10-K 1 vsto-3312019x10xk.htm 10-K Document
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ý
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
OR
o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                    to                  
Commission file number 1-36597
vistaoutdoora11.jpg
Vista Outdoor Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
47-1016855
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1 Vista Way
 
 
Anoka, MN
 
55303
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (763) 433-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01
 
VSTO
 
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
____________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý    No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o    No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý    No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer ý
 
Accelerated Filer o
 
Non-Accelerated Filer o
 (Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company o
 
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý
As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $1.0 billion (based upon the closing price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on September 30, 2018).
As of May 13, 2019, there were 57,728,244 shares of the registrant's voting common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 


PART I
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) contains “forward-looking statements"” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions regarding our business and performance, the economy and other future conditions and forecasts of future events, circumstances and results. Consequently, no forward-looking statements can be guaranteed. Actual results may vary materially. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Numerous risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from expectations described in such forward-looking statements, including those discussed in Item 1A of this Annual Report as updated by any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Forms 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
ITEM 1.    BUSINESS
Certain business terms used in this document are defined in the “Glossary and Acronyms” found at the end of this section, and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Our Company

Vista Outdoor is a leading global designer, manufacturer and marketer of consumer products in the outdoor sports and recreation markets. Vista Outdoor conducts operations through two operating segments, Outdoor Products and Shooting Sports. Vista Outdoor is headquartered in Anoka, Minnesota and has 18 manufacturing and distribution facilities in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico along with international customer service, sales and sourcing operations in Asia, Canada, and Europe. Vista Outdoor was incorporated in Delaware in 2014.

We serve the outdoor sports and recreation markets through a diverse portfolio of over 40 well-recognized brands that provide consumers with a wide range of performance-driven, high-quality and innovative products, including sporting ammunition and firearms, golf rangefinders, hydration products, outdoor accessories, outdoor cooking solutions, and protection for certain action sports. We serve a broad range of end consumers, including outdoor enthusiasts, hunters and recreational shooters, athletes, as well as law enforcement and military professionals. Our products are sold through a wide variety of mass, specialty and independent retailers and distributors, such as Academy, Amazon, Bass Pro Shops/Cabela's, Big Rock Sports, Sports South, Sportsman's Warehouse, Target, and Walmart. We also sell certain of our products directly to consumers through the relevant brand's website. We have a scalable, integrated portfolio of brands that allows us to leverage our deep customer knowledge, product development and innovation, supply chain and distribution, and sales and marketing functions across product categories to better serve our retail partners and end consumer.

Many of our brands have a rich, long-standing heritage, such as Federal Premium, founded in 1922, and Bushnell, founded in 1948. We believe this brand heritage supports our leading market share positions in multiple categories. For example, we believe we hold the No.1 sales position in the U.S. markets for ammunition, game calls, golf rangefinders, and trap throwing devices. To maintain the strength of our brands and drive revenue growth, we invest in product innovation to continuously improve the performance, quality, and affordability of our products while providing world-class customer support to our retail partners and end consumer. We have received numerous awards for product innovation by respected industry publications and for customer service from our retail customers. Additionally, high-profile professional sportsmen and athletes use and endorse our products, which influences the purchasing behavior of recreational consumers.

Segments

Vista Outdoor operates through two operating segments: Outdoor Products and Shooting Sports. See Note 19, Operating Segment Information, to our consolidated financial statements for financial information regarding our segments.

Outdoor Products

Our Outdoor Products segment generated approximately 48% of our external sales in fiscal 2019. The product lines within our Outdoor Products segment are focused on the following categories:

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•Helmets, goggles, and accessories for cycling, snow sports, action sports, and powersports;
•Archery and hunting accessories, including hunting arrows, game calls, hunting blinds, and game cameras;
•Golf laser rangefinders and other golf-related accessories;
•Hydration packs and water bottles;
•Optics, including binoculars, riflescopes, and telescopes;
•Outdoor cooking equipment, including grills, cookware, and camp stoves;
•Shooting accessories, including reloading equipment, clay targets, and premium gun care products; and
•Tactical accessories, including holsters, duty gear, bags and packs.
Shooting Sports

Our Shooting Sports segment generated approximately 52% of our external sales in fiscal 2019. The product lines within our Shooting Sports segment are focused on the following categories:

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Centerfire ammunition;

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Rimfire ammunition;

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Shotshell ammunition;

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Reloading components, and

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Firearms

Among these categories, we derive the largest portion of our sales from ammunition, which is a consumable, repeat purchase product. The Shooting Sports segment designs, develops, produces, and sources ammunition and firearms for the hunting and sport shooting enthusiast markets, as well as ammunition for local law enforcement, the U.S. government and international markets.

Our Brands

The brands in our Outdoor Products and Shooting Sports segments include the following:

Outdoor Products
 
Shooting Sports
Alliant Powder
 
Eagle
 
American Eagle
 
Prairie Storm
Bee Stinger
 
Giro
 
Blazer
 
Savage Arms
Bell
 
Gold Tip
 
Black Cloud
 
Savage Range Systems
Blackburn
 
Hoppe's
 
CCI
 
Speer
BLACKHAWK!
 
Krash
 
Estate Cartridge
 
Stevens
Bushnell
 
Primos
 
Federal Premium
 
Syntech
Butler Creek
 
Raskullz
 
Force on Force
 
Valkyrie
CamelBak
 
Simmons
 
Fusion
 
 
Camp Chef
 
Tasco
 
Gold Dot
 
 
Champion Target
 
Uncle Mike's
 
Gold Medal
 
 
CoPilot
 
Weaver
 
Lawman
 
 
 
Market Opportunity

We participate in the global market for consumer goods geared toward outdoor recreation and shooting sports. Spending on outdoor recreation products in the U.S., including the purchase of gear for bicycling, camping, fishing, hunting, motorcycling, off-roading, snow sports, trail sports, and wildlife viewing, totaled $93 billion in 2016, according to the 2017

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Outdoor Recreation Economy National Report issued by the Outdoor Industry Association, which publishes data every five years.

Outdoor Recreation Industry

The outdoor recreation and accessories industry represents a large focus area of our business. Examples of the sports and activities we target include archery, camping, cycling, golf, hiking, hunting, snow skiing, target shooting, and wildlife watching. Our consumers often participate in more than one of these activities.

Shooting Sports Industry

Shooting sports products currently represent slightly over half of our sales. Examples of the shooting sports activities we target include target shooting, hunting, as well as ammunition for local law enforcement, the U.S. government and international markets. The shooting sports industry historically has been a cyclical business and can be impacted by the current political climate, the timing of national elections, and other market factors.

Competitive Strengths

Portfolio of Leading Brands Focused on Outdoor Recreation and Shooting Sports

We have a diverse portfolio of outdoor recreation and shooting sports brands, many with long-standing, market-leading positions. We seek to maintain our brand strength by developing performance-enhancing innovations, introducing new products, engaging in product and brand marketing campaigns, providing marketing support to our strategic channel partners, and establishing a strong e-commerce presence to capitalize on the ongoing shift by consumers to online shopping. We target selling prices that balance our premium positioning with our focus on affordability to capture a large consumer base. Our brand strength and product innovations allow us to drive sales growth and deliver robust profit margins.

We employ a segmented brand strategy that leverages over 40 brands that are leaders in niche categories. This approach provides us with competitive advantages, including the following:
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Strong brand recognition, with the ability to command a leading market share position across several categories. For example, our Federal ammunition brand has the number one market share in ammunition; Savage Arms is a nationally recognized long gun brand among hunters and recreational shooters who desire quality at an affordable price; Bushnell Golf maintains a leading market share position in laser rangefinders; CamelBak is a leading provider of hydration system solutions for individuals in the hiking, cycling, and winter sports markets; Bell is a leading provider of helmets for individuals in the cycling market, and has a number one market share in motocross helmets; Giro is a leading provider of helmets, footwear, and apparel for individuals in the cycling markets and helmets and goggles for the winter sports markets; Primos is the number one market share leader in game calls; and Hoppe's brand has a number one market share in gun cleaning solutions and accessories.

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Better insight into consumer preferences and market dynamics through information sharing across our portfolio. Our strategic relationships with key accounts combined with our world-class customer service model deliver consumer insights into our aligned product development organization and process. This information helps us develop and maintain a robust new product pipeline.

Leading Innovation and Product Development Competencies

We believe our product development capabilities and intellectual property portfolio provide us with a strong competitive advantage. By applying our engineering and manufacturing expertise, we have been able to bring to market new and innovative products that maintain product differentiation while targeting affordability for our end consumers.

We have continuously invested in research and development ("R&D") and made disciplined investments in new technology to deliver sustainable growth and satisfy the evolving needs of our customers. We have leveraged our resources to help our brands develop a sophisticated R&D business process that we believe is difficult to replicate. Our current intellectual property portfolio includes approximately 800 patents, providing us with valuable proprietary trade secrets and technological know-how that we share across our platform. We employ approximately 115 dedicated design and product development professionals across the organization. Recent examples of our innovative, market-leading products include:


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•
For the bird hunters, Federal launched Black Cloud TSS for waterfowl hunters and Heavyweight TSS blended loads for turkey hunters. Small Tungsten Super Shot is in high demand with turkey and now waterfowl enthusiasts alike. Ultra-dense TSS pellets fly farther, penetrate deeper and stay on target longer.
•
Federal Syntech changes the landscape of target ammunition for personal defense and the recreational or competition shooter.  Syntech Pistol Caliber Carbine (PCC) is built to meet the exhaustive demands of fast-pace PCC competitions, with flawless function in carbine platforms. Syntech Training Match, loads that offer the same velocity, trajectory and point of impact as equivalent Federal Premium Personal Defense HST and Tactical HST duty ammunition.
•
For the competition shooter and big-game hunter, Federal has introduced several centerfire rifle rounds loaded with bullets from Barnes TSX in 17 loads, Berger Hybrid Hunter in 10 cartridges, Berger Hybrid OTM in three options and expanded Sierra MatchKing to include 6mm Creedmoor.
•
For cyclists, Giro’s newest high-end road helmet, the Aether MIPS spherical, is the most technically advanced helmet ever constructed. This product is the first in-molded, lightweight, road helmet to integrate the exclusive MIPS spherical technology.
•
For golfers, Bushnell Golf, the No.1 Electronic Measuring Device brand in Golf, launched the ProXE. The ProXE is the most advanced rangefinder to ever hit the golf market. This feature-packed product adds temperature and barometric pressure to Bushnell’s patented Slope technology to give golfer's what we believe is the most precise compensated distances ever.
•
For hunters and shooters, Bushnell introduced its Prime, Nitro, and Forge optics lines to address unmet and common needs by delivering superior light transmission in low light situations and clarity in any condition. We believe this newly introduced line of optics delivers superior performance.
•
For the outdoor cooking enthusiast, Camp Chef introduced the Sidekick, a pellet grill accessory that moves the possibilities of outdoor cooking to almost limitless options and the Pursuit pellet grill, which includes key features like slide and grill, ash clean out and added shelving in a portable configuration.
Proven Manufacturing, Global Sourcing, and Distribution Platform

We believe that our state-of-the-art manufacturing expertise, sourcing and distribution capabilities, and high-quality retail, wholesale and distributor networks allow us to produce, deliver and replenish products in a more efficient and faster manner than our competitors. We believe this speed allows us to better serve the needs of our customers and end consumers and capture market share. We also believe the scale and scope of our manufacturing and distribution operations also allows us to be one of the lowest-cost producers in many of our product categories.

Integrated supply chain management is core to our company. We procure large quantities of raw materials for our manufacturing operations and we leverage negotiating disciplines and production methods, with the objective of obtaining the best price and delivery available as well as low-cost conversion of raw materials into finished product. We also source finished product both domestically and internationally for global distribution. We continuously seek to improve our vendor base as well as our in-country support and oversight, and, through our integrated supply chain management process, we seek to provide year-over-year reductions in product costs. We believe the scope and scale of our sourcing network is not easily replicated.

We maintain positive relationships with our retail partners based on trust and professionalism. Our long-standing commitment to our customers, diverse product offering and focus on profitability for both our company and our retail partners have enabled us to gain shelf space and secure premium placement of our products at many major retailers. Our top retail and distributor partners include Academy, Amazon, Bass Pro Shops/Cabela's, Big Rock Sports, Sports South, Sportsman's Warehouse, Target, and Walmart. Our management team interfaces directly with the executives of many of our top retail partners to ensure we are delivering the products our retailers need to meet the demands of the end consumer in the most efficient and profitable manner possible. Furthermore, we believe our scale is a unique competitive advantage that allows us to leverage our platform to efficiently and profitably service our largest retail customers. For example, we work with our key retail customers to develop marketing and advertising campaigns, provide inventory replenishment support, and organize product category merchandising plans. These capabilities give us an advantage as we believe few competitors offer this level of retail support or a more comprehensive product portfolio.

Our Strategy

Our current strategic business plan is designed to allow us to focus our resources on pursuing growth in our market-leading brands by serving our target consumer with new and innovative products; leveraging our channel relationships and the

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reputation of our brands with our end consumers; expanding our e-commerce capabilities; and continuously improving operations.

Customers and Marketing

Our primary customers are retailers and distributors who serve outdoor enthusiasts, hunters, recreational shooters and athletes, as well as law enforcement and military professionals. Sales to our top ten retailer and distributor customers accounted for approximately 40% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2019. In fiscal 2019, U.S. customers represented approximately 69% of our sales, while international customers represented approximately 21%, and law enforcement and military professionals represented approximately 10%. See Note 19, Operating Segment Information, to our consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our customers and geographic information regarding our sales. We believe the outdoor recreation and shooting sports industries are led by enthusiasts with a passion for reliable, high-performance products, who rely on a wide variety of media for opinions and recommendations about available products. We utilize paid, earned, shared, and owned media to enhance the perception of our brands and products and to reinforce our leadership positions in the market. We supplement this exposure with data-driven print and digital advertising that is designed to maximize reach and return on investment. We have an industry-leading digital media presence that includes YouTube influencers and Range365, a Vista Outdoor branded content site. Our goal is to strengthen our existing consumers' brand loyalty while at the same time reaching new users of our products.

Quality Assurance

We maintain a disciplined quality assurance process. We set stringent metrics to drive year-over-year quality improvements. We also have a customer call center, which allows us to collect important customer data and feedback on our customer service to ensure that our customers and end consumers are satisfied with our products and customer service.

Employees

We employ approximately 5,200 people. We operate 18 manufacturing and distribution facilities in the United States, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Canada. We have union-represented employees at our Westfield, Massachusetts and Tijuana, Mexico locations, comprising approximately 6% of our total workforce. We have had no strikes or work stoppages during the last five years. We believe that our employee relations generally are good.

Manufacturing and Supply

We operate 18 manufacturing and distribution facilities in the United States, Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada.

We source finished product both domestically and internationally for global distribution. Our supply chain and logistics infrastructure gives us the ability to serve a broad array of wholesale and retail customers, many of whom rely on us for services such as category management, marketing campaigns, merchandising and inventory replenishment. Our strong wholesale and retail relationships and diverse product offering provide a unique competitive advantage.

Competition

Competition in the markets in which we operate is based on a number of factors, including price, quality, product innovation, performance, reliability, styling, product features, and warranties, as well as sales and marketing programs. Given the diversity of our product portfolio, we have various significant competitors in each of our markets, including: Clarus, Shimano, Callaway, and Johnson Outdoors in the outdoor sporting market; Nikon and Vortex in the optics market; Hydro Flask, Contigo, Yeti, and Nalgene in the hydration systems market; Remington Arms, Winchester Ammunition of Olin Corporation, and various smaller manufacturers and importers, including Black Hills Ammunition, CBC Group, Fiocchi Ammunition, Hornady, PMC, Rio Ammunition, and Wolf in the ammunition market; and Marlin, Mossberg, Remington Arms, Ruger, Smith and Wesson of American Outdoor Brands, and Winchester in the firearms market.

Seasonality

Our business experiences a certain level of seasonality. Sales of our spring products and summer products, such as golf accessories, can be adversely impacted by unseasonably cold or wet weather in those periods. Sales of our premium hunting accessories are generally highest during the months of August through December due to shipments around the fall hunting season and holidays. Sales of sporting ammunition historically have been lower in our first fiscal quarter. Our winter sport accessories sales can be negatively impacted by unseasonably warm or dry weather.

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Intellectual Property

In the highly competitive business in which we operate, our tradenames, service marks, and trademarks are important to distinguish our products and services from those of our competitors. We rely upon trade secrets, continuing technological innovations, and licensing arrangements to maintain and improve our competitive position. We also have a portfolio of approximately 800 U.S. and foreign patents, and we believe these patents, as well as unpatented research, development, and engineering skills, make important contributions to our business. We are not aware of any facts which would negatively impact our continuing use of any of our tradenames, service marks, trademarks, or patents.

Regulatory Matters

Like many other manufacturers and distributors of consumer products, we are required to comply with numerous laws, rules, and regulations, including those surrounding labor and employment law, environmental law, consumer product safety, data privacy and security, workplace safety, and the export and import of our products. These laws, rules and regulations currently impose significant compliance requirements on our business, and more restrictive laws, rules, and regulations may be adopted in the future. We believe we are in material compliance with all applicable domestic and international laws and regulations.

Our operations are subject to numerous international, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including those governing the discharge, treatment, storage, transportation, remediation and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, and restoration of damages to the environment, as well as health and safety matters. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with these laws and regulations and that forward-looking, proper and cost-effective management of air, land, and water resources is vital to the long-term success of our business. Our environmental policy identifies key objectives for implementing this commitment throughout our operations. We incur operating and capital costs on an ongoing basis to comply with environmental requirements, and could incur significant additional costs as a result of more stringent requirements that may be promulgated in the future.

Some environmental laws, such as the U.S. federal Superfund law and similar state laws, can impose liability, without regard to fault, for the entire cost of the cleanup of contaminated sites on current or former site owners and operators or parties who sent wastes to such sites. We are conducting investigation and/or remediation activities at certain of our current or former sites where impacts from our historical operations have been identified. We have also been identified as a PRP, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste disposal sites. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities at these sites, based on currently available information, we do not currently expect these matters, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. We could, however, incur substantial additional costs as a result of any additional obligations imposed or conditions identified at these or other sites in the future.

As a manufacturer and distributor of consumer products, we are subject to various domestic and international consumer product safety laws, such as the Consumer Products Safety Act, which empowers the Consumer Products Safety Commission to investigate and deem certain of our products as unsafe or hazardous. Under certain circumstances, the Consumer Products Safety Commission or similar international agencies could ask a court to require us to repurchase or recall one or more of our products. In addition, laws regulating certain consumer products exist in some cities and states, as well as in other countries in which we sell our products.

We are also subject to the rules and regulations of the ATF and various state and international agencies that control the manufacture, export, import, distribution, and sale of firearms, explosives, and ammunition. If we fail to comply with these rules and regulations, these agencies may limit our growth or business activities, or, in extreme cases, revoke our licenses to do business. Our business, as well as the business of all producers and marketers of ammunition and firearms, is also subject to numerous federal, state, local, and foreign laws, regulations and protocols. Applicable laws:

• require the licensing of all persons manufacturing, exporting, importing, or selling firearms and ammunition as a business;

• require serialization of new firearms, labeling and tracking the acquisition and disposition of firearms, certain types of ammunition, and certain related products;

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require background checks for purchasers of firearms;


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• impose waiting periods between the purchase of a firearm and the delivery of a firearm;

• prohibit the sale of firearms to certain persons, such as those below a certain age and persons with criminal records;

• regulate the use and storage of gun powder or other energetic materials;

• regulate the interstate sale of certain firearms and ammunition;

• prohibit the interstate mail-order sale of firearms and ammunition;

• regulate our employment of personnel with certain criminal convictions; and

• restrict access to firearm or ammunition manufacturing facilities for certain individuals from other countries or with criminal convictions.

In some cases, the handling of our technical data and the international sale of our products is also regulated by the U.S. Department of State and Department of Commerce. These agencies oversee the export of certain of our products including firearms, shotguns, ammunition, and night vision devices and related technical data, amongst other products. In many instances, we must obtain export authorizations for international shipments. In addition, the ITAR requires congressional approval for any firearms export application with a total value of $1 million or higher. To date, most of our requests for export licenses have been approved. These agencies can impose civil and criminal penalties, including denying us from exporting our products, for failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.

We are also regulated by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which handles the out-bound and in-bound movement of certain of our products, as well as components, parts, and materials used in our manufacturing processes. The agency can detain and seize shipments, as well as penalize us for failure to comply with applicable regulations. The agency also works closely with the Department of State and the Department of Commerce to ensure compliance in protection of national security.
Corporate Information
Vista Outdoor was formed as a Delaware corporation on February 9, 2015, pursuant to the spin-off by Orbital ATK of its Sporting Group business to Orbital ATK stockholders. Vista Outdoor is headquartered in Anoka, Minnesota and has 18 manufacturing and distribution facilities in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico along with international customer service, sales and sourcing operations in Asia, Canada, and Europe.
Available Information
You can find reports on our company filed with the SEC on our internet site at www.vistaoutdoor.com under the "Investor Relations" heading free of charge. These include our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We make these reports available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report that we file with or furnish to the SEC. Our SEC filings are also available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.


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Glossary and Acronyms

Bushnell: Refers to Bushnell Group Holdings, Inc.

2016 Credit Agreement: Refers to the Vista Outdoor Inc. Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2016, among Vista Outdoor Inc., Bank of America, N.A. and the Lenders party thereto, as amended from time to time.

2018 Credit Agreements: Refers to the Vista Outdoor Inc. Amended and Restated Credit Agreements, dated as of November 19, 2018, among Vista Outdoor Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and the Lenders party thereto, as amended from time to time.

Junior Term Loan: Refers to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2018, among Vista Outdoor Inc. and GACP Finance Co., LLC.

New Credit Facilities: Collectively refers to the 2018 Credit Agreements and the Junior Term Loan.

Form 10: Registration Statement filed by Vista Outdoor on Form 10, as amended on January 16, 2015.

Lake City: Refers to the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant operated by a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman.

Orbital ATK: Refers to Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) prior to February 9, 2015, Orbital ATK for periods from February 9, 2015 to June 6, 2018, and as a division of Northrop Grumman for periods subsequent to June 6, 2018.

Merger: Refers to a subsidiary of ATK merging with and into Orbital Sciences Corporation with Orbital Sciences Corporation surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of ATK, immediately following the Spin-Off.

Savage Arms: Refers to Caliber Company, parent company of Savage Sports Corporation.

Spin-Off: Refers to Orbital ATK's completion of the spin-off of its Sporting Group into Vista Outdoor on February 9, 2015.

Transaction Agreement: Refers to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2014, among Alliant Techsystems Inc., Vista Outdoor Inc., Vista Merger Sub Inc. and Orbital Sciences Corporation.

Vista Outdoor, the Company, we, our, and us: Refers to Vista Outdoor Inc. for disclosures relating to periods subsequent to February 9, 2015. For disclosures relating to periods prior to February 9, 2015, refers to the ATK Sporting Group.

