UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
Commission File No. 001-34280
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(409 ) 763-4661
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange on which Registered |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||
Emerging growth company | ||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value on June 28, 2019 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $857.2 million. For purposes of the determination of the above-stated amount, only directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders are presumed to be affiliates, but neither the registrant nor any such person concedes that they are affiliates of registrant.
As of February 18, 2020, there were 26,887,200 shares of the registrant’s voting common stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Information called for in Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of the close of the registrant’s fiscal year in conjunction with the registrant’s annual meeting of shareholders.
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Company Overview
American National Insurance Company was founded in 1905 and has always maintained its corporate headquarters in Galveston, Texas. Our core businesses are life insurance, annuities and property and casualty insurance. We also offer limited health insurance. We provide personalized service to approximately six million policyholders throughout the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. In addition, as of December 31, 2019, we have over $118 billion of life insurance in force.
In this document, we refer to American National Insurance Company and its subsidiaries as "the Company”, “we”, “our”, and “us”.
Our vision is to be a leading provider of financial products and services for current and future generations. For more than a century, we have maintained a conservative business approach and corporate culture. We have an unwavering commitment to serve our policyholders, agents, and shareholders by providing excellent service and competitively priced products and services through a diversified distribution network. We are committed to profitable growth, which enables us to remain financially strong. Acquisitions that are strategic or offer synergies may be considered, but they are not our primary source of growth. We invest regularly in our distribution channels and markets to fuel our capacity for profitable growth.
We are committed to excellence and maintaining high ethical standards in all our business dealings. Disciplined adherence to our values has allowed us to deliver consistently high levels of service through talented people, who are at the heart of our business. We define our values with the acronym FIRST, which stands for Financial strength, Integrity, Respect, Service and Teamwork.
Business Segments
Our family of companies includes five life insurance companies, eight property and casualty insurance companies, and numerous non-insurance subsidiaries. We run and organize our businesses in the following business segments: Life segment, Annuity segment, Property and Casualty segment, Health segment, and our Corporate and Other segment. The following discussion provides an overview of the products we offer within these segments.
Life Segment
Whole Life. Whole life products provide a guaranteed benefit upon the death of the insured in return for the periodic payment of a fixed premium over a predetermined period. Premium payments may be required for the entire life of the contract, to a specified age or a fixed number of years, and may be level or change in accordance with a predetermined schedule. Whole life insurance includes some policies that provide a participation feature in the form of dividends. Policyholders may receive dividends in cash or apply them to increase death benefits or cash values available upon surrender, or reduce the premiums required to maintain the contract in-force.
Term Life. Term life products provide a guaranteed benefit upon the death of the insured for a specified time period in return for the periodic payment of premiums. Coverage periods typically range from one to thirty years, but in no event longer than the period over which premiums are paid.
Universal Life. Universal life insurance products provide coverage through a contract that gives the policyholder flexibility in premium payments and coverage amounts. Universal life products may allow the policyholder, within certain limits, to increase or decrease the amount of death benefit coverage over the term of the contract and to adjust the frequency and amount of premium payments. Universal life products are interest rate sensitive, and we determine the interest crediting rates during the contract period, subject to policy specific minimums.
An equity-indexed universal life product is credited with interest using a return that is based, in part, on changes in an index, such as the S&P 500 Composite Stock Price Index, subject to a specified minimum.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Variable Universal Life. Variable universal life products provide insurance coverage on a similar basis as universal life, except that the policyholder bears the investment risk because the value of the policyholder’s account balance varies with the investment experience of the securities held in the separate account investment options selected by the policyholder.
Credit Life Insurance. Credit life insurance products are sold in connection with a loan or other credit account. Credit life insurance products are designed to pay to the lender the borrower’s remaining debt on a loan or credit account if the borrower dies during the coverage period.
Annuity Segment
Deferred Annuity. A deferred annuity is an asset accumulation product. Deposits are received as a single premium deferred annuity or in a series of payments for a flexible premium deferred annuity. Deposits are credited with interest at our determined rates subject to policy minimums. For certain limited periods of time, usually from one to ten years, interest rates are guaranteed not to change. Deferred annuities usually have surrender charges that begin at issue and reduce over time and may have market value adjustments that can increase or decrease any surrender value.
An equity-indexed deferred annuity is credited with interest using a return that is based, in part, on changes in an index, such as the S&P 500 Composite Stock Price Index, subject to a specified minimum.
Single Premium Immediate Annuity (“SPIA”). A SPIA is purchased with one premium payment, providing periodic (usually monthly or annual) payments to the annuitant for a specified period, such as for the remainder of the annuitant’s life. Return of the original deposit may or may not be guaranteed, depending on the terms of the annuity contract.
Variable Annuity. With a variable annuity the policyholder bears the investment risk because the value of the policyholder’s account balance varies with the investment experience of the separate account investment options selected by the policyholder. Our variable annuity products have no guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits.
Health Segment
Medicare Supplement. Medicare Supplement insurance is a type of private health insurance designed to supplement or pay the costs of certain medical services not covered by Medicare.
Supplemental Insurance. Supplemental insurance is designed to provide supplemental coverage for specific events or illnesses such as cancer and accidental injury or death, or for short periods of time.
Stop-Loss. Stop-loss coverage is used by employers to limit their exposure under self-insured medical plans. Two coverages, which are usually offered concurrently, are available. Specific stop-loss provides coverage when claims for an individual reach a threshold; after the threshold is reached, the policy reimburses claims paid by the employer up to a coverage limit for each individual. Aggregate stop-loss reimburses the employer once the group’s total paid claims reach a threshold.
Credit Disability. Credit disability (also called credit health) insurance pays a limited number of monthly payments on a loan or credit account if the borrower becomes disabled during the coverage period.
Medical Expense. Medical expense insurance covers most health expenses including hospitalization, surgery and outpatient services (excluding dental and vision costs). We no longer market these products and existing contracts are in run-off.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Property and Casualty Segment
Personal Lines. Personal lines include insurance policies sold to individuals for auto, homeowners and other similar exposures. Auto insurance covers specific risks involved in owning and operating an automobile. Homeowner insurance provides coverage that protects the insured owner’s or renter’s property against loss from perils. Other personal insurance provides coverage for property such as boats, motorcycles and recreational vehicles and umbrella protection coverage.
Commercial Lines. Commercial lines are primarily focused on providing insurance to agricultural related operations and small to mid size businesses. This includes property and casualty coverage tailored for a farm, ranch or other agricultural-related businesses. Commercial auto insurance is typically issued in conjunction with the sale of our policies covering farms, ranches, and businesses and covers specific risks involved in owning and operating motor vehicles. Other commercial insurance is also offered and encompasses businessowners, property, liability, mortgage security insurance, and workers’ compensation coverages.
Credit-Related Property Insurance Products. We primarily offer the following credit insurance products:
• | Collateral or Creditor Protection Insurance (“CPI”). CPI provides insurance against loss, expense to recover, or damage to personal property pledged as collateral (typically automobiles and homes) resulting from fire, burglary, collision, or other loss occurrence that would either impair a creditor’s interest or adversely affect the value of the collateral. The coverage is purchased from us by the lender according to the terms of the credit obligation and charged to the borrower by the lender when the borrower fails to provide the required insurance. |
• | Guaranteed Auto Protection or Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”). GAP insures the excess outstanding indebtedness over the primary property insurance benefits that may occur when there is a total loss to or an unrecovered theft of the collateral. GAP can be written on a variety of assets that are used as collateral to secure credit; however, it is most commonly written on automobiles. |
Corporate and Other Segment — Our Corporate and Other segment includes our non insurance subsidiaries and other invested assets not matched with insurance activities.
Marketing Channels
Our diversified product distribution network is designed to satisfy the needs of the markets we serve. Products are often cross-sold to maximize client satisfaction.
Career Sales and Service Division (“CSSD”) — can be traced to the Company's founding in 1905, and offers life insurance, annuities, and limited benefit health insurance products through exclusive employee agents primarily to the lower and middle-income market. CSSD's business model is structured to enable agents located throughout the United States to efficiently distribute new products and provide personalized service to the customer. CSSD has evolved its operations to offer a wider variety of products and electronic processing to meet the ever changing needs of the customer and the agents that serve them.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Independent Marketing Group (“IMG”) — distributes our life insurance and annuity products and solutions through independent agents. IMG provides these products and services to clients in need of wealth protection, accumulation, distribution, and transfer. Products are marketed through financial institutions, large marketing organizations, employee benefit firms, broker-dealers, and independent insurance agents and brokers. IMG also markets to individuals who favor purchasing life insurance directly from an insurance company, through call centers.
Multiple Line Agencies — offers life insurance, annuities, and property and casualty insurance and a limited amount of health insurance primarily through dedicated agents, who, for the most part, primarily or exclusively represent the Company. This distribution channel serves individuals, families, farmers, ranchers and other agricultural clients, and small business owners across the country. Policyholders can generally obtain all their insurance solutions through our multiple line agents, which has been identified as an important driver to client satisfaction.
Health Insurance Division — serves the needs of a variety of markets including middle-income seniors, self-insured employers, and the special needs of individuals with supplemental products through independent agents and Managing General Underwriters (“MGU”). The Health Insurance Division offers an array of life and health insurance products for these growing segments of the population, including group life products, supplemental health insurance products, health reinsurance and traditional Medicare Supplement products.
Specialty Markets Group ("SMG") — offers both credit life products as well as certain property and casualty related products through independent managing general agents and managing general underwriters. The products provided through the Specialty Markets Group provide protection to borrowers and the creditors that extend credit to them. Products offer coverage against unpaid indebtedness as a result of death, disability, involuntary unemployment or untimely loss to the collateral securing a personal or mortgage loan. Credit product distribution includes general agents who market to financial institutions, automobile dealers, and furniture dealers. The Group also writes renters, aviation, and private flood insurance through managing general agents.
Policyholder Liabilities
We record the amounts for policyholder liabilities in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and the standards of practice of the American Academy of Actuaries. We carry liabilities for future policy benefits associated with base policies and riders, unearned mortality charges and future disability benefits, for other policyholder liabilities associated with unearned premiums and claims payable, and for unearned revenue from front-end fees. We also establish liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, including those that have been incurred but not yet reported. In addition, we carry liabilities for secondary guarantees relating to certain life policies and fair value reserves associated with embedded derivatives on equity indexed products.
Pursuant to state insurance laws, we establish statutory reserves, which are reported as liabilities, and which generally differ from future policy benefits determined using GAAP on our respective policies. These statutory reserves are established in amounts sufficient to meet policy and contract obligations, when taken together with expected future premiums and interest at assumed rates.
Additional information regarding our policyholder liabilities may be found in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Estimates - Reserves section.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Risk Management
A conservative operating philosophy was a founding principle for our Company and continues to be a guiding principle for us. We manage risks across the Company by employing controls throughout our business operations. These controls are designed to both place limits on activities and provide internal reporting information that helps shape decisions and actions. The Company’s Board of Directors oversees a formal enterprise risk management program to coordinate risk management efforts and to provide reasonable assurance that risk taking activities are aligned with strategic objectives. The Board Audit Committee assists the Board in its risk management oversight. The risk management program includes a corporate risk officer who chairs a Enterprise Risk Management Committee intended to ensure consistent application of the enterprise risk management process across all business segments. The Enterprise Risk Management Committee is supported by three sub-committees, one focusing on life and annuity business risks, one focusing on property and casualty business risks, and another focusing on health and credit life business risks. In addition, several other senior management committees support the discussion and enforcement of risk controls in the management of the Company.
Our insurance products are designed to balance features desired by the marketplace with provisions that mitigate our risk exposures across our insurance products portfolio. We employ underwriting standards to help ensure proper rates are charged to different classes of risks. In our life insurance and annuity products, we seek to mitigate disintermediation risk through the use of surrender charges and market value adjustment features.
The process of linking the timing and the amount of paying obligations related to our insurance and annuity contracts and the cash flows and valuations of the invested assets supporting those obligations is commonly referred to as asset-liability management (“ALM”). Our ALM Committee, including many of our Company senior executive officers, regularly monitors the level of risk in the interaction of assets and liabilities and helps shape actions intended to attain our desired risk-return profile. Investment allocations and duration targets are also intended to manage the risk exposure in our annuity products by setting the credited rate within a range supported by these investments. Tools which help shape investment decisions include deterministic and stochastic interest rate scenario analyses using a licensed third party economic scenario generator and detailed insurance ALM models. These models also use experience related to surrenders and claims.
We also manage risk by purchasing reinsurance to limit exposure in our Life, Health, and Property and Casualty segments. In our Life segment, we currently retain 100% of newly developed permanent and term products up to our retention limit and cede the excess exposure to reinsurers that are evaluated for their credit strength. Consistent with our corporate risk management strategy, we periodically adjust our Life reinsurance program and retention limits as market conditions warrant. In our Health segment, we use reinsurance on an excess of loss basis for our MGU stop-loss business. In our Property and Casualty segment, our reinsurance program provides coverage for some individual risks with exposures above certain amounts as well as exposure to catastrophes including hurricanes, tornadoes, wind and hail events, earthquakes, fires following earthquakes, winter storms, and wildfires. In all segments, we purchase reinsurance from many providers and regularly review the financial strength ratings of our reinsurers. Reinsurance does not remove our liability to pay our policyholders, and we remain liable to our policyholders for the risks we insure. See "Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for retention limits.
In our Property and Casualty segment, the use of catastrophic event models is an important element of risk management. These models assist us in the measurement and management of exposure concentrations and the amount and structure of reinsurance purchases. In addition to reinsurance, we manage exposure to catastrophic risk by limiting property exposure in coastal areas, implementing hurricane, wind and hail deductible requirements where appropriate, and not renewing coverage in regions where we believe exposure to risky events exceeds our risk appetite.
Pricing
We establish premium rates for life, annuity, and health products using assumptions as to future mortality, morbidity, persistency, investments, and expenses, all of which are estimates generally based on our experience, industry data, projected investment earnings, competition, regulation and legislation. These assumptions are also considered when setting crediting rates for interest sensitive life and annuity products. Premium rates for property and casualty insurance are influenced by many factors, including the estimated frequency and severity of claims, expenses, state regulation and legislation, and general business and economic conditions, including market interest rates and inflation. Profitability is affected to the extent actual experience deviates from our pricing assumptions.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Payments we receive for certain annuity and life products are not recognized as revenues, but are deposits added to policyholder account balances. Revenues from these products result from charges to the account balances for the cost of insurance risk and administrative fees and, in some cases, surrender fees. Profits are earned to the extent these revenues exceed actual costs. Profits are also earned from investment income on assets invested from the deposits in excess of the amounts credited to policyholders.
Premiums for health policies with medical expense components must take into account the rising utilization and cost of medical care. The annual rate of medical cost inflation has historically been higher than the general rate of inflation, requiring frequent rate increases, most of which are subject to approval by state regulatory agencies.
Credit Life and Health rates are set by each state. These rates are the maximum amounts that may be charged. We may charge a lower rate to reflect a variety of factors including better than expected experience, compensation adjustments, and competitive forces. In the event that an account's experience is poor and less than our pricing assumptions we may request a rate increase from the applicable state.
Competition
We compete principally on the breadth of our product offerings, reputation, marketing expertise and support, the scope of our distribution systems, financial strength and ratings, product features and prices, customer service, claims handling, and in the case of producers, service as well as compensation. The market for insurance, retirement and investment products continues to be highly fragmented and competitive. We compete with a large number of domestic and foreign insurance companies, many of which offer one or more similar products. In addition, for products that include an asset accumulation component, our competition includes domestic and foreign securities firms, investment advisors, mutual funds, banks and other financial institutions.
Several competing insurance carriers are larger than we are, and have brands that are more commonly known and spend significantly more on advertising than we do. We remain competitive with these commonly known brands by managing costs, providing attractive coverage and service, maintaining positive relationships with our agents and our policyholders, and by maintaining our financial strength.
Ratings
Rating agencies provide independent opinions or ratings regarding the capacity of an insurance company to meet the contractual obligations of its insurance policies and contracts. These ratings are based on each rating agency’s quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a company. The rating agencies do not provide ratings as a recommendation to purchase insurance or annuities, nor as a guarantee of an insurer’s current or future ability to meet contractual obligations. Each agency’s rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn at any time.
Our current insurer financial strength rating from two of the most widely referenced rating organizations as of the date of this filing are as follows:
• | A.M. Best Company: A (1) |
• | Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”): A (2) |
(1) | A.M. Best’s active company rating scale consists of thirteen ratings ranging from A++ (Superior) to D (poor). |
(2) | S&P’s active company ratings scale ‘AAA’ to ‘R’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. |
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Regulations Applicable to Our Business
Our insurance operations are subject to extensive regulation, primarily at the state level. Such regulation varies by state but generally has its source in statutes that establish requirements for the business of insurance and that grant broad regulatory authority to a state agency. Insurance regulation has a substantial effect on us and governs a wide variety of matters, such as insurance company licensing, agent and adjuster licensing, policy benefits, price setting, accounting practices, product suitability, the payment of dividends, the nature and amount of investments, underwriting practices, reserve requirements, sales and advertising practices, privacy practices, information systems security, policy forms, reinsurance reserve requirements, risk and solvency assessments, mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance practices, capital adequacy, transactions with affiliates, participation in shared markets and guaranty associations, claims practices, the remittance of unclaimed property, and enterprise risk management requirements. The models for state laws and regulations often emanate from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”). While it is not mandatory for insurers to comply with an NAIC model law, nor for states to adopt a model law, state and federal legislators and regulators are likely to look to the model law for guidance in proposing new legislation and regulation. NAIC model laws can also become standards to which insurance companies are held accountable in decisions on whether to bring enforcement actions.
State insurance departments monitor compliance with regulations through periodic reporting procedures and examinations. At any given time, financial, market conduct or other examinations of our insurance companies may be occurring.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) expanded the U.S. federal government presence in insurance oversight. Dodd-Frank’s requirements include streamlining the state-based regulation of reinsurance and non-admitted insurance. Dodd-Frank also established the Federal Insurance Office (“FIO”) within the U.S. Department of Treasury, which is authorized to, among other things, gather data and information to monitor aspects of the insurance industry, identify certain issues in the regulation of insurers, and preempt state insurance measures under certain circumstances. There may be further federal involvement in the business of insurance in the future, which may add significant legal complexity and associated costs to our business.
Regulatory matters having the most significant effects on our insurance operations and financial reporting are described further below. In addition, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Litigation and Regulation Risk Factors, below discusses significant risks presented to our business by extensive regulation and describes certain other laws and regulations that are or may become applicable to us.
Limitations on Dividends by Insurance Subsidiaries. Dividends received from our insurance subsidiaries represent one source of cash for us. Our insurance subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends is generally limited by state law and is also impacted by federal income tax considerations.
Holding Company Regulation. We are an insurance holding company system under the insurance laws of the states where we do business. Our insurance companies are organized under the laws of Texas, Missouri, New York, Louisiana, and California. Insurance holding company system laws and regulations in such states generally require periodic reporting to state insurance regulators of various business, enterprise risk management, corporate governance and financial matters and advance notice to, and in some cases approval by, such regulators prior to certain transactions between insurers and their affiliates. These laws also generally require regulatory approval prior to the acquisition of a controlling interest in an insurance company. These requirements may deter or delay certain transactions considered desirable by management or our stockholders.
Rate Regulation. Nearly all states have laws that require life, health, credit, and property and casualty insurers to file rate schedules and require most insurers to file policy or coverage forms and other information with the state’s regulatory authority. In many cases these must be approved prior to use. The objectives of rate laws vary, but generally a price cannot be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory. Prohibitions on discriminatory underwriting practices apply in the context of certain products as well.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Our ability to adjust prices, particularly with certain property and casualty and health insurance products, is often dependent on the applicable pricing law and our ability to demonstrate to the particular regulator that current or proposed pricing complies with such law. Rate increases that we believe are necessary for our profitability may be delayed or denied as a result of such laws. We manage our risk of loss by charging a price that reflects the cost and expense of providing insurance products and by being selective in underwriting. When a state has significant underwriting and pricing restrictions, it becomes more difficult to manage our risk of loss, which can adversely impact our ability to market products profitably in such states.
Guaranty Associations and Involuntary Markets. State laws allow insurers to be assessed, subject to prescribed limits, insurance guaranty fund fees to pay certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies. In addition, to maintain our licenses to write property and casualty insurance in various states, we are required to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities, and joint underwriting associations that provide various insurance coverages to purchasers that otherwise are unable to obtain coverage from private insurers.
Investment Regulation. Insurance company investment regulations require investment portfolio diversification and limit the amount of investment in certain asset categories. Failure to comply with these regulations leads to the treatment of non-conforming investments as non-admitted assets for measuring statutory surplus. In some instances, these rules require the sale of non-conforming investments.
Exiting Geographic Markets, Canceling and Non-Renewing Policies. Most states regulate an insurer’s ability to exit a market by limiting the ability to cancel and non-renew policies. Some states prohibit an insurer from withdrawing one or more types of insurance business from the state, except pursuant to an approved plan. These regulations could restrict our ability to exit unprofitable markets.
Statutory Accounting. Financial reports to state insurance regulators utilize statutory accounting practices as defined in the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the NAIC, which are different from GAAP. Statutory accounting practices, in keeping with the intent to assure the protection of policyholders, are generally based on a solvency concept, while GAAP is based on a going-concern concept. While not a substitute for GAAP performance measures, statutory information is used by industry analysts and reporting sources to compare the performance of insurance companies. Maintaining both GAAP and statutory financial records increases our business costs.
Insurance Reserves. State insurance laws require life and property and casualty insurers to annually analyze the adequacy of statutory reserves. Our appointed actuaries must submit opinions annually for our insurance companies that policyholder and claim reserves are adequate.
Risk-Based Capital and Solvency Requirements. The NAIC has a formula for analyzing capital levels of insurance companies called Risk-Based Capital (“RBC”). The RBC formula has minimum capital thresholds that vary with the size and mix of a company’s business and assets. It is designed to identify companies with capital levels that may require regulatory attention. At its June 2018 meeting, the NAIC’s Capital Adequacy Task Force adopted a change to the formulas used to calculate RBC to reflect the lower federal corporate income tax rate applicable under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The NAIC’s RBC formulas now employ a tax factor of 21%, instead of 35%. Despite this change, at December 31, 2019, American National Insurance Company and each of its insurance subsidiaries remained more than adequately capitalized and exceeded the minimum RBC requirements.
Own Risk and Solvency Assessment ("ORSA"). ORSA requires insurers to maintain a framework for identifying, assessing, monitoring, managing, and reporting on the “material and relevant risks” associated with the insurers' (or insurance groups') current and future business plans. ORSA, which has been adopted by the state insurance regulators of our insurance companies, requires companies to file an internal assessment of their solvency with insurance regulators annually. Although no specific capital adequacy standard is currently articulated in ORSA, it is possible that such standard will be developed over time and may increase insurers' minimum capital requirements, which could adversely impact our growth and return on equity.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Securities Regulation. The sale and administration of variable life insurance and variable annuities are subject to extensive regulation at the federal and state level, including by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). Our variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies, other than group unallocated, were issued through separate accounts that are registered with the SEC as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Each registered separate account is generally divided into sub-accounts, each of which invests in an underlying mutual fund that is itself a registered investment company under such act. In addition, the variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies issued by the separate accounts generally are registered with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933. The U.S. federal and state regulatory authorities and FINRA from time to time make inquiries and conduct examinations regarding our compliance with securities and other laws and regulations.
In addition, our periodic reports and proxy statements to stockholders are subject to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and corresponding rules of the SEC, and our corporate governance processes are subject to regulation by the SEC and the NASDAQ Stock Market. Our registered wholesale broker-dealer and registered investment adviser subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision by the SEC, FINRA and, in some cases, state securities administrators.
Suitability. FINRA rules require broker-dealers selling variable insurance products to determine that transactions in such products are “suitable” to the circumstances of the particular customer. In addition, most states have enacted the NAIC’s Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation that, in adopting states, places suitability responsibilities on insurance companies in the sale of fixed and indexed annuities, including responsibilities for training agents. The NAIC has adopted revisions to this model regulation that would further elevate the standard of care for annuity sales and align it with the SEC's new Regulation Best Interest. We anticipate that the revised model will be adopted in some form by many of the states in which we do business. New York has already taken further action, through the adoption by the New York Department of Financial Services ("NYDFS") of a regulation that requires in part that life insurance policies and annuity contracts delivered or issued for delivery in New York be in the best interest of the consumer, effective August 1, 2019 for annuities and February 1, 2020 for life insurance.
Protection of Consumer Information. U.S. federal laws, such as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and the laws of some states regulate disclosures of certain customer information and require us to protect the security and confidentiality of such information. Such laws also require us to notify customers about our policies and practices relating to the collection, protection and disclosure of confidential customer information. State and federal laws, such as the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulate our use, protection and disclosure of certain personal health information. In addition, most states have laws or regulations that require us to notify regulators and affected customers in the event of a data breach, and some of these laws and regulations are becoming more stringent by requiring faster notifications and creating private causes of action for violations.
On June 28, 2018, California enacted a sweeping new privacy law known as the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), with an original effective date of January 1, 2020. The CCPA requires enhanced customer disclosure about how a business collects and uses personal data, how such data is used in business processes, and with and to whom customer data is shared or sold. In addition, the CCPA also affords a consumer a “right to request deletion” in certain circumstances. On August 31, 2018, the California State Legislature passed SB-1121, a bill that delays enforcement of the CCPA until July 1, 2020, and makes other amendments and clarifications to the law. Such clarifications include exempting from certain requirements of the CCPA information that is collected, processed, sold or disclosed pursuant to the California Financial Information Privacy Act, the federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act ("FCRA"), the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA") or the federal Driver’s Privacy Protection Act. The revisions, however, do not exempt such information from the CCPA’s private right of action provision in all instances. Additionally, the definition of “personal information” in the CCPA is broad and may encompass other information that we maintain in our California business beyond that excluded under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, FCRA, HIPAA, the Driver’s Privacy Protection Act or the California Financial Information Privacy Act exemption.
In addition, FCRA is a federal law that governs the use and sharing of consumer credit information provided by a consumer reporting agency. Requirements under FCRA apply to an insurer if such insurer obtains and uses consumer credit information to underwrite insurance. Such requirements may include obtaining the consumer’s consent and providing various notices to the consumer. While the use of consumer credit information in the underwriting process is expressly authorized by FCRA, various states have issued regulations that limit or prohibit the use of consumer credit information by insurers, and some consumer groups continue to criticize the use of credit-based insurance scoring in underwriting and rating processes. As a result of a 2017 data breach of a major credit reporting agency, there may be additional efforts at the federal or state level to regulate the use of credit-based information by insurers. Any such regulation could force changes in our underwriting practices and impact our profitability.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Cybersecurity. In recent years, millions of consumers and businesses have been impacted by data breaches of companies in various industries, increasing the regulatory focus on consumer information protection and data privacy. With the August 28, 2017, effectiveness of new regulations applicable to certain financial institutions, New York became the first state to adopt minimum cybersecurity standards. Other states have followed by adopting the NAIC's Data Security Model Law, which is patterned after the New York regulation. The NYDFS requires financial institutions authorized to do business under New York banking, insurance or other financial services laws, including certain of our subsidiaries, to develop a cybersecurity program and policy based on an assessment of the institution’s cybersecurity risks, designate a Chief Information Security Officer, maintain written policies and procedures with respect to third party service providers, limit who has access to data or systems, use qualified cybersecurity personnel to manage cybersecurity risks, notify the NYDFS of a cybersecurity event within seventy-two hours, maintain a written incident response plan and provide the NYDFS with an annual certification of compliance.
In addition, the NAIC has adopted the Cybersecurity Bill of Rights, a set of directives aimed at protecting consumer data, and the Insurance Data Security Model Law. The data security model law establishes standards for data security in the insurance industry, including standards for investigating a data breach and requiring certain notifications to regulators, producers and consumers. South Carolina became the first state to adopt the data security model law in May 2018. Several other states have adopted or are considering adopting this model law or versions thereof. As explained above, it is not mandatory for insurers to comply with an NAIC model law, nor for states to adopt a model law; however, state and federal legislators and regulators are likely to look to the model law, as well as the NYDFS regulation, for guidance in proposing new legislation and regulation. The NAIC model law could also become a standard to which insurance companies are held accountable in decisions on whether to bring enforcement actions. The NAIC has also strengthened and enhanced the cybersecurity guidance included in its handbook for state insurance examiners. We expect a continuing focus at the state and federal levels on the privacy and security of personal information.
Anti-Money Laundering. Federal law and regulation requires us to take certain steps to help prevent and detect money laundering activities. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 contains anti-money laundering and financial transparency requirements applicable to certain financial services companies, including insurance companies. The Bank Secrecy Act requires insurers to implement a risk-based compliance program to detect, deter and (in some cases) report financial or other illicit crimes including, but not limited to, money laundering and terrorist financing. The Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), a division of the U.S. Treasury Department, administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions. For certain transactions, an insurer may be required to search policyholder, agent, vendor and employee databases for specially designated nationals or suspected terrorists, in order to comply with OFAC obligations.
Healthcare Regulation. We are subject to various conditions and requirements of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (the “Healthcare Act”). The Healthcare Act affects the small blocks of business we have offered or acquired over the years that are, or are deemed to be, health insurance. The Healthcare Act also influences the design of products sold by our Health segment, which may influence consumer acceptance of such products and the cost of monitoring compliance with the Healthcare Act. Moreover, the Healthcare Act affects the benefit plans we sponsor for employees, retirees and their dependents, our expense to provide such benefits, our tax liabilities in connection with the provision of such benefits, and our ability to attract or retain employees. Any repeal, replacement or amendment of the Healthcare Act could have similar effects on us. Although President Trump and many Congressional Republicans have indicated a desire to repeal or revise the Healthcare Act, the fate of these proposals is unclear. Further, on December 18, 2019, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a district court finding that the Healthcare Act’s individual mandate is unconstitutional but sent the case back to the district court to reconsider how much, if any, of the remainder of the Healthcare Act should be invalidated. Several states, led by California, have appealed the Fifth Circuit’s ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court. Such litigation creates further uncertainty regarding the future of the Healthcare Act. We are unable to predict how these events will ultimately be resolved and what the potential impact may be on the Healthcare Act and our business.
Environmental Considerations. As an owner and operator of real property, we are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. Inherent in such ownership and operation is the risk that there may be potential environmental liabilities and costs in connection with any required remediation of such properties. We routinely have environmental assessments performed with respect to real estate being acquired for investment or through foreclosure, but we cannot provide assurance that unexpected environmental liabilities will not arise. In addition, we hold equity interests in companies that could potentially be subject to environmental liabilities. Based on information currently available to us, management believes that any costs associated with compliance with environmental laws and regulations or any required remediation will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS — (Continued)
Other types of regulations that affect us include insurable interest laws, employee benefit plan laws, antitrust laws, employment and labor laws, and federal and state tax laws. Failure to comply with federal and state laws and regulations may result in censure; the issuance of cease-and-desist orders; reputational damage; suspension, termination or limitation of the activities of our operations and/or our employees and agents; or the obligation to pay fines, penalties, assessments, interest, or additional taxes and wages. In some cases, severe penalties may be imposed for breach of these laws. We cannot predict the impact of these actions on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Available Information
We file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including us.
Our press releases, financial information and reports filed with the SEC (for example, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those forms) are also available online at www.americannational.com. The reference to our website does not constitute the incorporation by reference of information contained at such website into this, or any other, report. Copies of any documents on our website are available without charge, and reports filed with or furnished to the SEC will be available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our performance is dependent on our ability to manage complex operational, financial, legal, and regulatory risks and uncertainties throughout our operations. The most significant of these risks and uncertainties are described below. Any of these, individually or in the aggregate, could materially and adversely impair our business, financial condition or results of operations, particularly if our actual experience differs from our estimates and assumptions. While our enterprise risk management framework contains various strategies, processes, policies and procedures to address these risks and uncertainties, we cannot be certain that these measures will be implemented successfully in all circumstances. In addition, we could experience risks that we failed to identify, or risks of a magnitude greater than expected.
Economic and Investment Market Risk Factors
Our results of operations are materially affected by economic and political conditions in the U.S. and elsewhere. The strength and sustainability of economic activity is inherently uncertain. Factors such as unemployment, workforce participation levels, consumer prices, domestic political uncertainty, geopolitical and international trade issues, energy prices, stagnant or declining family incomes, consumer confidence and spending, and increased student and consumer debt can adversely affect the economy and demand for our products. Unfavorable economic developments could adversely affect us if our customers have less need for insurance coverage, cancel existing insurance policies, modify coverage, or choose not to renew with us. Challenging economic conditions may impair the ability of our customers to pay premiums as they come due.
