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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019

Commission File Number 1-11758

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware	1585 Broadway			36-3145972	(212)	761-4000
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	New York,	NY	10036	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
	(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	MS	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of Floating Rate	MS/PA	New York Stock Exchange
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of Fixed-to-Floating Rate	MS/PE	New York Stock Exchange
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, $0.01 par value
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of Fixed-to-Floating Rate	MS/PF	New York Stock Exchange
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F, $0.01 par value
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of 6.625%	MS/PG	New York Stock Exchange
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G, $0.01 par value
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of Fixed-to-Floating Rate	MS/PI	New York Stock Exchange
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I, $0.01 par value
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of Fixed-to-Floating Rate	MS/PK	New York Stock Exchange
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K, $0.01 par value
Global Medium-Term Notes, Series A, Fixed Rate Step-Up Senior Notes Due 2026	MS/26C	New York Stock Exchange
of Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (and Registrant’s guarantee with respect thereto)
Market Vectors ETNs due March 31, 2020 (two issuances)	URR/DDR	NYSE Arca, Inc.
Market Vectors ETNs due April 30, 2020 (two issuances)	CNY/INR	NYSE Arca, Inc.
Morgan Stanley Cushing® MLP High Income Index ETNs due March 21, 2031	MLPY	NYSE Arca, Inc.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒     No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.          ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No ☒

As of July 31, 2019, there were 1,652,767,929 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

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Table of Contents

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the quarter ended June 30, 2019

Table of Contents		Part	Item		Page
Financial Information		I			1
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		I	2		1
Introduction					1
Executive Summary					2
Business Segments					7
Supplemental Financial Information and Disclosures					18
Accounting Development Updates					18
Critical Accounting Policies					19
Liquidity and Capital Resources					19
Balance Sheet					19
Regulatory Requirements					24
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk		I	3		30
Market Risk					30
Credit Risk					32
Country and Other Risks					36
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm					39
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes		I	1		40
Consolidated Income Statements (Unaudited)					40
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements (Unaudited)					41
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited at June 30, 2019)					42
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity (Unaudited)					43
Consolidated Cash Flow Statements (Unaudited)					44
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)					45
1.	Introduction and Basis of Presentation				45
2.	Significant Accounting Policies				46
3.	Fair Values				46
4.	Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities				55
5.	Investment Securities				59
6.	Collateralized Transactions				62
7.	Loans, Lending Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses				63
8.	Equity Method Investments				65
9.	Deposits				66
10.	Borrowings and Other Secured Financings				66
11.	Commitments, Leases, Guarantees and Contingencies				67
12.	Variable Interest Entities and Securitization Activities				71
13.	Regulatory Requirements				74
14.	Total Equity				76
15.	Earnings per Common Share				78
16.	Interest Income and Interest Expense				79
17.	Income Taxes				79
18.	Segment, Geographic and Revenue Information				79
19.	Subsequent Events				82
Financial Data Supplement (Unaudited)					83
Glossary of Common Acronyms					85
Other Information		II			87
Legal Proceedings		II	1		87
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		II	2		88
Controls and Procedures		I	4		89
Exhibits		II	6		89
Exhibit Index					E- 1
Signatures					S-1

i

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Table of Contents

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site, www.sec.gov, that contains annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information that issuers file electronically with the SEC. Our electronic SEC filings are available to the public at the SEC’s internet site.

Our internet site is www.morganstanley.com. You can access our Investor Relations webpage at www.morganstanley.com/about-us-ir. We make available free of charge, on or through our Investor Relations webpage, our Proxy Statements, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We also make available, through our Investor Relations webpage, via a link to the SEC’s internet site, statements of beneficial ownership of our equity securities filed by our directors, officers, 10% or greater shareholders and others under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

You can access information about our corporate governance at www.morganstanley.com/about-us-governance. Our Corporate Governance webpage includes:

 

•	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation;

•	Amended and Restated Bylaws;

•	Charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation, Management Development and Succession Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, Operations and Technology Committee, and Risk Committee;

•	Corporate Governance Policies;

•	Policy Regarding Corporate Political Activities;

•	Policy Regarding Shareholder Rights Plan;

•	Equity Ownership Commitment;

•	Code of Ethics and Business Conduct;

•	Code of Conduct;

•	Integrity Hotline Information; and

•	Environmental and Social Policies.

Our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct applies to all directors, officers and employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Chief Financial Officer. We will post any amendments to the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and any waivers that are required to be disclosed by the rules of either the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange LLC (“NYSE”) on our internet site. You can request a copy of these documents, excluding exhibits, at no cost, by contacting Investor Relations, 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036 (212-761-4000). The information on our internet site is not incorporated by reference into this report.

 

ii

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Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

 

Morgan Stanley is a global financial services firm that maintains significant market positions in each of its business segments—Institutional Securities, Wealth Management and Investment Management. Morgan Stanley, through its subsidiaries and affiliates, provides a wide variety of products and services to a large and diversified group of clients and customers, including corporations, governments, financial institutions and individuals. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Morgan Stanley,” “Firm,” “us,” “we” or “our” mean Morgan Stanley (the “Parent Company”) together with its consolidated subsidiaries. We define the following as part of our consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”): consolidated income statements (“income statements”), consolidated balance sheets (“balance sheets”) and consolidated cash flow statements (“cash flow statements”). See the “Glossary of Common Acronyms” for the definition of certain acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.

A description of the clients and principal products and services of each of our business segments is as follows:

Institutional Securities provides investment banking, sales and trading, lending and other services to corporations, governments, financial institutions, and high to ultra-high net worth clients. Investment banking services consist of capital raising and financial advisory services, including services relating to the underwriting of debt, equity and other securities, as well as advice on mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, real estate and project finance. Sales and trading services include sales, financing, prime brokerage and market-making activities in equity and fixed income products, including foreign exchange and commodities. Lending activities include originating corporate loans, commercial mortgage lending, providing secured lending facilities and extending financing to sales and trading customers. Other activities include investments and research.

 

Wealth Management provides a comprehensive array of financial services and solutions to individual investors and small to medium-sized businesses and institutions covering brokerage and investment advisory services; financial and wealth planning services; annuity and insurance products; securities-based lending, residential real estate loans and other lending products; banking and retirement plan services.

Investment Management provides a broad range of investment strategies and products that span geographies, asset classes, and public and private markets to a diverse group of clients across institutional and intermediary channels. Strategies and products include equity, fixed income, liquidity and alternative/other products. Institutional clients include defined benefit/defined contribution plans, foundations, endowments, government entities, sovereign wealth funds, insurance companies, third-party fund sponsors and corporations. Individual clients are served through intermediaries, including affiliated and non-affiliated distributors.

The results of operations in the past have been, and in the future may continue to be, materially affected by competition; risk factors; and legislative, legal and regulatory developments; as well as other factors. These factors also may have an adverse impact on our ability to achieve our strategic objectives. Additionally, the discussion of our results of operations herein may contain forward-looking statements. These statements, which reflect management’s beliefs and expectations, are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our future results, see “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Business—Competition,” “Business—Supervision and Regulation,” and “Risk Factors” in the 2018 Form 10-K, and “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements” herein.

	1	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Executive Summary

Overview of Financial Results

Consolidated Results

Net Revenues

($ in millions)

Net Income Applicable to Morgan Stanley

($ in millions)

 

Earnings per Common Share¹ 

1.	For the calculation of basic and diluted EPS, see Note 15 to the financial statements.

•

We reported net revenues of $10,244 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019 (“current quarter,” or “2Q 2019”), compared with $10,610 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2018 (“prior year quarter,” or “2Q 2018”). For the current quarter, net income applicable to Morgan Stanley was $2,201 million, or $1.23 per diluted common share, compared with $2,437 million or $1.30 per diluted common share, in the prior year quarter.

•

We reported net revenues of $20,530 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 (“current year period,” or “YTD 2019”), compared with $21,687 million in the period ended June 30, 2018 (“prior year period,” or “YTD 2018”). For the current year period, net income applicable to Morgan Stanley was $4,630 million, or $2.62 per diluted common share, compared with $5,105 million or $2.75 per diluted common share, in the prior year period.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	2

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Non-interest Expenses¹ 

($ in millions)

   

   

1.	The percentages on the bars in the chart represent the contribution of compensation and benefits expenses and non-compensation expenses to total non-interest expenses.

 

•

Compensation and benefits expenses of $4,531 million in the current quarter and $9,182 million in the current year period decreased 2% and 4%, respectively, from $4,621 million in the prior year quarter and $9,535 million in the prior year period. These results primarily reflected decreases in discretionary incentive compensation driven by lower revenues and decreases related to the roll-off of certain acquisition-related employee retention loans, partially offset by increases in the fair value of investments to which certain deferred compensation plans are referenced, higher salaries, and deferred compensation associated with carried interest. In addition, in the current year period Compensation and benefits expenses decreased due to the formulaic payout to Wealth Management representatives driven by the mix of revenues.

•

Non-compensation expenses of $2,810 million in the current quarter and $5,490 million in the current year period each decreased 2% from $2,880 million in the prior year quarter and $5,623 million in the prior year period. These decreases were primarily due to lower litigation and professional services expenses, partially offset by increased investment in technology. In addition, in the current year period Non-compensation expenses decreased due to lower volume related expenses.

 

Income Taxes

Intermittent net discrete tax benefits of $101 million in the current year period and $88 million in the prior year quarter and prior year period are primarily associated with the remeasurement of reserves and related interest due to new information with regard to multi-jurisdiction tax examinations. For further information, see “Supplemental Financial Information and Disclosures—Income Tax Matters” herein.

	3	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Selected Financial Information and Other Statistical Data

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income applicable to   Morgan Stanley	2,201			2,437			4,630			5,105
Preferred stock dividends and other	170			170			263			263
Earnings applicable to   Morgan Stanley common shareholders	$	2,031		$	2,267		$	4,367		$	4,842
Expense efficiency ratio1	71.7		%	70.7		%	71.5		%	69.9		%
ROE2	11.2		%	13.0		%	12.1		%	13.9		%
ROTCE2	12.8		%	14.9		%	13.8		%	16.0		%

in millions, except per share and employee data	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
GLR3	$	221,792		$	249,735
Loans4	$	120,901		$	115,579
Total assets	$	891,959		$	853,531
Deposits	$	176,593		$	187,820
Borrowings	$	197,848		$	189,662
Common shares outstanding	1,659			1,700
Common shareholders' equity	$	73,204		$	71,726
Tangible common shareholders’ equity2	$	63,771		$	62,879
Book value per common share5	$	44.13		$	42.20
Tangible book value per common share2, 5	$	38.44		$	36.99
Worldwide employees	59,513			60,348

	At June 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018
Capital ratios6
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	16.3	%	16.9	%
Tier 1 capital	18.6	%	19.2	%
Total capital	21.0	%	21.8	%
Tier 1 leverage	8.4	%	8.4	%
SLR	6.5	%	6.5	%

1.	The expense efficiency ratio represents total non-interest expenses as a percentage of net revenues.

2.	Represents a non-GAAP measure. See “Selected Non-GAAP Financial Information” herein.

3.	For a discussion of the GLR, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity Risk Management Framework—Global Liquidity Reserve” herein.

4.	Amounts include loans held for investment (net of allowance) and loans held for sale but exclude loans at fair value, which are included in Trading assets in the balance sheets (see Note 7 to the financial statements).

5.	Book value per common share and tangible book value per common share equal common shareholders’ equity and tangible common shareholders’ equity, respectively, divided by common shares outstanding.

6.	At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our risk-based capital ratios are based on the Standardized Approach rules. For a discussion of our capital ratios, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements” herein.

 

Business Segment Results

Net Revenues by Segment^{1, 2}  

($ in millions)

June 2019 Form 10-Q	4

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Net Income Applicable to Morgan Stanley by Segment^{1, 3} 

($ in millions)

           

 

1.	The percentages on the bars in the charts represent the contribution of each business segment to the total of the applicable financial category and may not total to 100% due to intersegment eliminations.

2.	The total amount of Net Revenues by Segment includes intersegment eliminations of $(116) million and $(120) million in the current quarter and prior year quarter, respectively, and $(219) million and $(235) million in the current year period and prior year period, respectively.

3.	The total amount of Net Income Applicable to Morgan Stanley by Segment includes intersegment eliminations of $(1) million in the current quarter and $(3) million in the current year period.

 

 

•	Institutional Securities net revenues of $5,113 million in the current quarter and $10,309 million in the current year period decreased 11% from the prior year quarter and decreased 13% from the prior year period, reflecting lower sales and trading and Investment banking revenues, as macroeconomic uncertainties affected market sentiment and trading performance.

•	Wealth Management net revenues of $4,408 million in the current quarter and $8,797 million in the current year period increased 2% from the prior year quarter and increased 1% from the prior year period, primarily reflecting higher Transactional revenues due to higher gains related to investments associated with certain employee deferred compensation plans.

•	Investment Management net revenues of $839 million in the current quarter and $1,643 million in the current year period increased 21% from the prior year quarter and increased 17% from the prior year period, primarily reflecting higher gains from Investments.

Net Revenues by Region^{1, 2} 

($ in millions)

   

 

1.	For a discussion of how the geographic breakdown of net revenues is determined, see Note 18 to the financial statements.

2.	The percentages on the bars in the charts represent the contribution of each region to the total.

	5	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Selected Non-GAAP Financial Information

We prepare our financial statements using U.S. GAAP. From time to time, we may disclose certain “non-GAAP financial measures” in this document or in the course of our earnings releases, earnings and other conference calls, financial presentations, Definitive Proxy Statement and otherwise. A “non-GAAP financial measure” excludes, or includes, amounts from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We consider the non-GAAP financial measures we disclose to be useful to us, analysts, investors and other stakeholders by providing further transparency about, or an alternate means of assessing, our financial condition, operating results, prospective regulatory capital requirements or capital adequacy.

These measures are not in accordance with, or a substitute for, U.S. GAAP and may be different from or inconsistent with non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Whenever we refer to a non-GAAP financial measure, we will also generally define it or present the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, along with a reconciliation of the differences between the U.S. GAAP financial measure and the non-GAAP financial measure.

The principal non-GAAP financial measures presented in this document are set forth in the following tables.

Reconciliations from U.S. GAAP to Non-GAAP Consolidated Financial Measures

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions, except per share data	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	2,201		$	2,437		$	4,630		$	5,105
Impact of adjustments	—			(88		)	(101		)	(88		)
Adjusted net income applicable to Morgan Stanley—non-GAAP1	$	2,201		$	2,349		$	4,529		$	5,017
Earnings per diluted common share	$	1.23		$	1.30		$	2.62		$	2.75
Impact of adjustments	—			(0.05		)	(0.06		)	(0.05		)
Adjusted earnings per diluted common share—non-GAAP1	$	1.23		$	1.25		$	2.56		$	2.70
Effective income tax rate	22.6		%	20.6		%	19.5		%	20.7		%
Impact of adjustments	—		%	2.8		%	1.8		%	1.4		%
Adjusted effective income tax rate—non-GAAP1	22.6		%	23.4		%	21.3		%	22.1		%

 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Tangible equity U.S. GAAP
Morgan Stanley shareholders' equity	$	81,724		$	80,246
Less: Goodwill and net intangible assets	(9,433		)	(8,847		)
Tangible Morgan Stanley shareholders' equity—non-GAAP	$	72,291		$	71,399
U.S. GAAP
Common shareholders' equity	73,204			$	71,726
Less: Goodwill and net intangible assets	$	(9,433	)	$	(8,847	)
Tangible common shareholder's equity—non-GAAP	$	63,771		$	62,879

Consolidated Non-GAAP Financial Measures

	Average Monthly Balance
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Tangible equity
Morgan Stanley shareholder's equity	$	81,155		$	78,432		$	80,622		$	77,960
Less: Goodwill and net intangible assets	(9,098		)	(9,076		)	(8,978		)	(9,049		)
Tangible Morgan Stanley shareholders' equity	$	72,057		$	69,356		$	71,644		$	68,911
Common Shareholders' equity	$	72,635		$	69,912		$	72,102		$	69,440
Less: Goodwill and net intangible assets	(9,098		)	(9,076		)	(8,978		)	(9,049		)
Tangible common shareholders' equity	$	63,537		$	60,836		$	63,124		$	60,391

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in billions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Average common equity
Unadjusted	$	72.6		$	69.9		$	72.1		$	69.4
Adjusted1	72.6			69.9			72.0			69.4
ROE2
Unadjusted	11.2		%	13.0		%	12.1		%	13.9		%
Adjusted1, 3	11.2		%	12.5		%	11.8		%	13.7		%
Average tangible common equity
Unadjusted	$	63.5		$	60.8		$	63.1		$	60.4
Adjusted1	63.5			60.8			63.1			60.4
ROTCE2
Unadjusted	12.8		%	14.9		%	13.8		%	16.0		%
Adjusted1, 3	12.8		%	14.3		%	13.5		%	15.7		%

June 2019 Form 10-Q	6

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Non-GAAP Financial Measures by Business Segment

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in billions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Pre-tax margin4
Institutional Securities	29		%	32		%	30		%	33		%
Wealth Management	28		%	27		%	28		%	27		%
Investment Management	24		%	20		%	23		%	20		%
Consolidated	28		%	29		%	29		%	30		%
Average common equity5
Institutional Securities	$	40.4		$	40.8		$	40.4		$	40.8
Wealth Management	18.2			16.8			18.2			16.8
Investment Management	2.5			2.6			2.5			2.6
Parent Company	11.5			9.7			11.0			9.2
Consolidated average common equity	$	72.6		$	69.9		$	72.1		$	69.4
Average tangible common equity5
Institutional Securities	$	39.9		$	40.1		$	39.9		$	40.1
Wealth Management	10.2			9.2			10.2			9.2
Investment Management	1.5			1.7			1.5			1.7
Parent Company	11.9			9.8			11.5			9.4
Consolidated average tangible common equity	$	63.5		$	60.8		$	63.1		$	60.4
ROE2, 6
Institutional Securities	9.8		%	13.0		%	11.3		%	14.1		%
Wealth Management	20.1		%	20.0		%	20.0		%	20.7		%
Investment Management	20.5		%	15.7		%	21.2		%	17.5		%
Consolidated	11.2		%	13.0		%	12.1		%	13.9		%
ROTCE2, 6
Institutional Securities	9.9		%	13.2		%	11.5		%	14.3		%
Wealth Management	36.1		%	36.6		%	35.8		%	37.8		%
Investment Management	33.0		%	24.5		%	34.2		%	27.4		%
Consolidated	12.8		%	14.9		%	13.8		%	16.0		%

 

1.

Adjusted amounts exclude net discrete tax provisions (benefits) that are intermittent and include those that are recurring. Provision or (benefits) related to conversion of employee share-based awards are expected to occur every year and are considered recurring discrete tax items. For further information on the net discrete tax provisions (benefits), see “Supplemental Financial Information and Disclosures—Income Tax Matters” herein.

2.	ROE and ROTCE represent annualized net income applicable to Morgan Stanley less preferred dividends as a percentage of average common equity and average tangible common equity, respectively. When excluding intermittent net discrete tax provisions (benefits), both the numerator and average denominator are adjusted.

3.	The calculations used in determining our “ROE and ROTCE Targets” referred to in the following section are the Adjusted ROE and Adjusted ROTCE amounts shown in this table.

4.	Pre-tax margin represents income from continuing operations before income taxes as a percentage of net revenues.

5.	Average common equity and average tangible common equity for each business segment are determined using our Required Capital framework (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Attribution of Average Common Equity According to the Required Capital Framework” herein).

6.	The calculation of ROE and ROTCE by segment uses net income applicable to Morgan Stanley by segment less preferred dividends allocated to each segment as a percentage of average common equity and average tangible common equity, respectively, allocated to each segment.

 

Return on Equity and Tangible Common Equity Targets

We have an ROE Target of 10% to 13% and an ROTCE Target of 11.5% to 14.5%.

Our ROE and ROTCE Targets are forward-looking statements that may be materially affected by many factors, including, among other things: macroeconomic and market conditions; legislative and regulatory developments; industry trading and investment banking volumes; equity market levels; interest rate environment; outsized legal expenses or penalties and the ability to maintain a reduced level of expenses; and capital levels. For further information on our ROE and ROTCE Targets and related assumptions, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Executive Summary—Return on Equity and Tangible Common Equity Targets” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Business Segments

Substantially all of our operating revenues and operating expenses are directly attributable to our business segments. Certain revenues and expenses have been allocated to each business segment, generally in proportion to its respective net revenues, non-interest expenses or other relevant measures.

For an overview of the components of our business segments, net revenues, compensation expense and income taxes, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Business Segments” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

With respect to Institutional Securities sales and trading activities, Commodities products and Other also includes Trading revenues from managing derivative counterparty credit risk on behalf of clients, in addition to results from the centralized management of our fixed income derivative counterparty exposures.

	7	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Institutional Securities

Income Statement Information

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues
Investment banking	$	1,472		$	1,699		(13	)%
Trading	2,558			3,128			(18	)%
Investments	194			89			118	%
Commissions and fees	625			674			(7	)%
Asset management	103			102			1	%
Other	143			168			(15	)%
Total non-interest revenues	5,095			5,860			(13	)%
Interest income	3,289			2,195			50	%
Interest expense	3,271			2,341			40	%
Net interest	18			(146		)	112	%
Net revenues	5,113			5,714			(11	)%
Compensation and benefits	1,789			1,993			(10	)%
Non-compensation expenses	1,861			1,909			(3	)%
Total non-interest expenses	3,650			3,902			(6	)%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	1,463			1,812			(19	)%
Provision for income taxes	324			323			—	%
Income from continuing operations	1,139			1,489			(24	)%
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—			(2		)	100	%
Net income	1,139			1,487			(23	)%
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	18			30			(40	)%
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	1,121		$	1,457		(23	)%

 

 

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues
Investment banking	$	2,623		$	3,212		(18	)%
Trading	5,688			6,771			(16	)%
Investments	275			138			99	%
Commissions and fees	1,246			1,418			(12	)%
Asset management	210			212			(1	)%
Other	365			304			20	%
Total non-interest revenues	10,407			12,055			(14	)%
Interest income	6,345			3,999			59	%
Interest expense	6,443			4,240			52	%
Net interest	(98		)	(241		)	59	%
Net revenues	10,309			11,814			(13	)%
Compensation and benefits	3,608			4,153			(13	)%
Non-compensation expenses	3,643			3,737			(3	)%
Total non-interest expenses	7,251			7,890			(8	)%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	3,058			3,924			(22	)%
Provision for income taxes	514			772			(33	)%
Income from continuing operations	2,544			3,152			(19	)%
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—			(4		)	100	%
Net income	2,544			3,148			(19	)%
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	52			64			(19	)%
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	2,492		$	3,084		(19	)%

June 2019 Form 10-Q	8

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Investment Banking

Investment Banking Revenues

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Advisory	$	506		$	618		(18	)%
Underwriting:
Equity	546			541			1	%
Fixed income	420			540			(22	)%
Total Underwriting	966			1,081			(11	)%
Total Investment banking	$	1,472		$	1,699		(13	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Advisory	$	912		$	1,192		(23	)%
Underwriting:
Equity	885			962			(8	)%
Fixed income	826			1,058			(22	)%
Total Underwriting	1,711			2,020			(15	)%
Total Investment banking	$	2,623		$	3,212		(18	)%

Investment Banking Volumes

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in billions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Completed mergers and acquisitions1	$	150		$	334		$	344		$	504
Equity and equity-related offerings2, 3	15			16			29			37
Fixed income offerings2, 4	57			67			115			125

Source: Refinitiv (formerly Thomson Reuters Financial & Risk), data as of July 1, 2019. Transaction volumes may not be indicative of net revenues in a given period. In addition, transaction volumes for prior periods may vary from amounts previously reported due to the subsequent withdrawal, change in value, or change in timing of certain transactions.

1.	Includes transactions of $100 million or more. Based on full credit to each of the advisors in a transaction.

2.	Based on full credit for single book managers and equal credit for joint book managers.

3.	Includes Rule 144A issuances and registered public offerings of common stock, convertible securities and rights offerings.

4.	Includes Rule 144A and publicly registered issuances, non-convertible preferred stock, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and taxable municipal debt. Excludes leveraged loans and self-led issuances.

 

Investment banking revenues of $1,472 million in the current quarter and $2,623 million in the current year period decreased 13% and 18% from the comparable prior periods, reflecting lower results in both our underwriting and advisory businesses.

 

•	Advisory revenues decreased in the current quarter and the current year period, primarily as a result of lower volumes of completed M&A activity, partially offset by the effect of higher fee realizations.

•

Equity underwriting revenues were relatively unchanged in the current quarter, reflecting higher revenues in initial public offerings and follow-on offerings, offset by a decrease in convertible issuances. In the current year period, overall volumes were lower, with revenues decreasing primarily in initial public offerings and convertible issuances, partially offset by an increase in secondary block share trades.

•	Fixed income underwriting revenues decreased in both the current quarter and current year period as a result of lower loan volumes.

See “Investment Banking Volumes” herein.

 

Sales and Trading Net Revenues

By Income Statement Line Item

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Trading	$	2,558		$	3,128		(18	)%
Commissions and fees	625			674			(7	)%
Asset management	103			102			1	%
Net interest	18			(146		)	112	%
Total	$	3,304		$	3,758		(12	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Trading	$	5,688		$	6,771		(16	)%
Commissions and fees	1,246			1,418			(12	)%
Asset Management	210			212			(1	)%
Net interest	(98		)	(241		)	59	%
Total	$	7,046		$	8,160		(14	)%

	9	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

By Business

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Equity	$	2,130		$	2,470		(14	)%
Fixed income	1,133			1,389			(18	)%
Other	41			(101		)	141	%
Total	$	3,304		$	3,758		(12	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Equity	$	4,145		$	5,028		(18	)%
Fixed income	2,843			3,262			(13	)%
Other	58			(130		)	145	%
Total	$	7,046		$	8,160		(14	)%

Sales and Trading Revenues—Equity and Fixed Income

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
							Net
$ in millions	Trading			Fees1			Interest2			Total
Financing	$	1,085		$	94		$	(152	)	$	1,027
Execution services	600			554			(51		)	1,103
Total Equity	$	1,685		$	648		$	(203	)	$	2,130
Total Fixed income	$	1,144		$	81		$	(92	)	$	1,133

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
							Net
$ in millions	Trading			Fees1			Interest2			Total
Financing	$	1,373		$	89		$	(192	)	$	1,270
Execution services	661			605			(66		)	1,200
Total Equity	$	2,034		$	694		$	(258	)	$	2,470
Total Fixed income	$	1,299		$	83		$	7		$	1,389

 

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
							Net
$ in millions	Trading			Fees1			Interest2			Total
Financing	$	2,200		$	192		$	(410	)	$	1,982
Execution services	1,151			1,107			(95		)	2,163
Total Equity	$	3,351		$	1,299		$	(505	)	$	4,145
Total Fixed income	$	2,871		$	159		$	(187	)	$	2,843

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
							Net
$ in millions	Trading			Fees1			Interest2			Total
Financing	$	2,607		$	196		$	(338	)	$	2,465
Execution services	1,452			1,269			(158		)	2,563
Total Equity	$	4,059		$	1,465		$	(496	)	$	5,028
Total Fixed income	$	3,014		$	166		$	82		$	3,262

1.	Includes Commissions and fees and Asset management revenues.

2.	Includes funding costs, which are allocated to the businesses based on funding usage.

As discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Business Segments—Net Revenues by Segment” in the 2018 Form 10-K, we manage each of the sales and trading businesses based on its aggregate net revenues. We provide qualitative commentary in the discussion of results that follow on the key drivers of period over period variances, as the quantitative impact of the various market dynamics typically cannot be disaggregated.

For additional information on total Trading revenues, see the table “Trading Revenues by Product Type” in Note 18 to the financial statements.

Sales and Trading Net Revenues during the Current Quarter

Equity

Equity sales and trading net revenues of $2,130 million in the current quarter decreased 14% from the prior year quarter, reflecting lower results in both our financing and execution services businesses.

 

•	Financing decreased from the prior year quarter, primarily due to lower average client balances and lower realized spreads, as reflected in lower Trading revenues.

•	Execution services decreased from the prior year quarter, reflecting lower Trading revenues as a result of less favorable inventory management in derivatives products. In addition, Commission and fees decreased due to lower client activity in cash equities products.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	10

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Fixed Income

Fixed income net revenues of $1,133 million in the current quarter were 18% lower than the prior year quarter, primarily driven by lower results in global macro products and commodities products and other, partially offset by higher results in credit products.

 

•	Global macro products Trading revenues decreased primarily due to inventory management losses in certain rates and foreign exchange products as a result of a significant decline in interest rates and lower foreign exchange volatility in the current quarter, along with lower levels of client activity.

•	Credit products Trading revenues increased primarily in corporate credit and securitized products due to improved inventory management and higher client activity, partially offset by lower Net interest revenues driven by higher funding costs and lower net spreads in securitized products.

•	Commodities products and Other Trading revenues decreased primarily due to unfavorable inventory management in power and gas products. In addition, Net interest revenues decreased primarily due to higher funding costs.

Other

 

•	Other sales and trading net gains of $41 million in the current quarter increased from the prior year quarter, reflecting lower costs due to a shift in funding mix and balance sheet composition.

Sales and Trading Net Revenues during the Current Year Period

Equity

Equity sales and trading net revenues of $4,145 million in the current year period decreased 18% from the prior year period, reflecting lower results in both our financing and execution services businesses.

 

•	Financing decreased from the prior year period, primarily due to lower average client balances and lower realized spreads, as reflected in lower Trading revenues. Additionally, Net interest revenues decreased due to higher funding costs attributable to higher rates and changes in funding mix.

•	Execution services decreased from the prior year period, reflecting lower Trading revenues as a result of less favorable inventory management and lower client activity in derivatives products. In addition, Commission and fees decreased due to lower client activity in cash equities.

 

Fixed Income

Fixed income net revenues of $2,843 million in the current year period were 13% lower than the prior year period, primarily driven by lower results in global macro products and commodities products and other, partially offset by higher results in credit products.

 

•	Global macro products Trading revenues decreased primarily due to unfavorable inventory management in rates and foreign exchange products.

•	Credit products Trading revenues increased primarily due to improved inventory management and higher client activity in corporate credit products, partially offset by lower Net interest revenues driven by higher funding costs and lower net spreads in securitized products.

•	Commodities products and Other Net interest revenues decreased primarily due to higher funding costs. Trading revenues increased primarily due to gains from client structuring activity within derivatives counterparty credit risk management, partially offset by lower client activity in structured transactions within commodities.

Other

 

•	Other sales and trading net gains of $58 million in the current year period increased from the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in the fair value of investments to which certain deferred compensation plans are referenced and lower costs due to a shift in funding mix and balance sheet composition, partially offset by higher losses on hedges associated with corporate loans.

Investments, Other Revenues, Non-interest Expenses, and Income Tax Items

Investments

 

•	Net investment gains of $194 million in the current quarter and $275 million in the current year period increased from prior year periods, principally as a result of realized gains associated with an investment's initial public offering and subsequent mark-to-market gains on remaining holdings subject to sales restrictions.

Other Revenues

 

•

Other revenues of $143 million in the current quarter decreased from the prior year quarter, primarily reflecting the recovery of a previously charged off loan in the prior year quarter and lower results from certain equity method investments, partially offset by mark-to-market gains on held for sale loans. Other revenues of $365 million in the current year period increased from the prior year period, primarily reflecting mark-to-market gains on held for sale loans,

	11	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

partially offset by lower results from certain equity method investments and the recovery of a previously charged off loan in the prior year period.

Non-interest Expenses

Non-interest expenses of $3,650 million in the current quarter decreased from the prior year quarter, reflecting a 10% decrease in Compensation and benefits expenses and a 3% decrease in Non-compensation expenses. Non-interest expenses of $7,251 million in the current year period decreased from the prior year period, reflecting a 13% decrease in Compensation and benefits expenses and a 3% decrease in Non-compensation expenses.

 

•	Compensation and benefits expenses decreased in the current quarter and current year period, primarily due to decreases in discretionary incentive compensation driven by lower revenues, partially offset by increases in the fair value of investments to which certain deferred compensation plans are referenced and higher salaries.

