10-Q 1 gbci-09302016x10q.htm FORM 10-Q Document



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
______________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________________________________________________
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016
 
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________             
Commission file number 000-18911
______________________________________________________________________
GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 ______________________________________________________________________
MONTANA
81-0519541
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
49 Commons Loop, Kalispell, Montana
59901
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(406) 756-4200
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) 
______________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ý  Yes    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    ý  Yes    No  ¨
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
ý
 
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   ¨  Yes    ý  No
The number of shares of Registrant’s common stock outstanding on October 14, 2016 was 76,525,402. No preferred shares are issued or outstanding.





TABLE OF CONTENTS
 


 
Page
Part I. Financial Information
 
Item 1 – Financial Statements
 





ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

 

ALCO – Asset Liability Committee
ALLL or allowance – allowance for loan and lease losses
ASC – Accounting Standards CodificationTM
ATM – automated teller machine
Bank – Glacier Bank
Basel III – third installment of the Basel Accords
Board – Glacier Bancorp, Inc.’s Board of Directors
Cañon – Cañon Bank Corporation and its subsidiary, Cañon National Bank
CCP – Core Consolidation Project
CDE – Certified Development Entity
CDFI Fund – Community Development Financial Institutions Fund
CEO – Chief Executive Officer
CFO – Chief Financial Officer
Company – Glacier Bancorp, Inc.
DDA – demand deposit account
Dodd-Frank Act – Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Fannie Mae – Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board
FHLB – Federal Home Loan Bank
Final Rules – final rules implemented by the federal banking agencies that amended regulatory risk-based capital rules
FRB – Federal Reserve Bank
Freddie Mac – Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
GAAP – accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
Ginnie Mae – Government National Mortgage Association
LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate
LIHTC – Low Income Housing Tax Credit
NMTC – New Markets Tax Credit
NOW – negotiable order of withdrawal
NRSRO – Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations
OCI – other comprehensive income
OREO – other real estate owned
Repurchase agreements – securities sold under agreements to repurchase
S&P – Standard and Poor’s
SEC – United States Securities and Exchange Commission
TDR – troubled debt restructuring
TSB – Treasure State Bank
VIE – variable interest entity
 
 
 
 
 
 








GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Assets
 
 
 
Cash on hand and in banks
$
129,727

 
117,137

Federal funds sold
225

 
6,080

Interest bearing cash deposits
121,461

 
70,036

Cash and cash equivalents
251,413

 
193,253

Investment securities, available-for-sale
2,292,079

 
2,610,760

Investment securities, held-to-maturity
679,707

 
702,072

Total investment securities
2,971,786

 
3,312,832

Loans held for sale
71,069

 
56,514

Loans receivable
5,595,962

 
5,078,681

Allowance for loan and lease losses
(132,534
)
 
(129,697
)
Loans receivable, net
5,463,428

 
4,948,984

Premises and equipment, net
178,638

 
194,030

Other real estate owned
22,662

 
26,815

Accrued interest receivable
50,138

 
44,524

Deferred tax asset
51,757

 
58,475

Core deposit intangible, net
12,955

 
14,555

Goodwill
147,053

 
140,638

Non-marketable equity securities
20,103

 
27,495

Other assets
75,873

 
71,117

Total assets
$
9,316,875

 
9,089,232

Liabilities
 
 
 
Non-interest bearing deposits
$
2,098,747

 
1,918,310

Interest bearing deposits
5,210,572

 
5,026,698

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
401,243

 
423,414

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
211,833

 
394,131

Other borrowed funds
5,956

 
6,602

Subordinated debentures
125,956

 
125,848

Accrued interest payable
3,439

 
3,517

Other liabilities
111,350

 
114,062

Total liabilities
8,169,096

 
8,012,582

Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding

 

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 117,187,500 shares authorized
765

 
761

Paid-in capital
748,463

 
736,368

Retained earnings - substantially restricted
381,713

 
337,532

Accumulated other comprehensive income
16,838

 
1,989

Total stockholders’ equity
1,147,779

 
1,076,650

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
9,316,875

 
9,089,232

Number of common stock shares issued and outstanding
76,525,402

 
76,086,288


See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4




GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities
$
21,827

 
22,437

 
68,747

 
67,355

Residential real estate loans
8,538

 
7,878

 
24,947

 
23,581

Commercial loans
47,694

 
42,137

 
139,199

 
121,857

Consumer and other loans
7,885

 
7,915

 
23,501

 
23,677

Total interest income
85,944

 
80,367

 
256,394

 
236,470

Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
4,550

 
3,947

 
13,905

 
12,206

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
289

 
261

 
882

 
734

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
1,527

 
2,273

 
4,844

 
6,685

Other borrowed funds
17

 
21

 
49

 
63

Subordinated debentures
935

 
807

 
2,737

 
2,372

Total interest expense
7,318

 
7,309

 
22,417

 
22,060

Net Interest Income
78,626

 
73,058

 
233,977

 
214,410

Provision for loan losses
626

 
826

 
1,194

 
1,873

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
78,000

 
72,232

 
232,783

 
212,537

Non-Interest Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service charges and other fees
16,307

 
15,357

 
46,760

 
43,868

Miscellaneous loan fees and charges
1,195

 
1,055

 
3,379

 
3,354

Gain on sale of loans
9,592

 
7,326

 
23,841

 
20,356

Loss on sale of investments
(594
)
 
(31
)
 
(706
)
 
(124
)
Other income
1,793

 
2,092

 
6,030

 
6,840

Total non-interest income
28,293

 
25,799

 
79,304

 
74,294

Non-Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and employee benefits
38,370

 
33,534

 
112,871

 
98,507

Occupancy and equipment
6,168

 
6,435

 
19,287

 
18,927

Advertising and promotions
2,098

 
2,459

 
6,308

 
6,626

Data processing
4,080

 
2,710

 
11,391

 
8,232

Other real estate owned
215

 
1,047

 
819

 
3,182

Regulatory assessments and insurance
1,158

 
1,478

 
3,732

 
3,789

Core deposit intangibles amortization
777

 
720

 
2,362

 
2,206

Other expenses
12,314

 
10,729

 
35,227

 
33,085

Total non-interest expense
65,180

 
59,112

 
191,997

 
174,554

Income Before Income Taxes
41,113

 
38,919

 
120,090

 
112,277

Federal and state income tax expense
10,156

 
9,305

 
30,000

 
25,658

Net Income
$
30,957

 
29,614

 
90,090

 
86,619

Basic earnings per share
$
0.40

 
0.39

 
1.18

 
1.15

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.40

 
0.39

 
1.18

 
1.15

Dividends declared per share
$
0.20

 
0.19

 
0.60

 
0.56

Average outstanding shares - basic
76,288,640

 
75,531,923

 
76,195,550

 
75,424,147

Average outstanding shares - diluted
76,350,873

 
75,586,453

 
76,247,051

 
75,469,355


See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5




GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Net Income
$
30,957

 
29,614

 
90,090

 
86,619

Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities
(9,945
)
 
11,506

 
30,614

 
(9,063
)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income
594

 
50

 
651

 
95

Net unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities
(9,351
)
 
11,556

 
31,265

 
(8,968
)
Tax effect
3,624

 
(4,476
)
 
(12,111
)
 
3,502

Net of tax amount
(5,727
)
 
7,080

 
19,154

 
(5,466
)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives used for cash flow hedges
1,959

 
(8,630
)
 
(11,989
)
 
(10,727
)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income
1,555

 
1,263

 
4,962

 
3,771

Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives used for cash flow hedges
3,514

 
(7,367
)
 
(7,027
)
 
(6,956
)
Tax effect
(1,362
)
 
2,854

 
2,722

 
2,685

Net of tax amount
2,152

 
(4,513
)
 
(4,305
)
 
(4,271
)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
(3,575
)
 
2,567

 
14,849

 
(9,737
)
Total Comprehensive Income
$
27,382

 
32,181

 
104,939

 
76,882

























See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6




GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Nine Months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Common Stock
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
Substantially Restricted
 
Accumulated
Other Compre-
hensive Income
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2014
75,026,092

 
$
750

 
708,356

 
301,197

 
17,744

 
1,028,047

Comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 
86,619

 
(9,737
)
 
76,882

Cash dividends declared ($0.56 per share)