Interest rates have a significant impact on our business and on consumer demand for our products. When interest rates rise, the value of our investment portfolio may decline due to decreases in the fair value of our fixed maturity securities. In addition, increasing rates on other insurance or investment products offered by competitors can lead to higher surrenders by our customers at a time when fixed maturity investment asset values are lower. We may react to market conditions by increasing crediting rates, which narrows our “spread,” or the difference between the amounts we earn on investments and the amount we must pay under our contracts. Decreasing interest rates also can adversely affect our spreads, particularly with interest-sensitive life insurance and fixed annuities. An environment of persistently low (or lower) interest rates, as in recent years, compounds this spread compression. Further, when market interest rates decrease or remain at relatively low levels, prepayments and redemptions affecting our investment securities and mortgage loan investments may increase as issuers and borrowers seek to refinance at a lower rate. Proceeds from maturing, prepaid or sold bonds or mortgage loan investments may be reinvested at lower yields, reducing our spread. Our ability to decrease product crediting rates in response may be limited by market and competitive conditions and by regulatory or contractual minimum rate guarantees. While we use ALM processes to mitigate the effect on our spreads of changes in interest rates, they may not be fully effective. See the Risk Management discussion in Item 1 above and the General Trends discussion in Part II, Item 7 below for further details about interest rates and our ALM processes.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
Fluctuations in the markets for fixed maturity securities, equity securities, and commercial real estate could adversely affect our business. Investment returns are an important part of our profitability. Substantially all investments, including our fixed maturity, equity, real estate and mortgage loan investment portfolios, are subject to market and credit risks, including market volatility and deterioration in the credit or prospects of companies or governmental entities in which we invest. We could incur significant losses from such risks, particularly during extreme market events. The concentration of our investments in any particular industry, group of related industries or government issuers, or geographic area can compound these risks. Moreover, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may move further towards normalizing monetary policy from the programs of recent years that have fostered a historically low interest rate environment. In addition to resulting in higher interest rates, such a move may generate volatility in debt and equity markets.
In addition to negatively affecting investment returns, equity market downturns and volatility can have other adverse effects on us. First, equity market downturns and volatility may discourage new purchases of our products that have returns linked to the performance of the equity market and may cause some existing customers to withdraw cash values or reduce investments in such products, in turn reducing our fee revenues. Second, the guarantees provided under certain products may cost more than expected in volatile or declining equity market conditions, which could negatively affect our earnings. Third, our estimates of liabilities and expenses for pension and other postretirement benefits incorporate assumptions regarding the rate used to discount estimated future liabilities and the long-term rate of return on plan assets. Declines in the discount rate or the rate of return on plan assets, both of which are influenced by potential investment returns, could increase our required cash contributions or pension-related expenses in future periods.
Some of our investments are relatively illiquid. Investments in privately placed securities, mortgage loans, and real estate, including real estate joint ventures and other equity interests, are relatively illiquid. If we suddenly require significant amounts of cash in excess of ordinary cash requirements, it may be difficult or not possible to sell these investments in an orderly manner for a favorable price.
The discontinuance of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") may adversely affect the interest rates on and value of certain derivatives we hold, and any other assets or liabilities whose value is tied to LIBOR. On July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of the LIBOR benchmark after 2021. As a result, it appears likely that LIBOR will be discontinued after 2021. In April 2018, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a broad measure of the cost of overnight cash borrowing collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, as an alternative to LIBOR. A transition away from the widespread use of LIBOR to SOFR or another benchmark rate may occur over the next few years.
We are evaluating our current exposure to LIBOR-based financial instruments, such as derivatives we use for hedging. The effect of the discontinuance of or any changes to LIBOR on new or existing financial instruments to which we have exposure will vary depending on whether fallback provisions exist in individual contracts and whether, how, and when industry participants develop and widely adopt new benchmark rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new instruments. Accordingly, at this time, we cannot predict the overall effect of the discontinuation of LIBOR or the establishment of alternative benchmark rates. The discontinuation of LIBOR or the establishment of alternative benchmark rates, or any uncertainty in relation to the timing and manner of such actions, could have an adverse effect on the value of investments in our investment portfolio, derivatives we use for hedging, or other indebtedness, securities or commercial contracts to which we are a party.
Operational Risk Factors
Our actual experience could differ from our estimates and assumptions. Our product pricing includes long-term assumptions such as investment returns, mortality, morbidity (the rate of incidence of illness), persistency (the rate at which policies remain in-force), and operating expenses. Our profitability substantially depends on actual experience being consistent with or better than these assumptions. If we fail to appropriately price our insured risks, or if claims experience is more severe than we assumed, our earnings and financial condition may be negatively affected. Conversely, significantly overpriced risks may negatively impact new business sales and retention of existing business.
Our loss reserves are estimates of amounts needed to pay and administer incurred claims and, as such, are inherently uncertain; they do not and cannot represent exact measures of liability. Inflationary events, especially events outside of historical norms, or regulatory changes that affect the assumptions underlying our estimates can cause variability. For example, increases in costs for auto parts and repair services, construction costs, and commodities (whether as a result of market forces, tariffs or other conditions or events) result in higher losses for property damage claims. Accordingly, our loss reserves could prove to be inadequate to cover our actual losses and related expenses. See Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates — Reserves for additional information.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
With respect to our investments, the determination of estimates for allowances and impairments varies by investment type and is based upon our periodic evaluation of known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset class. Historical trends and assumed changes may not be indicative of future impairments or allowances. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of our evaluation of impairments.
Assumptions regarding the future realization of deferred tax assets are dependent upon estimating the generation of sufficient future taxable income, including capital gains. If future events differ from our current forecasts and it is determined that deferred tax assets cannot be realized, a deferred tax valuation allowance must be established, with a charge to expenses.
Interest rate fluctuations and other events may require us to accelerate the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”). When interest rates rise, life and annuity surrenders and withdrawals may increase as policyholders seek to buy products with higher or perceived higher returns, impacting estimates of future profits. Significantly lower future profits may cause us to accelerate DAC amortization, and such acceleration could adversely affect our results of operations to the extent such amortization exceeds any surrender or other charges earned as income upon surrender and withdrawal. See also Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Estimates, and Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices, and Note 10, Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
We may be unable to maintain the availability and performance of our systems and to safeguard our data and our customers' confidential information and privacy. We rely on the availability, reliability, and security of internet technologies, our internal networks, information-processing infrastructure, system platforms, business applications and third-party providers to receive, store, process, retrieve, calculate and evaluate customer and company information, including to provide insurance quotes, process premium payments, administer our products, provide customer support, file and pay claims and make changes to existing policies, among many other functions. We also use systems for investment management, financial reporting and data analysis to support our policyholder reserves and other actuarial estimates. We have developed or evolved strategies, and processes to secure, maintain and enhance our existing internal networks, technology and processing infrastructure and our information systems and to update or replace certain information systems to keep pace with advancing technology, changing customer preferences and expectations, and increasingly stringent industry and regulatory standards. However, system failures, extended unavailability or other outages, or damage or destruction to internal or external networks or systems, whether caused by intentional or unintentional acts or events, as well as difficulties arising from the implementation of system-security vulnerability patches, third-party system upgrades, and new systems and technologies, could compromise our ability to perform critical functions on a timely basis. For instance, if these systems were inaccessible or inoperable, or if they fail to function effectively or as designed, the resulting disruptions may impede or interrupt our business operations, cause misstated or unreliable financial data, or impact the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.
In certain lines of our business, our information technology and telecommunication systems interface with and rely upon third-party services, over which we have no direct control, including providers of computing infrastructure platforms or externally hosted systems commonly known as the “cloud.” We are highly dependent on our ability to access these external services for necessary business functions, such as acquiring new business, managing existing business, paying claims, and ensuring timely and accurate financial reporting. If we do not effectively develop, implement and monitor these relationships, if third-party providers do not perform as anticipated, if technological or other problems are incurred with a transition, or if outsourcing relationships relevant to our business process functions are terminated, we may not realize expected productivity improvements or cost-efficiencies, and we may experience operational difficulties, increased costs and a loss of business.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
We receive and transmit legally protected information with and among customers, agents, financial institutions and selected third party vendors and service providers, including personally identifiable information and non-public information. We have invested significant time and resources towards preventing and mitigating risks through security vulnerability assessments and several layers of data intrusion and detection protection technologies, designs and authentication capabilities. Our efforts may not be effective against all security threats and breach attempts in light of increasingly complex and persistent threat techniques and the evolving sophistication of individual and state-sponsored cyber-attacks. A breach, whether from external or internal sources, or from the theft or loss of equipment, can result in access, viewing, misappropriation, altering or deleting information in ours or a third party’s systems on which we rely, including customers’, agents’ and employees’ sensitive personal and financial information and our proprietary business information. Like other companies, we have experienced threats to our data and systems, including malware and ransomware, seeking to gain unauthorized access to systems and data or to cause disruptions in service. In addition, a limited number of spoofing attacks have been carried out by individuals impersonating customers, which have resulted in unauthorized withdrawals from certain customer accounts. Such withdrawals have been refunded by us, and we believe we have implemented appropriate business process changes to help mitigate future attacks. We are also licensing technology to further assist in the identification of these bad actors. To date, these various threats and attacks have not been material to our operations. However, any significant attacks, unauthorized access or disclosures, disruptions or other security breaches, whether affecting us or third parties, could result in substantial business disruption and consequences, including without limitation, costs of repairing or replacing systems, increased security costs, costs of customer notifications and credit monitoring services, lost revenues, litigation, regulatory action, fines and penalties, and harm to customer and producer confidence and our reputation. While we have purchased cybersecurity risk insurance and intend to assess the adequacy of this insurance annually, this insurance may not be sufficient in scope or amount to cover all of our losses from breaches of our data.
Cybersecurity risks may also cause an index’s performance to be incorrectly calculated, which could affect the calculation of values under certain of our insurance and annuity contracts. We are not responsible for the calculation of any index. Breaches in cybersecurity may also negatively affect the value of the securities or other investments that comprise or define an index.
Our failure to complete and implement technology initiatives in a timely manner could result in the loss of business and incurrence of software development costs that may not be recoverable. Data and analytics play an increasingly important role in the insurance industry. We may initiate multi-year technology projects from time to time to enhance operations or replace aging systems. While technology developments can enhance the utility and value of data and analytics, streamline business processes and ultimately reduce the cost of operations, technology initiatives can also present significant economic and organizational challenges, short-term costs and implementation risks. In addition, projections of expenses and implementation schedules could change materially and costs could escalate over time, while the ultimate utility of a technology initiative could deteriorate over time.
Due to the highly-regulated nature of the insurance industry, we also face increasing costs and competing time constraints in adapting technology to meet compliance requirements of new and proposed regulations. The costs to develop and implement systems to replace our aging systems and to comply with new regulatory requirements as needed over time are expected to be significant. Due to the complexities involved, there can be no assurances that new multi-year projects will be successful and that the costs incurred to develop and implement replacement systems will be recoverable. Furthermore, failure to implement replacement systems in a timely manner could result in loss of business from our delay or inability to design and introduce new insurance products that meet emerging consumer needs and competitive trends.
Employee and agent error and misconduct may be difficult to detect and prevent and may result in significant losses. The actions or inaction of our employees, agents, producers, managing general agents, managing general underwriters and third party administrators could result in losses arising from, among other things, fraud, errors, failure to properly document transactions, failure to obtain proper internal authorization, failure to maintain effective internal controls, or failure to comply with underwriting guidelines or regulatory requirements. It is not always possible to deter or prevent misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases.
Our business operations depend on our ability to appropriately distribute, execute and administer our policies and claims. Our primary business is writing and servicing life, annuity, property and casualty, and health insurance for individuals, families and businesses. Any problems or discrepancies that arise in our pricing, underwriting, billing, processing, claims handling or other practices, whether as a result of employee error, vendor error, or technological problems, could have a negative effect on operations and reputation, particularly if such problems or discrepancies are replicated through multiple policies.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which may adversely impact our Company.
It is necessary for us to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting to prevent fraud and errors and to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures to provide timely and reliable financial and other information. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, we disclosed certain material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. After enhancements to our internal controls, we concluded as of the end of fiscal year 2017 that our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. We have also concluded as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 that our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to prevent future material weaknesses or that there are no existing, but as yet undiscovered, weaknesses that we need to address. A failure to maintain adequate internal controls may adversely affect our ability to provide information that accurately reflects our financial condition on a timely basis. This could cause an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and the market price of our stock if investors, customers, rating agencies, regulators or others lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, if we become subject to SEC or other regulatory review and sanctions, or if we become subject to litigation that results in substantial fines, penalties or liabilities.
Catastrophic Event Risk Factors
We may incur significant losses resulting from catastrophic events. Our property and casualty operations are exposed to catastrophes caused by natural events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, droughts, earthquakes, snow, hail and windstorms, and manmade events, such as terrorism, riots, explosions, hazardous material releases, and utility outages. Our life and health insurance operations are exposed to the risk of catastrophic mortality or illness, such as a pandemic, an outbreak of an easily communicable disease, or another event that causes a large number of deaths or high morbidity. Our investment operations are exposed to catastrophes as a result of direct investments and mortgages related to real estate. Our operating results may vary significantly from one period to the next since the likelihood, timing, severity, number or type of catastrophe events cannot be accurately predicted. Our losses in connection with catastrophic events are primarily a function of the severity of the event and the amount of our exposure in the affected area.
The occurrence of events that are unanticipated in our business continuity and disaster recovery planning could impair our ability to conduct business effectively. Our corporate headquarters is located in Galveston, Texas, on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and in the past has been impacted by hurricanes. Our League City, Texas, offices are designed to support our operations and service our policyholders in the event of a hurricane or other natural disaster affecting Galveston. The primary offices of our property and casualty insurance companies are in Springfield, Missouri, and Glenmont, New York, which helps to insulate these facilities and their operations from coastal catastrophes. While we periodically test our business continuity and disaster recovery plans, the severity, timing, duration or extent of an event may be unanticipated by such plans, which could result in an adverse impact on our ability to conduct business. In the event a significant number of our employees or agents were unavailable or unable to work following such a disaster, or if our computer-based data processing, transmission, storage and retrieval systems were affected, our ability to effectively conduct our business could be compromised.
Climate change may adversely impact our results of operations.
There are concerns that the increased frequency and severity of weather-related catastrophes and other losses, such as wildfires, incurred by the industry in recent years is indicative of changing weather patterns, whether as a result of global climate change caused by human activities or otherwise, which could cause such events to persist. Increased weather-related catastrophes would lead to higher overall losses, which we may not be able to recoup, particularly in a highly regulated and competitive environment, and higher reinsurance costs. Certain catastrophe models assume an increase in frequency and severity of certain weather or other events, which could result in a disproportionate impact on insurers with certain geographic concentrations of risk. This would also likely increase the risks of writing property insurance in coastal areas or areas susceptible to wildfires or flooding, particularly in jurisdictions that restrict pricing and underwriting flexibility. The threat of rising seas or other catastrophe losses as a result of climate change may also cause property values in coastal or such other communities to decrease, reducing the total amount of insurance coverage that is required.
In addition, climate change could have an impact on assets in which we invest, resulting in realized and unrealized losses in future periods that could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and/or financial position. It is not possible to foresee which, if any, assets, industries or markets will be materially and adversely affected, nor is it possible to foresee the magnitude of such effect. Moreover, we cannot predict how legal, regulatory and social responses to concerns about global climate change will impact our business or the value of our investments.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
Marketplace Risk Factors
Our future results are dependent in part on successfully operating in insurance and annuity industries that are highly competitive with regard to customers and producers. Strong competition for customers has led to increased marketing and advertising by our competitors, many of whom have well-established national reputations and greater financial and marketing resources, as well as the introduction of new insurance products and aggressive pricing. These competitive pressures could result in increased pricing pressures on a number of our products and services, particularly as competitors seek to win market share, and may limit our ability to maintain or increase our profitability. Because of its relatively low cost of entry, the Internet has emerged as a significant place of new competition, both from existing competitors and new competitors. In addition, product development and life-cycles have shortened in many product segments, leading to intense competition with respect to product features.
We compete for customers’ funds with a variety of investment products offered by financial services companies other than insurance companies, such as banks, investment advisors, mutual fund companies and other financial institutions. Moreover, customer expectations are evolving as technology advances and consumers become accustomed to enjoying tailored, easy to-use-services and products from various industries. This is reshaping and raising consumer expectations when dealing with insurance. We are addressing these changing consumer expectations by investing in technology with a particular focus on consumer-facing sales and service platforms, by internally promoting a strategically-focused innovative culture initiative, and by creating internal forums to drive next generation solutions based on consumer insights. However, if we cannot effectively respond to increased competition and such increased consumer expectations, we may not be able to grow our business or we may lose market share.
We compete with other insurers for producers primarily on the basis of our financial position, reputation, stable ownership, support services, compensation, product features and pricing. We may be unable to compete for producers with insurers that adopt more aggressive pricing or compensation, that offer a broader array of products or packages of products, or that have extensive promotional and advertising campaigns.
Our supplemental health business could be negatively affected by alternative healthcare providers or changes in federal healthcare policy. Our Medicare Supplement business is impacted by market trends in the senior-aged healthcare industry that provide alternatives to traditional Medicare such as HMO and other managed care or private plans. Programs such as Medicare Advantage allow carriers to provide Medicare supplement benefits in a managed care package (i.e. HMO/PPO) that can be tailored to an insured’s state or even region depending on the size of the provider network. The benefit of Medicare Advantage is most people are familiar with how HMO’s and PPO’s operate and how the providers are built in. The success of these alternative healthcare solutions for seniors could negatively affect the sales and premium growth of traditional Medicare Supplement and impact our ability to offer such products. Additionally, other supplemental products in our portfolio, including Short-Term Care and Limited Benefit plans could be impacted by future federal and state legislation. These products are excluded from coverage requirements in the Healthcare Act. They are designed to fill the niche for consumers unable to get full coverage at any given time. State and federal legislation, either through Congress or the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS), could impact marketing by enacting laws and regulations restricting these products in the market. Changes to healthcare policy could limit the ability to renew/rewrite, impose limitations on the length of coverage periods or limit benefit amounts available in plans. We do not see major changes in healthcare policy for the remainder of 2020. Even if we assume a change in political power in Washington D.C. after the election, we probably would not see healthcare policy changes until later in 2021.
Litigation and Regulation Risk Factors
Litigation may result in significant financial losses and harm our reputation. Plaintiffs have brought and may bring lawsuits, including class actions, against us relating to, among other things, sales or underwriting practices, alleged agent misconduct, product design, product disclosure, product administration, fees charged, denial or delay of benefits, product suitability, claims-handling practices (including the permitted use of aftermarket, non-original equipment manufacturer auto parts), loss valuation methodology, refund practices, employment and producer contracting matters, and breaches of duties to customers. Plaintiffs may seek very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, and our reputation could be harmed. The damages claimed and the amount of any probable and estimable liability, if any, may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. Even when successful in the defense of such actions, we incur significant attorneys’ fees, direct litigation costs and substantial amounts of management time that otherwise would be devoted to our business.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
We are subject to extensive regulation, and potential further regulation may increase our operating costs, restrict our ability to innovate and limit our growth. We are subject to extensive insurance laws and regulations that affect nearly every aspect of our business. We are also subject to additional laws and regulations administered and enforced by a number of different governmental authorities, such as state securities and workforce regulators, the SEC, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), FINRA, the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), HHS, the Federal Trade Commission and state attorneys general, each of which exercises a degree of interpretive latitude. We face the risk that any particular regulator’s or enforcement authority’s interpretation of a legal issue may conflict with that of another regulator or enforcement authority or may change over time to our detriment. Regulatory investigations and examinations, which can be broad and unpredictable, may raise issues not identified previously and could result in new legal actions against us and industry-wide regulations that could adversely affect us. Further, we are experiencing increasing information requests from regulators without corresponding direct regulation being applicable to us, on issues such as climate change, diversity and our investments in certain companies or industries. Responding to such requests adds to our compliance burden.
The laws and regulations applicable to us are complex and subject to change, and compliance is time consuming and personnel-intensive. Changes in these laws and regulations, or interpretations by courts or regulators, may materially increase our costs of doing business and may result in changes to our practices that may limit our ability to grow and improve our profitability. Regulatory developments or actions against us could have material adverse financial effects and could harm our reputation. Among other things, we could be fined, prohibited from engaging in some or all of our business activities, or made subject to limitations or conditions on our business activities.
As insurance industry practices and legal, judicial, social, and other conditions outside of our control change, unexpected issues related to claims and coverage may emerge. These changes may include modifications to long established business practices or policy interpretations, which may adversely affect us by extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or by increasing the type, number, or size of claims. For example, many states have adopted legislation that is similar to the Model Unclaimed Life Insurance Benefits Act. Such legislation imposes requirements on insurers to periodically compare their life insurance and annuity contracts and retained asset accounts against the U.S. Social Security Administration’s Death Master File, investigate any potential matches, determine whether benefits are payable, and attempt to locate beneficiaries. Some states are attempting to apply these laws retroactively to existing policies. A number of states have aggressively audited life insurance companies, including us and some of our subsidiaries, for compliance with such laws, and more states could do so. Such audits have sought to identify unreported insured deaths and to determine whether any unpaid benefits, proceeds or other payments under life insurance or annuity contracts should be treated as unclaimed property to be escheated to the state. We have modified our claims process to stay current with emerging trends. It is possible that such audits may result in regulatory actions, litigation, administrative fines and penalties, interest, and additional changes to our procedures.
In January 2019, the NYDFS issued Circular Letter No. 1, in which the department set out its views concerning the use of external consumer data sources in the underwriting of life insurance. The NYDFS contends that external data sources can be unreliable and that many are not subject to regulatory oversight. Circular Letter No. 1 further highlights two particular areas of immediate concern for the NYDFS involving the use of external data sources by life insurers. First, the department states that the use of external data sources has a significant potential to negatively impact protected classes of consumers in violation of state and federal anti-discrimination laws, and that insurers should not use an external data source unless the insurer can prove that such source does not violate anti-discrimination laws. Second, the NYDFS contends that an insurer’s use of external data sources is often accompanied by a lack of transparency to consumers, which may implicate unfair trade practice law. Such guidance, or similar guidance adopted by other states, may significantly hinder our use of technological and innovative advances to underwrite and price life insurance accurately. This guidance may also deter the use of what is commonly called “big data” in the underwriting of property and casualty insurance.
Federal regulatory changes and initiatives have a growing impact on us. For example, Dodd-Frank provides for enhanced federal oversight of the financial services industry through multiple initiatives. Provisions of Dodd-Frank are or may become applicable to us, our competitors, or certain entities with which we do business. For example, it is possible that regulations issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) may extend, or be interpreted to extend, to the sale of certain insurance products by covered financial institutions, which could adversely affect sales of such products. The Federal Insurance Office, as a result of various studies it conducts, may also recommend changes in laws or regulations that affect our business. Although there have been proposals to revise or reverse some provisions of Dodd-Frank, the fate of such proposals is unclear, and we cannot predict with certainty how Dodd-Frank will continue to affect the financial markets generally or impact our business and results of operations.
19
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
Certain federal regulation may impact our property and casualty operations. In 2013, under the Obama Administration, HUD finalized a regulation under the Fair Housing Act that applies to home lenders, landlords and other housing providers. Such regulation prohibits lending and housing practices having a disparate impact against protected classes, even if there is no intent to discriminate. Various legal challenges to this regulation were pursued, culminating in a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in 2015 generally viewed as favorable to the regulation. More recently, the Trump Administration sought delay and reconsideration of the 2013 regulation. As a result, HUD has proposed a regulation that would substantially revise the 2013 regulation to make it more difficult for plaintiffs to bring disparate impact claims under the Fair Housing Act. Nevertheless, there is still concern among property and casualty insurers that the 2013 regulation, whether or not revised, could be applied in a manner that adversely impacts price differentiation for homeowners’ policies using traditional risk selection analysis. Further, it is uncertain to what extent the regulation may impact property and casualty industry underwriting practices. The proposed regulation, whether or not adopted in its present form, could increase litigation costs, force changes in underwriting practices, and impair our ability to write homeowners business profitably. In addition, Congress or states may enact legislation affecting insurers’ ability to use credit-based insurance scores as part of the property and casualty underwriting or rating process, which could force changes in underwriting practices and impair our property and casualty operations’ ability to write homeowners business profitably.
There have been federal efforts to change the standards of care applicable to broker-dealers and investment advisers. We have previously reported that in April 2016, the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) issued a regulation that significantly expanded the range of activities considered to be fiduciary investment advice under the Employee Retirement and Income Security Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “fiduciary rule”). The fiduciary rule would have applied ERISA’s fiduciary standard to many insurance agents, broker-dealers, advisers and others not previously subject to the standard when they sell annuities to IRA’s and qualified retirement plans. The fiduciary rule ultimately was vacated on June 21, 2018, by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ending the rule's effectiveness. However, there are indications that the DOL may propose an alternative rule.
We have previously reported that in April 2018, the SEC proposed a regulation addressing the standards of care applicable to broker-dealers and investment advisers. “Regulation Best Interest” would require a broker-dealer to act in the best interest of a retail customer when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities. On June 5, 2019, the SEC adopted Regulation Best Interest. The rule will require broker-dealers and investment advisers to provide retail customers a Client Relationship Summary (“Form CRS”) to disclose certain information about the nature of the customer’s relationship with their investment professional, including fees and costs associated with services and conflicts of interest the firm may have. Broker-dealers and investment advisers must begin complying with Regulation Best Interest and the Form CRS requirements by June 30, 2020.
There have also been state efforts to change the standards of care applicable to broker-dealers, investment advisers and insurance producers, including through the NAIC's Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation and the “Suitability and Best Interests in Life Insurance and Annuity Transactions” regulation adopted by the NYDFS. The NAIC model regulation places suitability responsibilities on insurance companies in the sale of fixed and indexed annuities, including responsibilities for training agents. The NAIC recently has adopted revisions to this model regulation that would further elevate the standard of care for annuity sales and harmonize it with the SEC's new Regulation Best Interest. We anticipate that the revised model will be adopted in some form by many of the states in which we do business. The NYDFS regulation addresses the duties and obligations of insurers and their producers and provides that any transactions with respect to life insurance policies and annuity contracts delivered or issued for delivery in New York must be in the best interest of the consumer and appropriately address the insurance needs and financial objectives of the consumer at the time of the transaction. It further requires that any recommendation must be based on an evaluation of the suitability information of the consumer and reflect the care, skill, prudence and diligence that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use under the prevailing circumstances. Further, a producer’s compensation and other incentives must not influence his or her recommendations. The New York regulation became effective for annuity products on August 1, 2019 and for life insurance products on February 1, 2020.
All or any of the above-described federal and state efforts to address the standards of care applicable to broker-dealers, investment advisers and insurance producers could materially affect how our life insurance and annuity products are designed, marketed and serviced. We may find it necessary to change our producer compensation practices, limit the assistance producers can provide to contract owners, replace or engage additional producers, or otherwise change how we design and support sales of our annuities. Any of these regulatory or legislative measures, or judicial rulings regarding the same, or consumer and producer reaction to such measures, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to sell annuities and certain other products and to retain in-force business.
20
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
Lastly, international standards continue to emerge in response to the globalization of the insurance industry and evolving standards of regulation, privacy, solvency measurement and risk management. Any international conventions or mandates that directly or indirectly impact or influence the nature of U.S. regulation or industry operations could negatively affect us.
For further discussions of the kinds of regulation applicable to us, see Item 1, Business, Regulations Applicable to Our Business section.
Changes in tax laws could adversely affect our business. Under current U.S. federal and state income tax laws, certain products we offer, primarily life insurance and annuities, receive tax treatment designed to encourage consumers to purchase these products. This treatment may encourage some consumers to select our products over non-insurance products. The U.S. Congress from time to time may consider legislation that would change the taxation of insurance products and/or reduce the taxation of competing products. Such legislation, if adopted, could materially change consumer behavior, which may harm our ability to sell such products and result in the surrender of some existing contracts and policies. In addition, changes in the U.S. federal and state estate tax laws could negatively affect the demand for the types of life insurance used in estate planning. Uncertainty regarding the tax structure in the future may also cause some current or future purchasers to delay or indefinitely postpone the purchase of products we offer.
On December 22, 2017, the federal government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”). Tax Reform made broad and complex changes to federal corporate tax law and resulted in changes to our overall tax obligations. Most notably, Tax Reform reduced the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. In addition, there were several changes that are specific to insurance companies, namely changes to the proration formula used to determine the amount of dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction and changes to the calculation of tax reserves associated with policyholder liabilities. Any changes in federal income tax laws or regulations, including changes to Tax Reform could adversely affect the federal income taxation of our ongoing operations and have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
New accounting rules or changes to existing accounting rules could negatively impact our business. We are required to comply with GAAP. A number of organizations are instrumental in the development and interpretation of GAAP, such as the SEC, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. GAAP is subject to review by these organizations and others and is, therefore, subject to change in ways that could change the current accounting treatments we apply.
We also must comply with Statutory Accounting Principles (“SAP”) in our insurance operations. SAP and various components of SAP (such as actuarial reserving methodology) are subject to review by the NAIC and its taskforces and committees, as well as state insurance departments.
Future changes to GAAP or SAP could impact our product profitability, reserve and capital requirements, financial condition or results of operations. See Note 3, Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion regarding the impact of the recently issued accounting pronouncements and the future adoption of new accounting standards on the Company.
Reinsurance and Counterparty Risk Factors
Reinsurance may not be available, affordable, adequate or collectible to protect us against losses. As part of our risk management strategy, we purchase reinsurance for certain risks that we underwrite. Market conditions, catastrophes, and geo-political events beyond our control, including the continued threat of terrorism, influence the availability and cost of reinsurance for new business. In certain circumstances, the price of existing reinsurance contracts may also increase. Reinsurance does not relieve us of our direct liability to our policyholders, even when the reinsurer is liable to us. Our reinsurers may not pay the reinsurance recoverables owed to us or they may not pay these balances on a timely basis.
The counterparties to derivative instruments we use to hedge our business risks could default or fail to perform. We enter into derivative contracts, such as options, with a number of counterparties to hedge various business risks. If our counterparties fail or refuse to honor their obligations, our economic hedges of the related risks will be ineffective. Such counterparty failures could have a material adverse effect on us. See Note 7, Derivative Instruments, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
21
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS — (Continued)
Other Risk Factors
Our financial strength ratings could be downgraded. Various Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) publish financial strength ratings as their opinion of an insurance company’s creditworthiness and ability to meet policyholder and contractholder obligations. As with other rated companies, our ratings could be downgraded at any time and without any notice by any NRSRO. A downgrade or an announced potential downgrade of our financial strength ratings could have multiple adverse effects on us including:
• | reducing new sales of insurance and annuity products or increasing the number or amount of surrenders and withdrawals; |
• | affecting our relationships with our sales force, independent sales intermediaries and credit counterparties; |
• | requiring us to offer higher crediting rates or greater policyholder guarantees on our insurance products in order to remain competitive; and |
• | affecting our ability to obtain reinsurance at reasonable prices. |
It is likely that the NRSROs will continue to apply a high level of scrutiny to financial institutions, including us and our competitors, and may adjust the capital, risk management and other requirements employed in the NRSRO models for maintenance of certain ratings levels.
We are controlled by a small number of stockholders. As of December 31, 2019, the Moody Foundation, a charitable trust, beneficially owned approximately 22.75% of our common stock. In addition, Moody National Bank, in its capacity as trustee or agent of various accounts, had the power to vote approximately 49.07% of our common stock as of such date. As a result, subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, these institutions have the ability to exercise a controlling influence over matters submitted for stockholder approval, including the composition of our Board of Directors, and through the Board of Directors any determination with respect to our business direction and policies. This concentration of voting power could deter a change of control or other business combination that might be beneficial or preferable to other stockholders. It may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock if controlling stockholders sell a significant number of shares or if investors perceive disadvantages in owning stock in a company controlled by a small number of stockholders.
Advances in medical technology may adversely affect our business. Genetic testing and diagnostic imaging technology is advancing rapidly. Increases in the prevalence, availability (particularly in the case of direct to consumer genetic testing) and accuracy of such testing may increase our adverse selection risk, as people who learn that they are predisposed to certain medical conditions associated with reduced life expectancy may be more likely to purchase and maintain life insurance. Conversely, people who learn that they lack genetic predisposition to conditions associated with reduced life expectancy may forego the purchase of life insurance, or permit existing policies to lapse, and may be more likely to purchase certain annuity products. Our access to and ability to use medical information, including the results of genetic and diagnostic testing, that is known to our prospective policyholders is important to our underwriting of life insurance and annuities. Some states restrict insurers’ access and use of genetic information, and similar additional regulations and legislation may be adopted. Such regulation and legislation likely would exacerbate adverse risk selection related to genetic and diagnostic testing.