•	Non-compensation expenses decreased in the current quarter primarily due to lower professional services, transaction-related and litigation costs, partially offset by increased investments in technology. In the current year period, Non-compensation expenses decreased primarily due to lower litigation costs and volume-related expenses, partially offset by increased investment in technology.

Income Tax Items

The current year period includes intermittent net discrete tax benefits of $101 million. The prior year quarter and prior year period included intermittent net discrete tax benefits of $97 million. For further information, see “Supplemental Financial Information and Disclosures—Income Tax Matters” herein.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	12

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Wealth Management

Income Statement Information

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues
Investment banking	$	138		$	114		21	%
Trading	162			135			20	%
Investments	—			3			(100	)%
Commissions and fees	428			442			(3	)%
Asset management	2,544			2,514			1	%
Other	120			74			62	%
Total non-interest revenues	3,392			3,282			3	%
Interest income	1,348			1,320			2	%
Interest expense	332			277			20	%
Net interest	1,016			1,043			(3	)%
Net revenues	4,408			4,325			2	%
Compensation and benefits	2,382			2,356			1	%
Non-compensation expenses	783			812			(4	)%
Total non-interest expenses	3,165			3,168			—	%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	1,243		$	1,157		7	%
Provision for income taxes	290			281			3	%
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	953		$	876		9	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues
Investment banking	$	247		$	254		(3	)%
Trading	464			244			90	%
Investments	1			3			(67	)%
Commissions and fees	834			940			(11	)%
Asset management	4,905			5,009			(2	)%
Other	200			137			46	%
Total non-interest revenues	6,651			6,587			1	%
Interest income	2,761			2,600			6	%
Interest expense	615			488			26	%
Net interest	2,146			2,112			2	%
Net revenues	8,797			8,699			1	%
Compensation and benefits	4,844			4,806			1	%
Non-compensation expenses	1,522			1,576			(3	)%
Total non-interest expenses	6,366			6,382			—	%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	2,431		$	2,317		5	%
Provision for income taxes	554			527			5	%
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	1,877		$	1,790		5	%

 

Financial Information and Statistical Data

  

	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
$ in billions, except employee data
Client assets	$	2,570		$	2,303
Fee-based client assets1	$	1,159		$	1,046
Fee-based client assets as a percentage of total client assets	45		%	45		%
Client liabilities2	$	84		$	83
Investment securities portfolio	$	69.8		$	68.6
Loans and lending commitments	$	86.4		$	82.9
Wealth Management representatives	15,633			15,694

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018
Per representative:
Annualized revenues ($ in thousands)3	$	1,125		$	1,105
Client assets ($ in millions)4	$	164		$	154
Fee-based asset flows ($ in billions)5	$	9.8		$	15.3

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018
Per representative:
Annualized revenues ($ in thousands)3	$	1,122		$	1,110
Client assets ($ in millions)4	$	164		$	154
Fee-based asset flows ($ in billions)5	$	24.6		$	33.5

 

1.	Fee-based client assets represent the amount of assets in client accounts where the fee for services is calculated based on those assets.

2.	Client liabilities include securities-based and tailored lending, residential real estate loans and margin lending.

3.	Revenues per representative equal Wealth Management’s annualized net revenues divided by the average number of representatives.

4.	Client assets per representative equal total period-end client assets divided by period-end number of representatives.

5.	For a description of the Inflows and Outflows included within Fee-based asset flows, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Business Segments—Wealth Management—Fee-Based Client Assets” in the 2018 Form 10-K. Excludes institutional cash management-related activity.

	13	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Transactional Revenues

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Investment banking	$	138		$	114		21	%
Trading	162			135			20	%
Commissions and fees	428			442			(3	)%
Total	$	728		$	691		5	%
Transactional revenues as a % of Net revenues	17		%	16		%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Investment banking	$	247		$	254		(3	)%
Trading	464			244			90	%
Commissions and fees	834			940			(11	)%
Total	$	1,545		$	1,438		7	%
Transactional revenues as a % of Net revenues	18		%	17		%

Net Revenues

Transactional Revenues

Transactional revenues of $728 million in the current quarter increased 5% from the prior year quarter primarily as a result of higher Trading and Investment Banking revenues. Transactional revenues of $1,545 million in the current year period increased 7% from the prior year period as a result of higher Trading revenues, partially offset by lower Commissions and fees.

 

•	Investment banking revenues increased in the current quarter primarily due to higher revenues from closed-end fund issuances. Investment banking revenues in the current year period were relatively unchanged, with lower revenues from structured product issuances offset by higher revenues from closed-end fund issuances.

•	Trading revenues increased in the current quarter and current year period primarily due to higher gains related to investments associated with certain employee deferred compensation plans compared with the prior year periods.

•	Commissions and fees decreased in the current quarter and current year period primarily due to lower client activity in equities.

 

Asset Management

Asset management revenues of $2,544 million in the current quarter increased 1% from the prior year quarter primarily due to the effect of positive net flows and market appreciation on beginning of current quarter fee-based client assets, partially offset by lower average fee rates.

Asset management revenues of $4,905 million in the current year period decreased 2% from the prior year period primarily due to the effect of fourth quarter 2018 market depreciation and lower average fee rates, partially offset by the effect of positive net flows.

See “Fee-Based Client Assets—Rollforwards” herein.

Other

Other revenues of $120 million in the current quarter and $200 million in the current year period increased 62% and 46%, respectively, from the prior year periods, primarily due to higher realized gains from the AFS securities portfolio.

 

Net Interest

Net interest of $1,016 million in the current quarter and $2,146 million in the current year period were marginally lower and higher, respectively, than in the comparable prior year periods. In both periods, interest expense increased due to changes in our funding mix. Interest income increased due to the impact of higher interest rates on and higher balances of Loans and Investment securities, partially offset by higher prepayment amortization expense related to mortgage-backed securities.

In addition, we centralized certain internal treasury activities as of January 1, 2019, which partially offset the increases in Interest income and Interest expense compared with the prior year periods. This impact is expected to continue in future periods. The effect on Net interest income was not significant in the current quarter and the current year period, nor is it expected to be for the full year 2019.

Non-interest Expenses

Non-interest expenses of $3,165 million in the current quarter and $6,366 million in the current year period were relatively unchanged from the prior year periods, with increased Compensation and benefits expenses offset by lower Non-compensation expenses.

 

•	Compensation and benefits expenses increased in the current quarter and current year period, reflecting increases in the fair value of investments to which certain deferred compensation plans are referenced and salaries, partially offset by decreases related to the roll-off of certain acquisition-related employee retention loans. In addition, Compensation and benefits expenses in the current year

June 2019 Form 10-Q	14

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

period decreased due to the formulaic payout to Wealth Management representatives driven by the mix of revenues.

•	Non-compensation expenses decreased in the current quarter and current year period primarily as a result of lower deposit insurance and marketing and business development expenses. In addition, Non-compensation expenses decreased in the current year period as a result of lower professional services expenses.

Fee-Based Client Assets

Rollforwards

$ in billions	At March 31, 2019			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			At June 30, 2019
Separately managed1	$	276		$	10		$	(5	)	$	15		$	296
Unified managed2	283			12			(11		)	8			292
Advisor	147			7			(9		)	4			149
Portfolio manager	391			21			(15		)	3			400
Subtotal	$	1,097		$	50		$	(40	)	$	30		$	1,137
Cash management	19			3			(4		)	4			22
Total fee-based client assets	$	1,116		$	53		$	(44	)	$	34		$	1,159

$ in billions	At March 31, 2018			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			At June 30, 2018
Separately managed1	$	260		$	9		$	(5	)	$	3		$	267
Unified managed2	274			12			(9		)	2			279
Advisor	147			8			(8		)	2			149
Portfolio manager	356			20			(12		)	3			367
Subtotal	$	1,037		$	49		$	(34	)	$	10		$	1,062
Cash management	21			6			(5		)	—			22
Total fee-based client assets	$	1,058		$	55		$	(39	)	$	10		$	1,084

$ in billions	At December 31, 2018			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			At June 30, 2019
Separately managed1	$	279		$	23		$	(9	)	$	3		$	296
Unified managed2	257			23			(20		)	32			292
Advisor	137			14			(17		)	15			149
Portfolio manager	353			38			(27		)	36			400
Subtotal	$	1,026		$	98		$	(73	)	$	86		$	1,137
Cash management	20			7			(9		)	4			22
Total fee-based client assets	$	1,046		$	105		$	(82	)	$	90		$	1,159

$ in billions	At December 31, 2017			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			At June 30, 2018
Separately managed1	$	252		$	18		$	(10	)	$	7		$	267
Unified managed2	271			26			(18		)	—			279
Advisor	149			16			(16		)	—			149
Portfolio manager	353			39			(22		)	(3		)	367
Subtotal	$	1,025		$	99		$	(66	)	$	4		$	1,062
Cash management	20			11			(9		)	—			22
Total fee-based client assets	$	1,045		$	110		$	(75	)	$	4		$	1,084

 

Average Fee Rates³ 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Fee rate in bps	2019		2018		2019		2018
Separately managed	15		16		15		16
Unified managed2	100		99		101		99
Advisor	87		84		87		85
Portfolio manager	94		96		95		96
Subtotal	75		77		74		76
Cash management	6		6		6		6
Total fee-based client assets	74		75		73		75

1.	Includes non-custody account values reflecting prior quarter-end balances due to a lag in the reporting of asset values by third-party custodians.

2.	Includes Mutual fund advisory accounts. Prior periods have been recast to conform to the current presentation.

3.	The calculation of average fee rates was changed in the current year period to more closely align with the recognition of the related fee revenue. Prior period rates were not changed due to immateriality.

For a description of fee-based client assets and rollforward items in the previous tables, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Business Segments—Wealth Management—Fee-Based Client Assets” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

	15	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Investment Management

Income Statement Information

	Three Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues
Investment banking	$	(1	)	$	—		N/M
Trading	(1		)	$	16		(106	)%
Investments	247			55			N/M
Asset management	612			610			—	%
Other	(9		)	3			N/M
Total non-interest revenues	848			684			24	%
Interest income	6			17			(65	)%
Interest expense	15			10			50	%
Net interest	(9		)	7			N/M
Net revenues	839			691			21	%
Compensation and benefits	360			272			32	%
Non-compensation expenses	280			279			—	%
Total non-interest expenses	640			551			16	%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	199		$	140		42	%
Provision for income taxes	44			36			22	%
Net income	155			104			49	%
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	27			—			N/M
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	128		$	104		23	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues
Investment banking	$	(1	)	$	—		N/M
Trading	(4		)	$	21		(119	)%
Investments	438			132			N/M
Asset management	1,229			1,236			(1	)%
Other	(6		)	13			(146	)%
Total non-interest revenues	1,656			1,402			18	%
Interest income	10			18			(44	)%
Interest expense	23			11			109	%
Net interest	(13		)	7			N/M
Net revenues	1,643			1,409			17	%
Compensation and benefits	730			576			27	%
Non-compensation expenses	540			545			(1	)%
Total non-interest expenses	1,270			1,121			13	%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	373		$	288		30	%
Provision for income taxes	77			55			40	%
Net income	296			233			27	%
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	32			2			N/M
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	264		$	231		14	%

 

Net Revenues

Investments

Investments gains of $247 million in the current quarter and $438 million in the current year period compared with $55 million and $132 million, respectively, in the prior year periods. The increases in the current year periods reflect higher carried interest and investment gains in Asia private equity, infrastructure and real estate funds compared with the reversal of previously accrued carried interest in certain Asia private equity funds in the prior year periods.

Asset Management

Asset management revenues of $612 million in the current quarter and $1,229 million in the current year period were relatively unchanged from the prior year periods.

See “Assets Under Management or Supervision” herein.

Non-interest Expenses

Non-interest expenses of $640 million in the current quarter and $1,270 million in the current year period increased 16% and 13%, respectively, from the prior year periods primarily as a result of higher Compensation and benefits expenses.

 

•	Compensation and benefits expenses increased in the current quarter and current year period primarily due to higher deferred compensation associated with carried interest. In addition, the current year period reflects increases in the fair value of investments to which certain deferred compensation plans are referenced.

•	Non-compensation expenses in the current quarter and year period were relatively unchanged from prior year periods.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	16

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Assets Under Management or Supervision

Rollforwards

$ in billions	At March 31, 2019			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			Other			At June 30, 2019
Equity	$	120		$	9		$	(7	)	$	6		$	—		$	128
Fixed income	68			5			(4		)	2			—			71
Alternative/Other	133			7			(6		)	1			—			135
Long-term AUM subtotal	321			21			(17		)	9			—			334
Liquidity	159			311			(307		)	1			(1		)	163
Total AUM	$	480		$	332		$	(324	)	$	10		$	(1	)	$	497
Shares of minority stake assets	6															6

$ in billions	At March 31, 2018			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			Other			At June 30, 2018
Equity	$	109		$	10		$	(7	)	$	3		$	(1	)	$	114
Fixed income	72			7			(7		)	(1		)	(2		)	69
Alternative/Other	131			6			(4		)	1			(2		)	132
Long-term AUM subtotal	312			23			(18		)	3			(5		)	315
Liquidity	157			375			(373		)	1			(1		)	159
Total AUM	469			398			(391		)	4			(6		)	474
Shares of minority stake assets	7															7

$ in billions	At December 31, 2018			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			Other			At June 30, 2019
Equity	$	103		$	18		$	(15	)	$	22		$	—		$	128
Fixed income	68			11			(11		)	3			—			71
Alternative/Other	128			12			(10		)	6			(1		)	135
Long-term AUM subtotal	299			41			(36		)	31			(1		)	334
Liquidity	164			654			(655		)	2			(2		)	163
Total AUM	$	463		$	695		$	(691	)	$	33		$	(3	)	$	497
Shares of minority stake assets	7															6

$ in billions	At December 31, 2017			Inflows			Outflows			Market Impact			Other1			At June 30, 2018
Equity	$	105		$	20		$	(14	)	$	3		$	—		$	114
Fixed income	73			14			(16		)	(1		)	(1		)	69
Alternative/Other	128			11			(9		)	1			1			132
Long-term AUM subtotal	306			45			(39		)	3			—			315
Liquidity	176			700			(717		)	1			(1		)	159
Total AUM	482			745			(756		)	4			(1		)	474
Shares of minority stake assets	7															7

1.	Includes the impact of the Mesa West Capital, LLC acquisition.

 

Average AUM

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in billions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Equity	$	123		$	111		$	117		$	110
Fixed income	69			71			69			72
Alternative/Other	134			131			132			130
Long-term AUM subtotal	326			313			318			312
Liquidity	163			161			164			163
Total AUM	$	489		474			$	482		475
Shares of minority stake assets	6			7			6			7

Average Fee Rates

	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
Fee rate in bps	2019		2018	2019		2018
Equity	75		77	76		76
Fixed income	33		33	32		34
Alternative/Other	64		67	66		67
Long-term AUM	62		63	62		63
Liquidity	17		18	17		18
Total AUM	47		47	47		47

For a description of the asset classes and rollforward items in the previous tables, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Business Segments—Investment Management—Assets Under Management or Supervision” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

	17	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Supplemental Financial Information and

Disclosures

Income Tax Matters

Effective Tax Rate from Continuing Operations

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
U.S. GAAP	22.6		%	20.6		%	19.5		%	20.7		%
Adjusted effective income tax rate—non-GAAP1	22.6		%	23.4		%	21.3		%	22.1		%
Net discrete tax provisions/(benefits)
Recurring2	$	(20	)	$	(17	)	$	(127	)	$	(164	)
Intermittent3	$	—		$	(88	)	$	(101	)	$	(88	)

 

1.	Adjusted effective income tax rate is a non-GAAP measure that excludes net discrete tax provisions (benefits) that are intermittent and includes those that are recurring ("Recurring"). For further information on non-GAAP measures, see “Selected Non-GAAP Financial Information” herein.

2.	Provision or (benefits) related to conversion of employee share-based awards are expected to occur every year and are considered Recurring discrete tax items.

3.	Includes all tax provisions (benefits) that have been determined to be discrete, other than Recurring items as defined above.

The current year period, prior year quarter and prior year period include intermittent net discrete tax benefits primarily associated with the remeasurement of reserves and related interest due to new information with regard to multi-jurisdiction tax examinations.

U.S. Bank Subsidiaries

Our U.S. bank subsidiaries, Morgan Stanley Bank N.A. (“MSBNA”) and Morgan Stanley Private Bank, National Association (“MSPBNA”) (collectively, “U.S. Bank Subsidiaries”) accept deposit accounts, provide loans to a variety of customers, from large corporate and institutional clients to high net worth individuals, and invest in securities. The lending activities in the Institutional Securities business segment primarily include loans and lending commitments to corporate clients. The lending activities in the Wealth Management business segment primarily include securities-based lending, which allows clients to borrow money against the value of qualifying securities, and residential real estate loans.

We expect our lending activities to continue to grow through further market penetration of our client base. For a further discussion of our credit risks, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Credit Risk.” For a further discussion about loans and lending commitments, see Notes 7 and 11 to the financial statements.

 

U.S. Bank Subsidiaries’ Supplemental Financial Information¹ 

$ in billions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Assets	$	205.9		$	216.9
Investment securities portfolio:
Investment securities—AFS	43.5			45.5
Investment securities—HTM	27.2			23.7
Total investment securities	$	70.7		$	69.2
Deposits2	$	175.8		$	187.1
Wealth Management Loans
Securities-based lending and other3	$	45.5		$	44.7
Residential real estate	28.6			27.5
Total	$	74.1		$	72.2
Institutional Securities Loans4
Corporate5:
Corporate relationship and event-driven lending	$	6.6		$	7.4
Secured lending facilities	22.2			17.5
Securities-based lending and other	6.2			6.0
Commercial and residential real estate	10.7			10.5
Total	$	45.7		$	41.4

1.	Amounts exclude transactions between the bank subsidiaries, as well as deposits from the Parent Company and affiliates.

2.	For further information on deposits, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Funding Management—Unsecured Financing” herein.

3.	Other loans primarily include tailored lending.

4.	Prior periods have been conformed to the current presentation.

5.	For a further discussion of corporate loans in the Institutional Securities business segment, see “Credit Risk—Institutional Securities Corporate Loans” herein.

Accounting Development Updates

The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued certain accounting updates that apply to us. Accounting updates not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or are not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

The following accounting update is currently being evaluated to determine the potential impact of adoption:

 

•

Financial Instruments–Credit Losses. This accounting update impacts the impairment model for certain financial assets measured at amortized cost by requiring a CECL methodology to estimate expected credit losses over the entire life of the financial asset, recorded at inception or purchase. CECL will replace the loss model currently applicable to loans held for investment, HTM securities and other receivables carried at amortized cost, such as employee loans.

The update also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment for AFS securities. Impairments on

June 2019 Form 10-Q	18

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

AFS securities will be required to be recognized in earnings through an allowance when the fair value is less than amortized cost and a credit loss exists or the securities are expected to be sold before recovery of amortized cost.

For certain portfolios we have determined that there are no expected credit losses, for example based on collateral arrangements for lending and financing transactions such as Securities borrowed, Securities purchased under agreements to resell and certain other portfolios. Also, we have a zero loss expectation for certain financial assets based on the credit quality of the borrower or issuer such as U.S. government and agency securities.

We expect the following portfolios to be primarily impacted: employee loans, commercial real estate, corporate and residential real estate. The models we expect to use for these portfolios upon adoption have been validated and approved for use, and during 2019 we are performing the CECL process quarterly in preparation for adoption on January 1, 2020. Based on preliminary analyses and estimates, we do not expect the increase in the allowance for credit losses, resulting from the adoption of this standard, will be significant to our financial statements. The ultimate impact will depend upon a number of factors, including macroeconomic conditions, forecasts, and our portfolios at the adoption date.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions (see Note 1 to the financial statements). We believe that of our significant accounting policies (see Note 2 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K and Note 2 to the financial statements), the fair value, goodwill and intangible assets, legal and regulatory contingencies and income taxes policies involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity. For a further discussion about our critical accounting policies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Senior management, with oversight by the Asset/Liability Management Committee and the Board of Directors (“Board”), establishes and maintains our liquidity and capital policies. Through various risk and control committees, senior management reviews business performance relative to these policies, monitors the availability of alternative sources of financing, and oversees the liquidity, interest rate and currency sensitivity of our asset and liability position. Our Treasury department, Firm Risk Committee, Asset/Liability Management Committee, and other committees and control groups assist in evaluating, monitoring and controlling the impact that our business activities have on our balance sheet, liquidity and capital structure. Liquidity and capital matters are reported regularly to the Board and the Risk Committee of the Board.

Balance Sheet

We monitor and evaluate the composition and size of our balance sheet on a regular basis. Our balance sheet management process includes quarterly planning, business-specific thresholds, monitoring of business-specific usage versus key performance metrics and new business impact assessments.

We establish balance sheet thresholds at the consolidated and business segment levels. We monitor balance sheet utilization and review variances resulting from business activity and market fluctuations. On a regular basis, we review current performance versus established thresholds and assess the need to re-allocate our balance sheet based on business unit needs. We also monitor key metrics, including asset and liability size and capital usage.

Total Assets by Business Segment

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM			Total
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents1	$	69,135		$	10,394		$	51		$	79,580
Trading assets at fair value	284,145			57			2,763			286,965
Investment securities	33,281			69,785			—			103,066
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	78,623			6,775			—			85,398
Securities borrowed	133,340			240			—			133,580
Customer and other receivables	37,348			15,406			627			53,381
Loans, net of allowance2	46,822			74,074			5			120,901
Other assets3	14,054			13,080			1,954			29,088
Total assets	$	696,748		$	189,811		$	5,400		$	891,959

   

	19	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM			Total
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents1	$	69,526		$	17,621		$	49		$	87,196
Trading assets at fair value	263,870			60			2,369			266,299
Investment securities	23,273			68,559			—			91,832
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	80,660			17,862			—			98,522
Securities borrowed	116,207			106			—			116,313
Customer and other receivables	35,777			16,865			656			53,298
Loans, net of allowance2	43,380			72,194			5			115,579
Other assets3	13,734			9,125			1,633			24,492
Total assets	$	646,427		$	202,392		$	4,712		$	853,531

IS—Institutional Securities

WM—Wealth Management

IM—Investment Management

1.	Cash and cash equivalents includes Cash and due from banks, Interest bearing deposits with banks and Restricted cash.

2.	Amounts include loans held for investment (net of allowance) and loans held for sale but exclude loans at fair value, which are included in Trading assets in the balance sheets (see Note 7 to the financial statements).

3.	Other assets primarily includes Goodwill, Intangible assets, premises, equipment, software, other investments, ROU assets related to leases and deferred tax assets.

A substantial portion of total assets consists of liquid marketable securities and short-term receivables arising principally from sales and trading activities in the Institutional Securities business segment. Total assets increased to $892 billion at June 30, 2019 from $854 billion at December 31, 2018, primarily due to increases in the Institutional Securities business segment, with higher Trading assets, primarily U.S. Treasuries, and higher Securities borrowed as a result of higher period-end client balances within Equity Financing. These increases were partially offset by lower Securities purchased under agreements to resell within the Wealth Management business segment as a result of lower Deposits.

Liquidity Risk Management Framework

The core components of our Liquidity Risk Management Framework are the Required Liquidity Framework, Liquidity Stress Tests and the GLR, which support our target liquidity profile. For a further discussion about the Firm’s Required Liquidity Framework and Liquidity Stress Tests, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity Risk Management Framework” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we maintained sufficient liquidity to meet current and contingent funding obligations as modeled in our Liquidity Stress Tests.

 

Global Liquidity Reserve

We maintain sufficient liquidity reserves to cover daily funding needs and to meet strategic liquidity targets sized by the Required Liquidity Framework and Liquidity Stress Tests. For a further discussion of our GLR, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity Risk Management Framework—Global Liquidity Reserve” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

GLR by Type of Investment

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Cash deposits with banks1	$	10,195		$	10,441
Cash deposits with central banks1	33,694			36,109
Unencumbered highly liquid securities:
U.S. government obligations	99,639			119,138
U.S. agency and agency mortgage-backed securities	44,051			41,473
Non-U.S. sovereign obligations2	31,072			39,869
Other investment grade securities	3,141			2,705
Total	$	221,792		$	249,735

1.	Included in Cash and due from banks and Interest bearing deposits with banks in the balance sheets.

2.	Primarily composed of unencumbered Japanese, U.K., French, German and Brazilian government obligations.

GLR Managed by Bank and Non-Bank Legal Entities

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018			Average Daily Balance Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Bank legal entities
Domestic	$	72,760		$	88,809		$	74,661
Foreign	5,304			4,896			4,727
Total Bank legal entities	78,064			93,705			79,388
Non-Bank legal entities
Domestic:
Parent Company	53,143			64,262			53,725
Non-Parent Company	36,048			40,936			42,703
Total Domestic	89,191			105,198			96,428
Foreign	54,537			50,832			53,142
Total Non-Bank legal entities	143,728			156,030			149,570
Total	$	221,792		$	249,735		$	228,958

  

GLR may fluctuate from period to period based on the overall size and composition of our balance sheet, the maturity profile of our unsecured debt and estimates of funding needs in a stressed environment, among other factors.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	20

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Regulatory Liquidity Framework

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

We and our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries are subject to LCR requirements, including a requirement to calculate each entity’s LCR on each business day. The requirements are designed to ensure that banking organizations have sufficient HQLA to cover net cash outflows arising from significant stress over 30 calendar days, thus promoting the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profile of banking organizations.

The regulatory definition of HQLA is substantially the same as our GLR, with the primary difference being the treatment of certain cash balances and unencumbered securities.

Based on our daily calculations, we and our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries are compliant with the minimum required LCR of 100%.

HQLA by Type of Asset and LCR

	Average Daily Balance Three Months Ended
$ in millions	June 30, 2019			March 31, 2019
HQLA
Cash deposits with central banks	$	32,552		$	37,070
Securities1	141,613			155,713
Total	$	174,165		$	192,783
LCR	154		%	150		%

 

1.	Primarily includes U.S. Treasuries, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, sovereign bonds and investment grade corporate bonds.

The increase in the LCR in the current quarter is primarily due to higher inflows from Securities borrowed and certain securities-for-securities transactions, partially offset by a decrease in HQLA.

Net Stable Funding Ratio

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“Basel Committee”) has previously finalized the NSFR framework. In May 2016, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposal to implement the NSFR in the U.S.; however, a final rule has not yet been issued. For an additional discussion of the NSFR, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Liquidity Framework—Net Stable Funding Ratio” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Funding Management

We manage our funding in a manner that reduces the risk of disruption to our operations. We pursue a strategy of diversification of secured and unsecured funding sources (by product, investor and region) and attempt to ensure that the tenor of our liabilities equals or exceeds the expected holding period of the assets being financed.

 

We fund our balance sheet on a global basis through diverse sources. These sources include our equity capital, borrowings, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities lending, deposits, letters of credit and lines of credit. We have active financing programs for both standard and structured products targeting global investors and currencies.

 

Secured Financing

For a discussion of our secured financing activities, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Funding Management—Secured Financing” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Collateralized Financing Transactions

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities borrowed	$	218,978		$	214,835
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Securities loaned	$	72,619		$	61,667
Securities received as collateral1	$	7,208		$	7,668

	Average Daily Balance Three Months Ended
$ in millions	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities borrowed	$	221,939		$	213,974
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Securities loaned	$	66,610		$	57,677

 

1.	Securities received as collateral are included in Trading assets in the balance sheets.

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K and Note 6 to the financial statements for more details on collateralized financing transactions.

In addition to the collateralized financing transactions shown in the previous table, we engage in financing transactions collateralized by customer-owned securities, which are segregated in accordance with regulatory requirements. Receivables under these financing transactions, primarily margin loans, are included in Customer and other receivables in the balance sheets, and payables under these financing transactions, primarily to prime brokerage customers, are included in Customer and other payables in the balance sheets. Our risk exposure on these transactions is mitigated by collateral maintenance policies that limit our credit exposure to customers and liquidity reserves held against this risk exposure.

Unsecured Financing

For a discussion of our unsecured financing activities, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital

	21	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Resources—Funding Management—Unsecured Financing” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Deposits

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Savings and demand deposits:
Brokerage sweep deposits1	$	117,252		$	141,255
Savings and other	20,762			13,642
Total Savings and demand deposits	138,014			154,897
Time deposits	38,579			32,923
Total	$	176,593		$	187,820

 

1.	Amounts represent balances swept from client brokerage accounts.

Deposits are primarily sourced from our Wealth Management clients and are considered to have stable, low-cost funding characteristics. Total deposits at June 30, 2019 decreased compared with December 31, 2018, primarily driven by a reduction in Brokerage sweep deposits due to client redeployment of cash into investments and seasonal client tax payments, partially offset by higher savings and time deposits.

Borrowings by Remaining Maturity at June 30, 2019¹ 

$ in millions	Parent Company			Subsidiaries			Total
Original maturities of one year or less	$	—		$	1,776		$	1,776
Original maturities greater than one year
2019	$	10,692		$	3,015		$	13,707
2020	15,804			4,386			20,190
2021	21,533			4,048			25,581
2022	16,157			2,875			19,032
2023	11,820			2,769			14,589
Thereafter	80,421			22,552			102,973
Total	$	156,427		$	39,645		$	196,072
Total Borrowings	$	156,427		$	41,421		$	197,848
Maturities over next 12 months2							26,621

  

1.	Original maturity in the table is generally based on contractual final maturity. For borrowings with put options, remaining maturity represents the earliest put date.

2.	Includes only borrowings with original maturities greater than one year.

Borrowings of $197,848 million as of June 30, 2019 increased modestly when compared with $189,662 million at December 31, 2018.

We believe that accessing debt investors through multiple distribution channels helps provide consistent access to the unsecured markets. In addition, the issuance of borrowings with original maturities greater than one year allows us to reduce reliance on short-term credit sensitive instruments. Borrowings with original maturities greater than one year are generally managed to achieve staggered maturities, thereby mitigating refinancing risk, and to maximize investor diversification through sales to global institutional and retail clients across regions, currencies and product types.

 

The availability and cost of financing to us can vary depending on market conditions, the volume of certain trading and lending activities, our credit ratings and the overall availability of credit. We also engage in, and may continue to engage in, repurchases of our borrowings in the ordinary course of business.

For further information on Borrowings, see Note 10 to the financial statements.

Credit Ratings

We rely on external sources to finance a significant portion of our daily operations. The cost and availability of financing generally are impacted by our credit ratings, among other things. In addition, our credit ratings can have an impact on certain trading revenues, particularly in those businesses where longer-term counterparty performance is a key consideration, such as OTC derivative transactions, including credit derivatives and interest rate swaps. When determining credit ratings, rating agencies consider company-specific factors, other industry factors such as regulatory or legislative changes and the macroeconomic environment, among other things.

Our credit ratings do not include any uplift from perceived government support from any rating agency given the significant progress of U.S. financial reform legislation and regulations. Some rating agencies have stated that they currently incorporate various degrees of credit rating uplift from non-governmental third-party sources of potential support.

Parent Company and U.S. Bank Subsidiaries' Senior Unsecured Ratings at July 31, 2019

	Parent Company
	Short-Term Debt	Long-Term Debt	Rating Outlook
DBRS, Inc.	R-1 (middle)	A (high)	Stable
Fitch Ratings, Inc.	F1	A	Stable
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.	P-2	A3	Stable
Rating and Investment Information, Inc.	a-1	A-	Positive
S&P Global Ratings	A-2	BBB+	Stable

	MSBNA
	Short-Term Debt	Long-Term Debt	Rating Outlook
Fitch Ratings, Inc.	F1	A+	Stable
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.	P-1	A1	Stable
S&P Global Ratings	A-1	A+	Stable

	MSPBNA
	Short-Term Debt	Long-Term Debt	Rating Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.	P-1	A1	Stable
S&P Global Ratings	A-1	A+	Stable

June 2019 Form 10-Q	22

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Incremental Collateral or Terminating Payments

In connection with certain OTC derivatives and certain other agreements where we are a liquidity provider to certain financing vehicles associated with the Institutional Securities business segment, we may be required to provide additional collateral, immediately settle any outstanding liability balances with certain counterparties or pledge additional collateral to certain clearing organizations in the event of a future credit rating downgrade irrespective of whether we are in a net asset or net liability position. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional information on OTC derivatives that contain such contingent features.