ATF: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

DMD: Domestic manufacturing deduction

EAR: Export Administration Regulations

ITAR: International Traffic in Arms Regulations

M&A: Mergers & Acquisitions

NSSF: National Shooting Sports Foundation

PRP: potentially responsible party

R&D: research and development

SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission




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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
We operate in a rapidly changing business environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. The following discussion addresses risks and uncertainties that could cause, or contribute to causing, our actual results to differ from our expectations in material ways. These risks and uncertainties, or other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. The trading price of our common stock could also decline due to any of these risks. The following information should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.

Competition in our industry may hinder our ability to execute our business strategy, achieve profitability or maintain relationships with existing customers.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and we compete against other manufacturers that have well-established brand names and strong market positions. Significant competitors in the outdoor sporting market include Clarus, Shimano, Callaway, and Johnson Outdoors. Nikon and Vortex in the optics market; Hydro Flask, Contigo, Yeti, and Nalgene in the hydration systems market; Remington Arms, Winchester Ammunition of Olin Corporation, and various smaller manufacturers and importers, including Black Hills Ammunition, CBC Group, Fiocchi Ammunition, Hornady, PMC, Rio Ammunition, and Wolf in the ammunition market; and Marlin, Mossberg, Remington Arms, Ruger, Smith and Wesson of American Outdoor Brands, and Winchester in the firearms market.

Competition in the markets in which we operate is based on a number of factors, including price, quality, product innovation, performance, reliability, styling, product features and warranties, as well as sales and marketing programs. Competition could cause price reductions, reduced profits or losses or loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Certain of our competitors may be more diversified than us or may have financial and marketing resources that are substantially greater than ours, which may allow them to invest more heavily in intellectual property, product development and advertising. Since many of our competitors also source their products from third parties, our ability to obtain a cost advantage through sourcing is reduced.

Certain of our competitors may be willing to reduce prices and accept lower profit margins to compete with us. Further, retailers often demand that suppliers reduce their prices on mature products, which could lead to lower margins.

Our products typically face more competition internationally where foreign competitors manufacture and market products in their respective countries, which allows those competitors to sell products at lower prices, which could adversely affect our competitiveness.

In addition, our products compete with many other sporting and recreational products for the discretionary spending of consumers. Failure to effectively compete with these competitors or alternative products could have a material adverse effect on our performance.

Our revenues and results of operations may fluctuate unexpectedly from quarter-to-quarter, which may cause our stock price to decline.

Our revenues and results of operations have varied significantly in the past and may vary significantly in the future due to various factors, including, but not limited to:

• market acceptance of our products and services;

• the timing of large domestic and international orders;

• cancellation of existing orders;

• the outcome of any existing or future litigation;

• adverse publicity surrounding our products, the safety of our products or the use of our products;

• changes in our sales mix;

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• new product introduction costs;

• complexity in our integrated supply chain;

• increased raw material expenses;

• changes in amount and/or timing of our operating expenses; and

• changes in laws and regulations that may affect the marketability of our products.

As a result of these and other factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful in the short term, and our performance in a particular period may not be indicative of our performance in any future period.

Our results of operations could be materially harmed if we are unable to forecast demand for our products accurately.

We often schedule internal production and place orders for products with third-party suppliers before receiving firm orders from our customers. If we fail to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products to deliver to our customers. Factors that could affect our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products include:

• an increase or decrease in consumer demand for our products or for the products of our competitors;

• our failure to accurately forecast customer acceptance of new products;

• new product introductions by competitors;

• changes in our relationships with customers;

• changes in general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of orders or a reduction or increase in the rate of reorders placed by retailers;

• changes in laws and regulations governing the activities for which we sell products, such as hunting and shooting sports;

• weak economic conditions or consumer confidence, which could reduce demand for discretionary items such as our products; and

• the domestic political environment, including debate over the regulation of firearms, ammunition and related products.
 
Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If we underestimate demand for our products, our manufacturing facilities or third party suppliers may not be able to create products to meet customer demand, and this could result in delays in the shipment of products and lost revenues, as well as damage to our reputation and customer relationships. We may not be able to manage inventory levels successfully to meet future order and reorder requirements.

We may need to raise additional capital, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.

We will need to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditure and financing requirements through cash flows from operations and new sources of financing. Our ability to obtain future financing will depend on, among other things, our financial condition and results of operations as well as on the condition of the capital markets or other credit markets at the time we seek financing. Increased volatility and disruptions in the financial markets could make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain financing. We cannot assure you that we will have access to the capital markets or other credit markets on terms we find acceptable or at all.


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The terms of the agreements governing our debt restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to incur debt that we may need to fund initiatives in response to changes in our business, the industries in which we operate, the economy and governmental regulations.

Our sales are highly dependent on purchases by several large retail customers, and we may be adversely affected by the loss of, or any significant decline in sales to, one or more of these customers.

The U.S. retail industry serving the outdoor recreation market has become relatively concentrated. Sales to the top ten customers accounted for approximately 40% of our consolidated net sales in the fiscal year 2019. Further, consolidation in the U.S. retail industry could increase the concentration of our retail store customer base in the future.
    
Although we have long-established relationships with many of our retail customers, as is typical in the markets in which we compete, we do not have long-term purchase agreements with our customers. As such, we are dependent on individual purchase orders. As a result, these retail customers would be able to cancel their orders, change purchase quantities from forecast volumes, delay purchases, change other terms of our business relationship or cease to purchase our products entirely. The loss of any one or more of our retail customers or significant or numerous cancellations, reductions, delays in purchases or changes in business practices by our retail customers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations including but not limited to reductions in sales volumes and profits, inability to collect receivables, and increases in inventory levels.

We rely on Orbital ATK for certain of our ammunition products.

We currently have agreements with a subsidiary of Orbital ATK pursuant to which such subsidiary manufactures and supplies certain of our ammunition product requirements. Pursuant to an ammunition agreement that is effective for the period from February 10, 2018 through September 30, 2020, Orbital ATK has the option to sell ammunition products to other commercial customers under certain circumstances at a price not lower than the price it offers to us.

The ability of Orbital ATK to sell small-caliber ammunition products manufactured at its Lake City plant to any customer, including the U.S. Department of Defense may create an incentive for us to place a large advance order. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may not be able to renew our agreements with Orbital ATK beyond their term, we may be adversely impacted by the terms provided in the agreements with Orbital ATK and we may not be able to source ammunition products from another supplier on favorable terms or at all. If we fail to maintain an adequate supply of ammunition products, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Significant supplier capacity constraints, supplier production disruptions, supplier quality issues or price increases could increase our operating costs and adversely impact the competitive positions of our products.

Our reliance on third-party suppliers for various product components and finished goods exposes us to volatility in the availability, quality and price of these product components and finished goods. A disruption in deliveries from our third-party suppliers, capacity constraints, production disruptions, price increases or decreased availability of raw materials or commodities could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. Quality issues experienced by third party suppliers could also adversely affect the quality and effectiveness of our products and result in liability and reputational harm.

We face risks relating to our international business that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our ability to maintain the current level of operations in our existing international markets and to capitalize on growth in existing and new international markets is subject to risks associated with our doing business internationally, including:

• issues related to managing international operations;

• potentially adverse tax developments;

• lack of sufficient protection for intellectual property in some countries;

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• currency exchange;

• import and export controls;

• social, political, and economic instability in the countries in which we operate;

• local laws and regulations, including those governing labor, product safety and environmental protection;

• changes to international treaties and regulations; and

• limitations on our ability to efficiently repatriate cash from our foreign operations.

Any one or more of these risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Changes in U.S. and Global Trade Policies, Including New and Potential Tariffs on Imported Goods, Could Increase Our Cost of Goods or Limit Our Access to Export Markets.

In recent years, protectionist trade policies have been increasing around the world, including in the United States. It is unclear what additional tariffs, duties, border taxes or other similar assessments on imports might be implemented in the future and what effects these changes may have on retail markets or our operating performance. Additional protectionist trade legislation in either the United States or foreign countries, including changes in the current tariff structures, export or import compliance laws, or other trade policies, could reduce our ability to sell our products in foreign markets, the ability of foreign customers to purchase our products, and our ability to import components, parts, and products from foreign suppliers. In particular, increases in tariffs on goods imported into the United States could increase the cost to us of such merchandise (whether imported directly or indirectly) and cause increases in the prices at which we sell such merchandise to our customers, which could materially adversely affect the financial performance of our business.

Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other applicable anti-corruption legislation, as well as export controls and trade sanctions, could result in fines or criminal penalties.

The international nature of our business exposes us to trade sanctions and other restrictions imposed by the United States and other governments. The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce, Treasury and other agencies and authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against companies for violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), export controls, anti-boycott provisions and other federal statutes, sanctions and regulations and, increasingly, similar or more restrictive foreign laws, rules and regulations, which may also apply to us. In recent years, U.S. and foreign governments have increased their oversight and enforcement activities with respect to these laws and we expect the relevant agencies to continue to increase their enforcement efforts.

In foreign countries in which we have operations, a risk exists that our associates, contractors or agents could, in contravention of our policies, engage in business practices prohibited by U.S. laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the FCPA, or the laws and regulations of other countries, such as the UK Bribery Act. We maintain a policy/Our Code of Business Ethics prohibiting such business practices. Nevertheless, we remain subject to the risk that one or more of our associates, contractors or agents, including those based in or from countries where practices that violate such U.S. laws and regulations or the laws and regulations of other countries may be customary, will engage in business practices that are prohibited by our policies, circumvent our compliance programs and, by doing so, violate such laws and regulations. Any such violations, even if prohibited by our internal policies, could adversely affect our business or financial performance and our reputation.

By virtue of these laws and regulations we may be obliged to limit our business activities, we may incur costs for compliance programs and we may be subject to enforcement actions or penalties for noncompliance. A violation of these laws, sanctions or regulations could result in restrictions on our exports, civil and criminal fines or penalties and could adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Seasonality and weather conditions may cause our results of operations to vary from quarter to quarter.

Because many of the products we sell are used for seasonal outdoor sporting activities, our results of operations may be significantly impacted by unseasonable weather conditions. For example, our winter sport accessories sales are

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dependent on cold winter weather and snowfall, and can be negatively impacted by unseasonably warm or dry weather. Conversely, sales of our spring products and summer products, such as golf accessories, can be adversely impacted by unseasonably cold or wet weather. Accordingly, our sales results and financial condition will typically suffer when weather patterns do not conform to seasonal norms.

Sales of our hunting accessories are highest during the months of August through December due to shipments around the fall hunting season and holidays. In addition, sales of our ammunition have historically been lower in our first fiscal quarter. The seasonality of our sales may change in the future. Seasonal variations in our results of operations may reduce our cash on hand, increase our inventory levels and extend our accounts receivable collection periods. This in turn may cause us to increase our debt levels and interest expense to fund our working capital requirements.

Our success depends upon our ability to introduce new compelling products into the marketplace and respond to
customer preferences.

Our efforts to introduce new products into the marketplace may not be successful, and any new products that we introduce may not result in customer or market acceptance. We both develop and source new products that we believe will match customer preferences. The development of new products is a lengthy and costly process and may not result in the development of a successful product. In addition, the sourcing of our products is dependent, in part, on our relationships with our third party suppliers. If we are unable to maintain these relationships, we may not be able to continue to source products at competitive prices that both meet our standards and appeal to our customers. Failure to develop or source and introduce new products that consumers want to buy could decrease our sales, operating margins and market share and could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Even if we are able to develop or source new products, our efforts to introduce new products may be costly and ineffective. When introducing a new product, we incur expenses and expend resources to market, promote and sell the new product. New products that we introduce into the marketplace may be unsuccessful or may achieve success that does not meet our expectations for a variety of reasons, including failure to predict market demand, delays in introduction, unfavorable cost comparisons with alternative products and unfavorable performance. Significant expenses related to new products that prove to be unsuccessful for any reason will adversely affect our results of operations.

Customer preferences include the choice of sales channels. We may not be able to successfully respond to shifting preferences of the end consumer from brick and mortar retail to online retail. Our efforts to introduce new sales channels to respond to such a shift may be costly and ineffective.

Some of our products contain licensed, third party technology that provides important product functionality and features. The loss or inability to obtain and maintain any such licenses could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our products may contain technology licensed from third parties that provides important product functionality and features. We cannot assure you that we will have continued access to this technology. For example, if the licensing company ceases to exist, either from bankruptcy, dissolution or purchase by a competitor, we may lose access to important third party technology and may not be able to obtain replacement technology on favorable terms or at all. In addition, legal actions, such as intellectual property actions, brought against the licensing company could impact our future access to the technology. Any of these actions could negatively impact our technology licensing, thereby reducing the functionality and features of our products, and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We manufacture and sell products that create exposure to potential product liability, warranty liability or personal injury claims and litigation.

Some of our products are used in applications and situations that involve risk of personal injury and death. Our products expose us to potential product liability, warranty liability and personal injury claims and litigation relating to the use or misuse of our products including allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product or activities associated with the product, negligence and strict liability. If successful, such claims could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Defects in our products could reduce demand for our products and result in a decrease in sales and market acceptance and damage to our reputation.


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Complex components and assemblies used in our products may contain undetected defects that are subsequently discovered at any point in the life of the product. In addition, we obtain many of our products and component parts from third party suppliers and may not be able to detect defects in such products or component parts until after they are sold. Defects in our products may result in a loss of sales, recall expenses, delay in market acceptance and damage to our reputation and increased warranty costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Although we maintain product liability insurance in amounts that we believe are reasonable, we may not be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms, if at all, in the future and product liability claims may exceed the amount of our insurance coverage. In addition, our reputation may be adversely affected by such claims, whether or not successful, including potential negative publicity about our products.

We are subject to extensive regulation and could incur fines, penalties and other costs and liabilities under such requirements.

Like other global manufacturers and distributors of consumer products, we are required to comply with a wide variety of federal, state and international laws, rules and regulations, including those related to consumer products and consumer protection, advertising and marketing, labor and employment, data protection and privacy, intellectual property, workplace safety, the environment, the import and export of products, and tax. See Item 1 “Business-Regulatory Matters” for a description of the various laws and regulations our business is subject to. Our failure to comply with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations may result in our being subject to claims, lawsuits, fines and adverse publicity that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. These laws, rules and regulations currently impose significant compliance requirements on our business, and more restrictive laws, rules and regulations may be adopted in the future.

Changes in government policies and firearms and ammunition legislation could adversely affect our financial results.

The sale, purchase, ownership and use of firearms are subject to numerous and varied federal, state and local governmental regulations. Federal laws governing firearms include the National Firearms Act, the Federal Firearms Act, the Arms Export Control Act and the Gun Control Act of 1968. These laws generally govern the manufacture, import, export, sale and possession of firearms and ammunition. We hold all necessary licenses to legally sell firearms and ammunition in the United States.

Currently, some members of the federal legislature and several state legislatures are considering additional legislation relating to the regulation of firearms and ammunition. These proposed bills are extremely varied. If enacted, such legislation could effectively ban or severely limit our sale of affected firearms or ammunition. In addition, if such restrictions are enacted and are incongruent, we could find it difficult, expensive or impractical to comply with such restrictions, which could impede new product development and the distribution of existing products. We cannot assure you that the regulation of our business activities will not become more restrictive in the future and that any such restrictions will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

If our efforts to protect the security of personal information about our customers and consumers are unsuccessful and unauthorized access to that personal information is obtained, or we experience a significant disruption in our computer systems or a cyber security breach, we could experience an adverse effect on our operations, we could be subject to costly government enforcement action and private litigation and our reputation could suffer.

Our operations, especially our retail operations, involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ and consumers’ proprietary information, such as credit card and bank account numbers, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, government enforcement action and litigation and possible liability. Our payment services may be susceptible to credit card and other payment fraud schemes, including unauthorized use of credit cards, debit cards or bank account information, identity theft or merchant fraud.

If our security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, and as a result, someone obtains unauthorized access to our customers’ and consumers’ data, our reputation may be damaged, our business may suffer, and we could incur significant liability. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our

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security occurs, the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose customers and consumers, which could adversely affect our business.

We also rely extensively on our computer systems to manage our ordering, pricing, inventory replenishment and other processes. Our systems could be subject to damage or interruption from various sources, including power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber security breaches, vandalism, severe weather conditions, catastrophic events and human error, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. If our systems are damaged, fail to function properly or otherwise become unavailable, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them, and we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to perform critical functions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are exposed to risks associated with acquisitions, which could adversely affect our future financial results.

Our business strategy includes growth through acquisitions or other transactions. The expected benefits of any future acquisitions or other transactions may not be realized. Costs could be incurred on pursuits or proposed acquisitions that may never close that could significantly impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Additionally, after any acquisition, unforeseen issues and/or costs could arise that adversely affect our anticipated returns or that are otherwise not recoverable as an adjustment to the purchase price. Even after careful integration efforts, actual results of operations may vary significantly from initial estimates due to a variety of factors, including general economic conditions affecting the market for our products.

Furthermore, if, due to declining market conditions or other factors, we determine that the carrying value of the goodwill or other intangible assets associated with an acquired business exceeds the fair value of such assets, we may be required to record a significant impairment charge in the period during which such determination was made, which would negatively affect our results of operations. For example, in fiscal 2019 we recorded an impairment charge to the goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with the Hunting and Shooting Accessories, Outdoor Recreation, and Action Sports reporting units.

We may engage in other strategic business transactions. Such transactions could result in unanticipated costs and difficulties, may not achieve intended results and may require significant time and attention from management, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks may also include potential delays in adopting our financial and managerial controls and reporting systems and procedures, greater than anticipated costs and expenses related to the integration of the acquired business with our business, potential unknown liabilities associated with the acquired company, challenges inherent in effectively managing an increased number of employees in diverse locations and the challenge of creating uniform standards, controls, procedures, policies, and information systems. These and other risks relating to our acquisitions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our business is highly dependent upon our brand recognition and reputation, and the failure to maintain or enhance our brand recognition or reputation would likely have an adverse effect on our business.

Our brand recognition and reputation are critical aspects of our business. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands as well as our reputation are critical to retaining existing customers and attracting new customers. We also believe that the importance of our brand recognition and reputation will continue to increase as competition in the markets in which we compete continues to develop.

Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our advertising, promotion, public relations and marketing programs. These brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue and the effectiveness of these activities will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to:

• determine the appropriate creative message, media mix and markets for advertising, marketing and promotional initiatives and expenditures;

• identify the most effective and efficient level of spending in each market, medium and specific media vehicle; and

• effectively manage marketing costs, including creative and media expenses, in order to maintain acceptable customer acquisition costs.

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We may implement new marketing and advertising strategies with significantly higher costs than our current channels, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Implementing new marketing and advertising strategies could also increase the risk of devoting significant capital and other resources to endeavors that do not prove to be cost effective. We also may incur marketing and advertising expenses significantly in advance of the time we anticipate recognizing revenue associated with such expenses, and our marketing and advertising expenditures may not generate sufficient levels of brand awareness or result in increased revenue. Even if our marketing and advertising expenses result in increased revenue, the increase in revenue might not offset our related marketing and advertising expenditures. If we are unable to maintain our marketing and advertising channels on cost-effective terms or replace or supplement existing marketing and advertising channels with similarly or more cost-effective channels, our marketing and advertising expenses could increase substantially, our customer base could be adversely affected and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely impacted.

In addition, certain of our products and brands benefit from endorsements and support from particular sporting enthusiasts, athletes or other celebrities, and those products and brands may become personally associated with those individuals. As a result, sales of the endorsed products could be materially and adversely affected if any of those individuals’ images, reputations or popularity were to be negatively impacted.

Use of social media to disseminate negative commentary and boycotts may adversely impact our business.

There has been a substantial increase in the use of social media platforms, including blogs, social media websites, and other forms of Internet-based communications, which allow individuals access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Negative commentary regarding us or our brands may be posted on social media platforms at any time and may have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, or relationships with third parties, including suppliers, customers, investors, and lenders. Consumers value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy or context. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.

Social media platforms also provide users with access to such a broad audience that collective action, such as boycotts, can be more easily organized. Such actions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and or cash flows.

Further, we serve the outdoor sports and recreation markets through a diverse portfolio of over 40 brands that appeal to a broad range of end consumers. The perspectives of the broad range of consumers we serve are varied and can cause conflict across brands.

We may incur substantial litigation costs to protect our intellectual property, and if we are unable to protect our intellectual property, we may lose our competitive advantage. We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which could cause us to incur litigation costs and divert management attention from our business.

Our future success depends in part upon our ability to protect our intellectual property. Our protective measures, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret protection and internet identity registrations, may prove inadequate to protect our proprietary rights and market advantage. The right to stop others from misusing our trademarks and service marks in commerce depends, to some extent, on our ability to show evidence of enforcement of our rights against such misuse in commerce. Our failure to stop the misuse by others of our trademarks and service marks may lead to our loss of trademark and service mark rights, brand loyalty and notoriety among our customers and prospective customers. The scope of any patent to which we have or may obtain rights may not prevent others from developing and selling competing products. In addition, our patents may be held invalid upon challenge, or others may claim rights in, or ownership of, our patents. Moreover, we may become subject to litigation with parties that claim, among other matters, that we infringed their patents or other intellectual property rights. The defense and prosecution of patent and other intellectual property claims are both costly and time-consuming, and could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial position.

Also, any intellectual property infringement claims against us, with or without merit, could be costly and time-consuming to defend and divert our management's attention from our business. If our products were found to infringe a third party's proprietary rights, we could be forced to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements in order to be able to continue to sell our products or discontinue use of the protected technology. Such royalty and licensing agreements may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. Rights holders may demand payment for past infringements or force us to accept costly license terms or discontinue use of protected technology or works of authorship.

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We may become involved in litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Other companies, including our competitors, may develop intellectual property that is similar or superior to our intellectual property, duplicate our intellectual property or design around our patents, and may have or obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our products. Effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries in which we sell products or from which competing products may be sold.

Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use aspects of our intellectual property and products that we regard as proprietary. Our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad may prove to be inadequate, and competitors may be able to develop similar intellectual property independently. If our intellectual property protection is insufficient to protect our intellectual property rights, we could face increased competition in the markets for our products.

Should any of our competitors file patent applications or obtain patents that claim inventions also claimed by us, we may choose to participate in an interference proceeding to determine the right to a patent for these inventions because our business would be harmed if we fail to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights. Even if the outcome is favorable, this proceeding could result in substantial costs to us and disrupt our business.

In the future, we also may need to file lawsuits to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Shortages of, and price increases for, components, parts, raw materials and other supplies may delay or reduce our sales and increase our costs, thereby harming our results of operations.

Although we manufacture many of the components for our products, we purchase from third parties finished goods, important components, and parts. The costs of these components and parts are affected by commodity prices and are, therefore, subject to price volatility caused by weather, market conditions and other factors that are not predictable or within our control. We also use numerous commodity materials in producing and testing our products, including copper, lead, plastics, steel, wood, and zinc. Commodity prices could increase, and any such increase in commodity prices may harm our results of operations.

