UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to __________________

Commission File Number: 000-51378

TechPrecision Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.       ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of September 30, 2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $19.8 million.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of June 17, 2019 was 29,254,594.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the proxy statement for the registrant’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K, or, in the event that the registrant does not prepare and file such proxy statement within such time period, such information will be provided by an amendment to this report containing the applicable disclosures within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Our Business

We are a manufacturer of precision, large-scale fabricated and machined metal components and systems. We offer a full range of services required to transform raw materials into precision finished products. We sell these finished products to customers in three main industry groups: defense, energy and precision industrial. The finished products are used in a variety of markets including: defense, aerospace, nuclear, medical and precision industrial. Our mission is to be a leading end-to-end service provider to our markets by furnishing custom, fully integrated solutions for complete products that require custom fabrication, precision machining, assembly, integration, inspection, non-destructive evaluation and testing.

We work with our customers to manufacture products in accordance with the customers’ drawings and specifications. Our work complies with specific national and international codes and standards applicable to our industry. We believe that we have earned our reputation through outstanding technical expertise, attention to detail, and a total commitment to quality and excellence in customer service.

About Us

We are a Delaware corporation, organized in 2005 under the name Lounsberry Holdings II, Inc. On February 24, 2006, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary Ranor, Inc., or Ranor. Ranor, together with its predecessors, has been in continuous operation since 1956. Since February 24, 2006, our primary business has been the business of Ranor. On March 6, 2006, following the acquisition of Ranor, we changed our corporate name to TechPrecision Corporation. Our acquisition of Ranor was accounted for as a reverse acquisition.

Wuxi Critical Mechanical Components Co., Ltd., or WCMC, a limited company organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China, or China, located in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China, is our other wholly-owned subsidiary.

Our executive offices are located at 1 Bella Drive, Westminster, Massachusetts 01473, and our telephone number is (978) 874-0591. Our website is www.techprecision.com. Information on our website, or any other website, is not incorporated by reference in this annual report.

References in this annual report to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar words refer to TechPrecision Corporation and its subsidiaries, Ranor and WCMC, unless the context indicates otherwise, while references to “TechPrecision” refer to TechPrecision Corporation and not its subsidiaries. 

General

Our manufacturing operations within the United States are situated on approximately 65 acres in North Central Massachusetts. Our 145,000 square foot facility houses state-of-the-art equipment which gives us the capability to manufacture products as large as 100 tons. We offer a full range of services required to transform raw material into precision finished products. Our manufacturing capabilities include: fabrication operations (cutting, press and roll forming, assembly, welding, heat treating, blasting and painting) and machining operations including CNC (computer numerical controlled) horizontal and vertical milling centers. We also provide support services to our manufacturing capabilities: manufacturing engineering (planning, fixture and tooling development, and manufacturing), quality control (inspection and testing), materials procurement, production control (scheduling, project management and expediting), and final assembly.

All manufacturing is done in accordance with our written quality assurance program, which meets specific national codes, and international codes, standards, and specifications. Ranor holds several certificates of authorization issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors. The standards used are specific to the customer’s needs, and we have implemented such standards into our manufacturing operations.

We maintain a representative office in China. At March 31, 2019, we did not have any open customer orders for WCMC in our backlog. We are evaluating how, and if, to utilize the WCMC entity moving forward.

Products

We manufacture a wide variety of products pursuant to customer contracts and based on individual customer needs. We can also provide manufacturing engineering services to assist customers in optimizing their engineering designs for manufacturing efficiency. We do not design the products we manufacture, but rather manufacture according to “build-to-print” requirements specified by our customers. Accordingly, we do not distribute the products that we manufacture on the open market and we do not market any specific products on an on-going basis. We do not own the intellectual property rights to any proprietary marketed product, and we do not manufacture products in anticipation of orders. Manufacturing operations do not commence on any project before we receive a customer’s purchase order. All contracts cover specific products within the capability of our resources.

Although our focus is to provide long-term integrated solutions to our customers on continuous production programs, our activities include a variety of both custom-based and production-based requirements. The custom-based work is typically either a prototype or unique, one-of-a-kind product. The production-based work is repeat work or a single product with multiple quantity releases.

Changes in market demand for our manufacturing expertise can be significant and sudden and require us to be able to adapt to the collective needs of the customers and industries that we serve. Understanding this dynamic, we have developed the capability to transform our workforce to manufacture products for customers across different industries.

We serve our customers in the defense, aerospace, nuclear, medical and precision industrial markets. Examples of products we have manufactured within such industries during recent years include, but are not limited to custom components for ships and submarines, aerospace equipment, components for nuclear power plants and components for large scale medical systems.

Source of Supply

Our manufacturing operations are partly dependent on the availability of raw materials. Most of our contracts with customers require the use of customer-supplied raw materials in the manufacture of their product. Accordingly, raw material requirements vary with each contract and are dependent upon customer requirements and specifications. We have established relationships with numerous suppliers. When we do buy raw materials, we endeavor to establish alternate sources of material supply to reduce our dependency on any one supplier.

Our projects include the manufacturing of products from various traditional as well as specialty metal alloys. These materials may include, but are not limited to: steel, nickel, monel, inconel, aluminum, stainless steel, and other alloys. Certain of these materials are subject to long-lead time delivery schedules. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, or fiscal 2019, three suppliers accounted for 10% or more of our purchased material. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, or fiscal 2018, four suppliers accounted for 10% or more of our purchased material.

Marketing

While we have significant customer concentration, we endeavor to broaden our customer base as well as the industries we serve. We market to our existing customer base and also initiate contacts with new potential customers through various sources including personal contacts, customer referrals, and referrals from other businesses. A significant portion of our business is the result of competitive bidding processes and a significant portion of our business is from contract negotiation. We believe that the reputation we have developed with our current customers represents an important part of our marketing effort.

Requests for quotations received from customers are reviewed to determine the specific requirements and our ability to meet such requirements. Quotations are prepared by estimating the material and labor costs and assessing our current backlog to determine our delivery commitments. Competitive bid quotations are submitted to the customer for review and award of contract. Negotiation bids typically require the submission of additional information to substantiate the quotation. The bidding process can range from several weeks for a competitive bid to several months for a negotiation bid before the customer awards a contract.

Research and Product Development

Many of our customers generate drawings illustrating their projected unit design and technology requirements. Our research and product development activities are limited and focused on delivering robust production solutions to such projected unit design and technology requirements. We follow this product development methodology in all our major product lines. We incurred no expenses for research and development in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018.

Principal Customers

A significant portion of our business is generated by a small number of major customers. The balance of our business consists of discrete projects for numerous other customers. As industry and market demand changes, our major customers may also change. Our ten largest customers generated approximately 98% and 97% of our total revenue in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. Our group of largest customers can change from year to year. Our largest single customer in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 was a prime defense contractor and accounted for 32% and 29% of our net sales during fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. Our defense customers are engaged in the development, delivery and support of advanced defense, security and aerospace systems, including the U.S. Navy’s Virginia-class fast attack submarine program and the U.S. Navy’s Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine program. We also serve customers who supply components to the nuclear power industry, and we build components and major assemblies for large scale medical systems for installation at certain medical institutions.

We historically have experienced, and continue to experience, customer concentration. A significant loss of business from our largest customer or a combination of several of our significant customers could result in lower operating profitability and/or operating losses if we are unable to replace such lost revenue from other sources.  The revenue derived from all of our customers in the designated industry groups for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are displayed in the table below:

The following table displays revenue generated by individual customers in specific industry sectors that accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in either fiscal 2019 or fiscal 2018:

* Revenue from the customer in this market was less than 10% of our total revenue during the period.

At March 31, 2019, we had a backlog of orders totaling approximately $12.6 million. We expect to deliver the backlog over the course of the next two fiscal years. The comparable backlog at March 31, 2018 was $14.0 million. There was no revenue generated by WCMC in fiscal 2019 or fiscal 2018. At March 31, 2019, we did not have any open customer orders for WCMC in our backlog.

Competition

We face competition from both domestic and foreign manufacturers in the manufacture of metal fabricated and machined precision components and equipment. The industry in which we compete is fragmented with no one dominant player. We compete against companies that are both larger and smaller in size and capacity. Some competitors may be better known, have greater resources at their disposal, and have lower production costs. For certain products, being a domestic manufacturer may play a role in determining whether we are awarded a certain contract. Specifically, we face only limited foreign competition for our defense products. For other products, we may be competing against foreign manufacturers who have a lower cost of production. If a contracting party has a relationship with a vendor and is required to place a contract for bids, the preferred vendor may provide or assist in the development of the specification for the product which may be tailored to that vendor’s products. In such event, we would be at a disadvantage in seeking to obtain that contract. We believe that customers focus on such factors as the quality of work, the reputation of the vendor, the perception of the vendor’s ability to meet the required schedule, and price in selecting a vendor for their products.

Government Regulations

A significant portion of our manufacturing services are provided as a subcontractor to prime government contractors. Such prime government contractors are subject to government procurement and acquisition regulations which give the government the right to terminate these contracts for convenience, certain renegotiation rights, and rights of inspection. Any government action which affects our customers who are prime government contractors would affect us.

Because of the nature and use of our products, we are subject to compliance with quality assurance programs, compliance with which is a condition for our ability to bid on government contracts and subcontracts. We believe we are in compliance with all of these programs.

We are also subject to laws and regulations applicable to manufacturing operations, such as federal and state occupational health and safety laws, and environmental laws, which are discussed in more detail below under “Environmental Compliance.” WCMC operates under a business license granted by the appropriate government authorities in China. WCMC must operate under the terms and scope of that license in order to maintain its right to conduct business operations in China.

Environmental Compliance

We are subject to U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that involve the use, disposal and cleanup of substances regulated by those laws and the filing of reports with environmental agencies, and we are subject to periodic inspections to monitor our compliance. We believe that we are currently in compliance with applicable environmental regulations. As part of our normal business practice, we are required to develop and file reports and maintain logbooks that document all environmental issues within our organization. We may engage outside consultants to assist us in keeping current on developments in environmental regulations. Expenditures for environmental compliance purposes during fiscal 2019 and 2018 were not material.

Intellectual Property Rights

Presently, we have no registered intellectual property rights other than certain trademarks for our name and other business and marketing materials. In the course of our business we develop know-how for use in the manufacturing process. Although we have non-disclosure policies in place with respect to our personnel and in our contractual relationships, we cannot assure you that we will be able to protect our intellectual property rights with respect to this know-how.

Personnel

As of March 31, 2019, we had approximately 95 employees, of whom all are full time employees, 22 are salaried and 73 are hourly. None of our employees is represented by a labor union.

Available Information

We maintain a website at techprecision.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available, free of charge, on our website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. These reports are also available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition and the industry in which we operate are subject to various risks. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all of the risks that may be applicable to us. New risks may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all potential risks or to assess the likely impact of all risks. More information concerning certain of these risks is contained in other sections of this annual report on Form 10-K, including in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We face strong competition in our markets.

We face competitive pressures from both domestic and foreign manufacturers in each of the markets we serve.  No one company dominates the industry in which we operate.  Our competitors include international, national, and local manufacturers, some of whom may have greater financial, manufacturing, marketing and technical resources than we do, or greater penetration in or familiarity with a particular geographic market than we have. 

Some competitors may be better known or have greater resources at their disposal, and some may have lower production costs.  For certain products, being a domestic manufacturer may play a role in determining whether we are awarded a certain contract.  For other products, we may be competing against foreign manufacturers who have a lower cost of production.  If a contracting party has a relationship with a vendor and is required to place a contract for bids, the preferred vendor may provide or assist in the development of the specification for the product which may be tailored to that vendor’s products.  In such event, we would be at a disadvantage in seeking to obtain that contract.  We believe that customers focus on such factors as quality of work, reputation of the vendor, perception of the vendor’s ability to meet the required schedule, and price in selecting a vendor for their products.  Some of our customers have moved manufacturing operations or product sourcing overseas, which can negatively impact our sales.  To remain competitive, we will need to invest continuously in our manufacturing capabilities and customer service, and we may need to reduce our prices, particularly with respect to customers in industries that are experiencing downturns, which may adversely affect our results of operations.  We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain our competitive position in each of the markets that we serve.

Because most of our contracts are individual purchase orders and not long-term agreements, there is no guarantee that we will be able to generate a similar amount of revenue in the future.

We must bid or negotiate each of our contracts separately, and when we complete a contract, there is generally no continuing source of revenue under that contract.  As a result, we cannot assure you that we will have a continuing stream of revenue from any contract.  Our failure to generate new business on an ongoing basis would materially impair our ability to operate profitably.  Because a significant portion of our revenue is derived from services rendered for the defense, aerospace, nuclear, large medical device and precision industrial markets, our operating results may suffer from conditions affecting these industries, including any budgeting, economic or other trends that have the effect of reducing the requirements for our services.

Because of our dependence on a limited number of customers, our failure to generate major contracts from a small number of customers may impair our ability to operate profitably.