 

 

 
(42,409
)
 

 
(42,409
)
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans
62,346

 
1

 
16

 

 

 
17

Stock issued in connection with acquisitions
443,644

 
4

 
10,772

 

 

 
10,776

Stock-based compensation and related taxes

 

 
1,495

 

 

 
1,495

Balance at September 30, 2015
75,532,082

 
$
755

 
720,639

 
345,407

 
8,007

 
1,074,808

Balance at December 31, 2015
76,086,288

 
$
761

 
736,368

 
337,532

 
1,989

 
1,076,650

Comprehensive income

 

 

 
90,090

 
14,849

 
104,939

Cash dividends declared ($0.60 per share)

 

 

 
(45,909
)
 

 
(45,909
)
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans
89,569

 
1

 
(1
)
 

 

 

Stock issued in connection with acquisitions
349,545

 
3

 
10,462

 

 

 
10,465

Stock-based compensation and related taxes

 

 
1,634

 

 

 
1,634

Balance at September 30, 2016
76,525,402

 
$
765

 
748,463

 
381,713

 
16,838

 
1,147,779




















See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7




GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
90,090

 
86,619

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
1,194

 
1,873

Net amortization of investment securities premiums and discounts
19,990

 
20,082

Loans held for sale originated or acquired
(789,605
)
 
(681,826
)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
816,236

 
719,989

Gain on sale of loans
(23,841
)
 
(20,356
)
Loss on sale of investments
706

 
124

Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax benefits
1,441

 
737

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
(8
)
 
(102
)
Depreciation of premises and equipment
11,440

 
10,178

(Gain) loss on sale of other real estate owned and write-downs, net
(103
)
 
997

Amortization of core deposit intangibles
2,362

 
2,206

Net increase in accrued interest receivable
(5,466
)
 
(5,397
)
Net increase in other assets
(6,397
)
 
(7,198
)
Net decrease in accrued interest payable
(90
)
 
(645
)
Net (decrease) increase in other liabilities
(201
)
 
6,547

Net cash provided by operating activities
117,748

 
133,828

Investing Activities
 
 
 
Sales of available-for-sale securities
20,539

 
52,691

Maturities, prepayments and calls of available-for-sale securities
527,596

 
504,062

Purchases of available-for-sale securities
(217,261
)
 
(686,146
)
Maturities, prepayments and calls of held-to-maturity securities
21,965

 
16,762

Purchases of held-to-maturity securities
(1,222
)
 
(148,583
)
Principal collected on loans
1,270,573

 
1,202,256

Loans originated or acquired
(1,755,185
)
 
(1,524,814
)
Net decrease (increase) of premises and equipment and other real estate owned
6,610

 
(10,099
)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned
8,793

 
7,769

Net proceeds from sale of non-marketable equity securities
7,608

 
29,886

Net cash received in acquisitions
6,701

 
19,712

Net cash used in investing activities
(103,283
)
 
(536,504
)











See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8




GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
 
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Net increase in deposits
$
305,947

 
181,147

Net (decrease) increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(22,171
)
 
42,578

Net decrease in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances
(140,000
)
 

Proceeds from long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 
50,000

Repayments of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances
(45,558
)
 
(19,581
)
Net decrease in other borrowed funds
(538
)
 
(585
)
Cash dividends paid
(53,393
)
 
(50,576
)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
8

 
102

Stock-based compensation activity
(600
)
 
17

Net cash provided by financing activities
43,695

 
203,102

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
58,160

 
(199,574
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
193,253

 
442,409

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
251,413

 
242,835

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
22,506

 
22,705

Cash paid during the period for income taxes
25,254

 
33,912

Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activities
 
 
 
Sale and refinancing of other real estate owned
$
611

 
382

Transfer of loans to other real estate owned
4,117

 
6,910

Dividend declared but not paid
15,409

 
14,390

Acquisitions
 
 
 
Fair value of common stock shares issued
10,465

 
10,776

Cash consideration for outstanding shares
3,475

 
12,219

Fair value of assets acquired
69,750

 
174,637

Liabilities assumed
62,225

 
152,779

















See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9




GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Note 1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General
Glacier Bancorp, Inc. (“Company”) is a Montana corporation headquartered in Kalispell, Montana. The Company provides a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Washington through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Glacier Bank (“Bank”). The Company offers a wide range of banking products and services, including transaction and savings deposits, real estate, commercial, agriculture and consumer loans and mortgage origination services. The Company serves individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2016, the results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2015 has been derived from the audited consolidated statements of the Company as of that date.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2016.

The Company is a defendant in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending litigation will not have a material affect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: 1) the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL” or “allowance”); 2) the valuation of investment securities; 3) the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans; and 4) the evaluation of goodwill impairment. For the determination of the ALLL and real estate valuation estimates, management obtains independent appraisals (new or updated) for significant items. Estimates relating to investment valuations are obtained from independent third parties. Estimates relating to the evaluation of goodwill for impairment are determined based on internal calculations using significant independent party inputs.

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the parent holding company, the Bank and all variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Company has both the power to direct the VIE’s significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Bank consists of thirteen bank divisions, a treasury division and an information technology division. The treasury division includes the Bank’s investment portfolio and wholesale borrowings and the information technology division includes the Bank’s internal data processing and information technology expenses. The Bank divisions operate under separate names, management teams and advisory directors. The Company considers the Bank to be its sole operating segment as the Bank 1) engages in similar bank business activity from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses; 2) the operating results of the Bank are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer (i.e., the chief operating decision maker) who makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the Bank; and 3) financial information is available for the Bank. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In August 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of Treasure State Bank (“TSB”), a community bank based in Missoula, Montana. In October 2015, the Company completed its acquisition of Cañon Bank Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cañon National Bank, a community bank based in Cañon City, Colorado. In February 2015, the Company completed its acquisition of Montana Community Banks, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Community Bank, Inc., a community bank based in Ronan, Montana. The transactions were accounted for using the acquisition method, and their results of operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition dates.


10




In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) amended consolidation guidance by modifying the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities and by changing how entities analyze related-party relationships and fee arrangements. As a result of this amendment, the Company determined it was no longer the primary beneficiary of its Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) partnerships and deconsolidated its LIHTC investments effective January 1, 2016. There was no material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations upon adoption of this accounting guidance.

Loans Receivable
Loans that are intended to be held-to-maturity are reported at the unpaid principal balance less net charge-offs and adjusted for deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are deferred and subsequently amortized or accreted as a yield adjustment over the expected life of the loan utilizing the interest method. The objective of the interest method is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. When a loan is paid off prior to maturity, the remaining fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are immediately recognized into interest income.

The Company’s loan segments, which are based on the purpose of the loan, include residential real estate, commercial, and consumer loans. The Company’s loan classes, a further disaggregation of segments, include residential real estate loans (residential real estate segment), commercial real estate and other commercial loans (commercial segment), and home equity and other consumer loans (consumer segment).

Loans that are thirty days or more past due based on payments received and applied to the loan are considered delinquent. Loans are designated non-accrual and the accrual of interest is discontinued when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. A loan is typically placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for ninety days or more. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance if doubt remains as to the ultimate collectability of the loan. Interest accruals are not resumed on partially charged-off impaired loans. For other loans on nonaccrual, interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

The Company considers impaired loans to be the primary credit quality indicator for monitoring the credit quality of the loan portfolio. Loans are designated impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement and, therefore, the Company has serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to fulfill the contractual obligation. Impaired loans include non-performing loans (i.e., non-accrual loans and accruing loans ninety days or more past due) and accruing loans under ninety days past due where it is probable payments will not be received according to the loan agreement (e.g., troubled debt restructuring). Interest income on accruing impaired loans is recognized using the interest method. The Company measures impairment on a loan-by-loan basis in the same manner for each class within the loan portfolio. An insignificant delay or shortfall in the amounts of payments would not cause a loan or lease to be considered impaired. The Company determines the significance of payment delays and shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest due.