While certain aspects of a credit rating downgrade are quantifiable pursuant to contractual provisions, the impact it would have on our business and results of operations in future periods is inherently uncertain and would depend on a number of interrelated factors, including, among other things, the magnitude of the downgrade, the rating relative to peers, the rating assigned by the relevant agency pre-downgrade, individual client behavior and future mitigating actions we might take. The liquidity impact of additional collateral requirements is included in our Liquidity Stress Tests.

Capital Management

We view capital as an important source of financial strength and actively manage our consolidated capital position based upon, among other things, business opportunities, risks, capital availability and rates of return together with internal capital policies, regulatory requirements and rating agency guidelines. In the future, we may expand or contract our capital base to address the changing needs of our businesses.

Common Stock Repurchases

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
in millions, except for per share data	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of shares	26			24			54			46
Average price per share	$	44.53		$	52.43		$	43.33		$	54.15
Total	$	1,180		$	1,250		$	2,360		$	2,500

From time to time we repurchase our outstanding common stock as part of our Share Repurchase Program. A portion of common stock repurchases in the current quarter and current year period was conducted under a sales plan with Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. For further information on the sales plan, see Note 14 to the financial statements. For a description of our Share Repurchase Program, see “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.”

For a description of our capital plan, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Capital Plans and Stress Tests.”

 

Common Stock Dividend Announcement

Announcement date	July 18, 2019
Amount per share		$0.35
Date to be paid	August 15, 2019
Shareholders of record as of	July 31, 2019

  

Preferred Stock Dividend Announcement

Announcement date	June 17, 2019
Date paid	July 15, 2019
Shareholders of record as of	June 28, 2019

For additional information on common and preferred stock, see Note 14 to the financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements, including through unconsolidated SPEs and lending-related financial instruments (e.g., guarantees and commitments), primarily in connection with the Institutional Securities and Investment Management business segments.

We utilize SPEs primarily in connection with securitization activities. For information on our securitization activities, see Note 12 to the financial statements.

For information on our commitments, obligations under certain guarantee arrangements and indemnities, see Note 11 to the financial statements. For further information on our lending commitments, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Credit Risk—Loans and Lending Commitments.”

 

Contractual Obligations

For a discussion about our contractual obligations, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Contractual Obligations” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

	23	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Regulatory Requirements

Regulatory Capital Framework

We are an FHC under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHC Act”), and are subject to the regulation and oversight of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements for us, including “well-capitalized” standards, and evaluates our compliance with such capital requirements. The OCC establishes similar capital requirements and standards for our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries. For us to remain an FHC, we must remain well-capitalized in accordance with standards established by the Federal Reserve and our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries must remain well-capitalized in accordance with standards established by the OCC. For additional information on regulatory capital requirements for our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries, see Note 13 to the financial statements.

Regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve are largely based on the Basel III capital standards established by the Basel Committee and also implement certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”).

Regulatory Capital Requirements

We are required to maintain minimum risk-based capital, leverage-based capital and total loss-absorbing capacity (“TLAC”) ratios. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Capital Requirements” in the 2018 Form 10-K. For additional information on TLAC, see Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity herein.

Risk-Based Regulatory Capital. Minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements apply to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital (which includes Tier 2 capital). Capital standards require certain adjustments to, and deductions from, capital for purposes of determining these ratios.

 

In addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements, we are subject to the following buffers in 2019:

 

•	A greater than 2.5% Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer;

•	The Common Equity Tier 1 G-SIB capital surcharge, currently at 3%; and

•	Up to a 2.5% Common Equity Tier 1 CCyB, currently set by U.S. banking agencies at zero.

In 2018, each of these buffers was 75% of the fully phased-in 2019 requirement noted above. Failure to maintain the buffers would result in restrictions on our ability to make capital distributions, including the payment of dividends and the repurchase of stock, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. For a further discussion of the G-SIB capital surcharge, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—G-SIB Capital Surcharge” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Our risk-based capital ratios for purposes of determining regulatory compliance are the lower of the capital ratios computed under (i) the standardized approaches for calculating credit risk and market risk RWA (“Standardized Approach”) and (ii) the applicable advanced approaches for calculating credit risk, market risk and operational risk RWA (“Advanced Approach”). The credit risk RWA calculations between the two approaches differ in that the Standardized Approach requires calculation of RWA using prescribed risk weights, whereas the Advanced Approach utilizes models to calculate exposure amounts and risk weights. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our ratios for determining regulatory compliance are based on the Standardized Approach rules.

Leverage-Based Regulatory Capital. Minimum leverage-based capital requirements include a Tier 1 leverage ratio and an SLR. We are required to maintain a Tier 1 SLR of 5%, inclusive of an enhanced SLR capital buffer of at least 2% in order to avoid potential limitations on capital distributions, including dividends and stock repurchases, and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	24

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Regulatory Capital Ratios 

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Standardized			Advanced
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital			$	64,011		$	64,011
Tier 1 capital			72,742			72,742
Total capital			82,322			82,059
Total RWA			391,509			384,005
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio	10.0	%	16.3		%	16.7		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	11.5	%	18.6		%	18.9		%
Total capital ratio	13.5	%	21.0		%	21.4		%
Leverage-based capital
Adjusted average assets2			$	868,494		N/A-
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.0	%	8.4		%	N/A-
Supplementary leverage exposure3			N/A-			$	1,124,645
SLR	5.0	%	N/A-			6.5		%

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Standardized			Advanced
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital			$	62,086		$	62,086
Tier 1 capital			70,619			70,619
Total capital			80,052			79,814
Total RWA			367,309			363,054
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio	8.6	%	16.9		%	17.1		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	10.1	%	19.2		%	19.5		%
Total capital ratio	12.1	%	21.8		%	22.0		%
Leverage-based capital
Adjusted average assets2			$	843,074		N/A-
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.0	%	8.4		%	N/A-
Supplementary leverage exposure3			N/A-			$	1,092,672
SLR	5.0	%	N/A-			6.5		%

 

1.	Required ratios are inclusive of any buffers applicable as of the date presented. For 2018, the minimum required regulatory capital ratios for risk-based capital are under the transitional rules.

2.

Adjusted average assets represents the denominator of the Tier 1 leverage ratio and is composed of the average daily balance of consolidated on-balance sheet assets during the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, reduced by disallowed goodwill, intangible assets, investments in covered funds, defined benefit pension plan assets, after-tax gain on sale from assets sold into securitizations, investments in our own capital instruments, certain deferred tax assets and other capital deductions.

3.

Supplementary leverage exposure is the sum of Adjusted average assets used in the Tier 1 leverage ratio and other adjustments, primarily (i) for derivatives: potential future exposure and the effective notional principal amount of sold credit protection offset by qualifying purchased credit protection; (ii) the counterparty credit risk for repo-style transactions; and (iii) the credit equivalent amount for off-balance sheet exposures.

 

Regulatory Capital

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018			Change
Common Equity Tier 1 capital
Common stock and surplus	$	7,667		$	9,843		$	(2,176	)
Retained earnings	67,588			64,175			3,413
AOCI	(2,051		)	(2,292		)	241
Regulatory adjustments and deductions:
Net goodwill	(7,122		)	(6,661		)	(461		)
Net intangible assets (other than goodwill and mortgage servicing assets)	(2,171		)	(2,158		)	(13		)
Other adjustments and deductions1	100			(821		)	921
Total Common Equity Tier 1 capital	$	64,011		$	62,086		$	1,925
Additional Tier 1 capital
Preferred stock	$	8,520		$	8,520		$	—
Noncontrolling interests	627			454			173
Additional Tier 1 capital	$	9,147		$	8,974		$	173
Deduction for investments in covered funds	(416		)	(441		)	25
Total Tier 1 capital	$	72,742		$	70,619		$	2,123
Standardized Tier 2 capital
Subordinated debt	$	8,948		$	8,923		$	25
Noncontrolling interests	148			107			41
Eligible allowance for credit losses	486			440			46
Other adjustments and deductions	(2		)	(37		)	35
Total Standardized Tier 2 capital	$	9,580		$	9,433		$	147
Total Standardized capital	$	82,322		$	80,052		$	2,270
Advanced Tier 2 capital
Subordinated debt	$	8,948		$	8,923		$	25
Noncontrolling interests	148			107			41
Eligible credit reserves	223			202			21
Other adjustments and deductions	(2		)	(37		)	35
Total Advanced Tier 2 capital	$	9,317		$	9,195		$	122
Total Advanced capital	$	82,059		$	79,814		$	2,245

 

1.	Other adjustments and deductions used in the calculation of Common Equity Tier 1 capital primarily includes net after-tax DVA, the credit spread premium over risk-free rate for derivative liabilities, defined benefit pension plan assets, after-tax gain on sale from assets sold into securitizations, investments in our own capital instruments and certain deferred tax assets.

	25	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

RWA Rollforward¹ 

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Standardized			Advanced
Credit risk RWA
Beginning balance	$	305,531		$	190,595
Change related to the following items:
Derivatives	5,621			10,960
Securities financing transactions	10,650			2,338
Securitizations	1,890			2,309
Investment securities	1,812			3,831
Commitments, guarantees and loans	5,916			11,836
Cash	(380		)	(193		)
Equity investments	1,082			1,138
Other credit risk2	4,438			4,716
Total change in credit risk RWA	$	31,029		$	36,935
Ending balance	$	336,560		$	227,530
Market risk RWA
Beginning balance	$	61,778		$	61,857
Change related to the following items:
Regulatory VaR	(249		)	(249		)
Regulatory stressed VaR	(5,225		)	(5,225		)
Incremental risk charge	(3,454		)	(3,454		)
Comprehensive risk measure	34			(34		)
Specific risk:
Non-securitizations	2,554			2,554
Securitizations	(489		)	(489		)
Total change in market risk RWA	$	(6,829	)	$	(6,897	)
Ending balance	$	54,949		$	54,960
Operational risk RWA
Beginning balance	N/A			$	110,602
Change in operational risk RWA	N/A			(9,087		)
Ending balance	N/A			$	101,515
Total RWA at June 30, 2019	$	391,509		$	384,005

 

Regulatory VaR—VaR for regulatory capital requirements

1.	The RWA for each category reflects both on- and off-balance sheet exposures, where appropriate.

2.	Amount reflects assets not in a defined category, non-material portfolios of exposures and unsettled transactions, as applicable.

Credit risk RWA increased in the current year period under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches primarily due to increased exposures in Securities financing transactions, lending commitments and Derivatives, as well as an increase in Other credit risk driven by the Firm’s adoption of the Leases accounting update on January 1, 2019. Under the Advanced Approach, the increased Derivatives exposure also led to increased RWA related to CVA.

Market risk RWA decreased in the current year period under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches primarily due to a decrease in Stressed VaR driven by reduced equity and interest rate risk, and also a decrease in Incremental risk charge mainly as a result of improved alignment of hedges in credit products.

 

The decrease in operational risk RWA under the Advanced Approach in the current year period reflects a continued reduction in the magnitude and frequency of internal losses utilized in the operational risk capital model related to litigation.

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity. The Federal Reserve has established external TLAC, long-term debt (“LTD”) and clean holding company requirements for top-tier BHCs of U.S. G-SIBs (“covered BHCs”), including the Parent Company. These requirements include various restrictions, such as requiring eligible LTD to be issued by the covered BHC and be unsecured, have a maturity of one year or more from the date of issuance and not have certain derivative-linked features typically associated with certain types of structured notes. A covered BHC is required to maintain minimum levels of external TLAC and eligible LTD, as well as certain TLAC buffer requirements. Failure to maintain the TLAC buffers would result in restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

Required and Actual TLAC and Eligible LTD Ratios

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Actual Amount/Ratio
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity
External TLAC2			$	199,569
External TLAC as a % of RWA	21.5	%	51.0		%
External TLAC as a % of leverage exposure	9.5	%	17.7		%
Eligible LTD3			$	119,138
Eligible LTD as a % of RWA	9.0	%	30.4		%
Eligible LTD as a % of leverage exposure	4.5	%	10.6		%

 

1.	Required ratios are inclusive of applicable buffers.

2.	External TLAC consists of Common Equity Tier 1 capital and Additional Tier 1 capital (each excluding any noncontrolling minority interests), as well as eligible LTD.

3.	Consists of TLAC-eligible LTD reduced by 50% for amounts of unpaid principal due to be paid in more than one year but less than two years from June 30, 2019.

For a further discussion of TLAC and related requirements, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Regulatory Capital Requirements” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	26

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Capital Plans and Stress Tests

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the Federal Reserve has adopted capital planning and stress test requirements for large BHCs, including us, which form part of the Federal Reserve’s annual CCAR framework.

We submitted our 2019 Capital Plan (“Capital Plan”) and company-run stress test results to the Federal Reserve on April 5, 2019. On June 21, 2019, the Federal Reserve published summary results of the Dodd-Frank Act supervisory stress tests of each large BHC, including us. On June 27, 2019, the Federal Reserve published summary results of CCAR and announced it did not object to our 2019 Capital Plan. Our 2019 Capital Plan includes the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of outstanding common stock for the period beginning July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020, and an increase in our quarterly common stock dividend to $0.35 per share from $0.30 per share, beginning with the common stock dividend announced on July 18, 2019. We disclosed a summary of the results of our company-run stress tests on June 21, 2019 on our Investor Relations website. In addition, we must submit the results of our mid-cycle company-run stress test to the Federal Reserve by October 5, 2019 and disclose a summary of the results within 30 days of the submission date.

For a further discussion of our capital plans and stress tests, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Capital Plans and Stress Tests” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Attribution of Average Common Equity According to the Required Capital Framework

Our required capital (“Required Capital”) estimation is based on the Required Capital framework, an internal capital adequacy measure. Common equity attribution to the business segments is based on capital usage calculated under the Required Capital framework, as well as each business segment’s relative contribution to our total Required Capital.

The Required Capital framework is a risk-based and leverage use-of-capital measure, which is compared with our regulatory capital to ensure that we maintain an amount of going concern capital after absorbing potential losses from stress events, where applicable, at a point in time. The amount of capital allocated to the business segments is generally set at the beginning of each year and remains fixed throughout the year until the next annual reset unless a significant business change occurs (e.g., acquisition or disposition). We define the difference between our total average common equity and the sum of the average common equity amounts allocated to our business segments as Parent common equity. We generally hold Parent common equity for prospective regulatory requirements, organic growth, acquisitions and other capital needs.

 

The Required Capital framework is expected to evolve over time in response to changes in the business and regulatory environment, for example, to incorporate changes in stress testing or enhancements to modeling techniques. We will continue to evaluate the framework with respect to the impact of future regulatory requirements, as appropriate.

Average Common Equity Attribution¹ 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in billions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Institutional Securities	$	40.4		$	40.8		$	40.4		$	40.8
Wealth Management	18.2			16.8			18.2			16.8
Investment Management	2.5			2.6			2.5			2.6
Parent	11.5			9.7			11.0			9.2
Total	$	72.6		$	69.9		$	72.1		$	69.4

 

1.	The attribution of average common equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Selected Non-GAAP Financial Information” herein.

Resolution and Recovery Planning

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, we are required to periodically submit to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC a resolution plan that describes our strategy for a rapid and orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the event of our material financial distress or failure. We submitted our 2019 resolution plan on June 28, 2019.

Our preferred resolution strategy is an SPOE strategy. In line with our SPOE strategy, the Parent Company has transferred, and has agreed to transfer on an ongoing basis, certain assets to its wholly owned, direct subsidiary MS Holdings LLC (the “Funding IHC”). In addition, the Parent Company has entered into an amended and restated support agreement with its material entities (including the Funding IHC) and certain other subsidiaries. In the event of a resolution scenario, the Parent Company would be obligated to contribute all of its contributable material assets, other than shares in subsidiaries of the Parent Company and certain other assets, to the Funding IHC. The Funding IHC would then be obligated to provide capital and liquidity, as applicable, to our material entities.

The obligations of the Parent Company and the Funding IHC under the amended and restated support agreement are in most cases secured on a senior basis by the assets of the Parent Company (other than shares in subsidiaries of the Parent Company), and the assets of the Funding IHC. As a result, claims of our material entities, including the Funding IHC, against the assets of the Parent Company (other than shares in subsidiaries of the Parent Company) are effectively senior to unsecured obligations of the Parent Company.

For more information about resolution and recovery planning requirements and our activities in these areas, including the implications of such activities in a resolution scenario, see “Business—Supervision and Regulation—Financial Holding Company—Resolution and Recovery Planning” and “Risk

	27	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Factors—Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Regulatory Developments

Final Rule on Security-Based Swap Capital, Margin and Segregation Requirements

The SEC has adopted capital, margin and segregation requirements for security-based swap dealers and amendments to capital and segregation requirements for certain broker-dealers. We expect to register one or more subsidiaries in the future as security-based swap dealers. The compliance date for these security-based swap dealer requirements and broker-dealer amendments is expected to be no earlier than 2021.

Final Rules on Retail Investor Protections

The SEC has released a package of final rules and interpretations relating to the provision of advice by broker-dealers and investment advisers. The package includes new rules on the standards of conduct and required disclosures for broker-dealers when making securities-related recommendations to retail investors, and a new formal interpretation of the fiduciary duty owed by investment advisers. One of the final rules, entitled “Regulation Best Interest,” requires broker-dealers to act in the “best interest” of retail customers at the time a recommendation is made without placing the financial or other interests of the broker-dealer ahead of the interest of the retail customer. Another new rule requires that both broker-dealers and investment advisers provide to retail investors a brief summary document containing information about the relationship between the parties (“Form CRS”). The compliance date for Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS is June 30, 2020.

Proposed Revisions to the Regulatory Capital Treatment for Investments in Certain Unsecured Debt Instruments Issued by G-SIBs

The Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC have issued a proposed rule that would, among other things, modify the regulatory capital framework for Advanced Approach banking organizations, including us. Such firms would be required to make certain deductions from regulatory capital for their investments in certain unsecured debt instruments (including eligible LTD in the TLAC framework) issued by the Parent Company and other G-SIBs.

Proposed Revisions to Resolution Planning Requirements

The Federal Reserve and the FDIC have issued a proposed rule that would change our resolution planning obligations under the Dodd-Frank Act. The proposed rule would require us to file resolution plans once every two years and would allow us to alternate between submitting a full, detailed resolution plan and a streamlined, targeted resolution plan. The proposed rule

 

also makes certain changes to the information required to be included in our resolution plan.

For a discussion of other regulatory developments, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Regulatory Developments” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Other Matters

U.K. Withdrawal from the E.U.

Following the U.K. electorate vote to leave the E.U., the U.K. invoked Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty on March 29, 2017. This triggered a two-year period during which the U.K. government negotiated a form of withdrawal agreement with the E.U., which still must be ratified by the U.K. Parliament in order to be effective. Regardless of whether a withdrawal agreement is in place, the U.K. will leave the E.U. by October 31, 2019, unless the U.K. and the E.U. agree to a further extension or the U.K. revokes its Article 50 notification. The U.K. Parliament has rejected the withdrawal agreement on three occasions, and it remains unclear if sufficient changes are possible to enable U.K. Parliamentary support, though the new U.K. Prime Minister is continuing negotiations with the E.U. We have prepared the structure of our European operations for a range of potential outcomes, including for the possibility that the U.K. leaves the E.U. without ratifying a withdrawal agreement, and we expect to be able to continue to serve our clients and customers under each of these potential outcomes.

For more information on the U.K.’s withdrawal from the E.U., our related preparations and the potential impact on our operations, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Country Risk” herein, and see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Other Matters” and “Risk Factors— International Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	28

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Expected Replacement of London Interbank Offered Rate and Replacement or Reform of Other Interest Rates

Central banks around the world, including the Federal Reserve, have commissioned committees and working groups of market participants and official sector representatives with the goal of finding suitable replacements for LIBOR and replacements or reforms of other interest rate benchmarks, such as EURIBOR and EONIA (collectively, the “IBORs”). During the second quarter of 2019, we issued floating rate debt using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is the alternative rate to U.S. dollar LIBOR selected by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Our transition plan includes a number of key steps, including continued engagement with central bank and industry working groups and regulators (including participation and leadership on key committees), active client engagement, internal operational readiness, and risk management, among other things, to promote the transition to alternative reference rates.  We have established a firm-wide initiative to identify, assess and monitor risks associated with the expected discontinuation or unavailability of IBORs and/or reform of interest rate benchmarks. This includes taking steps to update operational processes (including to support alternative reference rates) and models, as well as evaluating legacy contracts for any changes that may be required, including the determination of applicable fallbacks.

For a further discussion of the expected replacement of the IBORs and/or reform of interest rate benchmarks, and the related risks and our transition plan, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Regulatory Requirements—Regulatory Developments” and “Risk Factors—Risk Management,” respectively, in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

	29	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk

Management believes effective risk management is vital to the success of our business activities. For a discussion of our risk management functions, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Risk Management” in the 2018 Form 10-K

Market Risk

Market risk refers to the risk that a change in the level of one or more market prices, rates, indices, volatilities, correlations or other market factors, such as market liquidity, will result in losses for a position or portfolio. Generally, we incur market risk as a result of trading, investing and client facilitation activities, principally within the Institutional Securities business segment where the substantial majority of our VaR for market risk exposures is generated. In addition, we incur market risk within the Wealth Management and Investment Management business segments. The Wealth Management business segment primarily incurs non-trading market risk from lending and deposit-taking activities. The Investment Management business segment primarily incurs non-trading market risk from capital investments in alternative and other funds. For a further discussion of market risk, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Market Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Trading Risks

Value-at-Risk. The statistical technique known as VaR is one of the tools we use to measure, monitor and review the market risk exposures of our trading portfolios. The Market Risk Department calculates and distributes daily VaR-based risk measures to various levels of management.

For information regarding our VaR methodology, assumptions and limitations, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Market Risk—Trading Risks— Value-at-Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

We utilize the same VaR model for risk management purposes and for regulatory capital calculations. Our regulators have approved our VaR model for use in regulatory calculations.

The portfolio of positions used for our VaR for risk management purposes (“Management VaR”) differs from that used for regulatory capital requirements (“Regulatory VaR”). Management VaR contains certain positions that are excluded from Regulatory VaR. Examples include counterparty CVA and related hedges, as well as loans that are carried at fair value and associated hedges.

The following table presents the Management VaR for the Trading portfolio. To further enhance the transparency of traded market risk, the Credit Portfolio VaR has been disclosed as a separate category from the Primary Risk Categories. The

 

Credit Portfolio includes counterparty CVA and related hedges, as well as loans that are carried at fair value and associated hedges.

95%/One-Day Management VaR

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Period End			Average			High2			Low2
Interest rate and credit spread	$	30		$	31		$	35		$	28
Equity price	14			16			20			13
Foreign exchange rate	15			16			19			14
Commodity price	13			10			13			9
Less: Diversification benefit1	(32		)	(32		)	N/A			N/A
Primary Risk Categories	$	40		$	41		$	44		$	37
Credit Portfolio	16			17			18			16
Less: Diversification benefit1	(10		)	(12		)	N/A			N/A
Total Management VaR	$	46		$	46		$	51		$	42

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
$ in millions	Period End			Average			High2			Low2
Interest rate and credit spread	$	32		$	32		$	39		$	26
Equity price	15			16			19			12
Foreign exchange rate	15			14			16			11
Commodity price	9			10			12			9
Less: Diversification benefit1	(32		)	(32		)	N/A			N/A
Primary Risk Categories	$	39		$	40		$	48		$	36
Credit Portfolio	17			16			18			14
Less: Diversification benefit1	(12		)	(10		)	N/A			N/A
Total Management VaR	$	44		$	46		$	55		$	42

 

1.	Diversification benefit equals the difference between the total Management VaR and the sum of the component VaRs. This benefit arises because the simulated one-day losses for each of the components occur on different days; similar diversification benefits also are taken into account within each component.

2.	The high and low VaR values for the total Management VaR and each of the component VaRs might have occurred on different days during the quarter, and therefore, the diversification benefit is not an applicable measure.

Average total Management VaR and average Management VaR for the Primary Risk Categories were relatively unchanged from the three-months ended March 31, 2019.

Distribution of VaR Statistics and Net Revenues

One method of evaluating the reasonableness of our VaR model as a measure of our potential volatility of net revenues is to compare VaR with corresponding actual trading revenues. Assuming no intraday trading, for a 95%/one-day VaR, the expected number of times that trading losses should exceed VaR during the year is 13, and, in general, if trading losses were to exceed VaR more than 21 times in a year, the adequacy of the VaR model would be questioned.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	30

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Risk Disclosures

We evaluate the reasonableness of our VaR model by comparing the potential declines in portfolio values generated by the model with corresponding actual trading results for the Firm, as well as individual business units. For days where losses exceed the VaR statistic, we examine the drivers of trading losses to evaluate the VaR model’s accuracy relative to realized trading results. There were four days with trading losses in the current quarter, none of which exceeded VaR.

Daily 95%/One-Day Total Management VaR for the Current Quarter¹ 

($ in millions)

1.	The average 95%/one-day total Management VaR for the current quarter was $46 million.

Daily Net Trading Revenues for the Current Quarter

($ in millions)

The previous histogram shows the distribution for the current quarter of daily net trading revenues. Daily net trading revenues include profits and losses from Interest rate and credit spread, Equity price, Foreign exchange rate, Commodity price, and Credit Portfolio positions and intraday trading activities for our trading businesses. Certain items such as fees, commissions

 

and net interest income are excluded from daily net trading revenues and the VaR model. Revenues required for Regulatory VaR backtesting further exclude intraday trading.

Non-Trading Risks

We believe that sensitivity analysis is an appropriate representation of our non-trading risks. The following sensitivity analyses cover substantially all of the non-trading risk in our portfolio.

Credit Spread Risk Sensitivity¹ 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At March 31, 2019
Derivatives	$	6		$	6
Funding liabilities2	40			37

 

1.	Amounts represent the potential gain for each 1 bps widening of our credit spread.

2.	Relates to structured note liabilities carried at fair value.

U.S. Bank Subsidiaries’ Net Interest Income Sensitivity Analysis

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At March 31, 2019
Basis point change
+100	$	273		$	274
-100	(722		)	(619		)

The previous table presents an analysis of selected instantaneous upward and downward parallel interest rate shocks on net interest income over the next 12 months for our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries. These shocks are applied to our 12-month forecast for our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries, which incorporates market expectations of interest rates and our forecasted business activity.

We do not manage to any single rate scenario but rather manage net interest income in our U.S. Bank Subsidiaries to optimize across a range of possible outcomes, including non-parallel rate change scenarios. The sensitivity analysis assumes that we take no action in response to these scenarios, assumes there are no changes in other macroeconomic variables normally correlated with changes in interest rates, and includes subjective assumptions regarding customer and market re-pricing behavior and other factors. The change in sensitivity to interest rates in the minus 100 basis point scenario between June 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019 is primarily driven by lower market rates, partially offset by the effect of changes in the mix of our assets and liabilities.

 

	31	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Risk Disclosures

Investments Sensitivity, Including Related Carried Interest

	Loss from 10% Decline
$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At March 31, 2019
Investments related to Investment Management activities	$	333		$	334
Other investments:
MUMSS	169			164
Other Firm investments	194			187

MUMSS—Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd.

We have exposure to public and private companies through direct investments, as well as through funds that invest in these assets. These investments are predominantly equity positions with long investment horizons, a portion of which is for business facilitation purposes. The market risk related to these investments is measured by estimating the potential reduction in net income associated with a 10% decline in investment values and related impact on carried interest.

Equity Market Sensitivity

In the Wealth Management and Investment Management business segments, certain fee-based revenue streams are driven by the value of clients’ equity holdings. The overall level of revenues for these streams also depends on multiple additional factors that include, but are not limited to, the level and duration of the equity market increase or decline, price volatility, the geographic and industry mix of client assets, the rate and magnitude of client investments and redemptions, and the impact of such market increase or decline and price volatility on client behavior. Therefore, overall revenues do not correlate completely with changes in the equity markets.

Credit Risk

Credit risk refers to the risk of loss arising when a borrower, counterparty or issuer does not meet its financial obligations to us. We primarily incur credit risk exposure to institutions and individuals through our Institutional Securities and Wealth Management business segments. For a further discussion of our credit risks, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Credit Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

Loans and Lending Commitments

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM1			Total
Corporate	$	23,970		$	16,308		$	5		$	40,283
Consumer	—			29,196			—			29,196
Residential real estate	—			28,595			—			28,595
Commercial real estate	7,336			—			—			7,336
Loans held for investment, gross of allowance	31,306			74,099			5			105,410
Allowance for loan losses	(219		)	(46		)	—			(265		)
Loans held for investment, net of allowance	31,087			74,053			5			105,145
Corporate	14,132			—			—			14,132
Residential real estate	—			21			—			21
Commercial real estate	1,603			—			—			1,603
Loans held for sale	15,735			21			—			15,756
Corporate	8,219			—			22			8,241
Residential real estate	1,274			—			—			1,274
Commercial real estate	1,541			—			—			1,541
Loans held at fair value	11,034			—			22			11,056
Total loans	57,856			74,074			27			131,957
Lending commitments2	114,012			12,310			—			126,322
Total loans and lending commitments2	$	171,868		$	86,384		$	27		$	258,279

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM1			Total
Corporate	$	20,020		$	16,884		$	5		$	36,909
Consumer	—			27,868			—			27,868
Residential real estate	—			27,466			—			27,466
Commercial real estate3	7,810			—			—			7,810
Loans held for investment, gross of allowance	27,830			72,218			5			100,053
Allowance for loan losses	(193		)	(45		)	—			(238		)
Loans held for investment, net of allowance	27,637			72,173			5			99,815
Corporate	13,886			—			—			13,886
Residential real estate	1			21			—			22
Commercial real estate3	1,856			—			—			1,856
Loans held for sale	15,743			21			—			15,764
Corporate	9,150			—			21			9,171
Residential real estate	1,153			—			—			1,153
Commercial real estate3	601			—			—			601
Loans held at fair value	10,904			—			21			10,925
Total loans	54,284			72,194			26			126,504
Lending commitments2	95,065			10,663			—			105,728
Total loans and lending commitments2	$	149,349		$	82,857		$	26		$	232,232

1.	Investment Management business segment loans are entered into in conjunction with certain investment advisory activities.

2.	Due to the nature of our obligations under the commitments, these amounts include certain commitments participated to third parties.

3.	Beginning in 2019, loans previously referred to as Wholesale real estate are referred to as Commercial real estate.

We provide loans and lending commitments to a variety of customers, from large corporate and institutional clients to high net worth individuals. In addition, we purchase loans in the secondary market. In the balance sheets, these loans and

June 2019 Form 10-Q	32

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Risk Disclosures

lending commitments are carried as held for investment, which are recorded at amortized cost; as held for sale, which are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value; or at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Loans held for investment and loans held for sale are classified in Loans, and loans held at fair value are classified in Trading assets in the balance sheets. Total loans and lending commitments increased by approximately $26 billion since December 31, 2018 primarily due to increases in event-driven lending commitments within the Institutional Securities business segment as well as growth in securities-based lending and residential real estate loans within the Wealth Management business segment.

Credit exposure arising from our loans and lending commitments is measured in accordance with our internal risk management standards. Risk factors considered in determining the aggregate allowance for loan and commitment losses include the borrower’s financial strength, industry, facility structure, loan-to-value ratio, debt service ratio, collateral and covenants. Qualitative and environmental factors such as economic and business conditions, nature and volume of the portfolio and lending terms, and volume and severity of past due loans may also be considered.

See Notes 3, 7 and 11 to the financial statements for further information.

Allowance for Loans and Lending Commitments Held for Investment

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Loans	$	265		$	238
Lending commitments	221			203
Total allowance for loans and lending commitments	$	486		$	441

The aggregate allowance for loans and lending commitments increased in the current year period primarily due to growth in loans and lending commitments within the Institutional Securities business segment. See Notes 7 and 11 to the financial statements for further information.

Status of Loans Held for Investment

	At June 30, 2019				At December 31, 2018
	IS		WM		IS		WM
Current	99.2	%	99.9	%	99.8	%	99.9	%
Nonaccrual1	0.8	%	0.1	%	0.2	%	0.1	%

 

1.	These loans are on nonaccrual status because the loans were past due for a period of 90 days or more or payment of principal or interest was in doubt.