We have, in the past, been dependent in each year on a small number of customers who generate a significant portion of our business, and these customers change from year to year.  For the year ended March 31, 2019 our largest customer accounted for 32% of our revenue and our three largest customers accounted for approximately 70% of our revenue.  In addition, our backlog at March 31, 2019 was $12.6 million, of which 59% was attributable to three customers. For the year ended March 31, 2018, our three largest customers accounted for approximately 64% of our revenue, with the largest accounting for 29% of our revenue. 

As a result, we may have difficulty operating profitably if there is a default in payment by any of our major customers, we lose an existing order, or we are unable to generate orders from new or existing customers.  Furthermore, to the extent that any one customer accounts for a large percentage of our revenue, the loss of that customer could materially affect our ability to operate profitably.  Since one customer accounted for 32% of our revenue in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the loss of this customer could have a material adverse effect upon our business and may impair our ability to operate profitably. We anticipate that our dependence on a limited number of customers in any given fiscal year will continue for the foreseeable future. There is always a risk that existing customers will elect not to do business with us in the future or will experience financial difficulties.  Furthermore, certain of our customers are early stage companies and are dependent on the equity capital markets to finance their purchase of our products. 

As a result, these customers could experience financial difficulties or business reversals, or lose orders or anticipated orders, which would reduce or eliminate the need for the products which they ordered from us, and as a result they could be unable or unwilling to fulfill their contracts with us.  There is also a risk that our customers will attempt to impose new or additional requirements on us that reduce the profitability of the orders placed by those customers with us.  Further, even if the orders are not changed, these orders may not generate margins equal to our recent historical or targeted results.  If we do not develop relationships with new customers, we may not be able to increase, or even maintain, our revenue, and our financial condition, results of operations, business and/or prospects may be materially adversely affected.

Our backlog figures may not accurately predict future sales or recognizable revenue.

We expect to fill most items of backlog within the next two years. However, because orders may be rescheduled or canceled and a significant portion of our net sales is derived from a small number of customers, backlog is not necessarily indicative of future sales levels. Moreover, we cannot be sure of when during the future 12-month period we will be able to recognize revenue corresponding to our backlog nor can we be certain that revenues corresponding to our backlog will not fall into periods beyond the 12-month horizon.

Any decrease in the availability, or increase in the cost, of raw materials could materially affect our earnings.

The availability of certain critical raw materials, such as steel, nickel, monel, inconel, aluminum, stainless steel, and other alloys, is subject to factors that are not within our control.  At any given time, we may be unable to obtain an adequate supply of these critical raw materials on a timely basis, at prices and other terms acceptable to us, or at all.

If suppliers increase the price of critical raw materials or are unwilling or unable to meet our demand, we may not have alternative sources of supply.  In addition, to the extent that we have existing contracts or have quoted prices to customers and accepted customer orders for products prior to purchasing the necessary raw materials, we may be unable to raise the price of products to cover all or part of the increased cost of the raw materials.

The manufacture of some of our products is a complex process and requires long lead times.  As a result, we may experience delays or shortages in the supply of raw materials.  If we are unable to obtain adequate and timely deliveries of required raw materials, we may be unable to timely manufacture sufficient quantities of products.  This could cause us to lose sales, incur additional costs, delay new product introductions or suffer harm to our reputation.

In addition, costs of certain critical raw materials have been volatile due to factors beyond our control.  Raw material costs are included in our contracts with customers but in some cases we are exposed to changes in raw material costs from the time purchase orders are placed to when we purchase the raw materials for production.  Changes in business conditions could adversely affect our ability to recover rapid increases in raw material costs and may adversely affect our results of operations.

Additionally, changes in international trade duties and other aspects of international trade policy, both in the U.S. and abroad, could materially impact the cost of raw materials. For example, in March 2018, the U.S. imposed an additional 25% tariff under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, on steel products imported into the U.S. The tariff has been imposed on all steel imports, although imports from certain countries were initially excepted, and the tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Mexico and Canada have recently been lifted. The U.S. also imposed a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports into the United States, with initial exemptions for aluminum imported from certain U.S. trading partners. These actions have increased steel and aluminum costs and decreased supply availability. Any increase in steel and/or aluminum prices that is not offset by an increase in our prices could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, if we are unable to acquire timely steel or aluminum supplies, we may need to decline bid and order opportunities, which could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

All of our manufacturing and production is situated in a single location in Massachusetts, which increases our exposure to significant disruption to our business as a result of unforeseeable developments in a single geographic area.

We operate a single manufacturing and production facility in Westminster, Massachusetts. It is possible that we could experience prolonged periods of reduced production due to unforeseen catastrophic events occurring in or around our manufacturing and production facility in Massachusetts.  As a result, we may be unable to shift manufacturing capabilities to alternate locations, accept materials from suppliers, meet customer shipment needs or address other severe consequences that may be encountered, and we may suffer damage to our reputation.  Our financial condition and results of our operations could be materially adversely affected were such events to occur.

Our manufacturing processes are complex, must constantly be upgraded to remain competitive and depend upon critical, high cost equipment that may require costly repair or replacement.

It is possible that we could experience prolonged periods of reduced production due to unplanned equipment failures, and we could incur significant repair or replacement costs in the event of those failures.  It is also possible that operations could be disrupted due to other unforeseen circumstances such as power outages, explosions, fires, floods, accidents and severe weather conditions. 

We must make regular capital investments and changes to our manufacturing processes to lower production costs, improve productivity, manufacture new or improved products and remain competitive.  We may not be in a position to take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures if we fail to update, replace or make additions to our equipment or our manufacturing processes in a timely manner.  The cost to repair or replace much of our equipment or facilities could be significant.  We cannot be certain that we will have sufficient internally generated cash or acceptable external financing to make necessary capital expenditures in the future.

Our production facilities are energy-intensive and we rely on third parties to supply energy consumed at our production facilities.

The prices for and availability of electricity, natural gas, oil and other energy resources are subject to volatile market conditions.  These market conditions often are affected by political and economic factors beyond our control.  Disruptions or lack of availability in the supply of energy resources could temporarily impair our ability to operate our production facility.  Further, increases in energy costs, or changes in costs relative to energy costs paid by competitors, may adversely affect our profitability.  To the extent that these uncertainties cause suppliers and customers to be more cost sensitive, increased energy prices may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The dangers inherent in our operations and the limits on insurance coverage could expose us to potentially significant liability costs and materially interfere with the performance of our operations.

The fabrication of large steel structures involves potential operating hazards that can cause personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment and suspension of operations. The failure of such structures during and after installation can result in similar injuries and damages. Although we believe that our insurance coverage is adequate, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable or that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover future claims that may arise. Claims for which we are not fully insured may adversely affect our working capital and profitability. In addition, changes in the insurance industry have generally led to higher insurance costs and decreased availability of coverage. The availability of insurance that covers risks we and our competitors typically insure against may decrease, and the insurance that we are able to obtain may have higher deductibles, higher premiums and more restrictive policy terms.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, and we cannot be certain that we will maintain profitability in every quarterly reporting period.

Our operating results historically have been difficult to predict and have at times significantly fluctuated from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result of these factors, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our operating expenses do not always vary directly with revenue and may be difficult to adjust in the short term. As a result, if revenue for a particular quarter is below our expectations, we may not be able to proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter, and therefore such a revenue shortfall would have a disproportionate effect on our operating results for that quarter.

Demand in our end-use markets can be cyclical, impacting the demand for the products we produce.

Demand in our end-use markets, including companies in the defense, aerospace, precision industrial, and nuclear industries, can be cyclical in nature and sensitive to general economic conditions, competitive influences and fluctuations in inventory levels throughout the supply chain.  Our sales are sensitive to the market conditions present in the industries in which the ultimate consumers of our products operate, which in some cases have been highly cyclical and subject to substantial downturns.

As a result of the cyclical nature of these markets, we have experienced, and in the future we may experience, significant fluctuations in our sales and results of operations with respect to a substantial portion of our total product offering, and such fluctuations could be material and adverse to our overall financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

We could be adversely affected by reductions in defense spending.

Because certain of our products are used in a variety of military applications, including ships and submarines, we derive a significant portion of our revenue from the defense industry. In fiscal 2019 and 2018, 84% of our revenue was derived from customers in the defense industry. Although many of the programs under which we sell products to prime U.S. government contractors extend several years, they are subject to annual funding through congressional appropriations. While spending authorizations for defense-related programs by the U.S. government have increased in recent years due to greater homeland security and foreign military commitments, these spending levels may not be sustainable and could significantly decline. Future levels of expenditures, authorizations, and appropriations for programs we support may decrease or shift to programs in areas where we do not currently provide services. Changes in spending authorizations, appropriations, and budgetary priorities could also occur due to a shift in the number, and intensity, of potential and ongoing conflicts, the rapid growth of the federal budget deficit, increasing political pressure to reduce overall levels of government spending, shifts in spending priorities from national defense as a result of competing demands for federal funds, or other factors. Our business prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed among other causes by the following:

Failure to obtain and retain skilled technical personnel could adversely affect our operations.

Our production facilities require skilled personnel to operate and provide technical services and support for our business. Competition for the personnel required for our business intensifies as activity increases. In periods of high utilization, it may become more difficult to find and retain qualified individuals, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. This could increase our costs or have other adverse effects on our results of operations.

The extensive environmental, health and safety regulatory regimes applicable to our manufacturing operations create potential exposure to significant liabilities.

The nature of our manufacturing business subjects our operations to numerous and varied federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to pollution, protection of public health and the environment, natural resource damages and occupational safety and health.  Failure to comply with these laws and regulations, or with the permits required for our operations, could result in fines or civil or criminal sanctions, third party claims for property damage or personal injury, and investigation and cleanup costs.  Potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with environmental laws that may be adopted or imposed in the future.

We have used, and currently use, certain substances that are considered hazardous, extremely hazardous or toxic under worker safety and health laws and regulations.  Although we implement controls and procedures designed to reduce continuing risk of adverse impacts and health and safety issues, we could incur substantial cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions, and third party property damage or personal injury claims as a result of violations, non-compliance or liabilities under these regulatory regimes.

As a manufacturing business, we also must comply with federal and state environmental laws and regulations which relate to the manner in which we store and dispose of materials and the reports that we are required to file.  We cannot assure you that we will not incur additional costs to maintain compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that we will not incur significant penalties for failure to be in compliance.

Our systems and information technology infrastructure may be subject to security breaches and other cybersecurity incidents.

We rely on the accuracy, capacity, and security of our information technology systems to obtain, process, analyze, and manage data, as well as to facilitate the manufacture and distribution of products to and from our facility. We receive, process and ship orders, manage the billing of and collections from our customers, and manage the accounting for and payment to our vendors. Maintaining the security of computers, computer networks, and data storage resources is a critical issue for us and our customers, as security breaches could result in vulnerabilities and loss of and/or unauthorized access to confidential information. We may face attempts by experienced hackers, cybercriminals, or others with authorized access to our systems to misappropriate our proprietary information and technology, interrupt our business, and/or gain unauthorized access to confidential information. The reliability and security of our information technology infrastructure and software, and our ability to expand and continually update technologies in response to our changing needs is critical to our business. To the extent that any disruptions or security breaches result in a loss or damage to our data, it could cause harm to our reputation. This could lead some customers to stop using us for building their products and reduce or delay future purchases of our products or use competing products. In addition, we could face enforcement actions by U.S. states, the U.S. federal government, or foreign governments, which could result in fines, penalties, and/or other liabilities and which may cause us to incur legal fees and costs, and/or additional costs associated with responding to the cyberattack. Increased regulation regarding cybersecurity may increase our costs of compliance, including fines and penalties, as well as costs of cybersecurity audits. Any of these actions could materially adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We are subject to regulations related to conflict minerals which could adversely impact our business.

We are subject to SEC rules regarding disclosure of the use of tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold and certain other minerals, known as conflict minerals, in products manufactured by public companies. These rules require that public companies conduct due diligence to determine whether such minerals originated from the Democratic Republic of Congo, or the DRC, or an adjoining country and whether such minerals helped finance the armed conflict in the DRC. These rules require ongoing due diligence efforts, along with annual conflict minerals reports. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including costs to determine the origin of conflict minerals used in our products.

In addition, these rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering conflict-free minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Also, we may face reputational challenges if the due diligence procedures we implement do not enable us to verify the origins for all conflict minerals or to determine that such minerals are DRC conflict-free. We may also encounter challenges to satisfy customers that may require all of the components of products purchased to be certified as DRC conflict-free because our supply chain is complex. If we are not able to meet customer requirements, customers may choose to disqualify us as a supplier.

We currently do not use any conflict minerals in the production of our products, but from time to time we may receive a customer order necessitating the use of conflict minerals. In the event we produce any products utilizing conflict minerals, we will be required to comply with the rules discussed above.

Changes in delivery schedules and order specifications may affect our revenue stream.