11




A restructured loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The Company periodically enters into restructure agreements with borrowers whereby the loans were previously identified as TDRs. When such circumstances occur, the Company carefully evaluates the facts of the subsequent restructure to determine the appropriate accounting and under certain circumstances it may be acceptable not to account for the subsequently restructured loan as a TDR. When assessing whether a concession has been granted by the Company, any prior forgiveness on a cumulative basis is considered a continuing concession. A TDR loan is considered an impaired loan and a specific valuation allowance is established when the fair value of the collateral-dependent loan or present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate based on the original contractual rate) is lower than the carrying value of the impaired loan. The Company has made the following types of loan modifications, some of which were considered a TDR:
reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining term of the debt;
extension of the maturity date(s) at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for newly originated debt having similar risk characteristics; and
reduction of the face amount of the debt as stated in the debt agreements.

The Company recognizes that while borrowers may experience deterioration in their financial condition, many continue to be creditworthy customers who have the willingness and capacity for debt repayment. In determining whether non-restructured or unimpaired loans issued to a single or related party group of borrowers should continue to accrue interest when the borrower has other loans that are impaired or are TDRs, the Company on a quarterly or more frequent basis performs an updated and comprehensive assessment of the willingness and capacity of the borrowers to timely and ultimately repay their total debt obligations, including contingent obligations. Such analysis takes into account current financial information about the borrowers and financially responsible guarantors, if any, including for example:
analysis of global, i.e., aggregate debt service for total debt obligations;
assessment of the value and security protection of collateral pledged using current market conditions and alternative market assumptions across a variety of potential future situations; and
loan structures and related covenants.

For additional information relating to loans, see Note 3.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Based upon management’s analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio, the balance of the ALLL is an estimate of probable credit losses known and inherent within the Bank’s loan portfolio as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. The ALLL is analyzed at the loan class level and is maintained within a range of estimated losses. Determining the adequacy of the ALLL involves a high degree of judgment and is inevitably imprecise as the risk of loss is difficult to quantify. The determination of the ALLL and the related provision for loan losses is a critical accounting estimate that involves management’s judgments about all known relevant internal and external environmental factors that affect loan losses. The balance of the ALLL is highly dependent upon management’s evaluations of borrowers’ current and prospective performance, appraisals and other variables affecting the quality of the loan portfolio. Individually significant loans and major lending areas are reviewed periodically to determine potential problems at an early date. Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions are reasonably possible and may have a material impact upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or capital.

Risk characteristics considered in the ALLL analysis applicable to each loan class within the Company's loan portfolio are as follows:

Residential Real Estate.  Residential real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences.  Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers.  Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes.  Mitigating risk factors for this loan class include a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for relatively smaller amounts.

Commercial Real Estate.  Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger principal amounts, and repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan and/or the business conducted on the property securing the loan.  Credit risk in these loans is impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, valuation of the property securing the loan and conditions within the local economies in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas.


12




Commercial.  Commercial loans consist of loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and business expansions.  The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation.  Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations across the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas.

Home Equity.  Home equity loans consist of junior lien mortgages and first and junior lien lines of credit (revolving open-end and amortizing closed-end) secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences.  Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers.  Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes.  Mitigating risk factors for this loan class are a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for terms that range from 10 years to 20 years.

Other Consumer.  The other consumer loan portfolio consists of various short-term loans such as automobile loans and loans for other personal purposes.  Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers.  Credit risk is driven by consumer economic factors (such as unemployment and general economic conditions in the Company’s diverse, geographic market area) and the creditworthiness of a borrower.

The ALLL consists of a specific valuation allowance component and a general valuation allowance component. The specific component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired and individually evaluated for impairment. The Company measures impairment on a loan-by-loan basis based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when it is determined that repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. For impairment based on expected future cash flows, the Company considers all information available as of a measurement date, including past events, current conditions, potential prepayments, and estimated cost to sell when such costs are expected to reduce the cash flows available to repay or otherwise satisfy the loan. For alternative ranges of cash flows, the likelihood of the possible outcomes is considered in determining the best estimate of expected future cash flows. The effective interest rate for a loan restructured in a TDR is based on the original contractual rate. For collateral-dependent loans and real estate loans for which foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is probable, impairment is measured by the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. The fair value of the collateral is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying real property value.

The general valuation allowance component relates to probable credit losses inherent in the balance of the loan portfolio based on historical loss experience, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions of qualitative or environmental factors. The historical loss experience is based on the previous twelve quarters loss experience by loan class adjusted for risk characteristics in the existing loan portfolio. The same trends and conditions are evaluated for each class within the loan portfolio; however, the risk characteristics are weighted separately at the individual class level based on the Company’s judgment and experience.

The changes in trends and conditions evaluated for each class within the loan portfolio include the following:
Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;
Changes in global, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments;
Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans;
Changes in experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;
Changes in the volume and severity of past due and nonaccrual loans;
Changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system;
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans;
The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and
The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the Company’s existing portfolio.


13




The ALLL is increased by provisions for loan losses which are charged to expense. The portions of loan balances determined by management to be uncollectible are charged off as a reduction of the ALLL and recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited as an increase to the ALLL. The Company’s charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as real estate owned until such time as it is sold.

At acquisition date, the assets and liabilities of acquired banks are recorded at their estimated fair values which results in no ALLL carried over from acquired banks. Subsequent to acquisition, an allowance will be recorded on the acquired loan portfolios for further credit deterioration, if any.

Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2015 financial statements to conform to the 2016 presentation.

Impact of Recent Authoritative Accounting Guidance
The Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) is FASB’s officially recognized source of authoritative GAAP applicable to all public and non-public non-governmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the authority of the federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for the Company as an SEC registrant. All other accounting literature is non-authoritative. The following paragraphs provide descriptions of recently adopted or newly issued but not yet effective accounting standards that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In June 2016, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The amendments in this Update replace the incurred loss model with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the life of the loan and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to calculate credit loss estimates. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments to the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In March 2016, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The amendments in this Update address certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification of awards on the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments, but does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In February 2016, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. The amendments in this Update address several aspects of lease accounting with the significant change being the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for leases previously classified as operating leases. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments, but does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In January 2016, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. The amendments in this Update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is only permitted under certain circumstances outlined in the amendments. A reporting entity should apply the amendments by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company’s statement of financial condition as of the beginning of the reporting year of adoption. The amendments related to equity securities without readily determinable fair values should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments, but does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.


14




In September 2015, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The amendments in this Update require that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustments are necessary. The amendments in this Update require that the acquirer record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The amendments in this Update require an entity to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The amendments were to be applied prospectively to all periods presented and were effective for public business entities for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company has evaluated the impact of these amendments and determined there was not a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In February 2015, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 810, Consolidation. The amendments in this Update make targeted changes to the current consolidation guidance and end a deferral available for investment companies. The amendments modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities. Consolidation conclusions may change for entities that already are VIEs due to changes in how entities would analyze related-party relationships and fee arrangements. The amendments relax existing criteria for determining when fees paid to a decision maker or service provider do not represent a variable interest by focusing on whether those fees are “at market.” The amendments eliminate both the consolidation model specific to limited partnerships and the current presumption that a general partner controls a limited partnership. Application of the new amendments could result in some entities being deconsolidated or considered a VIE and subject to additional disclosures. The amendments were effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption was permitted, including adoption in an interim period with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the reporting year that includes the interim period. A reporting entity could have applied the amendments using a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the reporting year of adoption or may apply the amendments retrospectively. The Company has evaluated the impact of these amendments and determined there was not a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In May 2014, FASB amended FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments clarify the principals for recognizing revenue and develop a common revenue standard among industries. The new guidance establishes the following core principal: recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services. Five steps are provided for a company or organization to follow to achieve such core principle. The new guidance also includes a cohesive set of disclosure requirements that will provide users of financial statements with comprehensive information about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The entity should apply the amendments using one of two retrospective methods described in the amendment. Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) delayed the effective date for public entities to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments, but does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.