 

Institutional Securities Loans and Lending Commitments¹ 

	At June 30, 2019
	Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Loans
AA	$	333		$	51		$	—		$	5		$	389
A	540			1,388			941			259			3,128
BBB	2,278			5,281			3,553			434			11,546
NIG	9,232			15,372			10,852			4,194			39,650
Unrated2	51			87			332			2,673			3,143
Total loans	12,434			22,179			15,678			7,565			57,856
Lending commitments
AAA	90			50			—			—			140
AA	2,262			1,382			2,420			—			6,064
A	3,432			5,814			9,482			628			19,356
BBB	17,659			13,294			20,052			192			51,197
NIG	4,408			10,983			15,305			6,484			37,180
Unrated2	—			14			51			10			75
Total lending commitments	27,851			31,537			47,310			7,314			114,012
Total exposure	$	40,285		$	53,716		$	62,988		$	14,879		$	171,868

	At December 31, 2018
	Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Loans
AA	$	7		$	430		$	—		$	19		$	456
A	565			1,580			858			267			3,270
BBB	3,775			4,697			4,251			495			13,218
NIG	7,151			12,882			9,313			5,889			35,235
Unrated2	88			95			160			1,762			2,105
Total loans	11,586			19,684			14,582			8,432			54,284
Lending commitments
AAA	90			75			—			—			165
AA	2,491			1,177			2,863			—			6,531
A	2,892			6,006			9,895			502			19,295
BBB	2,993			11,825			19,461			638			34,917
NIG	1,681			10,604			16,075			5,751			34,111
Unrated2	8			—			38			—			46
Total lending commitments	10,155			29,687			48,332			6,891			95,065
Total exposure	$	21,741		$	49,371		$	62,914		$	15,323		$	149,349

 

NIG–Non-investment grade

1.	Obligor credit ratings are internally determined by CRM.

2.	Unrated loans and lending commitments are primarily trading positions that are measured at fair value and risk managed as a component of market risk. For a further discussion of our market risk, see “Market Risk” herein.

	33	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Risk Disclosures

Institutional Securities Loans and Lending Commitments by Industry

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Industry
Financials	$	36,429		$	32,655
Real estate	28,036			24,133
Healthcare	24,696			10,158
Communications services	13,063			11,244
Industrials	12,826			13,701
Consumer discretionary	10,790			8,314
Energy	9,998			9,847
Utilities	9,294			9,856
Information technology	8,213			9,896
Consumer staples	7,413			7,921
Materials	5,740			5,969
Insurance	3,652			3,744
Other	1,718			1,911
Total	$	171,868		$	149,349

In connection with certain Institutional Securities business segment activities, we provide loans and lending commitments to a diverse group of corporate and other institutional clients. We also purchase a variety of loans in the secondary market. Our loans and lending commitments may have varying terms; may be senior or subordinated; may be secured or unsecured; are generally contingent upon representations, warranties and contractual conditions applicable to the borrower; and may be syndicated, traded or hedged by us.

We also participate in securitization activities, whereby we extend short- or long-term collateralized lines of credit and term loans with various types of collateral, including residential real estate, commercial real estate, corporate and financial assets. These collateralized loans and lending commitments generally provide for overcollateralization. Credit risk with respect respect to these loans and lending commitments arises from the failure of a borrower to perform according to the terms of the loan agreement or a decline in the underlying collateral value. The Firm monitors collateral levels against the requirements of lending agreements. See Note 12 to the financial statements for information about our securitization activities.

 

Institutional Securities Corporate Loans¹ 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Corporate relationship and event-driven lending2	$	13,395		$	13,317
Secured lending facilities3	24,919			21,408
Securities-based lending and other4	8,007			8,331
Total Corporate	$	46,321		$	43,056

 

1.	Amounts include loans held for investment, loans held for sale and loans measured at fair value. Loans at fair value are included in Trading assets in the balance sheets.

2.	Relationship and event-driven loans typically consist of revolving lines of credit, term loans and bridge loans. For additional information on event-driven loans, see “Institutional Securities Event-Driven Loans and Lending Commitments” herein.

3.	Secured lending facilities includes loans provided to clients to warehouse loans secured by underlying real estate and other assets.

4.	Securities-based lending and other includes financing extended to sales and trading customers and corporate loans purchased in the secondary market.

  

Institutional Securities Event-Driven Loans and Lending Commitments

	At June 30, 2019
	Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Loans	$	2,046		$	655		$	477		$	2,103		$	5,281
Lending commitments	17,128			2,545			2,684			4,631			26,988
Total loans and lending commitments	$	19,174		$	3,200		$	3,161		$	6,734		$	32,269

	At December 31, 2018
	Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Loans	$	2,582		$	287		$	656		$	1,618		$	5,143
Lending commitments	1,506			2,456			2,877			3,658			10,497
Total loans and lending commitments	$	4,088		$	2,743		$	3,533		$	5,276		$	15,640

Event-driven loans and lending commitments, which comprise a portion of corporate loans and lending commitments within the Institutional Securities business segment, are associated with a particular event or transaction, such as to support client merger, acquisition, recapitalization or project finance activities. Event-driven loans and lending commitments typically consist of revolving lines of credit, term loans and bridge loans. Amounts may fluctuate as they are transaction-specific, the timing and size of which can vary from period to period.

Wealth Management Loans and Lending Commitments

	At June 30, 2019
	Contractual Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Securities-based lending and other loans	$	39,077		$	2,910		$	2,391		$	1,103		$	45,481
Residential real estate loans	6			22			—			28,565			28,593
Total loans	$	39,083		$	2,932		$	2,391		$	29,668		$	74,074
Lending commitments	9,544			2,191			302			273			12,310
Total loans and lending commitments	$	48,627		$	5,123		$	2,693		$	29,941		$	86,384
Securities-based lending—LAL platform loans													$	34,852

June 2019 Form 10-Q	34

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Risk Disclosures

	At December 31, 2018
	Contractual Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Securities-based lending and other loans	$	38,144		$	3,573		$	2,004		$	1,006		$	44,727
Residential real estate loans	—			30			1			27,436			27,467
Total loans	$	38,144		$	3,603		$	2,005		$	28,442		$	72,194
Lending commitments	9,197			1,151			42			273			10,663
Total loans and lending commitments	$	47,341		$	4,754		$	2,047		$	28,715		$	82,857
Securities-based lending—LAL platform loans													$	33,247

 

The principal Wealth Management lending activities include securities-based lending and residential real estate loans.

Securities-based lending provided to our clients is primarily conducted through our Liquidity Access Line (“LAL”) platform. For more information about our securities-based lending and residential real estate loans, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Credit Risk—Wealth Management” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

For the current year period, Loans and Lending commitments associated with the Wealth Management business segment were relatively unchanged.

Customer and Other Receivables

Margin Loans

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	IS			WM			Total
Customer receivables representing margin loans	$	16,719		$	10,169		$	26,888

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	IS			WM			Total
Customer receivables representing margin loans	$	14,842		$	11,383		$	26,225

The Institutional Securities and Wealth Management business segments provide margin lending arrangements, which allow customers to borrow against the value of qualifying securities. Margin lending activities generally have minimal credit risk due to the value of collateral held and their short-term nature. Amounts may fluctuate from period to period as overall client balances change as a result of market levels, client positioning and leverage.

Employee Loans

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Balance	$	2,975		$	3,415
Allowance for loan losses	(63		)	(63		)
Balance, net	$	2,912		$	3,352
Remaining repayment term, weighted average in years	4.7			4.3

 

Employee loans are granted in conjunction with a program established primarily to recruit certain Wealth Management representatives, are full recourse and generally require periodic repayments. We establish an allowance for loan amounts we do not consider recoverable, and the related provision is recorded in Compensation and benefits expense.

Derivatives

Fair Value of OTC Derivative Assets

	Counterparty Credit Rating1
$ in millions	AAA			AA			A			BBB			NIG			Total
At June 30, 2019
<1 year	$	492		$	5,292		$	35,922		$	17,355		$	6,419		$	65,480
1-3 years	435			2,095			23,569			11,878			7,907			45,884
3-5 years	597			2,381			11,932			7,554			2,914			25,378
Over 5 years	3,807			12,271			80,793			43,529			13,037			153,437
Total, gross	$	5,331		$	22,039		$	152,216		$	80,316		$	30,277		$	290,179
Counterparty netting	(2,068		)	(13,417		)	(122,370		)	(59,551		)	(18,089		)	(215,495		)
Cash and securities collateral	(3,072		)	(6,632		)	(22,953		)	(15,823		)	(8,513		)	(56,993		)
Total, net	$	191		$	1,990		$	6,893		$	4,942		$	3,675		$	17,691

	Counterparty Credit Rating1
$ in millions	AAA			AA			A			BBB			NIG			Total
At December 31, 2018
<1 year	$	878		$	7,430		$	38,718		$	15,009		$	7,183		$	69,218
1-3 years	664			2,362			22,239			10,255			7,097			42,617
3-5 years	621			2,096			11,673			6,014			2,751			23,155
Over 5 years	3,535			9,725			67,166			36,087			11,112			127,625
Total, gross	$	5,698		$	21,613		$	139,796		$	67,365		$	28,143		$	262,615
Counterparty netting	(2,325		)	(13,771		)	(113,045		)	(49,658		)	(16,681		)	(195,480		)
Cash and securities collateral	(3,214		)	(5,766		)	(21,931		)	(12,702		)	(8,269		)	(51,882		)
Total, net	$	159		$	2,076		$	4,820		$	5,005		$	3,193		$	15,253

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Industry
Financials	$	5,118		$	4,480
Utilities	4,819			4,324
Healthcare	1,233			787
Industrials	1,151			1,335
Regional governments	984			779
Information technology	847			695
Not-for-profit organizations	704			583
Consumer discretionary	480			188
Sovereign governments	471			385
Energy	418			199
Materials	391			275
Communications services	368			373
Real estate	256			283
Insurance	195			235
Consumer staples	129			216
Other	127			116
Total	$	17,691		$	15,253

1.	Obligor credit ratings are determined internally by CRM.

	35	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Risk Disclosures

We incur credit risk as a dealer in OTC derivatives. Credit risk with respect to derivative instruments arises from the possibility that a counterparty may fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. For more information on derivatives, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Credit Risk—Derivatives” in the 2018 Form 10-K and Note 4 to the financial statements.

Country Risk

Country risk exposure is the risk that events in, or that affect, a foreign country (any country other than the U.S.) might adversely affect us. We actively manage country risk exposure through a comprehensive risk management framework that combines credit and market fundamentals and allows us to effectively identify, monitor and limit country risk. For a further discussion of our country risk exposure see, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Country Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Our sovereign exposures consist of financial contracts and obligations entered into with sovereign and local governments. Our non-sovereign exposures consist of financial contracts and obligations entered into primarily with corporations and financial institutions. Index credit derivatives are included in the following country risk exposure table. Each reference entity within an index is allocated to that reference entity’s country of risk. Index exposures are allocated to the underlying reference entities in proportion to the notional weighting of each reference entity in the index, adjusted for any fair value receivable or payable for that reference entity. Where credit risk crosses multiple jurisdictions, for example, a CDS purchased from an issuer in a specific country that references bonds issued by an entity in a different country, the fair value of the CDS is reflected in the Net Counterparty Exposure row based on the country of the CDS issuer. Further, the notional amount of the CDS adjusted for the fair value of the receivable or payable is reflected in the Net Inventory row based on the country of the underlying reference entity.

 

Top 10 Non-U.S. Country Exposures at June 30, 2019

United Kingdom
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	(401	)	$	763		$	362
Net counterparty exposure2	37			9,590			9,627
Loans	—			2,632			2,632
Lending commitments	—			4,602			4,602
Exposure before hedges	(364		)	17,587			17,223
Hedges3	(312		)	(1,205		)	(1,517		)
Net exposure	$	(676	)	$	16,382		$	15,706

Japan
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	4,534		$	283		$	4,817
Net counterparty exposure2	45			3,675			3,720
Loans	—			325			325
Exposure before hedges	4,579			4,283			8,862
Hedges3	(78		)	(116		)	(194		)
Net exposure	$	4,501		$	4,167		$	8,668

Germany
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	(950	)	$	48		$	(902	)
Net counterparty exposure2	162			3,086			3,248
Loans	—			1,129			1,129
Lending commitments	—			3,233			3,233
Exposure before hedges	(788		)	7,496			6,708
Hedges3	(268		)	(833		)	(1,101		)
Net exposure	$	(1,056	)	$	6,663		$	5,607

Spain
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	(181	)	$	(31	)	$	(212	)
Net counterparty exposure2	—			244			244
Loans	—			3,420			3,420
Lending commitments	—			2,061			2,061
Exposure before hedges	(181		)	5,694			5,513
Hedges3	—			(130		)	(130		)
Net exposure	$	(181	)	$	5,564		$	5,383

Canada
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	643		$	21		$	664
Net counterparty exposure2	18			1,894			1,912
Loans	—			197			197
Lending commitments	—			1,384			1,384
Exposure before hedges	661			3,496			4,157
Hedges3	—			(136		)	(136		)
Net exposure	$	661		$	3,360		$	4,021

June 2019 Form 10-Q	36

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Risk Disclosures

France
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	(767	)	$	(466	)	$	(1,233	)
Net counterparty exposure2	—			2,578			2,578
Loans	—			605			605
Lending commitments	—			2,192			2,192
Exposure before hedges	(767		)	4,909			4,142
Hedges3	(6		)	(558		)	(564		)
Net exposure	$	(773	)	$	4,351		$	3,578

China
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	183		$	727		$	910
Net counterparty exposure2	79			211			290
Loans	—			1,510			1,510
Lending commitments	—			881			881
Exposure before hedges	262			3,329			3,591
Hedges3	(112		)	(49		)	(161		)
Net exposure	$	150		$	3,280		$	3,430

Ireland
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	50		$	532		$	582
Net counterparty exposure2	—			218			218
Loans	—			2,085			2,085
Lending commitments	—			293			293
Exposure before hedges	50			3,128			3,178
Hedges3	(30		)	—			(30		)
Net exposure	$	20		$	3,128		$	3,148

Brazil
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	2,566		$	77		$	2,643
Net counterparty exposure2	—			72			72
Loans	—			40			40
Lending commitments	—			269			269
Exposure before hedges	2,566			458			3,024
Hedges3	(12		)	(18		)	(30		)
Net exposure	$	2,554		$	440		$	2,994

 

India
$ in millions	Sovereigns			Non-sovereigns			Total
Net inventory1	$	1,503		$	661		$	2,164
Net counterparty exposure2	—			537			537
Loans	—			246			246
Exposure before hedges	1,503			1,444			2,947
Net exposure	$	1,503		$	1,444		$	2,947

1.	Net inventory represents exposure to both long and short single-name and index positions (i.e., bonds and equities at fair value and CDS based on a notional amount assuming zero recovery adjusted for the fair value of any receivable or payable).

2.	Net counterparty exposure (e.g., repurchase transactions, securities lending and OTC derivatives) takes into consideration legally enforceable master netting agreements and collateral. Net counterparty exposure is net of the benefit of collateral received. For more information, see “Additional Information—Top 10 Non-U.S. Country Exposures” herein.

3.

Amounts represent CDS hedges (purchased and sold) on net counterparty exposure and lending executed by trading desks responsible for hedging counterparty and lending credit risk exposures. Amounts are based on the CDS notional amount assuming zero recovery adjusted for any fair value receivable or payable. For a further description of the contractual terms for purchased credit protection and whether they may limit the effectiveness of our hedges, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Credit Risk—Derivatives” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

Additional Information—Top 10 Non-U.S. Country Exposures

Benefit of Collateral Received against Net Counterparty Exposure

$ in millions		At June 30, 2019
Counterparty credit exposure	Collateral1
Germany	Germany and France	$	11,245
United Kingdom	U.K., U.S. and Japan	9,856
Other	Japan, France and Spain	15,958

 

1.	Collateral primarily consists of cash and government obligations.

Country Risk Exposures Related to the U.K.

At June 30, 2019, our country risk exposures in the U.K. included net exposures of $15,706 million as shown in the Top 10 Country Exposures table, and overnight deposits of $5,692 million. The $16,382 million of exposures to non-sovereigns were diversified across both names and sectors. Of these exposures, $6,654 million were to U.K.-focused counterparties that generate more than one-third of their revenues in the U.K., $3,250 million were to geographically diversified counterparties, and $5,749 million were to exchanges and clearinghouses.

Operational Risk

Operational risk refers to the risk of loss, or of damage to our reputation, resulting from inadequate or failed processes or systems, from human factors or from external events (e.g., fraud, theft, legal and compliance risks, cyber attacks or damage to physical assets). We may incur operational risk across the full scope of our business activities, including revenue-generating activities (e.g., sales and trading) and

	37	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Risk Disclosures

support and control groups (e.g., information technology and trade processing). For a further discussion about our operational risk, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Operational Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Model Risk

Model risk refers to the potential for adverse consequences from decisions based on incorrect or misused model outputs. Model risk can lead to financial loss, poor business and strategic decision making, or damage to a firm’s reputation. The risk inherent in a model is a function of the materiality, complexity and uncertainty around inputs and assumptions. Model risk is generated from the use of models impacting financial statements, regulatory filings, capital adequacy assessments and the formulation of strategy. For a further discussion about our model risk, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Model Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk refers to the risk that we will be unable to finance our operations due to a loss of access to the capital markets or difficulty in liquidating our assets. Liquidity risk also encompasses our ability (or perceived ability) to meet our financial obligations without experiencing significant business disruption or reputational damage that may threaten our viability as a going concern. For a further discussion about our liquidity risk, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Liquidity Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” herein.

Legal and Compliance Risk

Legal and compliance risk includes the risk of legal or regulatory sanctions, material financial loss, including fines, penalties, judgments, damages and/or settlements, or loss to reputation that we may suffer as a result of failure to comply with laws, regulations, rules, related self-regulatory organization standards and codes of conduct applicable to our business activities. This risk also includes contractual and commercial risk, such as the risk that a counterparty’s performance obligations will be unenforceable. It also includes compliance with AML, terrorist financing, and anti-corruption rules and regulations. For a further discussion about our legal and compliance risk, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Risk—Legal and Compliance Risk” in the 2018 Form 10-K.

 

June 2019 Form 10-Q	38

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Morgan Stanley:

 

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Morgan Stanley and subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of June 30, 2019, and the related condensed consolidated income statements, comprehensive income statements and statements of changes in total equity for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the cash flow statements for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial information”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Firm as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated income statement, comprehensive income statement, cash flow statement and statement of changes in total equity for the year then ended (not presented herein) included in the Firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K; and in our report dated February 26, 2019, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

 

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Firm’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Firm in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York

August 5, 2019

	39	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Consolidated Income Statements (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
in millions, except per share data	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues
Investment banking	$	1,590		$	1,793		$	2,832		$	3,427
Trading	2,732			3,293			6,173			7,063
Investments	441			147			714			273
Commissions and fees	979			1,039			1,945			2,212
Asset management	3,220			3,189			6,269			6,381
Other	253			243			554			450
Total non-interest revenues	9,215			9,704			18,487			19,806
Interest income	4,506			3,294			8,796			6,154
Interest expense	3,477			2,388			6,753			4,273
Net interest	1,029			906			2,043			1,881
Net revenues	10,244			10,610			20,530			21,687
Non-interest expenses
Compensation and benefits	4,531			4,621			9,182			9,535
Occupancy and equipment	353			346			700			682
Brokerage, clearing and exchange fees	630			609			1,223			1,236
Information processing and communications	538			496			1,070			974
Marketing and business development	162			179			303			319
Professional services	537			580			1,051			1,090
Other	590			670			1,143			1,322
Total non-interest expenses	7,341			7,501			14,672			15,158
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	2,903			3,109			5,858			6,529
Provision for income taxes	657			640			1,144			1,354
Income from continuing operations	2,246			2,469			4,714			5,175
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—			(2		)	—			(4		)
Net income	$	2,246		$	2,467		$	4,714		$	5,171
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	45			30			84			66
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	2,201		$	2,437		$	4,630		$	5,105
Preferred stock dividends and other	170			170			263			263
Earnings applicable to Morgan Stanley common shareholders	$	2,031		$	2,267		$	4,367		$	4,842
Earnings per common share
Basic	$	1.24		$	1.32		$	2.65		$	2.80
Diluted	$	1.23		$	1.30		$	2.62		$	2.75
Average common shares outstanding
Basic	1,634			1,720			1,646			1,730
Diluted	1,655			1,748			1,666			1,760

June 2019 Form 10-Q	40	See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements (Unaudited)

 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	2,246		$	2,467		$	4,714		$	5,171
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	65		$	(192	)	$	43		$	(75	)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	609			(126		)	1,038			(536		)
Pension, postretirement and other	3			6			4			11
Change in net debt valuation adjustment	(246		)	639			(866		)	1,090
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	431		$	327		$	219		$	490
Comprehensive income	$	2,677		$	2,794		$	4,933		$	5,661
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	45			30			84			66
Other comprehensive income (loss) applicable to noncontrolling interests	9			(9		)	(22		)	63
Comprehensive income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	2,623		$	2,773		$	4,871		$	5,532

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	41	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Consolidated Balance Sheets

$ in millions, except share data	(Unaudited) At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks	$	38,257		$	30,541
Interest bearing deposits with banks	10,888			21,299
Restricted cash	30,435			35,356
Trading assets at fair value ($118,200 and $120,437 were pledged to various parties)	286,965			266,299
Investment securities (includes $63,038 and $61,061 at fair value)	103,066			91,832
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (includes $4 and $— at fair value)	85,398			98,522
Securities borrowed	133,580			116,313
Customer and other receivables	53,381			53,298
Loans:
Held for investment (net of allowance of $265 and $238)	105,145			99,815
Held for sale	15,756			15,764
Goodwill	7,158			6,688
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $3,044 and $2,877)	2,276			2,163
Other assets	19,654			15,641
Total assets	$	891,959		$	853,531
Liabilities
Deposits (includes $934 and $442 at fair value)	$	176,593		$	187,820
Trading liabilities at fair value	139,405			126,747
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (includes $658 and $812 at fair value)	62,294			49,759
Securities loaned	10,325			11,908
Other secured financings (includes $8,476 and $5,245 at fair value)	11,981			9,466
Customer and other payables	192,098			179,559
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	18,570			17,204
Borrowings (includes $61,509 and $51,184 at fair value)	197,848			189,662
Total liabilities	809,114			772,125
Commitments and contingent liabilities (see Note 11)
Equity
Morgan Stanley shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	8,520			8,520
Common stock, $0.01 par value:
Shares authorized: 3,500,000,000; Shares issued: 2,038,893,979; Shares outstanding: 1,658,805,108 and 1,699,828,943	20			20
Additional paid-in capital	23,446			23,794
Retained earnings	67,588			64,175
Employee stock trusts	2,889			2,836
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,051		)	(2,292		)
Common stock held in treasury at cost, $0.01 par value (380,088,871 and 339,065,036 shares)	(15,799		)	(13,971		)
Common stock issued to employee stock trusts	(2,889		)	(2,836		)
Total Morgan Stanley shareholders’ equity	81,724			80,246
Noncontrolling interests	1,121			1,160
Total equity	82,845			81,406
Total liabilities and equity	$	891,959		$	853,531

June 2019 Form 10-Q	42	See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Preferred Stock
Beginning and ending balance	$	8,520		$	8,520		$	8,520		$	8,520
Common Stock
Beginning and ending balance	20			20			20			20
Additional Paid-in Capital
Beginning balance	23,178			23,260			23,794			23,545
Share-based award activity	268			194			(350		)	(91		)
Other net increases	—			—			2			—
Ending balance	23,446			23,454			23,446			23,454
Retained Earnings
Beginning balance	66,061			60,009			64,175			57,577
Cumulative adjustments for accounting changes1	—			—			63			306
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	2,201			2,437			4,630			5,105
Preferred stock dividends2	(170		)	(170		)	(263		)	(263		)
Common stock dividends2	(504		)	(441		)	(1,017		)	(890		)
Ending balance	67,588			61,835			67,588			61,835
Employee Stock Trusts
Beginning balance	3,000			2,907			2,836			2,907
Share-based award activity	(111		)	(78		)	53			(78		)
Ending balance	2,889			2,829			2,889			2,829
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance	(2,473		)	(3,406		)	(2,292		)	(3,060		)
Cumulative adjustments for accounting changes1	—			—			—			(437		)
Net change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	422			336			241			427
Ending balance	(2,051		)	(3,070		)	(2,051		)	(3,070		)
Common Stock Held In Treasury at Cost
Beginning balance	(14,582		)	(10,369		)	(13,971		)	(9,211		)
Share-based award activity	47			24			1,081			734
Repurchases of common stock and employee tax withholdings	(1,264		)	(1,305		)	(2,909		)	(3,173		)
Ending balance	(15,799		)	(11,650		)	(15,799		)	(11,650		)
Common Stock Issued to Employee Stock Trusts
Beginning balance	(3,000		)	(2,907		)	(2,836		)	(2,907		)
Share-based award activity	111			78			(53		)	78
Ending balance	(2,889		)	(2,829		)	(2,889		)	(2,829		)
Non-Controlling Interests
Beginning balance	1,168			1,455			1,160			1,075
Net income applicable to non-controlling interests	45			30			84			66
Net change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	9			(9		)	(22		)	63
Other net increases (decreases)	(101		)	(79		)	(101		)	193
Ending balance	1,121			1,397			1,121			1,397
Total Equity	$	82,845		$	80,506		$	82,845		$	80,506

1.	Cumulative adjustments for accounting changes relate to the adoption of certain accounting updates during the current and prior year periods. See Notes 2 and 14 for further information.

2.	See Note 14 for information regarding dividends per share for common stock and each class of preferred stock.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	43	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Consolidated Cash Flow Statements (Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	4,714		$	5,171
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	592			526
Depreciation and amortization	1,333			907
(Release of) Provision for credit losses on lending activities	54			(29		)
Other operating adjustments	(121		)	18
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trading assets, net of Trading liabilities	2,621			39,106
Securities borrowed	(17,267		)	(29,238		)
Securities loaned	(1,583		)	(872		)
Customer and other receivables and other assets	48			(9,279		)
Customer and other payables and other liabilities	11,522			9,053
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	13,124			(9,670		)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	12,535			(5,774		)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	27,572			(81		)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from (payments for):
Other assets—Premises, equipment and software, net	(1,008		)	(908		)
Changes in loans, net	(4,886		)	(4,560		)
Investment securities:
Purchases	(26,061		)	(12,388		)
Proceeds from sales	9,869			2,231
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	5,040			6,469
Other investing activities	(776		)	(147		)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(17,822		)	(9,303		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net proceeds from (payments for):
Other secured financings	214			(2,275		)
Deposits	(11,227		)	13,366
Proceeds from issuance of Borrowings	16,692			28,234
Payments for:
Borrowings	(18,513		)	(22,981		)
Repurchases of common stock and employee tax withholdings	(2,909		)	(3,173		)
Cash dividends	(1,412		)	(1,115		)
Other financing activities	(106		)	(230		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(17,261		)	11,826
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(105		)	(1,248		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(7,616		)	1,194
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period	87,196			80,395
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period	$	79,580		$	81,589
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks	$	38,257		$	30,176
Interest bearing deposits with banks	10,888			18,707
Restricted cash	30,435			32,706
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period	$	79,580		$	81,589
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for:
Interest	$	6,311		$	3,934
Income taxes, net of refunds	1,115			790

June 2019 Form 10-Q	44	See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

  

1. Introduction and Basis of Presentation

The Firm

Morgan Stanley is a global financial services firm that maintains significant market positions in each of its business segments—Institutional Securities, Wealth Management and Investment Management. Morgan Stanley, through its subsidiaries and affiliates, provides a wide variety of products and services to a large and diversified group of clients and customers, including corporations, governments, financial institutions and individuals. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Morgan Stanley” or the “Firm” mean Morgan Stanley (the “Parent Company”) together with its consolidated subsidiaries. See the “Glossary of Common Acronyms” for definitions of certain acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.

A description of the clients and principal products and services of each of the Firm’s business segments is as follows:

Institutional Securities provides investment banking, sales and trading, lending and other services to corporations, governments, financial institutions, and high to ultra-high net worth clients. Investment banking services consist of capital raising and financial advisory services, including services relating to the underwriting of debt, equity and other securities, as well as advice on mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, real estate and project finance. Sales and trading services include sales, financing, prime brokerage and market-making activities in equity and fixed income products, including foreign exchange and commodities. Lending activities include originating corporate loans, commercial mortgage lending, providing secured lending facilities and extending financing to sales and trading customers. Other activities include investments and research.

Wealth Management provides a comprehensive array of financial services and solutions to individual investors and small to medium-sized businesses and institutions covering brokerage and investment advisory services; financial and wealth planning services; annuity and insurance products; securities-based lending, residential real estate loans and other lending products; banking and retirement plan services.

Investment Management provides a broad range of investment strategies and products that span geographies, asset classes, and public and private markets to a diverse group of clients across institutional and intermediary channels. Strategies and products include equity, fixed income, liquidity and alternative/other products. Institutional clients include defined benefit/defined contribution plans, foundations, endowments, government entities, sovereign wealth funds, insurance companies, third-party fund sponsors and corporations. Individual clients are served through

 

intermediaries, including affiliated and non-affiliated distributors.

Basis of Financial Information

The unaudited consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the Firm to make estimates and assumptions regarding the valuations of certain financial instruments, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, compensation, deferred tax assets, the outcome of legal and tax matters, allowance for credit losses and other matters that affect its financial statements and related disclosures. The Firm believes that the estimates utilized in the preparation of its financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods to conform to the current presentation.

The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Firm’s financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2018 Form 10-K. Certain footnote disclosures included in the 2018 Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted from these financial statements as they are not required for interim reporting under U.S. GAAP. The financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim period. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.

Consolidation

The financial statements include the accounts of the Firm, its wholly owned subsidiaries and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest, including certain VIEs (see Note 12). For consolidated subsidiaries that are not wholly owned, the third-party holdings of equity interests are referred to as noncontrolling interests. The net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for such subsidiaries is presented as Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests in the consolidated income statements (“income statements”). The portion of shareholders’ equity that is attributable to noncontrolling interests for such subsidiaries is presented as noncontrolling interests, a component of total equity, in the consolidated balance sheets (“balance sheets”).

For a discussion of the Firm’s significant regulated U.S. and international subsidiaries and its involvement with VIEs, see Note 1 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

	45	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

2. Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Firm’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 (“current year period”), there were no significant revisions to the Firm’s significant accounting policies, other than for the accounting updates adopted.

Accounting Updates Adopted

The Firm adopted the following accounting updates on January 1, 2019. Prior periods are presented under previous policies.

Leases

The Firm adopted Leases, and recognized leases with terms exceeding one year in the June 30, 2019 balance sheet as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding liabilities. The adoption resulted in an increase to Retained earnings of approximately $63 million, net of tax, related to deferred revenue from previously recorded sale-leaseback transactions. At transition on January 1, 2019, the adoption also resulted in a balance sheet gross-up of approximately $4 billion reflected in Other assets and Other liabilities and accrued expenses. See Note 11 for lease disclosures, including amounts reflected in the June 30, 2019 balance sheet. Prior period amounts were not restated.

As allowed by the guidance, the Firm elected not to reassess the following at transition: whether existing contracts are or contain leases, and for existing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. In addition, the Firm continues to account for existing land easements as service contracts.

Both at transition and for new leases thereafter, ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term, including non-lease components such as fixed common area maintenance costs and other fixed costs such as real estate taxes and insurance.

The discount rates used in determining the present value of leases are the Firm’s incremental borrowing rates, developed based upon each lease’s term and currency of payment. The lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Firm will exercise that option. For operating leases, the ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments and initial direct costs incurred and are reduced by lease incentives. For these leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term if the ROU asset has not been impaired or abandoned.

 

Derivatives and Hedging (ASU 2018-16)

The amendments in this update permit use of the OIS rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. The Firm adopted this update on a prospective basis for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships. This update did not impact the Firm’s pre-existing hedges.