In addition to earlier diagnosis and knowledge of disease risk, medical advances may increase overall health and longevity. If this were to occur, the duration of payments made under certain of our annuity products would be extended beyond our actuarial assumptions, reducing the profitability of such business. This may require us to modify our assumptions, models or reserves.
See also Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, for additional details regarding certain risks that we face.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We own and occupy our corporate headquarters in Galveston, Texas. We also own and occupy the following properties that are materially important to our operations:
• | Three buildings in League City, Texas, which are used primarily by our Life, Health, and Corporate and Other segments. |
• | Five buildings, four in Springfield, Missouri, and the other in Glenmont, New York, which are used primarily by our Property and Casualty segment. |
We believe our properties are adequate and suitable for our business as currently conducted and are adequately maintained. The above does not include properties we own only for investment purposes.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information required for Item 3 is incorporated by reference to the discussion under the heading “Litigation” in Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Stockholder Information
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “ANAT.”
On December 31, 2019, our year-end closing stock price was $117.68 per share, and there were 629 holders of record of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information regarding our common stock that is authorized for issuance under American National’s 1999 Stock and Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2019:
Equity Compensation Plan Information | ||||||||||
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) | ||||||||
(a) | (b) | (c) | ||||||||
Plan category | ||||||||||
Equity compensation plans | ||||||||||
Approved by security holders | — | $ | 80.05 | 2,402,074 | ||||||
Not approved by security holders | — | — | — | |||||||
Total | — | $ | 80.05 | 2,402,074 | ||||||
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES — (Continued)
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative stockholder return for our common stock for the last five years with the performance of the NASDAQ Stock Market and a NASDAQ Insurance Stock index using NASDAQ OMX Global Indexes. It shows the cumulative changes in value of an initial $100 investment on December 31, 2014, with all dividends reinvested.
Value at each year-end of a $100 initial investment made on December 31, 2014:
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
American National (ANAT) | $ | 100.00 | $ | 91.29 | $ | 113.31 | $ | 119.13 | $ | 120.99 | $ | 115.44 | ||||||||||||
NASDAQ Total OMX | 100.00 | 99.15 | 112.05 | 136.01 | 128.60 | 168.69 | ||||||||||||||||||
NASDAQ Insurance OMX | 100.00 | 99.26 | 119.55 | 139.81 | 130.40 | 159.18 | ||||||||||||||||||
This performance graph shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into our SEC filings or to constitute soliciting material or otherwise be considered filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
American National Insurance Company
(and its subsidiaries)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except per share data) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017** | 2016** | 2015** | |||||||||||||||
Premiums and other revenues | $ | 4,070 | $ | 3,326 | $ | 3,411 | $ | 3,228 | $ | 3,017 | ||||||||||
Income from continuing operations, net of tax* | 632 | 160 | 496 | 183 | 242 | |||||||||||||||
Net income* | 632 | 160 | 496 | 183 | 242 | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National* | 620 | 159 | 494 | 181 | 243 | |||||||||||||||
Per common share | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations, net of tax* | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 23.50 | 5.97 | 18.43 | 6.79 | 9.02 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted | 23.49 | 5.96 | 18.38 | 6.77 | 8.99 | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National* | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 23.08 | 5.91 | 18.35 | 6.73 | 9.04 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted | 23.07 | 5.91 | 18.31 | 6.71 | 9.02 | |||||||||||||||
Cash dividends per share | 3.28 | 3.28 | 3.28 | 3.26 | 3.14 | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 28,598 | $ | 26,912 | $ | 26,387 | $ | 24,533 | $ | 23,766 | ||||||||||
Total American National stockholders’ equity | 5,990 | 5,257 | 5,247 | 4,652 | 4,452 | |||||||||||||||
Total equity | 5,996 | 5,272 | 5,256 | 4,661 | 4,462 | |||||||||||||||
* | Results for the year ended December 31, 2017 include the impact of the U. S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform") of a $206.4 million tax benefit, primarily due to the remeasurement of our existing deferred tax balances to a 21% corporate income tax rate. Excluding the impact of Tax Reform, the Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $287.3 million and net earnings per basic and diluted share would have been $10.68 and $10.65, respectively. |
** | Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-01. As a result, unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are no longer recognized in other comprehensive income; rather, all changes in the fair value of equity securities are now recognized in earnings. Results for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 have not been restated to conform to the current presentation. See Note 3, Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. |
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements made in this report, including but not limited to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto appearing in Item 8 herein, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Item 7 ("MD&A"), and the exhibits and financial statement schedules filed as a part hereof or incorporated by reference herein, may contain or incorporate by reference information that includes or is based upon forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally are indicated by words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “will” or words of similar meaning, and include, without limitation, statements regarding the outlook of our business and expected financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to changes and uncertainties which are, in many instances, beyond our control and have been made based upon our assumptions, expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect upon us. There can be no assurance that future developments will be in accordance with our expectations, or that the effect of future developments on us will be as anticipated. It is not a matter of corporate policy for us to make specific projections relating to future earnings, and we do not endorse any projections regarding future performance made by others. Additionally, we do not publicly update or revise forward-looking statements based on the outcome of various foreseeable or unforeseeable events. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve various risks and uncertainties. There are certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements, including without limitation risks, uncertainties and other factors discussed in Item 1A, Risk Factors and elsewhere in this report, such as:
• | Economic & Investment Risk Factors |
• | potential for difficult conditions in the economy, which may not improve in the near future, and risks related to persistently low or unpredictable interest rates; |
• | fluctuations in the markets for fixed maturity securities, equity securities, and commercial real estate, which could adversely affect the valuation of our investment portfolio, our net investment income, our retirement expense, and sales of or fees from certain of our products; |
• | lack of liquidity for certain of our investments; |
• | risk of investment losses and defaults; |
• | Operational Risk Factors |
• | differences between actual experience regarding mortality, morbidity, persistency, expense, surrenders and investment returns, and our assumptions for product pricing, establishing liabilities and reserves or for other purposes; |
• | potential ineffectiveness of our risk management policies and procedures; |
• | changes in our experience related to deferred policy acquisition costs; |
• | failures or limitations of our computer, information security and administration systems; |
• | failure to complete and implement technology initiatives in a timely manner; |
• | potential employee error or misconduct, which may result in fraud or adversely affect the execution and administration of our policies and claims; |
• | potential ineffectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting; |
• | Catastrophic Event Risk Factors |
• | natural or man-made catastrophes, pandemic disease, or other events resulting in increased claims activity from catastrophic loss of life or property; |
• | the effects of unanticipated events on our disaster recovery and business continuity planning; |
• | the effects of global climate change; |
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
• | Marketplace Risk Factors |
• | the highly competitive nature of the insurance and annuity business; |
• | potential difficulty in attraction and retention of qualified employees and agents; |
• | the introduction of alternative healthcare solutions or changes in federal healthcare policy, both of which could impact our supplemental healthcare business; |
• | Litigation and Regulation Risk Factors |
• | adverse determinations in litigation or regulatory proceedings which may result in significant financial losses and harm our reputation; |
• | significant changes in government regulation; |
• | changes in tax law; |
• | changes in statutory or U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), practices or policies; |
• | Reinsurance and Counterparty Risk Factors |
• | potential changes in the availability, affordability, adequacy and collectability of reinsurance protection; |
• | potential default or failure to perform by the counterparties to our reinsurance arrangements and derivative instruments; |
• | Other Risk Factors |
• | potentially adverse rating agency actions; |
• | control of our company by a small number of stockholders; and |
• | advances in medical technology and testing, which may increase our adverse selection risk. |
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. For comparison of 2018 to 2017, see "Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019.
28
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Overview
Chartered in 1905, we are a diversified insurance and financial services company offering a broad spectrum of insurance products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Our headquarters are in Galveston, Texas.
Our business has been and will continue to be influenced by a number of industry-wide, segment or product-specific trends and conditions. In our discussion below, we first outline the broad macro-economic or industry trends (General Trends) that we expect to impact our overall business. Second, we discuss certain segment-specific trends we believe may impact individual segments or specific products within these segments.
Segments
The insurance segments do not directly own assets. Rather, assets are allocated to support the liabilities and capital allocated to each segment. The mix of assets allocated to each of the insurance segments is intended to support the characteristics of the insurance liabilities within each segment including expected cash flows and pricing assumptions, and is intended to be sufficient to support each segment’s business activities. We have utilized this methodology consistently over all periods presented.
The Corporate and Other segment acts as the owner of all of the invested assets of the Company. The investment income from the invested assets is allocated to the insurance segments in accordance with the assets allocated to each insurance segment. Earnings of the Corporate and Other segment are derived from income related to invested assets not allocated to the insurance segments and from our non-insurance subsidiaries. All realized investment gains and losses, which includes other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”), are recorded in this segment.
General Trends
Our business, financial condition and results of operations are materially affected by economic and financial market conditions. The U.S. and global economies, as well as the capital markets, continue to show mixed signals, and uncertainties continue to be significant factors in the markets in which we operate. Factors such as consumer spending, business investment, the volatility of the capital markets, the level of interest rates, unemployment, the level of participation in the workforce and the risk of inflation or deflation will affect the business and economic environment and, in turn, impact the demand for the type of financial and insurance products we offer. Adverse changes in the economy could have a material adverse effect on us. However, we believe those risks are somewhat mitigated by our financial strength, active enterprise risk management and disciplined underwriting for our products. Our diverse product mix and distribution channels across insurance segments is a strength that we expect will help us adapt to the volatile economic environment and give us the ability to serve the changing needs of our customers. Additionally, through our long-term business approach, we believe we are financially strong, and we are committed to providing a steady and reliable source of financial protection for policyholders.
Interest Rates: The low-interest rate environment is a challenge for life insurers as the spreads on deposit-type contracts remain narrow, especially as interest rates have approached minimum crediting rates. Low market interest rates reduce the spreads between the amounts we credit to fixed annuity and individual life policyholders and the amounts we earn on the investments that support these obligations. Our ALM Committee actively manages the profitability of these in-force blocks of business. In previous years, we reduced the guaranteed minimum crediting rates on new fixed annuity contracts, which has afforded us the flexibility to respond to the unusually low-interest rate environment. We have also reduced crediting rates on in-force contracts, where permitted to do so. These actions help mitigate the adverse impact of low interest rates on the profitability of these products, although sales volume may be negatively impacted as a result. We also maintain assets with various maturities to support product liabilities and ensure liquidity. A gradual increase in longer-term interest rates relative to short-term rates generally will have a favorable effect on the profitability of our products. Rapidly rising interest rates could result in reduced persistency of our spread-based products, if contract holders shift assets into higher yielding investments. We believe our ability to react quickly to the changing marketplace will help us manage this risk.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The interest rate environment affects estimated future profit projections, which could impact the amortization of our DAC assets and the estimates of policyholder liabilities. Significantly lower future estimated profits may cause us to accelerate the amortization of DAC or require us to establish additional policyholder liabilities, thereby reducing earnings. We periodically review assumptions with respect to future earnings to ensure they remain appropriate considering the current interest rate environment.
Low interest rates are also challenging for property and casualty insurers. Investment income is an important element in earning an acceptable return on capital. Lower interest rates resulting in lower investment income require us to achieve better underwriting results. We have adjusted policy prices to help mitigate the adverse impact of low interest rates on our property and casualty business.
Changing Regulatory Environment: The insurance industry is primarily regulated at the state level, although some life and annuity products and services are also subject to U.S. federal regulation. We are regularly subjected to additional or changing regulation that requires us to update systems, change product structure, increase the amount of reporting or adopt changes to distribution. These changes may increase the capital requirements for us and the industry, increase operating costs, change our operating practices and change our ability to provide products with pricing attractive to the marketplace.
Importance of Operating Efficiencies: The volatile economic environment and costs associated with greater regulation create a further need for operating efficiencies. We manage our cost base while maintaining our commitment to provide superior customer service to policyholders and agents. Investments in technology are coordinated through a disciplined project management process. We anticipate continually improving our use of technology to enhance our policyholders’ and agents’ experience and increase our overall operating effectiveness.
Increased Role of Advanced Technology: The use of mobile technology has changed the way consumers want to conduct their business, including real-time access to information. Many customers expect to complete transactions in a digital format instead of traditional methods that require a phone call or submission of paper forms. Social media and other customer-facing technologies also reshape the way companies communicate and collaborate with key stakeholders, and new tools exist to better collect and analyze information for potential business opportunities and better manage risks. For example, American National has mobile-enabled all of its Internet-based access and leverages social media channels to reach out to potential customers to promote awareness of the company, including the products and services offered. We expect that technology will continue to evolve, offering new and more effective ways to reach and service our customers and shareholders. We evaluate available and evolving technologies and incorporate those we believe offer appropriate benefits to the company and its customers.
Continued Challenges of Talent Attraction and Retention: Attracting qualified individuals and retaining existing employees is a continuing challenge for employers. Businesses have become extremely competitive in the talent marketplace and particularly with such low unemployment. As a result, it grows increasingly challenging to distinguish American National as the employer of choice.
To address these challenges, we have expanded the use of technology and social media to enhance our employer brand and educate candidates on why they should work for us. We’ve worked hard to develop a diverse and inclusive workforce which not only strengthens the engagement of our current employee population, but also helps make us an attractive employer. To help improve our employee retention and to continue to learn, we strive to listen to our employees’ voices, value different perspectives and encourage broader employee influence on how decisions are made. Providing robust career development, personal growth opportunities and effective succession planning are also important elements of our retention and employee development efforts.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Life and Annuity
Life insurance and annuity are mainstay segments, as they have been during our long history. We believe that the combination of predictable and decreasing mortality rates, positive cash flow generation for many years after policy issue and favorable persistency characteristics suggest a viable and profitable future for these lines of business.
Effective management of invested assets and associated liabilities using crediting rates and, where applicable, financial hedging instruments (which we use as economic hedges of equity-indexed life and annuity products), is important to the success of our Life and Annuity segments. Asset “disintermediation,” the risk of large outflows of cash at times when it is disadvantageous to us to dispose of invested assets, is a risk associated with these segments as are rates of mortality and surrenders that exceed our assumptions.
Demographics: We believe a key driver shaping the actions of the life insurance industry is the rising income protection, wealth accumulation and insurance needs of an increasing number of retirees. As a result of increasing longevity and uncertainty regarding the Social Security System and an ongoing transition from defined benefit pension plans to 401(k) type retirement plans, retirees will need to accumulate sufficient savings to support retirement income requirements.
We believe we are well positioned to address the increasing need for savings tools and income protection. We believe our overall financial strength and broad distribution channels position us to respond with a variety of products for individuals approaching retirement age, who seek information to plan for and manage their retirement needs. We believe our products that offer guaranteed income flows for life, including single premium immediate annuities, are well suited to serve this market.
Competitive Pressures: In recent years, the competitive landscape of the U.S. life insurance industry has shifted. Established insurers are competing against each other and also against new market entrants that are developing products to attract the interest of the growing number of retirees. Competition exists in terms of retaining and acquiring consumers’ business and also in terms of access to producers and distributors. Consolidation among distributors coupled with the aging sales force remains a challenge among insurers. In addition, the increased technological sophistication of consumers necessitates that insurers and distributors invest significant resources in technology to adapt to consumer expectations. We believe we possess sufficient scale, financial strength, resources and flexibility to compete effectively.
We believe we will continue to be competitive in the life and annuity markets through our broad line of products, diverse distribution channels, and consistent high level of customer service. We modify our products to meet customer needs and to expand our reach where we believe we can obtain profitable growth.
Health
Most of the major provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and a reconciliation measure, the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the "Healthcare Acts”), phased in effective January 1, 2014. The Healthcare Acts mandated broad changes in the delivery of health care benefits that have impacted our business model including our relationships with current and future customers, producers, and health care providers, as well as our products, services and processes. As a result, the Healthcare Acts generated new opportunities in the limited benefit and supplemental product markets. In recent years, we built a portfolio of such products to be sold in the worksite market as well as to individuals. We believe that recent changes to the Healthcare Acts that removed the tax consequences for not having health coverage and the removal of limitations on Short Term Medical products could significantly increase our production. We also continue to expand our presence in the worksite market to generate new opportunities in the broker market, as well as developing and implementing a captive sales force.
We expect our Managing General Underwriter (“MGU”) business to remain stable during 2020. We generally retain only 10% of the premiums and risks produced by MGUs. The majority of the revenue generated from this business is fee income included in “Other income” of the Health segment’s operating results.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Property and Casualty
We offer our personal and commercial property and casualty lines of business primarily through our multiple line agencies. We favor a balanced, focused and collaborative approach to both growth and profitability through the development of successful agencies.
To acquire and retain profitable business, we use sophisticated pricing models and risk segmentation, along with a focused distribution force. We believe this approach allows us to make product enhancements and offer programs that are charging an appropriate premium for the risk.
Demand for property and casualty credit-related insurance products continues to increase. We continue to update credit-related insurance product offerings and pricing to meet changing market needs, as well as adding new agents to expand market share in the credit-related insurance market. We are reviewing and implementing procedures to enhance customer service while, at the same time, looking for efficiencies to reduce administrative costs.
Competitive Pressures: The property and casualty insurance industry remains highly competitive. Despite the competitive environment, we expect to identify profitable opportunities through our strong distribution channels, expanding geographic coverage, marketing efforts, new product development and pricing sophistication.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that often involve a significant degree of judgment. These estimates and judgments include expectations of current and future mortality, morbidity, persistency, claims and claim adjustment expenses, recoverability of receivables, investment returns and interest rates which extend well into the future. In developing these estimates, there is inherent uncertainty, and material changes to facts and circumstances may develop. Although variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe the amounts as reported are appropriate, based upon the facts available upon compilation of the consolidated financial statements.
On an ongoing basis, management reviews the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the financial statements. If current facts and circumstances warrant modifications in estimates and assumptions, our financial position and results of operations as reported in the consolidated financial statements could change significantly.
A description of these critical accounting estimates is presented below. Also, see the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Reserves
Life and Annuity Reserves
Life Reserving–Principal assumptions used in the determination of the reserves for future policy benefits are mortality, policy lapse rates, investment return, inflation, expenses and other contingent events as appropriate to the respective product type. Reserves for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims on life policies are calculated using historical claims information. Reserves for interest-sensitive and variable universal life insurance policies are equal to the current account value calculated for the policyholder. Some of our universal life policies contain secondary guarantees, for which additional reserves are recorded based on the term of the policy.
Annuity Reserving–Reserves for payout annuities with more than insignificant amounts of mortality risk are calculated in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for limited pay insurance contracts. Benefit and maintenance expense reserves are calculated by using assumptions reflecting our expectations of future costs, including an appropriate margin for adverse deviation. These assumptions are locked-in at issue and generally reflect pricing assumptions from that period. If the resulting reserve would otherwise cause profits to be recognized at the issue date, additional reserves are recorded. The resulting recognition of profits would be gradual over the expected life of the contract.
Reserves for fixed deferred annuities are established equivalent to the account value held on behalf of the policyholder. Reserves for indexed annuities are calculated in accordance with derivative accounting guidance which defines a host liability for return of principal and guaranteed interest, and an embedded derivative liability for funded benefits in excess of the host guarantee. Additional reserves for benefits that can exceed contract fund value, such as lifetime income riders, are determined as needed in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. The profit recognition on deferred annuity contracts is gradual over the expected life of the contract. No immediate profit is recognized on the sale of the contract.
Key Assumptions–The following assumptions reflect our best estimates and may impact our life and annuity reserves:
• | Future lapse rates will remain reasonably consistent with our current expectations; |
• | Mortality rates will remain reasonably consistent within standard industry mortality table ranges; and |
• | Future interest spreads will remain reasonably consistent with our current expectations. |
Recoverability–At least annually, we test the adequacy of the net benefit reserves (policy benefit reserves less DAC) recorded for life insurance and annuity products. To perform the tests, we use our current best-estimate assumptions as to policyholder mortality, persistency, maintenance expenses and invested asset returns.
For interest-sensitive business, best-estimate assumptions are updated to reflect observed changes based on experience studies and current economic conditions. We reflect the effect of such assumption changes in DAC and reserve balances accordingly. Due to the long-term nature of many of the liabilities, small changes in certain assumptions may cause large changes in profitability. In particular, changes in estimates of the future invested asset return have a large effect on the degree of reserve adequacy and DAC recoverability.
For traditional business, a “lock-in” principle applies, whereby the assumptions used to calculate the benefit reserves and DAC are set when a policy is issued and do not change with changes in actual experience. These include margins for adverse deviation in the event that actual experience differs from the original assumptions.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Health Reserves
Health reserves are established using the following methods:
Completion Factor Approach–This method assumes that the historical claim patterns will be an accurate representation of unpaid claim liabilities. An estimate of the unpaid claims is calculated by subtracting period-to-date paid claims from an estimate of the ultimate “complete” payment for all incurred claims in the period. Completion factors are calculated which “complete” the current period-to-date payment totals for each incurred month to estimate the ultimate expected payout.
Tabular Claims Reserves–This method is used to calculate the reserves for disability income blocks of business. These reserves rely on published valuation continuance tables created using industry experience regarding assumptions of continued morbidity and subsequent recovery. Reserves are calculated by applying these continuance tables, along with appropriate company experience adjustments, to the stream of contractual benefit payments. These expected benefit payments are discounted at the required interest rate.
Future Policy Benefits–Reserves are equal to the aggregate of the present value of expected future benefit payments, less the present value of expected future premiums. Morbidity and termination assumptions are based on our experience or published valuation tables when available and appropriate.
Premium Deficiency Reserves–Deficiency reserves are established when the expected future claim payments and expenses for a classification of policies are in excess of the expected premiums for these policies. The determination of a deficiency reserve takes into consideration the likelihood of premium rate increases, the timing of these increases, and the expected benefit utilization patterns. We have established premium deficiency reserves for portions of the major medical business and the long-term care business that are in run-off. The assumptions and methods used to determine the deficiency reserves are reviewed periodically for reasonableness, and the reserve amount is monitored against emerging losses.
Property and Casualty Reserves
Reserves for Claims and Claim Adjustment Expense (“CAE”)–Property and casualty reserves are established to provide for the estimated cost of settling and paying both reported (“case”) as well as incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims. The two major categories of CAE are defense and cost containment expense, and adjusting and other expense. The details of property and casualty reserves are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross | Ceded | Net | Gross | Ceded | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
Case | $ | 656,367 | $ | 62,543 | $ | 593,824 | $ | 691,101 | $ | 57,296 | $ | 633,805 | ||||||||||||
IBNR | 449,718 | 25,826 | 423,892 | 360,872 | 21,736 | 339,136 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,106,085 | $ | 88,369 | $ | 1,017,716 | $ | 1,051,973 | $ | 79,032 | $ | 972,941 | ||||||||||||
Case Reserves–Reserves for reported losses are determined on either a judgment or a formula basis, depending on the timing and type of the loss. The formula reserve is a fixed amount for each claim of a given type based on historical paid loss data for similar claims with a provision for claim inflation. Judgment reserve amounts replace initial formula reserves and are set for each loss based on facts and circumstances of each case and the expectation of damages. We regularly monitor the adequacy of reserves on a case-by-case basis and change the amount of such reserves as necessary.
IBNR–IBNR reserves are estimated based on many variables including historical statistical information, inflation, legal environment, economic conditions, trends in claim severity and frequency as well as other factors affecting the adequacy of claim reserves. Loss and premium data is aggregated by exposure class and by accident year. IBNR reserves are estimated by projecting ultimate losses on each class of business and subtracting paid losses and case reserves. Our overall reserve practice provides for ongoing claims evaluation and adjustment based on the development of related data and other relevant information pertaining to claims. Adjustments in aggregate reserves, if any, are included in the results of operations of the period during which such adjustments are made.
We believe we conservatively reflect the potential uncertainty generated by volatility in our loss development profiles when selecting loss development factor patterns for each line of business. See Note 12, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The evaluation process to determine reserves involves the collaboration of underwriting, claims and actuarial departments. The process also includes consultation with independent actuarial firms as part of our process of gaining reassurance that claims and CAE reserves estimate sufficiently, all obligations arising from all losses incurred as of year-end. The independent actuarial firm completes the Statements of Actuarial Opinion required by individual state insurance regulations at each year-end, opining that the recorded statutory claims and CAE reserves are reasonable.
Premium Deficiency Reserve—Deficiency reserves are recorded when the expected claims payments and policy maintenance costs for a product line exceed the expected premiums for that product line. The estimation of a deficiency reserve considers the current profitability of a product line using anticipated claims, CAE, and policy maintenance costs. The assumptions and methods used to determine the need for deficiency reserves are reviewed periodically for reasonableness. There were no reserves of this type at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Property and Casualty Reserving Methodology—The following methods are utilized:
• | Initial Expected Loss Ratio–This method calculates an estimate of ultimate losses by applying an estimated loss ratio to actual earned premium for each calendar/accident year. This method is appropriate for classes of business where the actual paid or reported loss experience is not yet mature enough to influence initial expectations of the ultimate loss ratios. |
• | Bornhuetter-Ferguson–This method uses as a starting point an assumed initial expected loss ratio method and blends in the loss ratio implied by the claims experience to date by using loss development patterns based on our historical experience. This method is generally appropriate where there are few reported claims and an unstable pattern of reported losses. |
• | Loss or Expense Development (Chain Ladder)–This method uses actual loss or defense and cost containment expense data and the historical development profiles on older accident periods to project more recent, less developed periods to their ultimate total. This method is appropriate when there is a relatively stable pattern of loss and expense emergence and a relatively large number of reported claims. |
• | Ratio of Paid Defense and Cost Containment Expense to Paid Loss Development–This method uses the ratio of paid defense and cost containment expense to paid loss data and the historical development profiles on older accident periods to project more recent, less developed periods to their ultimate total. In this method, an ultimate ratio of paid defense and cost containment expense to paid loss is selected for each accident period. The selected paid defense and cost containment expense to paid loss ratio is then applied to the selected ultimate loss for each accident period to estimate the ultimate defense and cost containment expense. Paid defense and cost containment expense is then subtracted from the ultimate defense and cost containment expense to calculate the unpaid defense and cost containment expense for that accident period. |
• | Calendar Year Paid Adjusting and Other Expense to Paid Loss–This method uses a selected prior calendar years’ paid expense to paid loss ratio to project ultimate loss adjustment expenses for adjusting and other expense. A percentage of the selected ratio is applied to the case reserves (depending on the line of insurance) and 100% to the indicated IBNR reserves. These ratios assume that a percentage of the expense is incurred when a claim is opened and the remaining percentage is paid throughout the claim's life. |
• | Pegged Frequency and Severity—Uses actual claims count data and emergence patterns of older accident periods to project the ultimate number of reported claims for a given accident year. A similar process projects the ultimate average severity per claim so that the product of the two projections results in a projection of ultimate loss for a given accident year. |
The basis of our selected single point best estimate on a particular line of business is often a blended result from two or more methods (e.g. weighted averages). Our estimate is highly dependent on actuarial and management judgment as to which method(s) is most appropriate for a particular accident year and class of business. Our methodology changes over time, as new information emerges regarding underlying loss activity and other factors.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Key Assumptions—The following assumptions may impact our property and casualty reserves:
• | Stability of future inflation rates and consistency with historical inflation norms; |
• | The expected loss development patterns; |
• | Consistent claims handling, reserving and payment processes; |
• | No unusual growth patterns or unexpected changes in the mix of business; and |
• | No significant prospective changes in laws that would significantly affect future payouts. |
The loss ratio selections and development profiles are developed primarily using our historical claims and loss experience. These development patterns reflect prior inflation rates, and could be impacted by future changes in inflation rates, particularly those relating to medical care costs, automobile repair parts and building or home material costs. These assumptions have not been modified from the preceding periods and are consistent with historical loss reserve development patterns.
For the lines of business we write, future inflation rates could vary from our assumption of relatively stable rates. Unexpected changes in future inflation rates could impact our financial position and liquidity, and we measure the sensitivity of our reserve levels to unexpected changes in inflation. The impacts of future inflation for a 1.0% decrease and 3.0% increase over the implied inflation rate in the December 31, 2019 gross loss reserve balance on direct written business are as follows (amounts in thousands):
Cumulative Increase (Decrease) in Reserves | 1.0% Decrease | 3.0% Increase | ||||||
Personal | ||||||||
Automobile | $ | (5,461 | ) | $ | 16,358 | |||
Homeowner | (1,018 | ) | 3,148 | |||||
Commercial | ||||||||
Agricultural Business | (10,335 | ) | 33,723 | |||||
Automobile | (3,274 | ) | 8,854 | |||||
Credit | (375 | ) | 1,144 | |||||
It is not appropriate to aggregate the impacts shown in the sensitivity analysis above. Each was estimated in isolation of the others and are not expected to occur at the same time and in the same magnitude as shown. The variations are not meant to demonstrate what we believe to be “best-case” or “worst-case” scenarios, and it is possible that future variations will be more or less than the amounts in the sensitivity analysis. While these are possible scenarios based on the information available to us at this time, we do not believe the reader should consider our sensitivity analysis to generate either what we consider to be a range of reasonable reserve estimates or what we consider to be a range of all possible outcomes.
Management believes our reserves at December 31, 2019 are adequate. New information, regulation, events or circumstances unknown at the original valuation date, however, may result in future development resulting in ultimate losses being significantly greater or less than the recorded reserves at December 31, 2019.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
We had a DAC asset of approximately $1.42 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 10, Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
We believe the estimates used in our DAC calculations provide an example of how variations in assumptions and estimates would affect our business. The following table displays the sensitivity of reasonably likely changes in assumptions in the DAC amortization for our long-tail business at December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Increase (Decrease) in DAC | |||
Increase in future investment margins of 25 basis points | $ | 38,363 | |
Decrease in future investment margins of 25 basis points | (42,369 | ) | |
Decrease in future life mortality by 1% | 1,736 | ||
Increase in future life mortality by 1% | (1,710 | ) | |
Reinsurance
We manage our insurance underwriting risk exposures by purchasing reinsurance. We manage counterparty risk by entering into agreements with reinsurers we consider creditworthy, generally measured by the individual entity or entities’ financial strength rating. However, we do require a specified minimum rating by a NRSO. We monitor the concentrations of the reinsurers and reduce the participation percentage of lower-rated and unrated companies when appropriate in our judgment. While we believe we currently have no significant credit risk related to reinsurance counterparties, we continue to monitor their financial condition.
Some of our reinsurance contracts contain clauses that allow us to terminate the participation with reinsurers whose ratings are downgraded. Information used in our risk assessment is comprised of industry ratings, recent news and reports, and a limited review of financial statements. We also may require reinsurers not licensed in our state of domicile or with whom we have limited experience, to provide letters of credit, trust agreements, or cash advances to fund their share of reserves.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
A decline in the fair value of fixed maturity investment securities below their cost basis is evaluated on an ongoing basis to determine if the decline is other-than-temporary. A number of assumptions and estimates inherent in evaluating impairments are used to determine if they are other-than-temporary, which include 1) our ability and intent to hold the investment securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in value; 2) the expected recoverability of principal and interest; 3) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost basis; 4) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer, including relevant industry conditions and trends and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; and 5) the specific reasons that a security is in a significant unrealized loss position, including market conditions, which could affect liquidity.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Valuation of Financial Instruments
The fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities is determined by management using one of the three primary sources of information: the quoted prices in active markets; third-party pricing services; or independent broker quotations. Estimated fair value of securities based on quoted prices in active markets is readily and regularly available; therefore, valuation of these securities generally does not involve management judgment. For securities without quoted prices, fair value measurement is determined using third-party pricing services’ proprietary pricing applications. Typical inputs used by the models are relevant market information, benchmark curves, benchmark pricing of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. Any securities remaining unpriced after utilizing the first two pricing methods are submitted to independent brokers for prices. We have analyzed the third-party pricing services and independent brokers’ valuation methodologies and related inputs, and have evaluated the various types of securities in our investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Management completes certain tests throughout the year and at year-end to determine that prices provided by our pricing services are reasonable.