Although we perform manufacturing services pursuant to orders placed by our customers, we have in the past experienced delays in scheduling and changes in the specification of our products.  These changes may result from a number of factors, including a determination by the customer that the product specifications need to be changed after receipt of an initial product or prototype.  As a result of these changes, we may suffer a delay in the recognition of revenue from projects and may incur contract losses.  We cannot assure you that our results of operations will not be affected in the future by delays or changes in specifications or that we will ever be able to recoup revenue which was lost as a result of the delays or changes.  Further, if we cannot allocate our personnel to a different project, we will continue to incur expenses relating to the initial project, including labor and overhead.  Thus, if orders are postponed, our results of operations would be impacted by our need to maintain staffing and other expense generating aspects of production for the postponed projects, even though they were not fully utilized, and revenue associated with the project will not be recognized, during this period.  We cannot assure that our operating results will not decline in future periods as a result of changes in customers’ orders.

Negative economic conditions may adversely impact the demand for our services and the ability of our customers to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis.  Any disputes with customers could also have an adverse impact on our income and cash flows.

Negative economic conditions, including tightening of credit in financial markets, may lead businesses to postpone spending, which may impact our customers, causing them to cancel, decrease or delay their existing and future orders with us.  Declines in economic conditions may further impact the ability of our customers to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis.  If customers are unable to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis, it could adversely impact the realization of receivables, the valuation of inventories and the valuation of long-lived assets.  Additionally, we may be negatively affected by contractual disputes with customers, which could have an adverse impact on our income and cash flows.

If our customers successfully assert product liability claims against us due to defects in our products, our operating results may suffer and our reputation may be harmed.

Due to the circumstances under which many of our products are used and the fact that some of our products are relied upon by our customers in their facilities or operations, we face an inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event that the failure, use or misuse of our products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury, property damage or economic loss. We have been subject to product liability claims in the past, and we may be subject to claims in the future. A successful product liability claim or series of claims against us, or a significant warranty claim or series of claims against us could materially decrease our liquidity and impair our financial condition and also materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Our business may be impacted by external factors that we may not be able to control.

War, civil conflict, terrorism, natural disasters and public health issues including domestic or international pandemic have caused and could cause damage or disruption to domestic or international commerce by creating economic or political uncertainties.  Additionally, the volatility in the financial markets and disruptions or downturns in other areas of the global or U.S. economies could negatively impact our business.  These events could result in a decrease in demand for our products, make it difficult or impossible to deliver orders to customers or receive materials from suppliers, affect the availability or pricing of energy sources or result in other severe consequences that may or may not be predictable.  As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We maintain a substantial amount of outstanding indebtedness, which could impair our ability to operate our business and react to changes in our business, remain in compliance with debt covenants and make payments on our debt.

Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including, without limitation:

In addition, our current credit facilities contain, and any future credit facilities will likely contain, covenants and other provisions that restrict our operations. These restrictive covenants and provisions could limit our ability to obtain future financings, make needed capital expenditures, withstand a future downturn in our business, or the economy in general, or otherwise conduct necessary corporate activities, and may prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities that arise in the future.

If we refinance our credit facilities, we cannot guarantee that any new credit facility will not contain similar covenants and restrictions.

We were not in compliance with certain financial covenants under our Berkshire Bank Loan Facility and the People’s Capital and Leasing Corp. Equipment Loan Facility at September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018.

At September 30, 2018, the Company was in violation of the Loan Agreement dated December 20, 2016, or the Berkshire Loan Agreement, with Berkshire Bank, successor by merger to Commerce Bank & Trust Company, as it failed to maintain the required debt service coverage ratio, or DSCR, as defined in the agreement. On November 2, 2018, the Company executed an instrument with Berkshire Bank under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the DSCR, at September 30, 2018. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loan Agreement could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. The waiver does not apply to any future periods.

At March 31, 2018, the Company failed to maintain the DSCR, as defined in the agreement. On June 6, 2018, the Company executed the First Modification to Loan Agreement with Berkshire Bank under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the DSCR at March 31, 2018, and agreed to modify the definition of cash flows in the Berkshire Loan Agreement. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loan Agreement could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. The waiver does not apply to any future periods.

Under our loan with People’s Capital and Leasing Corp., or People’s, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants applicable while the debt remains outstanding, including among other things, that the Company maintain a DSCR, of at least 1.5 to 1.0 during the term of the People’s Loan. At March 31, 2018, the Company was in violation of the DSCR covenant. On May 22, 2018, the Company obtained a waiver of the breach of such covenant from People’s, which waiver covered the breach that otherwise would have occurred in connection with the DSCR testing at March 31, 2018. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the People’s Loan could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the People’s Loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. This waiver does not apply to any future periods.

Our liquidity is highly dependent on our available financing facilities and ability to improve our gross profit and operating income. Our failure to obtain new or additional financing, if required, could impair our ability to both serve our existing customer base and develop new customers and could result in our failure to continue to operate as a going concern. To the extent that we require new or additional financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to get such financing on terms equal to or better than the terms of our credit facilities with Berkshire Bank and Peoples. If we are unable to raise funds through a credit facility, it may be necessary for us to conduct an offering of debt and/or equity securities on terms which may be disadvantageous to us or have a negative impact on our outstanding securities and the holders of such securities. In the event of an equity offering, it may be necessary that we offer such securities at a price that is significantly below our current trading levels which may result in substantial dilution to our investors that do not participate in the offering and a new low trading level for our common stock.

We may need new or additional financing in the future to expand our business or refinance existing indebtedness, and our inability to obtain capital on satisfactory terms or at all may have an adverse impact on our operations and our financial results.

We may need new or additional financing in the future to expand our business, refinance existing indebtedness or make strategic acquisitions, and our inability to obtain capital on satisfactory terms or at all may have an adverse impact on our operations and our financial results. As we grow our business, we may have to incur significant capital expenditures. We may make capital investments to, among other things, build new or upgrade our existing facilities, purchase or lease new equipment and enhance our production processes. If we are unable to access capital on satisfactory terms and conditions, we may not be able to expand our business or meet our payment requirements under our existing credit facilities. Our ability to obtain new or additional financing will depend on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. We may not be able to obtain new or additional financing because we may have substantial debt, our current receivable and inventory balances may not support additional debt availability or because we may not have sufficient cash flows to service or repay our existing or future debt. In addition, depending on market conditions and our financial performance, equity financing may not be available on satisfactory terms or at all. Moreover, if we raise additional funds through issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our current stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to access capital on satisfactory terms and conditions, this could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any deterioration or disruption of the credit and capital markets may adversely affect our access to sources of funding.

Disruptions in the credit markets have in the past severely restricted access to capital for companies. When credit markets deteriorate or are disrupted, our ability to incur additional indebtedness to fund a portion of our working capital needs and other general corporate purposes, or to refinance maturing obligations as they become due, may be constrained. This risk could be exacerbated by future deterioration in the Company’s credit ratings. In addition, if the counterparty backing our existing credit facilities were unable to perform on its commitments, our liquidity could be impacted, which could adversely affect funding of working capital requirements and other general corporate purposes. In the event that we need to access the capital markets or other sources of financing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms or within an acceptable time, if at all.  Our inability to obtain financing on terms and within a time acceptable to us could have an adverse impact on our operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets which may have an unfavorable impact on our stock price and liquidity.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets. The OTC Markets is a significantly more limited market than the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ. The quotation of our shares on the OTC Markets may result in a less liquid market available for existing and potential stockholders to trade shares of our common stock, could depress the trading price of our common stock and could have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future on favorable terms, or at all.

Our stock price may fluctuate significantly.

The stock market can experience significant volatility, and the volatility of stocks often does not relate to the operating performance of the companies represented by the stock.  The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations because of general market conditions and because of factors specifically related to our businesses.

Factors that could cause volatility in the market price of our common stock include market conditions affecting our customers’ businesses, including the level of mergers and acquisitions activity, anticipated changes in spending on national defense by the U.S. Government, and actual and anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, rumors relating to us or our competitors, actions of stockholders, including sales of shares by our directors and executive officers, additions or departures of key personnel, and developments concerning current or future strategic alliances or acquisitions. Volatility in our stock price may also be enhanced by the fact that our common stock is often thinly traded.

These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock at a profit and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock.  In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock.  If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, even if the lawsuit is without merit, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit.  Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management.

The issuance of shares of our common stock as compensation may dilute the value of existing stockholders and may affect the market price of our stock.

We may use, and have in the past used, stock options, stock grants and other equity-based incentives to provide motivation and compensation to our directors, officers, employees and key independent consultants.  The award of any such incentives will result in immediate and potentially substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and could result in a decline in the value of our stock price.  The exercise of these options and the sale of stock issued upon such exercise or pursuant to stock grants may have an adverse effect upon the price of our stock.

Trading volume of our common stock has fluctuated from time to time and is typically low, which may make it difficult for investors to sell their shares at times and prices that investors feel are appropriate.

To date, the trading volume of our common stock has fluctuated, and there is typically a low volume of trading in our common stock. Generally, lower trading volumes adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock, not only in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price, but also through delays in the timing of transactions and reduction in security analysts’ and the media’s coverage of us. This may result in lower prices for our common stock than might otherwise be obtained and could also result in a larger spread between the bid and asked prices for our common stock.

Because of our cash requirements and restrictions in our debt agreements, we may be unable to pay dividends.

In view of the cash requirements of our business, we expect to use any cash flow generated by our business to finance our operations and growth and to service our indebtedness.  Further, we are subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under our debt agreements which restrict our ability to declare or pay any dividend or other distribution on equity, purchase or retire any equity, or alter our capital structure.

The rights of the holders of our common stock may be impaired by the potential issuance of preferred stock.

Our certificate of incorporation gives our board of directors the right to create new series of preferred stock.  As a result, the board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting, dividend, conversion, liquidation or other rights that are superior to the rights associated with our common stock, which could adversely affect the voting power and equity interest of the holders of our common stock.  Preferred stock, which could be issued with the right to more than one vote per share, could be utilized as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change of control.  The possible impact on takeover attempts could adversely affect the price of our common stock.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade their rating on our common stock, or if we fail to meet projections and estimates of earnings developed by such analysts, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that securities analysts publish about us and our business.  The price of our common stock could decline if one or more analysts downgrade their rating on our common stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

In addition, although we do not make projections relating to our future operating results, our operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors.  In this event, the market price of our common stock would likely be adversely affected.

We are limited by our inability to use a short form registration statement on Form S-3, which may affect our ability to access the capital markets, if needed.

A registration statement on Form S-3 permits an eligible issuer to incorporate by reference its past and future filings and reports made under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In addition, Form S-3 enables eligible issuers to conduct primary offerings "off the shelf" under Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. The shelf registration process under Form S-3 combined with the ability to incorporate information on a forward basis, allows issuers to avoid additional delays and interruptions in the offering process and to access the capital markets in a more expeditious and efficient manner than raising capital in a standard offering on Form S-1.

For us to be eligible to use Form S-3 to conduct a registered offering of our securities to investors, either (1) the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates would have to exceed $75 million or (2) our common stock would have to be listed and registered on a national securities exchange. Currently, we do not meet either of those eligibility requirements and are therefore precluded from using a Form S-3 in connection with a registered offering of our securities to investors.

Due to our present inability to use Form S-3, if we wanted to conduct a registered offering of securities to investors, we will be required to use long form registration and may experience delays. In addition, our ability to undertake certain types of financing transactions may be limited or unavailable to us without the ability to use Form S-3. Furthermore, because of the delay associated with long form registration and the limitations on the financing transactions we may undertake, the terms of any financing transaction we are able to conduct may not be advantageous to us or may cause us not to obtain capital in a timely fashion to execute our business strategies.

If we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and investors’ views of us.

We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires public companies to include in their annual report a statement of management’s responsibilities for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, together with an assessment of the effectiveness of those internal controls. Ensuring that we have effective internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently. Our failure to maintain the effectiveness of our internal controls in accordance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business. We could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock, and could result in us being the subject of regulatory scrutiny.

Laws and regulations governing international operations, including the FCPA, may require us to develop and implement costly compliance programs and the failure to comply with such laws may result in substantial penalties.

We must comply with laws and regulations relating to international business operations.  The creation and implementation of compliance programs for international business practices is costly and such programs are difficult to enforce, particularly where reliance on third parties is required.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, prohibits any U.S. individual or business from paying, authorizing payment or offering anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, for the purpose of influencing any act or decision of the foreign official in order to assist the individual or business in obtaining or retaining business.  The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with certain accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the company, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations.  The anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA are enforced primarily by the U.S. Department of Justice.

Compliance with the FCPA is expensive and difficult, particularly in countries in which corruption is a recognized problem.  The failure to comply with laws governing international business practices may result in substantial penalties, including suspension or debarment from government contracting.  Violation of the FCPA can result in significant civil and criminal penalties.  Indictment alone under the FCPA can lead to suspension of the right to do business with the U.S. government until the pending claims are resolved.  Conviction of a violation of the FCPA can result in long term disqualification as a government contractor.

The termination of a government contract or customer relationship as a result of our failure to satisfy any of our obligations under laws governing international business practices would have a negative impact on our operations and harm our reputation and ability to procure government contracts.  The SEC also may suspend or bar issuers from trading securities on U.S. exchanges for violations of the FCPA’s accounting provisions.