15




Note 2. Investment Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of the Company’s investment securities:
 
September 30, 2016
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
 
Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
41,727

 
24

 
(158
)
 
41,593

U.S. government sponsored enterprises
16,100

 
267

 

 
16,367

State and local governments
816,898

 
40,925

 
(5,764
)
 
852,059

Corporate bonds
401,291

 
3,154

 
(32
)
 
404,413

Residential mortgage-backed securities
962,051

 
16,024

 
(428
)
 
977,647

Total available-for-sale
2,238,067

 
60,394

 
(6,382
)
 
2,292,079

Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
679,707

 
39,542

 
(4,354
)
 
714,895

Total held-to-maturity
679,707

 
39,542

 
(4,354
)
 
714,895

Total investment securities
$
2,917,774

 
99,936

 
(10,736
)
 
3,006,974


 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
 
Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
47,868

 
15

 
(432
)
 
47,451

U.S. government sponsored enterprises
93,230

 
100

 
(163
)
 
93,167

State and local governments
856,738

 
34,159

 
(5,878
)
 
885,019

Corporate bonds
386,629

 
611

 
(3,077
)
 
384,163

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,203,548

 
6,180

 
(8,768
)
 
1,200,960

Total available-for-sale
2,588,013

 
41,065

 
(18,318
)
 
2,610,760

Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
702,072

 
31,863

 
(4,422
)
 
729,513

Total held-to-maturity
702,072

 
31,863

 
(4,422
)
 
729,513

Total investment securities
$
3,290,085

 
72,928

 
(22,740
)
 
3,340,273



16




The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2016. Actual maturities may differ from expected or contractual maturities since issuers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

 
September 30, 2016
 
Available-for-Sale
 
Held-to-Maturity
(Dollars in thousands)
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Due within one year
$
129,520

 
129,979

 

 

Due after one year through five years
394,977

 
399,137

 

 

Due after five years through ten years
191,676

 
201,943

 
43,656

 
45,926

Due after ten years
559,843

 
583,373

 
636,051

 
668,969

 
1,276,016

 
1,314,432

 
679,707

 
714,895

Residential mortgage-backed securities 1
962,051

 
977,647

 

 

Total
$
2,238,067

 
2,292,079

 
679,707

 
714,895

__________
1 Residential mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.

Proceeds from sales and calls of investment securities and the associated gains and losses that have been included in earnings are listed below:
 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales and calls of investment securities
$
59,974

 
39,502

 
148,458

 
114,123

Gross realized gains 1
366

 
516

 
1,309

 
598

Gross realized losses 1
(960
)
 
(566
)
 
(1,960
)
 
(693
)
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from calls of investment securities
340

 
6,697

 
21,965

 
16,762

Gross realized gains 1

 
19

 
91

 
34

Gross realized losses 1

 

 
(146
)
 
(63
)
__________
1 The gain or loss on the sale or call of each investment security is determined by the specific identification method.


17




Investment securities with an unrealized loss position are summarized as follows:

 
September 30, 2016
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
2,190

 
(7
)
 
30,009

 
(151
)
 
32,199

 
(158
)
State and local governments
45,697

 
(443
)
 
109,147

 
(5,321
)
 
154,844

 
(5,764
)
Corporate bonds
5,049

 
(3
)
 
6,153

 
(29
)
 
11,202

 
(32
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
75,091

 
(252
)
 
23,241

 
(176
)
 
98,332

 
(428
)
Total available-for-sale
$
128,027

 
(705
)
 
168,550

 
(5,677
)
 
296,577

 
(6,382
)
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
$
13,863

 
(159
)
 
89,024

 
(4,195
)
 
102,887

 
(4,354
)
Total held-to-maturity
$
13,863

 
(159
)
 
89,024

 
(4,195
)
 
102,887

 
(4,354
)
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
42,493

 
(432
)
 
2

 

 
42,495

 
(432
)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
60,010

 
(163
)
 

 

 
60,010

 
(163
)
State and local governments
102,422

 
(1,629
)
 
115,943

 
(4,249
)
 
218,365

 
(5,878
)
Corporate bonds
228,258

 
(1,812
)
 
13,962

 
(1,265
)
 
242,220

 
(3,077
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
730,412

 
(7,226
)
 
53,021

 
(1,542
)
 
783,433

 
(8,768
)
Total available-for-sale
$
1,163,595

 
(11,262
)
 
182,928

 
(7,056
)
 
1,346,523

 
(18,318
)
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
$
42,322

 
(594
)
 
81,709

 
(3,828
)
 
124,031

 
(4,422
)
Total held-to-maturity
$
42,322

 
(594
)
 
81,709

 
(3,828
)
 
124,031

 
(4,422
)

Based on an analysis of its investment securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company determined that none of such securities had other-than-temporary impairment and the unrealized losses were primarily the result of interest rate changes and market spreads subsequent to acquisition. The fair value of the investment securities is expected to recover as payments are received and the securities approach maturity. At September 30, 2016, management determined that it did not intend to sell investment securities with unrealized losses, and there was no expected requirement to sell any of its investment securities with unrealized losses before recovery of their amortized cost.
 


18




Note 3. Loans Receivable, Net

The Company’s loan portfolio is comprised of three segments: residential real estate, commercial, and consumer and other loans. The loan segments are further disaggregated into the following classes: residential real estate, commercial real estate, other commercial, home equity and other consumer loans. The following table presents loans receivable for each portfolio class of loans:
 
At or for the Nine Months ended
 
At or for the Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Residential real estate loans
$
696,817

 
688,912

Commercial loans
 
 
 
Real estate
2,919,415

 
2,633,953

Other commercial
1,303,241

 
1,099,564

Total
4,222,656

 
3,733,517

Consumer and other loans
 
 
 
Home equity
435,935

 
420,901

Other consumer
240,554

 
235,351

Total
676,489

 
656,252

Loans receivable 1
5,595,962

 
5,078,681

Allowance for loan and lease losses
(132,534
)
 
(129,697
)
Loans receivable, net
$
5,463,428

 
4,948,984

Weighted-average interest rate on loans (tax-equivalent)
4.79
%
 
4.84
%
__________
1 
Includes net deferred fees, costs, premiums and discounts of $14,765,000 and $15,529,000 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

The following tables summarize the activity in the ALLL by portfolio segment:
  
 
Three Months ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Balance at beginning of period
$
132,386

 
13,666

 
66,809

 
37,031

 
8,629

 
6,251

Provision for loan losses
626

 
108

 

 
(1,118
)
 
561

 
1,075

Charge-offs
(2,800
)
 
(11
)
 
(55
)
 
(131
)
 
(693
)
 
(1,910
)
Recoveries
2,322

 
148

 
490

 
797

 
77

 
810

Balance at end of period
$
132,534

 
13,911

 
67,244

 
36,579

 
8,574

 
6,226


 
Three Months ended September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Balance at beginning of period
$
130,519

 
14,850

 
68,697

 
31,483

 
8,946

 
6,543

Provision for loan losses
826

 
854

 
(657
)
 
195

 
397

 
37

Charge-offs
(2,073
)
 
(20
)
 
(921
)
 
(367
)
 
(433
)
 
(332
)
Recoveries
1,496

 
24

 
907

 
290

 
136

 
139

Balance at end of period
$
130,768

 
15,708

 
68,026

 
31,601

 
9,046

 
6,387


19




 
Nine Months ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Balance at beginning of period
$
129,697

 
14,427

 
67,877

 
32,525

 
8,998

 
5,870

Provision for loan losses
1,194

 
(342
)
 
(3,490
)
 
3,256

 
215

 
1,555

Charge-offs
(5,332
)
 
(366
)
 
(342
)
 
(722
)
 
(891
)
 
(3,011
)
Recoveries
6,975

 
192

 
3,199

 
1,520

 
252

 
1,812

Balance at end of period
$
132,534

 
13,911

 
67,244

 
36,579

 
8,574

 
6,226

 
 
Nine Months ended September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Balance at beginning of period
$
129,753

 
14,680

 
67,799

 
30,891

 
9,963

 
6,420

Provision for loan losses
1,873

 
1,036

 
(452
)
 
1,839

 
(621
)
 
71

Charge-offs
(4,671
)
 
(78
)
 
(1,669
)
 
(1,736
)
 
(586
)
 
(602
)
Recoveries
3,813

 
70

 
2,348

 
607

 
290

 
498

Balance at end of period
$
130,768

 
15,708

 
68,026

 
31,601

 
9,046

 
6,387


The following tables disclose the balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment:

 
September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Allowance for loan and lease losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
5,966