 

3. Fair Values

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Netting1			Total
Assets at fair value
Trading assets:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	55,358		$	27,102		$	5		$	—		$	82,465
Other sovereign government obligations	32,032			5,221			10			—			37,263
State and municipal securities	—			3,335			16			—			3,351
MABS	—			1,471			480			—			1,951
Loans and lending commitments2	—			5,452			5,604			—			11,056
Corporate and other debt	—			19,872			1,364			—			21,236
Corporate equities3	90,741			463			98			—			91,302
Derivative and other contracts:
Interest rate	3,158			190,360			1,359			—			194,877
Credit	—			5,540			786			—			6,326
Foreign exchange	15			56,361			21			—			56,397
Equity	1,632			41,040			1,401			—			44,073
Commodity and other	1,081			9,200			3,042			—			13,323
Netting1	(4,645		)	(228,574		)	(1,073		)	(47,940		)	(282,232		)
Total derivative and other contracts	1,241			73,927			5,536			(47,940		)	32,764
Investments4	516			275			785			—			1,576
Physical commodities	—			908			—			—			908
Total trading assets4	179,888			138,026			13,898			(47,940		)	283,872
Investment securities—AFS	33,692			29,346			—			—			63,038
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	—			4			—			—			4
Total assets at fair value	$	213,580		$	167,376		$	13,898		$	(47,940	)	$	346,914

June 2019 Form 10-Q	46

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Netting1			Total
Liabilities at fair value
Deposits	$	—		$	796		$	138		$	—		$	934
Trading liabilities:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	12,309			423			—			—			12,732
Other sovereign government obligations	22,769			1,960			1			—			24,730
Corporate and other debt	—			7,753			2			—			7,755
Corporate equities3	61,937			198			33			—			62,168
Derivative and other contracts:
Interest rate	2,872			179,899			543			—			183,314
Credit	—			5,967			924			—			6,891
Foreign exchange	7			59,147			50			—			59,204
Equity	1,366			41,795			3,116			—			46,277
Commodity and other	1,246			6,779			1,181			—			9,206
Netting1	(4,645		)	(228,574		)	(1,073		)	(38,580		)	(272,872		)
Total derivative and other contracts	846			65,013			4,741			(38,580		)	32,020
Total trading liabilities	97,861			75,347			4,777			(38,580		)	139,405
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—			658			—			—			658
Other secured financings	—			8,322			154			—			8,476
Borrowings	—			57,570			3,939			—			61,509
Total liabilities at fair value	$	97,861		$	142,693		$	9,008		$	(38,580	)	$	210,982

 

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Netting1			Total
Assets at fair value
Trading assets:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	38,767		$	29,594		$	54		$	—		$	68,415
Other sovereign government obligations	28,395			5,529			17			—			33,941
State and municipal securities	—			3,161			148			—			3,309
MABS	—			2,154			354			—			2,508
Loans and lending commitments2	—			4,055			6,870			—			10,925
Corporate and other debt	—			18,129			1,076			—			19,205
Corporate equities3	93,626			522			95			—			94,243
Derivative and other contracts:
Interest rate	2,793			155,027			1,045			—			158,865
Credit	—			5,707			421			—			6,128
Foreign exchange	62			63,023			161			—			63,246
Equity	1,256			45,596			1,022			—			47,874
Commodity and other	963			8,517			2,992			—			12,472
Netting1	(4,151		)	(210,190		)	(896		)	(44,175		)	(259,412		)
Total derivative and other contracts	923			67,680			4,745			(44,175		)	29,173
Investments4	412			293			757			—			1,462
Physical commodities	—			536			—			—			536
Total trading assets4	162,123			131,653			14,116			(44,175		)	263,717
Investment securities—AFS	36,399			24,662			—			—			61,061
Intangible assets	—			5			—			—			5
Total assets at fair value	$	198,522		$	156,320		$	14,116		$	(44,175	)	$	324,783

	47	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Netting1			Total
Liabilities at fair value
Deposits	$	—		$	415		$	27		$	—		$	442
Trading liabilities:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	11,272			543			—			—			11,815
Other sovereign government obligations	21,391			1,454			—			—			22,845
Corporate and other debt	—			8,550			1			—			8,551
Corporate equities3	56,064			199			15			—			56,278
Derivative and other contracts:
Interest rate	2,927			142,746			427			—			146,100
Credit	—			5,772			381			—			6,153
Foreign exchange	41			63,379			86			—			63,506
Equity	1,042			47,091			2,507			—			50,640
Commodity and other	1,228			6,872			940			—			9,040
Netting1	(4,151		)	(210,190		)	(896		)	(32,944		)	(248,181		)
Total derivative and other contracts	1,087			55,670			3,445			(32,944		)	27,258
Total trading liabilities	89,814			66,416			3,461			(32,944		)	126,747
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—			812			—			—			812
Other secured financings	—			5,037			208			—			5,245
Borrowings	—			47,378			3,806			—			51,184
Total liabilities at fair value	$	89,814		$	120,058		$	7,502		$	(32,944	)	$	184,430

 

MABS—Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

1.

For positions with the same counterparty classified in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, both counterparty netting and cash collateral netting are included in the column titled “Netting.” Positions classified within the same level that are with the same counterparty are netted within the column for that level. For further information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, see Note 4.

2.	For a further breakdown by type, see the following Breakdown of Loans and Lending Commitments at Fair Value table.

3.	For trading purposes, the Firm holds or sells short equity securities issued by entities in diverse industries and of varying sizes.

4.	Amounts exclude certain investments that are measured based on NAV per share, which are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. For additional disclosure about such investments, see “Net Asset Value Measurements—Fund Interests” herein.

Breakdown of Loans and Lending Commitments at Fair Value

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Corporate	$	8,241		$	9,171
Residential real estate	1,274			1,153
Commercial real estate	1,541			601
Total	$	11,056		$	10,925

Unsettled Fair Value of Futures Contracts¹ 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Customer and other receivables, net	$	507		$	615

  

1.	These contracts are primarily Level 1, actively traded, valued based on quoted prices from the exchange and are excluded from the previous recurring fair value tables.

For a description of the valuation techniques applied to the Firm’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at

 

fair value on a recurring basis, see Note 3 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K. During the current year period, there were no significant revisions made to the Firm’s valuation techniques.

Rollforward of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Assets at Fair value
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
Beginning balance	$	7		$	—		$	54		$	—
Purchases	5			—			5			—
Sales	(4		)	—			(54		)	—
Net transfers	(3		)	—			—			—
Ending balance	$	5		$	—		$	5		$	—
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Other sovereign government obligations
Beginning balance	$	5		$	7		$	17		$	1
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	—			(3		)	—			—
Purchases	8			2			8			4
Sales	(3		)	(1		)	(4		)	—
Net transfers	—			—			(11		)	—
Ending balance	$	10		$	5		$	10		$	5
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
State and municipal securities
Beginning balance	$	12		$	2		$	148		$	8
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	—			—			—			—
Purchases	15			1			15			1
Sales	(11		)	(1		)	(43		)	(7		)
Net transfers	—			—			(104		)	—
Ending balance	$	16		$	2		$	16		$	2
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
MABS
Beginning balance	$	301		$	342		$	354		$	423
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(5		)	—			3			76
Purchases	52			35			63			74
Sales	(43		)	(88		)	(133		)	(282		)
Settlements	(19		)	(7		)	(22		)	(12		)
Net transfers	194			45			215			48
Ending balance	$	480		$	327		$	480		$	327
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	(12	)	$	(6	)	$	(24	)	$	—
Loans and lending commitments
Beginning balance	$	6,343		$	8,128		$	6,870		$	5,945
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	73			(62		)	44			(6		)
Purchases and originations	957			1,726			1,548			3,841
Sales	(1,021		)	(615		)	(588		)	(913		)
Settlements	(733		)	(1,781		)	(1,487		)	(1,531		)
Net transfers	(15		)	(473		)	(783		)	(413		)
Ending balance	$	5,604		$	6,923		$	5,604		$	6,923
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	66		$	(78	)	$	44		$	(61	)

June 2019 Form 10-Q	48

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Corporate and other debt
Beginning balance	$	1,061		$	814		$	1,076		$	701
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	86			37			161			43
Purchases	407			166			428			366
Sales	(101		)	(194		)	(267		)	(165		)
Settlements	(3		)	(3		)	(5		)	(1		)
Net transfers	(86		)	(119		)	(29		)	(243		)
Ending balance	$	1,364		$	701		$	1,364		$	701
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	85		$	5		$	152		$	6
Corporate equities
Beginning balance	$	152		$	233		$	95		$	166
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(12		)	(4		)	(10		)	2
Purchases	21			21			28			43
Sales	(13		)	(25		)	(31		)	(49		)
Net transfers	(50		)	(54		)	16			9
Ending balance	$	98		$	171		$	98		$	171
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	(10	)	$	(3	)	$	(7	)	$	(7	)
Investments
Beginning balance	$	974		$	1,012		$	757		$	1,020
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	26			(8		)	38			23
Purchases	9			17			14			64
Sales	(32		)	(28		)	(36		)	(133		)
Net transfers	(192		)	(52		)	12			(33		)
Ending balance	$	785		$	941		$	785		$	941
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	29		$	2		$	38		$	7
Net derivative and other contracts:
Interest rate
Beginning balance	$	551		$	670		$	618		$	1,218
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	238			(75		)	183			(1		)
Purchases	53			61			59			69
Issuances	(19		)	(24		)	(30		)	(51		)
Settlements	(1		)	(45		)	(15		)	(131		)
Net transfers	(6		)	(20		)	1			(537		)
Ending balance	$	816		$	567		$	816		$	567
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	230		$	(99	)	$	234		$	(13	)
Credit
Beginning balance	$	(261	)	$	(30	)	$	40		$	41
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	30			111			217			(22		)
Purchases	28			15			93			4
Issuances	(19		)	(41		)	(470		)	(40		)
Settlements	39			(57		)	(8		)	17
Net transfers	45			—			(10		)	(2		)
Ending balance	$	(138	)	$	(2	)	$	(138	)	$	(2	)
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	30		$	115		$	224		$	(28	)

 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Foreign exchange
Beginning balance	$	5		$	(33	)	$	75		$	(112	)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(33		)	37			(154		)	96
Purchases	—			—			—			—
Issuances	—			(19		)	—			(46		)
Settlements	(22		)	(3		)	(12		)	46
Net transfers	21			(8		)	62			(10		)
Ending balance	$	(29	)	$	(26	)	$	(29	)	$	(26	)
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	(37	)	$	43		$	(45	)	$	28
Equity
Beginning balance	$	(1,760	)	$	1,015		$	(1,485	)	$	1,208
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	86			51			(92		)	163
Purchases	60			29			96			94
Issuances	(158		)	(191		)	(359		)	(930		)
Settlements	43			185			185			294
Net transfers	14			(2,624		)	(60		)	(2,364		)
Ending balance	$	(1,715	)	$	(1,535	)	$	(1,715	)	$	(1,535	)
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	70		$	(14	)	$	(106	)	$	135
Commodity and other
Beginning balance	$	2,106		$	1,660		$	2,052		$	1,446
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(145		)	170			(113		)	392
Purchases	8			1			16			35
Issuances	(2		)	(3		)	(17		)	(6		)
Settlements	(106		)	122			(183		)	7
Net transfers	—			82			106			158
Ending balance	$	1,861		$	2,032		$	1,861		$	2,032
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	(272	)	$	107		$	(306	)	$	230
Liabilities at Fair Value
Deposits
Beginning balance	$	99		$	44		$	27		$	47
Realized and unrealized losses (gains)	6			(1		)	12			(1		)
Issuances	24			5			51			10
Settlements	(4		)	—			(4		)	(1		)
Net transfers	13			(11		)	52			(18		)
Ending balance	$	138		$	37		$	138		$	37
Unrealized losses (gains)	$	6		$	(1	)	$	12		$	(1	)
Nonderivative trading liabilities
Beginning balance	$	43		$	39		$	16		$	25
Realized and unrealized losses (gains)	(9		)	(3		)	(10		)	(6		)
Purchases	(24		)	(17		)	(30		)	(19		)
Sales	11			7			28			22
Net transfers	15			(1		)	32			3
Ending balance	$	36		$	25		$	36		$	25
Unrealized losses (gains)	$	(9	)	$	(2	)	$	(10	)	$	(4	)

	49	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Beginning balance	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	150
Net transfers	—			—			—			(150		)
Ending balance	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Unrealized losses (gains)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Other secured financings
Beginning balance	$	153		$	220		$	208		$	239
Realized and unrealized losses (gains)	2			(5		)	6			(17		)
Issuances	—			4			—			7
Settlements	(1		)	(8		)	(8		)	(18		)
Net transfers	—			(41		)	(52		)	(41		)
Ending balance	$	154		$	170		$	154		$	170
Unrealized losses (gains)	$	2		$	(5	)	$	6		$	(17	)
Borrowings
Beginning balance	$	3,775		$	3,626		$	3,806		$	2,984
Realized and unrealized losses (gains)	172			(130		)	444			(201		)
Issuances	354			306			598			825
Settlements	(99		)	(141		)	(243		)	(195		)
Net transfers	(263		)	(366		)	(666		)	(118		)
Ending balance	$	3,939		$	3,295		$	3,939		$	3,295
Unrealized losses (gains)	$	173		$	(133	)	$	419		$	(199	)
Portion of Unrealized losses (gains) recorded in OCI—Change in net DVA	35			(16		)	91			(119		)

Level 3 instruments may be hedged with instruments classified in Level 1 and Level 2. The realized and unrealized gains (losses) for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category presented in the previous tables do not reflect the related realized and unrealized gains (losses) on hedging instruments that have been classified by the Firm within the Level 1 and/or Level 2 categories.

The unrealized gains (losses) during the period for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category may include changes in fair value during the period that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) are primarily included in Trading revenues in the income statements.

Additionally, in the previous tables, consolidations of VIEs are included in Purchases and deconsolidations of VIEs are included in Settlements.

 

Significant Unobservable Inputs Used in Recurring and Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 

Valuation Techniques and Unobservable Inputs

	Balance / Range (Average)1
$ in millions, except inputs	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
MABS	$	480		$	354
Comparable pricing:
Bond price	1 to 97 points (50 points)			0 to 97 points (38 points)
Loans and lending commitments	$	5,604		$	6,870
Margin loan model:
Discount rate	1% to 6% (2%)			1% to 7% (2%)
Volatility skew	14% to 63% (21%)			19% to 56% (28%)
Credit Spread	10 to 63 bps (28 bps)			14 to 90 bps (36 bps)
Comparable pricing:
Loan price	76 to 103 points (94 points)			60 to 101 points (95 points)
Corporate and other debt	$	1,364		$	1,076
Comparable pricing:
Bond price	12 to 100 points (75 points)			12 to 100 points (72 points)
Discounted cash flow:
Recovery rate	27		%	20		%
Discount rate	N/M			15% to 21% (16%)
Option model:
At the money volatility	20		%	24% to 78% (50%)
Corporate equities	$	98		$	95
Comparable pricing:
Equity price	100		%	100		%
Investments	$	785		$	757
Discounted cash flow:
WACC	14% to 17% (15%)			9% to 15% (10%)
Exit multiple	7 to 15 times (11 times)			7 to 10 times (10 times)
Market approach:
EBITDA multiple	6 to 25 times (11 times)			6 to 24 times (12 times)
Comparable pricing:
Equity price	75% to 100% (99%)			75% to 100% (96%)
Net derivative and other contracts:
Interest rate	$	816		$	618
Option model:
IR volatility skew	25% to 127% (74% / 63%)			22% to 95% (48% / 51%)
Contingency probability	90% to 95% (93% / 93%)			N/M
Inflation volatility	23% to 62% (43% / 40%)			23% to 65% (44% / 40%)
IR curve	1		%	1		%

June 2019 Form 10-Q	50

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Balance / Range (Average)1
$ in millions, except inputs	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Credit	$	(138	)	$	40
Comparable pricing:
Cash-synthetic basis	12 points			8 to 9 points (9 points)
Bond price	0 to 83 points (39 points)			0 to 75 points (26 points)
Credit spread	12 to 499 bps (100 bps)			246 to 499 bps (380 bps)
Funding spread	63 to 105 bps (95 bps)			47 to 98 bps (93 bps)
Correlation model:
Credit correlation	31% to 64% (38%)			36% to 69% (44%)
Foreign exchange2	$	(29	)	$	75
Option model:
IR FX correlation	29% to 57% (46% / 46%)			53% to 56% (55% / 55%)
IR volatility skew	25% to 127% (74% / 63%)			22% to 95% (48% / 51%)
Contingency probability	67% to 97% (82% / 82%)			90% to 95% (93% / 95%)
Equity2	$	(1,715	)	$	(1,485	)
Option model:
At the money volatility	6% to 72% (36%)			17% to 63% (38%)
Volatility skew	-2% to 0% (-1%)			-2% to 0% (-1%)
Equity correlation	5% to 96% (71%)			5% to 96% (71%)
FX correlation	-60% to 55% (-17%)			-60% to 55% (-26%)
IR correlation	-7% to 44% (16% / 13%)			-7% to 45% (15% / 12%)
Commodity and other	$	1,861		$	2,052
Option model:
Forward power price	$4 to $118 ($28) per MWh			3 to $185 ($31) per MWh
Commodity volatility	7% to 213% (16%)			7% to 187% (17%)
Cross-commodity correlation	5% to 99% (93%)			5% to 99% (93%)
Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Deposits	$	138		$	27
Option Model:
At the money volatility	20% to 30% (22%)			N/M
Other secured financings	$	154		$	208
Discounted cash flow:
Funding spread	111 to 155 bps (133 bps)			103 to 193 bps (148 bps)
Option model:
Volatility skew	N/M			-1		%
At the money volatility	10% to 40% (30%)			10% to 40% (25%)
Borrowings	$	3,939		$	3,806
Option model:
At the money volatility	6% to 35% (21%)			5% to 35% (22%)
Volatility skew	-1% to 0% (0%)			-2% to 0% (0%)
Equity correlation	38% to 94% (75%)			45% to 98% (85%)
Equity - FX correlation	-72% to 30% (-28%)			-75% to 50% (-27%)
IR Correlation	N/M			58% to 97% (85% / 91%)
IR FX Correlation	25% to 58% (38% / 34%)			28% to 58% (44% / 44%)

 

	Balance / Range (Average)1
$ in millions, except inputs	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurement
Loans	$	1,298		$	1,380
Corporate loan model:
Credit spread	58 to 448 bps (202 bps)			97 to 434 bps (181 bps)
Warehouse model:
Credit spread	264 to 271 bps (266 bps)			223 to 313 bps (247 bps)

Points—Percentage of par

IR—Interest rate

FX—Foreign exchange

1.	A single amount is disclosed for range and average when there is no significant difference between the minimum, maximum and average. Amounts represent weighted averages except where simple averages and the median of the inputs are more relevant.

2.	Includes derivative contracts with multiple risks (i.e., hybrid products).

The previous tables provide information for each major category of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis with a significant Level 3 balance. The level of aggregation and breadth of products cause the range of inputs to be wide and not evenly distributed across the inventory. Further, the range of unobservable inputs may differ across firms in the financial services industry because of diversity in the types of products included in each firm’s inventory. In general, there are no predictable relationships between multiple significant unobservable inputs attributable to a given valuation technique.

For a description of the Firm’s significant unobservable inputs and qualitative information about the effect of hypothetical changes in the values of those inputs, see Note 3 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K. During the current year period, there were no significant revisions made to the descriptions of the Firm’s significant unobservable inputs.

Net Asset Value Measurements

Fund Interests

	At June 30, 2019						At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Carrying Value			Commitment			Carrying Value			Commitment
Private equity	$	1,545		$	368		$	1,374		$	316
Real estate	1,452			155			1,105			161
Hedge1	96			4			103			4
Total	$	3,093		$	527		$	2,582		$	481

 

1.	Investments in hedge funds may be subject to initial period lock-up or gate provisions, which restrict an investor from withdrawing from the fund during a certain initial period or restrict the redemption amount on any redemption date, respectively.

For a description of the Firm’s investments in private equity funds, real estate funds and hedge funds, which are measured based on NAV, see Note 3 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Amounts in the previous table represent the Firm’s carrying value of general and limited partnership interests in fund investments, as well as any carried interest. The carrying

	51	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

amounts are measured based on the NAV of the fund taking into account the distribution terms applicable to the interest held. This same measurement applies whether the fund investments are accounted for under the equity method or fair value.

See Note 11 for information regarding general partner guarantees, which include potential obligations to return performance-based fees in the form of carried interest previously received. See Note 18 for information regarding carried interest at risk of reversal. 

Nonredeemable Funds by Contractual Maturity

	Carrying Value at June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Private Equity			Real Estate
Less than 5 years	$	802		$	634
5-10 years	720			740
Over 10 years	23			78
Total	$	1,545		$	1,452

Fair Value Option

The Firm elected the fair value option for certain eligible instruments that are risk managed on a fair value basis to mitigate income statement volatility caused by measurement basis differences between the elected instruments and their associated risk management transactions or to eliminate the complexities of applying certain accounting models.

Borrowings Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Business Unit Responsible for Risk Management
Equity	$	29,459		$	24,494
Interest rates	26,343			22,343
Commodities	3,975			2,735
Credit	1,159			856
Foreign exchange	573			756
Total	$	61,509		$	51,184

 

Gains (Losses) on Borrowings under the Fair Value Option

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Trading revenues	$	(2,190	)	$	859		$	(5,093	)	$	885
Interest expense	(94		)	(73		)	(187		)	(175		)
Net revenues1	$	(2,284	)	$	786		$	(5,280	)	$	710

1.	Amounts do not reflect any gains or losses from related economic hedges.

Gains (losses) are recorded in Trading revenues and are mainly attributable to movements in the reference price or index, interest rates or foreign exchange rates.

 

Gains (Losses) Due to Changes in Instrument-Specific Credit Risk

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019						2018
$ in millions	Trading Revenues			OCI			Trading Revenues			OCI
Borrowings	$	(3	)	$	(328	)	$	(3	)	$	842
Loans and other debt1	58			—			63			—
Lending commitments	(1		)	—			1			—
Other	—			1			—			—

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019						2018
$ in millions	Trading Revenues			OCI			Trading Revenues			OCI
Borrowings	$	(7	)	$	(1,144	)	$	(18	)	$	1,435
Loans and other debt1	151			—			144			—
Lending commitments	(2		)	—			3			—
Other	—			(3		)	—			2

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Cumulative pre-tax DVA gain (loss) recognized in AOCI	$	(975	)	$	172

1.	Loans and other debt instrument-specific credit gains (losses) were determined by excluding the non-credit components of gains and losses.

Difference Between Contractual Principal and Fair Value¹ 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Loans and other debt2	$	13,064		$	13,094
Nonaccrual loans2	10,950			10,831
Borrowings3	(503		)	2,657

1.	Amounts indicate contractual principal greater than or (less than) fair value.

2.	The majority of the difference between principal and fair value amounts for loans and other debt relates to distressed debt positions purchased at amounts well below par.

3.	Borrowings in this table do not include structured notes where the repayment of the initial principal amount fluctuates based on changes in a reference price or index.

The previous tables exclude non-recourse debt from consolidated VIEs, liabilities related to failed sales of financial assets, pledged commodities and other liabilities that have specified assets attributable to them.

Fair Value Loans on Nonaccrual Status

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Nonaccrual loans	$	971		$	1,497
Nonaccrual loans 90 or more days past due	$	526		$	812

 

 

June 2019 Form 10-Q	52

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements    

Carrying and Fair Values

	At June 30, 2019
	Fair Value
$ in millions	Level 2			Level 31			Total
Assets
Loans	$	2,065		$	1,298		$	3,363
Other assets—Other investments	—			30			30
Other assets—Premises, equipment and software	—			—			—
Total	$	2,065		$	1,328		$	3,393
Liabilities
Other liabilities and accrued expenses—Lending commitments	$	168		$	55		$	223
Total	$	168		$	55		$	223

	At December 31, 2018
	Fair Value
$ in millions	Level 2			Level 31			Total
Assets
Loans	$	2,307		$	1,380		$	3,687
Other assets—Other investments	14			100			114
Other assets—Premises, equipment and software	—			—			—
Total	$	2,321		$	1,480		$	3,801
Liabilities
Other liabilities and accrued expenses—Lending commitments	$	292		$	65		$	357
Total	$	292		$	65		$	357

     

1.	For significant Level 3 balances, refer to “Significant Unobservable Inputs Used in Recurring and Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements” section herein for details of the significant unobservable inputs used for nonrecurring fair value measurement.

 

 

Gains (Losses) from Fair Value Remeasurements¹ 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Assets
Loans2	$	(10	)	$	(1	)	$	17		$	8
Other assets—Other investments	—			(7		)	(5		)	(7		)
Other assets—Premises, equipment and software	(2		)	(2		)	(4		)	(10		)
Total	$	(12	)	$	(10	)	$	8		$	(9	)
Liabilities
Other liabilities and accrued expenses—Lending commitments2	$	7		$	(30	)	$	74		$	(12	)
Total	$	7		$	(30	)	$	74		$	(12	)

 

1.	Gains and losses for Loans and Other assets—Other investments are classified in Other revenues. For other items, gains and losses are recorded in Other revenues if the item is held for sale; otherwise they are recorded in Other expenses.

2.

Nonrecurring changes in the fair value of loans and lending commitments were calculated as follows: for the held-for-investment category, based on the value of the underlying collateral; and for the held-for-sale category, based on recently executed transactions, market price quotations, valuation models that incorporate market observable inputs where possible, such as comparable loan or debt prices and CDS spread levels adjusted for any basis difference between cash and derivative instruments, or default recovery analysis where such transactions and quotations are unobservable.

	53	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

Carrying and Fair Values

	At June 30, 2019
	Carrying Value			Fair Value
$ in millions				Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks	$	38,257		$	38,257		$	—		$	—		$	38,257
Interest bearing deposits with banks	10,888			10,888			—			—			10,888
Restricted cash	30,435			30,435			—			—			30,435
Investment securities—HTM	40,028			25,672			14,243			604			40,519
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	85,394			—			84,026			1,435			85,461
Securities borrowed	133,580			—			133,581			—			133,581
Customer and other receivables1	48,423			—			45,511			2,845			48,356
Loans2	120,901			—			22,661			98,563			121,224
Other assets	461			—			461			—			461
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	175,659		$	—		$	175,954		$	—		$	175,954
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	61,636			—			61,083			525			61,608
Securities loaned	10,325			—			10,324			—			10,324
Other secured financings	3,505			—			3,508			—			3,508
Customer and other payables1	188,622			—			188,622			—			188,622
Borrowings	136,339			—			140,512			11			140,523
	Commitment Amount
Lending commitments3	$	125,417		$	—		$	919		$	325		$	1,244

 

	At December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value			Fair Value
$ in millions				Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks	$	30,541		$	30,541		$	—		$	—		$	30,541
Interest bearing deposits with banks	21,299			21,299			—			—			21,299
Restricted cash	35,356			35,356			—			—			35,356
Investment securities—HTM	30,771			17,473			12,018			474			29,965
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	98,522			—			97,611			866			98,477
Securities borrowed	116,313			—			116,312			—			116,312
Customer and other receivables1	47,972			—			44,620			3,219			47,839
Loans2	115,579			—			25,604			90,121			115,725
Other assets	461			—			461			—			461
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	187,378		$	—		$	187,372		$	—		$	187,372
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	48,947			—			48,385			525			48,910
Securities loaned	11,908			—			11,906			—			11,906
Other secured financings	4,221			—			3,233			994			4,227
Customer and other payables1	176,561			—			176,561			—			176,561
Borrowings	138,478			—			140,085			30			140,115
	Commitment Amount
Lending commitments3	$	104,844		$	—		$	1,249		$	321		$	1,570

1.	Accrued interest and dividend receivables and payables where carrying value approximates fair value have been excluded.

2.	Amounts include loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

3.	Represents Lending Commitments accounted for as Held for Investment and Held for Sale. For a further discussion on lending commitments, see Note 11.

The previous tables exclude certain financial instruments such as equity method investments and all non-financial assets and liabilities such as the value of the long-term relationships with the Firm’s deposit customers.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	54

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

4. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Fair Values of Derivative Contracts

At June 30, 2019

	Assets
$ in millions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	604		$	2		$	—		$	606
Foreign exchange	1			5			—			6
Total	605			7			—			612
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	187,449			5,417			1,405			194,271
Credit	4,438			1,888			—			6,326
Foreign exchange	54,977			1,369			45			56,391
Equity	23,127			—			20,946			44,073
Commodity and other	10,902			—			2,421			13,323
Total	280,893			8,674			24,817			314,384
Total gross derivatives	$	281,498		$	8,681		$	24,817		$	314,996
Amounts offset
Counterparty netting	(208,559		)	(6,936		)	(23,321		)	(238,816		)
Cash collateral netting	(42,075		)	(1,341		)	—			(43,416		)
Total in Trading assets	$	30,864		$	404		$	1,496		$	32,764
Amounts not offset1
Financial instruments collateral	(13,536		)	—			—			(13,536		)
Other cash collateral	(41		)	—			—			(41		)
Net amounts	$	17,287		$	404		$	1,496		$	19,187
Net amounts for which master netting or collateral agreements are not in place or may not be legally enforceable										$	2,083

	Liabilities
$ in millions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange	130			43			—			173
Total	130			43			—			173
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	178,461			3,724			1,129			183,314
Credit	4,491			2,400			—			6,891
Foreign exchange	57,499			1,490			42			59,031
Equity	25,358			—			20,919			46,277
Commodity and other	6,742			—			2,464			9,206
Total	272,551			7,614			24,554			304,719
Total gross derivatives	$	272,681		$	7,657		$	24,554		$	304,892
Amounts offset
Counterparty netting	(208,559		)	(6,936		)	(23,321		)	(238,816		)
Cash collateral netting	(33,408		)	(648		)	—			(34,056		)
Total in Trading liabilities	$	30,714		$	73		$	1,233		$	32,020
Amounts not offset1
Financial instruments collateral	(11,291		)	—			(488		)	(11,779		)
Other cash collateral	(39		)	(10		)	—			(49		)
Net amounts	$	19,384		$	63		$	745		$	20,192
Net amounts for which master netting or collateral agreements are not in place or may not be legally enforceable										$	3,247

 

At December 31, 2018

	Assets
$ in millions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	512		$	1		$	—		$	513
Foreign exchange	27			8			—			35
Total	539			9			—			548
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	153,768			3,887			697			158,352
Credit	4,630			1,498			—			6,128
Foreign exchange	61,846			1,310			55			63,211
Equity	24,590			—			23,284			47,874
Commodity and other	10,538			—			1,934			12,472
Total	255,372			6,695			25,970			288,037
Total gross derivatives	$	255,911		$	6,704		$	25,970		$	288,585
Amounts offset
Counterparty netting	(190,220		)	(5,260		)	(24,548		)	(220,028		)
Cash collateral netting	(38,204		)	(1,180		)	—			(39,384		)
Total in Trading assets	$	27,487		$	264		$	1,422		$	29,173
Amounts not offset1
Financial instruments collateral	(12,467		)	—			—			(12,467		)
Other cash collateral	(31		)	—			—			(31		)
Net amounts	$	14,989		$	264		$	1,422		$	16,675
Net amounts for which master netting or collateral agreements are not in place or may not be legally enforceable										$	2,206

	Liabilities
$ in millions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	176		$	—		$	—		$	176
Foreign exchange	62			24			—			86
Total	238			24			—			262
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	142,592			2,669			663			145,924
Credit	4,545			1,608			—			6,153
Foreign exchange	62,099			1,302			19			63,420
Equity	27,119			—			23,521			50,640
Commodity and other	6,983			—			2,057			9,040
Total	243,338			5,579			26,260			275,177
Total gross derivatives	$	243,576		$	5,603		$	26,260		$	275,439
Amounts offset
Counterparty netting	(190,220		)	(5,260		)	(24,548		)	(220,028		)
Cash collateral netting	(27,860		)	(293		)	—			(28,153		)
Total in Trading liabilities	$	25,496		$	50		$	1,712		$	27,258
Amounts not offset1
Financial instruments collateral	(4,709		)	—			(766		)	(5,475		)
Other cash collateral	(53		)	(1		)	—			(54		)
Net amounts	$	20,734		$	49		$	946		$	21,729
Net amounts for which master netting or collateral agreements are not in place or may not be legally enforceable										$	4,773

1.	Amounts relate to master netting agreements and collateral agreements that have been determined by the Firm to be legally enforceable in the event of default but where certain other criteria are not met in accordance with applicable offsetting accounting guidance.

See Note 3 for information related to the unsettled fair value of futures contracts not designated as accounting hedges, which are excluded from the previous tables.