Our inability to obtain sufficient quantities of components, parts, raw materials and other supplies from independent sources necessary for the production of our products could result in reduced or delayed sales or lost orders. Any delay in or loss of sales or orders could adversely impact our results of operations. Many of the components, parts, raw materials and other supplies used in the production of our products are available only from a limited number of suppliers. We do not have long-term supply contracts with some of these suppliers. As a result, we could be subject to increased costs, supply interruptions or orders and difficulties in obtaining materials. Our suppliers also may encounter difficulties or increased costs in obtaining the materials necessary to produce their products that we use in our products. The time lost in seeking and acquiring new sources could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Increases in commodity costs would increase our operating costs and could have an adverse effect on our earnings.

Higher prices for electricity, natural gas, metals, and fuel increase our production and shipping costs. A significant shortage, increased prices or interruptions in the availability of these commodities would increase the costs of producing and delivering products to our customers and would be likely to negatively affect our earnings. Commodity costs have varied significantly during recent fiscal years and remain a volatile element of our costs.

Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.

A disruption or failure of our systems or operations in the event of a major earthquake, weather event, cyber-attack, terrorist attack or other catastrophic event could cause delays in completing sales, providing services or performing other mission-critical functions. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or information technology systems could harm our ability to conduct normal business operations and our results of operations.


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In addition, damage or disruption to our manufacturing and distribution capabilities or those of our suppliers because of a major earthquake, weather event, cyber-attack, terrorist attack or other catastrophic event could impair our ability or our suppliers' ability to manufacture or sell our products. In addition, failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.

Some of our products involve the manufacture or handling of a variety of explosive and flammable materials. From time to time, these activities have resulted in incidents that have temporarily shut down or otherwise disrupted some manufacturing processes, causing production delays and resulting in liability for workplace injuries and fatalities. We have safety and loss prevention programs that require detailed pre-construction reviews of process changes and new operations, along with routine safety audits of operations involving explosive materials, to mitigate such incidents, as well as a variety of insurance policies. We cannot assure you, however, that we will not experience similar incidents in the future or that any similar incidents will not result in production delays or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

General economic conditions affect our results of operations.

Our revenues are affected by economic conditions and consumer confidence worldwide, but especially in the United States. In times of economic uncertainty, consumers tend to defer expenditures for discretionary items, which affects demand for our products. Moreover, our businesses are cyclical in nature, and their success is impacted by general economic conditions and specific economic conditions affecting the regions and markets we serve, the overall level of consumer confidence in the economy and discretionary income levels. Any substantial deterioration in general economic conditions that diminishes consumer confidence or discretionary income could reduce our sales and adversely affect our financial results. Moreover, declining economic conditions create the potential for future impairments of goodwill and other intangible and long-lived assets that may negatively impact our financial condition or results of operations. The impact of weak consumer credit markets, corporate restructurings, layoffs, high unemployment rates, declines in the value of investments and residential real estate, higher fuel prices and increases in federal and state taxation can also negatively affect our results of operations.

In addition, in recent periods sluggish economies and consumer uncertainty regarding future economic prospects in our key markets have had an adverse effect on the financial health of certain of our customers, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We extend credit to our customers for periods of varying duration based on an assessment of the customer’s financial condition, generally without requiring collateral, which increases our exposure to the risk of uncollectable receivables. In addition, we face increased risk of order reduction or cancellation when dealing with financially ailing retailers or retailers struggling with economic uncertainty. We may reduce our level of business with customers and distributors experiencing financial difficulties and may not be able to replace that business with other customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In times of uncertain market conditions there is also increased risk of inventories which cannot be liquidated in an efficient manner and may result in excess levels of inventory remaining with the Company.

Failure to attract and retain key personnel could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our future success will depend in part on the continued service of key personnel and our ability to attract, retain and develop key managers, designers, sales and information technology professionals and others. We face intense competition for these individuals worldwide. We may not be able to attract qualified new employees or retain existing employees, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Our results of operations could be impacted by unanticipated changes in tax provisions or exposure to additional income tax liabilities.

Our business operates in many locations under government jurisdictions that impose income taxes. Changes in domestic or foreign income tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation, could result in higher or lower income tax rates assessed or changes in the taxability of certain revenues or the deductibility of certain expenses, thereby affecting our income tax expense and profitability. In addition, audits by income tax authorities could result in unanticipated increases in our income tax expense.


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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) was passed into law in December 2017 which fundamentally changed federal tax law and has a considerable impact on our income taxes.  Future guidance could alter our current understanding of the law and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and liquidity.

Our debt covenants may limit our ability to complete acquisitions, incur debt, make investments, sell assets, merge or complete other significant transactions.

Our New Credit Facilities contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries and limit our ability to engage in actions that may be in our long-term best interests, including restrictions on our, and our subsidiaries', ability to:

• incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or sell disqualified or preferred stock;

• pay dividends on, make distributions in respect of, repurchase or redeem, capital stock;

• make investments or acquisitions;

• sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of certain assets;

• create liens;

• enter into sale/leaseback transactions;

• enter into agreements restricting the ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany transfers;

• consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our or our subsidiaries' assets;

• enter into transactions with affiliates;

• prepay, repurchase or redeem certain kinds of indebtedness;

• issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; and

• significantly change the nature of our business.

The indenture governing our 5.875% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “5.875% Notes”) also contains many of these same restrictions.

As a result of all of these restrictions, we may be:

• limited in how we conduct our business and pursue our strategy;

• unable to raise additional debt or equity financing that we may require to operate during general economic or business downturns; or

• unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.

A failure to comply with the covenants in the New Credit Facilities could result in an event of default under the New Credit Facilities, which could allow our creditors to accelerate the related indebtedness and proceed against the collateral that secures the indebtedness. Similarly, a failure to comply with the covenants in the indenture governing our 5.875% Notes could result in an event of default, which could allow the holders of the 5.875% Notes to accelerate these notes. The New Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the 5.875% Notes contain cross-default provisions so that noncompliance with the covenants of any of our other debt agreements could cause a default under these debt agreements as well. In the event our creditors accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we may not have sufficient liquidity to repay our indebtedness in such circumstances.


19

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

A significant portion of our indebtedness consists of term loans and revolver borrowings with variable rates of interest that expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness will increase even if the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows will correspondingly decrease. Assuming $165 million of variable-rate indebtedness (which was the amount of out indebtedness outstanding as of April 1, 2019, considering our interest rate swaps), a change of 1/8 of one percent in interest rates would result in a $0.3 million change in annual estimated interest expense. Even if we enter into additional interest rate swaps in the future in order to further reduce future interest rate volatility, we may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial results.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, approximately 21% of our revenue was generated from sales outside the United States. Revenues from foreign operations (and the related expense) is often transacted in foreign currencies or valued based on a currency other than U.S. dollars. For the purposes of financial reporting, this revenue is translated into U.S. dollars. Resulting gains and losses from foreign currency fluctuations are therefore included in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, when the U.S. dollar strengthens against certain foreign currencies, including the Euro, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, and other major currencies, our reportable revenue in U.S. dollars generated from sales made in foreign currencies may decrease substantially. As a result, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

A portion of our workforce belongs to a union. Failure to successfully negotiate or renew the collective bargaining agreement, or any strikes, slow-downs or other labor-related disruptions, could adversely affect our operations and could result in increased costs that impair our financial performance.

Approximately 6% of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The largest of these agreements expires on June 30, 2020. Strikes, slow-downs or other labor-related disruptions could occur if we are unable to either negotiate or renew our collective bargaining agreement on satisfactory terms, which could adversely impact our results of operations. The terms and conditions of new or renegotiated agreements could also increase our costs or otherwise affect our ability to fully implement future operational changes to enhance our efficiency.

If the Spin-Off is found to be taxable under the Internal Revenue Code we may be obligated to indemnify Orbital ATK.

Under the Tax Matters Agreement entered into by Orbital ATK and Vista Outdoor, we were prohibited from taking actions that could reasonably be expected to cause the Spin-Off to be taxable or to jeopardize the conclusions of the opinions of counsel received by Orbital ATK. If the Spin-Off does not qualify as a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"), including as a result of subsequent acquisitions of our stock or actions taken by the Company, then we may be obligated to indemnify Orbital ATK for such taxes imposed on the combined company.

Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Delaware law may prevent or delay an acquisition of our company, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.

Several provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that stockholders may consider favorable. These include provisions that:

• allow our Board of Directors to authorize for issuance, without stockholder approval, preferred stock, the rights of which will be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors and, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors does not approve;

• prohibit our stockholders from taking action by written consent and require that stockholder action must take place at a duly called annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

• establish how stockholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at meetings of our stockholders;

20


• mandate that stockholders may only remove directors for cause;

• grant exclusive privilege (subject to certain limited exceptions) to our directors, and not our stockholders, to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors;

• provide that only our Board of Directors, Chairman of our Board of Directors, our Chief Executive Officer or the President (in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer) are entitled to call a special meeting of our stockholders; and

• limit our ability to enter into business combination transactions with certain stockholders.

In addition, although our Board of Directors is transitioning to a declassified board, the transition will not be complete until our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders. Until such time, certain of our directors will continue to serve terms longer than one year. This could have the effect of making the replacement of incumbent directors more time consuming and difficult.

These and other provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent certain types of transactions involving an actual or a threatened acquisition or change in control of us, including unsolicited takeover attempts, even though the transaction may offer our stockholders the opportunity to sell their shares of our common stock at a price above the prevailing market price.

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES
Facilities—As of March 31, 2019, we occupied manufacturing, assembly, warehouse, test, research, development, and office facilities having a total floor space of approximately 4.4 million square feet. These facilities are either owned or leased.
As of March 31, 2019, our segments had significant operations at the following locations:
 
 
 
Outdoor Products
 
Oroville, CA; Petaluma, CA; San Diego, CA; Scotts Valley, CA; Rantoul, IL; Overland Park, KS; Olathe, KS; Flora, MS; Manhattan, MT; Lares, PR; Hyde Park, UT
Shooting Sports
 
Lewiston, ID; Westfield, MA; Anoka, MN
Corporate
 
Anoka, MN
The following table summarizes the floor space, in thousands of square feet, of each operating segment as of March 31, 2019:
 
Owned
 
Leased
 
Total
Outdoor Products
151

 
2,174

 
2,325

Shooting Sports
1,640

 
308

 
1,948

Corporate
—

 
100

 
100

Total
1,791

 
2,582

 
4,373

Percentage of total
41
%
 
59
%
 
100
%
Our properties are well maintained and in good operating condition and are sufficient to meet our near-term operating requirements.
ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits, which arise out of, and are incidental to, the conduct of our business. We do not consider any of such proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the

21

aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
We have been identified as a PRP, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, we may be required to pay a share of the costs of the investigation and clean-up of these sites. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of our ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available information, we do not currently expect that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
The description of certain environmental matters contained in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the heading, Contingencies, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

22

PART II
ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Vista Outdoor's common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VSTO".
The number of holders of record of Vista Outdoor's common stock as of May 13, 2019 was 3,474.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
See Part III, Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, which is incorporated by reference herein for information regarding our equity compensation plans.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
None.
Stockholder Return Performance Graph
The following graph compares, from January 29, 2015 (the first day our common stock began "when-issued" trading on the New York Stock Exchange) through the March 31, 2019 fiscal year end, the cumulative total return for Vista Outdoor common stock with the comparable cumulative total return of three indexes:
•
Standard & Poor's Composite 500 Index, a broad equity market index;

•
Standard & Poor's Mid-Cap 400 Index, an equity market index for entities with similar capitalization levels used in the prior year; and
 
•
Standard & Poor's Small-Cap 600 Index, an equity market index for entities with similar capitalization levels.

The Standard & Poor's Small-Cap 600 Index was chosen because there is not currently a published industry index that we believe would offer a meaningful comparison.

Vista Outdoor common stock began “regular-way” trading in connection with the Spin-Off on February 10, 2015. “When-issued” trading refers to a sale or purchase made conditionally because the security has been authorized but not yet issued. “Regular-way” trading refers to trading after a security has been issued. The graph is not, and is not intended to be, indicative of future performance of our common stock. This graph is not deemed to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and should not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our prior or subsequent filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

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The graph assumes that on January 29, 2015, $100 was invested in Vista Outdoor common stock (at the closing price on that trading day) and in each of the indexes. The comparison assumes that all dividends, if any, were reinvested.
chart-109fc1155e7a5d77819.jpg


24

ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
 
Year Ended March 31
(Amounts in thousands except per share data)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015 (6)
Results of Operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales, net
 
$
2,058,528

 
$
2,308,463

 
$
2,546,892

 
$
2,270,734

 
$
2,083,414

Cost of sales
 
1,642,840

 
1,787,501

 
1,877,706

 
1,651,289

 
1,554,493

Gross profit
 
415,688

 
520,962

 
669,186

 
619,445

 
528,921

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
 
27,742

 
29,663

 
32,769

 
12,512

 
9,518

Selling, general, and administrative
 
377,049

 
423,430

 
424,269

 
344,175

 
283,029

Acquisition claim settlement gain, net (1)
 
—

 
—

 
(30,027
)
 
—

 
—

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles (2)
 
456,023

 
152,444

 
449,199

 
—

 
52,220

Impairment of held-for-sale goodwill (7)
 
80,604

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Impairment of held-for-sale assets (8)
 
84,555

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Income (loss) before other expense, interest, and income taxes
 
(610,285
)
 
(84,575
)
 
(207,024
)
 
262,758

 
184,154

Other expense
 
(6,796
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Income (loss) before interest and income taxes
 
(617,081
)
 
(84,575
)
 
(207,024
)
 
262,758

 
184,154

Interest expense, net
 
(57,191
)
 
(49,214
)
 
(43,670
)
 
(24,351
)
 
(30,108
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
(674,272
)
 
(133,789
)
 
(250,694
)
 
238,407

 
154,046

Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(25,829
)
 
(73,557
)
 
23,760

 
91,370

 
74,518

Net income (loss)
 
$
(648,443
)
 
$
(60,232
)
 
$
(274,454
)
 
$
147,037

 
$
79,528

Earnings (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (3)
 
$
(11.27
)
 
$
(1.05
)
 
$
(4.66
)
 
$
2.36

 
$
1.25

Diluted (3)
 
$
(11.27
)
 
$
(1.05
)
 
$
(4.66
)
 
$
2.35

 
$
1.25

Financial Position
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net current assets
 
$
622,265

 
$
713,472

 
$
763,458

 
$
680,763

 
$
706,806

Net property, plant, and equipment
 
215,592

 
277,207

 
272,346

 
203,485

 
190,607

Total assets
 
1,738,023

 
2,614,836

 
2,976,747

 
2,942,634

 
2,512,446

Long-term debt (including current portion)
 
704,005

 
915,399

 
1,121,252

 
670,287

 
339,665

Total stockholders' equity
 
609,040

 
1,217,490

 
1,245,065

 
1,660,167

 
1,648,764

Other Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets
 
$
77,503

 
$
89,759

 
$
93,779

 
$
72,614

 
$
66,551

Capital expenditures (4)
 
42,242

 
66,627

 
90,665

 
41,526

 
43,189

Operating margin (5)
 
(30.0)%
 
(3.7)%
 
(8.1)%
 
11.6%
 
8.8%
_________________________________________________
(1)
In fiscal 2017, we finalized a settlement of claims that we brought against the previous owner of Bushnell Holdings and third-party insurance providers relating to certain disputes arising under the purchase agreement with respect to the acquisition.
(2)
In fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recorded impairment charges of $456.0 million, $152.4 million and $449.2 million, respectively, for reporting units in our Outdoor Products segment, and in fiscal 2015, we recorded an impairment charge of $52.2 million related to the firearms reporting unit. See Note 11, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
(3)
For periods prior to February 9, 2015, we have used weighted average shares of 63,875,000 to calculate basic and diluted EPS, as we had no outstanding common shares or dilutive stock-based awards. 63,875,000 represents the number of shares issued upon the Spin-Off.
(4)
Capital expenditures are shown net of capital expenditures included in accounts payable and financed through operating leases.
(5)
Represents income (loss) before interest, and income taxes expressed as a percentage of sales.
(6)
The selected financial data for fiscal year 2015 is presented on a consolidated and combined basis.

25

(7)
We recognized an impairment on held for sale goodwill of $80.6 million related to our firearms reporting unit within the Shooting Sports segment.
(8)
We recognized an impairment on held for sale assets of $44.9 million during the fiscal year related to the loss on the sale of our Bollé, Serengeti, and Cébé brands (the "Eyewear Brands"), and $39.6 million during the fiscal year related to our firearms reporting unit.
See Note 7, Divestitures and Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements for a description of divestitures and acquisitions made since the beginning of fiscal 2017.



26

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 6, "Selected Financial Data" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. This section and other sections of this Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See "Forward-Looking Statements" and Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors".
(Dollar amounts in thousands except share and per share data or unless otherwise indicated)
Executive Summary
We serve the outdoor sports and recreation markets through a diverse portfolio of over 40 well-recognized brands that provide consumers with a wide range of performance-driven, high-quality and innovative products, including sporting ammunition and firearms, golf rangefinders, hydration products, outdoor accessories, outdoor cooking solutions, and protection for certain action sports. We serve a broad range of end consumers, including outdoor enthusiasts, hunters and recreational shooters, athletes, as well as law enforcement and military professionals. Our products are sold through a wide variety of mass, specialty and independent retailers and distributors, such as Academy, Amazon, Bass Pro Shops/Cabela's, Big Rock Sports, Sports South, Sportsman's Warehouse, Target, and Walmart. We also sell certain of our products directly to consumers through the relevant brand's website. We have a scalable, integrated portfolio of brands that allows us to leverage our deep customer knowledge, product development and innovation, supply chain and distribution, and sales and marketing functions across product categories to better serve our retail partners and end consumer.
We conduct our operations through two operating segments which are defined based on the reporting and review process used by the chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer. As of March 31, 2019, Vista Outdoor's two segments were:
•
Outdoor Products, which generated approximately 48% of our sales in fiscal 2019. The product lines within these operating segments are action sports, archery/hunting accessories, outdoor cooking, golf, hydration products, optics, shooting accessories and tactical products. Action sports includes helmets, goggles, and accessories for cycling, snow sports, action sports and powersports. Archery/hunting accessories include high-performance hunting arrows, game calls, hunting blinds, game cameras and waterfowl decoys. Golf products include laser rangefinders. Hydration products include hydration packs and water bottles. Optics products include binoculars, riflescopes and telescopes. Shooting accessories products include reloading equipment, clay targets, and premium gun care products. Tactical products include holsters, duty gear, bags and packs.
•
Shooting Sports generated approximately 52% of our sales in fiscal 2019. Shooting Sports product lines include centerfire ammunition, rimfire ammunition, shotshell ammunition, reloading components, and firearms.
Our current strategic business plan is designed to allow us to focus our resources on pursuing growth in our market-leading brands by serving our target consumer with new and innovative products; leveraging our channel relationships and the reputation of our brands with our end consumers; expanding our e-commerce capabilities; and continuously improving operations.
Financial Highlights and Notable Events
Certain notable events or activities affecting our fiscal 2019 financial results and subsequent results include the following:
Financial highlights for fiscal 2019
•
Annual sales were $2,058,528 and $2,308,463 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease was driven by lower Outdoor Products sales of $159,100 and by lower Shooting Sports sales of $90,835 for the reasons described in the Results of Operations section.

•
Gross profit was $415,688 and $520,962 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in gross profit was caused by the Eyewear Brands sale and by lower sales volumes as described in the Results of Operations section.

•
Loss before interest and income taxes totaled $(617,081) and $(84,575) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in loss before interest and income taxes is primarily due to goodwill and intangibles impairment, as well as impairments of held-for-sale assets, partially offset by lower selling costs.

27


•
The decrease in the current year tax rate to 3.8% from 55.0% in the prior year ended March 31, 2018 is primarily caused by the income tax effects in the prior year of the tax legislation that was enacted in the United States on December 22, 2017 ("Tax Legislation") and the lower impact of nondeductible goodwill impairment in the current year.

•
On August 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Eyewear Brands.

•
During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, Vista Outdoor recorded a $429,395 impairment of goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our Hunting and Shooting Accessories, Outdoor Recreation, and Action Sports reporting units.

•
The firearms business was classified as held for sale during the quarter end December 30, 2018, resulting in goodwill impairment charges of $80,604, and additional impairment on assets held for sale of $39,634 for a total of $120,238 in the current fiscal year.
Other notable events affecting fiscal 2019
•
On November 19, 2018, we refinanced our 2016 Credit Agreement, which consisted of a $200,000 revolving credit facility and a $400,000 term A loan, by entering into the New Credit Facilities consisting of (a) a $450,000 senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Revolving Credit Facility”), comprised of $20,000 in first-in, last-out (“FILO”) revolving credit commitments and $430,000 in non-FILO revolving credit commitments, (b) a $109,343 senior secured asset-based term loan facility (the “Term Loan”) and (c) a $40,000 junior secured term loan facility (the “Junior Term Loan”).
Outlook
Outdoor Recreation Industry

The outdoor recreation industry represents a large and growing focus area of our business. During the past and current fiscal years, we have seen a challenging retail environment as evidenced by recent bankruptcies and consolidation of certain of our customers. This challenging retail environment has been driven by a shift in consumer preferences to online platforms, as well as other market pressures that resulted in deeper discounting of our products. These market pressures became particularly pronounced during the latter half of fiscal 2017 and have continued longer than we previously anticipated. Given these market conditions, we continue to take appropriate actions by reducing certain purchases of sourced products and output of manufactured products. We hold a strong competitive position in the market-place, and we intend to further differentiate our brands through focused R&D and marketing investments including increased use of social media and revamping our brand websites as we strive to become our customers’ brand of choice in their respective outdoor recreation activities. We are also continuing to expand our e-commerce presence to capitalize on the ongoing shift by consumers to online shopping and drive growth across business-to-business, dot com, dropship, and direct-to-consumer channels.

Shooting Sports Industry

Shooting sports related products currently represent approximately half of our sales. We design, develop, manufacture, and source ammunition, long guns and related equipment. Among these categories, we derive the largest portion of our sales from ammunition, which is a consumable, repeat purchase product. During late fiscal 2015 and continuing into fiscal 2016, firearms and ammunition sales experienced an unprecedented increase driven primarily by increasing participation rates and the political environment. The market for shooting sports products softened dramatically following the 2016 United States presidential election and has not yet recovered. The current political climate, the timing of national elections, and other market factors may cause the current market downturn to last longer than prior cycles. We believe we are well-positioned to succeed in a difficult shooting sports market, given our scale and global operating platform, which we believe is difficult to replicate in the highly regulated and capital intensive ammunition manufacturing sector.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We re-evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following are our critical accounting estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

The total amount of revenue we recognize for the sale of our products reflects various sales adjustments for discounts, returns, refunds, allowances, rebates, and other customer incentives. These sales adjustments can vary based on market conditions, customer preferences, timing of customer payments, volume of products sold, and timing of new product launches. These adjustments require management to make reasonable estimates of the amount we expect to receive from the customer. We estimate sales adjustments by customer or by product category on the basis of our historical experience with similar contracts with customers, adjusted as necessary to reflect current facts and circumstances and our expectations for the future. Sales taxes, firearms and ammunition excise tax and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain an allowance for doubtful receivables for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We provide an allowance for specific customer accounts where collection is doubtful and also provide an allowance for customer deductions based on historical collection and write-off experience. Additional allowances would be required if the financial conditions of our customers deteriorated.