 
880

 
1,375

 
3,120

 
196

 
395

Collectively evaluated for impairment
126,568

 
13,031

 
65,869

 
33,459

 
8,378

 
5,831

Total allowance for loan and lease losses
$
132,534

 
13,911

 
67,244

 
36,579

 
8,574

 
6,226

Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
135,153

 
17,336

 
84,765

 
24,036

 
5,876

 
3,140

Collectively evaluated for impairment
5,460,809

 
679,481

 
2,834,650

 
1,279,205

 
430,059

 
237,414

Total loans receivable
$
5,595,962

 
696,817

 
2,919,415

 
1,303,241

 
435,935

 
240,554

 

20




 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Allowance for loan and lease losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
8,124

 
782

 
1,629

 
5,277

 
64

 
372

Collectively evaluated for impairment
121,573

 
13,645

 
66,248

 
27,248

 
8,934

 
5,498

Total allowance for loan and lease losses
$
129,697

 
14,427

 
67,877

 
32,525

 
8,998

 
5,870

Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
140,773

 
20,767

 
85,845

 
23,874

 
6,493

 
3,794

Collectively evaluated for impairment
4,937,908

 
668,145

 
2,548,108

 
1,075,690

 
414,408

 
231,557

Total loans receivable
$
5,078,681

 
688,912

 
2,633,953

 
1,099,564

 
420,901

 
235,351


Substantially all of the Company’s loans receivable are with customers in the Company’s geographic market areas. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its customers’ ability to honor their obligations is dependent upon the economic performance in the Company’s market areas.

The following tables disclose information related to impaired loans by portfolio segment:

 
At or for the Three or Nine Months ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded balance
$
21,539

 
3,024

 
10,378

 
7,125

 
234

 
778

Unpaid principal balance
21,812

 
3,086

 
10,379

 
7,280

 
244

 
823

Specific valuation allowance
5,966

 
880

 
1,375

 
3,120

 
196

 
395

Average balance - three months
22,641

 
3,100

 
10,223

 
8,156

 
195

 
967

Average balance - nine months
27,899

 
5,489

 
10,769

 
10,096

 
237

 
1,308

Loans without a specific valuation allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded balance
$
113,614

 
14,312

 
74,387

 
16,911

 
5,642

 
2,362

Unpaid principal balance
136,316

 
15,857

 
91,472

 
19,412

 
7,125

 
2,450

Average balance - three months
110,336

 
14,692

 
70,029

 
17,428

 
5,964

 
2,223

Average balance - nine months
108,999

 
13,859

 
71,278

 
15,637

 
6,105

 
2,120

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded balance
$
135,153

 
17,336

 
84,765

 
24,036

 
5,876

 
3,140

Unpaid principal balance
158,128

 
18,943

 
101,851

 
26,692

 
7,369

 
3,273

Specific valuation allowance
5,966

 
880

 
1,375

 
3,120

 
196

 
395

Average balance - three months
132,977

 
17,792

 
80,252

 
25,584

 
6,159

 
3,190

Average balance - nine months
136,898

 
19,348

 
82,047

 
25,733

 
6,342

 
3,428

 

21




 
At or for the Year ended December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded balance
$
34,683

 
8,253

 
12,554

 
11,923

 
102

 
1,851

Unpaid principal balance
36,157

 
9,198

 
12,581

 
12,335

 
109

 
1,934

Specific valuation allowance
8,124

 
782

 
1,629

 
5,277

 
64

 
372

Average balance
36,176

 
6,393

 
15,827

 
11,768

 
426

 
1,762

Loans without a specific valuation allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded balance
$
106,090

 
12,514

 
73,291

 
11,951

 
6,391

 
1,943

Unpaid principal balance
132,718

 
13,969

 
94,028

 
15,539

 
7,153

 
2,029

Average balance
116,356

 
13,615

 
78,684

 
15,479

 
6,350

 
2,228

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded balance
$
140,773

 
20,767

 
85,845

 
23,874

 
6,493

 
3,794

Unpaid principal balance
168,875

 
23,167

 
106,609

 
27,874

 
7,262

 
3,963

Specific valuation allowance
8,124

 
782

 
1,629

 
5,277

 
64

 
372

Average balance
152,532

 
20,008

 
94,511

 
27,247

 
6,776

 
3,990


Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was not significant.

The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment:
 
 
September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
$
17,462

 
259

 
10,471

 
4,284

 
1,545

 
903

Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
9,922

 
1,086

 
4,631

 
2,493

 
1,471

 
241

Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
3,299

 
222

 
638

 
2,049

 
376

 
14

Non-accrual loans
52,280

 
4,538

 
32,411

 
9,810

 
5,016

 
505

Total past due and non-accrual loans
82,963

 
6,105

 
48,151

 
18,636

 
8,408

 
1,663

Current loans receivable
5,512,999

 
690,712

 
2,871,264

 
1,284,605

 
427,527

 
238,891

Total loans receivable
$
5,595,962

 
696,817

 
2,919,415

 
1,303,241

 
435,935

 
240,554

 
 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
$
15,801

 
4,895

 
4,393

 
3,564

 
1,601

 
1,348

Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
3,612

 
961

 
1,841

 
286

 
280

 
244

Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
2,131

 

 
231

 
1,820

 
15

 
65

Non-accrual loans
51,133

 
8,073

 
28,819

 
7,691

 
6,022

 
528

Total past due and non-accrual loans
72,677

 
13,929

 
35,284

 
13,361

 
7,918

 
2,185

Current loans receivable
5,006,004

 
674,983

 
2,598,669

 
1,086,203

 
412,983

 
233,166

Total loans receivable
$
5,078,681

 
688,912

 
2,633,953

 
1,099,564

 
420,901

 
235,351



22




The following tables present TDRs that occurred during the periods presented and the TDRs that occurred within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the periods presented:

 
Three Months ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
5

 

 
4

 
1

 

 

Pre-modification recorded balance
$
7,781

 

 
7,014

 
767

 

 

Post-modification recorded balance
$
7,718

 

 
6,990

 
728

 

 

TDRs that subsequently defaulted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
1

 

 

 
1

 

 

Recorded balance
$
5

 

 

 
5

 

 


 
Three Months ended September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
10

 
2

 
3

 
4

 

 
1

Pre-modification recorded balance
$
3,004

 
2,134

 
436

 
397

 

 
37

Post-modification recorded balance
$
3,004

 
2,134

 
436

 
397

 

 
37

TDRs that subsequently defaulted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
3

 
1

 

 
2

 

 

Recorded balance
$
2,287

 
1,947

 

 
340

 

 


 
Nine Months ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
27

 

 
10

 
15

 
2

 

Pre-modification recorded balance
$
21,652

 

 
9,217

 
12,226

 
209

 

Post-modification recorded balance
$
21,613

 

 
9,193

 
12,211

 
209

 

TDRs that subsequently defaulted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
9

 

 
1

 
2

 

 
6

Recorded balance
$
704

 

 
570

 
5

 

 
129


23




 
Nine Months ended September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Total
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Other
Commercial
 
Home
Equity
 
Other
Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
30

 
2

 
12

 
12

 

 
4

Pre-modification recorded balance
$
10,127

 
2,134

 
5,446

 
2,306

 

 
241

Post-modification recorded balance
$
9,833

 
2,134

 
5,366

 
2,092

 

 
241

TDRs that subsequently defaulted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of loans
7

 
1

 
1

 
3

 
1

 
1

Recorded balance
$
2,542

 
1,947

 
78

 
440

 
75

 
2


The modifications for the TDRs that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 included one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date, a reduction of the interest rate or a reduction in the principal amount.

In addition to the TDRs that occurred during the period provided in the preceding tables, the Company had TDRs with pre-modification loan balances of $4,967,000 and $7,677,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for which other real estate owned (“OREO”) was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans. The majority of such TDRs were in residential real estate and commercial real estate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $1,997,000 and $3,253,000, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $2,389,000 and $1,496,000, respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.

Note 4. Goodwill

The following schedule discloses the changes in the carrying value of goodwill:

 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Net carrying value at beginning of period
$
140,638

 
130,843

 
140,638

 
129,706

Acquisitions
6,415

 

 
6,415

 
1,137

Net carrying value at end of period
$
147,053

 
130,843

 
147,053

 
130,843


The gross carrying value of goodwill and the accumulated impairment charge consists of the following:

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
 
 
 
Gross carrying value
$
187,212

 
180,797

 
 
 
 
Accumulated impairment charge 1
(40,159
)
 
(40,159
)
 
 
 
 
Net carrying value
$
147,053

 
140,638

 
 
 
 
__________
1 A goodwill impairment charge was recognized in 2011 and was due to high levels of volatility and dislocation in bank stock prices nationwide.