We utilize over-the-counter equity options to hedge our exposure to equity-indexed universal life and equity-indexed deferred annuity benefits, and the fair values for these options are sourced from broker quotations. Accounting guidance requires a fair value calculation as part of equity-indexed policy reserves. This is called the value of embedded derivative (or VED) and the other part of the indexed policy reserve is called the host reserve. The embedded derivative represents future benefit cash flows in excess of minimum guarantee cash flows. The host covers the minimum guarantee cash flows. Both the VED and the host reserve are calculated by a vendor-sourced reserve valuation system. The VED calculation model incorporates assumptions related to current option pricing (such as implied volatility and LIBOR/swap curve), future policyholder behavior (such as surrenders and withdrawals), and factors affecting the value of future indexed interest periods (such as option budgets).
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
The Company has frozen each of its defined benefit pension plans. Our pension and postretirement benefit obligations and related costs covering our employees are estimated using actuarial concepts in accordance with the relevant accounting guidance. The discount rate and the expected return on plan assets are important elements of expense and/or liability measurements. Each year, these key assumptions are reevaluated to determine whether they reflect the best estimates for the current period. Changes in the methodology used to determine the best estimates are made when facts or circumstances change. Other assumptions involve demographic factors such as retirement age, mortality and turnover. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is determined using the building-block method which is described further in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices, Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans. See Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 18, Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional details.
Litigation Contingencies
Based on information currently available, we believe that amounts ultimately paid, if any, arising from existing and currently potential litigation would not have a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition. However, it should be noted that the frequency of large damage awards, which bear little or no relation to the economic damages incurred by plaintiffs, continues to create the potential for an unpredictable judgment in any given lawsuit. It is possible that, if the defenses in these lawsuits are not successful, and the judgments are greater than we anticipate, the resulting liability could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Federal Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate is based on income at statutory tax rates, adjusted for non-taxable and non-deductible items, and tax credits. Management’s best estimate of future events and their impact is included in our effective tax rate. Certain changes or future events, such as changes in tax legislation, and completion of tax audits could have an impact on our estimates and effective tax rate. Audit periods remain open for review until the statute of limitations has passed.
GAAP requires us to evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. Considerable judgment is required in determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and if so, the amount of such valuation allowance. There were no material valuation allowances recorded during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more-likely-than-not that our remaining deferred tax assets will be realized and that no additional valuation allowance is necessary as of December 31, 2019.
On December 22, 2017, the federal government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”). Tax Reform made broad and complex changes to federal corporate tax law and resulted in changes to our overall tax obligations. Most notably, Tax Reform reduced the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. In addition, there were several changes that are specific to insurance companies, namely changes to the proration formula used to determine the amount of dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction, and changes to the calculation of tax reserves associated with policyholder liabilities. As a result of Tax Reform, we recorded a tax benefit of $206.4 million in 2017 primarily due to remeasuring our existing deferred tax balances to the 21% corporate tax rate.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following sets forth the consolidated results of operations (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | 2,182,794 | $ | 2,228,193 | $ | 2,067,202 | $ | (45,399 | ) | $ | 160,991 | |||||||||
Other policy revenues | 305,256 | 285,549 | 248,526 | 19,707 | 37,023 | |||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 1,077,406 | 858,367 | 966,077 | 219,039 | (107,710 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | 30,751 | 16,931 | 91,209 | 13,820 | (74,278 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities | 422,535 | (107,188 | ) | — | 529,723 | (107,188 | ) | |||||||||||||
Other income | 51,401 | 44,530 | 37,986 | 6,871 | 6,544 | |||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | 4,070,143 | 3,326,382 | 3,411,000 | 743,761 | (84,618 | ) | ||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | 667,828 | 708,313 | 681,122 | (40,485 | ) | 27,191 | ||||||||||||||
Claims incurred | 1,151,166 | 1,171,659 | 1,037,081 | (20,493 | ) | 134,578 | ||||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | 511,999 | 315,684 | 415,190 | 196,315 | (99,506 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | 532,634 | 564,054 | 545,405 | (31,420 | ) | 18,649 | ||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 524,888 | 497,011 | 485,340 | 27,877 | 11,671 | |||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs (1) | (12,749 | ) | (71,497 | ) | (81,484 | ) | 58,748 | 9,987 | ||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 3,375,766 | 3,185,224 | 3,082,654 | 190,542 | 102,570 | |||||||||||||||
Income before federal income taxes and other items | $ | 694,377 | $ | 141,158 | $ | 328,346 | $ | 553,219 | $ | (187,188 | ) | |||||||||
(1) | A negative amount of net change indicates more expense was deferred than amortized and represents a decrease to expenses in the period indicated. |
Income before other items and federal income taxes (“Earnings”)
Earnings comparison of 2019 to 2018
Income from operations increased primarily due to the following:
• | Increase in net gains on equity securities resulting from favorable market conditions |
• | Improvement in earnings generated from our Property and Casualty segment primarily driven by an improved loss ratio in the personal automobile line of business. |
The increase in income from operations was partially offset by the following:
• | Decrease in Life segment earnings as a result of an increase in reserves related to benefits for our participating policies |
• | Decrease in Annuity segment earnings due to spread compression and higher than expected fixed annuity surrenders early in 2019 that resulted in increased DAC amortization for the year. |
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Life
Life segment financial results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | 359,419 | $ | 350,012 | $ | 328,570 | $ | 9,407 | $ | 21,442 | ||||||||||
Other policy revenues | 288,061 | 270,839 | 234,979 | 17,222 | 35,860 | |||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 263,788 | 233,181 | 245,835 | 30,607 | (12,654 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 1,967 | 2,266 | 2,256 | (299 | ) | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | 913,235 | 856,298 | 811,640 | 56,937 | 44,658 | |||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | 449,252 | 417,702 | 410,152 | 31,550 | 7,550 | |||||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | 80,950 | 54,249 | 73,965 | 26,701 | (19,716 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | 162,203 | 158,657 | 147,176 | 3,546 | 11,481 | |||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 190,104 | 190,835 | 190,482 | (731 | ) | 353 | ||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs (1) | (26,036 | ) | (33,893 | ) | (49,786 | ) | 7,857 | 15,893 | ||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 856,473 | 787,550 | 771,989 | 68,923 | 15,561 | |||||||||||||||
Income before federal income taxes and other items | $ | 56,762 | $ | 68,748 | $ | 39,651 | $ | (11,986 | ) | $ | 29,097 | |||||||||
(1) | A negative amount of net change indicates more expense was deferred than amortized and represents a decrease to expenses in the period indicated. |
Earnings comparison of 2019 to 2018
Income from operations for our Life segment decreased primarily due to the following:
• | An increase in reserves related to benefits for our participating policies |
• | Lower DAC unlocking resulting in increased DAC amortization in 2019. |
The decrease in income from operations was partially offset by the following:
• | Higher investment income net of interest credited to policyholders, primarily due to an increase in the asset base. |
Change in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The following table presents the components of the change in DAC (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition cost capitalized | $ | (139,336 | ) | $ | (131,156 | ) | $ | (123,854 | ) | $ | (8,180 | ) | $ | (7,302 | ) | |||||
Amortization of DAC | 113,300 | 97,263 | 74,068 | 16,037 | 23,195 | |||||||||||||||
Change in DAC | $ | (26,036 | ) | $ | (33,893 | ) | $ | (49,786 | ) | $ | 7,857 | $ | 15,893 | |||||||
41
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Life insurance sales
The following table presents life insurance sales as measured by annualized premium, a statistical measure used by the insurance industry, which allows a comparison of new policies sold by an insurance company during the period (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Traditional Life | $ | 56,681 | $ | 57,714 | $ | 58,666 | $ | (1,033 | ) | $ | (952 | ) | ||||||||
Universal Life | 28,673 | 25,270 | 23,833 | 3,403 | 1,437 | |||||||||||||||
Indexed UL | 36,906 | 33,543 | 29,110 | 3,363 | 4,433 | |||||||||||||||
Total Recurring | $ | 122,260 | $ | 116,527 | $ | 111,609 | $ | 5,733 | $ | 4,918 | ||||||||||
Single and excess(1) | $ | 2,193 | $ | 3,336 | $ | 3,026 | $ | (1,143 | ) | $ | 310 | |||||||||
Credit life(1) | 10,723 | 8,076 | 8,689 | 2,647 | (613 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total annualized premium | $ | 135,176 | $ | 127,939 | $ | 123,324 | $ | 7,237 | $ | 4,615 | ||||||||||
(1) These are weighted amounts representing 10% of single and excess premiums.
Life insurance sales are based on the total yearly premium that insurance companies would expect to receive if all recurring premium policies would remain in force, plus 10% of single and excess premiums. Life insurance sales measure activity associated with gaining new insurance business in the current period, and includes deposits received related to interest sensitive life and universal life-type products. GAAP premium revenues, on the other hand, are associated with policies sold in current and prior periods, and deposits received related to interest sensitive life and universal life-type products are recorded in a policyholder account which is reflected as a liability. Therefore, a reconciliation of premium revenues and insurance sales is not meaningful.
Life insurance sales increased during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to increased Universal Life and Indexed Universal Life sales.
Policy in-force information
The following table summarizes changes in the Life segment’s in-force amounts (in thousands):
December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in-force | ||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional life | $ | 84,129,193 | $ | 78,872,533 | $ | 73,452,519 | $ | 5,256,660 | $ | 5,420,014 | ||||||||||
Interest-sensitive life | 33,975,092 | 31,483,582 | 29,648,405 | 2,491,510 | 1,835,177 | |||||||||||||||
Total life insurance in-force | $ | 118,104,285 | $ | 110,356,115 | $ | 103,100,924 | $ | 7,748,170 | $ | 7,255,191 | ||||||||||
The following table summarizes changes in the Life segment’s number of policies in-force:
December 31, | Change over prior year | ||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||
Number of policies in-force | |||||||||||||||
Traditional life | 1,911,305 | 2,016,170 | 2,079,536 | (104,865 | ) | (63,366 | ) | ||||||||
Interest-sensitive life | 256,146 | 243,447 | 232,251 | 12,699 | 11,196 | ||||||||||
Total number of policies in-force | 2,167,451 | 2,259,617 | 2,311,787 | (92,166 | ) | (52,170 | ) | ||||||||
Life insurance in-force increased despite a reduction of policies in-force due to an increase in sales of higher face amount policies.
42
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Reinsurance
The table below summarizes reinsurance reserves and premium amounts assumed and ceded (in thousands):
Reserves | Premiums | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Years ended December 31, | Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Reinsurance assumed | $ | 1,103 | $ | 1,922 | $ | 2,337 | $ | 507 | $ | 389 | $ | 1,290 | ||||||||||||
Reinsurance ceded | (203,011 | ) | (248,688 | ) | (249,988 | ) | (86,017 | ) | (103,749 | ) | (104,599 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | (201,908 | ) | $ | (246,766 | ) | $ | (247,651 | ) | $ | (85,510 | ) | $ | (103,360 | ) | $ | (103,309 | ) | ||||||
We use reinsurance to mitigate certain risks to the life segment. During 2019, our retention limits were $5 million for issue ages 75 and under, and $2 million for issue ages 76 through 80, and $1,000,000 for issue ages 81 and older for traditional and universal life. In our life segment, we currently retain 100% of newly developed permanent and term products up to our retention limit and cede the excess. We also engage in facultative reinsurance through several reinsurers. Accidental death and premium waiver benefits are mostly retained on new business. Increases in reserves and premium amounts ceded primarily reflect increased use of reinsurance in conjunction with treaties related to universal life products. Reduction in reinsurance ceded is due to a higher retention limit in 2019 than in previous years.
For 2019, the companies to whom we have ceded reinsurance for the Life segment are shown below (in thousands, except percentages)
Reinsurer | A.M. Best Rating(1) | Ceded Premium | Percentage of Gross Premium | ||||||
Swiss Re Life & Health of America Inc. | A+ | $ | 24,895 | 28.9 | % | ||||
SCOR Global Life Reinsurance Company of Delaware | A + | 20,650 | 24.0 | ||||||
Munich American Reassurance Company | A+ | 15,634 | 18.2 | ||||||
Canada Life Reinsurance | A+ | 9,825 | 11.4 | ||||||
Reinsurance Group of America | A+ | 5,894 | 6.9 | ||||||
Other Reinsurers with no single company greater than 5% of the total ceded premium | 9,119 | 10.6 | |||||||
Total life reinsurance ceded | $ | 86,017 | 100.0 | % | |||||
(1) | A.M. Best rating as of the most current information available February 7, 2020. |
In addition, reinsurance is used in the credit life business primarily to provide producers of credit-related insurance products the opportunity to participate in the underwriting risk through producer-owned captive reinsurance companies often domiciled outside of the United States. A majority of the treaties entered into by our Specialty Markets Group are written on a 100% coinsurance basis with benefit limits of $100,000 on credit life.
43
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Annuity
Annuity segment financial results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | 147,139 | $ | 231,027 | $ | 222,207 | $ | (83,888 | ) | $ | 8,820 | |||||||||
Other policy revenues | 17,195 | 14,710 | 13,547 | 2,485 | 1,163 | |||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 663,895 | 467,788 | 573,789 | 196,107 | (106,001 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 2,727 | 2,611 | 2,832 | 116 | (221 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | 830,956 | 716,136 | 812,375 | 114,820 | (96,239 | ) | ||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | 218,576 | 290,611 | 270,970 | (72,035 | ) | 19,641 | ||||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | 431,049 | 261,435 | 341,225 | 169,614 | (79,790 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | 71,350 | 94,879 | 105,389 | (23,529 | ) | (10,510 | ) | |||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 50,507 | 46,859 | 44,486 | 3,648 | 2,373 | |||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs (1) | 9,474 | (35,135 | ) | (30,022 | ) | 44,609 | (5,113 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 780,956 | 658,649 | 732,048 | 122,307 | (73,399 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Income before federal income taxes and other items | $ | 50,000 | $ | 57,487 | $ | 80,327 | $ | (7,487 | ) | $ | (22,840 | ) | ||||||||
(1) | A negative amount of net change indicates more expense was deferred than amortized and represents a decrease to expenses in the period indicated. |
Earnings comparison of 2019 to 2018
Income from operations for our Annuity segment decreased primarily due to the following:
• | Spread compression and higher than expected fixed annuity surrenders early in 2019 that resulted in increased DAC amortization for the year. |
The decrease in income from operations was partially offset by the following:
• | Higher margins on our indexed products attributable to lower mark-to-market reserve increases in 2019 compared to 2018. |
Change in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The change in DAC represents acquisition costs capitalized less the amortization of existing DAC, which is calculated in proportion to expected gross profits. The following shows the components of the change in DAC (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition cost capitalized | $ | (70,272 | ) | $ | (92,602 | ) | $ | (104,772 | ) | $ | 22,330 | $ | 12,170 | |||||||
Amortization of DAC | 79,746 | 57,467 | 74,750 | 22,279 | (17,283 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Change in DAC | $ | 9,474 | $ | (35,135 | ) | $ | (30,022 | ) | $ | 44,609 | $ | (5,113 | ) | |||||||
44
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Premiums and other revenues
Annuity premium and deposit amounts received are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed deferred annuity | $ | 944,128 | $ | 399,102 | $ | 741,181 | $ | 545,026 | $ | (342,079 | ) | |||||||||
Single premium immediate annuity | 203,314 | 278,402 | 275,804 | (75,088 | ) | 2,598 | ||||||||||||||
Equity-indexed deferred annuity | 330,744 | 858,283 | 893,031 | (527,539 | ) | (34,748 | ) | |||||||||||||
Variable deferred annuity | 69,178 | 64,907 | 76,473 | 4,271 | (11,566 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total premium and deposits | 1,547,364 | 1,600,694 | 1,986,489 | (53,330 | ) | (385,795 | ) | |||||||||||||
Less: Policy deposits | 1,400,225 | 1,369,667 | 1,764,282 | 30,558 | (394,615 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total earned premiums | $ | 147,139 | $ | 231,027 | $ | 222,207 | $ | (83,888 | ) | $ | 8,820 | |||||||||
Commissions decreased due to a decline in equity indexed products sales in 2019 compared to 2018. Annuity premium and deposits decreased in total but were in line with managements expectations.
Shown below are the changes in account values (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Fixed deferred annuity | ||||||||||||
Reserve, beginning of year | $ | 6,773,603 | $ | 7,108,254 | $ | 7,068,121 | ||||||
Premiums | 944,128 | 399,102 | 741,181 | |||||||||
Other benefits | (237,346 | ) | (304,721 | ) | (274,310 | ) | ||||||
Surrenders | (787,617 | ) | (622,436 | ) | (621,721 | ) | ||||||
Fees | (2,616 | ) | (2,980 | ) | (3,154 | ) | ||||||
Interest and mortality | 203,022 | 196,384 | 198,137 | |||||||||
Reserve, end of year | 6,893,174 | 6,773,603 | 7,108,254 | |||||||||
Equity-indexed annuity | ||||||||||||
Reserves, beginning of year | 3,668,645 | 2,934,430 | 2,054,449 | |||||||||
Premiums | 330,744 | 858,283 | 893,031 | |||||||||
Other benefits | (40,670 | ) | (40,678 | ) | (30,424 | ) | ||||||
Surrenders | (193,957 | ) | (140,742 | ) | (115,688 | ) | ||||||
Fees | (3,640 | ) | (3,843 | ) | (3,249 | ) | ||||||
Interest and mortality | 224,043 | 61,195 | 136,310 | |||||||||
Reserve, end of year | 3,985,165 | 3,668,645 | 2,934,429 | |||||||||
Single premium immediate annuity | ||||||||||||
Reserve, beginning of year | 1,826,137 | 1,691,502 | 1,566,440 | |||||||||
Premiums | 203,314 | 278,402 | 275,804 | |||||||||
Other benefits | (216,782 | ) | (204,067 | ) | (198,510 | ) | ||||||
Interest and mortality | 62,273 | 60,300 | 47,768 | |||||||||
Reserve, end of year | 1,874,942 | 1,826,137 | 1,691,502 | |||||||||
Variable deferred annuity | ||||||||||||
Account value, beginning of year | 332,898 | 381,903 | 392,345 | |||||||||
Premiums | 69,178 | 64,907 | 76,473 | |||||||||
Other benefits | (97 | ) | 562 | 515 | ||||||||
Surrenders | (85,994 | ) | (92,198 | ) | (143,541 | ) | ||||||
Fees | (4,703 | ) | (4,431 | ) | (4,724 | ) | ||||||
Change in market value and other | 74,453 | (17,845 | ) | 60,833 | ||||||||
Reserve, end of year | 385,735 | 332,898 | 381,901 | |||||||||
Total reserve, end of period | $ | 13,139,016 | $ | 12,601,283 | $ | 12,116,086 | ||||||
45
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Interest Margin
Margins increased primarily due to indexed annuities. Indexed annuity margins experienced mark-to-market reserve increases in both 2019 and 2018, but 2018 was more unfavorable due to the impact of stock market decline in the fourth quarter of 2018 outweighing the impact of declining interest rates during 2019. The following table summarizes the interest margin due to the impact of the investment performance, interest credited to policyholder’s account balances, and the end of period assets measured by account balance (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed annuity | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed investment income | $ | 384,700 | $ | 380,806 | $ | 402,380 | $ | 3,894 | $ | (21,574 | ) | |||||||||
Interest credited and mortality | (265,295 | ) | (256,684 | ) | (245,906 | ) | (8,611 | ) | (10,778 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest and mortality margin | 119,405 | 124,122 | 156,474 | (4,717 | ) | (32,352 | ) | |||||||||||||
Equity-indexed annuity | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed investment income | 152,101 | 135,595 | 91,010 | 16,506 | 44,585 | |||||||||||||||
Option return | 127,094 | (48,613 | ) | 80,399 | 175,707 | (129,012 | ) | |||||||||||||
Interest credited and mortality | (224,043 | ) | (61,195 | ) | (136,310 | ) | (162,848 | ) | 75,115 | |||||||||||
Interest and mortality margin | 55,152 | 25,787 | 35,099 | 29,365 | (9,312 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Variable annuity | ||||||||||||||||||||
Separate account management fees | 4,122 | 4,164 | 4,469 | (42 | ) | (305 | ) | |||||||||||||
Interest and mortality margin | 4,122 | 4,164 | 4,469 | (42 | ) | (305 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total interest and mortality margin | $ | 178,679 | $ | 154,073 | $ | 196,042 | $ | 24,606 | $ | (41,969 | ) | |||||||||
46
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Health
Health segment financial results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | 165,035 | $ | 180,414 | $ | 156,436 | $ | (15,379 | ) | $ | 23,978 | |||||||||
Net investment income | 9,467 | 9,376 | 9,538 | 91 | (162 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 20,762 | 24,185 | 19,284 | (3,423 | ) | 4,901 | ||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | 195,264 | 213,975 | 185,258 | (18,711 | ) | 28,717 | ||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Claims incurred | 109,013 | 122,547 | 103,037 | (13,534 | ) | 19,510 | ||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | 31,624 | 32,516 | 27,400 | (892 | ) | 5,116 | ||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 41,475 | 41,819 | 38,475 | (344 | ) | 3,344 | ||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs (1) | 1,382 | 2,846 | 3,814 | (1,464 | ) | (968 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 183,494 | 199,728 | 172,726 | (16,234 | ) | 27,002 | ||||||||||||||
Income before federal income taxes and other items | $ | 11,770 | $ | 14,247 | $ | 12,532 | $ | (2,477 | ) | $ | 1,715 | |||||||||
(1) | A negative amount of net change indicates more expense was deferred than amortized and represents a decrease to expenses in the period indicated. |
Earnings comparison of 2019 to 2018
Income from operations for our Health segment decreased primarily due to the following:
• | Higher loss ratio in our Medicare Supplement line of business |
• | Decrease in premium for limited benefit products in our supplemental insurance line of business. |
Additional information:
• | Termination of two MGU programs led to a decrease in premium, which correlates to the decrease in claims. |
Change in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The following table presents the components of the change in DAC (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition cost capitalized | $ | (19,940 | ) | $ | (12,590 | ) | $ | (11,413 | ) | $ | (7,350 | ) | $ | (1,177 | ) | |||||
Amortization of DAC | 21,322 | 15,436 | 15,227 | 5,886 | 209 | |||||||||||||||
Change in DAC | $ | 1,382 | $ | 2,846 | $ | 3,814 | $ | (1,464 | ) | $ | (968 | ) | ||||||||
Premiums and other revenues
Health earned premiums for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Medicare Supplement | $ | 78,779 | $ | 71,357 | $ | 66,550 | $ | 7,422 | $ | 4,807 | ||||||||||
MGU | 27,205 | 46,133 | 26,574 | (18,928 | ) | 19,559 | ||||||||||||||
Supplemental insurance | 21,633 | 24,119 | 25,321 | (2,486 | ) | (1,202 | ) | |||||||||||||
Credit Health | 17,938 | 17,948 | 18,217 | (10 | ) | (269 | ) | |||||||||||||
Medical expense | 9,496 | 11,127 | 12,891 | (1,631 | ) | (1,764 | ) | |||||||||||||
All other | 9,984 | 9,730 | 6,883 | 254 | 2,847 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 165,035 | $ | 180,414 | $ | 156,436 | $ | (15,379 | ) | $ | 23,978 | |||||||||
47
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Health claims incurred for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Medicare Supplement | $ | 63,705 | $ | 55,416 | $ | 49,431 | $ | 8,289 | $ | 5,985 | ||||||||||
MGU | 23,498 | 38,930 | 22,772 | (15,432 | ) | 16,158 | ||||||||||||||
Supplemental insurance | 8,508 | 7,516 | 11,530 | 992 | (4,014 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Credit Health | 3,400 | 4,819 | 4,127 | (1,419 | ) | 692 | ||||||||||||||
Medical expense | 5,857 | 8,785 | 9,141 | (2,928 | ) | (356 | ) | |||||||||||||
All other | 4,045 | 7,081 | 6,036 | (3,036 | ) | 1,045 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 109,013 | $ | 122,547 | $ | 103,037 | $ | (13,534 | ) | $ | 19,510 | |||||||||
Reinsurance
We cede or retrocede the majority of the premium and risk associated with our stop loss and other MGU programs. We maintain reinsurance on a quota share basis for our long-term care and disability income business.
For 2019, the companies to which we have ceded reinsurance for the Health segment are shown below (in thousands, except percentages):
Reinsurer | A.M. Best Rating(1) | Ceded Premium | Percentage of Gross Premium | ||||||
Navigators Insurance Company | A+ | $ | 64,557 | 24.7 | % | ||||
AXIS Insurance Company | A+ | 29,736 | 11.4 | ||||||
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company | A+ | 16,597 | 6.4 | ||||||
United States Fire Insurance Company | A | 11,941 | 4.6 | ||||||
Maiden Reinsurance North America, Inc. | N/A | 11,768 | 4.5 | ||||||
Other reinsurers with no single company greater than 5.0% of the total ceded premium | 126,590 | 48.4 | |||||||
Total health reinsurance ceded | $ | 261,189 | 100.0 | % | |||||
(1) | A.M. Best rating as of the most current information available February 7, 2020. |
Reinsurance is also used in the credit health business. In certain cases, we may also reinsure the policy written through non-U.S. producer-owned captive reinsurers to allow the dealer to participate in the performance of these credit health contracts. A majority of the treaties entered into by our Specialty Markets Group are written on a 100% coinsurance basis with benefit limits of $1,000 per month.
48
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Property and Casualty
Property and Casualty segment financial results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | $ | 1,546,144 | $ | 1,514,563 | $ | 1,414,024 | $ | 31,581 | $ | 100,539 | ||||||||||
Net premiums earned | $ | 1,511,201 | $ | 1,466,740 | $ | 1,359,989 | $ | 44,461 | $ | 106,751 | ||||||||||
Net investment income | 64,263 | 62,320 | 61,688 | 1,943 | 632 | |||||||||||||||
Other income | 11,897 | 10,628 | 8,372 | 1,269 | 2,256 | |||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | 1,587,361 | 1,539,688 | 1,430,049 | 47,673 | 109,639 | |||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Claims incurred | 1,042,153 | 1,049,112 | 934,044 | (6,959 | ) | 115,068 | ||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | 267,457 | 278,002 | 265,440 | (10,545 | ) | 12,562 | ||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 201,580 | 186,019 | 177,345 | 15,561 | 8,674 | |||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs (1) | 2,431 | (5,315 | ) | (5,490 | ) | 7,746 | 175 | |||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 1,513,621 | 1,507,818 | 1,371,339 | 5,803 | 136,479 | |||||||||||||||
Income before federal income taxes and other items | $ | 73,740 | $ | 31,870 | $ | 58,710 | $ | 41,870 | $ | (26,840 | ) | |||||||||
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio | 69.0 | % | 71.5 | % | 68.7 | % | (2.5 | )% | 2.8 | % | ||||||||||
Underwriting expense ratio | 31.2 | 31.3 | 32.1 | (0.1 | ) | (0.8 | ) | |||||||||||||
Combined ratio | 100.2 | % | 102.8 | % | 100.8 | % | (2.6 | )% | 2.0 | % | ||||||||||
Impact of catastrophe events on combined ratio | 5.9 | 7.1 | 7.8 | (1.2 | ) | (0.7 | ) | |||||||||||||
Combined ratio without impact of catastrophe events | 94.3 | % | 95.7 | % | 93.0 | % | (1.4 | )% | 2.7 | % | ||||||||||
Gross catastrophe losses | $ | 91,265 | $ | 103,890 | $ | 111,455 | $ | (12,625 | ) | $ | (7,565 | ) | ||||||||
Net catastrophe losses | $ | 89,063 | $ | 105,670 | $ | 105,880 | $ | (16,607 | ) | $ | (210 | ) | ||||||||
(1) | A negative amount of net change indicates more expense was deferred than amortized and represents a decrease to expenses in the period indicated. |
Earnings comparison of 2019 to 2018
Income from operations for our Property and Casualty segment increased primarily due to the following:
• | Improved results for the personal automobile line of business |
• | Net written and earned premiums increased for all major personal and commercial lines, partially offset by decreases in our credit-related property products primarily due to a decrease in Collateral Protection Insurance ("CPI") business. |
Additional information:
• | Commissions decreased primarily due to a decrease in the CPI business |
• | The increase in operating expenses correlated to the increase in premium with our overall underwriting expense ratio being consistent in 2019 compared to 2018. |
49
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Products
Our Property and Casualty segment consists of: (i) Personal products, marketed primarily to individuals, representing 60% of net premiums written; (ii) Commercial products, focused primarily on agricultural and other business related markets, representing 33% of net premiums written; and (iii) Credit-related property insurance products, marketed to and through financial institutions and retailers, representing 7% of net premiums written.
Personal Products
Personal Products results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | ||||||||||||||||||||
Automobile | $ | 569,675 | $ | 564,833 | $ | 506,110 | $ | 4,842 | $ | 58,723 | ||||||||||
Homeowner | 297,006 | 275,986 | 259,319 | 21,020 | 16,667 | |||||||||||||||
Other Personal | 55,995 | 50,651 | 46,026 | 5,344 | 4,625 | |||||||||||||||
Total net premiums written | $ | 922,676 | $ | 891,470 | $ | 811,455 | $ | 31,206 | $ | 80,015 | ||||||||||
Net premiums earned | ||||||||||||||||||||
Automobile | $ | 559,524 | $ | 543,163 | $ | 482,851 | $ | 16,361 | $ | 60,312 | ||||||||||
Homeowner | 281,216 | 264,603 | 247,575 | 16,613 | 17,028 | |||||||||||||||
Other Personal | 53,449 | 48,105 | 44,306 | 5,344 | 3,799 | |||||||||||||||
Total net premiums earned | $ | 894,189 | $ | 855,871 | $ | 774,732 | $ | 38,318 | $ | 81,139 | ||||||||||
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Automobile | 72.7 | % | 81.4 | % | 80.3 | % | (8.7 | )% | 1.1 | % | ||||||||||
Homeowner | 74.3 | % | 76.6 | % | 74.7 | % | (2.3 | )% | 1.9 | % | ||||||||||
Other Personal | 56.5 | % | 62.0 | % | 68.3 | % | (5.5 | )% | (6.3 | )% | ||||||||||
Personal line loss and loss adjustment expense ratio | 72.3 | % | 78.8 | % | 77.9 | % | (6.5 | )% | 0.9 | % | ||||||||||
Combined Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Automobile | 95.9 | % | 104.3 | % | 103.5 | % | (8.4 | )% | 0.8 | % | ||||||||||
Homeowner | 110.6 | % | 111.0 | % | 108.4 | % | (0.4 | )% | 2.6 | % | ||||||||||
Other Personal | 98.8 | % | 97.8 | % | 99.4 | % | 1.0 | % | (1.6 | )% | ||||||||||
Personal line combined ratio | 100.7 | % | 106.0 | % | 104.8 | % | (5.3 | )% | 1.2 | % | ||||||||||
Comparison of 2019 to 2018
Automobile: Net premiums written and earned increased in our personal automobile line due primarily to an increase in rates charged for these policies and to a lesser extent an increase in policies sold. The loss and loss adjustment expense and combined ratios improved due to better rate adequacy achieved during 2019.
Homeowners: Net premiums written and earned increased primarily due to increased sales to renters, as well as an increase in rates charged for these policies and due to an increase in the number of policies sold. The loss and loss adjustment expense and combined ratio improved slightly primarily due to increased premium from rate actions.
Other Personal: These products include coverages for individuals seeking to protect their personal property and liability not covered within their home and auto policies, such as coverages for watercraft, personal umbrella, and rental owners.
50
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Commercial Products
Commercial Products results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Business | $ | 229,996 | $ | 217,196 | $ | 197,772 | $ | 12,800 | $ | 19,424 | ||||||||||
Agricultural Business | 154,408 | 146,461 | 142,241 | 7,947 | 4,220 | |||||||||||||||
Automobile | 122,938 | 110,259 | 103,048 | 12,679 | 7,211 | |||||||||||||||
Total net premiums written | $ | 507,342 | $ | 473,916 | $ | 443,061 | $ | 33,426 | $ | 30,855 | ||||||||||
Net premiums earned | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Business | $ | 227,410 | $ | 212,145 | $ | 188,077 | $ | 15,265 | $ | 24,068 | ||||||||||
Agricultural Business | 150,632 | 142,996 | 139,573 | 7,636 | 3,423 | |||||||||||||||
Automobile | 116,329 | 106,718 | 100,196 | 9,611 | 6,522 | |||||||||||||||
Total net premiums earned | $ | 494,371 | $ | 461,859 | $ | 427,846 | $ | 32,512 | $ | 34,013 | ||||||||||
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Business | 52.5 | % | 47.2 | % | 50.5 | % | 5.3 | % | (3.3 | )% | ||||||||||
Agricultural Business | 63.5 | % | 62.7 | % | 57.2 | % | 0.8 | % | 5.5 | % | ||||||||||
Automobile | 84.5 | % | 89.0 | % | 62.2 | % | (4.5 | )% | 26.8 | % | ||||||||||
Commercial line loss and loss adjustment expense ratio | 63.3 | % | 61.7 | % | 55.4 | % | 1.6 | % | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||
Combined ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Business | 85.8 | % | 80.1 | % | 83.5 | % | 5.7 | % | (3.4 | )% | ||||||||||
Agricultural Business | 101.2 | % | 101.2 | % | 95.4 | % | — | % | 5.8 | % | ||||||||||
Automobile | 109.3 | % | 113.4 | % | 86.1 | % | (4.1 | )% | 27.3 | % | ||||||||||
Commercial line combined ratio | 96.0 | % | 94.3 | % | 88.0 | % | 1.7 | % | 6.3 | % | ||||||||||
Comparison of 2019 to 2018
Commercial Business: Commercial business products primarily relate to workers compensation and business owners lines of business. Net premiums written and earned increased primarily due to the addition of our Investor Property Protection line of business as well as increased sales of business owners insurance. The loss and loss adjustment expense and combined ratios increased primarily due to the workers compensation line of business which experienced lower than anticipated prior year claim emergence in 2018.