Inventories

Our inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We evaluate the quantities of inventory held against past and future demand and market conditions to determine excess or slow moving inventory. For each product category, we estimate the market value of the inventory comprising that category based on current and projected selling prices. If the projected market value is less than cost, we provide an allowance to reflect the lower value of the inventory. This methodology recognizes projected inventory losses at the time such losses are evident rather than at the time goods are actually sold. The projected market value of the inventory may decrease due to consumer preferences, legislative changes, or loss of key contracts among other events.

Income Taxes
Provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes are calculated based on reported pre-tax earnings and current tax law. Such provisions differ from the amounts currently receivable or payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes. Significant judgment is required in determining income tax provisions and evaluating tax positions. We periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies for all periods that are currently open to examination or have not been effectively settled based on the most current available information. Where it is not more likely than not that our tax position will be sustained, we record the entire resulting tax liability and when it is more likely than not of being sustained, we record our best estimate of the resulting tax liability. As per our policy, any applicable interest and penalties related to these positions are also recorded in the consolidated financial statements. To the extent our assessment of the tax outcome of these matters changes, such change in estimate will impact the income tax provision in the period of the change.
Deferred tax assets are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Significant estimates are required for this analysis. If we determine it is not more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded. Changes in the amounts of valuation allowance are recorded in the tax provision in the period when the change occurs.



29

Acquisitions
The results of acquired businesses are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. We allocate the purchase price of an acquired business to the underlying tangible and intangible acquired assets and liabilities assumed based on their fair value. Estimates are used in determining the fair value and estimated remaining lives of intangible assets until the final purchase price allocation is completed. Actual fair values and remaining lives of intangible assets may vary from those estimates. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
Acquisition of Action Sports—On April 1, 2016, we completed the acquisition of BRG Sports Inc.’s Action Sports division, operated by Bell Sports Corp. ("Action Sports"). The acquisition includes brands Bell, Giro, Blackburn, CoPilot, Krash, and Raskullz. Under the terms of the transaction, we paid $400,000, subject to customary working capital adjustments, utilizing cash on hand and borrowings under our existing credit facilities, and additional contingent consideration is payable if certain incremental profitability growth milestones within the Bell Powersports product line are achieved. We determined a value of the future contingent consideration as of the acquisition date of $4,272 using a risk-neutral Monte Carlo simulation in an option pricing framework; the total amount actually paid may differ from this value. The option pricing model requires us to make assumptions including the risk-free rate, expected volatility, profitability growth, and expected life. The risk-free rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term that approximates the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The expected option life is based on the contractual term of the agreement. Expected volatility is based on the average volatility of similar public companies' stock over the past two years. The profitability growth is based on simulated estimates of future performance of the business using a geometric Brownian risk-neutral framework. As of March 31, 2019, there was no liability recognized for the future contingent consideration. The decrease from the original estimate was a result of not meeting the agreed-upon profitability milestones and the likelihood of achieving future profitability milestones.

Action Sports remains headquartered in Scotts Valley, California and operates facilities in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Asia. The purchase price allocation was completed during the quarter ended March 31, 2017. A portion of the goodwill generated in this acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.

Acquisition of Camp Chef—On September 1, 2016, we completed the acquisition of privately owned Logan Outdoor Products, LLC and Peak Trades, LLC ("Camp Chef"), a leading provider of outdoor cooking solutions. Under the terms of the transaction, we paid $60,000 subject to customary working capital adjustments, utilizing cash on hand and borrowings under our existing credit facility. An additional $4,000 was deferred and is payable in equal installments after the first, second and third anniversary of the closing date, and approximately $10,000 is payable over a three-year period from the closing date if certain incremental growth milestones are met and key members of Camp Chef management continue their employment with us through the respective milestone dates. The approximately $10,000 is being expensed over the three-year measurement period and is paid in equal installments as each milestone is achieved. The growth milestones were met for the first two years, and therefore we paid $3,371 during both fiscal 2019, and 2018, respectively. The purchase price allocation for this acquisition was finalized in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. A majority of the goodwill generated in this acquisition is deductible for tax purposes. Camp Chef is an immaterial acquisition to our company.

Accounting for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles:
We test goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment on the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the asset might be impaired. We have determined that the reporting units on a standalone basis for our goodwill impairment review are our operating segments, or components of an operating segment, that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available, and for which segment management regularly reviews the operating results. We then evaluate these components to determine if they are similar and should be aggregated into one reporting unit for testing purposes. Based on this analysis, we have identified five reporting units, as of the fiscal 2019 testing date.
For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess.
The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using both an income and market approach. The value estimated using a discounted cash flow model is weighted equally against the estimated value derived from the guideline company market approach method. This market approach method estimates the price reasonably expected to be realized from the sale of the reporting unit based on comparable companies.
In developing the discounted cash flow analysis, our assumptions about future revenues and expenses, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital are based on our plan, as reviewed by the Board of Directors, and assume a

30

terminal growth rate thereafter. A separate discount rate is determined for each reporting unit and these cash flows are then discounted to determine the fair value of the reporting unit.
Our identifiable intangibles with indefinite lives consist of certain trademarks and tradenames ("tradenames"). The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the specific tradename with its carrying value. The fair value of these assets is measured using the relief-from-royalty method which assumes that the asset has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them. This method requires that we estimate the future revenue and profit for the related brands and technology, the appropriate royalty rate, and the weighted average cost of capital. We base our fair values and estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. If the carrying amount of a tradename is higher than its fair value, an impairment exists and the asset would be recorded at the fair value.
Projecting discounted future cash flows requires us to make significant estimates regarding future revenues and expenses, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the appropriate discount rate. The projections also take into account several factors including current and estimated economic trends and outlook, costs of raw materials and other factors that are beyond our control. If the current economic conditions were to deteriorate, or if we were to lose significant business, causing a reduction in estimated discounted cash flows, it is possible that the estimated fair value of certain reporting units or tradenames could fall below their carrying value resulting in the necessity to conduct additional impairment tests in future periods. We continually monitor the reporting units and tradenames for impairment indicators and update assumptions used in the most recent calculation of the estimated fair value of a reporting unit or tradenames as appropriate.
Results of our Interim Testing
During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we made a decision to sell the legal entities comprising our firearms business, which is part of our Shooting Sports segment and comprises our firearms reporting unit. The decision to sell this business reflects our ongoing review of our portfolio of brands to focus on assets that are core to our mission and strategy. We determined the carrying value exceeded the fair value which resulted in a goodwill impairment related to our Firearms reporting unit of $80,604.
During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we recorded a $429,395 impairment of goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our Hunting and Shooting Accessories, Outdoor Recreation, and Action Sports reporting units. In each impaired reporting unit, our estimate of fair value was negatively impacted by the lower projected sales, resulting in reduced cash flows for those businesses in fiscal year 2020 and beyond. Our estimates of the fair values of these reporting units was also significantly reduced by increases in prevailing interest rates, which required that we apply a higher discount rate in the income-based valuation approach, and by lower valuation multiples implied by recent trading prices for the common stock of comparable publicly traded companies, which required that we apply lower valuation multiples in estimating the fair value of these reporting units using the market-based approach.
The excess carrying amount over fair value, and resulting goodwill impairment, in our Hunting and Shooting Accessories reporting unit was $38,386. As a result of the goodwill impairment, there is no remaining goodwill in our Hunting and Shooting Accessories reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 9% and a terminal growth rate of 3%. During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we also performed an interim test for indefinite-lived tradename impairment and recorded a $36,223 impairment related to our Bushnell, Outers, Champion, and Weaver's tradenames. We determined the fair values of the indefinite-lived tradenames using royalty rates ranging from 1.0% to 2.0%.

The excess carrying amount over fair value, and resulting goodwill impairment, in our Outdoor Recreation reporting unit was $129,470. As a result of the goodwill impairment, there is $121,329 of remaining goodwill in our Outdoor Recreation reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 9% and a terminal growth rate of 3%. During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we also performed an interim test for indefinite-lived tradename impairment and recorded a $43,400 impairment related to our CamelBak tradename. We determined the fair value of the indefinite-lived tradename using a royalty rate of 2.0%. Should the challenging retail environment last longer or be deeper than expected or if new product developments do not succeed, or if the discount rate were to increase, it is possible that the estimated fair value of this reporting unit could fall below its carrying value, which could necessitate further impairment of the goodwill and indefinite-lived tradename in this reporting unit.

The excess carrying amount over fair value, and resulting goodwill impairment, in our Action Sports reporting unit was $159,916. As a result of the goodwill impairment, there is no remaining goodwill in our Action Sports reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 9% and a terminal growth rate of 3%. During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we also performed an interim test for indefinite-lived

31

tradename impairment and recorded a $22,000 impairment related to our Giro tradename. We determined the fair value of the indefinite-lived tradenames using royalty rates ranging from 1.0% to 1.5%.

Results of our fiscal 2019 Annual Impairment Test

As discussed above, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill and intangible impairment test during the quarter ended December 30, 2018. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company then completed its annual impairment test and fair value analysis of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2018, and determined based on a qualitative assessment that is was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units was more than their carrying value.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

Assets and liabilities held for sale represent components and businesses that meet accounting requirements to be classified as held for sale and are presented as single asset and liability amounts in our consolidated balances sheets at the lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell.  We assess all businesses and assets held for sale each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale to determine whether the existing carrying amounts are fully recoverable in comparison to estimated fair values. Determination of recoverability of assets to be held and used is by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future net undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the assets. The remeasurement of assets and liabilities held for sale is classified as a Level 3 fair value assessment as described in Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments. During fiscal year 2019, we recorded impairment charges on held for sale assets of $39,634 related to our firearms business, and $44,921 related to our Eyewear Brands business which was divested during the second quarter of fiscal year 2019.

New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report for discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

32

Results of Operations
The following information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements. Our primary measure of segment profitability is gross profit. The presentation of the components of our gross profit in the tables below are consistent with the way our chief operating decision maker reviews the results of our operations and makes strategic decisions about our business.
Each operating segment's totals for net sales, and gross profit, exclude intercompany sales and profit.
Please see Part III, Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on May 18, 2018 for the results of operations for Fiscal 2018 compared to Fiscal 2017 and for other financial information related to Fiscal 2017.
Fiscal 2019 Compared to Fiscal 2018
Net Sales
The following is a summary of each segment's net sales:
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Outdoor Products
$
990,006

 
$
1,149,106

 
$
(159,100
)
 
(13.8
)%
Shooting Sports
1,068,522

 
1,159,357

 
(90,835
)
 
(7.8
)%
Total sales
$
2,058,528

 
$
2,308,463

 
$
(249,935
)
 
(10.8
)%
The total change in net sales was driven by the changes within the segments as described below.
Outdoor Products—The decrease in net sales was primarily due to lower sales from our Eyewear Brand's business in the current fiscal year compared to the prior fiscal year due to our sale of the Eyewear Brands business in the second quarter of this fiscal year. In addition, our hunting and shooting accessories, hydration, and action sports businesses had lower sales as a result of lower demand and market softness. These declines were partially offset by increased net sales in our outdoor cooking business.
Shooting Sports—The decrease in net sales was driven primarily by lower demand in the market for rimfire and centerfire ammunition and by a decrease in international sales.
Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit
The following is a summary of each segment's cost of goods sold and gross profit:
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
 
 
Cost of Goods Sold
2019
 
2018
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Outdoor Products
$
752,041

 
$
861,996

 
$
(109,955
)
 
(12.8
)%
Shooting Sports
890,736

 
924,976

 
(34,240
)
 
(3.7
)%
Corporate
63

 
529

 
(466
)
 
(88.1
)%
Total
$
1,642,840

 
$
1,787,501

 
$
(144,661
)
 
(8.1
)%
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
 
 
Gross Profit
2019
 
2018
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Outdoor Products
$
237,966

 
$
287,110

 
$
(49,144
)
 
(17.1
)%
Shooting Sports
177,785

 
234,381

 
(56,596
)
 
(24.1
)%
Corporate
(63
)
 
(529
)
 
466

 
(88.1
)%
Total
$
415,688

 
$
520,962

 
$
(105,274
)
 
(20.2
)%
The total changes in cost of goods sold and gross profit were driven by the changes within the segments as described below.
Outdoor Products—The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to the sale of our Eyewear Brands business in the second quarter of the fiscal year and lower sales volume as discussed above.

33

Shooting Sports—The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to unfavorable commodity costs, lower sales volume as discussed above, and lower pricing.
Corporate—The increase in corporate gross profit was not material.
Operating Expenses
The following is a summary of our operating expenses:
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
 
2019
 
%
of Sales
 
2018
 
%
of Sales
 
Change
Research and development
$
27,742

 
1.3
%
 
$
29,663

 
1.3
%
 
$
(1,921
)
Selling, general, and administrative
377,049

 
18.3
%
 
423,430

 
18.3
%
 
(46,381
)
Impairment of goodwill and intangibles
456,023

 
22.2
%
 
152,444

 
6.6
%
 
303,579

Impairment of held-for-sale goodwill
80,604

 
3.9
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
80,604

Impairment of held-for-sale assets
84,555

 
4.1
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
84,555

Total
$
1,025,973

 
49.8
%
 
$
605,537

 
26.2
%
 
$
420,436

Operating expenses increased $420,436 primarily due to an impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and an impairment of held-for-sale assets during this fiscal year. The increase was partially offset by lower selling costs, and a decrease in operating expenses associated with our Eyewear Brand business which was sold in the second quarter of fiscal 2019.
Net Interest Expense
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Interest expense
$
57,191

 
$
49,214

 
$
7,977

 
16.2
%
The increase in interest expense was due to the write-off of debt issuance costs and a higher average interest rate in the current period, partially offset by a decrease in our average debt balance.
Income Tax Provision
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
 
2019
 
Effective
Rate
 
2018
 
Effective
Rate
 
Change
Income tax provision (benefit)
$
(25,829
)
 
3.8
%
 
$
(73,557
)
 
55.0
%
 
$
47,728

The decrease in the current period tax rate is primarily due to the income tax effects of Tax Legislation in the prior year and a lower impact in the current year for the nondeductible goodwill impairment.
In assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. As a result of the impairment charges in the current year, we are in a cumulative loss position for the three year period ending March 31, 2019. A cumulative loss position is considered significant negative evidence in assessing the realizability of a deferred tax asset that is difficult to overcome when determining whether a valuation allowance is required. Considering the weight of all available positive and negative evidence, we do not believe the positive evidence overcomes the negative evidence of our cumulative loss position. Therefore, we have established a valuation allowance of $32,801 during the current year for a total valuation allowance of $35,903 at March 31, 2019.
Our provision for income taxes includes federal, state and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2019 of 3.8% differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of the nondeductible goodwill impairment charge and the change in valuation allowance.
The effective tax rate for fiscal 2018 of 55.0% differs from the federal statutory rate of 31.6% primarily due to the impact of the Tax Legislation partially offset by the nondeductible goodwill impairment.


34

On February 9, 2015, we entered into a Tax Matters Agreement with Orbital ATK that governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of Vista Outdoor and Orbital ATK following the distribution of all of the shares of our common stock on a pro rata basis to the holders of Alliant Techsystems Inc. common stock (the “Spin-Off”) with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, tax contests and other tax sharing regarding U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, other tax matters and related tax returns. We have joint and several liability with Orbital ATK to the IRS for the consolidated U.S. federal income taxes of the Orbital ATK consolidated group relating to the taxable periods in which we were part of that group. However, the Tax Matters Agreement specifies the portion, if any, of this tax liability for which we bear responsibility, and Orbital ATK agrees to indemnify us against any amounts for which we are not responsible. The Tax Matters Agreement also provides special rules for allocating tax liabilities in the event that the Spin-Off is determined not to be tax-free. Though valid between the parties, the Tax Matters Agreement is not binding on the IRS.

The allocation of tax liabilities for the period from April 1, 2014 through the date of the Spin-Off was settled on June 15, 2018. Orbital ATK paid Vista Outdoor $13,047 to settle this matter, which was reflected as an adjustment to the distribution from Vista Outdoor to Orbital ATK at the time of the Spin-Off.

Prior to the Spin-Off, Orbital ATK or one of its subsidiaries filed income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various U.S. state jurisdictions that included Vista Outdoor. In addition, certain of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in foreign jurisdictions. After the Spin-Off we file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, foreign and various U.S. state jurisdictions. With a few exceptions, Orbital ATK and its subsidiaries and Vista Outdoor are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities prior to 2012. The IRS has completed the audits of Orbital ATK through fiscal 2014 and is currently auditing Orbital ATK's tax return for fiscal 2015. The IRS has also completed the audit of our tax return that begins after the Spin-Off and ends on March 31, 2015. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding issues relating to our portion of these returns have been made for all remaining open years in all jurisdictions.
As of March 31, 2019, and 2018, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $34,118 and $39,383, respectively, of which $30,432 and $35,471, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized. The remaining balance is related to deferred tax items which only impact the timing of tax payments. Although the timing and outcome of audit settlements are uncertain, it is reasonably possible that an $8,558 reduction of the uncertain tax benefits will occur in the next 12 months. The settlement of these unrecognized tax benefits could result in earnings from $0 to $7,542. See Note 15, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We manage our business to maximize operating cash flows as the primary source of liquidity. In addition to cash on hand and cash generated by operations, sources of liquidity include committed credit facilities and access to the public debt and equity markets. We use our cash primarily to fund investments in our existing businesses and for debt repayment, acquisitions, and other activities.
Cash Flow Summary
Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows:
 
2019
 
2018
Cash flows provided by operating activities
$
97,475

 
$
252,355

Cash flows provided by (used) for investing activities
112,718

 
(66,499
)
Cash flows provided by (used for) financing activities
(211,110
)
 
(208,550
)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on cash
(18
)
 
489

Net cash flows
$
(935
)
 
$
(22,205
)
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $97,475 in fiscal 2019 compared to $252,355 in fiscal 2018. This decrease of $154,880 was primarily a result of decreased gross profit and less favorable changes in net working capital balances. The change in net working capital was driven primarily by increases in net inventories, partially offset by the collection of customer receivables.

35

Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $112,718 in fiscal 2019 compared to $66,499 used for investing activities in fiscal 2018. This change of $179,217 was driven by the sale of our Eyewear Brands business and a decrease in capital expenditures in the current fiscal year.
Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities was $211,110 in the current year compared to $208,550 in the prior year, a change of $2,560. The change from the prior-year period was primarily driven by additional debt payments and debt issuance costs in fiscal 2019, and a decrease of proceeds from the issuance of stock options from the prior year, partially offset by a favorable settlement with our former parent in the current year.
Liquidity
In addition to our normal operating cash requirements, our principal future cash requirements will be to fund capital expenditures, debt repayments, employee benefit obligations, any share repurchases, and any strategic acquisitions. Our short-term cash requirements for operations are expected to consist mainly of capital expenditures to maintain production facilities and working capital requirements. Our debt service requirements over the next two years consist of required interest and principal payments due under the New Credit Facilities and our 5.875% Notes, as discussed further below.
Based on our current financial condition, management believes that our cash position, combined with anticipated generation of cash flows and the availability of funding, if needed, under our ABL Revolving Credit Facility, access to debt and equity markets, as well as potential future sources of funding including additional bank financing, will be adequate to fund future growth and as to service our currently anticipated long-term debt and pension obligations and make capital expenditures over the next 12 months.
We do not expect that our access to liquidity sources will be materially impacted in the near future. There can be no assurance, however, that the cost or availability of future borrowings, if any, will not be materially impacted by capital market conditions or the company's financial condition and performance.
The allocation of tax liabilities for the period from April 1, 2014 through the date of the Spin-Off as required by the Tax Matters Agreement with Orbital ATK, as discussed further in Note 15, Income Taxes, was settled on June 15, 2018. Orbital ATK paid us $13,047 to settle this matter, which was reflected as an adjustment to the distribution from us to Orbital ATK at the time of the Spin-off.
Long-Term Debt and Credit Agreements
As of March 31, 2019, we had actual total indebtedness of $714,509, which consisted of the following:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
March 31, 2018
 2018 Credit Agreements:
 
 
 
 
Revolving Credit Facility
 
$
220,000

 
$
—

Term Loan
 
104,509

 
—

2016 Credit Agreement:
 
 
 
 
Term Loan
 
—

 
576,000

Revolving Credit Facility
 
—

 
—

Total principal amount of Credit Agreements
 
324,509

 
576,000

Junior Term Loan
 
40,000

 
—

5.875% Senior Notes
 
350,000

 
350,000

Principal amount of long-term debt
 
714,509

 
926,000

Less: unamortized deferred financing costs
 
(10,504
)
 
(10,601
)
Carrying amount of long-term debt
 
704,005

 
915,399

Less: current portion
 
(19,335
)
 
(32,000
)
Carrying amount of long-term debt, excluding current portion
 
$
684,670

 
$
883,399

Our total debt (current portion of debt and long-term debt) as a percentage of total capitalization (total debt and stockholders' equity) was 54% as of March 31, 2019.