	55	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Notionals of Derivative Contracts

At June 30, 2019

	Assets
$ in billions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	14		$	132		$	—		$	146
Foreign exchange	—			1			—			1
Total	14			133			—			147
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	4,899			8,622			1,059			14,580
Credit	121			71			—			192
Foreign exchange	2,781			106			12			2,899
Equity	402			—			404			806
Commodity and other	100			—			70			170
Total	8,303			8,799			1,545			18,647
Total gross derivatives	$	8,317		$	8,932		$	1,545		$	18,794

	Liabilities
$ in billions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	—		$	29		$	—		$	29
Foreign exchange	10			1			—			11
Total	10			30			—			40
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	4,876			8,583			957			14,416
Credit	139			79			—			218
Foreign exchange	2,885			109			13			3,007
Equity	407			—			460			867
Commodity and other	90			—			66			156
Total	8,397			8,771			1,496			18,664
Total gross derivatives	$	8,407		$	8,801		$	1,496		$	18,704

 

 

At December 31, 2018 

	Assets
$ in billions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	15		$	52		$	—		$	67
Foreign exchange	5			1			—			6
Total	20			53			—			73
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	4,807			6,708			1,157			12,672
Credit	162			74			—			236
Foreign exchange	2,436			118			14			2,568
Equity	373			—			371			744
Commodity and other	97			—			67			164
Total	7,875			6,900			1,609			16,384
Total gross derivatives	$	7,895		$	6,953		$	1,609		$	16,457

	Liabilities
$ in billions	Bilateral OTC			Cleared OTC			Exchange- Traded			Total
Designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	$	2		$	107		$	—		$	109
Foreign exchange	5			1			—			6
Total	7			108			—			115
Not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate	4,946			5,735			781			11,462
Credit	162			73			—			235
Foreign exchange	2,451			114			17			2,582
Equity	389			—			602			991
Commodity and other	72			—			65			137
Total	8,020			5,922			1,465			15,407
Total gross derivatives	$	8,027		$	6,030		$	1,465		$	15,522

The Firm believes that the notional amounts of derivative contracts generally overstate its exposure. In most circumstances notional amounts are only used as a reference point from which to calculate amounts owed between the parties to the contract. Furthermore, notional amounts do not reflect the benefit of legally enforceable netting arrangements or risk mitigating transactions.

For a discussion of the Firm’s derivative instruments and hedging activities, see Note 4 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	56

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Gains (Losses) on Accounting Hedges

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Fair Value Hedges—Recognized in Interest Income1
Interest rate contracts	$	(14	)	$	—		$	(19	)	$	—
Investment Securities—AFS	14			—			19			—
Fair Value Hedges—Recognized in Interest Expense
Interest rate contracts	$	2,470		$	(619	)	$	4,047		$	(2,460	)
Borrowings	(2,494		)	587			(4,115		)	2,439
Net Investment Hedges—Foreign exchange contracts
Recognized in OCI, net of tax	$	(114	)	$	395		$	(50	)	$	247
Forward points excluded from hedge effectiveness testing—Recognized in Interest income	42			24			77			31

Fair Value Hedges—Hedged Items 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Investment Securities—AFS
Carrying amount2 currently or previously hedged	$	532		$	201
Basis adjustments included in carrying amount3	$	23		$	4
Borrowings
Carrying amount2 currently or previously hedged	$	104,752		$	102,899
Basis adjustments included in carrying amount3	$	2,428		$	(1,689	)

1.	The Firm began designating interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of certain AFS securities in the third quarter of 2018.

2.	Carrying amount represents amortized cost basis.

3.	Hedge accounting basis adjustments for AFS securities and Borrowings are primarily related to outstanding hedges.

Net Derivative Liabilities and Collateral Posted

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Net derivative liabilities with credit risk-related contingent features	$	22,589		$	16,403
Collateral posted	17,556			11,981

The previous table presents the aggregate fair value of certain derivative contracts that contain credit risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position for which the Firm has posted collateral in the normal course of business.

 

Incremental Collateral and Termination Payments upon Potential Future Ratings Downgrade

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019
One-notch downgrade	$	492
Two-notch downgrade	339
Bilateral downgrade agreements included in the amounts above1	$	755

  

1.	Amount represents arrangements between the Firm and other parties where upon the downgrade of one party, the downgraded party must deliver collateral to the other party. These bilateral downgrade arrangements are used by the Firm to manage the risk of counterparty downgrades.

The additional collateral or termination payments that may be called in the event of a future credit rating downgrade vary by contract and can be based on ratings by either or both of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and S&P Global Ratings. The previous table shows the future potential collateral amounts and termination payments that could be called or required by counterparties or exchange and clearing organizations in the event of one-notch or two-notch downgrade scenarios based on the relevant contractual downgrade triggers.

Maximum Potential Payout/Notional of Credit Protection Sold¹ 

	Years to Maturity at June 30, 2019
$ in billions	< 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Single-name CDS
Investment grade	$	17		$	20		$	24		$	9		$	70
Non-investment grade	9			11			10			2			32
Total	$	26		$	31		$	34		$	11		$	102
Index and basket CDS
Investment grade	$	3		$	7		$	34		$	10		$	54
Non-investment grade	7			6			13			11			37
Total	$	10		$	13		$	47		$	21		$	91
Total CDS sold	$	36		$	44		$	81		$	32		$	193
Other credit contracts	—			—			—			—			—
Total credit protection sold	$	36		$	44		$	81		$	32		$	193
CDS protection sold with identical protection purchased													$	181

	Years to Maturity at December 31, 2018
$ in billions	< 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Single-name CDS
Investment grade	$	22		$	24		$	19		$	8		$	73
Non-investment grade	10			11			9			1			31
Total	$	32		$	35		$	28		$	9		$	104
Index and basket CDS
Investment grade	$	5		$	10		$	61		$	7		$	83
Non-investment grade	5			6			13			13			37
Total	$	10		$	16		$	74		$	20		$	120
Total CDS sold	$	42		$	51		$	102		$	29		$	224
Other credit contracts	—			—			—			—			—
Total credit protection sold	$	42		$	51		$	102		$	29		$	224
CDS protection sold with identical protection purchased													$	210

	57	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Fair Value Asset (Liability) of Credit Protection Sold¹ 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Single-name CDS
Investment grade	$	446		$	118
Non-investment grade	(487		)	(403		)
Total	$	(41	)	$	(285	)
Index and basket CDS
Investment grade	$	906		$	314
Non-investment grade	(381		)	(1,413		)
Total	$	525		$	(1,099	)
Total CDS sold	$	484		$	(1,384	)
Other credit contracts	(11		)	(14		)
Total credit protection sold	$	473		$	(1,398	)

  

1.

Investment grade/non-investment grade determination is based on the internal credit rating of the reference obligation. Internal credit ratings serve as the Credit Risk Management Department’s assessment of credit risk and the basis for a comprehensive credit limits framework used to control credit risk. The Firm uses quantitative models and judgment to estimate the various risk parameters related to each obligor.

 

Protection Purchased with CDS

	Fair Value Asset (Liability)
$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Single name	$	(226	)	$	277
Index and basket	(396		)	1,333
Tranched index and basket	(427		)	(251		)
Total	$	(1,049	)	$	1,359

	Notional
$ in billions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Single name	$	111		$	116
Index and basket	89			117
Tranched index and basket	17			14
Total	$	217		$	247

 

The Firm enters into credit derivatives, principally CDS, under which it receives or provides protection against the risk of default on a set of debt obligations issued by a specified reference entity or entities. A majority of the Firm’s counterparties for these derivatives are banks, broker-dealers, and insurance and other financial institutions.

The fair value amounts as shown in the previous tables are prior to cash collateral or counterparty netting. For further information on credit derivatives and other contracts, see Note 4 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

  

June 2019 Form 10-Q	58

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

5. Investment Securities

AFS and HTM Securities

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair  Value
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	32,931		$	218		$	159		$	32,990
U.S. agency securities1	22,972			188			126			23,034
Total U.S. government and agency securities	55,903			406			285			56,024
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS	2,888			57			37			2,908
Non-agency CMBS	220			—			2			218
Auto loan ABS	4			—			—			4
Corporate bonds	1,842			10			5			1,847
State and municipal securities	333			10			—			343
FFELP student loan ABS2	1,706			5			17			1,694
Total corporate and other debt	6,993			82			61			7,014
Total AFS securities	62,896			488			346			63,038
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	25,232			509			69			25,672
U.S. agency securities1	14,212			117			86			14,243
Total U.S. government and agency securities	39,444			626			155			39,915
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS	584			20			—			604
Total HTM securities	40,028			646			155			40,519
Total investment securities	$	102,924		$	1,134		$	501		$	103,557

 

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair  Value
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	36,268		$	40		$	656		$	35,652
U.S. agency securities1	20,740			10			497			20,253
Total U.S. government and agency securities	57,008			50			1,153			55,905
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS	1,054			—			62			992
Non-agency CMBS	461			—			14			447
Corporate bonds	1,585			—			32			1,553
State and municipal securities	200			2			—			202
FFELP student loan ABS2	1,967			10			15			1,962
Total corporate and other debt	5,267			12			123			5,156
Total AFS securities	62,275			62			1,276			61,061
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	17,832			44			403			17,473
U.S. agency securities1	12,456			8			446			12,018
Total U.S. government and agency securities	30,288			52			849			29,491
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS	483			—			9			474
Total HTM securities	30,771			52			858			29,965
Total investment securities	$	93,046		$	114		$	2,134		$	91,026

 

1.	U.S. agency securities consist mainly of agency-issued debt, agency mortgage pass-through pool securities and CMOs.

2.	Underlying loans are backed by a guarantee, ultimately from the U.S. Department of Education, of at least 95% of the principal balance and interest outstanding.

	59	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Investment Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position

	At June 30, 2019
	Less than 12 Months						12 Months or Longer						Total
$ in millions	Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—		$	—		$	14,432		$	159		$	14,432		$	159
U.S. agency securities	1,621			11			10,951			115			12,572			126
Total U.S. government and agency securities	1,621			11			25,383			274			27,004			285
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS	320			1			750			36			1,070			37
Non-agency CMBS	—			—			218			2			218			2
Corporate bonds	349			2			403			3			752			5
FFELP student loan ABS	520			5			762			12			1,282			17
Total corporate and other debt	1,189			8			2,133			53			3,322			61
Total AFS securities	2,810			19			27,516			327			30,326			346
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	—			—			4,804			69			4,804			69
U.S. agency securities	94			—			6,937			86			7,031			86
Total HTM securities	94			—			11,741			155			11,835			155
Total investment securities	$	2,904		$	19		$	39,257		$	482		$	42,161		$	501

	At December 31, 2018
	Less than 12 Months						12 Months or Longer						Total
$ in millions	Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	19,937		$	541		$	5,994		$	115		$	25,931		$	656
U.S. agency securities	12,904			383			4,142			114			17,046			497
Total U.S. government and agency securities	32,841			924			10,136			229			42,977			1,153
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS	808			62			—			—			808			62
Non-agency CMBS	—			—			446			14			446			14
Corporate bonds	470			7			1,010			25			1,480			32
FFELP student loan ABS	1,366			15			—			—			1,366			15
Total corporate and other debt	2,644			84			1,456			39			4,100			123
Total AFS securities	35,485			1,008			11,592			268			47,077			1,276
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	—			—			11,161			403			11,161			403
U.S. agency securities	410			1			10,004			445			10,414			446
Total U.S. government and agency securities	410			1			21,165			848			21,575			849
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS	206			1			216			8			422			9
Total HTM securities	616			2			21,381			856			21,997			858
Total investment securities	$	36,101		$	1,010		$	32,973		$	1,124		$	69,074		$	2,134

 

June 2019 Form 10-Q	60

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Firm believes there are no securities in an unrealized loss position that are other-than-temporarily impaired after performing the analysis described in Note 2 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K. For AFS securities, the Firm does not intend to sell the securities and is not likely to be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. Furthermore, for both AFS and HTM securities, the securities have not experienced credit losses as the unrealized losses reported in the previous table are primarily due to higher interest rates since those securities were purchased.

See Note 12 for additional information on securities issued by VIEs, including U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, non-agency CMBS and FFELP student loan ABS.

Investment Securities by Contractual Maturity

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Amortized Cost			Fair Value			Annualized Average Yield
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities:
Due within 1 year	$	6,652		$	6,656		2.0	%
After 1 year through 5 years	22,678			22,741			1.9	%
After 5 years through 10 years	3,601			3,593			1.8	%
Total	32,931			32,990
U.S. agency securities:
Due within 1 year	444			443			1.1	%
After 1 year through 5 years	671			668			1.1	%
After 5 years through 10 years	1,495			1,483			1.8	%
After 10 years	20,362			20,440			2.4	%
Total	22,972			23,034
Total U.S. government and agency securities	55,903			56,024			2.0	%
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS:
After 1 year through 5 years	144			143			1.6	%
After 5 years through 10 years	1,813			1,862			2.8	%
After 10 years	931			903			1.9	%
Total	2,888			2,908
Non-agency CMBS:
After 1 year through 5 years	35			35			2.5	%
After 10 years	185			183			2.0	%
Total	220			218
Auto loan ABS:
After 1 year through 5 years	4			4			2.5	%
Total	4			4
Corporate bonds:
Due within 1 year	51			51			1.4	%
After 1 year through 5 years	1,473			1,478			2.6	%
After 5 years through 10 years	318			318			3.3	%
Total	1,842			1,847

 

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Amortized Cost			Fair Value			Annualized Average Yield
State and municipal securities:
After 1 year through 5 years	$	2		$	2		3.4	%
After 5 years through 10 years	211			212			3.5	%
After 10 Years	120			129			5.4	%
Total	333			343
FFELP student loan ABS:
After 1 year through 5 years	75			74			0.8	%
After 5 years through 10 years	403			396			0.8	%
After 10 years	1,228			1,224			1.2	%
Total	1,706			1,694
Total corporate and other debt	6,993			7,014			2.4	%
Total AFS securities	62,896			63,038			2.1	%
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities:
Due within 1 year	849			847			1.6	%
After 1 year through 5 years	13,834			14,037			2.3	%
After 5 years through 10 years	9,466			9,707			2.2	%
After 10 years	1,083			1,081			2.5	%
Total	25,232			25,672
U.S. agency securities:
After 5 years through 10 years	27			27			1.9	%
After 10 years	14,185			14,216			2.6	%
Total	14,212			14,243
Total U.S. government and agency securities	39,444			39,915			2.4	%
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS:
Due within 1 year	99			99			4.8	%
After 1 year through 5 years	71			71			4.2	%
After 5 years through 10 years	376			393			4.1	%
After 10 years	38			41			4.4	%
Total corporate and other debt	584			604			4.3	%
Total HTM securities	40,028			40,519			2.5	%
Total investment securities	$	102,924		$	103,557		2.2	%

Gross Realized Gains (Losses) on Sales of AFS Securities

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Gross realized gains	$	53		$	6		$	72		$	7
Gross realized (losses)	—			(3		)	(9		)	(4		)
Total1	$	53		$	3		$	63		$	3

 

1.	Realized gains and losses are recognized in Other revenues in the income statements.

 

	61	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

6. Collateralized Transactions

Offsetting of Certain Collateralized Transactions

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Gross Amounts			Amounts Offset			Net Amounts Presented			Amounts Not Offset1			Net Amounts
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$	250,004		$	(164,606	)	$	85,398		$	(83,492	)	$	1,906
Securities borrowed	143,046			(9,466		)	133,580			(129,614		)	3,966
Liabilities
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	226,900		$	(164,606	)	$	62,294		$	(53,942	)	$	8,352
Securities loaned	19,791			(9,466		)	10,325			(10,298		)	27
Net amounts for which master netting agreements are not in place or may not be legally enforceable
Securities purchased under agreements to resell													$	1,425
Securities borrowed													828
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase													6,603
Securities loaned													17

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Gross Amounts			Amounts Offset			Net Amounts Presented			Amounts Not Offset1			Net Amounts
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$	262,976		$	(164,454	)	$	98,522		$	(95,610	)	$	2,912
Securities borrowed	134,711			(18,398		)	116,313			(112,551		)	3,762
Liabilities
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	214,213		$	(164,454	)	$	49,759		$	(41,095	)	$	8,664
Securities loaned	30,306			(18,398		)	11,908			(11,677		)	231
Net amounts for which master netting agreements are not in place or may not be legally enforceable
Securities purchased under agreements to resell													$	2,579
Securities borrowed													724
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase													6,762
Securities loaned													191

1.	Amounts relate to master netting agreements that have been determined by the Firm to be legally enforceable in the event of default but where certain other criteria are not met in accordance with applicable offsetting accounting guidance.

For further discussion of the Firm’s collateralized transactions, see Note 6 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K. For information related to offsetting of derivatives, see Note 4.

 

Gross Secured Financing Balances by Remaining Contractual Maturity

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Overnight and Open			Less than 30 Days			30-90 Days			Over 90 Days			Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	86,201		$	68,956		$	29,202		$	42,541		$	226,900
Securities loaned	12,314			1,595			1,196			4,686			19,791
Total included in the offsetting disclosure	$	98,515		$	70,551		$	30,398		$	47,227		$	246,691
Trading liabilities— Obligation to return securities received as collateral	20,001			—			—			—			20,001
Total	$	118,516		$	70,551		$	30,398		$	47,227		$	266,692

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Overnight and Open			Less than 30 Days			30-90 Days			Over 90 Days			Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	56,503		$	93,427		$	35,692		$	28,591		$	214,213
Securities loaned	18,397			3,609			1,985			6,315			30,306
Total included in the offsetting disclosure	$	74,900		$	97,036		$	37,677		$	34,906		$	244,519
Trading liabilities— Obligation to return securities received as collateral	17,594			—			—			—			17,594
Total	$	92,494		$	97,036		$	37,677		$	34,906		$	262,113

Gross Secured Financing Balances by Class of Collateral Pledged

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	78,757		$	68,487
State and municipal securities	1,417			925
Other sovereign government obligations	120,426			120,432
ABS	1,634			3,017
Corporate and other debt	7,265			8,719
Corporate equities	16,562			12,079
Other	839			554
Total	$	226,900		$	214,213
Securities loaned
Other sovereign government obligations	$	9,904		$	19,021
Corporate equities	9,800			10,800
Other	87			485
Total	$	19,791		$	30,306
Total included in the offsetting disclosure	$	246,691		$	244,519
Trading liabilities—Obligation to return securities received as collateral
Corporate equities	$	20,001		$	17,594
Total	$	266,692		$	262,113

June 2019 Form 10-Q	62

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Carrying Value of Assets Loaned or Pledged without Counterparty Right to Sell or Repledge

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Trading assets	$	39,625		$	39,430

The Firm pledges its trading assets to collateralize securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned, other secured financings and derivatives and to cover customer short sales. Counterparties may or may not have the right to sell or repledge the collateral.

Pledged financial instruments that can be sold or repledged by the secured party are identified as Trading assets (pledged to various parties) in the balance sheets.

Fair Value of Collateral Received with Right to Sell or Repledge 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Collateral received with right to sell or repledge	$	699,097		$	639,610
Collateral that was sold or repledged1	559,790			487,983

1.	Does not include securities used to meet federal regulations for the Firm’s U.S. broker-dealers.

Restricted Cash and Segregated Securities 

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Restricted cash	$	30,435		$	35,356
Segregated securities1	22,140			26,877
Total	$	52,575		$	62,233

1.	Securities segregated under federal regulations for the Firm’s U.S. broker-dealers are sourced from Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Trading assets in the balance sheets.

The Firm receives collateral in the form of securities in connection with securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed, securities-for-securities transactions, derivative transactions, customer margin loans and securities-based lending. In many cases, the Firm is permitted to sell or repledge these securities held as collateral and use the securities to secure securities sold under agreements to repurchase, to enter into securities lending and derivative transactions or for delivery to counterparties to cover short positions.

Customer Margin Lending

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Customer receivables representing margin loans	$	26,888		$	26,225

 

The Firm provides margin lending arrangements which allow customers to borrow against the value of qualifying securities. Receivables under margin lending arrangements are included within Customer and other receivables in the balance sheets. Under these agreements and transactions, the Firm receives collateral, including U.S. government and agency securities, other sovereign government obligations, corporate and other debt, and corporate equities. Customer receivables generated from margin lending activities are collateralized by customer-owned securities held by the Firm. The Firm monitors required margin levels and established credit terms daily and, pursuant to such guidelines, requires customers to deposit additional collateral, or reduce positions, when necessary.

For a further discussion of the Firm’s margin lending activities, see Note 6 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

The Firm has additional secured liabilities. For a further discussion of other secured financings, see Notes 10 and 12.

 

7. Loans, Lending Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans by Type

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Loans Held for Investment			Loans Held for Sale			Total Loans
Corporate	$	40,283		$	14,132		$	54,415
Consumer	29,196			—			29,196
Residential real estate	28,595			21			28,616
Commercial real estate	7,336			1,603			8,939
Total loans, gross	105,410			15,756			121,166
Allowance for loan losses	(265		)	—			(265		)
Total loans, net	$	105,145		$	15,756		$	120,901
Fixed rate loans, net							$	18,201
Floating or adjustable rate loans, net							102,700
Loans to non-U.S. borrowers, net							20,028

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Loans Held for Investment			Loans Held for Sale			Total Loans
Corporate	$	36,909		$	13,886		$	50,795
Consumer	27,868			—			27,868
Residential real estate	27,466			22			27,488
Commercial real estate1	7,810			1,856			9,666
Total loans, gross	100,053			15,764			115,817
Allowance for loan losses	(238		)	—			(238		)
Total loans, net	$	99,815		$	15,764		$	115,579
Fixed rate loans, net							$	15,632
Floating or adjustable rate loans, net							99,947
Loans to non-U.S. borrowers, net							17,568

1.	Beginning in 2019, loans previously referred to as Wholesale real estate are referred to as Commercial real estate.

 

	63	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loans Held for Investment before Allowance by Credit Quality

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Total
Pass	$	39,775		$	29,191		$	28,490		$	6,932		$	104,388
Special mention	94			—			10			284			388
Substandard	414			5			95			120			634
Doubtful	—			—			—			—			—
Loss	—			—			—			—			—
Total	$	40,283		$	29,196		$	28,595		$	7,336		$	105,410

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Total
Pass	$	36,217		$	27,863		$	27,387		$	7,378		$	98,845
Special mention	492			5			—			312			809
Substandard	200			—			79			120			399
Doubtful	—			—			—			—			—
Loss	—			—			—			—			—
Total	$	36,909		$	27,868		$	27,466		$	7,810		$	100,053

Impaired Loans and Lending Commitments before Allowance

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Total
Loans
With allowance	$	229		$	—		$	—		$	229
Without allowance1	26			5			77			108
Total impaired loans	$	255		$	5		$	77		$	337
UPB	262			5			84			351
Lending commitments
With allowance	$	7		$	—		$	—		$	7
Without allowance1	40			—			—			40
Total impaired lending commitments	$	47		$	—		$	—		$	47

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real  Estate			Total
Loans
With allowance	$	24		$	—		$	—		$	24
Without allowance1	32			—			69			101
Total impaired loans	$	56		$	—		$	69		$	125
UPB	63			—			70			133
Lending commitments
With allowance	$	19		$	—		$	—		$	19
Without allowance1	34			—			—			34
Total impaired lending commitments	$	53		$	—		$	—		$	53

1.	No allowance was recorded for these loans and lending commitments as the present value of the expected future cash flows or value of the collateral equaled or exceeded the carrying value.

 

Loans and lending commitments in the previous table have been evaluated for a specific allowance. All remaining loans and lending commitments are assessed under the inherent allowance methodology.

Impaired Loans and Total Allowance by Region

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Americas			EMEA			Asia			Total
Impaired loans	$	337		$	—		$	—		$	337
Total Allowance for loan losses	210			52			3			265

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Americas			EMEA			Asia			Total
Impaired loans	$	125		$	—		$	—		$	125
Total Allowance for loan losses	193			42			3			238

Troubled Debt Restructurings

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Loans	$	43		$	38
Lending commitments	62			45
Allowance for loan losses and lending commitments	4			4

Impaired loans and lending commitments classified as held for investment within corporate loans include TDRs as shown in the previous table. These restructurings typically include modifications of interest rates, collateral requirements, other loan covenants and payment extensions.

Allowance for Loan Losses Rollforward

$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Total
December 31, 2018	$	144		$	7		$	20		$	67		$	238
Gross charge-offs	—			—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Provision (release)1	33			—			4			(3		)	34
Other	(6		)	—			—			—			(6		)
June 30, 2019	$	171		$	7		$	23		$	64		$	265
Inherent	$	154		$	7		$	23		$	64		$	248
Specific	17			—			—			—			17

June 2019 Form 10-Q	64

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Total
December 31, 2017	$	126		$	4		$	24		$	70		$	224
Gross charge-offs	(1		)	—			—			—			(1		)
Recoveries2	54			—			—			—			54
Net recoveries (charge-offs)	53			—			—			—			53
Provision (release)1,2	(51		)	1			(5		)	21			(34		)
Other	(1		)	—			(1		)	—			(2		)
June 30, 2018	$	127		$	5		$	18		$	91		$	241
Inherent	$	123		$	5		$	18		$	91		$	237
Specific	4			—			—			—			4

1.	The Firm recorded a provision for loan losses of $7 million, and a release of $53 million in the current quarter and prior year quarter, respectively.

2.	The prior year period release was primarily due to the recovery of a previously charged off energy industry related loan.

Allowance for Lending Commitments Rollforward

$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Total
December 31, 2018	$	198		$	2		$	—		$	3		$	203
Provision (release)	18			—			—			2			20
Other	(1		)	(1		)	—			—			(2		)
June 30, 2019	$	215		$	1		$	—		$	5		$	221
Inherent	$	213		$	1		$	—		$	5		$	219
Specific	2			—			—			—			2

$ in millions	Corporate			Consumer			Residential Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Total
December 31, 2017	$	194		$	1		$	—		$	3		$	198
Provision (release)	5			—			—			—			5
Other	—			—			—			(1		)	(1		)
June 30, 2018	$	199		$	1		$	—		$	2		$	202
Inherent	$	195		$	1		$	—		$	2		$	198
Specific	4			—			—			—			4

For a further discussion of the Firm’s loans, including loan types and categories, as well as the Firm’s allowance methodology, refer to Notes 2 and 7 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K. See Note 3 for further information regarding Loans and lending commitments held at fair value. See Note 11 for details of current commitments to lend in the future.

 

Employee Loans

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Balance	$	2,975		$	3,415
Allowance for loan losses	(63		)	(63		)
Balance, net	$	2,912		$	3,352
Remaining repayment term, weighted average in years	4.7			4.3

Employee loans are granted in conjunction with a program established primarily to recruit certain Wealth Management representatives, are full recourse and generally require periodic repayments. These loans are recorded in Customer and other receivables in the balance sheets. The Firm establishes an allowance for loan amounts it does not consider recoverable, and the related provision is recorded in Compensation and benefits expense.

 

8. Equity Method Investments

Equity Method Investment Balances

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Investments	$	2,404		$	2,432

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Income (loss)	$	(16	)	$	4		$	(26	)	$	54

Equity method investments, other than investments in certain fund interests, are summarized above and are included in Other assets in the balance sheets with related income or loss included in Other revenues in the income statements. See “Net Asset Value Measurements—Fund Interests” in Note 3 for the carrying value of the Firm’s fund interests, which are comprised of general and limited partnership interests, as well as any related carried interest.

Japanese Securities Joint Venture

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Income from investment in MUMSS	$	6		$	26		$	9		$	82

The Firm and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG”) formed a joint venture in Japan comprising their respective investment banking and securities businesses by forming two joint venture companies, Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd. (“MUMSS”) and Morgan Stanley MUFG Securities Co., Ltd. (“MSMS”) (the “Joint Venture”). The Firm

	65	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

owns a 40% economic interest in the Joint Venture and MUFG owns the other 60%.

The Firm’s 40% voting interest in MUMSS is accounted for under the equity method within the Institutional Securities business segment, and is included in the equity method investment balances above. The Firm consolidates MSMS into the Institutional Securities business segment, based on its 51% voting interest.

The Firm engages in transactions in the ordinary course of business with MUFG and its affiliates, for example investment banking, financial advisory, sales and trading, derivatives, investment management, lending, securitization and other financial services transactions. Such transactions are on substantially the same terms as those that would be available to unrelated third parties for comparable transactions.

9. Deposits

Deposits

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Savings and demand deposits	$	138,014		$	154,897
Time deposits	38,579			32,923
Total	$	176,593		$	187,820
Deposits subject to FDIC insurance	$	140,873		$	144,515
Time deposits that equal or exceed the FDIC insurance limit	$	26		$	11

Time Deposit Maturities

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019
2019	$	9,767
2020	16,363
2021	6,014
2022	2,480
2023	2,369
Thereafter	1,586
Total	$	38,579

 

10. Borrowings and Other Secured Financings

Borrowings

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Original maturities of one year or less	$	1,776		$	1,545
Original maturities greater than one year
Senior	$	185,516		$	178,027
Subordinated	10,556			10,090
Total	$	196,072		$	188,117
Total borrowings	$	197,848		$	189,662
Weighted average stated maturity, in years1	6.8			6.5

1.	Only includes borrowings with original maturities greater than one year.

 

Other Secured Financings

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Original maturities:
Greater than one year	$	5,048		$	6,772
One year or less	4,353			2,036
Failed sales	2,580			658
Total	$	11,981		$	9,466

Other secured financings include the liabilities related to certain ELNs, transfers of financial assets that are accounted for as financings rather than sales, pledged commodities, consolidated VIEs where the Firm is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and other secured borrowings. These liabilities are generally payable from the cash flows of the related assets accounted for as Trading assets. See Note 12 for further information on other secured financings related to VIEs and securitization activities.

For transfers that fail to meet the accounting criteria for a sale, the Firm continues to recognize the assets in Trading assets at fair value, and the Firm recognizes the associated liabilities in Other secured financings at fair value in the balance sheets.

The assets transferred to certain unconsolidated VIEs in transactions accounted for as failed sales cannot be removed unilaterally by the Firm and are not generally available to the Firm. The related liabilities are also non-recourse to the Firm. In certain other failed sale transactions, the Firm has the right to remove assets or provides additional recourse through derivatives such as total return swaps, guarantees or other forms of involvement.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	66

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

11. Commitments, Leases, Guarantees and Contingencies

Commitments

	Years to Maturity at June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Lending:
Corporate	$	29,788		$	33,262		$	47,590		$	7,109		$	117,749
Consumer	7,522			1			11			—			7,534
Residential and commercial real estate	85			466			11			477			1,039
Forward-starting secured financing receivables	109,906			—			—			8,556			118,462
Underwriting	1,104			—			—			—			1,104
Investment activities	537			121			39			249			946
Letters of credit and other financial guarantees	186			1			—			2			189
Total	$	149,128		$	33,851		$	47,651		$	16,393		$	247,023
Corporate lending commitments participated to third parties													$	7,998
Forward-starting secured financing receivables settled within three business days													$	97,767

Since commitments associated with these instruments may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

 

For a further description of these commitments, refer to Note 12 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Leases

Balance Sheet Amounts Related to Leases

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019
Other assets—ROU assets	$	3,859
Other liabilities and accrued expenses—
Lease liabilities	4,595
Weighted average:
Remaining lease term, in years	9.8
Discount rate	3.7		%

  

 

Lease Liabilities

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019
Remainder of 2019	$	366
2020	716
2021	653
2022	599
2023	548
Thereafter	2,816
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	5,698
Imputed interest	(1,103		)
Amount on balance sheet	$	4,595

Lease Costs

$ in millions	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Fixed costs	$	156		$	326
Variable costs1	48			82
Less: Sublease income	(1		)	(2		)
Total lease cost, net	203			406

1.	Includes common area maintenance charges and other variable costs not included in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities.

Cash Flows Statement Supplemental Information

$ in millions	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Cash outflows—Lease liabilities	$	167		$	332
Non-cash—ROU assets recorded for new and modified leases	71			111

Minimum Future Lease Commitments (under Previous GAAP)

$ in millions	At December 31, 2018
2019	$	677
2020	657
2021	602
2022	555
2023	507
Thereafter	2,639
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	5,637
Minimum rental income to be received in the future under non-cancelable operating subleases	$	7

The Firm’s leases are principally non-cancelable operating real estate leases.