We currently maintain an office in China. Accordingly, we, through our WCMC subsidiary, are subject to other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.  China also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Violations of Chinese anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

None.

We own approximately 145,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space at 1 Bella Drive, Westminster, Massachusetts. Our current facilities in Westminster are adequate for our present operational requirements. Our loans from Berkshire Bank are secured by a first lien on all personal and real property of Ranor, including our space in Westminster, Massachusetts.

In October 2017, we renewed our lease for approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China, which currently houses WCMC.  The lease has a two-year term and base rent of approximately $4,000 annually.

Class Action Lawsuit

On or about February 26, 2016, nine former employees, or plantiffs, of Ranor filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court, Worcester County, against Ranor and former and current executive officers of Ranor, alleging violations of the Massachusetts Wage Act, breach of contract and conversion based on a modification made to Ranor’s personal time off policy. Plaintiffs claim that Ranor’s modification to its personal time off, or PTO, policy in April 2014 caused these employees to forfeit earned PTO. Plaintiffs assert their claims on behalf of a class of all current and former employees of Ranor who were affected by the modification to Ranor’s PTO policy.

The Court held a status conference on this matter on February 28, 2019.  At that conference, the Court extended discovery to July 22, 2019.  The Court also ruled that summary judgment motions must be served by August 21, 2019 and filed by September 21, 2019.  Discovery is ongoing.

Not applicable to the registrant.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our executive officers.

Alexander Shen was appointed Chief Executive Officer of TechPrecision on November 14, 2014. Since June 2014, Mr. Shen has served as President of our Ranor subsidiary, and he also serves as president of our WCMC subsidiary. Mr. Shen has experience in a broad range of industries including metal fabrication, automotive, contract manufacturing, safety and security, and industrial distribution.  Prior to joining us, Mr. Shen served in 2013 as President of SIB Development and Consulting, a firm specializing in fixed, monthly cost reduction. Mr. Shen served as President of Tydenbrooks Security Products Group, a security products company, from July 2011 to December 2012. Mr. Shen served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Burgon Tool Steel Company between January 2009 and June 2011, and served as Chief Executive Officer of Ryerson Mexico & Vice President - International for Ryerson, Inc., a multi-national distributor and processor of metals, from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Shen was Division General Manager & Chief Operating Officer at Sumitomo Electric Group from 1998 to 2007, focused on automotive electrical and electronic products. Prior to 1998, he had a 10-year career at the Automotive Division of Alcoa Inc. with roles of increasing responsibility.  Mr. Shen began his career with General Motors, moving to Chrysler, before joining Alcoa Inc.  His career includes multiple international management roles in Japan, China, Mexico, and Europe, and he is fluent in the Chinese and Japanese languages and cultures.  Mr. Shen holds a B.S. in Engineering from Michigan State University.

Thomas Sammons became our Chief Financial Officer in October 2015. Mr. Sammons has also served as Vice President, Finance, of Ranor, Inc. since March 9, 2015.  Prior to joining TechPrecision, Mr. Sammons served as the financial controller of Xchanging Services, Inc., an international provider of technology-enabled business processing, technology and procurement services, from February 2012 through February 2015 and as international controller, and served as business unit controller at Ryerson, Inc., from May 2005 through January 2012.  Mr. Sammons holds certifications as a Certified Management Accountant and a Certified Financial Manager and received his B.S. in Business Administration from SUNY, Empire State College and an M.B.A. from Cornell University.

There are no family relationships among any directors or executive officers.

PART II

Our common stock is traded on the OTCQB Market under the symbol “TPCS”.  Any over-the-counter market quotations of the price of our common stock reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.  

As of June 3, 2019, we had approximately 1,124 record holders of our common stock. We have not paid dividends on our common stock since our incorporation in 2005, and certain covenants in our Loan Agreement with Berkshire Bank prohibit us from paying dividends. We plan to retain future earnings, if any, for use in our business and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On March 15, 2019, Alexander Shen, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, exercised options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to option awards previously granted to Mr. Shen under the Company’s 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan. Pursuant to authorization from the Company’s board of directors, the Company agreed to repurchase the resulting 209,556 shares of common stock (the “Repurchased Shares”) issued to Mr. Shen pursuant to the option exercise (the “Repurchase”) at a negotiated price of $0.90 per share (which was equal to the average of the closing trading prices of the common stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days ending March 13, 2019, the date on which the board of directors of the Company authorized the repurchase, less a discount of 10%), for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $188,600.

The Board approved the Repurchase after considering the issue at two separate meetings held on each of February 5, 2019 and March 13, 2019 and discussing and weighing possible alternative courses of action. Among other matters considered by the Board in approving the Repurchase were the following: (1) the potential benefit to the Company of using funds to repurchase the Repurchased Shares from Mr. Shen in lieu of him selling the Repurchased Shares into the trading markets, which could have resulted in downward pressure on the trading price of the Company’s common stock; (2) the potential benefit to the Company from avoiding the negative inference that could be drawn from the Company’s chief executive officer selling shares into the trading markets; (3) the desire of Mr. Shen to convert a portion of his beneficial ownership in the Company to generate funds that could be used by Mr. Shen to meet a pressing family need; (4) the Company’s cash and liquidity requirements generally, and the Company’s potential alternate use(s) of such funds in the foreseeable future; (5) the Company’s obligations under the terms of its bank credit facility; (6) the ongoing commitment of Mr. Shen to the advancement of the Company’s strategic objectives, and the remaining incentives for Mr. Shen after consummation of the Repurchase to diligently and faithfully discharge this commitment, and (7) the commitment by Mr. Shen that he has no intention or expectation to, and will not, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of additional shares of common stock during the remainder of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the Repurchase made during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019, which were the only repurchases of Company equity securities made during such quarter.

For certain information concerning securities authorized for issuance under our 2016 long-term incentive plan, see “Item 12 - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.”

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected not to provide the information required by this Item.

Statement Regarding Forward Looking Disclosure

The following discussion of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including this section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” may contain predictive or “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of current or historical fact contained in this annual report, including statements that express our intentions, plans, objectives, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions or any other statements relating to our future activities or other future events or conditions are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections made by management about our business, our industry and other conditions affecting our financial condition, results of operations or business prospects. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements due to numerous risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause such outcomes and results to differ include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties arising from:

Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as required by applicable law. Investors should evaluate any statements made by us in light of these important factors.

Overview

We offer a full range of services required to transform raw materials into precision finished products. Our manufacturing capabilities include: fabrication operations (cutting, press and roll forming, assembly, welding, heat treating, blasting and painting) and machining operations including CNC (computer numerical controlled) horizontal and vertical milling centers. We also provide support services to our manufacturing capabilities: manufacturing engineering (planning, fixture and tooling development, manufacturing), quality control (inspection and testing), materials procurement, production control (scheduling, project management and expediting) and final assembly.

All manufacturing is done in accordance with our written quality assurance program, which meets specific national and international codes, standards, and specifications. Ranor holds several certificates of authorization issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors. The standards used are specific to the customers’ needs, and our manufacturing operations are conducted in accordance with these standards.

Because our revenues are derived from the sale of goods manufactured pursuant to a contract, and we do not sell from inventory, it is necessary for us to constantly seek new contracts. There may be a time lag between our completion of one contract and commencement of work on another contract. During such periods, we may continue to incur overhead expense but with lower revenue resulting in lower operating margins. Furthermore, changes in either the scope of an existing contract or related delivery schedules may impact the revenue we receive under the contract and the allocation of manpower. Although we provide manufacturing services for large governmental programs, we usually do not work directly for the government or its agencies. Rather, we perform our services for large governmental contractors. Our business is dependent in part on the continuation of governmental programs which require our services and products.

Our contracts are generated both through negotiation with the customer and from bids made pursuant to a request for proposal. Our ability to receive contract awards is dependent upon the contracting party’s perception of such factors as our ability to perform on time, our history of performance, including quality, our financial condition and our ability to price our services competitively.  Although some of our contracts contemplate the manufacture of one or a limited number of units, we continue to seek more long-term projects with predictable cost structures.

All of our sales recorded for fiscal 2019 were generated in the U.S. We have experienced, and continue to experience, customer concentration. For fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, our largest customer accounted for approximately 32% and 29% of reported net sales, respectively. For fiscal 2019, we had five customers, who each generated in excess of $1.0 million in revenue for the Company, which accounted for approximately 83% of our revenue, in the aggregate. Our sales order backlog at March 31, 2019 was approximately $12.6 million compared with a backlog of $14.0 million at March 31, 2018.

For fiscal 2019, our net sales and net income were $16.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively, compared with net sales of $18.7 million and net loss of $0.3 million, for fiscal 2018.  Our gross margin for fiscal 2019 were 27.6% compared with gross margin of 21.2% in fiscal 2018. Fiscal 2019 reflects a period of efficient project throughput and lower unabsorbed overhead when compared with fiscal 2018. Our gross margin in fiscal 2018 was impacted by higher unabsorbed overhead due to lower project activity and slower replenishment of sales backlog, caused by funding delays for defense customer appropriations. We generated $0.5 million of cash from operating activities in fiscal 2019 and had a cash balance of $2.0 million at March 31, 2019.

Strategy

We aim to establish our expertise in program and project management and develop and expand a repeatable customer business model in all of our markets. We concentrate our sales and marketing activities on customers under three main industry groups, defense, energy and precision industrial. Our strategy is to leverage our core competence as a manufacturer of high-precision, large-scale metal fabrications and machined components to optimize profitability of our current business and expand with key customers in markets that have shown increasing demand.

Defense

Our Ranor subsidiary performs precision fabrication and machining for the defense and aerospace industries, delivering defense components meeting our customers’ stringent design specifications, as well as quality and safety manufacturing standards specifically for defense component fabrication and machining. Ranor has in recent years delivered components consisting of critical sonar housings and fairings, missile tubes, and other critical components in support of, among other projects, the U.S. Navy’s Virginia-class fast attack submarine program and Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine program. In addition, the team at Ranor has successfully developed new, effective approaches to fabrication that continue to be utilized at our facility and at our customer’s own defense component manufacturing facilities. We have endeavored to increase our business development efforts with large prime defense contractors.  Based upon these efforts, we believe there are opportunities to secure additional business with existing and new defense contractors who are actively looking to increase outsourced content on certain defense programs over the next several years.  We believe that the military quality certifications Ranor maintains and its ability to offer fabrication and manufacturing services at a single facility position it as an attractive outsourcing partner for prime contractors looking to increase outsourced production. Sales to defense market customers have generated the largest proportion of our revenues for the last two fiscal years, and we expect sales to defense customers to be our strongest market during fiscal 2020 as well.

Energy

The power generation businesses among our energy market customers are impacted by pricing and demand for various forms of energy (e.g. coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear). Our nuclear customers are typically dependent upon the need for new construction, maintenance, and overhaul and repair by nuclear energy providers. Also, changes in regulation may impact demand and supply. As such, we cannot assure you that we will be able to develop any significant business from the nuclear industry. However, our Ranor subsidiary has the certifications required to produce the necessary components for new nuclear power plants. Because of our manufacturing capabilities, our certification from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and our historic relationships with suppliers in the nuclear power industry, we believe that we are well positioned to benefit from any increased demand in the nuclear sector.

Precision Industrial

The customers within this market are impacted primarily by general economic conditions which may include changes in consumer consumption or demand for commercial construction for infrastructure. We serve a number of different customers in our precision industrial group. Included in this group is a customer who installs proprietary proton beam radiotherapy systems. We manufacture components for these large scale medical systems for this customer.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the 2019 Form 10-K. We consider the policies relating to revenue recognition to be a critical accounting policy. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies during the year ended March 31, 2019, except for revenue recognition as noted below.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires that we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, recovery of long-lived assets, income taxes and the valuation of equity transactions. These estimates and assumptions require management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Actual results may differ under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue and Related Cost Recognition

Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, or ASC 606, sets forth five steps for revenue recognition: identification of the contract, identification of any separate performance obligations in the contracts, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations, and revenue recognition when performance obligations are satisfied.

We recognize revenue over time based on the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer, or at a point in time. This transfer will occur over time when the Company’s performance does not create an asset that has an alternative use to the Company and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Otherwise, control to the promised goods or services transfers to customers at a point in time.

The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and provide title to, or grant a security interest in, work-in-process to the customer. In addition, these contracts contain enforceable rights to payment, allowing the Company to recover both its cost and a reasonable margin on performance completed to date. The combination of these factors indicates that the customer controls the asset (and revenue is recognized) as the asset is created or enhanced. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied 1) over time using input methods (e.g., costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, time elapsed), or 2) at a point in time when units produced are delivered.

Under arrangements where the customer does not have title to, or a security interest in, the work-in-process, our evaluation of whether revenue should be recognized over time requires significant judgment about whether the asset has an alternative use and whether the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. When one or both of these factors is not present, the Company will recognize revenue at the point in time where control over the promised good or service transfers to the customer, i.e. when the customer has taken physical possession of the product the Company built for the customer.