Agricultural Business: Our agricultural business product allows policyholders to customize and cover their agriculture exposure using a package policy, which includes coverage for residences and household contents, farm and ranch buildings and building contents, personal and commercial liability and personal property. Net premiums written and earned increased due to an increase in policies in force. While the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio increased slightly, the combined ratio was in-line with the prior year-end primarily due to the improvement in the expense ratio.
Commercial Automobile: Net premiums written and earned increased primarily due to an increase in policies in force and rate increases. The loss and loss adjustment expense and combined ratios improved primarily due to the increase in premiums.
51
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Credit Products
Credit-related property product results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Net premiums written | $ | 116,126 | $ | 149,177 | $ | 159,508 | $ | (33,051 | ) | $ | (10,331 | ) | ||||||||
Net premiums earned | 122,641 | 149,010 | 157,411 | (26,369 | ) | (8,401 | ) | |||||||||||||
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio(1) | 67.3 | % | 60.1 | % | 59.6 | % | 7.2 | % | 0.5 | % | ||||||||||
Combined ratio(1) | 112.8 | % | 110.8 | % | 116.2 | % | 2.0 | % | (5.4 | )% | ||||||||||
(1) Ratio does not include fee income
Credit-related property products are offered on automobiles, furniture and appliances in connection with the financing of those items. These policies pay an amount if the insured property is lost or damaged and the amount paid is not directly related to an event affecting the consumer’s ability to pay the debt.
Net written and earned premiums decreased primarily due to a transition to a Collateral Protection Insurance ("CPI") program with lower rates and the loss of certain CPI accounts. The loss and loss adjustment expense and combined ratios increased mainly due to increased property losses incurred in 2019.
Reinsurance
We reinsure a portion of the risks that we underwrite to manage our loss exposure. In return for ceded premiums, reinsurers assume a portion of the claims incurred. In addition to our reinsurance coverage, we are partially protected by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 and its predecessors. We participate in the National Flood Insurance Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
We retain the first $1.0 million for workers’ compensation risks and the first $1.5 million of loss per risk for non-workers’ compensation risks. Our catastrophe reinsurance retention covering property and casualty companies in total is $17.5 million.
The following table summarizes the Company’s catastrophe reinsurance coverage effective during 2019:
Layer of Loss | Catastrophe Reinsurance Coverage In-Force | |
Less than $17.5 million | 100% of loss retained except for certain losses covered by the Catastrophe Aggregate and Stretch & Aggregate coverage described below | |
$17.5 million - $35 million | 95% of multiple peril losses covered by Corporate Program(1) (all perils) | |
$35 million - $500 million | 100% of multiple peril losses covered by Corporate Program(1) (all perils) | |
(1) | The Corporate Program covers all non-credit property and casualty business, subject to certain limits, and is not specific to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any state or region. The program does cover the Mortgage Security Insurance (MSI) and Guaranteed Auto Protection (GAP) credit business written by the Specialty Markets Group. |
Each per-event coverage above includes one automatic reinstatement except for a 12.4% portion of the Corporate Program (12.4% of $35 million to $500 million). The automatic reinstatement requires us to pay additional reinsurance premium for any losses into each reinsurance layer. The reinstatement premium is prorated by the percentage of actual loss to the coverage, with the exception of losses from $35 million to $100 million, which reflect a 50% reduction on the prorated amount, and the losses from $17.5 million to $35 million, in which a 39% portion is free for the first limit through reinstatement premium protection coverage purchased. The 12.4% placement of non-reinstateable coverage reduces the amount of reinstatement premium we are obligated to pay.
We purchase a Catastrophe Aggregate reinsurance coverage that provides for $30 million of limit excess of $90 million of aggregated catastrophe losses. Qualifying losses include amounts of retained losses below $10 million on Property Claims Services (“PCS”) declared catastrophe events and internally declared catastrophe events exceeding $5 million. The Catastrophe Aggregate reinsurance coverage has been placed at 100.0% for 2019 and does not include a reinstatement.
52
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
A mid-year Aggregate cover is purchased which consists of a $35 million annual limit after satisfaction of a $40 million annual aggregate deductible. Subject loss is $35 million excess of $5 million of each catastrophe. This cover was placed at 87.75% on July 1, 2019, and remains in place until June 30, 2020.
We use multiple reinsurers with each reinsurer absorbing part of the overall risk ceded. The primary reinsurers in the 2019 programs and the coverage each provides are shown in the following table:
A.M. Best Rating(1) | Percent of Risk Covered | |||||||
Reinsurer | Non–Catastrophe | Catastrophe | ||||||
Lloyd’s Syndicates | A | 37.6 | % | 38.3 | % | |||
Swiss Re | A+ | 12.1 | 7.2 | |||||
Safety National Casualty Corporation | A+ | 16.6 | — | |||||
Hannover Ruckversicherung-Aktiengesellschaft, Germany | A+ | 10.0 | — | |||||
Tokio Millennium Re Ltd. | A+ | — | 6.1 | |||||
Other Reinsurers with no single company with greater than an 8% share | 23.7 | 48.4 | ||||||
Total Reinsurance Coverage | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||
(1) | A.M. Best rating as of the most current information available February 7, 2020. |
Reinsurance is used in the credit property and casualty business primarily to provide producers of credit-related insurance products the opportunity to participate in the underwriting risk through various entities, such as producer-owned captive reinsurance companies or other insurance companies. A majority of the treaties entered into by our Specialty Markets Group are written on a 100% coinsurance basis without benefit limits on credit P&C. We also place a corporate catastrophe reinsurance program which covers P&C business written by the Specialty Markets Group as well as personal and commercial business written by our Multiple Line agents.
Reserve Development
While we believe that our claims reserves at December 31, 2019 are adequate, new information, events or circumstances, unknown at the original valuation date, may lead to future developments in ultimate losses in amounts significantly greater or less than the reserves currently recorded. The actual final cost of settling both claims outstanding at December 31, 2019 and claims expected to arise from unexpired periods of risk is uncertain. There are many other possible changes that would cause losses to increase or decrease, which include but are not limited to claim severity; the expected level of reported claims; judicial action changing the scope or liability of coverage; the regulatory, social and economic environment; and unexpected changes in loss inflation. For additional information regarding prior year development of our claims and CAE reserves, refer to Note 12, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
53
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other segment financial results for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | Change over prior year | |||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | $ | 75,993 | $ | 85,702 | $ | 75,227 | $ | (9,709 | ) | $ | 10,475 | |||||||||
Net realized investment gains | 30,751 | 16,931 | 91,209 | 13,820 | (74,278 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities* | 422,535 | (107,188 | ) | — | 529,723 | (107,188 | ) | |||||||||||||
Other income | 14,048 | 4,840 | 5,242 | 9,208 | (402 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total other revenues | 543,327 | 285 | 171,678 | 543,042 | (171,393 | ) | ||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 41,222 | 31,479 | 34,552 | 9,743 | (3,073 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | 41,222 | 31,479 | 34,552 | 9,743 | (3,073 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before federal income taxes and other items | $ | 502,105 | $ | (31,194 | ) | $ | 137,126 | $ | 533,299 | $ | (168,320 | ) | ||||||||
* | Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-01. As a result, unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are no longer recognized in other comprehensive income; rather, all changes in the fair value of equity securities are now recognized in earnings. Since changes in fair value are recognized in earnings each reporting period, OTTI is no longer recognized on equity securities in a loss position. Results for the year ended December 31, 2017 have not been restated to conform to the current presentation. See Note 3, Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Earnings comparison of 2019 to 2018
Income from operations for our Corporate and Other segment increased primarily due to the following:
• | Increase in net gains on equity securities resulting from favorable market conditions. |
Investments
We manage our investment portfolio to optimize the rate of return commensurate with sound and prudent asset selection and to maintain a well-diversified portfolio in support of our products and capital. Our investment operations are regulated primarily by the state insurance departments where our insurance companies are domiciled. Investment activities, including setting investment policies and defining acceptable risk levels, are subject to oversight by our Board of Directors, which is assisted by our Finance Committee and Enterprise Risk Management Committee.
Our insurance and annuity products are generally supported by investment-grade bonds and commercial mortgage loans. We also invest in equity options as a hedge for our indexed products. We purchase fixed maturity securities and designate them as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale considering our estimated future cash flow needs. We also monitor the composition of our fixed maturity securities classified as held-to-maturity and available-for-sale and adjust the mix within the portfolio as investments mature or new investments are purchased.
We invest in commercial mortgage loans when the yield and credit risk compare favorably with fixed maturity securities. Individual residential mortgage loans including sub-prime or Alt-A mortgage loans have not been and are not expected to be part of our investment portfolio. We purchase real estate and equity investments based on a risk and reward analysis where we believe there are opportunities for enhanced returns.
54
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The following summarizes the carrying values of our invested assets (other than investments in unconsolidated affiliates) by asset class (in thousands, except percentages):
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||
Fixed maturity, bonds held-to-maturity, at amortized cost | $ | 8,631,261 | 36.6 | % | $ | 8,211,449 | 36.8 | % | ||||||
Fixed maturity, bonds available-for-sale, at fair value | 6,725,085 | 28.5 | 6,215,563 | 27.9 | ||||||||||
Equity securities, at fair value | 1,700,960 | 7.2 | 1,530,228 | 6.9 | ||||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | 5,097,017 | 21.6 | 5,124,707 | 23.0 | ||||||||||
Policy loans | 379,657 | 1.6 | 376,254 | 1.7 | ||||||||||
Investment real estate, net of accumulated depreciation | 551,219 | 2.3 | 587,516 | 2.6 | ||||||||||
Short-term investments | 425,321 | 1.8 | 206,760 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
Other invested assets | 76,569 | 0.4 | 50,087 | 0.2 | ||||||||||
Total investments | $ | 23,587,089 | 100.0 | % | $ | 22,302,564 | 100.0 | % | ||||||
The increase in our total investments at December 31, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018 was primarily a result of an increase in short-term investments and bonds available-for-sale. These increases were somewhat offset by a reduction in mortgage loans.
Bonds—We allocate most of our fixed maturity securities to support our insurance business. At December 31, 2019, our fixed maturity securities had an estimated fair value of $15.7 billion, which was $0.6 billion, or 4.2%, above amortized cost. At December 31, 2018, our fixed maturity securities had an estimated fair value of $14.3 billion, which was $0.1 billion, or 0.9%, below amortized cost. The estimated fair value for securities due in one year or less was $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2019 and $0.5 billion as of December 31, 2018. For additional information regarding total bonds by credit quality rating refer to Note 4, Investments in Securities, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Securities—We invest in companies publicly traded on national U.S. stock exchanges. See Note 4, Investments in Securities, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the unrealized and realized gains and losses of equity securities.
Mortgage Loans—We invest in commercial mortgage loans that are diversified by property-type and geography. Generally, mortgage loans are secured by first liens on income-producing real estate with a loan-to-value ratio of up to 75%. Mortgage loans are generally carried at outstanding principal balances, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, deferred fees or expenses, and net of allowances. The weighted average coupon yield on the principal funded for mortgage loans was 4.8% and 4.9% at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For additional information regarding mortgage loans refer to Note 5, Mortgage Loans, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Policy Loans—For certain life insurance products, policyholders may borrow funds using the policy’s cash value as collateral. The maximum amount of the policy loan depends upon the policy’s surrender value. As of December 31, 2019, we had $379.7 million in policy loans with a loan to surrender value of approximately 56%, and at December 31, 2018, we had $376.3 million in policy loans with a loan to surrender value of approximately 60%. Interest rates on policy loans primarily range from 3.0% to 12.0% per annum. Policy loans may be repaid at any time by the policyholder and have priority to any claims on the policy. If the policyholder fails to repay the policy loan, funds are withdrawn from the policy’s benefits.
Investment Real Estate—We invest in commercial real estate where positive cash flows and/or appreciation in value is expected. Real estate may be owned directly by our insurance companies or non-insurance affiliates or indirectly in joint ventures with real estate developers or investors we determine share our perspective regarding risk and return relationships. The carrying value of real estate is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairments, if any. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the properties.
Short-Term Investments—Short-term investments are primarily commercial paper rated A2 or P2 or better by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, respectively. The amount fluctuates depending on our view of the desirability of investing in the available long-term investment opportunities and our liquidity needs, including mortgage investment-funding commitments.
55
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Net Investment Income and Net Realized Gains (Losses)
Net investment income increased $219.0 million during 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to gains on options from an improvement in the S&P 500 Index.
Interest income on mortgage loans is accrued on the principal amount of the loan at the contractual interest rate. Accretion of discounts is recorded using the effective yield method. Interest income, accretion of discounts and prepayment fees are reported in net investment income. Interest is not accrued on loans generally more than 90 days past due or when the collection of interest is not considered probable. Loans in foreclosure are placed on non-accrual status. Interest received on non-accrual status mortgage loans is included in net investment income in the period received.
Net realized investment gains increased $13.8 million during 2019 compared to 2018 primarily attributable to the sale of real estate.
Net Unrealized Gains and Losses
The unrealized gains and losses of our fixed maturity securities investment portfolio are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | Change | ||||||||||
Held-to-Maturity | ||||||||||||
Gains | $ | 345,463 | $ | 72,403 | $ | 273,060 | ||||||
Losses | (8,034 | ) | (153,768 | ) | 145,734 | |||||||
Net gains (losses) | 337,429 | (81,365 | ) | 418,794 | ||||||||
Available-for-Sale | ||||||||||||
Gains | 302,426 | 61,286 | 241,140 | |||||||||
Losses | (13,011 | ) | (107,344 | ) | 94,333 | |||||||
Net gains (losses) | 289,415 | (46,058 | ) | 335,473 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 626,844 | $ | (127,423 | ) | $ | 754,267 | |||||
The net change in the unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities between December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is primarily attributable to the decrease in benchmark ten-year interest rates which were 1.9% and 2.7% respectively. The Company does not currently intend to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position.
Liquidity
Our liquidity requirements have been and are expected to continue to be met by funds from operations, comprised of premiums received from our customers, collateral for derivative transactions, and investment income and maturities. The primary use of cash has been and is expected to continue to be payment of policyholder benefits and claims incurred. Current and expected patterns of claim frequency and severity may change from period to period but continue to be within historical norms. Management considers our current liquidity position to be sufficient to meet anticipated demands over the next twelve months. Our contractual obligations are not expected to have a significant negative impact to cash flows from operations.
56
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
Increasing interest rates may lead to an increase in annuity surrenders, which may be partially offset by an increase in new annuity sales. Our defined benefit plans are frozen and currently adequately funded; however, low interest rates, increased longevity of participants, and rising Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (“PBGC”) premiums may cause us to increase our funding of the plans. Additionally, due to changes in the tax law, there was an opportunity to realize tax savings on contributions made before September 15, 2018. Consequently, a $60 million contribution was made before the aforementioned deadline. This contribution did not significantly impact cash flow and resulted in an overfunded status on our qualified pension plan. We are currently evaluating the renovation and modernization of our home office facilities. This could result in capital expenditures that could aggregate approximately $100 million over a three year period beginning in 2021. There are no other unusually large capital expenditures are expected in the next 12-24 months. We have paid dividends to stockholders for over 110 consecutive years and expect to continue this trend. There are no other known trends or uncertainties regarding product pricing, changes in product lines or rising costs that are expected to have a significant impact to cash flows from operations.
Funds received as premium payments and deposits that are not used for liquidity requirements are generally invested in bonds and commercial mortgages. Funds are invested with the intent that income from the investments and proceeds from the maturities will meet our ongoing cash flow needs. We historically have not had to liquidate invested assets in order to cover cash flow needs. We believe our portfolio of highly liquid available-for-sale investment securities, including equity securities, is sufficient to meet future liquidity needs as necessary. Deposits of certain securities and mortgage loans under the Company’s membership with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (“FHLB”) provided approximately $488.0 million of borrowing capacity as of December 31, 2019, which increased to approximately $1.1 billion as of January 8, 2020, should we require additional liquidity resources for operations or for opportunities related to a merger or acquisition.
The Company holds collateral of $257.6 million at December 31, 2019 to offset exposure from its derivative counterparties. Cash flows associated with collateral received from counterparties change as the market value of the underlying derivative contract changes.
Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment position increased from $474.9 million at December 31, 2018 to $877.3 million at December 31, 2019. The increase primarily relates to an increase in commercial paper to fund investments and other operating requirements.
A downgrade or a potential downgrade in our financial strength ratings could result in a loss of business and could adversely affect our cash flows from operations.
Further information regarding additional sources or uses of cash is described in Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Capital Resources
Our capital resources are summarized below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
American National stockholders’ equity, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of tax | $ | 5,890,231 | $ | 5,356,986 | $ | 4,604,543 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 99,518 | (99,738 | ) | 642,216 | ||||||||
Total American National stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,989,749 | $ | 5,257,248 | $ | 5,246,759 | ||||||
We have notes payable relating to borrowings by real estate joint ventures that we consolidate into our financial statements that are not part of our capital resources. The lenders for the notes payable generally have no recourse against us in the event of default by the joint ventures. Therefore, the liability we have for these notes payable is limited to our investment in the respective ventures, which totaled $4.3 million and $26.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
The changes in our capital resources are summarized below (in thousands):
Years ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital and Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total | Capital and Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National | $ | 620,363 | $ | — | $ | 620,363 | $ | 158,995 | $ | — | $ | 158,995 | ||||||||||||
Dividends to shareholders | (88,243 | ) | — | (88,243 | ) | (88,228 | ) | — | (88,228 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities | — | 184,156 | 184,156 | — | (136,261 | ) | (136,261 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency transaction and translation adjustment | — | 390 | 390 | — | (900 | ) | (900 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plan adjustment | — | 15,495 | 15,495 | — | 22,326 | 22,326 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes | 785 | (785 | ) | — | 687,051 | (627,119 | ) | 59,932 | ||||||||||||||||
Other | 340 | — | 340 | (5,375 | ) | — | (5,375 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 533,245 | $ | 199,256 | $ | 732,501 | $ | 752,443 | $ | (741,954 | ) | $ | 10,489 | |||||||||||
Statutory Capital and Surplus and Risk-based Capital
Statutory capital and surplus is the capital of our insurance companies reported in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the applicable state insurance departments. RBC is calculated using formulas applied to certain financial balances and activities that consider, among other things, investment risks related to the type and quality of investments, insurance risks associated with products and liabilities, interest rate risks and general business risks. Insurance companies that do not maintain capital and surplus at a level of at least 200% of the authorized control level RBC are required to take certain actions. At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, American National Insurance Company’s statutory capital and surplus was $3,477,727,000 and $3,162,808,000, respectively. American National Insurance Company and each of its insurance subsidiaries had statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, substantially above 200% of the authorized control level.
The achievement of long-term growth will require growth in American National Insurance Company’s and our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory capital and surplus. Our subsidiaries may obtain additional statutory capital through various sources, such as retained statutory earnings or equity contributions from us.
Contractual Obligations
The following summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance obligations(1) | $ | 5,781,008 | $ | (35,623 | ) | $ | (23,345 | ) | $ | 99,778 | $ | 5,740,198 | ||||||||
Annuity obligations(1) | 16,399,570 | 1,224,960 | 2,544,691 | 2,368,548 | 10,261,371 | |||||||||||||||
Property and casualty insurance obligations(2) | 996,653 | 430,873 | 360,480 | 119,943 | 85,357 | |||||||||||||||
Health insurance obligations(3) | 243,825 | 151,463 | 23,681 | 12,368 | 56,313 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commitments to purchase and fund investments | 605,333 | 211,204 | 298,453 | 94,307 | 1,369 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan commitments | 687,287 | 450,258 | 237,029 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Operating leases | 14,095 | 4,904 | 7,068 | 1,930 | 193 | |||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plans(4) | 65,755 | 15,673 | 17,171 | 12,268 | 20,643 | |||||||||||||||
Notes payable(5) | 157,997 | — | 10,836 | 65,452 | 81,709 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 24,951,523 | $ | 2,453,712 | $ | 3,476,064 | $ | 2,774,594 | $ | 16,247,153 | ||||||||||
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — (Continued)
(1) | Life and annuity obligations include undiscounted estimated claim, benefit, surrender and commission obligations offset by expected future premiums and deposits on in-force insurance policies and annuity contracts. All amounts are gross of any reinsurance recoverable. Estimated claim, benefit and surrender obligations are based on mortality and lapse assumptions comparable with historical experience. Estimated payments on interest-sensitive life and annuity obligations include interest credited to those products. The interest crediting rates are derived by deducting current product spreads from a constant investment yield. As a result, the estimated obligations for insurance liabilities included in the table exceed the liabilities recorded in the liability for future policy benefits and policy and contract claims. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, the amounts presented could materially differ from actual payments. Separate account obligations have not been included in the table since those obligations are not part of the general account obligations and will be funded by cash flows from separate account assets. The general account obligations for insurance liabilities will be funded by cash flows from general account assets and future premiums and deposits. Participating policyholder dividends payable consists of liabilities related to dividends payable in the following calendar year and are presented in the less than one-year category. All estimated cash payments are net of estimated future premiums on policies currently in-force net of future policyholder dividends payable. The participating policyholders’ share obligation included in other policyholder funds and the timing and amount of the ultimate participating policyholder obligation is subject to significant uncertainty and the amount of the participating policyholder obligation is based upon a long-term projection of the performance of the participating policy block. |
(2) | Includes undiscounted case reserves for reported claims and reserves for IBNR with the timing of future payments based on our historical payment patterns. The timing of these payments may vary significantly from the pattern shown in the preceding table. The ultimate losses may vary materially from the recorded amounts, which are our best estimates. |
(3) | Reflects estimated future claim payments for claims incurred based on mortality and morbidity assumptions that are consistent with historical claims experience. These are not discounted with interest and will exceed the liabilities recorded in reserves for future claim payment, which are discounted with interest. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, the amounts presented could materially differ from actual payments. |
(4) | Estimated payments through continuing operations for benefit obligations of the non-qualified defined benefit pension plan. A liability has been established for the full amount of benefits accrued. |
(5) | The estimated payments due by period for notes payable reflect the contractual maturities of principal for amounts borrowed by real estate joint ventures and collateralized by real-estate owned by the respective entity. American National’s liability is limited to its investment in the respective joint venture. See Note 6, Real Estate and Other Investments, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have off-balance sheet arrangements relating to third-party marketing operation bank loans as discussed in Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We could be exposed to a liability for these loans, which are supported by the cash value of the underlying insurance contracts. The cash value of the life insurance policies is designed to always equal or exceed the balance of the loans. Accordingly, management does not foresee any material loss related to these arrangements.
Related-Party Transactions
We have various agency, consulting and service arrangements with individuals and entities considered to be related parties. Each of these arrangements has been reviewed and approved by our Audit Committee, which retains final decision-making authority for these transactions. The amounts involved, both individually and in the aggregate, with these arrangements are not material to any segment or to our overall operations. For additional details see Note 20, Related Party Transactions, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our investments and some of our products are subject to various market risks associated with changes in interest rates, credit spreads, issuer defaults, equity prices and market indices. Adverse changes due to these market risks may occur as a result of various factors, including changes in market liquidity, risk tolerances and market perceptions of creditworthiness.
We emphasize prudent risk management throughout all our operations. Our enterprise risk management procedures help us to identify, prioritize and manage various risks including market risk. Under the leadership of our Board of Directors and Corporate Risk Officer, we have instituted a framework based on the principles of enterprise risk management designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of our strategic objectives. Related activities include:
• | Identifying evolving and potential risks and events that may affect us; |
• | managing risks within our risk profile; |
• | appropriate escalation of risks and disclosure of any risk limit breaches within the enterprise, along with the correction method if appropriate; |
• | tracking actual risk levels against predetermined thresholds; and |
• | monitoring our capital adequacy. |
We expect ongoing enterprise risk management efforts will expand the management tools used to support an efficient allocation of capital and enhance the measurement of possible diversification benefits across business segments and risk classes.
A key component of our risk management program is our ALM Committee. The ALM Committee monitors the level of our risk exposure in managing our assets and liabilities to attain the desired risk-return profile for our diverse mix of assets and liabilities and their resultant cash flows. This process includes maintaining adequate reserves, monitoring claims and surrender experience, managing interest rate spreads, evaluation of alternate investment strategies and protecting against disintermediation risk for life insurance and annuity products.
As a part of the ALM process, we have asset portfolios for each major line of business, which represent the investment strategies used to fund liabilities within acceptable levels of risk. We monitor these strategies through regular review of portfolio metrics, such as effective duration, yield curve sensitivity and liquidity. In executing these ALM strategies, we regularly reevaluate the estimates used in determining the approximate amounts and timing of payments to or on behalf of policyholders for insurance liabilities. Many of these estimates are inherently subjective and could impact our ability to achieve our ALM goals and objectives. Our Finance Committee and ALM Committee also review the risks associated with evaluation of alternate investment strategies and the specific investments made to support our business and for consistency with our overall investment strategy.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of our interest sensitive assets or liabilities will change with changes in market interest rates. The fair market value of fixed maturity securities is inversely related to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates fall, the cash flow from the interest coupon and dividend streams of existing fixed rate investments become more valuable and the market values of fixed maturity securities rise. As interest rates rise, the reverse occurs and the market value of fixed maturity securities falls. These general assumptions hold all other variables influencing the values of fixed maturity securities constant and would not fully reflect any prepayment to the portfolio, changes in corporate spreads or non-parallel changes in interest rates for different maturities, or changes in credit quality, any of which could cause changes in the values of fixed maturity securities that differ materially from our assumptions and estimates.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK — (Continued)
The carrying values of our investment in fixed maturity securities, which comprise 65.1% of our portfolio, are summarized below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||
Fixed maturity, bonds held-to-maturity | $ | 8,631,261 | 56.2 | % | $ | 8,211,449 | 56.9 | % | ||||||
Fixed maturity, bonds available-for-sale | 6,725,085 | 43.8 | 6,215,563 | 43.1 | ||||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale bonds | 289,415 | 4.3 | (46,058 | ) | (0.7 | ) | ||||||||
The unrealized gain on available-for-sale bonds was primarily the result of an increase in unrealized gains on corporate debt securities. Information regarding our unrealized gains or losses is disclosed in Note 4, Investments in Securities, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our exposure to cash flow changes is discussed further in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of the MD&A.
Our mortgage loans also have interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2019, these mortgage loans have fixed rates ranging from 3.5% to 10.0%. Most of the mortgage loan contracts require periodic payments of both principal and interest, and have amortization periods of three to 30 years. Many of our mortgage loans contain prepayment restrictions or fees or both that reduce the risk of payment before maturity or compensate us for all or a portion of the investment income lost through early payment of the loan principal.
Rising interest rates can cause increases in policy loans associated with life insurance policies and surrenders relating to life insurance or annuities. Policyholders may move their assets into new products offering higher rates if there were sudden or significant changes in interest rates. We may have to sell assets earlier than anticipated to pay for these withdrawals. Our life insurance and annuity product designs reduce the financial impact of early surrenders through the use of restrictions on withdrawal, surrender charges and market value adjustment features. ALM guidelines, including duration targets and asset allocation tolerances, help ensure this risk is managed within the constraints of established criteria. Consistent monitoring of and periodic changes to our product pricing help us to better match the duration of assets and liabilities.
Falling interest rates can have an adverse impact on our general account annuities. We aim to manage interest margin, which is the difference between yields on investments supporting our liabilities and amounts credited to policyholder account balances and reserves. As portfolio yields decline, we can reduce crediting rates on some deferred annuities, to a limit defined by contractual minimum guarantees, but we cannot adjust immediate annuity benefits and reserves. Assuming a 10 basis point decline in current portfolio yield, our annual interest margin would decline $9.0 million.
Interest Rate sensitivity analysis: The table below shows the estimated change in pre-tax market values of our investments in fixed maturity securities caused by instantaneous, one time parallel shifts in the corresponding year-end U.S. Treasury yield curves of +/- 100bps and +/- 50bps (in thousands):
Increase (Decrease) in Market Value Given an Interest Rate Increase (Decrease) of Basis Points | ||||||||||||||||
(100) | (50) | 50 | 100 | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | $ | 652,626 | $ | 322,580 | $ | (320,441 | ) | $ | (638,287 | ) | ||||||
December 31, 2018 | $ | 628,238 | $ | 311,485 | $ | (307,352 | ) | $ | (609,109 | ) | ||||||
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK — (Continued)
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk, which is the uncertainty of whether a counterparty will honor its obligation under the terms of a security, loan or contract. To help manage credit risk, we have an Investment Plan approved by our Board of Directors. This plan provides issuer and geographic concentration limits, investment size limits, mortgage loan-to-value guidelines and other applicable investment parameters. Investment activity, including the setting of investment policies and defining acceptable risk levels, is subject to review by our Finance Committee and Enterprise Risk Management Committee.
We are also exposed to risks created by changes in market prices and cash flows associated with fluctuations in the credit spread or the market’s perception of the relative risk and reward to hold fixed maturity securities of borrowers with different credit characteristics or credit ratings. Credit spread widening will reduce the fair value of our existing investment portfolio and will increase investment income on new purchases. Credit spread tightening would have the opposite effect. Information regarding the credit quality of our fixed maturity securities can be found in the Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Investments section of the MD&A.
We are subject to credit risk associated with our reinsurance agreements. While we believe our reinsurers are reputable and have the financial strength to meet their obligations to us, reinsurance does not eliminate our liability to pay our policyholders, and we remain primarily liable to our policyholders for the risks we insure. We regularly monitor the financial strength of our reinsurers and the levels of concentration to individual reinsurers to verify they meet established thresholds.
The Company’s use of derivative instruments exposes it to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties. The Company has adopted a policy of only dealing with counterparties it believes are creditworthy and obtaining collateral where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the financial loss from defaults. The Company holds collateral in cash and notes secured by U.S. government backed assets. The non-performance risk is the net counterparty exposure based on the fair value of the open contracts, less collateral held. For additional information regarding counterparties used and collateral received, see Note 7, Derivative Instruments, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Risk
Equity risk is the risk that we will incur realized or unrealized losses due to changes in the overall equity investment markets or specific investments within our portfolio. As a result of FASB issued guidance, the change in fair value of equity securities is recognized in earnings, which could increase the level of volatility in our consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2019, we held approximately $1.7 billion of equity investments, which are subject to equity risk. Our exposure to the equity markets is managed by sector and individual security and is intended to track the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (“S&P 500”) with minor variations. We mitigate our equity risk by diversification of the investment portfolio.
We also have equity risk associated with the equity-indexed life and annuity products we issue. We have entered into derivative transactions, primarily over-the-counter equity call options, to hedge our exposure to equity index changes.
Changes in Accounting Principles
Refer to Note 3, Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Annual Consolidated Financial Statements
63
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
American National Insurance Company:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of American National Insurance Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedules I to V (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 28, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for equity investments as of January 1, 2018 due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
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Assessment of the estimate of liability for secondary guarantees for universal life policies
As discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, some of the Company’s universal life policies contain secondary guarantees for which additional reserves are recorded. As of December 31, 2019, the balance of the estimated liability for secondary guarantees was included within the life future policy holder benefits balance of $3,088 million in the consolidated statements of financial position. The liabilities for universal life secondary guarantees are determined by estimating the expected value of death benefits payable when the account balance is projected to be zero and recognizing those benefits ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The Company regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the additional liability balances with a related charge or credit to benefit expense, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier actuarial assumptions should be revised based on the Company’s best estimate.