24




The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test during the third quarter of 2016 and determined the fair value of the aggregated reporting units exceeded the carrying value, such that the Company’s goodwill was not considered impaired. Changes in the economic environment, operations of the aggregated reporting units, or other factors could result in the decline in the fair value of the aggregated reporting units which could result in a goodwill impairment in the future.

For additional information on goodwill related to acquisitions, see Note 12.
 
Note 5. Variable Interest Entities

A VIE is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets one of the following criteria: 1) the entity’s equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; 2) the holders of the equity investment at risk, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; and 3) the voting rights of some holders of the equity investment at risk are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses or receive returns, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the holder of equity investment at risk with disproportionately few voting rights. A VIE must be consolidated by the Company if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, which is the party involved with the VIE that has both: 1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance; and 2) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company’s VIEs are regularly monitored to determine if any reconsideration events have occurred that could cause the primary beneficiary status to change. A previously unconsolidated VIE is consolidated when the Company becomes the primary beneficiary. A previously consolidated VIE is deconsolidated when the Company ceases to be the primary beneficiary or the entity is no longer a VIE. In February 2015, FASB amended consolidation guidance by modifying the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities and by changing how entities analyze related-party relationships and fee arrangements. As a result of this amendment, the Company determined it was no longer the primary beneficiary of its LIHTC partnerships and deconsolidated its LIHTC investments effective January 1, 2016. Due to this reevaluation event, the Company determined its LIHTC investments would qualify for the proportional amortization method and elected to adopt this accounting method. The proportional amortization method allows for the amortization of LIHTC investments to be presented as a component of income taxes. Once elected, the proportional amortization method is required for all eligible LIHTC investments.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company has equity investments in Certified Development Entities (“CDE”) which have received allocations of New Markets Tax Credits (“NMTC”). The NMTC program provides federal tax incentives to investors to make investments in distressed communities and promotes economic improvements through the development of successful businesses in these communities. The NMTC is available to investors over a seven-year period and is subject to recapture if certain events occur during such period. The maximum exposure to loss in the CDEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each CDE (NMTC) investment and determined the Company does not individually meet the characteristics of a primary beneficiary; however, the related-party group does meet the criteria as a group and substantially all of the activities of the CDEs either involve or are conducted on behalf of the Company. As a result, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the CDEs and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The primary activities of the CDEs are recognized in commercial loans interest income and other borrowed funds interest expense on the Company’s statements of operations and the federal income tax credit allocations from the investments are recognized in the Company’s statements of operations as a component of income tax expense. Such related cash flows are recognized in loans originated, principal collected on loans and change in other borrowed funds.


25




The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s statements of financial condition and are adjusted for intercompany eliminations. All assets presented can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs and all liabilities presented consist of liabilities for which creditors and other beneficial interest holders therein have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Assets
 
 
 
Loans receivable
$
44,918

 
57,126

Premises and equipment, net

 
13,503

Accrued interest receivable
137

 
117

Other assets
1,537

 
1,429

Total assets
$
46,592

 
72,175

Liabilities
 
 
 
Other borrowed funds
$
5,603

 
6,195

Accrued interest payable
5

 
9

Other liabilities
47

 
139

Total liabilities
$
5,655

 
6,343


Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company has equity investments in LIHTC partnerships with carrying values of $4,646,000 as of September 30, 2016. The LIHTCs are indirect federal subsidies to finance low-income housing and are used in connection with both newly constructed and renovated residential rental buildings. Once a project is placed in service, it is generally eligible for the tax credit for ten consecutive years. To continue generating the tax credit and to avoid tax credit recapture, a LIHTC building must satisfy specific low-income housing compliance rules for a full fifteen-year period. The maximum exposure to loss in the VIEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each LIHTC investment and determined that the Company does not have controlling financial interests in such investments, and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company reports the investments in the unconsolidated LIHTCs as other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Total unfunded contingent commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments totaled $10,018,000 at September 30, 2016. The Company expects to fulfill these commitments during 2017. There were no impairment losses on the Company’s LIHTC investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. Amortization expense is recognized as a component of income tax expense.
 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Amortization expense
$
258

 
177

 
867

 
680

Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized
322

 
363

 
1,145

 
1,145


The Company also owns the following trust subsidiaries, each of which issued trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital instruments: Glacier Capital Trust II, Glacier Capital Trust III, Glacier Capital Trust IV, Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I, Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I, First Company Statutory Trust 2001, and First Company Statutory Trust 2003. The trust subsidiaries have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the securities held by third parties. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the sole asset of each trust subsidiary is a receivable from the Company, even though the Company owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust subsidiaries, has fully guaranteed the obligations of the trust subsidiaries and may have the right to redeem the third party securities under certain circumstances. The Company reports the trust preferred securities issued to the trust subsidiaries as subordinated debentures on the Company’s statements of financial condition.


26




Note 6. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) totaled $401,243,000 and $423,414,000 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are secured by investment securities with carrying values of $382,438,000 and $446,838,000, respectively. Securities are pledged to customers at the time of the transaction in an amount at least equal to the outstanding balance and are held in custody accounts by third parties. The fair value of collateral is continually monitored and additional collateral is provided as deemed appropriate.

The following tables summarize the carrying value of the Company’s repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and category of collateral:
 
September 30, 2016
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands)
Overnight and Continuous
 
Up to 30 Days
 
Total
Residential mortgage-backed securities
$
400,129

 
1,114

 
401,243


 
December 31, 2015
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands)
Overnight and Continuous
 
Up to 30 Days
 
Total
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
$
12,507

 

 
12,507

Residential mortgage-backed securities
408,460

 
2,447

 
410,907

 
$
420,967

 
2,447

 
423,414


Note 7. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

As of September 30, 2016, the Company’s interest rate swap derivative financial instruments were designated as cash flow hedges and are summarized as follows:
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Forecasted
Notional  Amount
 
Variable
Interest Rate 1
 
Fixed
Interest Rate 1
 
Payment Term
Interest rate swap
$
160,000

 
3 month LIBOR
 
3.378
%
 
Oct. 21, 2014 - Oct. 21, 2021
Interest rate swap
100,000

 
3 month LIBOR
 
2.498
%
 
Nov. 30, 2015 - Nov. 30, 2022
__________
1 The Company pays the fixed interest rate and the counterparty pays the Company the variable interest rate.

The hedging strategy converts the LIBOR-based variable interest rate on borrowings to a fixed interest rate, thereby protecting the Company from interest rate variability.


27




The interest rate swaps with the $160,000,000 and $100,000,000 notional amounts began their payment terms in October 2014 and November 2015, respectively. The Company designated wholesale deposits as the cash flow hedge and these deposits were determined to be fully effective during the current and prior year. As such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in the Company’s statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. Therefore, the aggregate fair value of the interest rate swaps was recorded in other liabilities with changes recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). The Company expects the hedges to remain highly effective during the remaining terms of the interest rate swaps. Interest expense recorded on the interest rate swaps totaled $6,015,000 and $4,099,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is reported as a component of interest expense on deposits. Unless the interest rate swaps are terminated during the next year, the Company expects $7,903,000 of the unrealized loss reported in other comprehensive income at September 30, 2016 to be reclassified to interest expense during the next twelve months.

The following table presents the pre-tax gains or losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and the Company’s statements of operations relating to the interest rate swap derivative financial instruments:

 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Interest rate swaps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion)
$
1,959

 
(8,630
)
 
(11,989
)
 
(10,727
)
Amount of loss reclassified from OCI to interest expense
(1,555
)
 
(1,263
)
 
(4,962
)
 
(3,771
)
Amount of loss recognized in other non-interest expense (ineffective portion)

 

 

 


The following table discloses the offsetting of financial liabilities and interest rate swap derivative liabilities. There were no interest rate swap derivative assets at the dates presented.