When estimating contract costs, the Company takes into consideration a number of assumptions and estimates regarding risks related to technical requirements and scheduling. Management performs periodic reviews of the contracts to evaluate the underlying risks. Profit margin on any given project could increase if the Company is able to mitigate and retire such risks. Conversely, if the Company is not able to properly manage these risks, cost estimates may increase, resulting in a lower profit margin, or potentially, contract losses.

The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers, program managers, and financial professionals. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability, productivity, and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in performance, the availability and timing of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of any claims included in the estimates to complete. Costs allocable to undelivered units are reported as work in process, a component of inventory, in the consolidated balance sheet. Pre-contract fulfillment costs requiring capitalization are not material.

Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts consist of labor, overhead, and materials. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined.

Income Taxes

We provide for federal and state income taxes currently payable, as well as those deferred because of temporary differences between reporting income and expenses for financial statement purposes versus tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recoverable. The effect of the change in the tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period of the change. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce deferred income taxes to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. If we determine that it is more likely than not that certain future tax benefits may not be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded against deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized. Realization of the remaining deferred tax assets will depend on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and other factors prior to the expiration date of the carryforwards. A change in the estimates used to make this determination could require a reduction in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if they become realizable.

For fiscal 2019, the Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of $2.8 million, which includes the benefit of $2.0 million in loss carryforwards, which expire in varying amounts between 2026 and 2036. Realization is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the loss carryforwards. Although the realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.

As of March 31, 2019, our federal net operating loss carryforward was approximately $8.3 million. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss carryforward will expire in 2038. Furthermore, because of the over fifty-percent change in ownership as a consequence of the reverse acquisition of Ranor in February 2006, the amount of net operating loss carryforward used in any one year in the future is substantially limited. This limitation applies to net operating losses accumulated prior to the ownership change in February 2006.

Effective January 1, 2018, under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, the Company was required to re-measure its net deferred tax assets as a result of the reduction in the maximum corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. This reduced the Company's net deferred tax assets by approximately $0.7 million, which was recorded as additional income tax expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Standards

See Note 3, Accounting Standards Update, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, for a discussion of recently adopted new accounting guidance and new accounting guidance not yet adopted.

Results of Operations

Our results of operations are affected by a number of external factors including the availability of raw materials, commodity prices (particularly steel), macroeconomic factors, including the availability of capital that may be needed by our customers, and political, regulatory and legal conditions in the United States and in foreign markets. Generally, our product mix is made up of short-term contracts with a production timeline of less than twelve months. Units manufactured under the majority of our customer contracts are delivered on time and with a positive gross margin.  Our results of operations are also affected by our success in booking new contracts, the timing of revenue recognition, delays in customer acceptances of our products, delays in deliveries of ordered products and our rate of progress fulfilling obligations under our contracts. A delay in deliveries or cancellations of orders could have an unfavorable impact on liquidity, cause us to have inventories in excess of our short-term needs, and delay our ability to recognize, or prevent us from recognizing, revenue on contracts in our order backlog.

Key Performance Indicators

While we prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, we also utilize and present certain financial measures that are not based on or included in U.S. GAAP. We refer to these as Non-GAAP financial measures.  Please see the section “EBITDA Non-GAAP financial measure” below for further discussion of these financial measures, including the reasons why we use such financial measures and reconciliations of such financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP financial measures.

Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth information from our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, in dollars and as a percentage of revenue. As discussed above, effective April 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Results for reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and are reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting practices under ASC 605:

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Net Sales

Changes in net sales generally reflect a different product mix and project volume when comparing the current and prior fiscal year periods. Net sales were $16.7 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, which includes revenue of $7.6 million associated with the adoption of ASC 606. Net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 were $2.0 million or 11% lower when compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, net sales in our defense and industrial markets decreased by $1.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively, when compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. A slower order flow in the prior fiscal year and a shift in production to products with increased cycle times resulted in lower revenue during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Net sales to energy markets increased by $0.2 million when compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, primarily on new orders for nuclear plant components.

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, parts, labor, overhead and subcontracting costs. Our cost of sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was $12.1 million, which includes $4.9 million associated with the impact of ASC 606, compared to $14.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The decrease of $2.7 million when compared to the same period in the prior year is due primarily to the lower reported revenue dollar volume as the Company started up new project activity and moved closer to targeted levels of production. 

Gross profit was $4.6 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 or $0.6 million higher when compared to $4.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Gross margin was 27.6% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and 21.2% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The driver for improved gross margin was higher margin product mix and higher overhead absorption on increased production activity in the fabrication and machining plants.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Total selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 decreased by approximately $0.3 million due primarily to a decrease in share-based compensation and salary expense when compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

Other Income (Expense)

We reduced our overall interest rates on debt when we refinanced our debt in fiscal 2017. As a result, interest expense and debt cost amortization was lower for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 when compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, and will continue to decrease as we amortize debt principal to maturity. Fiscal 2019 other income includes a gain from the disposal of machinery and equipment for $31,878. The following table reflects other income, interest expense and amortization of debt issue costs for the fiscal years ended March 31:

Income Taxes

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 we recorded tax expense of $423,357 compared to tax expense of $824,486 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The lower tax expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was primarily the result of a lower U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% enacted under the 2017 Tax Act, effective January 1, 2018. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 the Company re-measured its net deferred tax assets, as a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, This reduced the Company's net deferred tax assets by approximately $0.7 million, which was recorded as additional income tax expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. 

The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets at March 31, 2019 was approximately $1.7 million. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a valuation allowance on these items. In the event future taxable income is below management’s estimates or is generated in tax jurisdictions different than projected, the Company could be required to increase the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. This would result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate.

Net Income (Loss)

As a result of the foregoing, for fiscal 2019, we recorded net income of $1.1 million, or $0.04 per share basic and fully diluted, compared with net loss of $0.3 million, or $0.01 per share basic and fully diluted, for fiscal 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2019 was $0.5 million. At March 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.0 million and working capital of $6.3 million. We believe our available cash plus cash provided from operations during fiscal 2020 will be sufficient to fund our operations, capital expenditures and principal and interest payments under our debt obligations through the 12 months from the issuance date of our financial statements.  The table below presents selected liquidity and capital measures at the fiscal years ended:

The following table summarizes the primary components of cash flows for the fiscal years ended:

Financing Arrangements

Berkshire Bank Loan Facility

On December 21, 2016, TechPrecision, through Ranor, closed on a Loan Agreement, or the Berkshire Loan Agreement, with Berkshire Bank, successor by merger to Commerce Bank and Trust Company.  Pursuant to the Berkshire Loan Agreement, Berkshire Bank made a term loan to Ranor in the amount of $2,850,000, or the Term Loan, and made available to Ranor a revolving line of credit in the amount of $1,000,000, or the Revolver Loan, and together with  the Term Loan, collectively, the Berkshire Loans.  The Berkshire Loans are secured by a first lien on all personal and real property of Ranor.  Starting on January 20, 2017, payments on the Term Loan began and will be made in 60 monthly installments of $19,260 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 5.21% per annum, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on December 20, 2021.  A prepayment penalty will apply during the loan term but will not apply if a prepayment is made from either casualty loss insurance proceeds or a condemnation award applicable to any collateral or if a full prepayment is made during the 45-day period immediately preceding the maturity date.  Advances under the Revolver Loan will be subject to a borrowing base equal to the lesser of (A) $1,000,000 and (B) the sum of (i) 80% of eligible accounts receivable, and (ii) the lesser of (a) 25% of eligible raw material inventory and (b) $250,000.  Advances made under the Revolver Loan bear interest at a variable rate equal to the one-month LIBOR plus 275 basis points.  Interest-only payments on advances made under the Revolver Loan will be payable monthly in arrears. Ranor’s obligations under the Berkshire Loan Agreement are guaranteed by TechPrecision.

In connection with the Berkshire Loan Agreement, $2,394,875 of the proceeds from Term Loan were disbursed to a former creditor of the Company, as payment in full of Ranor’s indebtedness owed to such creditor.  Ranor retained $426,467 of the proceeds from the Term Loan for general corporate purposes. 

On December 19, 2018, the Company entered into a Second Modification to Loan Agreement and First Modification and Allonge to Promissory Note with Berkshire Bank, or the Modification. The Modification amends and modifies the Berkshire Loan Agreement, and the related promissory note dated December 20, 2016 made by Ranor in favor of Berkshire in the stated principal amount of $1,000,000. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement and the related promissory note, Ranor was entitled to borrow up to $1,000,000 on a revolving basis. As of the date of the Modification, there were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver Loan. The maturity date of the Revolver Loan was originally December 20, 2018. Under the Modification, the maturity date of the Revolver Loan was extended until December 20, 2020. The Company paid $7,245 of expenses related to the execution of the Modification.

There were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver Loan at March 31, 2019 or March 31, 2018. The Company pays, as consideration for the bank’s commitment to make advances under the Revolver Loan, a nonrefundable commitment fee equal to 0.25% per annum on the average daily difference between the amount of $1,000,000 and the aggregate amount of all advances made under the Revolver Loan as of each quarterly period.

The Berkshire Loan Agreement contains a covenant whereby the Company is required to maintain a debt service coverage ratio or DSCR, of at least 1.2 to 1.0 during the term of the Berkshire Loans.  The DSCR will be measured at the end of each fiscal quarter of the Company.  Pursuant to the Berkshire Loan Agreement, Ranor covenants to cause its balance sheet leverage to be less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, and less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019 and each fiscal year end thereafter. The Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants at March 31, 2019.

Ranor’s annual capital expenditures cannot exceed $1,500,000 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 and each fiscal year end thereafter.  Also, the Berkshire Loan Agreement contains an additional covenant whereby Ranor is required to maintain a loan-to- value ratio of not greater than 0.75 to 1.00, to be measured by appraisal not more frequently than one time during each 365-day period.

The Berkshire Loans may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an “Event of Default” (as defined in the Berkshire Loan Agreement).  Events of Default include (i) the failure to pay any monthly installment payment before the tenth day following the due date of such payment; (ii) the failure of Ranor or TechPrecision to observe, perform or pay any obligations under the Berkshire Loan Agreement or any other obligation to Berkshire Bank; (iii) the failure of Ranor or TechPrecision to pay any indebtedness in excess of $100,000 (other than the Berkshire Loans) when due; (iv) any representation or warranty of Ranor or TechPrecision in the Berkshire Loan Agreement and related documents, or the Loan Documents, being proven to have been incorrect, in any material respect, when made; (v) the failure of Ranor to discharge any attachment, levy or distraint on its property; (vi) any default by Ranor or TechPrecision under any of the collateral security documents executed in connection with the Berkshire Loan Agreement past any applicable grace period; (vii) the failure of Ranor or TechPrecision to file or pay taxes when due, unless such taxes are being contested in a manner permitted under the Loan Documents; (viii) a change in ownership or control of Ranor or change in management of Ranor where either the chief executive officer or chief financial officer as of December 21, 2016 is replaced without Berkshire Bank’s prior consent; (ix) Ranor or TechPrecision ceasing to do business as a going concern, making an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or commencing a bankruptcy or other similar insolvency proceeding; and (x) the entry of a judgment against Ranor or TechPrecision in excess of $150,000. Some of the Events of Default are subject to certain cure periods. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loans could cause the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the Berkshire Loans.

At September 30, 2018, the Company failed to maintain the required DSCR as defined in the Berkshire Loan Agreement. On November 2, 2018, the Company executed an instrument with Berkshire Bank under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the DSCR, at September 30, 2018. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loan Agreement could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. The waiver does not apply to any future periods.

At March 31, 2018, the Company was in violation of the Berkshire Loan Agreement as it failed to maintain the required DSCR as defined in the agreement. On June 6, 2018, the Company executed a waiver and modification agreement with Berkshire Bank under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the DSCR, at March 31, 2018, and agreed to modify the definition of cash flows in the Berkshire Loan Agreement. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loan Agreement could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. The waiver does not apply to any future periods. Concurrent with the execution and delivery of the amendment, the Company agreed to pay Berkshire Bank all expenses incurred in connection with the agreement.

People’s Capital and Leasing Corp. Equipment Loan Facility

On April 26, 2016, TechPrecision, through Ranor, executed and closed a Master Loan and Security Agreement No. 4180, as supplemented with Schedule No. 001, or, together, the MLSA, with People’s Capital and Leasing Corp., or People’s.  The MLSA is dated and effective as of March 31, 2016.  Loan proceeds were disbursed to Ranor on April 26, 2016.  Pursuant to the MLSA, People’s loaned $3,011,648 to Ranor, or the People’s Loan. The People’s Loan is secured by a first lien on certain machinery and equipment of Ranor, or the Equipment Collateral.  Payments on the People’s Loan will be made in 60 monthly installments of $60,921 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 7.90% per annum.  The first monthly installment payment was paid on May 26, 2016.  A prepayment penalty will apply during the first four years of the loan term.  Ranor’s obligations under the MLSA are guaranteed by TechPrecision.  The Company covenants to maintain a DSCR of at least 1.5 to 1.0 during the term of the People’s Loan.  The DSCR will be measured at the end of each fiscal year of the Company. The People’s Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an “Event of Default” (as defined in the MLSA). Some of the Events of Default are subject to certain cure periods. The Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants at March 31, 2019.