We identified the assessment of the Company’s estimate of liability for secondary guarantees for universal life policies as a critical audit matter. A high degree of subjective auditor judgment was required in the evaluation of mortality, surrender and premium persistency assumptions (actuarial assumptions) related to determining the present value of the excess payments. In addition, specialized skills and knowledge were required to evaluate the estimate and actuarial assumptions.
The primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s process to estimate the liability for secondary guarantees for universal life policies including controls related to assessment of actuarial assumptions through an analysis of actuarial assumptions used relative to the Company’s historical experience. We involved actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
• | Comparing the Company’s reserving methodologies to generally accepted actuarial standards; |
• | Evaluating the actuarial assumptions utilized in deriving the estimate based on an analysis of the actuarial assumptions as compared to actual experience and current economic environmental factors affecting policyholder behavior; |
• | Evaluating the Company’s decisions to change or not to change actuarial assumptions based on the above mentioned analysis; and |
• | Developing independent estimates for certain cohorts (group of policies) based on assumptions and data used by the Company. |
Assessment of the estimate of embedded derivative liability for equity indexed annuity contracts
As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company issues equity-indexed annuity contracts. The equity-indexed feature is required to be accounted for separately as a derivative instrument (embedded derivative liability). The fair value of the embedded derivative liability is estimated using the discounted cash flow technique utilizing various assumptions. The fair value of the embedded derivatives in equity-indexed annuity contracts is $596 million as of December 31, 2019.
We have identified the assessment of the Company’s estimate of the embedded derivative liability as a critical audit matter. As assumptions required predictions of policyholder behavior, the evaluation of surrender assumptions utilized in the estimation of the embedded derivative liability required specialized skills and knowledge and a high degree of auditor judgment.
The primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s process to estimate the embedded derivative liability including controls related to the assessment of surrender assumptions based on analysis of anticipated surrenders as compared to historical experience. We involved actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
• | Evaluating the Company’s valuation methodology to ascertain whether the methodology is designed to produce a fair value estimate as required by generally accepted accounting principles; |
• | Evaluating the surrender assumptions utilized in developing the estimate based on an analysis of anticipated surrenders as compared to actual experience and current economic environmental factors affecting policyholder behavior; |
• | Evaluating the Company’s decisions to change or not to change surrender assumptions based on the above mentioned analysis; |
• | Developing independent estimates for certain equity indexed embedded derivative fair values based on assumptions and data elements used by the Company; |
65
• | Assessing the trend of the percentage change in the S&P 500 index and the percentage change in the fair value of the embedded derivative as a percentage of policyholder account value to assess the relationship throughout the year; and |
• | Evaluating the ratio of the fair value of the embedded derivative to policyholder account value of equity indexed annuities to assess the consistency of the ratio throughout the year and in comparison to prior year. |
Assessment of the estimate of property and casualty liability for unpaid claims
As discussed in Notes 2 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the property and casualty liability for unpaid claims (property and casualty reserves) consists of the amount estimated for incurred but not reported claims and claims that have been reported but not settled. As of December 31, 2019, the balance of property and casualty reserves was included within the Policy and Contract Claims balance of $1,490 million in the consolidated statements of financial position. The Company estimates property and casualty reserves based upon the Company’s historical experience and actuarial assumptions that consider the effects of current developments, anticipated trends and risk management programs, less anticipated salvage and subrogation. The Company periodically evaluates such estimates in light of recent experience and current information and adjusts the reserves accordingly.
We identified the assessment of the Company’s estimate of property and casualty reserves as a critical audit matter because specialized skills and knowledge of actuarial methodologies were required to evaluate the estimate. Evaluation of the following assumptions required subjective auditor judgment: 1) selection and weighting of actuarial methodologies in the actuarial estimates; and 2) selection of loss development factors in the actuarial estimates.
The primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s process to estimate the property and casualty reserves, including controls over: 1) assessment of actuarial loss development factors and selection and weighting of actuarial methodologies and 2) a comparison of the independent analysis performed by a third party actuary. We involved actuarial professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
• | Comparing the Company’s reserving methodologies to generally accepted actuarial standards; |
• | Assessing the Company’s selection and weighting of actuarial methodologies, including the selection of loss development factors, by performing an independent estimate of reserves for major lines of business; |
• | Examining the Company’s internal and independent external actuarial analyses for the remaining lines of business; |
• | Developing an independent range of reserves based on actuarial methodologies to evaluate the Company’s total recorded reserves; and |
• | Assessing the year-over-year movements of the Company’s total recorded property and casualty reserves within the independently developed range. |
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.
Houston, Texas
February 28, 2020
66
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
American National Insurance Company:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited American National Insurance Company and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operation, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedules I to V (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 28, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Houston, Texas
February 28, 2020
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AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(In thousands, except share data)
December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Fixed maturity, bonds held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (Fair value $8,968,690 and $8,130,084) | $ | $ | ||||||
Fixed maturity, bonds available-for-sale, at fair value (Amortized cost $6,435,670 and $6,261,621) | ||||||||
Equity securities, at fair value (Cost $663,058 and $714,504) | ||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | ||||||||
Policy loans | ||||||||
Investment real estate, net of accumulated depreciation of $256,757 and $267,920 | ||||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||||
Other invested assets | ||||||||
Total investments | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | ||||||||
Accrued investment income | ||||||||
Reinsurance recoverables | ||||||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | ||||||||
Premiums due and other receivables | ||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $257,907 and $236,922 | ||||||||
Current tax receivable | ||||||||
Prepaid pension | ||||||||
Other assets | ||||||||
Separate account assets | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
LIABILITIES | ||||||||
Future policy benefits | ||||||||
Life | $ | $ | ||||||
Annuity | ||||||||
Health | ||||||||
Policyholders’ account balances | ||||||||
Policy and contract claims | ||||||||
Unearned premium reserve | ||||||||
Other policyholder funds | ||||||||
Liability for retirement benefits | ||||||||
Notes payable | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities, net | ||||||||
Current tax payable | ||||||||
Other liabilities | ||||||||
Separate account liabilities | ||||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||||
EQUITY | ||||||||
American National stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Common stock, $1.00 par value, Authorized 50,000,000, Issued 30,832,449 and 30,832,449 Outstanding 26,887,200 and 26,885,449 shares | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
Retained earnings | ||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Total American National stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | ||||||||
Total equity | ||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | ||||||
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AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||
Premiums | ||||||||||||
Life | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Annuity | ||||||||||||
Health | ||||||||||||
Property and casualty | ||||||||||||
Other policy revenues | ||||||||||||
Net investment income | ||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ||||||||||||
Other-than-temporary impairments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other income | ||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | ||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | ||||||||||||
Life | ||||||||||||
Annuity | ||||||||||||
Claims incurred | ||||||||||||
Health | ||||||||||||
Property and casualty | ||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | ||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | ||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | ||||||||||||
Income before federal income tax and other items | ||||||||||||
Less: Provision (benefit) for federal income taxes | ||||||||||||
Current | ||||||||||||
Deferred | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Total provision (benefit) for federal income taxes | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Income after federal income tax | ||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ||||||||||||
Other components of net periodic pension costs, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net income | ||||||||||||
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest, net of tax | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Amounts available to American National common stockholders | ||||||||||||
Earnings per share | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Diluted | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends to common stockholders | ||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares | ||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
69
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ||||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign currency transaction and translation adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plan adjustment | ||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income attributable to American National | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In thousands)
Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Reissuance of treasury shares | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends to common stockholders | — | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Reissuance (purchase) of treasury shares | — | — | — | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends to common stockholders | — | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
Reissuance of treasury shares | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends to common stockholders | — | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Other-than-temporary impairments | ||||||||||||
Accretion of premiums, discounts and loan origination fees | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net capitalized interest on policy loans and mortgage loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Depreciation | ||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | ||||||||||||
Charges to policyholders’ account balances | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates | ||||||||||||
Changes in | ||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities | ||||||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Reinsurance recoverables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Premiums due and other receivables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Accrued investment income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Current tax receivable/payable | ||||||||||||
Liability for retirement benefits | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Fair value of option securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Fair value of equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net | ||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale/maturity/prepayment of | ||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | ||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||
Investment real estate | ||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | ||||||||||||
Policy loans | ||||||||||||
Other invested assets | ||||||||||||
Disposals of property and equipment | ||||||||||||
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates | ||||||||||||
Payment for the purchase/origination of | ||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Available-for-sale securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Investment real estate | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Mortgage loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Policy loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Other invested assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Additions to property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Contributions to unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Change in short-term investments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Change in collateral held for derivatives | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
Policyholders’ account deposits | ||||||||||||
Policyholders’ account withdrawals | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Change in notes payable | ||||||||||||
Dividends to stockholders | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Payments to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Beginning of the period | ||||||||||||
End of the period | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
72
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Nature of Operations
American National Insurance Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively “American National” or “the Company”) offer a broad portfolio of insurance products, including individual and group life insurance, annuities, health insurance, and property and casualty insurance. Business is conducted in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported consolidated financial statement balances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Investments
Mortgage loans on real estate are stated at unpaid principal balance, adjusted for any unamortized discount, deferred expenses, and allowances. Accretion of discounts is recorded using the effective yield method. Interest income, prepayment fees and accretion of discounts and origination fees are reported in “Net investment income” in the consolidated statements of operations. Interest income earned on impaired and non-impaired loans is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on contractual interest rate. However, interest ceases to accrue for loans on which interest is more than 90 days past due, when the collection of interest is not probable or when a loan is in foreclosure. Income on past due loans is reported on a cash basis. When a loan becomes current, it is placed back into accrual status. Cash receipts on impaired loans are recorded as a reduction of principal, interest income, expense reimbursement or other manner in accordance with the loan agreement. Gains and losses from the sale of loans and changes in allowances are reported in “Net realized investment gains” in the consolidated statements of operations.
Each mortgage loan is evaluated quarterly and placed in a watchlist if events occur or circumstances exist that could indicate that American National will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Additionally, loans with estimated collateral value less than their balance and loans with characteristics indicative of higher than normal credit risks are reviewed quarterly. All loans in the watchlist are analyzed individually for impairment. If a loan is concluded to be fully collectible, no loss allowance is recorded. Loans are considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan will be uncollectible. A specific allowance for loan losses is established for the excess carrying value of the loan over either: (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, or (ii) the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or otherwise collateral dependent. Allowances are also established on groups of loans with similar characteristics, such as property types, if based on experience, it is probable that a loss has occurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The allowance is reviewed quarterly to determine if it is adequate, or if a recovery of the asset is assured and the allowance can be reduced.
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Management believes the recorded allowance is adequate and is the best estimate of probable loan losses, including losses incurred at the reporting date but not identified by a specific loan. The allowance is based on historical loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations affecting the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of the underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. Loans are charged off as uncollectible only when the loan is forgiven by a legal agreement. Prior to charging off a loan, an allowance is recorded based on the estimated recoverable amount. Upon forgiveness, both the allowance and the loan balance are reduced which results in no further gain or loss.
Policy loans are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
Investment real estate including related improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset (typically 15 to 50 years). Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective lease. American National classifies a property as held-for-sale if it commits to a plan to sell a property within one year and actively markets the property in its current condition for a price that is reasonable in comparison to its estimated fair value. Real estate held-for-sale is stated at the lower of depreciated cost or estimated fair value less expected disposition costs, and is not depreciated while it is classified as held-for-sale. American National periodically reviews its investment real estate for impairment and tests properties for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable and the carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated fair value. Properties whose carrying values are greater than their undiscounted cash flows are written down to their estimated fair value, with the impairment loss included as an adjustment to “Net realized investment gains” in the consolidated statements of operations. Impairment losses are based upon the estimated fair value of real estate, which is generally computed using the present value of expected future cash flows from the real estate discounted at a rate commensurate with the underlying risks as well as other appraisal methods. Real estate acquired upon foreclosure is recorded at the lower of its cost or its estimated fair value at the date of foreclosure.
Real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests in which the Company has more than a minor interest or influence over the investee’s operations, but it does not have a controlling interest and is not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for using the equity method. These investments are reported as “Investments in unconsolidated affiliates” in the consolidated statements of financial position. For certain joint ventures, American National records its share of earnings using a lag methodology of one to three months when timely financial information is not available and the contractual right does not exist to receive such financial information. In addition to the investees’ impairment analysis of its underlying investments, American National routinely evaluates its investments in those investees for impairments. American National considers financial and other information provided by the investee, other known information and inherent risks in the underlying investments, as well as future capital commitments, in determining whether impairment has occurred. When an impairment is deemed to have occurred at the joint venture level, American National recognizes its share as an adjustment to “Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates” to record the investment at its fair value. When an impairment results from American National’s separate analysis, an adjustment is made through “Net realized investment gains” to record the investment at its fair value.
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Impairments are evaluated quarterly and where management believes the carrying value will not be realized, an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss is recorded.
All fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses are assessed to determine if the creditworthiness of any of those securities has deteriorated to a point where its carrying value will not be realized at maturity. For fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2019, the unrealized losses that were not other-than-temporarily impaired were the result of credit spread widening. There were no delinquent coupon payments attributed to these securities for the year ended December 31, 2019.
For all fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss positions which American National does not intend to sell and for which it is not more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell before its anticipated recovery, American National assesses whether the amortized cost basis of securities will be recovered by comparing the net present value of the expected cash flows from those securities with its amortized cost basis. Management estimates the expected cash flows using historical experience information as well as market observable data, such as industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings and other data relevant to the collectability of a security. The net present value of the expected cash flows from fixed maturity securities is calculated by discounting management’s best estimate of expected cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the fixed maturity security when acquired. If the net present value of the expected cash flows is less than the amortized cost, an OTTI has occurred in the form of a credit loss. The credit loss is recognized in earnings in the amount of excess amortized cost over the net present value of the expected cash flows. If the fair value is less than the net present value of its expected cash flows at the impairment measurement date, a non-credit loss exists which is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) for the difference between the fair value and the net present value of the expected cash flows.
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on-hand and in banks, as well as amounts invested in money market funds, and are reported as “Cash and cash equivalents” in the consolidated statements of financial position.
Property and equipment consist of buildings occupied by American National, data processing equipment, software, furniture and equipment, and automobiles which are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset (typically 3 to 50 years).
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Insurance specific assets and liabilities
Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) are capitalized costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. Significant costs are incurred to acquire insurance and annuity contracts, including commissions and certain underwriting, policy issuance and processing expenses.
DAC on traditional life (including limited-pay contracts) and health products is amortized with interest over the anticipated premium-paying period of the related policies, in proportion to the ratio of annual premium revenue expected to be received over the life of the policies. Expected premium revenue is estimated by using the same mortality, morbidity and withdrawal assumptions used in computing liabilities for future policy benefits. DAC is reduced by a provision for possible inflation of maintenance and settlement expenses determined by means of grading interest rates.
DAC on universal life and investment-type contracts is amortized as a level percentage of the present value of anticipated gross profits from investment yields, mortality, and surrender charges. The effect of the realization of unrealized gains (losses) on DAC is recognized within AOCI in the consolidated statements of financial position as of the reporting date. A change in interest rates could have a significant impact on DAC calculated for these contracts.
DAC associated with property and casualty business is amortized over the coverage period of the related policies, in relation to premiums earned.
For short-duration and long-duration contracts, DAC is grouped consistent with the manner in which insurance contracts are acquired, serviced and measured for profitability and is reviewed for recoverability based on the profitability of the underlying insurance contracts. Investment income is not anticipated in assessing the recoverability of DAC for short-duration contracts.
Liabilities for future policy benefits for traditional products have been provided on a net level premium method based on estimated investment yields, withdrawals, mortality, and other assumptions that were appropriate at the time policies were issued. Estimates are based on historical experience, adjusted for possible adverse deviation. These estimates are periodically reviewed and compared with actual experience. When it is determined that future expected experience differs significantly from existing assumptions, the estimates are revised for current and future issues.
Policyholders’ account balances represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders related to universal-life and investments-type contracts. For fixed products, these are generally equal to the accumulated deposits, plus interest credited, reduced by withdrawals, payouts, and accumulated policyholder assessments. Indexed product account balances are equal to the sum of host and embedded derivative reserves computed per derivative accounting guidance.
Reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses (“CAE”) are established to provide for the estimated costs of paying claims. These reserves include estimates for both case reserves and incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claim reserves. Case reserves include the liability for reported but unpaid claims. IBNR reserves include a provision for potential development on case reserves, losses on claims currently closed which may reopen in the future, as well as incurred but not reported claims. These reserves also include an estimate of the expense associated with settling claims, including legal and other fees and the general expenses of administering the claims adjustment process.
Reinsurance—Reinsurance recoverables are estimated amounts due to American National from reinsurers related to paid and unpaid ceded claims and CAE and are presented net of a reserve for collectability. Recoveries of gross ultimate losses are estimated by a review of individual large claims and the ceded portion of IBNR using assumed distribution of loss by percentage retained. The most significant assumption is the average size of the individual losses for those claims that have occurred but have not yet been reported. The ultimate amount of the reinsurance ceded recoverable is unknown until all losses settle.
76
Separate account assets and liabilities
Separate account assets and liabilities are funds that are held separate from the general assets and liabilities of American National and that represent the investments of variable insurance product contract holders, who bear the investment risk of such funds. Investment income and investment gains and losses from these separate funds accrue to the benefit of the contract holders. Separate accounts are established in conformity with insurance laws and are not chargeable with liabilities that arise from any other business of American National. American National reports separately, as assets and liabilities, investments held in separate accounts and liabilities of the separate accounts if (i) such separate accounts are legally recognized; (ii) assets supporting the contract liabilities are legally insulated from American National’s general account liabilities; (iii) investments are directed by the contractholder; and (iv) all investment performance, net of contract fees and assessments, is passed through to the contract holder. American National's qualified pension plan assets are included in separate accounts. The assets of these accounts are carried at fair value. Deposits, net investment income and realized investment gains and losses for these accounts are excluded from revenues, and related liability increases are excluded from benefits and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Premiums, benefits, claims incurred and expenses
Traditional ordinary life and health premiums are recognized as revenue when due. Benefits and expenses are associated with earned premiums to result in recognition of profits over the term of the insurance contracts.
Annuity premiums received on limited-pay and supplemental annuity contracts involving a significant life contingency are recognized as revenue when due. Deferred annuity premiums are recorded as deposits rather than recognized as revenue. Revenues from deferred annuity contracts are principally surrender charges and, in the case of variable annuities, administrative fees assessed to contractholders.
Universal life and single premium whole life revenues represent amounts assessed to policyholders including mortality charges, surrender charges actually paid and earned policy service fees. Amounts included in expenses are benefits in excess of account balances returned to policyholders.
Property and casualty premiums are recognized as revenue proportionately over the contract period, net of reinsurance ceded. Claims incurred consist of claims and CAE paid and the change in reserves, net of reinsurance received and recoverable.
Participating insurance policies
Participating business comprised approximately 4.5 % of the life insurance in-force at December 31, 2019 and 17.2 % of life premiums in 2019.
For the majority of this participating business, profits earned are reserved for the payment of dividends to policyholders, except for the stockholders’ share of profits on participating policies, which is limited to the greater of 10 % of the profit on participating business, or 50 cents per thousand dollars of the face amount of participating life insurance in-force. Participating policyholders’ interest includes the accumulated net income from participating policies reserved for payment to such policyholders in the form of dividends (less net income allocated to stockholders as indicated above) as well as a pro rata portion of unrealized investment gains (losses) net of tax. Dividends to participating policyholders were $8.4 million, $7.6 million, and $6.1 million for the years ended 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Additional income of $34.0 million, $4.2 million, and $16.2 million was allocated to participating policyholders for the years ended 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
For all other participating business, the allocation of dividends to participating policyowners is based upon a comparison of experienced rates of mortality, interest and expenses, as determined periodically for representative plans of insurance, issue ages and policy durations, with the corresponding rates assumed in the calculation of premiums.
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Federal income taxes
American National files a consolidated life and non-life federal income tax return. Certain subsidiaries that are consolidated for financial reporting are not eligible to be included in the consolidated federal income tax return; accordingly, they file separate returns.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized to reflect the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred taxes are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
The effects of tax legislation are recognized in the period of enactment. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”) was enacted. The effects of Tax Reform were reflected in the 2017 financial statements as reasonably estimated provisional amounts based on available information subject to interpretation in accordance with the SEC's Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118"). As a result of Tax Reform, we recorded a tax benefit of $206.4 million in 2017 primarily due to remeasuring our existing deferred tax balances to the 21% corporate tax rate.
American National recognizes tax benefits on uncertain tax positions if it is “more-likely-than-not” the position based on its technical merits will be sustained by taxing authorities. American National recognizes the largest benefit that is greater than 50 % likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. Tax benefits not meeting the “more-likely-than-not” threshold, if applicable, are included with “Other liabilities” in the consolidated statements of financial position.
Pension and postretirement benefit obligations and costs for our frozen benefit plans are estimated using assumptions including demographic factors such as retirement age and mortality.
American National uses a discount rate to determine the present value of future benefits on the measurement date. The guideline for setting this rate is a high-quality long-term corporate bond rate. For this purpose, a hypothetical bond portfolio to match the expected monthly benefit payments under the pension plan was constructed with the resulting yield of the portfolio used as a discount rate. To determine the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, a building-block method is used. The expected rate of return on each asset is broken down into inflation, the real risk-free rate of return (i.e., the long-term estimate of future returns on default-free U.S. government securities), and the risk premium for each asset class (i.e., the expected return in excess of the risk-free rate). Using this approach, the calculated return will fluctuate from year to year; however, it is American National’s policy to hold this long-term assumption relatively constant.
Stock-based compensation
Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) liability and compensation cost is based on the fair value of the grants and is remeasured each reporting period through the settlement date. The fair value of the SAR’s is calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The key assumptions used in the model include: the grant date and remeasurement date stock prices, expected life of the SARs and the risk-free rate of return. The compensation liability related to the SAR award is included in “Other liabilities” in the consolidated statements of financial position.
Restricted Stock (“RS”) equity and compensation cost is based on the fair value of the underlying stock at grant date. The compensation cost accrued is included in “Additional paid-in capital” in the consolidated statements of financial position.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) may be settled in cash, resulting in classifying RSUs as a liability award. The liability is remeasured each reporting period through the vesting date and is adjusted for changes in fair value. The compensation liability related to the RSUs is included in “Other Liabilities” in the consolidated statements of financial position.
Litigation contingencies
Existing and potential litigation is reviewed quarterly to determine if any adjustments to liabilities for possible losses are necessary. Reserves for losses are established whenever they are probable and reasonably estimable. If no one estimate within the range of possible losses is more probable than any other, a reserve is recorded based on the lowest amount of the range.
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Note 3 – Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," that superseded most existing revenue recognition requirements in GAAP. Insurance contracts generally are excluded from the scope of the guidance. For those contracts which are impacted, the transaction price is attributed to the underlying performance obligations in the contract and revenue is recognized as the entity satisfies the performance obligations and transfers control of a good or service to the customer. The Company’s revenues include premiums, other policy revenues, net investment income, realized investment gains, net gains and losses on equity securities, and other income. Other income includes fee income which is recognized when obligations under the terms specified within a contract with a customer are either (1) satisfied at a point in time or (2) based upon the progress of completion measured over a period of time as the obligation is performed using the input method. The Company adopted the standard on its required effective date of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The majority of our revenue sources are insurance related and not in the scope of the guidance. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, equity or cash flows as of the adoption date or for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ("ASU") 2016-01, "Financial Instruments," which changed certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The new guidance requires that equity investments, other than those accounted for under the equity method or those that result in consolidation of the investee, be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized through earnings. When the fair value option has been elected for financial liabilities, changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk will be recognized separately in other comprehensive income. The guidance also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments and eliminates the disclosure requirements for methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value of financial instruments that are measured at amortized cost on the statement of financial position. The Company adopted the standard on its required effective date of January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption, cumulative unrealized gains on equity securities, net of tax, of $667.7 million, partially offset by $30.4 million participating policyholders’ interest in such gains, net of tax, were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. In April 2018, an additional $10.2 million deferred policy acquisition cost adjustment, net of tax, related to net unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The change in net gains and losses on equity securities increased earnings by
$333.8 million, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2019 and decreased earnings by $84.7 million, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In October of 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory,” which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Prior guidance prohibited the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset was sold to an outside party. The Company adopted the standard on its required effective date of January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption, a liability was released and retained earnings increased by $59.9 million.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases,” that required significant changes to the statement of financial position of lessees. The new standard required lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification is used to determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months, regardless of their classification. Lessor accounting was less affected by the standard but was updated to align with certain changes in the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard. The Company adopted the standard on its required effective date of January 1, 2019 using the effective date method, which required a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $13.1 million.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard was adopted on its required effective date of January 1, 2019 and resulted in a $0.8 million increase in retained earnings and a corresponding decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income.
79
Note 3 – Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements — (Continued)
Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards— The FASB issued the following accounting guidance relevant to American National:
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which will significantly change how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets, reinsurance recoverables and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance will replace the current “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. For available-for-sale debt securities, entities will be required to record allowances rather than a direct write down of the investment, as required by the current other-than-temporary impairment model. The standard also requires additional disclosures. This standard will become effective for the Company for all annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2020. The Company is finalizing the calibration of the model used to determine the credit loss for the in-scope financial assets. The Company estimates that implementation of the guidance will have an impact between $30 million and $60 million, which will be reflected in our financial statements for the quarter ending March 31, 2020 as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings, net of tax.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, “Insurance: Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts,” that impacts financial reporting for insurance companies that issue long-duration contracts. The guidance will improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts and will modify the rate used to discount future cash flows. The guidance will also simplify the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts, simplify the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and add significant qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This standard will become effective for the Company for all annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2022. This standard will have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” guidance that modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. Certain disclosure requirements are removed, modified or added to improve the relevancy of the fair value measurement disclosures. The new standard will become effective for the Company for all interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have any material impact on the results of operations or financial position.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General: Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The guidance removes certain defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan disclosures that are no longer cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements for each disclosure and adds disclosure requirements. This standard will become effective for the annual period ending December 31, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have any material impact on our results of operations or financial position.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” which seeks to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Current GAAP does not specifically address the implementation costs of a cloud computing arrangement that is service contract. This standard will become effective for the Company for all interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2020. The standard is adopted prospectively and is not expected to be material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
80
The cost or amortized cost and fair value of investments in securities are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Cost or Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total bonds held-to-maturity | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total bonds available-for-sale | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total investments in fixed maturity securities | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Cost or Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ||||||||||||||||
Other debt securities | ||||||||||||||||
Total bonds held-to-maturity | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total bonds available-for-sale | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total investments in fixed maturity securities | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||
81
Note 4 – Investment in Securities—(Continued)
The amortized cost and fair value, by contractual maturity, of fixed maturity securities are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Bonds Held-to-Maturity | Bonds Available-for-Sale | |||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
Due in one year or less | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Due after one year through five years | ||||||||||||||||
Due after five years through ten years | ||||||||||||||||
Due after ten years | ||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Actual maturities differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, which are not due at a single maturity, have been allocated to their respective categories based on the year of final contractual maturity.
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities, with the related gross realized gains and losses, are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Gross realized gains | ||||||||||||
Gross realized losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Gains and losses are determined using specific identification of the securities sold. During 2019 and 2018, bonds below with a carrying value of $157,939,000 and $34,850,000 , respectively, were transferred from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale after a deterioration in the issuers’ creditworthiness. Further, during 2018, a bond with a carrying value of $38,221,000 was transferred from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale due to an isolated event that could not have been reasonably anticipated by the Company. No realized losses were recorded in 2019 or 2018.
In accordance with various regulations, American National has bonds on deposit with regulating authorities with a carrying value of $48,017,000 and $48,068,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In addition, American National has pledged bonds in connection with agreements and transactions, such as financing and reinsurance agreements. The carrying value of bonds pledged was $162,233,000 and $168,118,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The components of the change in net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Bonds available-for-sale: change in unrealized gains (losses) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
Adjustments for | ||||||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Participating policyholders’ interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Deferred federal income tax benefit (expense) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities, net of tax | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
The components of the change in net gains (losses) on equity securities are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||
Net gains on equity securities sold | |||||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||
82
Note 4 – Investment in Securities—(Continued)
The gross unrealized losses and fair value of the investment securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total bonds held-to-maturity | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Collaterized debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total bonds available-for-sale | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | Unrealized (Losses) | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total bonds held-to-maturity | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total bonds available-for-sale | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2019, the securities with unrealized losses including those exceeding one year were not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. American National has the ability and intent to hold those securities until a market price recovery or maturity. It is not more-likely-than-not that American National will be required to sell them prior to recovery, and recovery is expected in a reasonable period of time. It is possible an issuer’s financial circumstances may be different in the future, which may lead to a different impairment conclusion in future periods.
83
Note 4 – Investment in Securities—(Continued)
The following table identifies the total bonds distributed by credit quality rating (in thousands, except percentages):
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | % of Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | % of Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||
AAA | $ | $ | % | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||
AA | ||||||||||||||||||||||
A | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BBB | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BB and below | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | % | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||
Equity securities by market sector distribution are shown below:
December 31, | ||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||
Consumer goods | % | % | ||||
Energy and utilities | ||||||
Finance | ||||||
Healthcare | ||||||
Industrials | ||||||
Information technology | ||||||
Other | ||||||
Total | % | % | ||||
Note 5 – Mortgage Loans
Generally, commercial mortgage loans are secured by first liens on income-producing real estate. American National attempts to maintain a diversified portfolio by considering the location of the underlying collateral. The distribution based on carrying amount of mortgage loans by location is as follows:
December 31, | ||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||
East North Central | % | % | ||||
East South Central | ||||||
Mountain | ||||||
Pacific | ||||||
South Atlantic | ||||||
West South Central | ||||||
Other | ||||||
Total | % | % | ||||
During 2019, American National foreclosed on two loans with a total recorded investment of $16,008,000 , and two loans with a recorded investment of $13,345,000 were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018, American National foreclosed on four loans with a total recorded investment of $22,608,000 , and one loan with a total recorded investment of $7,363,000 was in the process of foreclosure. American National did not sell any loans during 2019 or 2018.
84
Note 5 – Mortgage Loans – (Continued)
The age analysis of past due loans is shown below (in thousands):
30-59 Days | 60-89 Days | More Than | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | Past Due | Past Due | 90 Days | Total | Current | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||||||||||
Hotel | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total, net of allowance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total, net of allowance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
There were no unamortized purchase discounts as of December 31, 2019 or 2018. Total mortgage loans were net of unamortized origination fees of $29,294,000 and $31,586,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No unearned income is included in these amounts.
Allowance for Credit Losses
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Mortgage loans with temporary difficulties are not considered impaired when the borrower has the financial capacity to fund revenue shortfalls from the properties for the foreseeable future. Individual valuation allowances are established for impaired loans to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value of the collateral. Loans not evaluated individually for collectability are segregated by property-type and location, and allowance factors are applied. These factors are developed based on historical loss experience adjusted for the expected trend in the rate of foreclosure losses. Allowance factors are higher for loans of certain property types and in certain regions based on loss experience or a blended historical loss factor.
The change in allowance for credit losses in mortgage loans is shown below (in thousands, except number of loans):
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment | Individually Impaired | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | Valuation Allowance | Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | Valuation Allowance | Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | Valuation Allowance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in allowance | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in recorded investment | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in allowance | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in recorded investment | ( | ) | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
85
Note 5 – Mortgage Loans – (Continued)
Troubled Debt Restructurings
American National has granted concessions which are classified as troubled debt restructurings to certain mortgage loan borrowers. Concessions are generally one of, or a combination of, a delay in payment of principal or interest, a reduction of the contractual interest rate or an extension of the maturity date. American National considers the amount, timing and extent of concessions in determining any impairment or changes in the specific allowance for loan losses recorded in connection with a troubled debt restructuring. The carrying value after specific allowance, before and after modification in a troubled debt restructuring, may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment.
Troubled debt restructuring mortgage loan information is as follows (in thousands, except number of loans):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Recorded Investment Pre-Modification | Recorded Investment Post Modification | Number of Loans | Recorded Investment Pre-Modification | Recorded Investment Post Modification | |||||||||||||||||
Office | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Retail | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (hotel/motel) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
There were three loans determined to be a troubled debt restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2019. There are no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the periods presented.