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statements of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statements of Financial Position
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statements of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statements of Financial Position
Interest rate swaps
$
26,526

 

 
26,526

 
19,499

 

 
19,499


Pursuant to the interest rate swap agreements, the Company pledged collateral to the counterparty in the form of investment securities totaling $32,634,000 at September 30, 2016. There was $0 collateral pledged from the counterparty to the Company as of September 30, 2016. There is the possibility that the Company may need to pledge additional collateral in the future if there were declines in the fair value of the interest rate swap derivative financial instruments versus the collateral pledged.


28




Note 8. Other Expenses

Other expenses consists of the following:
 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Debit card expenses
$
2,522

 
1,625

 
6,623

 
4,510

Consulting and outside services
1,549

 
898

 
4,055

 
4,173

Telephone
977

 
816

 
2,920

 
2,453

Loan expenses
1,062

 
642

 
2,800

 
2,433

Employee expenses
964

 
629

 
2,468

 
1,786

Checking and operating expenses
742

 
1,104

 
2,434

 
2,551

Printing and supplies
733

 
937

 
2,404

 
2,633

Postage
626

 
902

 
2,296

 
2,743

VIE write-downs and other expenses
773

 
761

 
1,814

 
3,062

Business development
629

 
403

 
1,514

 
1,041

Accounting and audit fees
409

 
405

 
1,109

 
1,264

Legal fees
210

 
332

 
921

 
780

ATM expenses
271

 
242

 
789

 
811

Other
847

 
1,033

 
3,080

 
2,845

Total other expenses
$
12,314

 
10,729

 
35,227

 
33,085


Note 9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table illustrates the activity within accumulated other comprehensive income by component, net of tax:
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Gains on Available-For-Sale Securities
 
Losses on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
27,945

 
(10,201
)
 
17,744

Other comprehensive loss before reclassification
(5,524
)
 
(6,581
)
 
(12,105
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
58

 
2,310

 
2,368

Net current period other comprehensive loss
(5,466
)
 
(4,271
)
 
(9,737
)
Balance at September 30, 2015
$
22,479

 
(14,472
)
 
8,007

Balance at December 31, 2015
$
13,935

 
(11,946
)
 
1,989

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification
18,755

 
(7,344
)
 
11,411

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
399

 
3,039

 
3,438

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
19,154

 
(4,305
)
 
14,849

Balance at September 30, 2016
$
33,089

 
(16,251
)
 
16,838



29




Note 10. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding stock options were exercised and restricted stock awards were vested, using the treasury stock method.

Basic and diluted earnings per share has been computed based on the following:

 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Net income available to common stockholders, basic and diluted
$
30,957

 
29,614

 
90,090

 
86,619

Average outstanding shares - basic
76,288,640

 
75,531,923

 
76,195,550

 
75,424,147

Add: dilutive stock options and awards
62,233

 
54,530

 
51,501

 
45,208

Average outstanding shares - diluted
76,350,873

 
75,586,453

 
76,247,051

 
75,469,355

Basic earnings per share
$
0.40

 
0.39

 
1.18

 
1.15

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.40

 
0.39

 
1.18

 
1.15


There were 10,677 and 3,181 stock options or restricted stock awards excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for those periods. Anti-dilution occurs when the exercise price of a stock option or the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock award exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

Note 11. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
 
Level 1    Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2
Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted prices in active markets), Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the actual transfer date. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Recurring Measurements
The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended September 30, 2016.


30




Investment securities, available-for-sale: fair value for available-for-sale securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, market spreads, prepayments, defaults, recoveries, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy.

Fair value determinations of available-for-sale securities are the responsibility of the Company’s corporate accounting and treasury departments. The Company obtains fair value estimates from independent third party vendors on a monthly basis. The vendors’ pricing system methodologies, procedures and system controls are reviewed to ensure they are appropriately designed and operating effectively. The Company reviews the vendors’ inputs for fair value estimates and the recommended assignments of levels within the fair value hierarchy. The review includes the extent to which markets for investment securities are determined to have limited or no activity, or are judged to be active markets. The Company reviews the extent to which observable and unobservable inputs are used as well as the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions about risk that a market participant would use in active markets, with adjustments for limited or inactive markets. In considering the inputs to the fair value estimates, the Company places less reliance on quotes that are judged to not reflect orderly transactions, or are non-binding indications. In assessing credit risk, the Company reviews payment performance, collateral adequacy, third party research and analyses, credit rating histories and issuers’ financial statements. For those markets determined to be inactive or limited, the valuation techniques used are models for which management has verified that discount rates are appropriately adjusted to reflect illiquidity and credit risk.

Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments: fair values for interest rate swap derivative financial instruments are based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and are calculated using discounted cash flows that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The inputs used to determine fair value include the 3 month LIBOR forward curve to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows are compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference is discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The Company also obtains and compares the reasonableness of the pricing from an independent third party.

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
  
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair Value September 30, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active  Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Investment securities, available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
41,593

 

 
41,593

 

U.S. government sponsored enterprises
16,367

 

 
16,367

 

State and local governments
852,059

 

 
852,059

 

Corporate bonds
404,413

 

 
404,413

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities
977,647

 

 
977,647

 

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
2,292,079

 

 
2,292,079

 

Interest rate swaps
$
26,526

 

 
26,526

 

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
26,526

 

 
26,526

 



31




 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair Value December 31, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active  Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Investment securities, available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
47,451

 

 
47,451

 

U.S. government sponsored enterprises
93,167

 

 
93,167

 

State and local governments
885,019

 

 
885,019

 

Corporate bonds
384,163

 

 
384,163

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,200,960

 

 
1,200,960

 

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
2,610,760

 

 
2,610,760

 

Interest rate swaps
$
19,499

 

 
19,499

 

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
19,499

 

 
19,499

 


Non-recurring Measurements
The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended September 30, 2016.

Other real estate owned: OREO is carried at the lower of fair value at acquisition date or current estimated fair value, less estimated cost to sell. Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL: loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are considered impaired. Estimated fair value of collateral-dependent impaired loans is based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s credit departments review appraisals for OREO and collateral-dependent loans, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisal or evaluation (new or updated) is considered the starting point for determining fair value. The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The key inputs used to determine the fair value of the collateral-dependent loans and OREO include selling costs, discounted cash flow rate or capitalization rate, and adjustment to comparables. Valuations and significant inputs obtained by independent sources are reviewed by the Company for accuracy and reasonableness. The Company also considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. After review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated), adjustments to the impaired loan or OREO may occur. The Company generally obtains appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) annually.


32




The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets with a recorded change during the period resulting from re-measuring the assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair Value September 30, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active  Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other real estate owned
$
744

 

 

 
744

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL
5,381

 

 

 
5,381

Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
6,125

 

 

 
6,125


 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair Value December 31, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active  Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other real estate owned
$
7,609

 

 

 
7,609

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL
12,938

 

 

 
12,938

Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$
20,547

 

 

 
20,547


Non-recurring Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

 
Fair Value September 30, 2016
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range (Weighted-Average) 1
Other real estate owned
$
672

 
Sales comparison approach
 
Selling costs
 
8.0% - 10.0% (8.2%)
 
72

 
Combined approach
 
Selling costs
 
10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)
 
$
744

 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL
$
141

 
Cost approach
 
Selling costs
 
10.0% - 20.0% (10.3%)
 
2,276

 
Sales comparison approach
 
Selling costs
 
8.0% - 10.0% (9.6%)
 
2,964

 
Combined approach
 
Selling costs
 
10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustment to comparables
 
20.0% - 20.0% (20.0%)
 
$
5,381

 
 
 
 
 
 


33




 
Fair Value December 31, 2015
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range (Weighted-Average) 1
Other real estate owned
$
4,067

 
Sales comparison approach
 
Selling costs
 
7.0% - 10.0% (7.9%)
 
3,542

 
Combined approach
 
Selling costs
 
8.0% - 8.0% (8.0%)
 
$
7,609

 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL
$
162

 
Cost approach
 
Selling costs
 
0.0% - 20.0% (6.1%)
 
9,465

 
Sales comparison approach
 
Selling costs
 
8.0% - 20.0% (8.9%)
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustment to comparables
 
0.0% - 5.0% (0.0%)
 
3,311

 
Combined approach
 
Selling costs
 
10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustment to comparables
 
20.0% - 20.0% (20.0%)
 
$
12,938

 
 
 
 
 
 
__________
1 The range for selling costs and adjustments to comparables indicate reductions to the fair value.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following is a description of the methods used to estimate the fair value of all other assets and liabilities recognized at amounts other than fair value.