In connection with the MLSA, $2,653,353 of the proceeds from the People’s Loan were disbursed to a former creditor of the Company, as payment in full for principal and interest under the Company’s existing facility with the creditor. People’s retained a holdback in the amount of $182,763.  The holdback was released to Ranor on July 6, 2016 after the Company reported a DSCR of 1.82 to 1.0 as of March 31, 2016.  Ranor retained $175,532 of the proceeds from the People’s Loan for general corporate purposes.

On October 4, 2016, TechPrecision and Ranor became committed to Schedule No. 002 to the MLSA, or Schedule 2. Pursuant to Schedule 2, People’s made an additional loan in the amount of $365,852, or the Additional People’s Loan, to Ranor upon the terms and conditions set forth in the MLSA and Schedule 2. Ranor will repay the Additional People’s Loan in monthly installments of principal and interest of $7,399 over 60 months.  The Additional People’s Loan is guaranteed by TechPrecision pursuant to the original Corporate Guaranty from TechPrecision in favor of People’s dated March 31, 2016.  The Additional People’s Loan is secured by a security interest in certain machinery and equipment of Ranor as provided in Schedule 2.

On December 21, 2016, TechPrecision and Ranor closed on an Amendment to the MLSA, or the MLSA Amendment, with People’s. The MLSA Amendment, dated as of December 20, 2016, amends the definition of “Permitted Liens” under the MLSA to include the liens held by Berkshire Bank pursuant to the terms of the Berkshire Loan Agreement and to delete the reference to the liens held by a former creditor of the Company.

At March 31, 2018, the Company was in violation of the DSCR covenant. Under our loan with People’s, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants applicable while the debt remains outstanding, including among other things, that the Company maintain a DSCR of at least 1.5 to 1.0 during the term of the People’s Loan. On May 22, 2018, the Company obtained a waiver of the breach of such covenant from People’s, which waiver covered the breach that otherwise would have occurred in connection with the DSCR testing at March 31, 2018. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the People’s Loan could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the People’s Loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. This waiver does not apply to any future periods. Concurrent with the execution and delivery of the waiver, the Company agreed to pay People’s a covenant waiver processing fee.

Operating activities

Our primary sources of cash are from accounts receivable collections, customer advance payments and project progress payments. Our customers make advance payments and progress payments under the terms of each manufacturing contract. Our cash flows can fluctuate significantly from period to period as the composition of our receivables collections mix changes between advance payments and customer payments made after shipment of finished goods. Cash provided by operations for fiscal 2019 was $0.5 million compared with cash provided by operations of $1.3 million for fiscal 2018, a decrease of $0.8 million.

We had a lower number of customer projects in production at March 31, 2018, which led to a slow cash build at the beginning of fiscal 2019. Fiscal 2019 was marked by an increase in customer project activity which resulted in more cash expended to ramp up production offset in part by cash collected from customer advances and progress payments. Favorable timing with customer delivery schedules in the prior annual period resulted in higher amounts of cash generated for fiscal 2018.

Investing activities

We anticipate that we will continue to make incremental investments in new factory machinery and equipment over the next twelve months. Net cash used in investing activities totaled $0.4 million for fiscal 2019. We expended approximately $0.4 million for new factory machinery and equipment, offset in part by proceeds of $35,309 from the disposition of machinery and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities totaled $0.9 million for fiscal 2018. We expended approximately $1.0 million for new factory machinery and equipment, offset in part by $80,000 in proceeds from the sale of machinery and equipment.

Financing activities

In fiscal 2019 we used $0.8 million in financing activities, primarily comprised of monthly principal payments in connection with our debt obligations. In addition we received proceeds of $0.2 from the exercise of stock options. That amount was entirely offset by a repurchase of common stock from our chief executive officer for $0.2 million.

All of the above activity resulted in a net decrease in cash of $0.7 million in fiscal 2019 compared with a decrease in cash of $0.4 million in fiscal 2018.

The following table sets forth information as of March 31, 2019 as to our contractual obligations:

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not currently have, and have not had during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, any off-balance sheet assets, liabilities or arrangements.

EBITDA Non-GAAP Financial Measure

To complement our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and consolidated statements of cash flows, we use EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure. Net income is the financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP that is most directly comparable to EBITDA. We believe EBITDA provides our board of directors, management and investors with a helpful measure for comparing our operating performance with the performance of other companies that have different financing and capital structures or tax rates. We also believe that EBITDA is a measure frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, and is a measure contained in our debt covenants. However, while we consider EBITDA to be an important measure of operating performance, EBITDA and other non-GAAP financial measures have limitations, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

We define EBITDA as net income plus interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Net income was $1.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to net loss of $0.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2018. EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, was $2.6 million for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $1.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2018. The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure reported in our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended: 

(1) Includes amortization of debt issue costs.

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected not to provide the information required by this Item.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Audit Committee of the

Board of Directors and Stockholders

of TechPrecision Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TechPrecision Corporation (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

TECHPRECISION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION - NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:

Year Ended March 31, 2019

On March 15, 2019, our CEO exercised options to purchase 230,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, pursuant to option awards previously granted under the Company’s 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

TechPrecision Corporation, or TechPrecision, is a Delaware corporation organized in February 2005 under the name Lounsberry Holdings II, Inc. The name was changed to TechPrecision Corporation on March 6, 2006. TechPrecision is the parent company of Ranor, Inc., or Ranor, a Delaware corporation and Wuxi Critical Mechanical Components Co., Ltd., or WCMC, a wholly foreign owned enterprise. TechPrecision, WCMC and Ranor are collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”.

We manufacture large scale metal fabricated and machined precision components and equipment. These products are used in a variety of markets including defense and aerospace, nuclear, medical, and precision industrial. We consider our business to consist of one segment - metal fabrication and precision machining. All of our operations and customers are located in the United States.

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TechPrecision, WCMC and Ranor. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements - In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting practices in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to contract accounting, accounts receivable, inventories, the recovery of long-lived assets, income taxes and the valuation of equity transactions. We base our estimates on historical and current experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents - Holdings of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are considered to be cash equivalents.  U.S. based deposits are maintained in a large regional bank. Our China subsidiary also maintains a bank account in a large national bank in China subject to People’s Republic of China (PRC) banking regulations. Cash on deposit with a large national China-based bank was $8,606 and $1,809 at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts - Accounts receivable are comprised of amounts billed and currently due from customers. Accounts receivable are amounts related to any unconditional right the Company has to receive consideration and are presented as receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. Based on management’s assessment, we provide for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances which remain outstanding after reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. Historically, the level of uncollectible accounts has not been significant. There was no bad debt expense recorded for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Inventories - Work-in-process and raw materials are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Contract Assets - Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time, including retention amounts. The amount of contract assets recorded in the consolidated balance sheet reflects revenue recognized on contracts less associated advances and progress billings. These amounts are billed in accordance with the agreed-upon contract terms or upon achievement of contract milestones. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right becomes unconditional.

Property, plant and equipment, net - Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are accounted for on the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives. The amortization of leasehold improvements is based on the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the improvement. Amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Betterments and large renewals, which extend the life of the asset, are capitalized whereas maintenance and repairs and small renewals are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful lives are: machinery and equipment, 5-15 years; buildings, 30 years; and leasehold improvements, 2-5 years. Upon sale or retirement of machinery and equipment, costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and gains or losses are recognized in the statement of operations.

Interest is capitalized for assets that are constructed or otherwise produced for our own use, including assets constructed or produced for us by others for which deposits or progress payments have been made. Interest is capitalized to the date the assets are available and ready for use. When an asset is constructed in stages, interest is capitalized for each stage until it is available and ready for use. We use the interest rate incurred on funds borrowed specifically for the project. The capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification No. 360, Property, Plant & Equipment (ASC 360), our property, plant and equipment is tested for impairment when triggering events occur and, if impaired, written-down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. The carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group.

Debt Issuance Costs - Costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing for long-term debt are capitalized and presented as a reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt. Costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing for revolving credit facilities and lines of credit are capitalized and presented as other noncurrent assets. Loan acquisition costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loan.

Contract Liabilities - Contract liabilities are comprised of advance payments, billings in excess of revenues, and deferred revenue amounts. Such advances are not generally considered a significant financing component, because they are utilized to pay for contract costs within a one year period. Contract liability amounts are recognized as revenue once control over the underlying performance obligation has transferred to the customer.

Fair Value Measurements - We account for fair value of financial instruments which defines fair value and establishes a framework to measure fair value and the related disclosures about fair value measurements in accordance with ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurement (ASC 820). The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. The FASB establishes a fair value hierarchy used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined into the following three categories: Level 1: Inputs based upon quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date; Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and Level 3: Inputs that are management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instruments’ valuation. In addition, we will measure fair value in an inactive or dislocated market based on facts and circumstances and significant management judgment.  We will use inputs based on management estimates or assumptions, or make adjustments to observable inputs to determine fair value when markets are not active and relevant observable inputs are not available. 

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, as presented in the balance sheet, approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of short and long-term borrowings approximates their fair value. The Company’s short-term and long-term debt is all privately held with no public market for this debt and is considered to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue Recognition - Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), or ASC 606, and related amendments. Prior to April 1, 2018, the Company recognized revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 605 - Revenue Recognition, or ASC 605, utilizing the units of delivery measure of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. For additional information on the new standard and the impact on our results of operations, refer to Note 3: Accounting Standards Updates.

ASC 606 sets forth five steps for revenue recognition: identification of the contract, identification of any separate performance obligations in the contracts, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations, and revenue recognition when performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue over time based on the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to the customer. This transfer will occur over time when the Company’s performance does not create an asset that has an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Otherwise, control to the promised goods or services transfers to customers at a point in time.

The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and provide title to, or grant a security interest in, work-in-process to the customer. In addition, these contracts contain enforceable rights to payment, allowing the Company to recover both its cost and a reasonable margin on performance completed to date. The combination of these factors indicates that the customer controls the asset and revenue is recognized as the asset is created or enhanced. The Company measures progress for performance obligations satisfied over time using input methods (e.g., costs incurred, resources consumed, labor hours expended, and time elapsed).

Under arrangements where the customer does not have title to, or a security interest in, the work-in-process, our evaluation of whether revenue should be recognized over time requires significant judgment about whether the asset has an alternative use and whether the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. When one or both of these factors is not present, the Company will recognize revenue at the point in time where control over the promised good or service transfers to the customer, i.e. when the customer has taken physical possession of the product the Company has built for the customer.

The Company and its customers occasionally enter into contract modifications, including change orders. The Company may account for the modification as a separate contract, the termination of an old contract and creation of a new contract, or as part of the original contract, depending on the nature and pricing of the goods or services included in the modification. In general, contract modifications - as well as other changes in estimates of sales, costs, and profits on a performance obligation - are recognized using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. This method recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes in current and prior periods. A significant change in an estimate on one or more contracts in a period could have a material effect on the consolidated balance sheet or results of operations for that period. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, net cumulative catch-up adjustments were not material. No individual adjustment was material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

If incentives and other contingencies are provided as part of the contract, the Company will include in the initial transaction price the consideration to which it expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using an expected value or most likely amount approach. In the context of variable consideration, the Company limits, or constrains, the transaction price to amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Adjustments to constrain the transaction price, may be due to a portion of the transaction price being in excess of approved funding, a lack of history with the customer, a lack of history with the goods or services being provided, or other items.

Shipping and handling fees and costs incurred in connection with products sold under ASC 606 are recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), and are not considered a performance obligation to our customers.

Contract Estimates - In estimating contract costs, the Company takes into consideration a number of assumptions and estimates regarding risks related to technical requirements and scheduling. Management performs periodic reviews of the contracts to evaluate the underlying risks. Profit margin on any given project could increase if the Company is able to mitigate and retire such risks. Conversely, if the Company is not able to properly manage these risks, cost estimates may increase, resulting in a lower profit margin, or potentially, contract losses.

The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers, program managers, and financial professionals. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability, productivity, and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in performance, the availability and timing of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of any claims included in the estimates to complete. Costs allocable to undelivered units are reported as work in process, a component of inventory, in the consolidated balance sheet. Pre-contract fulfillment costs requiring capitalization are not material.

Selling, general and administrative - Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses include items such as executive compensation and benefits, professional fees, business travel and office costs. Advertising costs are nominal and expensed as incurred. Other general and administrative expenses include items for our administrative functions and include costs for items such as office rent, supplies, insurance, legal, accounting, tax, telephone and other outside services. SG&A consisted of the following for the fiscal years ended March 31:  

Stock-based Compensation - Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock based awards granted to our board of directors and employees. We measure stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize the cost as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expense amounted to $137,352 and $303,175 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 13 - Stock-Based Compensation for additional disclosures related to stock based compensation.