	67	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Guarantees

Obligations under Guarantee Arrangements at June 30, 2019

	Maximum Potential Payout/Notional
	Years to Maturity
$ in millions	Less than 1			1-3			3-5			Over 5			Total
Credit derivatives	$	36,335		$	44,060		$	80,905		$	31,704		$	193,004
Other credit contracts	—			—			7			116			123
Non-credit derivatives	1,715,336			1,504,933			452,278			669,229			4,341,776
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees issued1	1,255			889			1,357			4,193			7,694
Market value guarantees	95			96			3			—			194
Liquidity facilities	4,501			—			—			—			4,501
Whole loan sales guarantees	—			1			—			23,192			23,193
Securitization representations and warranties	—			—			—			68,120			68,120
General partner guarantees	63			129			6			44			242
Client clearing guarantees	1,947			—			—			—			1,947

$ in millions	Carrying Amount Asset (Liability)			Collateral/ Recourse
Credit derivatives2	$	484		$	—
Other credit contracts	(11		)	—
Non-credit derivatives2	(56,357		)	—
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees issued1	231			6,163
Market value guarantees	—			90
Liquidity facilities	6			7,793
Whole loan sales guarantees	(4		)	—
Securitization representations and warranties3	(42		)	—
General partner guarantees	(53		)	—
Client clearing guarantees	—			1,946

1.	These amounts include certain issued standby letters of credit participated to third parties, totaling $0.6 billion of notional and collateral/recourse, due to the nature of the Firm’s obligations under these arrangements.

2.	Carrying amounts of derivative contracts are shown on a gross basis prior to cash collateral or counterparty netting. For further information on derivative contracts, see Note 4.

3.	Primarily related to residential mortgage securitizations.

The Firm has obligations under certain guarantee arrangements, including contracts and indemnification agreements, that contingently require the Firm to make payments to the guaranteed party based on changes in an underlying measure (such as an interest or foreign exchange rate, security or commodity price, an index, or the occurrence or non-occurrence of a specified event) related to an asset, liability or equity security of a guaranteed party. Also included as guarantees are contracts that contingently require the Firm to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform under an agreement, as well as indirect guarantees of the indebtedness of others.

 

In certain situations, collateral may be held by the Firm for those contracts that meet the definition of a guarantee. Generally, the Firm sets collateral requirements by counterparty so that the collateral covers various transactions and products and is not allocated specifically to individual contracts. Also, the Firm may recover amounts related to the underlying asset delivered to the Firm under a derivative contract.

For more information on the nature of the obligation and related business activity for market value guarantees, liquidity facilities, whole loan sales guarantees and general partner guarantees related to certain investment management funds, as well as the other products in the previous table, see Note 12 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K, except for Clearing member guarantees, which are described below.

Client Clearing Guarantees. In the second quarter of 2019, the Firm became a sponsoring member of the Government Securities Division of the FICC's Sponsored Clearing Model. Clients of the Firm, as sponsored members, can transact in overnight securities repurchase and resale agreements, which are cleared through FICC. As sponsoring member, the Firm guarantees to FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its clients’ obligations. The amount included in the previous table represents the maximum potential payout the Firm could be responsible for through the guarantee it provides. The Firm minimizes credit exposure under this guarantee by obtaining a security interest in its sponsored member clients’ collateral and their contractual rights under sponsored member transactions. Therefore, the Firm's exposure is estimated to be an amount substantially lower than the maximum potential payout amount.  

Other Guarantees and Indemnities

In the normal course of business, the Firm provides guarantees and indemnifications in a variety of transactions. These provisions generally are standard contractual terms. Certain of these guarantees and indemnifications related to indemnities, exchange and clearinghouse member guarantees and merger and acquisition guarantees are described in Note 12 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

In addition, in the ordinary course of business, the Firm guarantees the debt and/or certain trading obligations (including obligations associated with derivatives, foreign exchange contracts and the settlement of physical commodities) of certain subsidiaries. These guarantees generally are entity or product specific and are required by investors or trading counterparties. The activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries covered by these guarantees (including any related debt or trading obligations) are included in the financial statements.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	68

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Finance Subsidiary

The Parent Company fully and unconditionally guarantees the securities issued by Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, a 100%-owned finance subsidiary.

Contingencies

Legal. In addition to the matters described below, in the normal course of business, the Firm has been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with its activities as a global diversified financial services institution. Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. In some cases, the entities that would otherwise be the primary defendants in such cases are bankrupt or are in financial distress. These actions have included, but are not limited to, residential mortgage and credit crisis-related matters.

While the Firm has identified below any individual proceedings where the Firm believes a material loss to be reasonably possible and reasonably estimable, there can be no assurance that material losses will not be incurred from claims that have not yet been asserted or are not yet determined to be probable or possible and reasonably estimable losses.

The Firm contests liability and/or the amount of damages as appropriate in each pending matter. Where available information indicates that it is probable a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the Firm can reasonably estimate the amount of that loss, the Firm accrues the estimated loss by a charge to income.

In many proceedings and investigations, however, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even possible or to estimate the amount of any loss. In addition, even where a loss is possible or an exposure to loss exists in excess of the liability already accrued with respect to a previously recognized loss contingency, it is not always possible to reasonably estimate the size of the possible loss or range of loss.

For certain legal proceedings and investigations, the Firm cannot reasonably estimate such losses, particularly for proceedings and investigations where the factual record is being developed or contested or where plaintiffs or government entities seek substantial or indeterminate damages, restitution, disgorgement or penalties. Numerous issues may need to be resolved, including through potentially lengthy discovery and determination of important factual matters, determination of issues related to class certification and the calculation of damages or other relief, and by addressing novel or unsettled legal questions relevant to the proceedings or investigations in question, before a loss or additional loss or range of loss or

 

additional range of loss can be reasonably estimated for a proceeding or investigation.

For certain other legal proceedings and investigations, the Firm can estimate reasonably possible losses, additional losses, ranges of loss or ranges of additional loss in excess of amounts accrued but does not believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that such losses will have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s financial statements as a whole, other than the matters referred to in the following paragraphs.

On July 15, 2010, China Development Industrial Bank (“CDIB”) filed a complaint against the Firm, styled China Development Industrial Bank v. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated et al., which is pending in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County (“Supreme Court of NY”). The complaint relates to a $275 million CDS referencing the super senior portion of the STACK 2006-1 CDO. The complaint asserts claims for common law fraud, fraudulent inducement and fraudulent concealment and alleges that the Firm misrepresented the risks of the STACK 2006-1 CDO to CDIB, and that the Firm knew that the assets backing the CDO were of poor quality when it entered into the CDS with CDIB. The complaint seeks compensatory damages related to the approximately $228 million that CDIB alleges it has already lost under the CDS, rescission of CDIB’s obligation to pay an additional $12 million, punitive damages, equitable relief, fees and costs. On February 28, 2011, the court denied the Firm’s motion to dismiss the complaint. On December 21, 2018, the court denied the Firm’s motion for summary judgment and granted in part the Firm’s motion for sanctions relating to spoliation of evidence. On January 24, 2019, CDIB filed a notice of appeal from the court’s December 21, 2018 order, and on January 25, 2019, the Firm filed a notice of appeal from the same order. On March 7, 2019, the court denied the relief that CDIB sought in a motion to clarify and resettle the portion of the court’s December 21, 2018 order granting spoliation sanctions. Based on currently available information, the Firm believes it could incur a loss in this action of up to approximately $240 million plus pre- and post-judgment interest, fees and costs.

On July 8, 2013, U.S. Bank National Association, in its capacity as trustee, filed a complaint against the Firm styled U.S. Bank National Association, solely in its capacity as Trustee of the Morgan Stanley Mortgage Loan Trust 2007-2AX (MSM 2007-2AX) v. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, Successor-by-Merger to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc. and GreenPoint Mortgage Funding, Inc., pending in the Supreme Court of NY. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and alleges, among other things, that the loans in the trust, which had an original principal balance of approximately $650 million, breached various representations and warranties. The complaint seeks, among other relief, specific performance of the loan breach remedy

	69	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

procedures in the transaction documents, unspecified damages and interest. On November 24, 2014, the court granted in part and denied in part the Firm’s motion to dismiss the complaint. On April 4, 2019, the court denied the Firm’s motion to renew its motion to dismiss. Based on currently available information, the Firm believes that it could incur a loss in this action of up to approximately $240 million, the total original unpaid balance of the mortgage loans for which the Firm received repurchase demands that it did not repurchase, plus pre- and post-judgment interest, fees and costs, but plaintiff is seeking to expand the number of loans at issue and the possible range of loss could increase.

On September 19, 2014, Financial Guaranty Insurance Company (“FGIC”) filed a complaint against the Firm in the Supreme Court of NY, styled Financial Guaranty Insurance Company v. Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc. et al. relating to a securitization issued by Basket of Aggregated Residential NIMS 2007-1 Ltd. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and alleges, among other things, that the net interest margin securities (“NIMS”) in the trust breached various representations and warranties. FGIC issued a financial guaranty policy with respect to certain notes that had an original balance of approximately $475 million. The complaint seeks, among other relief, specific performance of the NIMS breach remedy procedures in the transaction documents, unspecified damages, reimbursement of certain payments made pursuant to the transaction documents, attorneys’ fees and interest. On November 24, 2014, the Firm filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which the court denied on January 19, 2017. On September 13, 2018, the Appellate Division, First Department, affirmed the lower court’s order denying the Firm’s motion to dismiss. Based on currently available information, the Firm believes that it could incur a loss in this action of up to approximately $126 million, the unpaid balance of these notes, plus pre- and post-judgment interest, fees and costs, as well as claim payments that FGIC has made and will make in the future.

On September 23, 2014, FGIC filed a complaint against the Firm in the Supreme Court of NY styled Financial Guaranty Insurance Company v. Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc. et al. relating to the Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc. Trust 2007-NC4. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and fraudulent inducement and alleges, among other things, that the loans in the trust breached various representations and warranties and defendants made untrue statements and material omissions to induce FGIC to issue a financial guaranty policy on certain classes of certificates that had an original balance of approximately $876 million. The complaint seeks, among other relief, specific performance of the loan breach remedy procedures in the transaction documents, compensatory, consequential and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees and interest. On January 23, 2017, the court denied the Firm’s motion to dismiss the complaint. On September 13, 2018, the Appellate Division, First Department, affirmed in part and reversed in part the lower court’s order denying the Firm’s

 

motion to dismiss. On December 20, 2018, the Appellate Division denied plaintiff’s motion for leave to appeal the decision of the Appellate Division, First Department, to the New York Court of Appeals ("Court of Appeals") or, in the alternative, for re-argument. Based on currently available information, the Firm believes that it could incur a loss in this action of up to approximately $277 million, the total original unpaid balance of the mortgage loans for which the Firm received repurchase demands from a certificate holder and FGIC that the Firm did not repurchase, plus pre- and post-judgment interest, fees and costs, as well as claim payments that FGIC has made and will make in the future. In addition, plaintiff is seeking to expand the number of loans at issue and the possible range of loss could increase.

On January 23, 2015, Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, in its capacity as trustee, filed a complaint against the Firm styled Deutsche Bank National Trust Company solely in its capacity as Trustee of the Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc. Trust 2007-NC4 v. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC as Successor-by-Merger to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc., and Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc., pending in the Supreme Court of NY. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and alleges, among other things, that the loans in the trust, which had an original principal balance of approximately $1.05 billion, breached various representations and warranties. The complaint seeks, among other relief, specific performance of the loan breach remedy procedures in the transaction documents, compensatory, consequential, rescissory, equitable and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and other related expenses, and interest. On December 11, 2015, the court granted in part and denied in part the Firm’s motion to dismiss the complaint. On October 19, 2018, the court granted the Firm’s motion for leave to amend its answer and to stay the case pending resolution of Deutsche Bank National Trust Company’s appeal to the Court of Appeals in another case. On January 17, 2019, the First Department reversed the trial court’s order to the extent that it had granted in part the Firm’s motion to dismiss the complaint. On June 4, 2019, the Appellate Division, First Department, granted Morgan Stanley’s motion for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals. Based on currently available information, the Firm believes that it could incur a loss in this action of up to approximately $277 million, the total original unpaid balance of the mortgage loans for which the Firm received repurchase demands from a certificate holder and a monoline insurer that the Firm did not repurchase, plus pre- and post-judgment interest, fees and costs, but plaintiff is seeking to expand the number of loans at issue and the possible range of loss could increase.

In matters styled Case number 15/3637 and Case number 15/4353, the Dutch Tax Authority (“Dutch Authority”) has challenged, in the District Court in Amsterdam, the prior set-off by the Firm of approximately €124 million (approximately $141 million) plus accrued interest of withholding tax credits

June 2019 Form 10-Q	70

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

against the Firm’s corporation tax liabilities for the tax years 2007 to 2013. The Dutch Authority alleges that the Firm was not entitled to receive the withholding tax credits on the basis, inter alia, that a Firm subsidiary did not hold legal title to certain securities subject to withholding tax on the relevant dates. The Dutch Authority has also alleged that the Firm failed to provide certain information to the Dutch Authority and keep adequate books and records. A hearing took place in this matter on September 19, 2017. On April 26, 2018, the District Court in Amsterdam issued a decision dismissing the Dutch Authority’s claims. On June 4, 2018, the Dutch Authority filed an appeal before the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam in matters re-styled Case number 18/00318 and Case number 18/00319. On June 26 and July 2, 2019, a hearing of the Dutch Authority’s appeal was held in the matters styled Case number 15/3637 and Case number 15/4353. Based on currently available information, the Firm believes that it could incur a loss in this action of up to approximately €124 million (approximately $141 million) plus accrued interest.

12. Variable Interest Entities and Securitization Activities

Consolidated VIEs

Assets and Liabilities by Type of Activity

	At June 30, 2019						At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	VIE Assets			VIE Liabilities			VIE Assets			VIE Liabilities
OSF	$	248		$	—		$	267		$	—
MABS1	343			15			59			38
Other2	870			61			809			48
Total	$	1,461		$	76		$	1,135		$	86

OSF—Other structured financings

1.	Amounts include transactions backed by residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans and other types of assets, including consumer or commercial assets. The value of assets is determined based on the fair value of the liabilities and the interests owned by the Firm in such VIEs as the fair values for the liabilities and interests owned are more observable.

2.	Other primarily includes certain operating entities, investment funds and structured transactions.

 

 

Assets and Liabilities by Balance Sheet Caption

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks	$	103		$	77
Restricted cash	172			171
Trading assets at fair value	643			314
Customer and other receivables	11			25
Goodwill	18			18
Intangible assets	99			128
Other assets	415			402
Total	$	1,461		$	1,135
Liabilities
Other secured financings	$	44		$	64
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	32			22
Total	$	76		$	86
Noncontrolling interests	$	131		$	106

 

Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities are presented in the previous tables after intercompany eliminations. Most assets owned by consolidated VIEs cannot be removed unilaterally by the Firm and are not generally available to the Firm. Most related liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are non-recourse to the Firm. In certain other consolidated VIEs, the Firm either has the unilateral right to remove assets or provides additional recourse through derivatives such as total return swaps, guarantees or other forms of involvement.

In general, the Firm’s exposure to loss in consolidated VIEs is limited to losses that would be absorbed on the VIE net assets

recognized in its financial statements, net of amounts absorbed by third-party variable interest holders.

	71	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Non-consolidated VIEs

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	MABS			CDO			MTOB			OSF			Other
VIE assets (UPB)	$	77,872		$	3,384		$	6,862		$	2,332		$	22,065
Maximum exposure to loss1
Debt and equity interests	$	8,221		$	241		$	—		$	982		$	6,281
Derivative and other contracts	—			—			4,501			—			2,569
Commitments, guarantees and other	364			—			—			—			430
Total	$	8,585		$	241		$	4,501		$	982		$	9,280
Carrying value of exposure to loss—Assets
Debt and equity interests	$	8,221		$	241		$	—		$	981		$	6,281
Derivative and other contracts	—			—			6			—			153
Total	$	8,221		$	241		$	6		$	981		$	6,434
Additional VIE assets owned2													$	10,921
Carrying value of exposure to loss—Liabilities
Derivative and other contracts	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	161

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	MABS			CDO			MTOB			OSF			Other
VIE assets (UPB)	$	71,287		$	10,848		$	7,014		$	3,314		$	19,682
Maximum exposure to loss1
Debt and equity interests	$	8,234		$	1,169		$	—		$	1,622		$	4,645
Derivative and other contracts	—			—			4,449			—			1,768
Commitments, guarantees and other	397			3			—			235			327
Total	$	8,631		$	1,172		$	4,449		$	1,857		$	6,740
Carrying value of exposure to loss—Assets
Debt and equity interests	$	8,234		$	1,169		$	—		$	1,205		$	4,645
Derivative and other contracts	—			—			6			—			87
Total	$	8,234		$	1,169		$	6		$	1,205		$	4,732
Additional VIE assets owned2													$	11,969
Carrying value of exposure to loss—Liabilities
Derivative and other contracts	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	185

MTOB—Municipal tender option bonds

1.	Where notional amounts are utilized in quantifying the maximum exposure related to derivatives, such amounts do not reflect changes in fair value recorded by the Firm.

2.

Additional VIE assets owned represents the carrying value of total exposure to non-consolidated VIEs for which the maximum exposure to loss is less than specific thresholds, primarily interests issued by securitization SPEs. The Firm’s primary risk exposure is to the most subordinate class of beneficial interest and maximum exposure to loss generally equals the fair value of the assets owned. These assets are primarily included in Trading assets and Investment securities and are measured at fair value (see Note 3). The Firm does not provide additional support in these transactions through contractual facilities, guarantees or similar derivatives.

 

The majority of the VIEs included in the previous tables are sponsored by unrelated parties; examples of the Firm’s involvement with these VIEs include its secondary market-making activities and the securities held in its Investment securities portfolio (see Note 5).

The Firm’s maximum exposure to loss is dependent on the nature of the Firm’s variable interest in the VIE and is limited to:

•	notional amounts of certain liquidity facilities;

•	other credit support;

•	total return swaps;

•	written put options; and

•	fair value of certain other derivatives and investments the Firm has made in the VIE.

The Firm’s maximum exposure to loss in the previous tables does not include the offsetting benefit of hedges or any reductions associated with the amount of collateral held as part of a transaction with the VIE or any party to the VIE directly against a specific exposure to loss.

Liabilities issued by VIEs generally are non-recourse to the Firm.

Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securitization Assets

	At June 30, 2019						At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	UPB			Debt and Equity Interests			UPB			Debt and Equity Interests
Residential mortgages	$	12,843		$	503		$	6,954		$	745
Commercial mortgages	37,960			1,346			42,974			1,237
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations	20,232			3,924			14,969			3,443
Other consumer or commercial loans	6,837			2,448			6,390			2,809
Total	$	77,872		$	8,221		$	71,287		$	8,234

Transfers of Assets with Continuing Involvement¹ 

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	RML			CML			U.S. Agency CMO			CLN and Other2
SPE assets (UPB)3	$	14,334		$	74,243		$	18,449		$	4,157
Retained interests
Investment grade	$	32		$	557		$	455		$	2
Non-investment grade	5			186			—			87
Total	$	37		$	743		$	455		$	89
Interests purchased in the secondary market (fair value)
Investment grade	$	22		$	218		$	862		$	—
Non-investment grade	37			34			—			—
Total	$	59		$	252		$	862		$	—
Derivative assets (fair value)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	85
Derivative liabilities (fair value)	—			—			—			63

June 2019 Form 10-Q	72

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	RML			CML			U.S. Agency CMO			CLN and Other2
SPE assets (UPB)3	$	14,376		$	68,593		$	16,594		$	14,608
Retained interests
Investment grade	$	17		$	483		$	1,573		$	3
Non-investment grade (fair value)	4			212			—			210
Total	$	21		$	695		$	1,573		$	213
Interests purchased in the secondary market (fair value)
Investment grade	$	7		$	91		$	102		$	—
Non-investment grade	28			71			—			—
Total	$	35		$	162		$	102		$	—
Derivative assets (fair value)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	216
Derivative liabilities (fair value)	—			—			—			178

	Fair Value At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Level 2			Level 3			Total
Retained interests
Investment grade	$	469		$	11		$	480
Non-investment grade	21			99			120
Total	$	490		$	110		$	600
Interests purchased in the secondary market
Investment grade	$	1,095		$	7		$	1,102
Non-investment grade	53			18			71
Total	$	1,148		$	25		$	1,173
Derivative assets	$	11		$	74		$	85
Derivative liabilities	61			2			63

	Fair Value At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Level 2			Level 3			Total
Retained interests
Investment grade	$	1,580		$	13		$	1,593
Non-investment grade	174			252			426
Total	$	1,754		$	265		$	2,019
Interests purchased in the secondary market
Investment grade	$	193		$	7		$	200
Non-investment grade	83			16			99
Total	$	276		$	23		$	299
Derivative assets	$	121		$	95		$	216
Derivative liabilities	175			3			178

RML—Residential mortgage loans

CML—Commercial mortgage loans

1.

Beginning June 30, 2019, as permitted by applicable guidance, certain transfers of assets where the Firm’s only continuing involvement is a derivative are only reported in the Assets Sold with Retained Exposure table, and are no longer also included in this table. At December 31, 2018 these transactions were included in CLN and Other and comprised approximately $8 billion in UPB, $20 million in Derivative assets and $119 million in Derivative liabilities.

2.	Amounts include CLO transactions managed by unrelated third parties.

3.	Amounts include assets transferred by unrelated transferors.

The transfers of assets with continuing involvement tables include transactions with SPEs in which the Firm, acting as principal, transferred financial assets with continuing involvement and received sales treatment.

Transferred assets are carried at fair value prior to securitization, and any changes in fair value are recognized in

 

the income statements. The Firm may act as underwriter of the beneficial interests issued by these securitization vehicles, for which Investment banking revenues are recognized. The Firm may retain interests in the securitized financial assets as one or more tranches of the securitization. These retained interests are generally carried at fair value in the balance sheets with changes in fair value recognized in the income statements.

Proceeds from New Securitization Transactions and Sales of Loans

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
New transactions1	$	7,513		$	5,624		$	12,246		$	11,758
Retained interests	635			1,156			3,522			1,637
Sales of corporate loans to CLO SPEs1, 2	—			142			—			236

1.	Net gains on new transactions and sales of corporate loans to CLO entities at the time of the sale were not material for all periods presented.

2.	Sponsored by non-affiliates.

The Firm has provided, or otherwise agreed to be responsible for, representations and warranties regarding certain assets transferred in securitization transactions sponsored by the Firm (see Note 11).

Assets Sold with Retained Exposure

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Gross cash proceeds from sale of assets1	$	34,628		$	27,121
Fair value
Assets sold	$	35,084		$	26,524
Derivative assets recognized in the balance sheets	587			164
Derivative liabilities recognized in the balance sheets	67			763

1.	The carrying value of assets derecognized at the time of sale approximates gross cash proceeds.

The Firm enters into transactions in which it sells securities, primarily equities and contemporaneously enters into bilateral OTC derivatives with the purchasers of the securities, through which it retains exposure to the sold securities.

For a discussion of the Firm’s VIEs, the determination and structure of VIEs and securitization activities, see Note 13 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

	73	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

13. Regulatory Requirements

Regulatory Capital Framework and Requirements    

For a discussion of the Firm’s regulatory capital framework, see Note 14 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

The Firm is required to maintain minimum risk-based and leverage-based capital ratios under regulatory capital requirements. A summary of the calculations of regulatory capital, RWA and transition provisions follows.

Minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements apply to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital (which includes Tier 2 capital). Capital standards require certain adjustments to, and deductions from, capital for purposes of determining these ratios.

In addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements, the Firm is subject to the following buffers in 2019:

 

•	A greater than 2.5% Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer;

•	The Common Equity Tier 1 G-SIB capital surcharge, currently at 3%; and

•	Up to a 2.5% Common Equity Tier 1 CCyB, currently set by U.S. banking agencies at zero.

In 2018, each of these buffers was 75% of the fully phased-in 2019 requirement noted above. Failure to maintain the buffers would result in restrictions on the Firm’s ability to make capital distributions, including the payment of dividends and the repurchase of stock, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers.

The Firm’s Regulatory Capital and Capital Ratios

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Amount			Ratio
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	10.0	%	$	64,011		16.3	%
Tier 1 capital	11.5	%	72,742			18.6	%
Total capital	13.5	%	82,322			21.0	%
Total RWA			391,509
Leverage-based capital
Tier 1 leverage	4.0	%	$	72,742		8.4	%
Adjusted average assets2			868,494
SLR	5.0	%	72,742			6.5	%
Supplementary leverage exposure3			1,124,645

 

 

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Amount			Ratio
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	8.6	%	$	62,086		16.9	%
Tier 1 capital	10.1	%	70,619			19.2	%
Total capital	12.1	%	80,052			21.8	%
Total RWA			367,309
Leverage-based capital
Tier 1 leverage	4.0	%	$	70,619		8.4	%
Adjusted average assets2			843,074
SLR	5.0	%	70,619			6.5	%
Supplementary leverage exposure3			1,092,672

 

1.	Required ratios are inclusive of any buffers applicable as of the date presented. For 2018, the minimum required regulatory capital ratios for risk-based capital are under the transitional rules.

2.

Adjusted average assets represents the denominator of the Tier 1 leverage ratio and is composed of the average daily balance of consolidated on-balance sheet assets during the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, reduced by disallowed goodwill, intangible assets, investments in covered funds, defined benefit pension plan assets, after-tax gain on sale from assets sold into securitizations, investments in the Firm's own capital instruments, certain deferred tax assets and other capital deductions.

3.

Supplementary leverage exposure is the sum of Adjusted average assets used in the Tier 1 leverage ratio and other adjustments, primarily (i) for derivatives: potential future exposure and the effective notional principal amount of sold credit protection offset by qualifying purchased credit protection; (ii) the counterparty credit risk for repo-style transactions; and (iii) the credit equivalent amount for off-balance sheet exposures.

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Firm’s risk-based capital ratios are based on the Standardized Approach rules.

U.S. Bank Subsidiaries’ Regulatory Capital and Capital Ratios    

The OCC establishes capital requirements for the Firm’s U.S. Bank Subsidiaries and evaluates their compliance with such capital requirements. Regulatory capital requirements for the U.S. Bank Subsidiaries are calculated in a similar manner to the Firm’s regulatory capital requirements, although G-SIB capital surcharge requirements do not apply to the U.S. Bank Subsidiaries.

The OCC’s regulatory capital framework includes Prompt Corrective Action (“PCA”) standards, including “well-capitalized” PCA standards that are based on specified regulatory capital ratio minimums. For the Firm to remain an FHC, the U.S. Bank Subsidiaries must remain well-capitalized in accordance with the OCC’s PCA standards. In addition, failure by the U.S. Bank Subsidiaries to meet minimum capital requirements may result in certain mandatory and discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the U.S. Bank Subsidiaries’ and the Firm’s financial statements.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	74

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the U.S. Bank Subsidiaries’ risk-based capital ratios are based on the Standardized Approach rules, and in each period, the ratios exceeded well-capitalized requirements.

MSBNA’s Regulatory Capital

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Amount			Ratio
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	6.5	%	$	15,862		19.6	%
Tier 1 capital	8.0	%	15,862			19.6	%
Total capital	10.0	%	16,148			20.0	%
Leverage-based capital
Tier 1 leverage	5.0	%	$	15,862		11.3	%
SLR	6.0	%	15,862			8.7	%

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Amount			Ratio
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	6.5	%	$	15,221		19.5	%
Tier 1 capital	8.0	%	15,221			19.5	%
Total capital	10.0	%	15,484			19.8	%
Leverage-based capital
Tier 1 leverage	5.0	%	$	15,221		10.5	%
SLR	6.0	%	15,221			8.2	%

MSPBNA’s Regulatory Capital 

	At June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Amount			Ratio
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	6.5	%	$	7,945		27.4	%
Tier 1 capital	8.0	%	7,945			27.4	%
Total capital	10.0	%	7,992			27.6	%
Leverage-based capital
Tier 1 leverage	5.0	%	$	7,945		10.7	%
SLR	6.0	%	7,945			10.2	%

 

	At December 31, 2018
$ in millions	Required Ratio1		Amount			Ratio
Risk-based capital
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	6.5	%	$	7,183		25.2	%
Tier 1 capital	8.0	%	7,183			25.2	%
Total capital	10.0	%	7,229			25.4	%
Leverage-based capital
Tier 1 leverage	5.0	%	$	7,183		10.0	%
SLR	6.0	%	7,183			9.6	%

 

1.	Ratios that are required in order to be considered well-capitalized for U.S. regulatory purposes.

 

U.S. Broker-Dealer Regulatory Capital Requirements

MS&Co. Regulatory Capital

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Net capital	$	12,581		$	13,797
Excess net capital	9,996			11,333

MS&Co. is a registered U.S. broker-dealer and registered futures commission merchant and, accordingly, is subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC and the CFTC. MS&Co. has consistently operated with capital in excess of its regulatory capital requirements.

As an Alternative Net Capital broker-dealer, and in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of SEC Rule 15c3-1, MS&Co. is subject to minimum net capital and tentative net capital requirements. In addition, MS&Co. must notify the SEC if its tentative net capital falls below certain levels. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, MS&Co. has exceeded its net capital requirement and has tentative net capital in excess of the minimum and notification requirements.

MSSB LLC Regulatory Capital

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Net capital	$	3,361		$	3,455
Excess net capital	3,219			3,313

MSSB LLC is a registered U.S. broker-dealer and introducing broker for the futures business and, accordingly, is subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC. MSSB LLC has consistently operated with capital in excess of its regulatory capital requirements.

Other Regulated Subsidiaries

MSIP, a London-based broker-dealer subsidiary, is subject to the capital requirements of the PRA, and MSMS, a Tokyo-based broker-dealer subsidiary, is subject to the capital requirements of the Financial Services Agency. MSIP and MSMS have consistently operated with capital in excess of their respective regulatory capital requirements.

Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Firm are subject to various securities, commodities and banking regulations, and capital adequacy requirements promulgated by the regulatory and exchange authorities of the countries in which they operate. These subsidiaries have consistently operated with capital in excess of their local capital adequacy requirements.    

	75	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

14. Total Equity

Share Repurchases

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Repurchases of common stock under our Share Repurchase Program	$	1,180		$	1,250		$	2,360		$	2,500

The Firm’s 2019 Capital Plan (“Capital Plan”) includes the share repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of outstanding common stock for the period beginning July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020. Additionally, the Capital Plan includes quarterly common stock dividends of up to $0.35 per share, beginning with the common stock dividend announced on July 18, 2019. For information about the Firm's 2018 Capital Plan, see Note 15 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

A portion of common stock repurchases in the current quarter and current year period was conducted under a sales plan with MUFG, whereby MUFG sold shares of the Firm’s common stock to the Firm, as part of the Firm’s Share Repurchase Program. The sales plan is only intended to maintain MUFG’s ownership percentage below 24.9% in order to comply with MUFG’s passivity commitments to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and has no impact on the strategic alliance between MUFG and the Firm, including the joint ventures in Japan.

 

Common Stock Dividends Per Share

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.30		$	0.25		$	0.60		$	0.50

Preferred Stock Outstanding

	Shares Outstanding					Carrying Value
$ in millions, except per share data	At June 30, 2019		Liquidation Preference per Share			At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Series
A	44,000		$	25,000		$	1,100		$	1,100
C1	519,882		1,000			408			408
E	34,500		25,000			862			862
F	34,000		25,000			850			850
G	20,000		25,000			500			500
H	52,000		25,000			1,300			1,300
I	40,000		25,000			1,000			1,000
J	60,000		25,000			1,500			1,500
K	40,000		25,000			1,000			1,000
Total						$	8,520		$	8,520

 

1.	Series C is composed of the issuance of 1,160,791 shares of Series C Preferred Stock to MUFG for an aggregate purchase price of $911 million, less the redemption of 640,909 shares of Series C Preferred Stock of $503 million, which were converted to common shares of approximately $705 million.

For a description of Series A through Series K preferred stock issuances, see Note 15 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K. The Firm is authorized to issue 30 million shares of preferred stock. The preferred stock has a preference over the common stock upon liquidation. The Firm’s preferred stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital in accordance with regulatory capital requirements (see Note 13).