36

See Note 13, Long-term Debt, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 for a detailed discussion of our borrowings.
Covenants
New Credit Facilities—Our New Credit Facilities impose restrictions on us, including limitations on our ability to pay cash dividends, incur debt or liens, redeem or repurchase Vista Outdoor stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, make investments, merge or consolidate with others or dispose of assets. In addition, the New Credit Facilities contain financial covenants requiring us to (a) maintain Excess Availability under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility of $45,000 at all times before all amounts owing under the Term Loan Facility and the Junior Term Loan Facility have been paid in full, (b) maintain a Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ("FCCR"), as defined below, of not less than 1.15:1.00 for any fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ending on March 31, 2019 until the fiscal quarter ending immediately prior to the date the Term Loan Facility and the Junior Term Loan Facility have been paid in full, and (c) maintain a FCCR of not less than 1.00:1.00 for any fiscal quarter ending after the Term Loan Facility and the Junior Term Loan Facility have been paid in full if Excess Availability falls below certain levels. If we do not comply with the covenants in any of the New Credit Facilities, the lenders may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding under each of the New Credit Facilities.
The FCCR is Covenant EBITDA ("Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization," which includes adjustments for items such as non-recurring or extraordinary items, non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation, and intangible asset impairment charges, as well as adjustments for acquired or divested business units on a pro forma basis) less capital expenditures (subject to certain adjustments) for the past four fiscal quarters, divided by fixed charges (which includes debt principal and interest payments paid since October 28, 2018, annualized; plus income tax payments and restricted payments over the past four fiscal quarters). As of March 31, 2019, our FCCR was 1.93.
5.875% Notes—The indenture governing the 5.875% Notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur or permit to exist certain liens, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, consolidate, amalgamate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock, prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt and make loans and investments. A failure to comply with the covenants in the indenture could result in an event of default, which could allow the holders of the 5.875% Notes to accelerate the 5.875% Notes. We may not have sufficient liquidity to repay the 5.875% Notes in such circumstances.
The 2018 Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the 5.875% Notes contain cross-default provisions so that non-compliance with the covenants within one debt agreement could cause a default under other debt agreements as well. As of March 31, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenants and expect to be in compliance for the foreseeable future. However, our business, financial position and results of operations are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including some that may be beyond our control, and we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to comply with all such financial covenants in the future. For example, during periods in which we experience declines in sales or otherwise experience the adverse impact of seasonality, we may not be able to comply with such financial covenants.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following tables summarize our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of March 31, 2019:
 
 
 
Payments due by period
 
Total
 
Less than
1 year
 
Years 2 - 3
 
Years 4 - 5
 
More than
5 years
Contractual obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
$
714,509

 
$
19,335

 
$
38,670

 
$
656,504

 
$
—

Interest on debt (1)
203,297

 
43,648

 
85,676

 
73,973

 
—

Operating leases
125,457

 
18,949

 
27,385

 
20,478

 
58,645

Purchase commitments
214,941

 
178,810

 
36,131

 
—

 
—

Pension and other PRB plan contributions
39,940

 
3,950

 
13,784

 
14,362

 
7,844

Total contractual obligations
$
1,298,144

 
$
264,692

 
$
201,646

 
$
765,317

 
$
66,489



37

 
 
 
Commitment Expiration by period
 
Total
 
Less than
1 year
 
Years 2 - 3
 
Years 4 - 5
Other commercial commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Letters of credit
$
24,818

 
$
24,818

 
$
—

 
$
—

________________________________
(1)
Includes interest on variable rate debt calculated based on interest rates at March 31, 2019.
The total liability for uncertain tax positions at March 31, 2019 was approximately $34,118 (see Note 15, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this report), $0 of which could be paid within 12 months. We are unable to provide a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of future payments relating to the non-current uncertain tax position obligations.
Pension plan contributions are an estimate of the contributions we will make to the plans through fiscal 2027 to provide pension benefits for employees based on expected actuarial estimated funding requirements through fiscal 2027.
Contingencies
Litigation—From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits, which arise out of, and are incidental to, the conduct of our business. We do not consider any of such proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
Environmental Liabilities—Our operations and ownership or use of real property are subject to a number of federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, as well as applicable foreign laws and regulations, including those governing the discharge of hazardous materials, remediation of contaminated sites, and restoration of damage to the environment. We are obligated to conduct investigation and/or remediation activities at certain sites that we own or operate or formerly owned or operated.
We have been identified as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”), along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, we may be required to pay a share of the costs of the investigation and clean-up of these sites. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available information, we have concluded that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
See Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information.
Inflation and Commodity Price Risk
In management’s opinion, inflation has not had a significant impact upon the results of our operations. However, we have been impacted by changes in the prices of raw materials used in production as well as changes in oil and energy costs. In particular, the prices of commodity metals, such as copper, zinc, and lead continue to be volatile. These prices generally impact our Shooting Sports Segment.
We have a strategic sourcing, pricing and hedging strategy to mitigate risk from commodity price fluctuation. We will continue to evaluate the need for future price changes in light of these trends, our competitive landscape, and our financial results. If our sourcing and pricing strategy is unable to offset impacts of the commodity price fluctuations, our future results from operations and cash flows would be materially impacted.


38

ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. To mitigate the risks from interest rate exposure, we may enter into hedging transactions, mainly interest rate swaps, through derivative financial instruments that have been authorized pursuant to corporate policies. We may use derivatives to hedge certain interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and commodity price risks, but do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Additional information regarding the financial instruments is contained in Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to the audited consolidated financial statements. Our objective in managing exposure to changes in interest rates is to limit the impact of such changes on earnings and cash flow.
We measure market risk related to holdings of financial instruments based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential loss in fair values, cash flows, and earnings based on a hypothetical change (increase and decrease) in interest rates. We used current market rates on the debt portfolio to perform the sensitivity analysis. Certain items such as lease contracts, insurance contracts, and obligations for pension and other postretirement benefits were not included in the analysis.
We conduct business through our subsidiaries in many different countries, and fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a significant impact on the reported results of operations, which are presented in U.S. dollars. Cross-border transactions, both with external parties and intercompany relationships, result in increased exposure to foreign exchange effects. Accordingly, significant changes in currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro, the British pound, the Chinese renminbi (yuan), and the Canadian dollar, could cause fluctuations in the reported results of our businesses’ operations that could negatively affect our results of operations. To mitigate the risks from foreign currency exposure, we may enter into hedging transactions, mainly foreign currency forward contracts, through derivative financial instruments that have been authorized pursuant to corporate policies.

In addition, sales and expenses of our non-U.S. businesses are also translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes and the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar could result in unfavorable translation effects.



39

ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Vista Outdoor Inc.    

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vista Outdoor Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated May 23, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Salt Lake City, Utah
May 23, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

40


VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
 
March 31
(Amounts in thousands except share data)
 
2019
 
2018
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
21,935

 
$
22,870

Net receivables
 
344,249

 
421,763

Net inventories
 
344,491

 
382,278

Income tax receivable
 
—

 
3,379

Assets held for sale
 
207,607

 
200,440

Other current assets
 
21,180

 
27,962

Total current assets
 
939,462

 
1,058,692

Net property, plant, and equipment
 
215,592

 
277,207

Goodwill
 
204,496

 
657,536

Net intangible assets
 
360,520

 
592,279

Deferred charges and other non-current assets
 
17,953

 
29,122

Total assets
 
$
1,738,023

 
$
2,614,836

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
 
$
19,335

 
$
32,000

Accounts payable
 
99,283

 
114,549

Accrued compensation
 
36,456

 
36,346

Accrued income taxes
 
436

 
—

Federal excise tax
 
18,482

 
22,701

Liabilities held for sale
 
46,030

 
42,177

Other accrued liabilities
 
97,175

 
97,447

Total current liabilities
 
317,197

 
345,220

Long-term debt
 
684,670

 
883,399

Deferred income tax liabilities
 
17,757

 
66,196

Accrued pension and postemployment benefits
 
46,083

 
38,196

Other long-term liabilities
 
63,276

 
64,335

Total liabilities
 
1,128,983

 
1,397,346

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 13 and 16)
 

 

Common stock—$.01 par value:
 
 
 
 
Authorized—500,000,000 shares
 
 
 
 
Issued and outstanding—57,710,934 shares at March 31, 2019 and 57,431,299 shares at March 31, 2018
 
577

 
574

Additional paid-in-capital
 
1,752,419

 
1,746,182

Accumulated deficit
 
(804,969
)
 
(156,526
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(82,967
)
 
(104,296
)
Common stock in treasury, at cost—6,253,505 shares held at March 31, 2019 and 6,533,140 shares held at March 31, 2018
 
(256,020
)
 
(268,444
)
Total stockholders' equity
 
609,040

 
1,217,490

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
1,738,023

 
$
2,614,836

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

41


VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
Years Ended March 31
(Amounts in thousands except per share data)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Sales, net
 
$
2,058,528

 
$
2,308,463

 
$
2,546,892

Cost of sales
 
1,642,840

 
1,787,501

 
1,877,706

Gross profit
 
415,688

 
520,962

 
669,186

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
 
27,742

 
29,663

 
32,769

Selling, general, and administrative
 
377,049

 
423,430

 
424,269

Acquisition claim settlement gain, net
 
—

 
—

 
(30,027
)
Impairment of goodwill and intangibles
 
456,023

 
152,444

 
449,199

Impairment of held-for-sale goodwill
 
80,604

 
—

 
—

  Impairment of held-for-sale assets (Notes 6 and 7)
 
84,555

 
—

 
—

Income (loss) before other expense, interest, and income taxes
 
(610,285
)
 
(84,575
)
 
(207,024
)
Other expense
 
(6,796
)
 
—

 
—

Income (loss) before interest and income taxes
 
(617,081
)
 
(84,575
)
 
(207,024
)
Interest expense, net
 
(57,191
)
 
(49,214
)
 
(43,670
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
(674,272
)
 
(133,789
)
 
(250,694
)
Income tax provision (benefit)
 
(25,829
)
 
(73,557
)
 
23,760

Net income (loss)
 
$
(648,443
)
 
$
(60,232
)
 
$
(274,454
)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(11.27
)
 
$
(1.05
)
 
$
(4.66
)
Diluted
 
$
(11.27
)
 
$
(1.05
)
 
$
(4.66
)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
57,544

 
57,167

 
58,911

Diluted
 
57,544

 
57,167

 
58,911

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) (from above)
 
$
(648,443
)
 
$
(60,232
)
 
$
(274,454
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassification of prior service credits for pension and postretirement benefit plans recorded to net income, net of tax benefit of $75, $240, and $648
 
(238
)
 
(432
)
 
(1,096
)
Reclassification of net actuarial loss for pension and postretirement benefit plans recorded to net income, net of tax expense of $(686), $(1,420), and $(2,936)
 
2,172

 
2,661

 
4,944

Valuation adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax benefit (expense) of $3,141, $347, and $(1,716)
 
(9,948
)
 
(47
)
 
2,890

Change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax benefit of $369, $(772), and $0
 
(1,169
)
 
1,734

 
—

Reclassification of currency translation gains
 
37,542

 
—

 
—

Change in cumulative translation adjustment
 
(7,030
)
 
16,519

 
(9,516
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
21,329

 
20,435

 
(2,778
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
(627,114
)
 
$
(39,797
)
 
$
(277,232
)

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

42


VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
 
Years Ended March 31
(Amounts in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
(648,443
)
 
$
(60,232
)
 
$
(274,454
)
Adjustments to net income (loss) to arrive at cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
 
53,129

 
55,090

 
54,157

Amortization of intangible assets
 
24,374

 
34,669

 
39,622

Deferred financing costs expensed
 
10,573

 
3,026

 
4,125

Impairment of held-for-sale assets
 
84,555

 
—

 
—

Impairment of held-for-sale goodwill
 
80,604

 
—

 
—

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles
 
456,023

 
152,444

 
449,199

Deferred income taxes
 
(22,718
)
 
(78,989
)
 
(22,470
)
Loss on disposal of property
 
14,081

 
129

 
239

Loss on disposition
 
4,925

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation
 
6,599

 
9,299

 
12,648

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisition of businesses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net receivables
 
30,998

 
5,733

 
63,101

Net inventories
 
(7,102
)
 
155,526

 
(85,680
)
Accounts payable
 
540

 
(1,633
)
 
(54,055
)
Accrued compensation
 
2,563

 
6,822

 
(17,928
)
Accrued income taxes
 
4,907

 
24,915

 
(26,689
)
Federal excise tax
 
407

 
(7,440
)
 
2,437

Pension and other postretirement benefits
 
(2,657
)
 
(22,850
)
 
1,006

Other assets and liabilities
 
4,117

 
(24,154
)
 
13,143

Cash provided by operating activities
 
97,475

 
252,355

 
158,401

Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
 
(42,242
)
 
(66,627
)
 
(90,665
)
Proceeds from the sale of Eyewear Brands
 
154,595

 
—

 
—

Acquisition of business net of cash acquired
 
—

 
—

 
(458,149
)
Proceeds from the disposition of property, plant, and equipment
 
365

 
128

 
135

Cash provided by (used) for investing activities
 
112,718

 
(66,499
)
 
(548,679
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings on line of credit
 
545,000

 
250,000

 
555,000

Payments of line of credit
 
(325,000
)
 
(425,000
)
 
(380,000
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 
149,343

 
—

 
307,500

Payments made on long-term debt
 
(580,834
)
 
(32,000
)
 
(32,000
)
Payment from former parent
 
13,047

 
—

 
—

Payments made for debt issue costs
 
(10,376
)
 
(1,879
)
 
(3,660
)
Purchase of treasury shares
 
—

 
—

 
(151,850
)
Deferred payments for acquisitions
 
(1,348
)
 
(1,348
)
 
(7,136
)
Proceeds from employee stock compensation plans
 
376

 
4,824

 
75

Shares withheld for payroll taxes
 
(1,318
)
 
(3,147
)
 
(3,713
)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 
(211,110
)
 
(208,550
)
 
284,216

Effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on cash
 
(18
)
 
489

 
(555
)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
(935
)
 
(22,205
)
 
(106,617
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 
22,870

 
45,075

 
151,692

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
$
21,935

 
$
22,870

 
$
45,075

Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncash investing activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
 
$
7,430

 
$
5,706

 
$
8,247

   See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

43

VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
Common Stock $.01 Par Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Amounts in thousands except share data)
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Total
Equity
Balance, March 31, 2016
 
60,825,914

 
$
608

 
$
1,743,371

 
$
166,421

 
$
(110,214
)
 
$
(140,019
)
 
$
1,660,167

Comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(274,454
)
 
(2,778
)
 
—

 
(277,232
)
Exercise of stock options
 
4,892

 
—

 
(147
)
 
—

 
—

 
222

 
75

Restricted stock grants net of forfeitures
 
(45,895
)
 
—

 
204

 
—

 
—

 
(567
)
 
(363
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
12,648

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12,648

Restricted stock vested and shares withheld
 
87,303

 
—

 
(5,385
)
 
—

 
—

 
3,466

 
(1,919
)
Employee stock purchase program
 
8,903

 
—

 
(194
)
 
—

 
—

 
369

 
175

Treasury stock purchased
 
(3,876,434
)
 
(39
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(151,071
)
 
(151,110
)
Other
 
9,636

 
2

 
2,406

 
—

 
—

 
216

 
2,624

Balance, March 31, 2017
 
57,014,319

 
571

 
1,752,903

 
(108,033
)
 
(112,992
)
 
(287,384
)
 
1,245,065

Comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(60,232
)
 
20,435

 
—

 
(39,797
)
Exercise of stock options
 
299,580

 
—

 
(7,566
)
 
—

 
—

 
12,390

 
4,824

Restricted stock grants net of forfeitures
 
(53,329
)
 
—

 
(1,503
)
 
—

 
—

 
(690
)
 
(2,193
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
9,299

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9,299

Restricted stock vested and shares withheld
 
132,362

 
—

 
(5,365
)
 
—

 
—

 
5,746

 
381

Employee stock purchase program
 
28,663

 
—

 
(687
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,182

 
495

Reclassification due to U.S. Tax Reform
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,739

 
(11,739
)
 
—

 
—

Other
 
9,704

 
3

 
(899
)
 
—

 
—

 
312

 
(584
)
Balance, March 31, 2018
 
57,431,299

 
574

 
1,746,182

 
(156,526
)
 
(104,296
)
 
(268,444
)
 
1,217,490

Comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(648,443
)
 
21,329

 
—

 
(627,114
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
6,701

 
—

 
—

 
(102
)
 
6,599

Restricted stock vested and shares withheld
 
188,434

 
—

 
(10,927
)
 
—

 
—

 
9,973

 
(954
)
Employee stock purchase program
 
31,519

 
—

 
(922
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,298

 
376

Settlement from former parent
 
—

 
—

 
13,047

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13,047

Other
 
59,682

 
3

 
(1,662
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,255

 
(404
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
 
57,710,934

 
$
577

 
$
1,752,419

 
$
(804,969
)
 
$
(82,967
)
 
$
(256,020
)
 
$
609,040

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

44

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
1. Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation. Vista Outdoor Inc. (together with our subsidiaries, "Vista Outdoor", "we", "our", and "us") is a leading global designer, manufacturer and marketer of consumer products in the growing outdoor sports and recreation markets. We operate in two segments, Outdoor Products and Shooting Sports. Vista Outdoor is headquartered in Anoka, Minnesota and has manufacturing and distribution facilities in 18 U.S. States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico along with international customer service, sales and sourcing operations in Asia, Canada, and Europe. Vista Outdoor was incorporated in Delaware in 2014. The consolidated financial statements reflect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include our net assets and results of operations as described above. All intercompany transactions and accounts within the businesses have been eliminated.

Fiscal Year. References in this report to a particular fiscal year refer to the year ended March 31 of that calendar year. Our interim quarterly periods are based on 13-week periods and end on Sundays.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition. The total amount of revenue we recognize for the sale of our products reflects various sales adjustments for discounts, returns, refunds, allowances, rebates, and other customer incentives. These sales adjustments can vary based on market conditions, customer preferences, timing of customer payments, volume of products sold, and timing of new product launches. These adjustments require management to make reasonable estimates of the amount we expect to receive from the customer. We estimate sales adjustments by customer or by product category on the basis of our historical experience with similar contracts with customers, adjusted as necessary to reflect current facts and circumstances and our expectations for the future. Sales taxes, firearms and ammunition excise tax and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue. Revenue recognition is discussed in further detail in Note 4, Revenue Recognition.

Cost of Sales. Cost of sales includes material, labor, and overhead costs associated with product manufacturing, including depreciation, amortization, purchasing and receiving, inspection, warehousing, product liability, warranty, and inbound and outbound shipping and handling costs.

Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs consist primarily of compensation and benefits and experimental work materials for our employees who are responsible for the development and enhancement of new and existing products. Research and development costs incurred to develop new products and to enhance existing products are charged to expense as incurred.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense includes, among other items, administrative salaries, benefits, commissions, advertising, insurance, and professional fees.

Advertising Costs. Advertising and promotional costs including print ads, commercials, catalogs, and brochures are expensed in the period when the first advertisement is run. Our co-op program is structured so that certain customers are eligible for reimbursement for certain types of advertisements on qualifying product purchases and are accrued as purchases are made. Advertising costs totaled $66,436, $69,636, and $72,324 for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid cash investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We maintain an allowance for doubtful receivables for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our trade customers to make required payments. We provide an allowance for specific customer accounts where collection is doubtful and also provide an allowance for customer deductions based on historical collection and write-off experience. Additional allowances would be required if the financial conditions of our customers deteriorated.

45

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)


Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, or net realizable value. Inventory costs associated with work in process inventory and finished goods include material, labor, and manufacturing overhead, while costs associated with raw materials and purchased finished goods include material and inbound freight costs. We provide inventory allowances for any excess and obsolete inventories and periodically write inventory amounts down to market when costs exceed market value.

Warranty Costs. We provide consumer warranties against manufacturing defects on certain products within the Shooting Sports and Outdoor Products segments with warranty periods typically ranging from one year to the expected lifetime of the product. The estimated costs of such product warranties are recorded at the time the sale is recorded. Estimated future warranty costs are accrued at the time of sale based upon actual past experience, our current production environment as well as specific and identifiable warranties as applicable. See Note 12, Other Current and Non-current Liabilities, for additional detail.

Accounting for Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets.

Goodwill—We test goodwill for impairment on the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the asset might be impaired. We have determined that the reporting units on a standalone basis for our goodwill impairment review are our operating segments, or components of an operating segment, that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available, and for which segment management regularly reviews the operating results. We then evaluate these components to determine if they are similar and should be aggregated into one reporting unit for testing purposes. Based on this analysis, we have identified five reporting units, as of the fiscal 2019 testing date.

For our goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess.

The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using both an income and market approach. The value estimated using a discounted cash flow model is weighted equally against the estimated value derived from the guideline company market approach method. This market approach method estimates the price reasonably expected to be realized from the sale of the reporting unit based on comparable companies.

In developing the discounted cash flow analysis, our assumptions about future revenues and expenses, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital are based on our plan, as reviewed by the Board of Directors, and assume a terminal growth rate thereafter. A separate discount rate is determined for each reporting unit and these cash flows are then discounted to determine the fair value of the reporting unit.

In developing the discounted cash flow analysis, our assumptions require us to make significant estimates regarding future revenues and expenses, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the appropriate discount rate. The projections also take into account several factors including current and estimated economic trends and outlook, costs of raw materials and other factors that are beyond our control. If the current economic conditions were to deteriorate, or if we were to lose significant business, causing a reduction in estimated discounted cash flows, it is possible that the estimated fair value of certain reporting units or tradenames could fall below their carrying value resulting in the necessity to conduct additional impairment tests in future periods. We continually monitor the reporting units and tradenames for impairment indicators and update assumptions used in the most recent calculation of the estimated fair value of a reporting unit or tradenames as appropriate.

Identifiable Intangible Assets—Our primary identifiable intangible assets include trademarks and tradenames, patented technology, and customer relationships. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized and evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Identifiable intangibles with indefinite lives are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually on the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if events warrant. Our identifiable intangibles with indefinite lives consist of certain trademarks and tradenames. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the estimated fair value of the specific intangible asset with its carrying value. The estimated fair value of these assets is measured using the relief-from-royalty method which assumes that the asset has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them.

46

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)


This method requires that we estimate the future revenue for the related brands and technology, the appropriate royalty rate, and the weighted average cost of capital. We base our fair values and estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. If the carrying amount of an asset is higher than its fair value, an impairment exists and the asset would be recorded at the estimated fair value.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale. Assets and liabilities held for sale represent components and businesses that meet accounting requirements to be classified as held for sale and are presented as single asset and liability amounts in our consolidated balances sheets at the lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell.  We assess all businesses and assets held for sale each reporting period they remain classified as held for sale to determine whether the existing carrying amounts are fully recoverable in comparison to estimated fair values.

Stock-Based Compensation. Our stock-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 17, Stockholders' Equity, provide for the grant of various types of stock-based incentive awards, including performance awards, total stockholder return performance awards ("TSR awards"), restricted stock/restricted stock units, and options to purchase common stock. The types and mix of stock-based incentive awards are evaluated on an ongoing basis and may vary based on our overall strategy regarding compensation, including consideration of the impact of expensing stock awards on our results of operations.

Performance awards are valued at the fair value of our stock as of the grant date and expense is recognized based on the number of shares expected to vest under the terms of the award under which they are granted. We use an integrated Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value of the TSR awards and the calculated fair value is expensed over the vesting period. Restricted stock issued vests over periods ranging from one to four years and is valued based on the market value of our stock on the grant date. The estimated grant date fair value of stock options is expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally one to three years. The estimated fair value of each option is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. See Note 17, Stockholders' Equity, for further details.

Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with the accounting standard for income taxes. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Under this method, changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in income in the period such changes are enacted.
We record net deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent results of operations. Significant estimates are required for this analysis. If we were to determine that the amount of deferred income tax assets we would be able to realize in the future had changed, we would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would decrease or increase the provision for income taxes.
The provision for federal, foreign, and state and local income taxes is calculated on income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Such provision differs from the amounts currently payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different reporting periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes.
We periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies for all periods that are currently open to examination or have not been effectively settled based on the most current available information. Where it is not more likely than not that our tax position will be sustained, we record the entire resulting tax liability and when it is more likely than not of being sustained, we record our best estimate of the resulting tax liability. To the extent our assessment of the tax outcome of these matters changes, such change in estimate will impact the income tax provision in the period of change. It is our policy to record interest and penalties related to income taxes as part of the income tax expense for financial reporting purposes.
Worker's Compensation. The liability for losses under our worker's compensation program has been actuarially determined. The balance for worker's compensation liability was $7,401 and $7,051 as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Translation of Foreign Currencies. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates and the effects of these translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss

47

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

("AOCL") in stockholders' equity. Income and expenses in foreign currencies are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 were not material.
Comprehensive Loss. The components of AOCL, net of income taxes, are as follows:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Derivatives
 
$
735

 
$
1,904

Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities
 
(74,670
)
 
(66,656
)
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
(9,032
)
 
(39,544
)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
$
(82,967
)
 
$
(104,296
)
The following table summarizes the changes in the balance of AOCL, net of income tax:
 
Year ended March 31, 2019
 
Year ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Pension and other Postretire-ment Benefits
 
Derivatives
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Total
 
Pension and other Postretire-ment Benefits
 
Derivatives
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Total
Beginning of year unrealized loss in AOCL
 
$
(66,656
)
 
$
1,904

 
$
(39,544
)
 
$
(104,296
)
 
$
(56,929
)
 
$
—

 
$
(56,063
)
 
$
(112,992
)
Net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives
 
—

 
(1,169
)
 
—

 
(1,169
)
 
—

 
1,734

 
—

 
1,734

Net actuarial losses reclassified from AOCL (1)
 
2,172

 
—

 
—

 
2,172

 
2,661

 
—

 
—

 
2,661

Prior service costs reclassified from AOCL (1)
 
(238
)
 
—

 
—

 
(238
)
 
(432
)
 
—

 
—

 
(432
)
Valuation adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit plans (1)
 
(9,948
)
 
—

 
—

 
(9,948
)
 
(47
)
 
—

 
—

 
(47
)
Reclassification due to U.S. Tax Reform
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11,909
)
 
170

 
—

 
(11,739
)
Currency translation gains reclassified from AOCL (2)
 
—

 
—

 
37,542

 
37,542

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net change in cumulative translation adjustment
 
—

 
—

 
(7,030
)
 
(7,030
)
 
—

 
—

 
16,519

 
16,519

End of year unrealized loss in AOCL
 
$
(74,670
)
 
$
735

 
$
(9,032
)
 
$
(82,967
)
 
$
(66,656
)
 
$
1,904

 
$
(39,544
)
 
$
(104,296
)
(1) Amounts related to our pension and other postretirement benefits that were reclassified from AOCL were recorded as a component of net periodic benefit cost for each period presented. See Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans.
(2) Amounts related to the foreign currency translation gains realized upon the divestiture of our Eyewear Brands in the second quarter of fiscal year 2019.
Fair Value of Nonfinancial Instruments. The carrying amount of receivables, inventory, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for additional disclosure regarding fair value of financial instruments.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements. On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes existing revenue recognition requirements. We adopted this standard effective April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The new standard does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, although it does expand the information we disclose related to our revenues from contracts with customers. See Note 4, Revenue Recognition, for our enhanced disclosures about revenue in accordance with the new standard.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-12 amends existing guidance to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships. ASU 2017-12 also expands and refines hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. The standard allows for early adoption. As of September 30, 2018, we elected to early adopt this standard, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” which amends ASC 715. This update includes adding,

48

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

clarifying and removing various disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with earlier application permitted. The guidance in this update is applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (Topic 842), which is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. In July 2018, the FASB issued additional guidance which provided an additional transition method for adopting the updated guidance.  Under the additional transition method, entities may elect to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the year of adoption. We currently plan to adopt this standard using the modified retrospective approach. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the requirement for lessees to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under current U.S. GAAP. The standard requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and certainty of cash flows arising from leases. We intend to elect certain of the available practical expedients upon adoption. We have implemented key processes and controls to enable the accurate assessment of leases and preparation of related financial information. We expect adoption of the standard will result in the recognition of ROU assets of approximately $81 million, the recognition of lease liabilities of approximately $89 million, and the elimination of deferred rent of approximately $8 million for operating leases as of April 1, 2019, with no impact to retained earnings.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” which amends ASC 820. This update includes adding, modifying and removing various disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. This update will be applied on a prospective basis for certain changes and retrospectively for other changes. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The current authoritative guidance on fair value clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value, and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The valuation techniques required by the current authoritative literature are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3—Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies we use to measure our financial instruments at fair value.
Long-term Debt—The fair value of the variable-rate long-term debt is calculated based on current market rates for debt of the same risk and maturities. The fair value of the fixed-rate debt is based on market quotes for each issuance. We consider these to be Level 2 instruments.
Interest Rate Swaps—We periodically enter into floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements in order to hedge our forecasted interest payments on our outstanding variable-rate debt. The fair value of those swaps is determined using a pricing

49

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

model based on observable inputs for similar instruments and other market assumptions. We consider these to be Level 2 instruments. See Note 13, Long-term Debt, for additional information.
Commodity Price Hedging Instruments—We periodically enter into commodity forward contracts to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on certain commodities we use for raw material components in our manufacturing process. When actual commodity prices exceed the fixed price provided by these contracts, we receive this difference from the counterparty, and when actual commodity prices are below the contractually provided fixed price, we pay this difference to the counterparty. See Note 3, Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional information.
Contingent Consideration—The acquisition-related contingent consideration liability represents the estimated fair value of additional future earn-outs payable for acquisitions of businesses that included earn-out clauses. The valuation of the contingent consideration is evaluated on an ongoing basis and is based on management estimates and entity-specific assumptions which are considered Level 3 inputs. On September 1, 2016, we completed the acquisition of privately owned Logan Outdoor Products, LLC and Peak Trades, LLC ("Camp Chef"), a leading provider of outdoor cooking solutions. Under the terms of the transaction, approximately $10,000 of the purchase price is payable over a three-year period from the closing date if certain incremental growth milestones are met and key members of Camp Chef management continue their employment with us through the respective milestone dates. The approximately $10,000 is being expensed over the three-year measurement period and is to be paid in three equal installments as each milestone is achieved. The growth milestones for the second year have been met and, therefore, we paid $3,371 during the quarter ended December 30, 2018.
Sublease of former corporate headquarters—In the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we entered into a sublease for our former corporate headquarters located in Farmington, Utah. We recognized a loss of $2,340 associated with the execution of the sublease agreement as the expected discounted cash flows to be incurred under the remaining operating lease term of approximately seven years exceed anticipated discounted cash flows from the new operating sublease. Additionally, we evaluated the long-lived assets associated with our former corporate headquarters for impairment and determined that they were no longer recoverable. As a result, we recognized a loss of $5,317 related to the impairment of long-lived assets associated with our former corporate headquarters. Both losses are included in the selling, general and administrative line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The fair values of the sublease and long-lived assets were based on expected future cash flows using Level 3 inputs under ASC 820.
There were no financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018.
The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying values and estimated fair values were as follows:
 
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
As of March 31, 2018
 
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
Fixed rate debt
 
$
350,000

 
$
326,375

 
$
350,000

 
$
328,248

Variable rate debt
 
$
364,509

 
$
364,509

 
$
576,000

 
$
576,000


3. Derivative Financial Instruments
We are exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in:
•
commodity prices affecting the cost of raw materials,
•
interest rates, and
•
foreign exchange risks.
In the normal course of business, these risks are managed through a variety of strategies, including the use of derivative instruments. See Note 13, Long-term Debt, for additional information on our interest rate swaps.
We entered into various commodity forward contracts during fiscal year 2019. These contracts are used to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on lead we purchase for raw material components in our ammunition manufacturing process and are designated and qualify as effective cash flow hedges. The effectiveness of cash flow hedges is assessed at inception and quarterly thereafter. Hedge accounting would cease if it became probable that the originally-forecasted hedged transaction will

50

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

not occur. The related change in fair value of the ineffective portion of the derivative instrument would be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and recognized in earnings.
The fair value of the lead forward contracts is recorded within other assets or liabilities, as appropriate, and the effective portion is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") in our financial statements. The gains or losses on the lead forward contracts are recorded in inventory as the commodities are purchased and in cost of sales when the related inventory is sold. As of March 31, 2019, we had outstanding lead forward contracts on 8 million pounds of lead.
The derivative gains or losses in the audited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) related to lead forward contracts during year ended March 31, 2019 were immaterial. The liability related to the lead forward contracts is immaterial and is recorded as part of other current liabilities.
4. Revenue Recognition

The following tables disaggregate our net sales by major category:
 
 
Year ended March 31, 2019
 
Year ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Outdoor Products
 
Shooting Sports
 
Total
 
Outdoor Products
 
Shooting Sports
 
Total
Ammunition
 
$
—

 
$
883,103

 
$
883,103

 
$
—

 
$
977,261

 
$
977,261

Firearms
 
—

 
185,419

 
185,419

 
—

 
182,096

 
182,096

Hunting and Shooting Accessories
 
416,631

 
—

 
416,631

 
461,381

 
—

 
461,381

Action Sports
 
306,144

 
—

 
306,144

 
315,538

 
—

 
315,538

Outdoor Recreation
 
215,372

 
—

 
215,372

 
228,576

 
—

 
228,576

Eyewear
 
51,859

 
—

 
51,859

 
143,611

 
—

 
143,611

Total
 
$
990,006

 
$
1,068,522

 
$
2,058,528

 
$
1,149,106

 
$
1,159,357

 
$
2,308,463

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Geographic Region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
713,608

 
$
918,326

 
$
1,631,934

 
$
786,144

 
$
987,149

 
$
1,773,293

Rest of the World
 
276,398

 
150,196

 
426,594

 
362,962

 
172,208

 
535,170

Total
 
$
990,006

 
$
1,068,522

 
$
2,058,528

 
$
1,149,106

 
$
1,159,357

 
$
2,308,463


Effective April 1, 2018, we implemented ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), using the modified retrospective method. The standard did not have a material effect on our financial statements. Disaggregated revenues of net sales by major category is not presented because it is impractical to do so, and is not required based on our adoption of the standard on a modified retrospective method.
Typically, our contracts require customers to pay within 30-60 days of product delivery with a discount available to some customers for early payment. In some cases, we offer extended payment terms to customers. However, we do not consider these extended payment terms to be a significant financing component of the contract because the payment terms are less than a year.
We recognize revenue for our products at a point in time upon the transfer of control of the products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment and coincides with our right to payment, the transfer of legal title, and the transfer of the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the product.
In limited circumstances, our contract with a customer may have shipping terms that indicate a transfer of control of the products upon their arrival at the destination rather than upon shipment. In those cases, we recognize revenue only when the product reaches the customer destination, which may require us to estimate the timing of transfer of control based on the expected delivery date. In all cases, however, we consider our costs related to shipping and handling to be a cost of fulfilling the contract with the customer.
The total amount of revenue we recognize for the sale of our products reflects various sales adjustments for discounts, returns, refunds, allowances, rebates, and other customer incentives. These sales adjustments can vary based on market conditions, customer preferences, timing of customer payments, volume of products sold, and timing of new product launches. These adjustments require management to make reasonable estimates of the amount we expect to receive from the customer.

51

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

We estimate sales adjustments by customer or by product category on the basis of our historical experience with similar contracts with customers, adjusted as necessary to reflect current facts and circumstances and our expectations for the future. Sales taxes, firearms and ammunition excise tax and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue.
Incentives in the form of cash paid to the customer (or a reduction of a customer cash payment to us) typically are recognized as a reduction of sales unless the incentive is for a distinct benefit that we receive from the customer (e.g., advertising or marketing).
We provide consumer warranties against manufacturing defects on certain products within the Shooting Sports and Outdoor Products segments. Our warranty periods typically range from one year to the lifetime of the product. The costs of such product warranties are recognized upon delivery of the product at the time the sale is recorded, and are estimated based on our past experience.

We pay commissions to some of our employees based on agreed-upon sales targets. We recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred because our sales contracts with commissions are a year or less.

We did not recognize any revenue in the reporting period from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous reporting periods.

5. Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share Data—Basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares. Common equivalent shares represent the effect of stock-based awards, see Note 17, Stockholders' Equity, during each period presented, which, if exercised, earned, or converted, would have a dilutive effect on earnings per share.
In computing EPS for the fiscal years presented, earnings, as reported for each respective period, is divided by the number of shares below (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
 
$
(648,443
)
 
$
(60,232
)
 
$
(274,454
)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Basic EPS shares outstanding
 
57,544

 
57,167

 
58,911

   Dilutive effect of stock-based awards (1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

   Diluted EPS shares outstanding
 
57,544

 
57,167

 
58,911

Earnings (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(11.27
)
 
$
(1.05
)
 
$
(4.66
)
Diluted
 
$
(11.27
)
 
$
(1.05
)
 
$
(4.66
)
(1) Due to the loss from continuing operations in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, there are no common shares added to calculate dilutive EPS for those years because the effect would be antidilutive.

6. Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

We are currently in negotiations with a number of potential buyers for the legal entities comprising our firearms business, which is part of our Shooting Sports segment and comprises our Firearms reporting unit. The decision to sell this business reflects our ongoing review of our portfolio of brands to focus on assets that are core to our mission and strategy.


52

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The gross proceeds from the divestiture are expected to be approximately $170,000, subject to net working capital adjustments and transaction costs. The sale of the legal entities comprising our firearms business is expected to be completed in the next few quarters. We measured this business at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell, and subsequently recognized an impairment of $120,238 during fiscal year 2019, including impairment of goodwill of $80,604 during the quarter ended December 30, 2018.
The operating results of this business do not qualify for reporting as discontinued operations. For fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, the earnings before taxes for this business were approximately $22,760, $13,563, and $37,506, respectively. The earnings before taxes above include $7,639, $14,243, and $13,722 of total depreciation and amortization expense for fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The reported results and financial position of the business do not necessarily reflect the total value of the business that we expect to realize upon sale.
The following table presents information related to the assets and liabilities of the business that were classified as held for sale at March 31, 2019:
(Amounts in thousands except share data)
 
March 31, 2019
Assets
 
 
Net receivables
 
$
51,329

Net inventories
 
36,097

Other current assets
 
627

Net property, plant, and equipment
 
36,735

Goodwill
 
121,564

Net intangible assets
 
79,810

Deferred charges and other non-current assets
 
1,683

Total assets held for sale
 
$
327,845

 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
14,831

Accrued compensation
 
1,845

Accrued income taxes
 
306

Federal excise tax
 
4,563

Deferred income tax liabilities
 
21,402

Other accrued liabilities
 
3,083

Total liabilities held for sale
 
46,030

 
 
 
Total net assets held for sale
 
$
281,815

 
 
 
Total net assets held for sale
 
$
281,815

Currency translation adjustment attributable to firearms business
 
3,423

Total net assets including currency translation adjustment
 
285,238

Estimated fair value less costs to sell
 
(165,000
)
Impairment of held-for-sale assets
 
$
120,238

 
 
 
Total assets held for sale
 
$
327,845

Impairment of held-for-sale goodwill and assets
 
(120,238
)
Adjusted assets held for sale
 
$
207,607

7. Divestitures and Acquisitions
Divestitures

On August 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Eyewear Brands. The selling price was $158,000, subject to customary working capital adjustments. As a result of the sale, during fiscal 2019, the Company recorded a pretax loss of

53

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

$4,925, which is included in other expense, primarily due to the final allocation of goodwill and fixed assets for the Eyewear Brands.

During fiscal 2019, we recognized an impairment of $44,921 related to the expected loss on the sale of our held-for-sale assets related to the Eyewear Brands. The loss is primarily attributable to cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments for these entities that was reclassified to earnings upon their sale.

We are currently negotiating the final working capital adjustments with the buyer, and do not expect material adjustments. The operating results of this business do not qualify for reporting as discontinued operations. For the fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017 the earnings before taxes for this business were $6,180, $11,375, and $4,298, respectively.
Acquisitions
In accordance with the accounting standards regarding business combinations, the results of acquired businesses are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The purchase price for each acquisition is allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on fair value. The excess purchase price over estimated fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
Acquisition of Action Sports—On April 1, 2016, we completed the acquisition of BRG Sports Inc.’s Action Sports division, operated by Bell Sports Corp. ("Action Sports"). The acquisition includes brands Bell, Giro, Blackburn, CoPilot, Krash, and Raskullz. Under the terms of the transaction, we paid $400,000, subject to customary working capital adjustments, utilizing cash on hand and borrowings under our existing credit facilities, and additional contingent consideration payable if incremental profitability growth milestones within the Bell Powersports product line are achieved. We determined a value of the future contingent consideration as of the acquisition date of $4,272 using a risk-neutral Monte Carlo simulation in an option pricing framework; the total amount paid may differ from this value. The option pricing model requires us to make assumptions including the risk-free rate, expected volatility, profitability growth, and expected life. The risk-free rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term that approximates the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The expected option life is based on the contractual term of the agreement. Expected volatility is based on the average volatility of similar public companies' stock over the past two years. The profitability growth is based on simulated estimates of future performance of the business using a geometric Brownian risk-neutral framework. As of March 31, 2019, there was no liability recognized for the future contingent consideration. The decrease from the original estimate was a result of not meeting the agreed-upon profitability milestones and the likelihood of achieving future profitability milestones.

Action Sports remains headquartered in Scotts Valley, California and operates facilities in the U.S., Canada, Europe and Asia. The purchase price allocation was completed during the quarter ended March 31, 2017. A portion of the goodwill generated in this acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.

Acquisition of Camp Chef—On September 1, 2016, we completed the acquisition of privately owned Logan Outdoor Products, LLC and Peak Trades, LLC ("Camp Chef"), a leading provider of outdoor cooking solutions. Under the terms of the transaction, we paid $60,000, subject to customary working capital adjustments, utilizing cash on hand and borrowings under our existing credit facility. An additional $4,000 was deferred and is payable in equal installments after the first, second, and third anniversary of the closing date, and approximately $10,000 is payable over a three-year period from the closing date if certain incremental growth milestones are met and key members of Camp Chef management continue their employment with us through the respective milestone dates. The approximately $10,000 is being expensed over the three-year measurement period and is paid in equal installments as each milestone is achieved. The growth milestones were met for the first two years, and therefore we paid $3,371 during both fiscal 2019 and 2018. The purchase price allocation for this acquisition was finalized in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. A majority of the goodwill generated in this acquisition is deductible for tax purposes. Camp Chef is an immaterial acquisition to our company.

Results for acquisitions—For the year ended March 31, 2018, Vista Outdoor recorded sales of approximately $32,752 and gross profit of approximately $9,948, associated with the operations of these acquired businesses for periods in which they were not part of Vista Outdoor in the comparable prior year periods. For the year ended March 31, 2017, Vista Outdoor recorded sales of approximately $121,285 and gross profit of approximately $47,929, associated with the operations of these acquired businesses for periods in which they were not part of Vista Outdoor in the comparable prior year periods. The results of these acquisitions are reflected in the Outdoor Products segment results.


54

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Allocation of Consideration Transferred to Net Assets Acquired for Action Sports:

The following amounts represent the final determination of the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the Action Sports acquisition.

Action Sports Final Purchase Price Allocation:
 
 
April 1, 2016
Purchase price net of cash acquired:
 
 
 
 
Cash paid
 
 
 
$
400,000

Estimated earnout value
 
 
 
4,272

Cash received for working capital
 
 
 
(1,289
)
Total purchase price
 
 
 
402,983

Fair value of assets acquired:
 
 
 
 
Receivables
 
$
78,090

 
 
Inventories
 
56,527

 
 
Tradename, customer relationship, and technology intangibles
 
155,100

 
 
Property, plant, and equipment
 
34,114

 
 
Other assets
 
6,425

 
 
Total assets
 
330,256

 
 
Fair value of liabilities assumed:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
30,240

 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
 
43,991

 
 
Other liabilities
 
33,168

 
 
Total liabilities
 
107,399

 
 
Net assets acquired
 
 
 
222,857

Goodwill
 
 
 
$
180,126


Intangible assets above include:
 
 
Value
 
Useful life (years)
 
 
 
 
 
Action Sports
 
 
 
 
Indefinite lived tradenames
 
$
76,700

 
Indefinite
Definite lived tradenames
 
1,400

 
15
Customer relationships
 
74,700

 
15-20
Technology
 
2,300

 
10
We made no acquisitions during fiscal 2019 and 2018.
8. Receivables
Net receivables are summarized as follows:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Trade receivables
 
$
356,035

 
$
453,939

Other receivables
 
7,106

 
4,017

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(18,892
)
 
(36,193
)
Net receivables
 
$
344,249

 
$
421,763


55

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)


Walmart accounted for 14% of the total trade receivables balance at both March 31, 2019 and 2018. No other customer represented more than 10% of total trade receivables balance as of March 31, 2019 and 2018.

The following is a reconciliation of the changes in our allowance for doubtful accounts, discounts, and returns during fiscal 2018 and 2019:
Balance at March 31, 2017
$
24,654

Expense
19,030

Write-offs
(4,886
)
Reversals, discounts, and other adjustments
(2,605
)
Balance at March 31, 2018
36,193

Expense
7,842

Write-offs
(14,784
)
Reversals, discounts, and other adjustments
(10,359
)
Balance at March 31, 2019
$
18,892

9. Inventories
Net inventories consist of the following:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Raw materials
 
$
65,240

 
$
88,588

Work in process
 
32,213

 
40,812

Finished goods
 
247,038

 
252,878

Net inventories
 
$
344,491

 
$
382,278

We consider inventories to be long-term if they are not expected to be sold within one year. Long-term inventories are presented on the balance sheet net of reserves within deferred charges and other non-current assets and totaled $16,227 and $24,040 as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

10. Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated over estimated useful lives using a straight-line method. Machinery and equipment are depreciated over 2 to 20 years and buildings and improvements are depreciated over 2 to 30 years. Depreciation expense was $53,129 in fiscal 2019, $55,090 in fiscal 2018, and $54,157 in fiscal 2017.

We review property, plant, and equipment for impairment when indicators of potential impairment are present. When such impairment is identified, it is recorded as a loss in that period. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major improvements that extend useful lives are capitalized and depreciated. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property, plant, and equipment retired or otherwise disposed of are removed from the related accounts, and any residual values are charged or credited to income.


56

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Property, plant, and equipment consists of the following:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Land
 
$
6,618

 
$
9,440

Buildings and improvements
 
63,987

 
81,732

Machinery and equipment
 
401,045

 
402,815

Property not yet in service
 
34,344

 
67,471

Gross property, plant, and equipment
 
505,994

 
561,458

Less: accumulated depreciation
 
(290,402
)
 
(284,251
)
Net property, plant, and equipment
 
$
215,592

 
$
277,207


11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:
 
 
Shooting Sports
 
Outdoor Products
 
Total
Balance at March 31, 2017
 
$
204,735

 
$
652,896

 
$
857,631

Impairment
 
—

 
(143,400
)
 
(143,400
)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates
 
174

 
7,325

 
7,499

Held for sale
 
—

 
(64,194
)
 
(64,194
)
Balance at March 31, 2018
 
204,909

 
452,627

 
657,536

Impairment
 
—

 
(327,772
)
 
(327,772
)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates
 
(279
)
 
—

 
(279
)
Held for sale
 
(121,463
)
 
—

 
(121,463
)
Divestitures
 
—

 
(3,526
)
 
(3,526
)
Balance at March 31, 2019
 
$
83,167

 
$
121,329

 
$
204,496

    
During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we made a decision to sell the legal entities comprising our firearms business, which is part of our Shooting Sports segment and comprises our Firearms reporting unit. The decision to sell this business reflects our ongoing review of our portfolio of brands to focus on assets that are core to our mission and strategy. As a result of this decision, we recorded impairment on goodwill related to our Firearms reporting unit of $80,604, and transferred $40,859 of goodwill to assets held for sale.