Note 6 – Real Estate and Other Investments
Investment real estate by property-type and geographic distribution are as follows:
December 31, | ||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||
Industrial | % | % | ||||
Office | ||||||
Retail | ||||||
Other | ||||||
Total | % | % | ||||
December 31, | ||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||
East North Central | % | % | ||||
East South Central | ||||||
Mountain | ||||||
Pacific | ||||||
South Atlantic | ||||||
West South Central | ||||||
Other | ||||||
Total | % | % | ||||
86
Note 6 – Real Estate and Other Investments – (Continued)
American National regularly invests in real estate partnerships and joint ventures. American National frequently participates in the design of these entities with the sponsor, but in most cases, its involvement is limited to financing. Through analysis performed by American National, some of these partnerships and joint ventures have been determined to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”). In certain instances, in addition to an economic interest in the entity, American National holds the power to direct the most significant activities of the entity and is deemed the primary beneficiary or consolidator of the entity. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are restricted and must first be used to settle their liabilities. Creditors or beneficial interest holders of these VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of American National, as American National’s obligation is limited to the amount of its committed investment. American National has not provided financial or other support to the VIEs in the form of liquidity arrangements, guarantees, or other commitments to third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of its variable interest in the VIEs in 2019 or 2018.
The assets and liabilities relating to the VIEs included in the consolidated financial statements are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Investment real estate | $ | $ | ||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
Other receivables | ||||||||
Other assets | ||||||||
Total assets of consolidated VIEs | $ | $ | ||||||
Notes payable | $ | $ | ||||||
Other liabilities | ||||||||
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs | $ | $ | ||||||
The notes payable in the consolidated statements of financial position pertain to the borrowings of the consolidated VIEs. The liability of American National relating to notes payable of the consolidated VIEs is limited to the amount of its direct or indirect investment in the respective ventures, which totaled $4,304,000 and $26,635,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The total long-term notes payable of the consolidated VIE’s consists of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||
Interest rate | Maturity | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||
LIBOR | 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||
4.18% fixed | 2024 | |||||||||
4% fixed | 2022 | |||||||||
Total | $ | $ | ||||||||
87
Note 6 – Real Estate and Other Investments – (Continued)
For other VIEs in which American National is a partner, it is not the primary beneficiary, and these entities are not consolidated, as the major decisions that most significantly impact the economic activities of the VIE require consent of all partners. The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss relating to unconsolidated VIEs follows (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying Amount | Maximum Exposure to Loss | Carrying Amount | Maximum Exposure to Loss | |||||||||||||
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | ||||||||||||||||
Accrued investment income | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2019, one real estate investment with a carrying value of $3,364,000 met the criteria as held-for-sale.
The Company’s equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates is the Company’s share of operating earnings and realized gains from investments in real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests (“joint ventures”) using the equity method of accounting. In 2019 and 2018 certain joint ventures took advantage of market opportunities to generate realized gains on the sale of real estate held or developed by the ventures.
The Company’s income from and investment in each joint venture did not exceed 20 % and therefore no separate financial disclosure is required. The Company’s income from, assets held, and investment in each joint venture did not exceed 10 % of operating income before tax. Additionally, the Company’s investment in joint ventures is less than 3 % of the Company’s total assets, and investments in individual joint ventures is not considered to be material to the Company in relation to its financial position or ongoing results of operations. Therefore, summarized financial information of equity method investees has not been included.
The Company’s total investment in and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, of which substantially all are LLCs or limited partnerships, were comprised of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Real estate | $ | $ | ||||||
Equity and fixed income | ||||||||
Other | ||||||||
Total investments in unconsolidated affiliates | $ | $ | ||||||
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Income from operations | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Net gain on sales | ||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
88
American National purchases over-the-counter equity-indexed options as economic hedges against fluctuations in the equity markets to which equity-indexed products are exposed. These options are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes under U.S. GAAP. Equity-indexed contracts include a fixed host universal-life insurance or annuity contract and an equity-indexed embedded derivative. The detail of derivative instruments is shown below (in thousands, except number of instruments):
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Instruments | Notional Amounts | Estimated Fair Value | Number of Instruments | Notional Amounts | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity-indexed options | Other invested assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity-indexed embedded derivative | Policyholders’ account balances | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivatives | ||||||||||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location in the Consolidated Statements of Operations | Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Equity-indexed options | Net investment income | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
Equity-indexed embedded derivative | Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||
The Company’s use of derivative instruments exposes it to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties. The Company has a policy of only dealing with counterparties it believes are creditworthy and obtaining sufficient collateral where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the financial loss from defaults. The Company holds collateral in cash and notes secured by U.S. government backed assets. The non-performance risk is the net counterparty exposure based on the fair value of the open contracts, less the fair value of collateral held. The Company maintains master netting agreements with its current active trading partners. As such, a right of offset has been applied to collateral that supports credit risk and has been recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position as an offset to “Other invested assets” with an associated payable to “Other liabilities” for excess collateral.
Information regarding the Company’s exposure to credit loss on the options it holds is presented below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Counterparty | Moody/S&P Rating | Options Fair Value | Collateral Held in Cash | Collateral Held in Invested Assets | Total Collateral Held | Collateral Amounts used to Offset Exposure | Excess Collateral | Exposure Net of Collateral | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Barclays | Baa3/BBB | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Suisse | Baa2/BBB+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goldman-Sachs | A3/BBB+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ING | Baa1/A- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley | A3/BBB+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NATIXIS* | A1/A+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SunTrust | A3/A- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wells Fargo | A2/A- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Counterparty | Moody/S&P Rating | Options Fair Value | Collateral Held in Cash | Collateral Held in Invested Assets | Total Collateral Held | Collateral Amounts used to Offset Exposure | Excess Collateral | Exposure Net of Collateral | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Barclays | Baa3/BBB | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Goldman-Sachs | A3/BBB+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ING | Baa1/A- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley | A3/BBB+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NATIXIS* | A1/A+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SunTrust | Baa1/BBB+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wells Fargo | A2/A- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
* | Includes collateral restrictions |
89
Net investment income is shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Bonds | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | ||||||||||||
Real estate | ||||||||||||
Equity indexed options | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other invested assets | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Net realized investment gains (losses) are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Bonds | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Equity securities* | ||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Real estate | ||||||||||||
Other invested assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Other-than-temporary impairment losses are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Bonds | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
Equity securities* | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
* |
90
The carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
Financial assets | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-indexed options | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | ||||||||||||||||
Policy loans | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||
Separate account assets ($1,049,938 and $905,824 included in fair value hierarchy) | ||||||||||||||||
Separately managed accounts | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
Investment contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Embedded derivative liability for equity-indexed contracts | ||||||||||||||||
Notes payable | ||||||||||||||||
Separate account liabilities ($1,049,938 and $905,824 included in fair value hierarchy) | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. A fair value hierarchy is used to determine fair value based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date from the perspective of a market participant. American National has evaluated the types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. The classification of assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. The input levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. | |
Level 2 | Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other than quoted prices in Level 1; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. | |
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect American National’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models and third-party evaluation, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. | |
91
Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments—(Continued)
Valuation Techniques for Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value
Fixed Maturity Securities and Equity Options—American National utilizes SS&C Technologies, Inc. pricing service to estimate fair value measurements. The estimates of fair value for most fixed maturity securities, including municipal bonds, provided by the pricing service are disclosed as Level 2 measurements as the estimates are based on observable market information rather than market quotes. The pricing service utilizes market quotations for fixed maturity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. Since fixed maturity securities generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing service prepares estimates of fair value measurements for these securities using its proprietary pricing applications, which include available relevant market information, benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. Additionally, an option adjusted spread model is used to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios.
The pricing service evaluates each asset class based on relevant market information, credit information, perceived market movements and sector news. The market inputs utilized in the pricing evaluation, listed in the approximate order of priority, include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, and economic events. The extent of the use of each market input depends on the asset class and the market conditions. Depending on the security, the priority of the use of inputs may change or some market inputs may not be relevant. For some securities, additional inputs may be necessary.
American National has reviewed the inputs and methodology used and the techniques applied by the pricing service to produce quotes that represent the fair value of a specific security. The review confirms that the pricing service is utilizing information from observable transactions or a technique that represents a market participant’s assumptions. American National does not adjust quotes received from the pricing service. The pricing service utilized by American National has indicated that they will only produce an estimate of fair value if there is objectively verifiable information available.
American National holds a small amount of private placement debt and fixed maturity securities that have characteristics that make them unsuitable for matrix pricing. For these securities, a quote from an independent broker (typically a market maker) is obtained. Due to the disclaimers on the quotes that indicate the price is indicative only, American National includes these fair value estimates in Level 3.
For securities priced using a quote from an independent broker, such as the equity-indexed options and certain fixed maturity securities, American National uses a market-based fair value analysis to validate the reasonableness of prices received. Price variances above a certain threshold are analyzed further to determine if any pricing issue exists. This analysis is performed quarterly.
Equity Securities—For publicly-traded equity securities, prices are received from a nationally recognized pricing service that are based on observable market transactions, and these securities are classified as Level 1 measurements. For certain preferred stock, current market quotes in active markets are unavailable. In these instances, an estimated fair value is received from the pricing service. The service utilizes similar methodologies to price preferred stocks as it does for fixed maturity securities. If applicable, these estimates would be disclosed as Level 2 measurements. American National tests the accuracy of the information provided by reference to other services annually.
Short-term investments—Short-term investments are primarily commercial paper rated A2 or P2 or better by Standard & Poor's and Moody's, respectively. Commercial paper is carried at amortized cost which approximates fair value. These investments are classified as Level 2 measurements.
Separate account assets and liabilities—Separate account assets and liabilities are funds that are held separate from the general assets and liabilities of American National and that represent the investments of variable insurance product contract holders, who bear the investment risk of such funds. Investment income and investment gains and losses from these separate funds accrue to the benefit of the contract holders. Separate accounts are established in conformity with insurance laws and are not chargeable with liabilities that arise from any other business of American National. American National reports separately, as assets and liabilities, investments held in separate accounts and liabilities of the separate accounts if (i) such separate accounts are legally recognized; (ii) assets supporting the contract liabilities are legally insulated from American National’s general account liabilities; (iii) investments are directed by the contract holder; and (iv) all investment performance, net of contract fees and assessments, is passed through to the contract holder. The assets of these accounts are carried at fair value. Deposits, net investment income and realized investment gains and losses for these accounts are excluded from revenues, and related liability increases are excluded from benefits and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
92
Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments—(Continued)
The separate account assets included on the quantitative disclosures fair value hierarchy table is comprised of short-term investments, equity securities, and fixed maturity available-for-sale bonds. Equity securities are classified as Level 1 measurements. Short-term investments and fixed maturity securities are classified as Level 2 measurements. These classifications for separate account assets reflect the same fair value level methodologies as listed above as they are derived from the same vendors and follow the same process.
The separate account assets also include cash and cash equivalents, investments in unconsolidated affiliates, accrued investment income, and receivables for securities. These are not financial instruments and are not included in the quantitative disclosures of fair value hierarchy table.
Embedded Derivative—The amounts reported within policyholder contract deposits include equity linked interest crediting rates based on the S&P 500 index within indexed annuities and indexed life. The following unobservable inputs are used for measuring the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the policyholder contract liabilities:
• | Lapse rate assumptions are determined by company experience. Lapse rates are generally assumed to be lower during a contract’s surrender charge period and then higher once the surrender charge period has ended. Decreases to the assumed lapse rates generally increase the fair value of the liability as more policyholders persist to collect the crediting interest pertaining to the indexed product. Increases to the lapse rate assumption will have the inverse effect of decreasing the fair value. |
• | Mortality rate assumptions vary by age and gender based on company and industry experience. Decreases to the assumed mortality rates increase the fair value of the liabilities as more policyholders earn crediting interest. Increases to the assumed mortality rates decrease the fair value as higher decrements reduce the potential for future interest credits. |
• | Equity volatility assumptions begin with current market volatilities and grow to long-term values. Increases to the assumed volatility will increase the fair value of liabilities, as future projections will produce higher increases in the linked index. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the one-year implied volatility used to estimate embedded derivative value was |
Fair values of indexed life and annuity liabilities are calculated using the discounted cash flow technique. Shown below are the significant unobservable inputs used to calculate the Level 3 fair value of the embedded derivatives within policyholder contract deposits (in millions, except range percentages):
Fair Value | Range | |||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | Unobservable Input | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||
Indexed Annuities | $ | $ | Lapse Rate | 1-70% | 1-70% | |||||||||
Mortality Multiplier | 90-100% | 90-100% | ||||||||||||
Equity Volatility | 11-46% | 19-26% | ||||||||||||
Indexed Life | Equity Volatility | 11-46% | 19-26% | |||||||||||
93
Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments—(Continued)
Quantitative Disclosures
The fair value hierarchy measurements of the financial instruments are shown below (in thousands):
Assets and Liabilities Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level at December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Total Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
Financial assets | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ||||||||||||||||
Total bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
Common stock | ||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock | ||||||||||||||||
Total equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
Options | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||
Separate account assets | ||||||||||||||||
Separately managed accounts | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
Embedded derivative for equity-indexed contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Separate account liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Assets and Liabilities Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level at December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Total Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
Financial assets | ||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ||||||||||||||||
Total bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
Common stock | ||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock | ||||||||||||||||
Total equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
Options | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||
Separate account assets | ||||||||||||||||
Separately managed accounts | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
Embedded derivative for equity-indexed contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Separate account liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
94
Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments—(Continued)
For financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the period, a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances is shown below (in thousands):
Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Assets | Liability | |||||||||||||||
Investment Securities | Equity-Indexed Options | Separately Managed Accounts | Embedded Derivative | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Total realized and unrealized investment losses included in other comprehensive income | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net gain for derivatives included in net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
Net change included in interest credited | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases, sales and settlements or maturities | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases | ||||||||||||||||
Sales | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Settlements or maturities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Premiums less benefits | ||||||||||||||||
Carry value transfers in | ||||||||||||||||
Gross transfers into Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross transfers out of Level 3 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Net loss for derivatives included in net investment income | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net change included in interest credited | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Purchases, sales and settlements or maturities | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases | ||||||||||||||||
Sales | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Settlements or maturities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Premiums less benefits | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Net gain for derivatives included in net investment income | ||||||||||||||||
Net change included in interest credited | ||||||||||||||||
Net fair value change included in other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases, sales and settlements or maturities | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases | ||||||||||||||||
Sales | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Settlements or maturities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Premiums less benefits | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Gross transfers out of Level 3 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Within the net gain (loss) for derivatives included in net investment income were unrealized gains of $113,282,000 , unrealized losses of $94,883,000 , and unrealized gains of $50,805,000 relating to assets still held at December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
95
Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments—(Continued)
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value hierarchies during the periods presented. The transfers into Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2017 were the result of existing securities no longer being priced by the third-party pricing service at the end of the period. Unless information is obtained from the brokers that indicates observable inputs were used in their pricing, there are not enough observable inputs to enable American National to classify the securities priced by the brokers as other than Level 3. American National’s valuation of these securities involves judgment regarding assumptions market participants would use including quotes from independent brokers. The inputs used by the brokers include recent transactions in the security, similar bonds with same name, ratings, maturity and structure, external dealer quotes in the security, Bloomberg evaluated pricing and prior months pricing. None of them are observable to American National as of December 31, 2019. The transfers out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2017, were the result of securities being priced by the third-party service at the end of the period, using inputs that are observable or derived from market data, which resulted in classification of these assets as Level 2.
Fair Value Information About Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value
Information about fair value estimates for financial instruments not measured at fair values is discussed below:
Fixed Maturity Securities—The fair value of held-to-maturity securities is determined consistent with the disclosure under Valuation Techniques for the Financial Instrument Recorded at Fair Value section.
Mortgage Loans—The fair value of mortgage loans is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses on a loan by loan basis by applying a discount rate to expected cash flows from future installment and balloon payments. The discount rate takes into account general market trends and specific credit risk trends for the individual loan. Factors used to arrive at the discount rate include inputs from spreads based on U.S. Treasury notes and the loan’s credit quality, region, property type, lien priority, payment type and current status.
Policy loans—The carrying value of policy loans is the outstanding balance plus any accrued interest. Due to the collateralized nature of policy loans such that they cannot be separated from the policy contracts, the unpredictable timing of repayments and the fact that settlement is at outstanding value, American National believes the carrying value of policy loans approximates fair value.
Separately managed accounts—The amounts reported in separately managed accounts consist primarily of notes and private equity. These investments are private placements and do not have a readily determinable fair value. The carrying value of the separately managed accounts is cost or market value if available from the separately managed account manager. Market value is provided by the separately managed account manager in subsequent quarters. American National believes that cost approximates fair value at initial recognition during the quarter of investment.
Investment contracts—The carrying value of investment contracts is equivalent to the accrued account balance. The accrued account balance consists of deposits, net of withdrawals, plus or minus interest credited, fees and charges assessed and other adjustments. American National believes that the carrying value of investment contracts approximates fair value because the majority of these contracts’ interest rates reset at anniversary.
Notes payable—Notes payable are carried at outstanding principal balance. The carrying value of the notes payable approximates fair value because the underlying interest rates approximate market rates at the balance sheet date.
96
Note 9 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments—(Continued)
The carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | |||||||||
FV Hierarchy Level | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | |||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | Level 2 | $ | $ | ||||||
Foreign governments | Level 2 | ||||||||
Corporate debt securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Total fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | |||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | Level 3 | ||||||||
Policy loans | Level 3 | ||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | $ | |||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||
Investment contracts | Level 3 | $ | $ | ||||||
Notes payable | Level 3 | ||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||
December 31, 2018 | |||||||||
FV Hierarchy Level | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||
Fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | |||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | Level 2 | $ | $ | ||||||
Foreign governments | Level 2 | ||||||||
Corporate debt securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Other debt securities | Level 2 | ||||||||
Total fixed maturity securities, bonds held-to-maturity | |||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | Level 3 | ||||||||
Policy loans | Level 3 | ||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | $ | |||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||
Investment contracts | Level 3 | $ | $ | ||||||
Notes payable | Level 3 | ||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||
97
Note 10 – Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred policy acquisition costs are shown below (in thousands):
Life | Annuity | Health | Property & Casualty | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Additions | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Effect of change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net change | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Additions | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Effect of change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale debt securities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net change | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Additions | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Effect of change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale debt securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net change | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Commissions comprise the majority of the additions to deferred policy acquisition costs.
98
American National estimates liabilities for amounts payable under insurance and annuity policies. Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time and related liabilities are calculated as the present value of expected benefit payments reduced by the present value of expected premiums. Such liabilities are established on a block of business based on methods and underlying assumptions in accordance with GAAP and applicable actuarial standards. Principal assumptions used in the establishment of liabilities for future policy benefits are mortality, morbidity, policy lapse, renewal, retirement, disability incidence, disability termination, investment return, inflation, expenses, and other contingent events as appropriate to the respective product type.
Future policy benefits for non-participating traditional life insurance are equal to the aggregate of the present value of expected benefit payments and related expenses less the present value of expected net premiums. Assumptions as to mortality and persistency are based upon American National’s experience when the basis of the liability is established. Interest rates for the aggregate future policy benefit liabilities range from 3.0 % to 8.0 %.
Future policy benefit liabilities for participating traditional life insurance are equal to the aggregate of (i) net level premium reserves for death and endowment policy benefits (calculated based upon the non-forfeiture interest rate, ranging from 2.5 % to 5.5 %) and mortality rates guaranteed in calculating the cash surrender values described in such contracts; and (ii) the liability for terminal dividends.
Future policy benefit liabilities for individual fixed deferred annuities after annuitization and single premium immediate annuities are equal to the present value of expected future payments. The interest rate used in establishing such liabilities range from 3.0 % to 6.0 % for all policies in-force.
Future policy benefit liabilities for non-medical health insurance are calculated using the net level premium method and assumptions as to future morbidity, withdrawals and interest, which provide a margin for adverse deviation. The interest rate used in establishing such liabilities range from 3.5 % to 8.0 %.
Future policy benefit liabilities for disabled lives are estimated using the present value of benefits method and experience assumptions as to claim terminations, expenses and interest. The interest rate used in establishing such liabilities range from 3.0 % to 6.0 %.
Liabilities for universal life secondary guarantees and paid-up guarantees are determined by estimating the expected value of death benefits payable when the account balance is projected to be zero and recognizing those benefits ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments. American National regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the additional liability balances with a related charge or credit to benefit expense, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised. The assumptions used in estimating the secondary and paid-up guarantee liabilities are consistent with those used for amortizing DAC, and are thus subject to the same variability and risk. The assumptions of investment performance and volatility for variable products are consistent with historical Standard & Poor’s experience. The benefits used in calculating the liabilities are based on the average benefits payable over a range of scenarios.
American National periodically reviews its estimates of actuarial liabilities for future policy benefits and compares them with its actual experience. Differences between actual experience and the assumptions used in pricing these policies, guarantees and riders and in the establishment of the related liabilities result in variances in profit and could result in losses. The effects of changes in such estimated liabilities are included in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the changes occur.
Policyholder account balances relate to investment-type contracts and universal life-type policies. Investment-type contracts principally include traditional individual fixed annuities in the accumulation phase and non-variable group annuity contracts. Policyholder account balances are equal to (i) policy account values, which consist of an accumulation of gross premium payments; (ii) credited interest, ranging from 1.0 % to 8.0 % (some annuities have enhanced first year crediting rates ranging from 1.0 % to 7.0 %), less expenses, mortality charges, and withdrawals; and (iii) fair value adjustment.
99
The liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses (“claims”) for health and property and casualty insurance is included in “Policy and contract claims” in the consolidated statements of financial position and is the amount estimated for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims and claims that have been reported but not settled. The liability for unpaid claims is estimated based upon American National’s historical experience and actuarial assumptions that consider the effects of current developments, anticipated trends and risk management programs, less anticipated salvage and subrogation. The effects of the changes are included in the consolidated results of operations in the period in which the changes occur. The time value of money is not taken into account for the purposes of calculating the liability for unpaid claims. There have been no significant changes in methodologies or assumptions used to calculate the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses.
Information regarding the liability for unpaid claims is shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Unpaid claims balance, beginning | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Less reinsurance recoverables | ||||||||||||
Net beginning balance | ||||||||||||
Incurred related to | ||||||||||||
Current | ||||||||||||
Prior years | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Total incurred claims | ||||||||||||
Paid claims related to | ||||||||||||
Current | ||||||||||||
Prior years | ||||||||||||
Total paid claims | ||||||||||||
Net balance | ||||||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverables | ||||||||||||
Unpaid claims balance, ending | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
For short-duration health insurance claims, the total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims included in the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses at December 31, 2019 was $21,379,000 .
100
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for claims and claim adjustment expenses in the consolidated statement of financial position is as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | |||
Net outstanding liabilities | |||
Auto Liability | $ | ||
Non-Auto Liability | |||
Commercial Multi-Peril | |||
Homeowners | |||
Short Tail Property | |||
Credit Property and Casualty | |||
Credit Life | |||
Health | |||
Credit Health | |||
Other | |||
Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | |||
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims | |||
Auto Liability | |||
Non-Auto Liability | |||
Commercial Multi-Peril | |||
Homeowners | |||
Short Tail Property | |||
Credit Property and Casualty | |||
Credit Life | |||
Health | |||
Credit Health | |||
Other | |||
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims | |||
Insurance lines other than short-duration | |||
Unallocated claim adjustment expenses | |||
Total gross liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expense | $ | ||
Property and Casualty Reserving Methodology—The following methods are utilized:
• | Initial Expected Loss Ratio—This method calculates an estimate of ultimate losses by applying an estimated loss ratio to actual earned premium for each calendar/accident year. |
• | Bornhuetter-Ferguson—This method uses an assumed initial expected loss ratio method as a starting point and blends in the loss ratio implied by the claims experience to date by using loss development patterns based on our historical experience. |
• | Loss or Expense Development (Chain Ladder)—This method uses actual loss or defense and cost containment expense data and the historical development profiles on older accident periods to project more recent, less developed periods to their ultimate total. |
• | Ratio of Paid Defense and Cost Containment Expense to Paid Loss Development—This method uses the ratio of paid defense and cost containment expense to paid loss data and the historical development profiles on older accident periods to project more recent, less developed periods to their ultimate total. In this method, an ultimate ratio of paid defense and cost containment expense to paid loss is selected for each accident period. The selected paid defense and cost containment expense to paid loss ratio is then applied to the selected ultimate loss for each accident period to estimate the ultimate defense and cost containment expense. Paid defense and cost containment expense is then subtracted from the ultimate defense and cost containment expense to calculate the unpaid defense and cost containment expense for that accident period. |
• | Calendar Year Paid Adjusting and Other Expense to Paid Loss—This method uses a selected prior calendar years’ paid expense to paid loss ratio to project ultimate loss adjustment expenses for adjusting and other expense. A percentage of the selected ratio is applied to the case reserves (depending on the line of insurance) and |
101
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
• | Pegged Frequency and Severity—Uses actual claims count data and emergence patterns of older accident periods to project the ultimate number of reported claims for a given accident year. A similar process projects the ultimate average severity per claim so that the product of the two projections results in a projection of ultimate loss for a given accident year. |
For most credit property and casualty products, IBNR liability is calculated as a percentage of pro rata unearned premium, with the specific percentage for a given product line determined by a completion factor method. For a large subset of GAP waiver and collateral protection insurance business, IBNR liability is the average monthly paid loss over the preceding 12 months.
The expected development on reported claims is the sum of a pay-to-current reserve and a future reserve. The pay-to-current reserve is calculated for each open claim having a monthly indemnity and contains the monies required to pay the open claim from the last payment date to the current valuation date. The future reserve is calculated by assigning to each open claim a fixed reserve amount based on the historical average severity. For debt cancellation products and involuntary unemployment insurance, this reserve is calculated using published valuation tables.
Cumulative claim frequency information is calculated on a per claim basis. Claims that do not result in a liability are not considered in the determination of unpaid liabilities.
For any given line of business, none of these methods are relied on exclusively. With minor exception, we will typically run all of these methods for most lines. While we may not ultimately utilize a given method for a given line, we will review as a check for reasonableness of our selected result.
The following contains information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2019, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of IBNR liabilities plus expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts. The information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2010 to 2018 is presented as supplementary information.
102
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Auto Liability—Consists of personal and commercial auto. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2010, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
103
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Non-Auto Liability—Consists of workers’ compensation and other liability occurrence. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2010, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
104
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Commercial Multi-Peril—Consists of business owners insurance and mortgage fire business. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2010, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
105
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Homeowners—Consists of homeowners and renters business. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2010* | 2011* | 2012* | 2013* | 2014* | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2010, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
106
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Short Tail Property—Consists of auto physical damage, fire, rental owners, standard fire policy, country estates, inland marine and watercraft. This line of business has substantially all claims settled and paid in less than two years. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||
2018 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
2019 | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
Accident Year | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||
2018 | $ | $ | ||||||
2019 | — | |||||||
Total | $ | |||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2018, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
Credit Property and Casualty—Consists of credit property insurance, vendor’s or lender’s single interest insurance, GAP insurance, GAP waiver, debt cancellation products, involuntary unemployment insurance and collateral protection insurance. This line of business has substantially all claims settled and paid in less than two years. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||
2018 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
2019 | — | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
Accident Year | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||
2018 | $ | $ | ||||||
2019 | — | |||||||
Total | $ | |||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2018, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
107
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Credit Life—For credit life products, IBNR is calculated as a percentage of life insurance in force. This line of business has substantially all claims settled and paid in less than two years. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||
2018 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
2019 | — | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
Accident Year | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||
2018 | $ | $ | ||||||
2019 | — | |||||||
Total | $ | |||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2018, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
108
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Health Reserving Methodology—The following methods are utilized:
• | Completion Factor Approach—This method assumes that the historical claim patterns will be an accurate representation of unpaid claim liabilities. An estimate of the unpaid claims is calculated by subtracting period-to-date paid claims from an estimate of the ultimate “complete” payment for all incurred claims in the period. Completion factors are calculated which “complete” the current period-to-date payment totals for each incurred month to estimate the ultimate expected payout. |
• | Tabular Claims Reserves—This method is used to calculate the reserves for disability income blocks of business. These reserves rely on published valuation continuance tables created using industry experience regarding assumptions of continued morbidity and subsequent recovery. Reserves are calculated by applying these continuance tables, along with appropriate company experience adjustments, to the stream of contractual benefit payments. These expected benefit payments are discounted at the required interest rate. |
• | Future Policy Benefits—Reserves are equal to the aggregate of the present value of expected future benefit payments, less the present value of expected future premiums. Morbidity and termination assumptions are based on our experience or published valuation tables when available and appropriate. |
• | Premium Deficiency Reserves—Deficiency reserves are established when the expected future claim payments and expenses for a classification of policies are in excess of the expected premiums for these policies. The determination of a deficiency reserve takes into consideration the likelihood of premium rate increases, the timing of these increases, and the expected benefit utilization patterns. We have established premium deficiency reserves for portions of the major medical business and the long-term care business that are in run-off. The assumptions and methods used to determine the deficiency reserves are reviewed periodically for reasonableness, and the reserve amount is monitored against emerging losses. |
There is no expected development on reported claims in the health blocks. Claim frequency is determined by totaling the number of unique claim numbers during the period as each unique claim number represents a claim event for an individual claimant.
Health—Consists of stop-loss and other supplemental health products. This line of business has substantially all claims settled and paid in less than five years. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
2015 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2015, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
109
Note 12 – Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses—(Continued)
Credit Health Reserving Methodology—The following methods are utilized:
Tabular Claims Reserves—These reserves rely on published valuation continuance tables. The insureds age at disablement, the duration of the claim and the remaining term of the policy are used to provide a factor which is applied to the remaining exposure to calculate the present value of future benefits for insureds on claim.
The claim liability consists of IBNR and Due/Unpaid. The IBNR utilizes an inventory type method based on historical patterns of claim payments incurred but not reported within the last six months of the valuation date.
The Due/Unpaid reserves are the amount needed to pay an open claim from the last date of payment to the reserve valuation date.
Credit Health—The claim liability consists of credit disability. This line of business has substantially all claims settled and paid in less than five years. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are shown below (in thousands):
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | As of December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | IBNR Plus Expected Development | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accident Year | 2015* | 2016* | 2017* | 2018* | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
2015 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
All outstanding liabilities before 2015, net of reinsurance* | ||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
* | Unaudited supplemental information |
The following table is supplementary information. A10-year average annual percentage payout of incurred claims is shown below:
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Auto Liability | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Auto Liability | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Multi-Peril | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Homeowners | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Short Tail Property | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Property and Casualty | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Life | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
110
Note 13 – Reinsurance
American National reinsures portions of certain life insurance policies to provide a greater diversification of risk and manage exposure on larger risks. For the issue ages zero to 75, the maximum amount that would be retained by one life insurance company (American National) would be $5.0 million individual life, $250,000 individual accidental death, $100,000 group life, and $125,000 credit life. If individual, group and credit insurance were all in force at the same time, the maximum risk on any one life aged zero to 75 could be $5.475 million. For the issue ages 76 to 80, the maximum amount that would be retained by one life insurance company (American National) would be $2.0 million individual life, $250,000 individual accidental death, $100,000 group life, and $125,000 credit life. If individual, group and credit insurance were all in force at the same time, the maximum risk on any one life aged 76 to 80 could be $2.475 million. For the issue ages 81 and over, the maximum amount that would be retained by one life insurance company (American National) would be $1.0 million individual life, $250,000 individual accidental death, $100,000 group life, and $125,000 credit life. If individual, group and credit insurance were all in force at the same time, the maximum risk on any one life aged 81 and over could be $1.475 million.
For the Property and Casualty segment, American National retains the first $1.0 million of loss per workers’ compensation risk and $1.5 million of loss per non-workers’ compensation risk. Reinsurance covers up to $6 million of property and liability losses per risk. Additional excess property per risk coverage is purchased to cover risks up to $20 million, and excess casualty clash coverage is purchased to cover losses up to $60 million. Excess casualty clash covers losses incurred as a result of one casualty event involving multiple policies, excess policy limits, and extra contractual obligations. Facultative reinsurance is purchased for individual risks attaching at $20 million, as needed. Corporate catastrophe coverage is in place for losses up to $500 million. American National retains the first $17.5 million of each catastrophe. Catastrophe aggregate reinsurance coverage is also purchased and is provided by two contracts. The first contract provides for $30 million of coverage after $90 million of aggregated catastrophe losses has been reached. The first $10 million of each catastrophe loss contributes to the $90 million aggregation of losses. The second aggregate contract is the Midyear Aggregate cover. It consists of a $35 million annual limit after satisfaction of $40 million annual aggregate deductible. Subject loss is $35 million excess of $5 million of each catastrophe. This cover was placed at 87.75 % on July 1, 2019.