Net Income (Loss) per Share of Common Stock - Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated using net income (loss) divided by diluted weighted-average shares. Diluted weighted-average shares include weighted-average shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of convertible preferred stock and stock options calculated using the treasury stock method. See Note 12 – Capital Stock and Earnings per Share for additional disclosures related to net income (loss) per share.

Operating Leases - Operating leases are charged to operations on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We lease certain office space in China under a non-cancelable operating lease agreement. The lease expires in October 2019.

Foreign currency translation - The majority of our business is transacted in U.S. dollars; however, the functional currency of our subsidiary in China is the local currency, the Chinese Yuan Renminbi. In accordance with ASC No. 830, Foreign Currency Matters (ASC 830), foreign currency translation adjustments of subsidiaries operating outside the United States are accumulated in other comprehensive income, a separate component of equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in the determination of net income.

Income Taxes - In accordance with ASC No. 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted the requirements of ASU 2014-09, which provides a single revenue recognition model for the transfer of promised goods or services in a manner reflective of the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company applied the new revenue guidance retrospectively with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at April 1, 2018 for initial application of the guidance (modified retrospective method). Results for reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and are reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting practices under ASC 605.

With the adoption of ASC 606 the Company changed its revenue recognition model. Revenue is now recognized at a point in time, or over time, using an inputs based methodology that recognizes revenue on cost incurred and labor hours expended, which is different than the units-of-delivery methodology previously utilized under ASC 605. The Company also modified and expanded its disclosures as they relate to revenues and contract balances under ASC 606.

In conformity with the new revenue guidelines, unbilled accounts receivable are classified as contract assets and advance payments and billings in excess of revenue are classified as contract liabilities as of March 31, 2019 and 2018.

The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a cumulative increase to retained earnings of $19,647, net of $7,385 of income tax expense, as of April 1, 2018, driven by changes in contract assets and liabilities. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, we recorded additional revenue of $7.6 million, due to the change in revenue recognition when compared to ASC 605. Under ASC 605 the Company did not recognize revenue prior to delivery if payment, title, risk of loss was tied to delivery. The new guidance was applied to all incomplete contracts at the date of initial application. The following table compares the opening and closing balances for inventories, contract assets and contract liabilities: 

The following tables summarize the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on the consolidated financial statements. The adjustments are the result of timing differences between the recognition of revenue under ASC 606 and ASC 605. Under ASC 605 the Company did not recognize revenue prior to delivery if payment, title, or risk of loss was tied to delivery. Under ASC 606, the Company generally recognizes revenue over time prior to delivery, as control over the promised goods and services transfers to the customer.

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. The guidance in ASU 2016-16 requires companies to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. As such, the Company was required to remeasure an unrecognized deferred tax asset created from the repurchase of land and building from a certain variable interest entity in 2010. The modified retrospective approach was used to transition to the new guidance, with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 resulted in a cumulative increase to retained earnings of $0.4 million as of April 1, 2018.

Issued Standards Not Yet Adopted

In July 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. This amendment provides entities with an additional and optional transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under the new transition method, an entity can initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. As a result, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new leases standard will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP (Topic 840, Leases). ASU 2018-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early application permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of ASU 2018-11 on April 1, 2019 will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This guidance expands the scope of accounting for share-based payment arrangements to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We do not expect that the adoption of ASU 2018-07 on April 1, 2019 will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. Under this amendment, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: 1) a lease liability which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis, and 2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early application permitted. Lessees must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements.  We do not expect that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on April 1, 2019 will have a material impact on our financial statements.

NOTE 4 - REVENUE

The Company generates its revenues primarily from performance obligations completed under contracts with customers in three main market sectors: defense, energy and precision industrial. The period over which the Company performs is generally less than one year. The Company invoices and receives related payments based upon performance progress not less frequently than monthly.

Revenue is recognized over-time or at a point-in-time given the terms and conditions of the related contracts. The Company utilizes an inputs methodology based on estimated labor hours to measure performance progress. This model best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.

The Company’s contract portfolio is comprised of fixed-price contracts and provide for product type sales only. The following table presents net sales on a disaggregated basis by market and contract type:

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $12.6 million of remaining performance obligations, of which $9.3 million were less than 50% complete. The Company expects to recognize all of its remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next 24 months.

We have been dependent in each year on a small number of customers who generate a significant portion of our business, and these customers change from year to year. The following table sets forth information as to net sales from customers who accounted for more than 10% of our net sales for the years ended:  

*Less than 10% of total 

In our Consolidated Balance Sheet, contract assets and contract liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In fiscal 2019, we recognized revenue of $0.9 million related to our contract liabilities at April 1, 2018. At March 31, 2019 contract assets consisted of the following:

NOTE 5 - CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

We maintain bank account balances, which, at times, may exceed insured limits. We have not experienced any losses with these accounts and believe that we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash.

At March 31, 2019, there were trade accounts receivable balances outstanding from three customers comprising 82% of the total trade receivables balance. The following table sets forth information as to trade accounts receivable from customers who accounted for more than 10% of our accounts receivable balance as of:

*less than 10% of total

NOTE 6 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Depreciation expense, which includes amortization of equipment under capital leases, for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $749,755 and $704,284, respectively. Accumulated amortization of equipment accounted for as capitalized leases was $24,469 and $13,594 at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We capitalize interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets. Capitalized interest for the year ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $2,466 and $14,791, respectively.

NOTE 7 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

NOTE 8 - OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS

In fiscal 2019 we amortized $6,860 of deferred financing costs related to the initial term of our revolving line of credit which expired in December 2018. In December 2018 we paid $7,245 in closing costs to renew our revolving line of credit with Berkshire Bank. At March 31, 2019, there are no amounts outstanding under the line of credit. See Note 10 – Debt.  

NOTE 9 - ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued compensation includes amounts for executive bonuses, payroll and vacation and holiday pay. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in the provision are recorded in cost of sales. Accrued project costs are estimates for certain project expenses during the reporting period.

NOTE 10 - DEBT

Berkshire Bank Loan Facility

On December 21, 2016, TechPrecision, through Ranor, closed on a Loan Agreement, or the Berkshire Loan Agreement, with Berkshire Bank, successor by merger to Commerce Bank & Trust Company.  Pursuant to the Berkshire Loan Agreement, Berkshire Bank made a term loan to Ranor in the amount of $2,850,000, or the Term Loan, and made available to Ranor a revolving line of credit in the amount of $1,000,000, or the Revolver Loan, and together with  the Term Loan, collectively, the Berkshire Loans.  The Berkshire Loans are secured by a first lien on all personal and real property of Ranor.  Starting on January 20, 2017, payments on the Term Loan began and will be made in 60 monthly installments of $19,260 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 5.21% per annum, with all outstanding principal and accrued interest due and payable on December 20, 2021.  A prepayment penalty will apply during the loan term but will not apply if a prepayment is made from either casualty loss insurance proceeds or a condemnation award applicable to any collateral or if a full prepayment is made during the 45-day period immediately preceding the maturity date.  Advances under the Revolver Loan will be subject to a borrowing base equal to the lesser of (A) $1,000,000 and (B) the sum of (i) 80% of eligible accounts receivable, and (ii) the lesser of (a) 25% of eligible raw material inventory and (b) $250,000.  Advances made under the Revolver Loan bear interest at a variable rate equal to the one-month LIBOR plus 275 basis points.  Interest-only payments on advances made under the Revolver Loan will be payable monthly in arrears. Ranor’s obligations under the Berkshire Loan Agreement are guaranteed by TechPrecision. The Company pays, as consideration for the bank’s commitment to make advances under the Revolver Loan, a nonrefundable commitment fee equal to 0.25% per annum on the average daily difference between the amount of $1,000,000 and the aggregate amount of all advances made under the Revolver Loan as of each quarterly period. There were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver Loan at March 31, 2019.

In connection with the Berkshire Loan Agreement, $2,394,875 of the proceeds from Term Loan were disbursed to Revere High Yield Fund, LP, as payment in full of Ranor’s indebtedness owed to Revere pursuant that certain Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2014, by and between Ranor and Revere, as amended.  Ranor retained $426,467 of the proceeds from the Term Loan for general corporate purposes. 

The Berkshire Loan Agreement contains a covenant whereby the Company is required to maintain a debt service coverage ratio or DSCR, of at least 1.2 to 1.0 during the term of the Berkshire Loans.  The DSCR will be measured at the end of each fiscal quarter of the Company.  Pursuant to the Berkshire Loan Agreement, Ranor covenants to cause its balance sheet leverage to be less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, and less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019 and each fiscal year end thereafter. The Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants at March 31, 2019. 

Also, Ranor’s annual capital expenditures cannot exceed $2,500,000 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, $1,500,000 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 and each fiscal year thereafter.  The Berkshire Loan Agreement contains an additional covenant whereby Ranor is required to maintain a loan to value ratio of not greater than 0.75 to 1.00, to be measured by appraisal not more frequently than one time during each 365-day period.

The Berkshire Loans may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an “Event of Default” (as defined in the Berkshire Loan Agreement).  Events of Default include (i) the failure to pay any monthly installment payment before the tenth day following the due date of such payment; (ii) the failure of Ranor or TechPrecision to observe, perform or pay any obligations under the Berkshire Loan Agreement or any other obligation to Berkshire; (iii) the failure of Ranor or TechPrecision to pay any indebtedness in excess of $100,000 (other than the Berkshire Loans) when due; (iv) any representation or warranty of Ranor or TechPrecision in the Berkshire Loan Agreement and related documents, or the Loan Documents, being proven to have been incorrect, in any material respect, when made; (v) the failure of Ranor to discharge any attachment, levy or distraint on its property; (vi) any default by Ranor or TechPrecision under any of the collateral security documents executed in connection with the Berkshire Loan Agreement past any applicable grace period; (vii) the failure of Ranor or TechPrecision to file or pay taxes when due, unless such taxes are being contested in a manner permitted under the Loan Documents; (viii) a change in ownership or control of Ranor or change in management of Ranor where either the chief executive officer or chief financial officer as of December 21, 2016 is replaced without Berkshire Bank’s prior consent; (ix) Ranor or TechPrecision ceasing to do business as a going concern, making an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or commencing a bankruptcy or other similar insolvency proceeding; and (x) the entry of a judgment against Ranor or TechPrecision in excess of $150,000. Some of the Events of Default are subject to certain cure periods. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loans could cause the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the Berkshire Loans.

On December 19, 2018, the Company entered into a Second Modification to Loan Agreement and First Modification and Allonge to Promissory Note with Berkshire Bank, or the Modification. The Modification amends and modifies Berkshire Loan Agreement, and the related Promissory Note dated December 20, 2016 made by Ranor in favor of Berkshire in the stated principal amount of $1,000,000. Under the terms of the Berkshire Loan Agreement and the related promissory note, Ranor was entitled to borrow up to $1,000,000 on a revolving basis. As of the date of the Modification, there were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver Loan. The maturity date of the Revolver Loan was originally December 20, 2018. Under the Modification, the maturity date of the Revolver Loan was extended until December 20, 2020. There were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver Loan at March 31, 2019.The Company paid $7,245 of expenses related to the execution of the Modification, which are classified as other noncurrent assets.

Other unamortized debt issue costs at March 31, 2019 and 2018 were $32,982 and $45,936, respectively.

At September 30, 2018, the Company failed to maintain the required DSCR as defined in the Berkshire Loan Agreement. On November 2, 2018, the Company executed an instrument with Berkshire Bank under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the DSCR, at September 30, 2018. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loan Agreement could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. The waiver does not apply to any future periods.

At March 31, 2018, the Company was in violation of the Berkshire Loan Agreement as it failed to maintain the required DSCR as defined in the agreement. On June 6, 2018, the Company executed a waiver and modification agreement with Berkshire Bank under which Berkshire Bank waived the Company’s noncompliance with the DSCR, at March 31, 2018, and agreed to modify the definition of cash flows in the Berkshire Loan Agreement. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the Berkshire Loan Agreement could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. The waiver does not apply to any future periods. Concurrent with the execution and delivery of this amendment, the Company agreed to pay Berkshire Bank all expenses incurred in connection with the amendment.

People’s Capital and Leasing Corp. Equipment Loan Facility

On April 26, 2016, TechPrecision, through Ranor, executed and closed a Master Loan and Security Agreement No. 4180, as supplemented with Schedule No. 001, or, together, the MLSA, with People’s Capital and Leasing Corp., or People’s.  The MLSA is dated and effective as of March 31, 2016.  Loan proceeds were disbursed to Ranor on April 26, 2016.  Pursuant to the MLSA, People’s loaned $3,011,648 to Ranor, or the People’s Loan. The People’s Loan is secured by a first lien on certain machinery and equipment of Ranor, or the Equipment Collateral.  Payments on the People’s Loan will be made in 60 monthly installments of $60,921 each, inclusive of interest at a fixed rate of 7.90% per annum.  The first monthly installment payment was paid on May 26, 2016.  A prepayment penalty will apply during the first four years of the loan term.  Ranor’s obligations under the MLSA are guaranteed by TechPrecision.  The Company covenants to maintain a DSCR of at least 1.5 to 1.0 during the term of the People’s Loan.  The DSCR will be measured at the end of each fiscal year of the Company. The Company was in compliance with the DSCR at March 31, 2019. The People’s Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an “Event of Default” (as defined in the MLSA). Some of the Events of Default are subject to certain cure periods. The Company is in compliance with all of the financial covenants at March 31, 2019.