The trading price of our common stock declined significantly in the quarter ended December 30, 2018, increasing the difference between the market value of Vista Outdoor equity and the book value of the assets recorded on our balance sheet and implying that investors’ may believe that the fair value of our reporting units is lower than their book value. In addition, as a result of a weaker than expected 2018 holiday shopping season and increasing uncertainty from the impact of retail bankruptcies, tariffs and other factors affecting the market for our products, we reduced our sales projections for fiscal year 2020 and beyond for a number of our reporting units for purposes of our long-range financial plan, which is updated annually beginning in our third quarter. As a result of these factors, we determined that a triggering event had occurred with respect to our Hunting and Shooting Accessories, Outdoor Recreation, and Action Sports reporting units, which required that we assess the fair value of these reporting units using the income-based and market based approaches described above.

As a result of this assessment, during the quarter ended December 30, 2018, Vista Outdoor recorded a $429,395 impairment of goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our Hunting and Shooting Accessories, Outdoor Recreation, and Action Sports reporting units. In each impaired reporting unit, our estimate of fair value was negatively impacted by the lower projected sales described above, resulting in reduced cash flows for those businesses in fiscal

57

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

year 2020 and beyond. Our estimates of the fair values of these reporting units was also significantly reduced by increases in prevailing interest rates, which required that we apply a higher discount rate in the income-based valuation approach, and by lower valuation multiples implied by recent trading prices for the common stock of comparable publicly traded companies, which required that we apply lower valuation multiples in estimating the fair value of these reporting units using the market-based approach.

The excess carrying amount over fair value, and resulting goodwill impairment, in our Hunting and Shooting Accessories reporting unit was $38,386. As a result of the goodwill impairment, there is no remaining goodwill in our Hunting and Shooting Accessories reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 9% and a terminal growth rate of 3%. During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we also performed an interim test for indefinite-lived tradename impairment and recorded a $36,223 impairment related to our Bushnell, Outers, Champion, and Weaver's tradenames. We determined the fair values of the indefinite-lived tradenames using royalty rates ranging from 1.0% to 2.0%.

The excess carrying amount over fair value, and resulting goodwill impairment, in our Outdoor Recreation reporting unit was $129,470. As a result of the goodwill impairment, there was $121,329 of remaining goodwill in our Outdoor Recreation reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 9% and a terminal growth rate of 3%. During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we also performed an interim test for indefinite-lived tradename impairment and recorded a $43,400 impairment related to our CamelBak tradename. We determined the fair value of the indefinite-lived tradename using a royalty rate of 2.0%.

The excess carrying amount over fair value, and resulting goodwill impairment, in our Action Sports reporting unit was $159,916. As a result of the goodwill impairment, there is no remaining goodwill in our Action Sports reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 9% and a terminal growth rate of 3%. During the quarter ended December 30, 2018, we also performed an interim test for indefinite-lived tradename impairment and recorded a $22,000 impairment related to our Giro tradename. We determined the fair value of the indefinite-lived tradenames using royalty rates ranging from 1.0% to 1.5%.

The loss of a key customer for our stand up paddle boards business during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 resulted in a reduction of the projected cash flows for the stand up paddle boards business. Given the associated decrease in projected cash flows for the period, we determined that a triggering event had occurred. This analysis resulted in a $23,411 impairment charge related to customer relationship intangibles associated with the Jimmy Styks acquisition.

The goodwill recorded within the Outdoor Products segment is presented net of $872,878 of accumulated impairment losses, of which $401,706 was recorded prior to April 1, 2017. The goodwill recorded within the Shooting Sports segment has no accumulated impairment losses after the transfer of goodwill to held for sale assets during the year ended March 31, 2019. The remeasurement of goodwill and intangible assets is classified as a Level 3 fair value assessment as described in Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed using company-specific information.
Net intangibles consisted of the following:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
Gross
carrying
amount
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Total
 
Gross
carrying
amount
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Total
Trade names
 
$
48,360

 
$
(10,694
)
 
$
37,666

 
$
62,657

 
$
(11,993
)
 
$
50,664

Patented technology
 
16,684

 
(9,604
)
 
7,080

 
16,466

 
(8,157
)
 
8,309

Customer relationships and other
 
238,595

 
(68,185
)
 
170,410

 
318,476

 
(91,093
)
 
227,383

Total
 
303,639

 
(88,483
)
 
215,156

 
397,599

 
(111,243
)
 
286,356

Non-amortizing trade names
 
145,364

 
—

 
145,364

 
305,923

 
—

 
305,923

Net intangible assets
 
$
449,003

 
$
(88,483
)
 
$
360,520

 
$
703,522

 
$
(111,243
)
 
$
592,279


58

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The amortizable assets in the table above are being amortized using a straight-line method over a weighted average remaining period of approximately 12.3 years. The amount of amortizing intangible assets for the Outdoor Products segment is presented net of a $26,628 impairment charge recorded in fiscal 2019, and a $61,054 impairment charge recorded in fiscal 2017. The amount of non-amortizing tradename intangible assets in the Outdoor Products segment is presented net of $101,623, $9,044, and $34,230 of impairment losses recorded in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively; and, the amount of non-amortizing tradename intangible assets in the Shooting Sports segment is presented net of $11,200 of impairment losses recorded in fiscal 2015. 

Amortization expense related to these assets was $24,374 in fiscal 2019, $34,669 in fiscal 2018, and $39,622 in fiscal 2017, which is included within cost of sales. We expect amortization expense related to these assets to be as follows:

Fiscal 2020
 
$
19,911

Fiscal 2021
 
19,886

Fiscal 2022
 
19,831

Fiscal 2023
 
19,715

Fiscal 2024
 
19,663

Thereafter
 
116,150

Total
 
$
215,156


12. Other Current and Non-current Liabilities
The major categories of other current and non-current accrued liabilities are as follows:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Rebates
 
$
13,911

 
$
14,827

Accrual for in-transit inventory
 
11,275

 
29,200

Other
 
71,989

 
53,420

Total other accrued liabilities—current
 
$
97,175

 
$
97,447

 
 
 
 
 
Non-current portion of accrued income tax liability
 
$
34,118

 
$
34,716

Other
 
29,158

 
29,619

Total other long-term liabilities
 
$
63,276

 
$
64,335

We provide consumer warranties against manufacturing defects on certain products within the Shooting Sports and Outdoor Products segments with warranty periods ranging from one year to the expected lifetime of the product. The estimated costs of such product warranties are recorded at the time the sale is recorded based upon actual past experience, our current production environment as well as specific and identifiable warranties as applicable. The warranty liability recorded at each balance sheet date reflects the estimated liability for warranty coverage for products delivered based on historical information and current trends. The following is a reconciliation of the changes in our product warranty liability during the periods presented:
Balance at March 31, 2017
$
10,014

Payments made
(4,757
)
Warranties issued
4,974

Warranties assumed in acquisition
16

Changes related to preexisting warranties
—

Balance at March 31, 2018
10,247

Payments made
(3,462
)
Warranties issued
3,962

Other adjustments
(2,373
)
Changes related to preexisting warranties
(230
)
Balance at March 31, 2019
$
8,144



59

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

13. Long-term Debt
Long-term debt, including the current portion, consisted of the following:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
March 31, 2018
 2018 Credit Agreements:
 
 
 
 
Revolving Credit Facility
 
$
220,000

 
$
—

Term Loan
 
104,509

 
—

2016 Credit Agreement:
 
 
 
 
Term Loan
 
—

 
576,000

Total principal amount of Credit Agreements
 
324,509

 
576,000

Junior Term Loan
 
40,000

 
—

5.875% Senior Notes
 
350,000

 
350,000

Principal amount of long-term debt
 
714,509

 
926,000

Less: unamortized deferred financing costs
 
(10,504
)
 
(10,601
)
Carrying amount of long-term debt
 
704,005

 
915,399

Less: current portion
 
(19,335
)
 
(32,000
)
Carrying amount of long-term debt, excluding current portion
 
$
684,670

 
$
883,399


Credit Agreements—On November 19, 2018, we refinanced our 2016 Credit Agreement, which provided for a $200,000 revolving credit facility and a $400,000 term A loan, by entering into the New Credit Facilities, which provide for (a) a $450,000 senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Revolving Credit Facility”), comprised of $20,000 in first-in, last-out (“FILO”) revolving credit commitments and $430,000 in non-FILO revolving credit commitments, (b) a $109,343 senior secured asset-based term loan facility (the “Term Loan”) and (c) the $40,000 Junior Term Loan. The amount available under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility is the lesser of the total commitment of $450,000 or a borrowing base based on percentages of eligible receivables, inventory, and cash, minus certain reserves. As of March 31, 2019, based on the borrowing base less outstanding borrowings of $220,000 and outstanding letters of credit of $24,818, the amount available under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility was $134,347.

The New Credit Facilities each mature on November 19, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”), subject to a customary springing maturity in respect of the 5.875% Notes due 2023. The loans under the Term Loan are subject to quarterly principal repayments of $4,834 on the first business day of each January, April, July, and October, with the remaining balance due on the Maturity Date. The FILO commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility are subject to reductions of $1,667 on the first business day of each fiscal quarter beginning on April 1, 2019. Any outstanding revolving loans under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility will be payable in full on the Maturity Date. There are no scheduled principal payments under the Junior Term Loan, which will be payable in full on the Maturity Date.

Borrowings under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, in the case of (a) non-FILO revolving credit loans, either the sum of a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.75% to 1.25% or the sum of a LIBO rate plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.25%, and (b) FILO revolving credit loans, a rate that is 1.00% higher than the rate paid on the non-FILO revolving credit loans. All such rates vary based on our Average Excess Availability under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2019, the margin under the (1) ABL Revolving Credit Facility was, in the case of (a) non-FILO revolving credit loans, 1.25% for base rate loans and 2.25% for LIBO rate loans and (b) FILO revolving credit loans, 2.25% for base rate loans and 3.25% for LIBO rate loans, (2) Term Loan was 2.75% for base rate loans and 3.75% for LIBO rate loans, and (3) Junior Term Loan was 7.00% for base rate loans and 8.00% for LIBO rate loans. The weighted average interest rate for our borrowings under the New Credit Facilities as of March 31, 2019 was 5.85%, excluding the impact of the interest rate swaps that are discussed below. We pay a commitment fee on the unused commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum.


60

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Substantially all domestic tangible and intangible assets of Vista Outdoor and our domestic subsidiaries, as well as the tangible and intangible assets of Advanced Arrow S. de R.L. de C.V. and Hydrosport, S. de R.L. de C.V., are pledged as collateral under the New Credit Facilities.

Debt issuance costs related to the New Credit Facilities, including a portion of the existing unamortized debt issuance costs, totaling approximately $12,000 will be amortized over the term of the New Credit Facilities. In connection with the refinancing, net unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $2,404 plus additional costs related to the refinancing of approximately $400 were written off during fiscal 2019 and were included in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

In May 2018, we executed an amendment to the 2016 Credit Agreement to amend, among other things, certain financial covenants as well as to reduce the revolving credit facility from $400,000 to $200,000 (the "May 2018 Amendment"). Debt issuance costs related to the May 2018 Amendment were approximately $2,800. In connection with the reduction in this revolving credit facility and prepayments of the term A loan, unamortized debt issuance costs of $3,203 were written off during fiscal 2019.

5.875% Notes—In fiscal 2016, we issued $350,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes (the "5.875% Notes") that mature on October 1, 2023. These notes are unsecured and senior obligations. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. We have the right to redeem some or all of these notes from time to time on or after October 1, 2018, at specified redemption prices. Debt issuance costs of approximately $4,300 are being amortized to interest expense over 8 years, the term of the notes.

Rank and guarantees—The New Credit Facilities' obligations are guaranteed on a secured basis, jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally by substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries and by Advanced Arrow S. de R.L. de C.V. and Hydrosport, S. de R.L. de C.V. Vista Outdoor (the parent company issuer) which has no independent assets or operations. We own 100% of all of these guarantor subsidiaries. The 5.875% Notes are senior unsecured obligations of Vista Outdoor and will rank equally in right of payment with any future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of Vista Outdoor. The 5.875% Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by our existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee indebtedness under our New Credit Facilities or that guarantee certain of our other indebtedness, or indebtedness of any subsidiary guarantor, in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $50,000. These guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of the applicable subsidiary guarantors. The guarantee by any subsidiary guarantor of our obligations in respect of the 5.875% Notes will be released in any of the following circumstances:

•
if, as a result of the sale of its capital stock, such subsidiary guarantor ceases to be a restricted subsidiary;
•
if such subsidiary guarantor is designated as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary”;
•
upon defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 5.875% Notes; or
•
if such subsidiary guarantor has been released from its guarantees of indebtedness under the New Credit Facilities and all capital markets debt securities.

Interest rate swaps—During fiscal 2018, we entered into floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements in order to hedge our forecasted interest payments on our outstanding variable-rate debt. As of March 31, 2019, we had the following cash flow hedge interest rate swaps in place:
 
 
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Pay Fixed
 
Receive Floating
 
Maturity Date
Non-amortizing swap
 
$
100,000

 
$
244

 
1.52%
 
2.50%
 
June 2019
Non-amortizing swap
 
100,000

 
900

 
1.63%
 
2.50%
 
June 2020

The amount paid or received under these swaps is recorded as an adjustment to interest expense. The asset related to the swaps is recorded as part of other current assets.

61

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Scheduled Minimum Payments—The scheduled minimum payments on outstanding long-term debt were as follows as of March 31, 2019:
Fiscal 2020
$
19,335

Fiscal 2021
19,335

Fiscal 2022
19,335

Fiscal 2023
19,335

Fiscal 2024
637,169

Thereafter
—

Total
$
714,509


Covenants

New Credit Facilities—Our New Credit Facilities impose restrictions on us, including limitations on our ability to pay
cash dividends, incur debt or liens, redeem or repurchase Vista Outdoor stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, make
investments, merge or consolidate with others or dispose of assets. In addition, the New Credit Facilities contain financial
covenants requiring us to (a) maintain Excess Availability under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility of $45,000 at all times before all amounts owing under the Term Loan Facility and the Junior Term Loan Facility have been paid in full, (b) maintain a Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ("FCCR"), as defined below, of not less than 1.15:1.00 for any fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ending on March 31, 2019 until the fiscal quarter ending immediately prior to the date the Term Loan Facility and the Junior Term Loan Facility have been paid in full, and (c) maintain a FCCR of not less than
1.00:1.00 for any fiscal quarter ending after the Term Loan Facility and the Junior Term Loan Facility have been paid in full if Excess Availability falls below certain levels. If we do not comply with the covenants in any of the New Credit Facilities, the lenders may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding under each of the New Credit Facilities.

The FCCR is Covenant EBITDA (which includes adjustments for items such as non-recurring or extraordinary items,
non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation, and intangible asset impairment charges, as well as adjustments for
acquired or divested business units on a pro forma basis) less capital expenditures (subject to certain adjustments) for the past
four fiscal quarters, divided by fixed charges (which includes debt principal and interest payments paid since October 28, 2018,
annualized; plus income tax payments and restricted payments over the past four fiscal quarters). As of March 31, 2019, our FCCR was 1.93.

5.875% Notes—The indenture governing the 5.875% Notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur or permit to exist certain liens, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, consolidate, amalgamate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock, prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt and make loans and investments.

The New Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the 5.875% Notes contain cross-default provisions so that noncompliance with the covenants within one debt agreement could also cause a default under the other debt agreements. As of
March 31, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenants of all of the debt agreements. However, we cannot provide
assurance that we will be able to comply with such financial covenants in the future because of various risks and uncertainties
some of which may be beyond our control. Any failure to comply with the restrictions in the New Credit Facilities may prevent
us from drawing under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility and may result in an event of default under the New Credit Facilities,
which default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related indebtedness and the indebtedness under our 5.875% Notes and proceed against the collateral that secures the indebtedness. We may not have sufficient liquidity to repay the indebtedness in such circumstances.
Cash Paid for Interest on Debt—Cash paid for interest totaled $36,064 in fiscal 2019, $56,273 in fiscal 2018, and $42,469 in fiscal 2017.

14. Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Plan

During fiscal 2019 we recognized an aggregate net benefit for employee defined benefit plans of $973. During fiscal 2018, and 2017, we recognized an aggregate net expense for employee defined benefit plans of $1,505, and $6,762, respectively. The estimated income for these defined benefit plans for fiscal 2020 is $400.

The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation. Benefit obligation balances reflect the projected benefit obligation ("PBO") for our pension plans and accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations ("APBO") or our other post-retirement benefit plans. The weighted average discount rate used to determine the pension benefit obligation was 3.90% and 4.00% as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of the plan assets was $160,682 and $168,425 as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The benefit obligation was $206,369 and $206,177 as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, resulting in an unfunded liability of $45,687 and $37,753 as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which is primarily recorded within Accrued pension and postemployment liabilities.

In June 2017, we announced changes to our qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans. The benefits under the affected plans were determined by a cash balance formula that provides participating employees with an annual “pay credit” as a percentage of their eligible pay based on their age and eligible service. The changes were effective July 31, 2017, with employees receiving a pro-rated pay credit for fiscal 2017 and no future pay credits beginning in fiscal 2018. However, a participating employee’s benefit will continue to grow based on annual interest credits applied to the employee’s cash balance account until commencement of the employee’s benefit. As a result of the changes, we recognized a one-time curtailment gain of $5,783 during the quarter ended July 2, 2017. The plan assets are invested in a variety of financial funds which have investments in a variety of financial instruments including equities, fixed income, and hedge funds. Plan assets are invested in various asset classes that are expected to produce a sufficient level of diversification and investment return over the long-term. The investment goals are (1) to meet or exceed the assumed actuarial rate of return of 6.75% over the long-term within reasonable and prudent levels of risk as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and (2) to preserve the real purchasing power of assets to meet future obligations.

Investments in financial funds are valued by multiplying the fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share with the number of units or shares owned as of the valuation date. NAV per share is determined by the fund's administrator or the Company's custodian by deducting from the value of the assets of the fund all its liabilities and the resulting number is divided by the outstanding number of shares or units. Investments held by the funds are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service approved by the fund's investment manager, which determines valuations using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships between securities which are generally recognized by institutional traders, or at fair value as determined in good faith by the fund's investment manager. For those assets that are invested within hedge funds there are certain restrictions on redemption of those assets including a one-year lockup period from initial investment and thereafter a 65-day notice period prior to redemption. There are no other significant restrictions on redemption of assets within other asset categories.

Employer contributions and distributions—During fiscal 2019, we made contributions of $1,200 directly to the pension trust, made no contributions to our other postretirement benefit plans, and distributed $293 directly to retirees under our non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plans. During fiscal 2018, we contributed $13,800 directly to the pension trust, made no contributions to our other postretirement benefit plans, and made distributions of $11,110 directly to retirees under our non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plans. During fiscal 2017, we contributed $4,400 directly to the pension trust, made no contributions to our other postretirement benefit plans, and made distributions of $10 to retirees under the non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plan.


62

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid in the years ending March 31. The pension benefits will be paid primarily out of the pension trust.
 
 
Pension
Benefits
2020
 
$
12,926

2021
 
12,701

2022
 
12,794

2023
 
13,048

2024
 
12,990

2025 through 2029
 
65,459


Defined Contribution Plan

We sponsor a defined contribution retirement plan, a 401(k) savings plan. The plan is a tax-qualified retirement plan subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and covers most employees in the United States.

Total contributions in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $14,607, $19,865, and $18,936 respectively.
15. Income Taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:
 
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
$
(686,188
)
 
$
(102,153
)
 
$
(265,825
)
Non-U.S.
 
11,916

 
(31,636
)
 
15,131

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
$
(674,272
)
 
$
(133,789
)
 
$
(250,694
)

Our income tax provision (benefit) consists of:
 
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
(6,208
)
 
$
(1,599
)
 
$
34,811

State
 
(1,738
)
 
204

 
5,724

Non-U.S.
 
5,144

 
6,685

 
5,769

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
(27,045
)
 
(76,300
)
 
(20,214
)
State
 
4,176

 
(3,024
)
 
(1,622
)
Non-U.S.
 
(158
)
 
477

 
(708
)
Income tax provision (benefit)
 
$
(25,829
)
 
$
(73,557
)
 
$
23,760


63

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The items responsible for the differences between the federal statutory rate and our effective rate are as follows:
 
 
Years Ended March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Statutory federal income tax rate
 
21.0
 %
 
31.6
 %
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes, net of federal impact
 
1.0
 %
 
1.2
 %
 
(1.2
)%
Domestic manufacturing deduction
 
—
 %
 
1.2
 %
 
1.4
 %
Nondeductible goodwill impairment
 
(12.1
)%
 
(21.1
)%
 
(49.3
)%
Nondeductible loss on divestiture
 
(1.6
)%
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
Acquisition claim settlement gain
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
 
4.2
 %
Pre-acquisition tax attributes
 
—
 %
 
4.1
 %
 
—
 %
Impact of law changes
 
—
 %
 
33.9
 %
 
—
 %
Valuation allowance
 
(4.9
)%
 
(0.4
)%
 
—
 %
Other
 
0.4
 %
 
4.5
 %
 
0.4
 %
Income tax provision (benefit)
 
3.8
 %
 
55.0
 %
 
(9.5
)%
Deferred income taxes arise because of differences in the timing of the recognition of income and expense items for financial statement reporting and income tax purposes. The net effect of these temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are classified in the consolidated financial statements of financial position as noncurrent assets or liabilities. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Deferred Tax Assets:
 
 
 
 
  Inventories
 
$
12,110

 
$
14,536

  Retirement benefits
 
11,003

 
10,119

  Accounts receivable
 
7,829

 
8,444

  Accruals for employee benefits
 
4,211

 
6,156

  Other reserves
 
4,767

 
5,378

  Loss and credit carryforwards
 
17,081

 
11,055

  Nondeductible interest
 
15,880

 
—

  Other
 
4,188

 
1,378

Total deferred tax assets
 
77,069

 
57,066

  Valuation allowance
 
(35,903
)
 
(3,102
)
Total net deferred assets
 
41,166

 
53,964

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
  Intangible assets
 
(55,871
)
 
(117,542
)
  Property, plant, and equipment
 
(24,454
)
 
(21,108
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
 
(80,325
)
 
(138,650
)
Net deferred income tax liability before amounts attributable to assets and liabilities held for sale
 
(39,159
)
 
(84,686
)
Less: deferred tax liability attributable to assets and liabilities held for sale
 
21,402

 
18,490

Net deferred income tax liability
 
$
(17,757
)
 
$
(66,196
)

In assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. As a result of the impairment charges in the current year, we are in a cumulative loss position for the three year period ending March 31, 2019. A cumulative loss position is considered significant negative evidence in assessing the realizability of a deferred tax asset that is difficult to overcome when determining whether a valuation

64

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

allowance is required. Considering the weight of all available positive and negative evidence, we do not believe the positive evidence overcomes the negative evidence of our cumulative loss position. Therefore, we have established a valuation allowance of $32,801 during the current year for a total valuation allowance of $35,903 at March 31, 2019.