American National remains primarily liable with respect to any reinsurance ceded and would bear the entire loss if the reinsurer does not meet their obligations under any reinsurance treaties. American National had amounts recoverable from reinsurers of $411,830,000 and $427,475,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. None of the amount outstanding at December 31, 2019 is the subject of litigation or is in dispute with the reinsurers involved. Management believes the unfavorable resolution of any dispute that may arise would not have a material impact on American National’s consolidated financial statements.
The amounts in the consolidated financial statements include the impact of reinsurance. Information regarding the effect of reinsurance is shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Direct premiums | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Reinsurance premiums assumed from other companies | ||||||||||||
Reinsurance premiums ceded to other companies | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net premiums | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Life insurance in-force and related reinsurance amounts are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Direct life insurance in-force | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Reinsurance risks assumed from other companies | ||||||||||||
Reinsurance risks ceded to other companies | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net life insurance in-force | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
111
A reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory federal tax rate is shown below (in thousands, except percentages):
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Amount | Rate | Amount | Rate | Amount | Rate | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense before tax on equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
Tax on equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total expected income tax expense at the statutory rate | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tax-exempt investment income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||
Deferred tax change | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||
Dividend exclusion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||
Miscellaneous tax credits, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||
Low income housing tax credit expense | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in valuation allowance | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tax accrual adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Return to provision | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Other items, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for federal income tax before interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Interest benefit | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | % | $ | % | $ | ( | ) | ( | )% | ||||||||||||
During 2018, American National recorded an income tax benefit of $20,301,000 related to the filing of its 2017 tax return. The tax benefit was primarily a result of tax deductions taken at the prior year federal tax rate of 35% as opposed to the new federal tax rate of 21% primarily due to a pension plan contribution, depreciation on fixed assets and changes in our estimated income from joint ventures.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”) was enacted. The Tax Reform included numerous changes to existing federal income tax laws, including a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. In addition, there were several changes that were specific to insurance companies, namely changes to the proration formula used to determine the amount of dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction, and changes to the calculation of tax reserves associated with policyholder liabilities. As a result of the Tax Reform, we recorded a provisional tax benefit of $206.4 million in our 2017 financial statements. This tax benefit was primarily due to the remeasurement of our existing deferred tax balances to the 21% corporate income tax rate. There were no adjustments to the provisional tax benefit we recorded in 2017.
112
Note 14 – Federal Income Taxes—(Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS | ||||||||
Invested assets, principally due to impairment losses | $ | $ | ||||||
Investment in real estate and other invested assets, principally due to investment valuation allowances | ||||||||
Policyholder funds, principally due to policy reserve discount | ||||||||
Policyholder funds, principally due to unearned premium reserve | ||||||||
Participating policyholders’ surplus | ||||||||
Pension | ||||||||
Commissions and other expenses | ||||||||
Other assets | ||||||||
Tax carryforwards | ||||||||
Gross deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | ||||||||
Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Gross deferred tax assets after valuation allowance | ||||||||
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES | ||||||||
Marketable securities, principally due to net unrealized gains | ||||||||
Investment in bonds, principally due to differences between GAAP and tax basis | ||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs, due to difference between GAAP and tax amortization methods | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, principally due to difference between GAAP and tax depreciation methods | ||||||||
Pension | ||||||||
Other liabilities | ||||||||
Gross deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
Total net deferred tax liability | $ | $ | ||||||
American National made income tax payments of $86,440,000 , $22,234,000 and $33,640,000 during 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
US GAAP requires us to evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. Considerable judgment is required in determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and if so, the amount of such valuation allowance. There were no material valuation allowances recorded during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more-likely-than-not that our remaining deferred tax assets will be realized and that no additional valuation allowance is necessary at this time.
As of December 31, 2019, American National had no material net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards.
113
The components of and changes in the accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), and the related tax effects, are shown below (in thousands):
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities | Defined Benefit Pension Plan Adjustments | Foreign Currency Adjustments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (net of tax benefit $18,789 and expense $5,005) | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period (net of tax expense $113,604) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized adjustment to DAC (net of tax benefit $729) | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized gains on investments attributable to participating policyholders’ interest (net of tax benefit $2,480) | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Actuarial loss arising during the period (net of tax benefit of $796) | — | ( | ) | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign currency adjustment (net of tax expense $198) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (net of tax benefit $561 and expense $1,532) | ( | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period (net of tax benefit $46,812) | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized adjustment to DAC (net of tax expense $10,903) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on investments attributable to participating policyholders’ interest (net of tax expense $2,343) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Actuarial gain arising during the period (net of tax expense of $4,402) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency adjustment (net of tax benefit $239) | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting (net of tax benefit $334,955) | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2018 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (net of tax benefit $213 and expense $1,491) | ( | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period (net of tax expense $70,808) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized adjustment to DAC (net of tax benefit $18,270) | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized gains on investments attributable to participating policyholders’ interest (net of tax benefit $3,372) | ( | ) | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Actuarial gain arising during the period (net of tax expense $2,629) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency adjustment (net of tax expense $104) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
114
American National has one class of common stock with a par value of $1.00 per share and 50,000,000 authorized shares. The amounts outstanding at the dates indicated are shown below:
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||
Common stock | |||||||||
Shares issued | |||||||||
Treasury shares | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||
Outstanding shares | |||||||||
Restricted shares | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||
Unrestricted outstanding shares | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation
American National has a stock-based compensation plan, which allows for grants of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights (“SAR”), Restricted Stock (“RS”) Awards, Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”), Performance Awards, Incentive Awards or any combination thereof. This plan is administered by the American National Board Compensation Committee. To date, only SAR, RS and RSU awards have been made. All awards are subject to review and approval by the Board Compensation Committee both at the time of setting applicable performance objectives and at payment of the awards. The number of shares available for grants under the plan cannot exceed 2,900,000 shares, and no more than 200,000 shares may be granted to any one individual in any calendar year. Grants were made to certain officers meeting established performance objectives, and grants are made to directors as compensation and to align their interests with those of other shareholders.
SAR, RS and RSU information for the periods indicated are shown below:
SAR | RS Shares | RS Units | |||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | Units | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Exercised | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
Expired | ( | ) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Exercised | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited | — | — | — | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
Expired | ( | ) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Exercised | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Forfeited | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Expired | ( | ) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
115
Note 16—Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests—(Continued)
SAR | RS Shares | RS Units | ||||||||||
Weighted-average contractual remaining life (in years) | ||||||||||||
Exercisable shares | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
Weighted-average exercise price | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Weighted-average exercise price exercisable shares | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
Compensation expense (credit) | ||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2018 | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2017 | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Fair value of liability award | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | $ | N/A | $ | |||||||||
December 31, 2018 | N/A | |||||||||||
The SARs give the holder the right to cash compensation based on the difference between the stock price on the grant date and the stock price on the exercise date. The SARs vest at a rate of 20 % per year for five years and expire five years after vesting.
RS awards entitle the participant to full dividend and voting rights. Each RS share awarded has the value of one share of restricted stock and vests 10 years from the grant date. Unvested shares are restricted as to disposition, and are subject to forfeiture under certain circumstances. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period. The restrictions on these awards lapse after 10 years and most of these awards feature a graded vesting schedule in the case of the retirement, death or disability of an award holder. Restricted stock awards for 350,334 shares have been granted at an exercise price of zero , of which 10,000 shares are unvested.
RSU awards to our directors and advisory directors vest after one-year or upon earlier death, disability or retirement from service after age 65. Upon vesting, RSU awards are settled in cash based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of vesting.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share were calculated using a weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share include RS and RSU award shares.
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||
Incremental shares from RS awards and RSUs | ||||||||||||
Total shares for diluted calculations | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National (in thousands)* | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Basic earnings per share* | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per share* | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
* | This includes the impact of the U. S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform") of a $206.4 million tax benefit, primarily due to the remeasurement of our existing deferred tax balances to the 21% corporate income tax rate. Excluding the impact of Tax Reform, the Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2017 would have been $287.3 million and net earnings per basic and diluted share would have been $10.68 and $10.65, respectively. |
116
Note 16—Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests—(Continued)
Statutory Capital and Surplus
Risk Based Capital (“RBC”) is a measure insurance regulators use to evaluate the capital adequacy of American National Insurance Company and its insurance subsidiaries. RBC is calculated using formulas applied to certain financial balances and activities that consider, among other things, investment risks related to the type and quality of investments, insurance risks associated with products and liabilities, interest rate risks and general business risks. Insurance companies that do not maintain capital and surplus at a level at least 200 % of the authorized control level RBC are required to take certain actions. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, American National Insurance Company’s statutory capital and surplus was $3,477,727,000 and $3,162,808,000 , respectively. American National Insurance Company and each of its insurance subsidiaries had statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2019 and 2018, substantially above 200 % of the authorized control level.
American National and its insurance subsidiaries prepare statutory-basis financial statements in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the state of domicile, which include certain components of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (“NAIC Codification”). NAIC Codification is intended to standardize regulatory accounting and reporting to state insurance departments. However, statutory accounting practices continue to be established by individual state laws and permitted practices. Modifications by the various state insurance departments may impact the statutory capital and surplus of American National Insurance Company and its insurance subsidiaries.
Statutory accounting differs from GAAP primarily by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing future policy benefit liabilities using different actuarial assumptions, and valuing securities on a different basis. In addition, certain assets are not admitted under statutory accounting principles and are charged directly to surplus.
One of American National’s insurance subsidiaries has been granted a permitted practice from the Missouri Department of Insurance to record as the valuation of its investment in a wholly-owned subsidiary that is the attorney-in-fact for a Texas domiciled insurer, the statutory capital and surplus of the Texas domiciled insurer. This permitted practice increases the statutory capital and surplus of both American National Insurance Company and the Missouri domiciled insurance subsidiary by $70,339,000 and $69,787,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The statutory capital and surplus of both American National Insurance Company and the Missouri domiciled insurance subsidiary would have remained substantially above the Company action level RBC had it not used the permitted practice.
The statutory capital and surplus and net income of our life and property and casualty insurance entities in accordance with statutory accounting practices are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Statutory capital and surplus | ||||||||
Life insurance entities | $ | $ | ||||||
Property and casualty insurance entities | ||||||||
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Statutory net income | ||||||||||||
Life insurance entities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Property and casualty insurance entities | ||||||||||||
Dividends
We paid a dividend of $0.82 per share each quarter of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We expect to continue to pay regular cash dividends, although there is no assurance as to future dividends because they depend on future earnings, capital requirements and financial conditions.
117
Note 16—Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests—(Continued)
Noncontrolling interests
American National County Mutual Insurance Company (“County Mutual”) is a mutual insurance company owned by its policyholders. American National has a management agreement that effectively gives it control of County Mutual. As a result, County Mutual is included in the consolidated financial statements of American National. Policyholder interests in the financial position of County Mutual are reflected as noncontrolling interest of $6,750,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
American National Insurance Company and its subsidiaries exercise control or ownership of various joint ventures, resulting in their consolidation into American National’s consolidated financial statements. The interests of the other partners in the consolidated joint ventures are shown as a noncontrolling deficit of $736,000 and noncontrolling equity of $7,517,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Note 17 – Segment Information
Management organizes the business into five operating segments:
• | Life—consists of whole, term, universal, indexed and variable life insurance. Products are primarily sold through career, multiple-line, and independent agents as well as direct marketing channels. |
• | Annuity—consists of fixed, indexed, and variable annuity products. Products are primarily sold through independent agents, brokers, and financial institutions, along with multiple-line and career agents. |
• | Health—consists of Medicare Supplement, stop loss, other supplemental health products and credit disability insurance. Products are typically distributed through independent agents and managing general underwriters. |
• | Property and Casualty—consists of personal, agricultural and targeted commercial coverages and credit-related property insurance. Products are primarily sold through multiple-line and independent agents or managing general agents. |
• | Corporate and Other—consists of net investment income from investments and certain expenses not allocated to the insurance segments and revenues and related expenses from non-insurance operations. |
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. All revenues and expenses specifically attributable to policy transactions are recorded directly to the appropriate operating segment. Revenues and expenses not specifically attributable to policy transactions are allocated to each segment as follows:
• | Recurring income from bonds and mortgage loans is allocated based on the assets allocated to each line of business at the average yield available from these assets. |
• | Net investment income from all other assets is allocated to the insurance segments in accordance with the amount of capital allocated to each segment, with the remainder recorded in the Corporate and Other segment. |
• | Expenses are charged to segments through direct identification and allocations based upon various factors. |
The following summarizes total assets by operating segments (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Total Assets | ||||||||||||
Life | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Annuity | ||||||||||||
Health | ||||||||||||
Property and Casualty | ||||||||||||
Corporate and Other | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
118
Note 17 – Segment Information – (Continued)
The results of operations measured as the income before federal income taxes and other items by operating segments are summarized below (in thousands):
Year ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property | Corporate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Life | Annuity | Health | & Casualty | & Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Other policy revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains on equity securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Claims incurred | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders' account balances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before federal income tax and other items | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property | Corporate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Life | Annuity | Health | & Casualty | & Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Other policy revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net losses on equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Claims incurred | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders' account balances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before federal income tax and other items | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
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Note 17 – Segment Information – (Continued)
Year ended December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property | Corporate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Life | Annuity | Health | & Casualty | & Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Other policy revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Claims incurred | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders' account balances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commissions for acquiring and servicing policies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before federal income tax and other items | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits
Savings plans
American National sponsors a qualified defined contribution (401(k) plan) for all employees, and non-qualified defined contribution plans for certain employees whose otherwise eligible earnings exceed the statutory limits under the qualified plans. The total expense associated with these plans was $9,493,000 , $10,157,000 , and $13,466,000 for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Pension benefits
American National sponsors qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans, all of which have been frozen. As such, no additional benefits are accrued through these plans for additional years of service credit or future salary increase credit, and no new participants are added to the plans. Benefits earned by eligible employees prior to the plans being frozen have not been affected. In 2017, the Company commenced a one-time window offering to terminated, vested participants of our qualified defined benefit pension plans. The offer allowed participants to take a lump sum or annuity payout funded from pension plan assets. A $7.2 million pension expense was recognized in the second quarter of 2017 for this de-risking. There was an additional pension settlement expense of $5.3 million recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017. This was part of the normal year-end actuarial valuation process of the defined pension plans. Due to plan amendments to make this option available in 2017, higher lump sum payouts were recorded.
The qualified pension plans are noncontributory. The plans provide benefits for salaried and management employees and corporate clerical employees subject to a collective bargaining agreement based on years of service and employee compensation. The non-qualified pension plans cover key employees and restore benefits that would otherwise be curtailed by statutory limits on qualified plan benefits.
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Amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position consist of (in thousands):
Qualified | Non-qualified | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Reconciliation of benefit obligation | ||||||||||||||||
Obligation at January 1, | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Service cost | ||||||||||||||||
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation | ||||||||||||||||
Actuarial (gain) loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
Benefits paid | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Obligation at December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of fair value of plan assets | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at January 1, | ||||||||||||||||
Actual return on plan assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
Employer contributions | ||||||||||||||||
Benefits paid | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
Funded status at December 31, | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the defined benefit pension plans are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Service cost | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Interest cost | ||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Amortization of net actuarial loss | ||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Amounts related to the defined benefit pension plans recognized as a component of AOCI are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Actuarial gain | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Deferred tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
The estimated actuarial loss for the plan that will be amortized from AOCI into the net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $4,789,000 . Amounts recognized as a component of AOCI that have not been recognized as a component of the combined net periodic benefit cost of the defined benefit pension plans, are shown below (in thousands):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Net actuarial loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
Deferred tax benefit | ||||||||
Amounts included in AOCI | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
121
The weighted average assumptions used are shown below:
Used for Net Benefit Cost in Fiscal Year 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019 | Used for Benefit Obligations as of 12/31/2019 | |||||
Discount rate | % | % | ||||
Long-term rate of return | N/A | |||||
American National’s funding policy for the qualified pension plans is to make annual contributions to meet the minimum funding standards of ERISA. American National and its affiliates did not contribute to its qualified plans in 2019 and do not expect to contribute in 2020 due to the substantial contribution over minimum funding standards made in 2018. American National contributed $60,000,000 and $25,023,000 to the qualified pension plans in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The benefits paid from the non-qualified plans were $8,703,000 , $8,901,000 and $12,212,000 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Future payments from the non-qualified pension benefit plans will be funded out of general corporate assets.
The following table shows pension benefit payments expected to be paid (in thousands):
2020 | $ | |||
2021 | ||||
2022 | ||||
2023 | ||||
2024 | ||||
2025-2029 | ||||
American National utilizes third-party pricing services to estimate fair value measurements of its pension plan assets. Refer to Note 9 Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further information concerning the valuation methodologies and related inputs utilized by the third-party pricing services. The fair value (hierarchy measurements) of the pension plan assets by asset category are shown below (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
Asset Category | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Mutual funds | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Equity securities by sector | ||||||||||||||||
Consumer goods | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Energy and utilities | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Finance | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Healthcare | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Industrials | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Information technology | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Unallocated group annuity contract | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Other | — | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | |||||||||||
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December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
Asset Category | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Mutual funds | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Equity securities by sector | ||||||||||||||||
Consumer goods | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Energy and utilities | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Finance | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Healthcare | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Industrials | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Information technology | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Unallocated group annuity contract | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Other | — | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | |||||||||||
The investment policy for the retirement plan assets is designed to provide the highest return possible commensurate with sound and prudent underwriting practices. The investment diversification goals are to have investments in cash and cash equivalents as necessary for liquidity, debt securities up to 100 % and equity securities up to 75 % of the total invested plan assets. The amount invested in any particular investment is limited based on credit quality, and no single investment may at the time of purchase be more than 5 % of the total invested assets.
The corporate debt securities category are investment grade bonds of U.S and foreign issuers denominated and payable in U.S. dollars from diverse industries, with a maturity of 1 to 30 years. Foreign bonds in the aggregate shall not exceed 20 % of the bond portfolio. Residential mortgage-backed securities represent asset-backed securities with a maturity date 1 to 30 years with a rating of NAIC 1 or 2.
Equity portfolio managers have discretion to choose the degree of concentration in various issues and industry sectors for the equity securities. Permitted securities are those for which there is an active market providing liquidity for the specific security.
Commercial paper investments generally have a credit rating of A2 Moody’s or P2 by Standard & Poor’s with at least BBB rating on the issuer’s outstanding debt, or selected issuers with no outstanding debt.
Postretirement life and health benefits
American National sponsors a contributory health and dental benefit plan to a closed block of retirees and their dependents who met certain age and length of service requirements as of December 31, 1993. The primary retiree health benefit plan provides Medicare Supplemental and prescription drug benefits. American National’s contribution is limited to $40 per month for retirees and spouses. Since American National’s contributions to the cost of the retiree benefits plans are fixed, the health care cost trend rate will have no effect on the future expense or the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. Under American National’s various group benefit plans for active employees, life insurance benefits are provided upon retirement for eligible participants who meet certain age and length of service requirements.
The accrued postretirement benefit obligation, included in the liability for retirement benefits, was $4,687,000 and $6,085,000 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts were approximately equal to the unfunded accumulated postretirement benefit obligation.
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Note 19 – Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
American National and its subsidiaries lease insurance sales office space, technological equipment, and automobiles. The remaining long-term lease commitments at December 31, 2019 were approximately $14,095,000 .
American National had aggregate commitments at December 31, 2019, to purchase, expand or improve real estate, to fund fixed interest rate mortgage loans, and to purchase other invested assets of $1,292,620,000 of which $723,908,000 is expected to be funded in 2020 with the remainder funded in 2021 and beyond.
American National has a $100,000,000 short-term variable rate borrowing facility containing a $55,000,000 sub-feature for the issuance of letters of credit. Borrowings under the facility are at the discretion of the lender and would be used only for funding working capital requirements. The combination of borrowings and outstanding letters of credit cannot exceed $100,000,000 at any time. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the outstanding letters of credit were $3,484,000 and $2,995,000 , respectively, and there were no borrowings on this facility. This facility expires on October 31, 2020 .
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Agreements
In May 2018, the Company became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (“FHLB”) to augment its liquidity resources. As membership requires the ownership of member stock, the Company purchased $7.0 million of stock to meet the FHLB’s membership requirement. The FHLB member stock is recorded in other invested assets on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position. Through its membership, the Company has access to the FHLB’s financial services including advances that provide an attractive funding source for short-term borrowing and for access to other funding agreements. As of December 31, 2019, certain municipal bonds and collateralized mortgage obligations (CMO’s) with a fair value of approximately $117.5 million and commercial mortgage loans of approximately $1.5 billion were on deposit with the FHLB as collateral for amounts subject to funding agreements, and there were no outstanding advances. The deposited securities and commercial mortgage loans are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position within fixed maturity securities and mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance, respectively.
Guarantees
American National has guaranteed bank loans for customers of a third-party marketing operation. The bank loans are used to fund premium payments on life insurance policies issued by American National. The loans are secured by the cash values of the life insurance policies. If the customer were to default on a bank loan, American National would be obligated to pay off the loan. As the cash values of the life insurance policies always equal or exceed the balance of the loans, management does not foresee any loss on these guarantees. The total amount of the guarantees outstanding as of December 31, 2019, was approximately $123,574,000 , while the total cash value of the related life insurance policies was approximately $142,744,000 .
Litigation
American National and certain subsidiaries, in common with the insurance industry in general, are defendants in various lawsuits concerning alleged breaches of contracts, various employment matters, allegedly deceptive insurance sales and marketing practices, and miscellaneous other causes of action arising in the ordinary course of operations. Certain of these lawsuits include claims for compensatory and punitive damages. We provide accruals for these items to the extent we deem the losses probable and reasonably estimable. After reviewing these matters with legal counsel, based upon information presently available, management is of the opinion that the ultimate resultant liability, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on American National’s consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations; however, assessing the eventual outcome of litigation necessarily involves forward-looking speculation as to judgments to be made by judges, juries and appellate courts in the future.
Such speculation warrants caution, as the frequency of large damage awards, which bear little or no relation to the economic damages incurred by plaintiffs in some jurisdictions, continues to create the potential for an unpredictable judgment in any given lawsuit. These lawsuits are in various stages of development, and future facts and circumstances could result in management changing its conclusions. It is possible that, if the defenses in these lawsuits are not successful, and the judgments are greater than management can anticipate, the resulting liability could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations. With respect to the existing litigation, management currently believes that the possibility of a material judgment adverse to American National is remote and no estimate of range can be made for loss contingencies that are at least reasonably possible but not accrued.
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Note 20 – Related Party Transactions
American National has entered into recurring transactions and agreements with certain related parties. These include mortgage loans, management contracts, agency commission contracts, marketing agreements, health insurance contracts, and legal services. The impact on the consolidated financial statements of significant related party transactions is shown below (in thousands):
Dollar Amount of Transactions | Amount due to (from) American National | |||||||||||||||||
Years ended December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
Related Party | Financial Statement Line Impacted | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Gal-Tex Hotel Corporation | Mortgage loan on real estate | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Gal-Tex Hotel Corporation | Net investment income | |||||||||||||||||
Greer, Herz & Adams, LLP | Other operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
Mortgage Loans to Gal-Tex Hotel Corporation (“Gal-Tex”): American National held a first mortgage loan which originated in 1999, with an interest rate of 7.25 % and final maturity date of April 1, 2019 issued to a subsidiary of Gal-Tex, which was collateralized by a hotel property in San Antonio, Texas. This loan has been paid in full. The Moody Foundation owns 34.0 % of Gal-Tex and 22.75 % of American National, and the Libbie Shearn Moody Trust owns 50.2 % of Gal-Tex and 37.0 % of American National.
Transactions with Greer, Herz & Adams, LLP: Irwin M. Herz, Jr. is a director on the American National Board of Directors and a Partner with Greer, Herz & Adams, LLP, which serves as American National’s General Counsel.
Note 21 – Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Three months ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data): | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums and other revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits, losses and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before federal income tax and other items | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for federal income taxes | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other components of net periodic pension benefit (costs), net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to American National | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to American National | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Because of inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an assessment, including testing, of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — An Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.
The effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management has monitored the internal controls over financial reporting, including any material changes to the internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None
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PART III
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2019.
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2019.
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2019.
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2019.
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2019.
127
PART IV
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
(a)(1) Financial Statements—(See Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data)
(a)(2) Supplementary Data and Financial Statement Schedules—are attached hereto at the following pages
All other schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the financial statements or related notes.
(b) Exhibits
Exhibit Number | Description | |
Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 23, 2018). | ||
Description of the Company's Common Stock (filed herewith). | ||
Specimen copy of Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10-12B filed April 10, 2009). | ||
American National Insurance Company Amended and Restated 1999 Stock and Incentive Plan (the “Stock and Incentive Plan”)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10-12B filed April 10, 2009). | ||
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Officers under the Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.12 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 7, 2013). | ||
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement under the Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.5 to American National Insurance Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 2, 2011). | ||
American National Insurance Company Nonqualified Retirement Plan for Certain Salaried Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.6 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10-12B filed April 10, 2009). | ||
Amendment to the American National Insurance Company Nonqualified Retirement Plan for Certain Salaried Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.2 to the registrant’s amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 6, 2013). | ||
128
American National Family of Companies Executive Supplemental Savings Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.3 to the registrant’s amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 6, 2013). | ||
Amendments One and Two to the American National Family of Companies Executive Supplemental Savings plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.15 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2015). | ||
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Officers under the Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.16 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2015). | ||
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Directors under the Stock and Incentive Plan (filed herewith). | ||
Amendments Three and Four to the American National Family of Companies Executive Supplemental Savings Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2019). | ||
Subsidiaries (filed herewith). | ||
Consent of KPMG LLP (filed herewith). | ||
Certification of the principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
Certification of the principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
Certification of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101). | |
* | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
129
ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY |
Not applicable
130
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY | ||
By: | /s/ James E. Pozzi | |
Name: | James E. Pozzi | |
Title: | President and Chief Executive Officer | |
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Date: February 28, 2020
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ James E. Pozzi | President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | February 28, 2020 | ||
James E. Pozzi | ||||
/s/ Timothy A. Walsh | Executive Vice President, CFO, Treasurer and ML and P&C Operations (Principal Financial Officer) | February 28, 2020 | ||
Timothy A. Walsh | ||||
/s/ Michelle A. Gage | Vice President, and Controller | February 28, 2020 | ||
Michelle A. Gage | ||||
/s/ William C. Ansell | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
William C. Ansell | ||||
/s/ Arthur O. Dummer | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
Arthur O. Dummer | ||||
/s/ Irwin M. Herz, Jr. | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
Irwin M. Herz, Jr. | ||||
/s/ E. Douglas McLeod | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
E. Douglas McLeod | ||||
/s/ Frances A. Moody-Dahlberg | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
Frances A. Moody-Dahlberg | ||||
/s/ Ross R. Moody | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
Ross R. Moody | ||||
/s/ James P. Payne | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
James P. Payne | ||||
/s/ E.J. Pederson | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
E.J. Pederson | ||||
/s/ James D. Yarbrough | Director | February 28, 2020 | ||
James D. Yarbrough | ||||
131
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE I - SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS - OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
(In thousands)
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||
Cost or Amortized Cost (1) | Estimated Fair Value | Amount at Which Shown in the Balance Sheet | ||||||||||
Type of Investment | ||||||||||||
Fixed maturities | ||||||||||||
Bonds held-to-maturity | ||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ||||||||||||
Bonds available-for-sale | ||||||||||||
U.S. treasury and government | ||||||||||||
U.S. states and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||
Foreign governments | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities | ||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||
Collateralized debt securities | ||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||
Common stocks | ||||||||||||
Consumer goods | ||||||||||||
Energy and utilities | ||||||||||||
Finance | ||||||||||||
Healthcare | ||||||||||||
Industrials | ||||||||||||
Information technology | ||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||
Preferred stocks | ||||||||||||
Other investments | ||||||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | ||||||||||||
Investment real estate, net of accumulated depreciation | ||||||||||||
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt | ||||||||||||
Policy loans | ||||||||||||
Options (2) | ||||||||||||
Other long-term investments | ||||||||||||
Short-term investments | ||||||||||||
Total investments | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) | Original cost of equity securities and, as to fixed maturity securities, original cost reduced by repayments and valuation write-downs and adjusted for amortization of premiums or accrual of discounts. |
(2) | The amount shown in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position represents options exposure net of collateral. See Note 7, Derivative Instruments, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. |
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
132
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY (Parent Company Only)
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(In thousands)
December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Fixed maturity securities | $ | $ | ||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance | ||||||||
Other invested assets | ||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | ||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||
Prepaid pension | ||||||||
Other assets | ||||||||
Separate account assets | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
LIABILITIES | ||||||||
Policy liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
Policyholders’ account balances | ||||||||
Other liabilities | ||||||||
Separate account liabilities | ||||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||||
EQUITY | ||||||||
Common stock | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
Retained earnings | ||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Total equity | ||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes therein.
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
133
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY (Parent Company Only)
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
PREMIUMS AND OTHER REVENUES | ||||||||||||
Premiums and other policy revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Net investment income | ||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ||||||||||||
Other-than-temporary impairments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net gains (losses) on equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other income | ||||||||||||
Total premiums and other revenues | ||||||||||||
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES | ||||||||||||
Policyholder benefits | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | ||||||||||||
Total benefits, losses and expenses | ||||||||||||
Income before federal income tax and other items | ||||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for federal income taxes | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax | ||||||||||||
Other components of net periodic pension benefit (costs), net of tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to American National | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes therein.
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
134
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY (Parent Company Only)
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||||
Net realized investment gains | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Other-than-temporary impairments | ||||||||||||
Accretion of premiums, discounts and loan origination fees | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net capitalized interest on policy loans and mortgage loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Depreciation | ||||||||||||
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances | ||||||||||||
Charges to policyholders’ account balances | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net income of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Distributions from equity method investments | ||||||||||||
Changes in | ||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities | ||||||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Reinsurance recoverables | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Premiums due and other receivables | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | ||||||||||||
Accrued investment income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Current tax receivable/payable | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Liability for retirement benefits | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Fair value of option securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Fair value of equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale/maturity/prepayment of | ||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | ||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||
Investment real estate | ||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | ||||||||||||
Policy loans | ||||||||||||
Other invested assets | ||||||||||||
Disposals of property and equipment | ||||||||||||
Distributions from affiliates and subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
Payment for the purchase/origination of | ||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Available-for-sale securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Investment real estate | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Mortgage loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Policy loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Other invested assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Additions to property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Contributions to unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Change in short-term investments | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Change in investment in subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
Change in collateral held for derivatives | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
Policyholders’ account deposits | ||||||||||||
Policyholders’ account withdrawals | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Dividends to stockholders | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Beginning of the year | ||||||||||||
End of the year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes therein.
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
135
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
(In thousands)
Segment | Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost | Future Policy Benefits, Policyholders’ Account Balances, Policy and Contract Claims and Other Policyholder Funds | Unearned Premiums | Premium Revenue | Net Investment Income (1) | Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses | Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs | Other Operating Expenses (2) | Premiums Written | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Life | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annuity | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Health | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property & Casualty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate & Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Life | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annuity | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Health | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property & Casualty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate & Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Life | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annuity | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Health | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property & Casualty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate & Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Net investment income from fixed income assets (bonds and mortgage loans on real estate) is allocated to insurance lines based on the funds generated by each line at the average yield available from these fixed income assets at the time such funds become available. Net investment income from policy loans is allocated to the insurance lines according to the amount of loans made by each line. Net investment income from all other assets is allocated to the insurance lines as necessary to support the equity assigned to that line with the remainder allocated to capital & surplus. |
(2) | Expenses are charged to segments through direct identification and allocations based on various factors. |
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
136
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IV - REINSURANCE INFORMATION
(In thousands)
Direct Amount | Ceded to Other Companies | Assumed from Other Companies | Net Amount | Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net | |||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in-force | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
Premiums earned | |||||||||||||||||||
Life and Annuity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Health | |||||||||||||||||||
Property and Casualty | |||||||||||||||||||
Total premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in-force | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Premiums earned | |||||||||||||||||||
Life and Annuity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Health | |||||||||||||||||||
Property and Casualty | |||||||||||||||||||
Total premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in-force | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Premiums earned | |||||||||||||||||||
Life and Annuity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Health | |||||||||||||||||||
Property and Casualty | |||||||||||||||||||
Total premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
137
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In thousands)
Additions | Deductions | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at Beginning of Year | Charged to Costs and Expenses | Written Off | Change in Estimate | Balance at End of Year | ||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment valuation allowances: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment valuation allowances: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment valuation allowances: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
See accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
138