On October 4, 2016, TechPrecision and Ranor became committed to Schedule No. 002 to the MLSA, or Schedule 2. Pursuant to Schedule 2, People’s made an additional loan in the amount of $365,852, or the Additional People’s Loan, to Ranor upon the terms and conditions set forth in the MLSA and Schedule 2. Ranor will repay the Additional People’s Loan in monthly installments of principal and interest of $7,399 over 60 months.  The Additional People’s Loan is guaranteed by TechPrecision pursuant to the original Corporate Guaranty from TechPrecision in favor of People’s dated March 31, 2016.  The Additional People’s Loan is secured by a security interest in certain machinery and equipment of Ranor as provided in Schedule 2.

On December 21, 2016, TechPrecision and Ranor closed on an Amendment to the MLSA, or the MLSA Amendment, with People’s. The MLSA Amendment, dated as of December 20, 2016, amends the definition of “Permitted Liens” under the MLSA to include the liens held by Berkshire Bank pursuant to the terms of the Berkshire Loan Agreement and to delete the reference to the liens held by a former creditor of the Company.

At March 31, 2018, the Company was in violation of the DSCR covenant. Under our loan with People’s, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants applicable while the debt remains outstanding, including among other things, that the Company maintain a DSCR, of at least 1.5 to 1.0 during the term of the People’s Loan. On May 22, 2018, the Company obtained a waiver of the breach of such covenant from People’s, which waiver covered the breach that otherwise would have occurred in connection with the DSCR testing at March 31, 2018. Subject to the lapse of any applicable cure period, a default under the People’s Loan could have caused the acceleration of all outstanding obligations under the People’s Loan. If the lender had demanded repayment and caused the debt to be considered a short-term obligation, the Company would have been unable to pay the obligation because the Company does not have existing facilities or sufficient cash on hand to satisfy these obligations. This waiver did not apply to any future periods. Concurrent with the execution and delivery of the waiver, the Company agreed to pay People’s a covenant waiver processing fee.

Unamortized debt issue costs at March 31, 2019 and 2018, were $31,720 and 66,139, respectively.

Capital Lease

We entered into a capital lease for certain office equipment. The lease term is for 60 months, bears interest at 7.9% per annum and requires monthly payments of principal and interest of approximately $1,100.

Future payments for all of our debt including the capital lease are as follows: 2020: $822,105, 2021: $887,244 and 2022: $2,588,000.

Collateral securing the above obligations comprises all personal and real property of TechPrecision and Ranor, including cash, accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, financial and intangible assets.

NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES

We account for income taxes under the provisions of FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes.  The following table reflects income from continuing operations by location, and the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rate for the applicable fiscal years ended March 31: 

The income tax expense consists of the following as of March 31:   

A reconciliation between income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the actual tax expense for income taxes reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) follows for fiscal years ended March 31: 

*Effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the income tax expense by income before income taxes.

Our fiscal 2019 taxes were measured at the new lower U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21%. The Tax Act of 2017 reduced the maximum U.S. statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. With the enactment of the Tax Act of 2017, our fiscal 2018 financial results included a re-measurement of our U.S. deferred tax assets at the new lower 21% U.S. statutory income tax rate. U.S. tax law requires that taxpayers with a fiscal year that begins before and ends after the effective date of a rate change calculate a blended tax rate based on the pro rata number of days in the fiscal year before and after the effective date. As a result, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s U.S. income tax rate was 30.79%. For the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company's effective tax rate differed from the U.S, statutory income tax rate primarily as a result of the increase in deferred federal tax expense attributable to the recalculation of the Company's net deferred tax assets and associated valuation allowance to reflect the impact of the corporate income tax rate decrease included in the Tax Act. This reduced the Company's net deferred tax assets by approximately $0.7 million, which was recorded as additional income tax expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, or SAB 118, was issued to provide guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740, Income Taxes. We finalized our analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118 after completing a review of additional guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service and tax accounting estimates made at March 31, 2018. During the year ended March 31, 2019, we did not make any changes to the provisional amounts recorded in our March 31, 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K in connection with the Tax Act.

The following table summarizes the components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities: 

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  We have determined that it is more likely than not that certain future tax benefits may not be realized.  Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded against deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized.  Realization of the remaining deferred tax assets will depend on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdictions, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and other factors prior to the expiration date of the carryforwards.  A change in the estimates used to make this determination could require an increase in deferred tax assets if they become realizable.

The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets was approximately $1.7 million at March 31, 2019 and 2018. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized. In the event future taxable income is below management’s estimates or is generated in tax jurisdictions different than projected, the Company could be required to increase the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. This would result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate.

The following table summarizes carryforwards of net operating losses as of March 31, 2019:  

The Internal Revenue Code provides for a limitation on the annual use of net operating loss carryforwards following certain ownership changes that could limit our ability to utilize these carryforwards on a yearly basis. We experienced an ownership change in connection with the acquisition of Ranor in 2006. Accordingly, our ability to utilize certain carryforwards relating to 2006 and prior is limited. Our remaining pre-2006 net operating losses total approximately $0.5 million. As such, at March 31, 2019, we have approximately $7.7 million of post-2006 losses available for carryforward, without limitation. U.S. tax laws limit the time during which these carryforwards may be applied against future taxes. Therefore, we may not be able to take full advantage of these carryforwards for Federal or state income tax purposes.

We have not accrued any penalties with respect to uncertain tax positions. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various U.S. state jurisdictions. Our foreign subsidiary files separate income tax returns in China, the foreign jurisdiction in which it is located.  Tax years 2016 and forward remain open for examination.  We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to income tax liabilities in selling, general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

NOTE 12 - CAPITAL STOCK and EARNINGS PER SHARE

Common Stock

We had 90,000,000 authorized shares of common stock at March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018. There were 29,234,594 and 28,824,593 shares of common stock outstanding at March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

Preferred Stock

We have 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock and our board of directors has broad power to create one or more series of preferred stock and to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and limitations of the holders of such series. There were no shares of preferred stock outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Earnings per Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted EPS also includes the effect of stock options that would be dilutive. The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations, as required under FASB ASC 260.

All potential common stock equivalents that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the year ended March 31, 2019 there were 221,000 of potential common stock equivalents that were out-of-the-money and were not included in the EPS calculations. There were 1,161,077 of potential common stock equivalents that would have been anti-dilutive and were not included in the EPS calculations for the year ended March 31, 2018.

NOTE 13 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Our board of directors, upon the recommendation of the compensation committee of our board of directors, approved the 2016 TechPrecision Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2016 Plan, on November 10, 2016. Our stockholders approved the 2016 Plan at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders on December 8, 2016. The 2016 Plan succeeds the 2006 Plan and applies to awards granted after the 2016 Plan’s adoption by the Company’s stockholders. We have designed the 2016 Plan to reflect our commitment to having best practices in both compensation and corporate governance. The 2016 Plan provides for a share reserve of 5,000,000 shares of common stock.

The 2016 Plan authorizes the award of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance awards to employees, directors, consultants, and other individuals who provide services to TechPrecision or its affiliates. The purpose of the 2016 Plan is to: (a) enable TechPrecision and its affiliated companies to recruit and retain highly qualified employees, directors and consultants; (b) provide those employees, directors and consultants with an incentive for productivity; and (c) provide those employees, directors and consultants with an opportunity to share in the growth and value of the Company. Subject to adjustment as provided in the 2016 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued with respect to awards under the 2016 Plan is 5,000,000 shares (inclusive of awards issued under the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, or the 2006 Plan, that remained outstanding as of the effective date of the 2016 Plan). Shares of our common stock subject to awards that expire unexercised or are otherwise forfeited shall again be available for awards under the 2016 Plan.

The fair value of the options we grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the closing stock prices at the grant date and the weighted average assumptions specific to the underlying options. Expected volatility assumptions are based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The average dividend yield over the historical period for which volatility was computed is zero. The risk-free interest rate was selected based upon yields of five-year U.S. Treasury issues. We used the simplified method for all grants to estimate the expected life of the option. We assume that stock options will be exercised evenly over the period from vesting until the awards expire. We account for award forfeitures as they occur. As such, the assumed period for each vesting tranche is computed separately and then averaged together to determine the expected term for the award. At March 31, 2019, there were 1,572,000 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan. The following table summarizes information about options granted during the two most recently completed fiscal years: 

The following table summarizes information about options for the two most recently completed fiscal years:  

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last trading day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on March 31, 2019. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock.

The following table summarizes the status of our stock options outstanding but not vested for the year ended March 31, 2019:  

At March 31, 2019, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options. The total fair value of shares vested during the year was $96,518. The maximum contractual term is ten years for option grants. Other information relating to stock options outstanding at March 31, 2019 is as follows: 

Restricted Stock Awards

On December 7, 2018 we granted a total of 100,000 shares of restricted stock under the 2016 Plan to the board of directors and a total of 25,000 of restricted stock to our executive officers. The stock-based compensation expense of $122,500 for service-based restricted stock was measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares expected to vest and the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. The shares of restricted stock fully vest and cease to be subject to forfeiture on December 7, 2019, one year following the grant date. Each grantee must be serving as a director or executive officer on the vesting date and must have been continuously serving in such capacity from the grant date through the vesting date for the shares of restricted stock to vest. Prior to the vesting date, the grantee is not permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, assign or otherwise encumber the shares of restricted stock and if the grantee’s service with the Company terminates prior to the vesting date, the grantee’s restricted stock will be forfeited automatically. The aggregate fair value of the restricted stock expensed during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was $40,833. At March 31, 2019 there was $81,667 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the restricted stock awards.

Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

On March 15, 2019, Alexander Shen, our CEO, exercised options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, pursuant to option awards previously granted to Mr. Shen under the Company’s 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan. Pursuant to authorization from the Company’s Board of directors, the Company agreed to repurchase the resulting 209,556 shares of Common Stock issued to Mr. Shen pursuant to the option exercise at a negotiated price of $0.90 per share (which is equal to the average of the closing trading prices of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days ending March 13, 2019, the date on which the board of directors of the Company authorized the repurchase, less a discount of 10%), for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $188,600.

NOTE 14 - COMMITMENTS

Operating Leases

We lease approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in Wuxi, China. The annual rental cost is approximately $4,000 and the lease expires in October 2019. The lease can be renewed at the end of the lease term. Rent expense for all operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3,758 and $3,956, respectively. Future minimum lease payments required under non-cancellable operating leases at March 31, 2019 totaled approximately $1,835.

Employment Agreements

We have employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Such agreements provide for minimum salary levels, adjusted annually, and incentive bonuses that are payable if specified company goals are attained. The aggregate commitment at March 31, 2019 for future executive salaries was approximately $0.5 million. The aggregate commitment at March 31, 2019 was approximately $0.3 million for accrued payroll, vacation and holiday pay for the remainder of our employees.

Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2019, we had $0.9 million in purchase obligations outstanding, which primarily consisted of contractual commitments to purchase new materials and supplies.

Retirement Benefits

Ranor has a defined contribution and savings plan that covers substantially all Ranor employees who have completed 90 days of service. Ranor retains the option to match employee contributions. The Company contributed $83,353 and $79,878 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Class Action Lawsuit

On or about February 26, 2016, nine former employees, or plantiffs, of Ranor filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court, Worcester County, against Ranor and former and current executive officers of Ranor, alleging violations of the Massachusetts Wage Act, breach of contract and conversion based on a modification made to Ranor’s personal time off policy. Plaintiffs claim that Ranor’s modification to its personal time off, or PTO, policy in April 2014 caused these employees to forfeit earned PTO. Plaintiffs assert their claims on behalf of a class of all current and former employees of Ranor who were affected by the modification to Ranor’s PTO policy.

The Court held a status conference on this matter on February 28, 2019.  At that conference, the Court extended discovery to July 22, 2019.  The Court also ruled that summary judgment motions must be served by August 21, 2019 and filed by September 21, 2019.  Discovery is ongoing.

None.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and includes controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Inherent Limitations Over Internal Controls

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods is subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management’s Report of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019 based on the 2013 framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework . Based on that assessment, management concluded that, as of March 31, 2019, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Not Applicable.

PART III

Information regarding executive compensation will be set forth under the heading “Executive Compensation” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be set forth under the heading “Security Ownership of TechPrecision” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Information regarding transactions with related persons will be set forth under the headings “Related Party Transactions - Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Information about our Board of Directors - Independence” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Information regarding fees paid to the Company’s principal accountant will be set forth under the heading “Principal Accountant Fees” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Part IV

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity as of March 31, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial statement schedules have been omitted because either they are not applicable or the required information is included in the financial statements or the notes thereto.

The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated by reference to exhibits previously filed with the SEC.

Exhibit Index

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.