Included in the net deferred tax liability are federal, foreign and state net operating loss and credit carryovers, of $9,429 which expires in years ending from March 31, 2020 through March 31, 2039 and $7,651 that may be carried over indefinitely. The carryforwards presented above are net of any applicable uncertain tax positions.
On December 22, 2017, tax legislation was enacted in the United States ("Tax Legislation"). The Tax Legislation significantly revises the corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, limiting various deductions, repealing the domestic manufacturing deduction, implementing a territorial tax system, and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries.
The impact of the Tax Legislation was a benefit to us of approximately $49 million, the majority of which was included in our prior period tax benefit. The tax benefit was primarily due to remeasurement of the U.S. deferred tax liabilities at lower enacted corporate tax rates, which did not have a cash impact on the prior period.
We have outside basis differences from foreign subsidiaries for which no deferred tax liability has been recorded, as we intend to indefinitely reinvest these balances. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on the temporary difference for these indefinitely reinvested undistributed earnings is not practicable.
Income tax refunded, net of amounts paid, totaled $8,435 and $19,911 in fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively.
At March 31, 2019, and 2018, unrecognized tax benefits that have not been recorded in the financial statements amounted to $34,118 and $39,383, respectively, of which $30,432 and $35,471, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate. The remaining balance is related to deferred tax items which only impact the timing of tax payments. Although the timing and outcome of audit settlements are uncertain, it is reasonably possible that an $8,558 reduction of the uncertain tax benefits will occur in the next 12 months. The settlement of these unrecognized tax benefits could result in earnings from $0 to $7,542.
We have classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows:
 
 
Year ended March 31, 2019
 
Year ended March 31, 2018
 
Year ended March 31, 2017
Unrecognized Tax Benefits—beginning of period
 
$
32,734

 
$
27,151

 
$
30,643

Gross increases—tax positions in prior periods
 
—

 
1,188

 
—

Gross decreases—tax positions in prior periods
 
(2,499
)
 
(332
)
 
(2,186
)
Gross increases—current-period tax positions
 
74

 
9,247

 
1,726

Gross decreases—current-period tax positions
 
—

 
(2,873
)
 
—

Settlements
 
—

 
(332
)
 
(2,172
)
Lapse of statute of limitations
 
(3,057
)
 
(1,315
)
 
(860
)
Unrecognized Tax Benefits—end of period
 
$
27,252

 
$
32,734

 
$
27,151

We report income tax-related interest income within the income tax provision. Penalties and tax-related interest expense are also reported as a component of the income tax provision. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, $4,786 and $4,347 of income tax-related interest and $2,080 and $2,302 of penalties were included in accrued income taxes, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, our current tax provision included $1,694, $1,053, and $1,319 of expense related to interest and penalties, respectively.
On February 9, 2015, we entered into a Tax Matters Agreement with Orbital ATK that governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of Vista Outdoor and Orbital ATK following the distribution of all of the shares of our common stock on a pro rata basis to the holders of Alliant Techsystems Inc. common stock (the “Spin-Off”) with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, tax contests and other tax sharing regarding U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, other tax matters and related tax returns. We have joint and several liability with Orbital ATK to the IRS for the consolidated U.S. federal income taxes of the Orbital ATK consolidated group relating to the taxable periods in which we were part of that group.

65

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

However, the Tax Matters Agreement specifies the portion, if any, of this tax liability for which we bear responsibility, and Orbital ATK agrees to indemnify us against any amounts for which we are not responsible. The Tax Matters Agreement also provides special rules for allocating tax liabilities in the event that the Spin-Off is determined not to be tax-free. Though valid between the parties, the Tax Matters Agreement is not binding on the IRS.

The allocation of tax liabilities for the period from April 1, 2014 through the date of the Spin-Off was settled on June 15, 2018. Orbital ATK paid Vista Outdoor $13,047 to settle this matter, which was reflected as an adjustment to the distribution from Vista Outdoor to Orbital ATK at the time of the Spin-Off.

Prior to the Spin-Off, Orbital ATK or one of its subsidiaries filed income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various U.S. state jurisdictions that included Vista Outdoor. In addition, certain of our subsidiaries filed income tax returns in foreign jurisdictions. After the Spin-Off, we file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, foreign and various U.S. state jurisdictions. With a few exceptions, Orbital ATK and its subsidiaries and Vista Outdoor are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities prior to 2012. The IRS has completed the audits of Orbital ATK through fiscal 2014 and is currently auditing Orbital ATK's tax return for fiscal 2015. The IRS has also completed the audit of our tax return that began after the Spin-Off and ended on March 31, 2015. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding issues relating to our portion of these returns have been made for all remaining open years in all jurisdictions.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
We lease land, buildings, and equipment under various operating leases, which generally have renewal options of one to five years. Rent expense was $24,485 in fiscal 2019, $26,245 in fiscal 2018, and $25,256 in fiscal 2017.
The following table summarizes the operating lease payments expected to be paid in each of the following fiscal years:
2020
$
18,949

2021
15,171

2022
12,214

2023
10,961

2024
9,517

Thereafter
58,645

Total
$
125,457

We have known purchase commitments of $214,941, which are defined as an agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding on us and that specifies all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction.
Litigation.    From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits, which arise out of, and are incidental to, the conduct of our business. We do not consider any of such proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
Environmental Liabilities.    Our operations and ownership or use of real property are subject to a number of federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, as well as applicable foreign laws and regulations, including those governing the discharge of hazardous materials, remediation of contaminated sites, and restoration of damage to the environment. We are obligated to conduct investigation and/or remediation activities at certain sites that we own or operate or formerly owned or operated.
We have been identified as a PRP, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, we may be required to pay a share of the costs of the investigation and clean-up of these sites. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available information, we have concluded that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. We have recorded a liability for environmental remediation of $729 as of March 31, 2019 and $731 as of March 31, 2018.

66

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

We could incur substantial additional costs, including cleanup costs, resource restoration, fines, and penalties or third-party property damage or personal injury claims, as a result of violations or liabilities under environmental laws or non-compliance with environmental permits. While environmental laws and regulations have not had a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows in the past, and we have environmental management programs in place to mitigate these risks, it is difficult to predict whether they will have a material impact in the future.
17. Stockholders' Equity
We have authorized 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $1.00, none of which have been issued.
We maintain an equity incentive plan (the “Vista Outdoor Inc. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan” or the “Plan”), which became effective on February 10, 2015, following the Spin-Off from Orbital ATK. The Plan was established to govern the awards granted to our employees and directors and provides for awards of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units, performance awards, and total stockholder return performance awards ("TSR awards") that will be granted to certain of our employees and directors subsequent to the Spin-Off. We issue shares from the Plan upon the vesting of performance awards, TSR awards, and restricted stock units, grant of restricted stock, or exercise of stock options and the awards are accounted for as equity-based compensation.
As of February 10, 2015, we are authorized to issue up to 5,750,000 common shares under the Plan, plus additional shares issuable pursuant to awards granted immediately prior to the Spin-Off in respect of equity-based awards of Orbital ATK granted under the Orbital ATK Stock Plans that were outstanding immediately prior to the Spin-Off and converted into awards subsequent to the Spin-Off. As of March 31, 2019, 2,124,604 common shares are available to be granted.
As of March 31, 2019, there were 1,408,246 shares reserved for performance awards for key employees. Payouts for performance shares are based on achievement of certain performance goals, including sales, earnings before taxes, return on invested capital, or total shareholder return. Performance shares tied to the performance goals of sales, earnings before taxes, or return on invested capital are valued at the fair value of our stock as of the grant date and the related expense is recognized based on the number of shares expected to vest under the terms of the award. Performance shares tied to total shareholder return are valued using an integrated Monte Carlo simulation. Of these performance shares,
•
up to 702,020 shares may become payable only upon achievement of certain performance goals, including earnings before interest and taxes and total shareholder return targets, for the fiscal 2020 through fiscal 2022 period.

•
up to 193,072 shares may become payable only upon achievement of certain performance goals, including earnings before interest and taxes and total shareholder return targets, for the fiscal 2019 through fiscal 2021 period.

•
up to 374,520 shares may become payable only upon achievement of certain performance goals, including sales, return on invested capital, and total shareholder return targets, for the fiscal 2018 through fiscal 2020 period.

•
up to 138,634 shares may become payable only upon achievement of certain performance goals, including sales, return on invested capital, and total shareholder return targets, for the fiscal 2017 through fiscal 2019 period.
There was no restricted stock granted to non-employee directors or certain key employees in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017.
Restricted stock units granted to certain key employees and non-employee directors totaled 584,154 shares in fiscal 2019, 541,326 shares in fiscal 2018, and 370,040 shares in fiscal 2017. Restricted stock units vest over periods generally ranging from one to three years from the date of award and are valued at the market price of common stock as of the grant date.
Stock options may be granted periodically, with an exercise price equal to the fair value of common stock on the date of grant, and generally vest from one to three years from the date of grant. Stock options are generally granted with ten-year terms. The fair value our stock options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

67

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

 
 
Year ended March 31, 2019
 
Year ended March 31, 2018
 
Year ended March 31, 2017
Risk-free rate
 
2.55%
 
2.77%
 
2.43%
Expected volatility
 
42.21%
 
42.91%
 
43.69%
Expected dividend yield
 
—%
 
—%
 
—%
Expected option life
 
7 years
 
7 years
 
7 years
The weighted average fair value of stock options granted was $4.76, $7.78, and $9.89 during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The following weighted average assumptions were used for grants:
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense of $6,599, $9,299, and $12,648 was recognized during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for share-based compensation was $28, $2,132, and $3,106 during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
A summary of our stock option activity is presented below:
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
(per option)
Outstanding at March 31, 2016
 
612,671

 
$
26.42

 
7.4
 
$
25.51

Granted
 
124,190

 
20.42

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(4,892
)
 
15.27

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2017
 
731,969

 
$
22.01

 
7.0
 
$
26.45

Granted
 
338,874

 
16.06

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(299,580
)
 
16.85

 
 
 
 
Forfeited/expired
 
(224,306
)
 
34.07

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2018
 
546,957

 
$
20.88

 
8.5
 
$
3.39

Granted
 
244,479

 
9.99

 
 
 
 
Forfeited/expired
 
(86,964
)
 
24.25

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2019
 
704,472

 
$
16.68

 
8.2
 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options exercisable at:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
472,737

 
$
20.56

 
6.8
 
$
31.35

March 31, 2017
 
537,991

 
$
23.58

 
6.1
 
$
28.33

March 31, 2018
 
192,502

 
$
29.00

 
5.8
 
$
1.65

March 31, 2019
 
264,912

 
$
23.26

 
6.1
 
$
—

There were no options exercised during fiscal 2019. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2018 and 2017, was $1,673 and $170, respectively. Total cash received from options exercised during fiscal 2018 and 2017 was, $4,824 and $75, respectively.

68

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

A summary of our performance share award, TSR award, and restricted stock activity is presented below.
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at March 31, 2016
 
748,770

 
$
32.08

Granted
 
442,068

 
25.29

Canceled/forfeited
 
(48,055
)
 
56.34

Vested
 
(94,023
)
 
62.13

Nonvested at March 31, 2017
 
1,048,760

 
$
25.41

Granted
 
226,038

 
18.28

Canceled/forfeited
 
(115,462
)
 
40.34

Vested
 
(66,614
)
 
57.87

Nonvested at March 31, 2018
 
1,092,722

 
$
20.38

Granted
 
728,014

 
9.59

Canceled/forfeited
 
(170,308
)
 
42.64

Vested
 
(43,790
)
 
30.55

Nonvested at March 31, 2019
 
1,606,638

 
$
12.85


Certain key employees received restricted stock unit grants during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, which will vest over the next one to three years. These restricted stock units will be settled with the issuance of shares upon vesting. A summary of our restricted stock unit award activity is presented below.
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at March 31, 2016
 
266,821

 
$
30.40

Granted
 
370,040

 
24.39

Canceled/forfeited
 
(29,635
)
 
47.92

Vested
 
(133,613
)
 
78.64

Nonvested at March 31, 2017
 
473,613

 
$
11.00

Granted
 
541,326

 
17.59

Canceled/forfeited
 
(130,745
)
 
26.96

Vested
 
(199,473
)
 
32.42

Nonvested at March 31, 2018
 
684,721

 
$
6.92

Granted
 
584,154

 
11.41

Canceled/forfeited
 
(75,523
)
 
18.51

Vested
 
(244,930
)
 
14.72

Nonvested at March 31, 2019
 
948,422

 
$
6.75

As of March 31, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock-based compensation awards was $18,409 and is expected to be realized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
Share Repurchases
On February 25, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $200,000 worth of shares of our common stock, executable over the next two years. We completed that program during fiscal 2017. On August 25, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $100,000 worth of shares of our common stock, executable through March 31, 2018. We completed that program during fiscal 2017.
We had no repurchases of shares during fiscal 2019 and 2018. During fiscal 2017, we repurchased 3,876,434 shares for $151,071 under authorized share repurchase programs.

69

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements
In accordance with the provisions of the 5.875% Notes, the outstanding notes are guaranteed on an unsecured basis, jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally, by substantially all of Vista Outdoor domestic subsidiaries and by Advanced Arrow S. de R.L. de C.V. and Hydrosport, S. de R.L. de C.V. The parent company has no independent assets or operations. All of these guarantor subsidiaries are 100% owned by Vista Outdoor and any subsidiaries of the parent company other than the subsidiary guarantors are minor. These guarantees are senior or senior subordinated obligations, as applicable, of the applicable subsidiary guarantors.

19. Operating Segment Information
We operate our business structure within two operating segments, which are defined based on the reporting and review process used by the chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer. Our primary measure of segment profitability is gross profit. The presentation of the components of our gross profit in the tables below are consistent with the way our chief operating decision maker reviews the results of our operations and makes strategic decisions about our business.
Certain significant selling and general and administrative expenses are not allocated to the segments. In addition, certain significant asset balances are not readily identifiable with individual segments and therefore cannot be allocated. It is impractical to report revenues from external customers by product category due to certain significant sales deductions including volume rebates and discounts that are not attributed to product categories.
Each segment is described below: 
•
Outdoor Products generated 48% of our external sales in fiscal 2019. The Outdoor Products product lines are action sports, archery/hunting accessories, outdoor cooking, golf, hydration products, optics, shooting accessories, and tactical products. Action sports includes helmets, goggles, and accessories for cycling, snow sports, action sports and powersports. Archery/hunting accessories include high-performance hunting arrows, game calls, hunting blinds, game cameras, and waterfowl decoys. Golf products include laser rangefinders. Hydration products include hydration packs and water bottles. Optics products include binoculars, riflescopes and telescopes. Shooting accessories products include reloading equipment, clay targets, and premium gun care products. Tactical products include holsters, duty gear, bags and packs.
•
Shooting Sports generated 52% of our external sales in fiscal 2019. Shooting Sports product lines include centerfire ammunition, rimfire ammunition, shotshell ammunition, reloading components, and firearms.
Walmart accounted for approximately 14%, 13%, and 12% of our total fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 sales, respectively. No other single customer contributed more than 10% of our sales in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017.
Our sales to foreign customers were $426,594, $535,170, and $510,401 in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. During fiscal 2019, approximately 36% of these sales were in Shooting Sports and 64% were in Outdoor Products. Sales to no individual country outside the United States accounted for more than 5% of our sales in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017.

70

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The following summarizes our results by segment:
 
 
Year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Outdoor Products
 
Shooting Sports
 
Corporate
 
Total
External sales
 
$
990,006

 
$
1,068,522

 
$
—

 
$
2,058,528

Gross Profit
 
237,966

 
177,785

 
(63
)
 
415,688

Capital expenditures
 
17,487

 
20,766

 
5,713

 
43,966

Depreciation
 
23,446

 
23,258

 
6,425

 
53,129

Amortization of intangible assets
 
21,698

 
2,676

 
—

 
24,374

 
 
Year ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Outdoor Products
 
Shooting Sports
 
Corporate
 
Total
External sales
 
$
1,149,106

 
$
1,159,357

 
$
—

 
$
2,308,463

Gross Profit
 
287,110

 
234,381

 
(529
)
 
520,962

Capital expenditures
 
21,130

 
36,931

 
6,025

 
64,086

Depreciation
 
24,510

 
24,827

 
5,753

 
55,090

Amortization of intangible assets
 
27,712

 
6,957

 
—

 
34,669

 
 
Year ended March 31, 2017
 
 
Outdoor Products
 
Shooting Sports
 
Corporate
 
Total
External sales
 
$
1,170,634

 
$
1,376,258

 
$
—

 
$
2,546,892

Gross profit
 
292,967

 
377,466

 
(1,247
)
 
669,186

Capital expenditures
 
23,692

 
51,098

 
14,414

 
89,204

Depreciation
 
27,581

 
25,067

 
1,509

 
54,157

Amortization of intangible assets
 
32,666

 
6,956

 
—

 
39,622

The sales above exclude intercompany sales between Outdoor Products and Shooting Sports of $6,792, $5,612, and $5,576 for fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The capital expenditures above include amounts that were not paid as of March 31, 2019.
20. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
Quarterly financial data is summarized as follows:
 
 
Fiscal 2019 Quarter Ended
 
 
July 1,
 
September 30,
 
December 30,
 
March 31,
Sales, net
 
$
528,836

 
$
546,585

 
$
467,771

 
$
515,336

Gross profit
 
113,338

 
108,757

 
94,236

 
99,357

Net income (loss)
 
(52,348
)
 
(32,818
)
 
(514,642
)
 
(48,635
)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(0.91
)
 
$
(0.57
)
 
$
(8.94
)
 
$
(0.84
)
Diluted
 
$
(0.91
)
 
$
(0.57
)
 
$
(8.94
)
 
$
(0.84
)

71

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

 
 
Fiscal 2018 Quarter Ended
 
 
July 2,
 
October 1,
 
December 31,
 
March 31,
Sales, net
 
$
568,749

 
$
587,283

 
$
581,204

 
$
571,227

Gross profit
 
146,558

 
138,977

 
126,105

 
109,322

Net income (loss)
 
16,652

 
(114,705
)
 
53,743

 
(15,922
)
Earnings (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.29

 
$
(2.01
)
 
$
0.94

 
$
(0.28
)
Diluted
 
$
0.29

 
$
(2.01
)
 
$
0.94

 
$
(0.28
)
ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

72

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2019, and have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of Vista Outdoor prepared and is responsible for the consolidated financial statements and all related financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This responsibility includes establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

To comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Vista Outdoor designed and implemented a structured and comprehensive assessment process to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting. The assessment of the effectiveness of Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting was based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Management regularly monitors Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting, and actions are taken to correct any deficiencies as they are identified. Based on our assessment, management has concluded that Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting is effective as of March 31, 2019.

Our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

/s/ Christopher T. Metz
Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Miguel A. Lopez
Chief Financial Officer
May 23, 2019

73


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Vista Outdoor Inc.    

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vista Outdoor Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated May 23, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP


Salt Lake City, Utah
May 23, 2019


74

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION
None.




75

PART III
ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information regarding our directors is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Proposal 1—Election of Directors and under the heading The Vista Outdoor Inc. Board of Directors in the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc. in our Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of fiscal 2019 (the "2019 Proxy Statement"). Information regarding our executive officers is set forth under the heading Information About Our Executive Officers in the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc. in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding our compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding our code of ethics (Vista Outdoor's Code of Business Ethics), which we have adopted for all directors, officers and employees, is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc.—Code of Business Ethics in the 2019 Proxy Statement. Our Code of Business Ethics is available on our website at www.vistaoutdoor.com by selecting Investors and then Corporate Governance.
Information regarding our Audit Committee, including the Audit Committee's financial expert, is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc.—Organization of the Board of Directors—Committees of the Board of Directors—Audit Committee in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Named Executive Officer Compensation Tables, and Compensation Committee Report in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding the compensation of our directors is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Director Compensation in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding the compensation committee interlocks is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information regarding the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Security Ownership of Directors and Named Executive Officers in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is set forth the section entitled Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information regarding transactions with related persons is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Related Person Transactions in the 2019 Proxy Statement.
Information about director independence is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc.—Director Independence in the 2019 Proxy Statement.

76

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information about principal accountant fees and services as well as related pre-approval policies and procedures is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the 2019 Proxy Statement.

77

PART IV
ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)   Documents filed as part of this Report
1.     Financial Statements
The following is a list of all of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II
 
Page
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statement of Equity
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
2.     Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission have been omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the information required is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3.     Exhibits
The following exhibits with an exhibit number is followed by an asterisk (*) are filed electronically with this report. All other exhibits listed below are incorporated by reference from the document listed.
Exhibit
Number
 
 
Description of Exhibit (and document from which incorporated by reference, if applicable)
2.1
 
 
2.2
+
 
2.3
+
 
3.1
 
 
3.2
 
 
3.3
 
 
4.1
 
 
4.2
 
 

78

Exhibit
Number
 
 
Description of Exhibit (and document from which incorporated by reference, if applicable)
4.3
 
 
4.4
 
 
4.5
 
 
4.6
 
 
4.7
*
 
10.1
 
 
10.2
 
 
10.3
 
 
10.6
 
 
10.7
#
 
10.8
#
 
10.9
#
 
10.10
#
 
10.11
#
 
10.12
#
 
10.13
#
 

79

Exhibit
Number
 
 
Description of Exhibit (and document from which incorporated by reference, if applicable)
10.14
#
 
10.15
#
 
10.16
#
 
10.17
#
 
10.18
#
 
10.19
#
 
10.20
#
 
10.21
#
 
10.22
#
 
10.23
#
 
10.24
#
 
 
 
 
 
21
*
 
 
 
 
 
23
*
 
 
 
 
 
31.1
*
 
 
 
 
 
31.2
*
 
 
 
 
 
32
*
 
 
 
 
 
101.INS
*
 
XBRL Instance Document.
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 
 
 
 
101.CAL
*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
101.LAB
*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
101.DEF
*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
101.PRE
*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
+ Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Vista Outdoor agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request; provided, however, that Vista Outdoor may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act for any document so furnished.


80

# Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.



81

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
Date: May 23, 2019
 
By:
 
/s/ Miguel A. Lopez
 
 
 
 
Name:
 
Miguel A. Lopez
 
 
 
 
Title:
 
Chief Financial and Accounting Officer
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and indicated on May 23, 2019.
Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
/s/ Christopher T. Metz
 
 
Christopher T. Metz
 
Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
/s/ Miguel A. Lopez
 
 
Miguel A. Lopez
 
Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)
/s/ Michael Callahan
 
 
Michael Callahan
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director
/s/ April H. Foley
 
 
April H. Foley
 
Director
/s/ Tig H. Krekel
 
 
Tig H. Krekel
 
Director
/s/ Mark A. Gottfredson
 
 
Mark A. Gottfredson
 
Director
/s/ Gary L. McArthur
 
 
Gary L. McArthur
 
Director
/s/ Robert M. Tarola
 
 
Robert M. Tarola
 
Director
/s/ Michael Robinson
 
 
Michael Robinson
 
Director



82