Preferred Stock Dividends

$ in millions, except per share data	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019						Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Per Share1			Total			Per Share1			Total
Series
A	$	253		$	11		$	253		$	11
C	25			13			25			13
E	445			15			445			15
F	430			15			430			15
G	414			8			414			8
H	681			35			681			35
I	398			16			398			16
J	694			42			694			42
K	366			15			366			15
Total				$	170					$	170

  

June 2019 Form 10-Q	76

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

$ in millions, except per share data	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019						Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Per Share1			Total			Per Share1			Total
Series
A	$	503		$	22		$	503		$	22
C	50			26			50			26
E	891			30			891			30
F	859			30			859			30
G	828			16			828			16
H	681			35			681			35
I	797			32			797			32
J	694			42			694			42
K	731			30			731			30
Total				$	263					$	263

 

1.	Dividends on preferred stock are payable quarterly, except for Series H, which was payable semiannually until July 15, 2019 and is now payable quarterly, and Series J, which is payable semiannually until July 15, 2020, and quarterly thereafter.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)¹ 

$ in millions	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			AFS Securities			Pension, Postretirement and Other			DVA			Total
March 31, 2019	$	(901	)	$	(501	)	$	(577	)	$	(494	)	$	(2,473	)
OCI during the period	36			609			3			(226		)	422
June 30, 2019	$	(865	)	$	108		$	(574	)	$	(720	)	$	(2,051	)
March 31, 2018	$	(715	)	$	(1,068	)	$	(710	)	$	(913	)	$	(3,406	)
OCI during the period	(149		)	(126		)	6			605			336
June 30, 2018	$	(864	)	$	(1,194	)	$	(704	)	$	(308	)	$	(3,070	)
December 31, 2018	$	(889	)	$	(930	)	$	(578	)	$	105		$	(2,292	)
OCI during the period	24			1,038			4			(825		)	241
June 30, 2019	$	(865	)	$	108		$	(574	)	$	(720	)	$	(2,051	)
December 31, 2017	$	(767	)	$	(547	)	$	(591	)	$	(1,155	)	$	(3,060	)
Cumulative adjustment for accounting changes2	(8		)	(111		)	(124		)	(194		)	(437		)
OCI during the period	(89		)	(536		)	11			1,041			427
June 30, 2018	$	(864	)	$	(1,194	)	$	(704	)	$	(308	)	$	(3,070	)

 

1.	Amounts are net of tax and exclude noncontrolling interests.

2.

The cumulative adjustment for accounting changes is primarily the effect of the adoption of the accounting update Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This adjustment was recorded as of January 1, 2018 to reclassify certain income tax effects related to enactment of the Tax Act from AOCI to Retained earnings, primarily related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the reduction in the corporate income tax rate to 21%. See Note 2 for further information.

 

Components of Period Changes in OCI

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
$ in millions	Pre-tax Gain (Loss)			Income Tax Benefit (Provision)			After-tax Gain (Loss)			Non- controlling Interests			Net
Foreign currency translation adjustments
OCI activity	$	32		$	33		$	65		$	29		$	36
Reclassified to earnings	—			—			—			—			—
Net OCI	$	32		$	33		$	65		$	29		$	36
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities
OCI activity	$	849		$	(200	)	$	649		$	—		$	649
Reclassified to earnings	(53		)	13			(40		)	—			(40		)
Net OCI	$	796		$	(187	)	$	609		$	—		$	609
Pension, postretirement and other
OCI activity	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Reclassified to earnings	3			—			3			—			3
Net OCI	$	3		$	—		$	3		$	—		$	3
Change in net DVA
OCI activity	$	(330	)	$	82		$	(248	)	$	(20	)	$	(228	)
Reclassified to earnings	3			(1		)	2			—			2
Net OCI	$	(327	)	$	81		$	(246	)	$	(20	)	$	(226	)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
$ in millions	Pre-tax Gain (Loss)			Income Tax Benefit (Provision)			After-tax Gain (Loss)			Non- controlling Interests			Net
Foreign currency translation adjustments
OCI activity	$	(86	)	$	(106	)	$	(192	)	$	(43	)	$	(149	)
Reclassified to earnings	—			—			—			—			—
Net OCI	$	(86	)	$	(106	)	$	(192	)	$	(43	)	$	(149	)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities
OCI activity	$	(162	)	$	39		$	(123	)	$	—		$	(123	)
Reclassified to earnings	(3		)	—			(3		)	—			(3		)
Net OCI	$	(165	)	$	39		$	(126	)	$	—		$	(126	)
Pension, postretirement and other
OCI activity	$	2		$	—		$	2		$	—		$	2
Reclassified to earnings	6			(2		)	4			—			4
Net OCI	$	8		$	(2	)	$	6		$	—		$	6
Change in net DVA
OCI activity	$	841		$	(205	)	$	636		$	34		$	602
Reclassified to earnings	3			—			3			—			3
Net OCI	$	844		$	(205	)	$	639		$	34		$	605

	77	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 20191
$ in millions	Pre-tax Gain (Loss)			Income Tax Benefit (Provision)			After-tax Gain (Loss)			Non- controlling Interests			Net
Foreign currency translation adjustments
OCI activity	$	28		$	15		$	43		$	19		$	24
Reclassified to earnings	—			—			—			—			—
Net OCI	$	28		$	15		$	43		$	19		$	24
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities
OCI activity	$	1,419		$	(333	)	$	1,086		$	—		$	1,086
Reclassified to earnings	(63		)	15			(48		)	—			(48		)
Net OCI	$	1,356		$	(318	)	$	1,038		$	—		$	1,038
Pension, postretirement and other
OCI activity	$	—		$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	—		$	(1	)
Reclassified to earnings	6			(1		)	5			—			5
Net OCI	$	6		$	(2	)	$	4		$	—		$	4
Change in net DVA
OCI activity	$	(1,154	)	$	283		$	(871	)	$	(41	)	$	(830	)
Reclassified to earnings	7			(2		)	5			—			5
Net OCI	$	(1,147	)	$	281		$	(866	)	$	(41	)	$	(825	)

   

	Six Months Ended June 30, 20181
$ in millions	Pre-tax Gain (Loss)			Income Tax Benefit (Provision)			After-tax Gain (Loss)			Non- controlling Interests			Net
Foreign currency translation adjustments
OCI activity	$	(8	)	$	(67	)	$	(75	)	$	14		$	(89	)
Reclassified to earnings	—			—			—			—			—
Net OCI	$	(8	)	$	(67	)	$	(75	)	$	14		$	(89	)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities
OCI activity	$	(697	)	$	164		$	(533	)	$	—		$	(533	)
Reclassified to earnings	(3		)	—			(3		)	—			(3		)
Net OCI	$	(700	)	$	164		$	(536	)	$	—		$	(536	)
Pension, postretirement and other
OCI activity	$	2		$	—		$	2		$	—		$	2
Reclassified to earnings	12			(3		)	9			—			9
Net OCI	$	14		$	(3	)	$	11		$	—		$	11
Change in net DVA
OCI activity	$	1,421		$	(345	)	$	1,076		$	49		$	1,027
Reclassified to earnings	18			(4		)	14			—			14
Net OCI	$	1,439		$	(349	)	$	1,090		$	49		$	1,041

 

1.	Exclusive of cumulative adjustments related to the adoption of certain accounting updates. Refer to the table below and Note 2 for further information.

 

Cumulative Adjustments to Retained Earnings Related to the Adoption of Accounting Updates¹ 

	Six Months Ended
$ in millions	June 30, 2019
Leases	$	63

	Six Months Ended
$ in millions	June 30, 2018
Revenues from contracts with customers2	$	(32	)
Derivatives and hedging—targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities2	(99		)
Reclassification of certain tax effects from AOCI2	443
Other3	(6		)
Total	$	306

1.	There were no cumulative adjustments to retained earnings related to the adoption of accounting updates for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

2.	See Note 2 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K for further information.

3.	Other includes the adoption of accounting updates related to Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (other than the provision around presenting unrealized DVA in OCI, which the Firm early adopted in 2016) and Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets. The impact of these adoptions on Retained earnings was not significant.

 

15. Earnings per Common Share

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
in millions, except for per share data	2019			2018			2019			2018
Earnings applicable to Morgan Stanley common shareholders	$	2,031		$	2,267		$	4,367		$	4,842
Basic EPS
Weighted average common shares outstanding	1,634			1,720			1,646			1,730
Earnings per basic common share	$	1.24		$	1.32		$	2.65		$	2.80
Diluted EPS
Weighted average common shares outstanding	1,634			1,720			1,646			1,730
Effect of dilutive RSUs and PSUs	21			28			20			30
Weighted average common shares outstanding and common stock equivalents	1,655			1,748			1,666			1,760
Earnings per diluted common share	$	1.23		$	1.30		$	2.62		$	2.75
Weighted average antidilutive RSUs (excluded from the computation of diluted EPS)	—			1			3			1

June 2019 Form 10-Q	78

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

16. Interest Income and Interest Expense

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Interest income
Investment securities	$	509		$	417		$	984		$	841
Loans	1,196			1,074			2,391			2,012
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities borrowed1	1,047			366			1,994			581
Trading assets, net of Trading liabilities	747			576			1,460			1,116
Customer receivables and Other2	1,007			861			1,967			1,604
Total interest income	$	4,506		$	3,294		$	8,796		$	6,154
Interest expense
Deposits	$	493		$	273		$	955		$	432
Borrowings	1,342			1,258			2,722			2,396
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Securities loaned3	735			446			1,335			848
Customer payables and Other4	907			411			1,741			597
Total interest expense	$	3,477		$	2,388		$	6,753		$	4,273
Net interest	$	1,029		$	906		$	2,043		$	1,881

 

1.	Includes fees paid on Securities borrowed.

2.	Includes interest from Customer receivables and Cash and cash equivalents.

3.	Includes fees received on Securities loaned.

4.	Includes fees received from prime brokerage customers for stock loan transactions entered into to cover customers’ short positions.

Interest income and Interest expense are classified in the income statements based on the nature of the instrument and related market conventions. When included as a component of the instrument’s fair value, interest is included within Trading revenues or Investments revenues. Otherwise, it is included within Interest income or Interest expense.

17. Income Taxes

The Firm is under continuous examination by the IRS and other tax authorities in certain countries, such as Japan and the U.K., and in states and localities in which it has significant business operations, such as New York. The Firm has established a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, and associated interest, if applicable (“tax liabilities”), that it believes is adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, the Firm adjusts such tax liabilities only when new information is available or when an event occurs necessitating a change.

The Firm’s effective tax rate for the current quarter and current year period included recurring-type discrete tax benefits associated with employee share-based payments of $20 million and $127 million, respectively. The Firm’s effective tax rate for the current year period included an intermittent net discrete

 

tax benefit of $101 million primarily associated with the remeasurement of reserves and related interest due to new information with regard to multi-jurisdiction tax examinations.

See Note 11 regarding the Dutch Tax Authority’s challenge, in the District Court in Amsterdam (matters styled Case number 15/3637 and Case number 15/4353), of the Firm’s entitlement to certain withholding tax credits which may impact the balance of unrecognized tax benefits.

It is reasonably possible that significant changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits occur within the next 12 months. At this time, however, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits and the impact on the Firm’s effective tax rate over the next 12 months.

The Firm believes that the resolution of the previous tax examinations will not have a material effect on the annual financial statements, although a resolution could have a material impact in the income statements and on the effective tax rate for any period in which such resolution occurs.

18. Segment, Geographic and Revenue Information

Segment Information

Selected Financial Information by Business Segment

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM			I/E			Total
Investment banking1, 2	$	1,472		$	138		$	(1	)	$	(19	)	$	1,590
Trading	2,558			162			(1		)	13			2,732
Investments	194			—			247			—			441
Commissions and fees1	625			428			—			(74		)	979
Asset management1	103			2,544			612			(39		)	3,220
Other	143			120			(9		)	(1		)	253
Total non-interest revenues3, 4	5,095			3,392			848			(120		)	9,215
Interest income	3,289			1,348			6			(137		)	4,506
Interest expense	3,271			332			15			(141		)	3,477
Net interest	18			1,016			(9		)	4			1,029
Net revenues	$	5,113		$	4,408		$	839		$	(116	)	$	10,244
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	1,463		$	1,243		$	199		$	(2	)	$	2,903
Provision for income taxes	324			290			44			(1		)	657
Income from continuing operations	1,139			953			155			(1		)	2,246
Net income	1,139			953			155			(1		)	2,246
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	18			—			27			—			45
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	1,121		$	953		$	128		$	(1	)	$	2,201

	79	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM			I/E			Total
Investment banking1, 2	$	1,699		$	114		$	—		$	(20	)	$	1,793
Trading	3,128			135			16			14			3,293
Investments	89			3			55			—			147
Commissions and fees1	674			442			—			(77		)	1,039
Asset management1	102			2,514			610			(37		)	3,189
Other	168			74			3			(2		)	243
Total non-interest revenues3, 4	5,860			3,282			684			(122		)	9,704
Interest income	2,195			1,320			17			(238		)	3,294
Interest expense	2,341			277			10			(240		)	2,388
Net interest	(146		)	1,043			7			2			906
Net revenues	$	5,714		$	4,325		$	691		$	(120	)	$	10,610
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	1,812		$	1,157		$	140		$	—		$	3,109
Provision for income taxes	323			281			36			—			640
Income from continuing operations	1,489			876			104			—			2,469
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(2		)	—			—			—			(2		)
Net income	1,487			876			104			—			2,467
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	30			—			—			—			30
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	1,457		$	876		$	104		$	—		$	2,437

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM			I/E			Total
Investment banking1, 2	$	2,623		$	247		$	(1	)	$	(37	)	$	2,832
Trading	5,688			464			(4		)	25			6,173
Investments	275			1			438			—			714
Commissions and fees1	1,246			834			—			(135		)	1,945
Asset management1	210			4,905			1,229			(75		)	6,269
Other	365			200			(6		)	(5		)	554
Total non-interest revenues3, 4	10,407			6,651			1,656			(227		)	18,487
Interest income	6,345			2,761			10			(320		)	8,796
Interest expense	6,443			615			23			(328		)	6,753
Net interest	(98		)	2,146			(13		)	8			2,043
Net revenues	$	10,309		$	8,797		$	1,643		$	(219	)	$	20,530
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	3,058		$	2,431		$	373		$	(4	)	$	5,858
Provision for income taxes	514			554			77			(1		)	1,144
Income from continuing operations	2,544			1,877			296			(3		)	4,714
Net income	2,544			1,877			296			(3		)	4,714
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	52			—			32			—			84
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	2,492		$	1,877		$	264		$	(3	)	$	4,630

 

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
$ in millions	IS			WM			IM			I/E			Total
Investment banking1, 2	$	3,212		$	254		$	—		$	(39	)	$	3,427
Trading	6,771			244			21			27			7,063
Investments	138			3			132			—			273
Commissions and fees1	1,418			940			—			(146		)	2,212
Asset management1	212			5,009			1,236			(76		)	6,381
Other	304			137			13			(4		)	450
Total non-interest revenues3, 4	12,055			6,587			1,402			(238		)	19,806
Interest income	3,999			2,600			18			(463		)	6,154
Interest expense	4,240			488			11			(466		)	4,273
Net interest	(241		)	2,112			7			3			1,881
Net revenues	$	11,814		$	8,699		$	1,409		$	(235	)	$	21,687
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	3,924		$	2,317		$	288		$	—		$	6,529
Provision for income taxes	772			527			55			—			1,354
Income from continuing operations	3,152			1,790			233			—			5,175
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(4		)	—			—			—			(4		)
Net income	3,148			1,790			233			—			5,171
Net income applicable to noncontrolling interests	64			—			2			—			66
Net income applicable to Morgan Stanley	$	3,084		$	1,790		$	231		$	—		$	5,105

I/E–Intersegment Eliminations

1.

Approximately 90% of Investment Banking revenues in the current quarter and current year period and approximately 85% of Investment banking revenues in the prior year quarter and prior year period were accounted for under the Revenues from Contracts with Customers accounting update. In all periods presented, substantially all of Commissions and fees and Asset management revenues were accounted for under this accounting update.

2.

Current quarter Institutional Securities Investment banking revenues are composed of $506 million of Advisory and $966 million of Underwriting revenues. Prior year quarter Institutional Securities Investment banking revenues are composed of $618 million of Advisory and $1,081 million of Underwriting revenues. Current year period Institutional Securities Investment banking revenues are composed of $912 million of Advisory and $1,711 million of Underwriting revenues. Prior year period Institutional Securities Investment banking revenues are composed of $1,192 million of Advisory and $2,020 million of Underwriting revenues.

3.

The Firm enters into certain contracts which contain a current obligation to perform services in the future. Excluding contracts where billing is commensurate with the value of the services performed at each stage of the contract, contracts with variable consideration that is subject to reversal, and contracts with less than one year duration, we expect to record the following approximate revenues in the future: $94 million in the remainder of 2019 and $119 million in 2020; between $40 million and $75 million per year in 2021 through 2025; and $10 million per year thereafter through 2035. These revenues are primarily related to certain commodities contracts with customers.

4.	Includes $725 million and $862 million in revenue recognized in the current quarter and prior year quarter, respectively, and $1,344 million and $1,628 million in revenue recognized in the current year period and prior year period, respectively, where some or all services were performed in prior periods. This amount is primarily composed of investment banking advisory fees and distribution fees.

For a discussion about the Firm’s business segments, see Note 21 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	80

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Total Assets by Business Segment

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Institutional Securities	$	696,748		$	646,427
Wealth Management1	189,811			202,392
Investment Management	5,400			4,712
Total2	$	891,959		$	853,531

 

1.	The Firm acquired Solium Capital Inc. in the current quarter and as a result recorded Goodwill of approximately $469 million and Intangible assets of approximately $268 million.

2.	Parent assets have been fully allocated to the business segments.

Additional Segment Information—Investment Management

Net Unrealized Carried Interest

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Net cumulative unrealized carried interest at risk of reversing	$	540		$	434

The Firm’s portion of net cumulative unrealized carried interest (for which the Firm is not obligated to pay compensation) are at risk of reversing if the fund performance falls below the stated investment management agreement benchmarks. See Note 11 for information regarding general partner guarantees, which include potential obligations to return performance-based fees in the form of carried interest previously received.

 

Reduction of Fees due to Fee Waivers

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Fee waivers	$	10		$	16		$	21		$	34

The Firm waives a portion of its fees in the Investment Management business segment from certain registered money market funds that comply with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Separately, the Firm’s employees, including its senior officers, may participate on the same terms and conditions as other investors in certain funds that the Firm sponsors primarily for client investment, and the Firm may waive or lower applicable fees and charges for its employees.

 

Geographic Information

 

Net Revenues by Region

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Americas	$	7,526		$	7,614		$	14,847		$	15,632
EMEA	1,576			1,829			3,278			3,537
Asia	1,142			1,167			2,405			2,518
Total	$	10,244		$	10,610		$	20,530		$	21,687

For a discussion about the Firm’s geographic net revenues, see Note 21 to the financial statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

Revenue Information

Trading Revenues by Product Type

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Interest rate	$	604		$	781		$	1,389		$	1,652
Foreign exchange	73			138			314			399
Equity security and index1	1,478			1,785			2,929			3,661
Commodity and other	264			358			686			794
Credit	313			231			855			557
Total	$	2,732		$	3,293		$	6,173		$	7,063

 

1.	Dividend income is included within equity security and index contracts.

The previous table summarizes gains and losses included in Trading revenues in the income statements. These activities include revenues related to derivative and non-derivative financial instruments. The Firm generally utilizes financial instruments across a variety of product types in connection with its market-making and related risk management strategies. The trading revenues presented in the table are not representative of the manner in which the Firm manages its business activities and are prepared in a manner similar to the presentation of trading revenues for regulatory reporting purposes.

 

Receivables related to Revenues from Contracts with Customers

$ in millions	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
Customer and other receivables	$	2,536		$	2,308

Receivables from contracts with customers, which are included within Customer and other receivables in the balance sheets, arise when the Firm has both recorded revenues and has the right per the contract to bill the customer.

	81	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

19. Subsequent Events

The Firm has evaluated subsequent events for adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements through the date of this report and has not identified any recordable or disclosable events not otherwise reported in these financial statements or the notes thereto.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	82

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Table of Contents
Financial Data Supplement (Unaudited)

Average Balances and Interest Rates and Net Interest Income

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019											2018
$ in millions	Average Daily Balance				Interest				Annualized Average Rate			Average Daily Balance				Interest				Annualized Average Rate
Interest earning assets
Investment securities1	$	99,634			$	509			2.0	%		$	79,502			$	417			2.1	%
Loans1	118,091				1,196				4.1			111,939				1,074				3.8
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities borrowed2:
U.S.	145,795				1,005				2.8			137,413				463				1.4
Non-U.S.	76,144				42				0.2			90,114				(97		)		(0.4	)
Trading assets, net of Trading liabilities3:
U.S.	81,129				661				3.3			56,327				525				3.7
Non-U.S.	12,749				86				2.7			7,926				51				2.6
Customer receivables and Other4:
U.S.	60,536				710				4.7			69,654				623				3.6
Non-U.S.	60,807				297				2.0			55,130				238				1.7
Total	$	654,885			$	4,506			2.8	%		$	608,005			$	3,294			2.2	%
Interest bearing liabilities
Deposits1	$	175,967			$	493			1.1	%		$	165,251			$	273			0.7	%
Borrowings1, 5	192,518				1,342				2.8			192,122				1,258				2.6
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Securities loaned6:
U.S.	35,268				534				6.1			24,868				321				5.2
Non-U.S.	31,342				201				2.6			39,536				125				1.3
Customer payables and Other7:
U.S.	124,119				585				1.9			121,968				208				0.7
Non-U.S.	64,693				322				2.0			72,915				203				1.1
Total	$	623,907			$	3,477			2.2	%		$	616,660			$	2,388			1.6	%
Net interest income and net interest rate spread					$	1,029			0.6	%						$	906			0.6	%

 

	83	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Financial Data Supplement (Unaudited)

Average Balances and Interest Rates and Net Interest Income

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019											2018
$ in millions	Average Daily Balance				Interest				Annualized Average Rate			Average Daily Balance				Interest				Annualized Average Rate
Interest earning assets
Investment securities1	$	97,283			$	984			2.0	%		$	80,016			$	841			2.1	%
Loans1	117,398				2,391				4.1			108,193				2,012				3.8
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities borrowed2:
U.S.	143,119				1,939				2.7			130,611				772				1.2
Non-U.S.	77,389				55				0.1			89,074				(191		)		(0.4	)
Trading assets, net of Trading liabilities3:
U.S.	77,646				1,292				3.4			55,089				1,012				3.7
Non-U.S.	12,488				168				2.7			6,051				104				3.5
Customer receivables and Other4:
U.S.	61,756				1,407				4.6			71,734				1,165				3.3
Non-U.S.	58,824				560				1.9			52,979				439				1.7
Total	$	645,903			$	8,796			2.7	%		$	593,747			$	6,154			2.1	%
Interest bearing liabilities
Deposits1	$	178,478			$	955			1.1	%		$	162,607			$	432			0.5	%
Borrowings1, 5	190,859				2,722				2.9			193,323				2,396				2.5
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Securities loaned6:
U.S.	31,192				984				6.4			24,948				607				4.9
Non-U.S.	31,617				351				2.2			40,091				241				1.2
Customer payables and Other7:
U.S.	121,002				1,139				1.9			121,798				257				0.4
Non-U.S.	65,076				602				1.9			71,210				340				1.0
Total	$	618,224			$	6,753			2.2	%		$	613,977			$	4,273			1.4	%
Net interest income and net interest rate spread					$	2,043			0.5	%						$	1,881			0.7	%

1.	Amounts include primarily U.S. balances.

2.	Includes fees paid on Securities borrowed.

3.	Excludes non-interest earning assets and non-interest bearing liabilities, such as equity securities.

4.	Includes Cash and cash equivalents. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current presentation.

5.	Includes structured notes, whose interest expense is considered part of its value and therefore is recorded within Trading revenues.

6.	Includes fees received on Securities loaned. The annualized average rate was calculated using (a) interest expense incurred on all securities sold under agreements to repurchase and securities loaned transactions, whether or not such transactions were reported in the balance sheets and (b) net average on-balance sheet balances, which exclude certain securities-for-securities transactions.

7.	Includes fees received from prime brokerage customers for stock loan transactions entered into to cover customers’ short positions.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	84

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Table of Contents
Glossary of Common Acronyms

2018 Form 10-K	Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC
ABS	Asset-backed securities
AFS	Available-for-sale
AML	Anti-money laundering
AOCI	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
AUM	Assets under management or supervision
BEAT	Base erosion and anti-abuse tax
BHC	Bank holding company
bps	Basis points; one basis point equals 1/100th of 1%
CCAR	Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCyB	Countercyclical capital buffer
CDO	Collateralized debt obligation(s), including Collateralized loan obligation(s)
CDS	Credit default swaps
CECL	Current expected credit loss
CFTC	U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CLN	Credit-linked note(s)
CLO	Collateralized loan obligation(s)
CMBS	Commercial mortgage-backed securities
CMO	Collateralized mortgage obligation(s)
CVA	Credit valuation adjustment
DVA	Debt valuation adjustment
EBITDA	Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
ELN	Equity-linked note(s)
EMEA	Europe, Middle East and Africa
EPS	Earnings per common share
E.U.	European Union

 

FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FFELP	Federal Family Education Loan Program
FFIEC	Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHC	Financial Holding Company
FICC	Fixed Income Clearing Corporation
FICO	Fair Isaac Corporation
FVA	Funding valuation adjustment
GILTI	Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income
GLR	Global liquidity reserve
G-SIB	Global systemically important banks
HELOC	Home Equity Line of Credit
HQLA	High-quality liquid assets
HTM	Held-to-maturity
I/E	Intersegment eliminations
IHC	Intermediate holding company
IM	Investment Management
IRS	Internal Revenue Service
IS	Institutional Securities
LCR	Liquidity coverage ratio, as adopted by the U.S. banking agencies
LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rate
M&A	Merger, acquisition and restructuring transaction
MSBNA	Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.
MS&Co.	Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
MSIP	Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc
MSMS	Morgan Stanley MUFG Securities Co., Ltd.
MSPBNA	Morgan Stanley Private Bank, National Association
MSSB LLC	Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC
MUFG	Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

	85	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Table of Contents
Glossary of Common Acronyms

MUMSS	Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd.
MWh	Megawatt hour
N/A	Not Applicable
NAV	Net asset value
N/M	Not Meaningful
Non-GAAP	Non-generally accepted accounting principles
NSFR	Net stable funding ratio, as proposed by the U.S. banking agencies
OCC	Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI	Other comprehensive income (loss)
OIS	Overnight index swap
OTC	Over-the-counter
PRA	Prudential Regulation Authority
PSU	Performance-based stock unit
RMBS	Residential mortgage-backed securities
ROE	Return on average common equity
ROTCE	Return on average tangible common equity
ROU	Right-of-use
RSU	Restricted stock unit

 

RWA	Risk-weighted assets
SEC	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SLR	Supplementary leverage ratio
S&P	Standard & Poor’s
SPE	Special purpose entity
SPOE	Single point of entry
TDR	Troubled debt restructuring
TLAC	Total loss-absorbing capacity
U.K.	United Kingdom
UPB	Unpaid principal balance
U.S.	United States of America
U.S. DOL	U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. GAAP	Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
VaR	Value-at-Risk
VAT	Value-added tax
VIE	Variable interest entity
WACC	Implied weighted average cost of capital
WM	Wealth Management

June 2019 Form 10-Q	86

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Table of Contents

Other Information

Legal Proceedings

 

The following new matters and developments have occurred since previously reporting certain matters in the Firm’s 2018 Form 10-K and the Firm's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 (the "First Quarter Form 10-Q"). See also the disclosures set forth under “Legal Proceedings” in the 2018 Form 10-K and the First Quarter Form 10-Q.

Residential Mortgage and Credit Crisis Related Matters

On June 4, 2019, the Appellate Division, First Department granted the Firm’s motion for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals the January 17, 2019 decision in Deutsche Bank National Trust Company solely in its capacity as Trustee of the Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc. Trust 2007-NC4 v. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC as Successor-by-Merger to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc., and Morgan Stanley ABS Capital I Inc., which had reversed the trial court’s partial dismissal of the complaint.

Antitrust Related Matter

On May 23, 2019, plaintiffs in a series of putative class action complaints filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York filed a consolidated amended class action complaint. The first action naming the Firm was styled Alaska Electrical Pension Fund v. BofA Secs, Inc., et al., and the consolidated action is now styled In re GSE Bonds Antitrust Litigation. The purported class period in the consolidated amended complaint is now from January 1, 2009 to January 1, 2016. On June 13, 2019, the defendants filed a joint motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint.

 

European Matters

On May 31, 2019, the Firm filed its response to the plaintiff’s appeal in the Court of Appeal of Milan in the matter styled Banco Popolare Societá Cooperativa v Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc & others.

On June 14, 2019, the Firm filed its response to the public prosecutor’s appeal with the Italian Supreme Court in the matter styled Case number 2012/00406/MNV.

On June 26 and July 2, 2019, a hearing of the Dutch Tax Authority’s appeal was held in the matters styled Case number 15/3637 and Case number 15/4353.

	87	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Firm of its common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

$ in millions, except per share data	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs1		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Month #1 (April 1, 2019—April 30, 2019)
Share Repurchase Program2	3,386,400		$	47.43		3,386,400		$	1,019
Employee transactions3	1,083,981		$	46.46		—		—
Month #2 (May 1, 2019—May 31, 2019)
Share Repurchase Program2	9,351,100		$	45.25		9,351,100		$	596
Employee transactions3	758,008		$	44.04		—		—
Month #3 (June 1, 2019—June 30, 2019)
Share Repurchase Program2	13,758,849		$	43.34		13,758,849		$	—
Employee transactions3	12,382		$	41.07		—		—
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Share Repurchase Program2	26,496,349		$	44.53		26,496,349		$	—
Employee transactions3	1,854,371		$	45.44		—		—

 

1.

Share purchases under publicly announced programs are made pursuant to open-market purchases, Rule 10b5-1 plans or privately negotiated transactions (including with employee benefit plans) as market conditions warrant and at prices the Firm deems appropriate and may be suspended at any time. On April 18, 2018, the Firm entered into a sales plan with Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG”). See Note 14 to the financial statements for further information on the sales plan.

2.

The Firm’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of the Firm’s outstanding stock under a share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Program”). The Share Repurchase Program is a program for capital management purposes that considers, among other things, business segment capital needs, as well as equity-based compensation and benefit plan requirements. The Share Repurchase Program has no set expiration or termination date. Share repurchases by the Firm are subject to regulatory approval. On June 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve published summary results of CCAR and the Firm received a conditional non-objection to its 2018 Capital Plan, where the only condition was that the Firm’s capital distributions not exceed the greater of the actual distributions it made over the previous four calendar quarters or the annualized average of actual distributions over the previous eight calendar quarters. As a result, the Firm’s 2018 Capital Plan included a share repurchase of up to $4.7 billion of its outstanding common stock during the period beginning July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019. During the quarter ended June 30, 2019 the Firm repurchased approximately $1.2 billion of the Firm’s outstanding common stock as part of its Share Repurchase Program. On June 27, 2019, the Federal Reserve published summary results of CCAR and and the Firm received a non-objection to its 2019 Capital Plan. The Firm’s 2019 Capital Plan includes a share repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of its outstanding common stock during the period beginning July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020. For further information, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Management.”

3.	Includes shares acquired by the Firm in satisfaction of the tax withholding obligations on stock-based awards granted under the Firm’s stock-based compensation plans.

June 2019 Form 10-Q	88

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Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Firm conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Firm’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Firm's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

No change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) occurred during the period covered by this report that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.

Exhibits

An exhibit index has been filed as part of this Report on page E-1.

	89	June 2019 Form 10-Q

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Exhibit Index

Morgan Stanley

Quarter Ended June 30, 2019

 

Exhibit No.		Description
15		Letter of awareness from Deloitte  & Touche LLP, dated August 5, 2019, concerning unaudited interim financial information.
31.1		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1		Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
32.2		Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
101		Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (unaudited): (i) the Consolidated Income Statements—Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (ii) the Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements—Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets—Unaudited at June 30, 2019 and at December 31, 2018, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity—Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (v) the Consolidated Cash Flow Statements—Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

MORGAN STANLEY (Registrant)
By:	/s/ JONATHAN PRUZAN
	Jonathan Pruzan Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
By:	/s/ PAUL C. WIRTH
	Paul C. Wirth Deputy Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 5, 2019

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