Cash and cash equivalents: fair value is estimated at book value.

Investment securities, held-to-maturity: fair value for held-to-maturity securities is estimated in the same manner as available-for-sale securities, which is described above.

Loans held for sale: fair value is estimated at book value.

Loans receivable, net of ALLL: fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates at which similar notes would be written for the same remaining maturities. The market rates used are based on current rates the Company would impose for similar loans and reflect a market participant assumption about risks associated with non-performance, illiquidity, and the structure and term of the loans along with local economic and market conditions. Estimated fair value of impaired loans is based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell, or the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate). All impaired loans are classified as Level 3 and all other loans are classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

Accrued interest receivable: fair value is estimated at book value.

Non-marketable equity securities: fair value is estimated at book value due to restrictions that limit the sale or transfer of such securities.

Deposits: fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party and reviewed by the Company. The rates were the average of current rates offered by the Company’s local competitors. The estimated fair value of demand, NOW, savings, and money market deposits is the book value since rates are regularly adjusted to market rates and transactions are executed at book value daily. Therefore, such deposits are classified in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Certificate accounts and wholesale deposits are classified as Level 2 within the hierarchy.


34




Federal Home Loan Bank advances: fair value of non-callable Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar advances with similar maturities. Such rates were obtained from current rates offered by FHLB. The estimated fair value of callable FHLB advances was obtained from FHLB and the model was reviewed by the Company.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowed funds: fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value.

Subordinated debentures: fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates. The market rates used were averages of currently traded trust preferred securities with similar characteristics to the Company’s issuances and obtained from an independent third party.

Accrued interest payable: fair value is estimated at book value.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments: commitments to extend credit and letters of credit represent the principal categories of off-balance sheet financial instruments. Rates for these commitments are set at time of loan closing, such that no adjustment is necessary to reflect these commitments at market value. The Company has an insignificant amount of off-balance sheet financial instruments.

The following tables present the carrying amounts, estimated fair values and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)
Carrying Amount September 30, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
251,413

 
251,413

 

 

Investment securities, available-for-sale
2,292,079

 

 
2,292,079

 

Investment securities, held-to-maturity
679,707

 

 
714,895

 

Loans held for sale
71,069

 
71,069

 

 

Loans receivable, net of ALLL
5,463,428

 

 
5,354,017

 
129,187

Accrued interest receivable
50,138

 
50,138

 

 

Non-marketable equity securities
20,103

 

 
20,103

 

Total financial assets
$
8,827,937

 
372,620

 
8,381,094

 
129,187

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
7,309,319

 
5,994,226

 
1,317,757

 

FHLB advances
211,833

 

 
224,335

 

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds
407,199

 

 
407,199

 

Subordinated debentures
125,956

 

 
84,084

 

Accrued interest payable
3,439

 
3,439

 

 

Interest rate swaps
26,526

 

 
26,526

 

Total financial liabilities
$
8,084,272

 
5,997,665

 
2,059,901

 



35




 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)
Carrying Amount December 31, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
193,253

 
193,253

 

 

Investment securities, available-for-sale
2,610,760

 

 
2,610,760

 

Investment securities, held-to-maturity
702,072

 

 
729,513

 

Loans held for sale
56,514

 
56,514

 

 

Loans receivable, net of ALLL
4,948,984

 

 
4,851,934

 
132,649

Accrued interest receivable
44,524

 
44,524

 

 

Non-marketable equity securities
27,495

 

 
27,495

 

Total financial assets
$
8,583,602

 
294,291

 
8,219,702

 
132,649

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
6,945,008

 
5,654,638

 
1,293,506

 

FHLB advances
394,131

 

 
401,530

 

Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds
430,016

 

 
430,016

 

Subordinated debentures
125,848

 

 
81,840

 

Accrued interest payable
3,517

 
3,517

 

 

Interest rate swaps
19,499

 

 
19,499

 

Total financial liabilities
$
7,918,019

 
5,658,155

 
2,226,391

 


Note 12. Mergers and Acquisitions

On August 31, 2016, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common stock of Treasure State Bank, a community bank based in Missoula, Montana. TSB provides banking services to individuals and businesses in the greater Missoula market. TSB has merged into Glacier Bank and has become a part of the First Security Bank of Missoula bank division. The TSB acquisition was valued at $13,940,000 and resulted in the Company issuing 349,545 shares of its common stock and $3,475,000 in cash in exchange for all of TSB’s outstanding common stock shares. The fair value of the Company shares issued was determined on the basis of the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the August 31, 2016 acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over total identifiable net assets was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company and TSB. None of the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes as the acquisition was accounted for as a tax-free exchange.


36




The assets and liabilities of TSB were recorded on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition at their estimated fair values as of the August 31, 2016 acquisition date and TSB’s results of operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations since that date. The following table discloses the calculation of the fair value of the consideration transferred, the total identifiable net assets acquired and the resulting goodwill arising from the TSB acquisition:

(Dollars in thousands)
August 31,
2016
Fair value of consideration transferred
 
Fair value of Company shares issued, net of equity issuance costs
$
10,465

Cash consideration for outstanding shares
3,475

Contingent consideration

Total fair value of consideration transferred
13,940

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
 
Identifiable assets acquired
 
Cash and cash equivalents
10,176

Loans receivable
51,875

Core deposit intangible
762

Accrued income and other assets
6,937

Total identifiable assets acquired
69,750

Liabilities assumed
 
Deposits
58,364

FHLB advances
3,260

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
601

Total liabilities assumed
62,225

Total identifiable net assets
7,525

Goodwill recognized
$
6,415


The fair value of the TSB assets acquired includes loans with fair values of $51,875,000 and the gross principal and contractual interest due under the TSB contracts is $54,819,000. The Company evaluated the principal and contractual interest due at the acquisition date and determined that an insignificant amount is not expected to be collectible.

Core deposit intangible assets related to the TSB acquisition totaled $762,000 with an estimated life of 10 years.

The Company incurred $302,000 of third-party acquisition-related costs in connection with the TSB acquisition during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The expenses are included in other expense in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Total income consisting of net interest income and non-interest income of the acquired operations of TSB was approximately $336,000 and the net income was approximately $59,000 from August 31, 2016 to September 30, 2016. The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the TSB acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2015:

 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
Net interest income and non-interest income
$
107,656

 
99,748

 
315,683

 
291,097

Net income
30,606

 
29,764

 
89,888

 
86,943




37




Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion is intended to provide a more comprehensive review of the Glacier Bancorp, Inc.’s (“Company”) operating results and financial condition than can be obtained from reading the Consolidated Financial Statements alone. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about management’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions that are not historical facts, and other statements identified by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “should,” “projects,” “seeks,” “estimates” or words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. In addition to the factors set forth in the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, as applicable, in this report and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “2015 Annual Report”), the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results:
the risks associated with lending and potential adverse changes of the credit quality of loans in the Company’s portfolio;
changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Reserve Board, which could adversely affect the Company’s net interest income and profitability;
legislative or regulatory changes, including increased banking and consumer protection regulation that adversely affect the Company’s business;
ability to complete pending or prospective future acquisitions, limit certain sources of revenue, or increase cost of operations;
costs or difficulties related to the completion and integration of acquisitions;
the goodwill the Company has recorded in connection with acquisitions could become impaired, which may have an adverse impact on earnings and capital;
reduced demand for banking products and services;
the risks presented by continued public stock market volatility, which could adversely affect the market price of the Company’s common stock and the ability to raise additional capital or grow the Company through acquisitions;
consolidation in the financial services industry in the Company’s markets resulting in the creation of larger financial institutions who may have greater resources could change the competitive landscape;
dependence on the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the senior management team and the Presidents of Glacier Bank (“Bank”) divisions;
potential interruption or breach in security of the Company’s systems and technological changes which could expose us to new risks (e.g., cybersecurity), fraud or system failures; and
the Company’s success in managing risks involved in the foregoing.

Please take into account that forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly correct or update any forward-looking statement if it later becomes aware that actual results are likely to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statement.


38




MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Financial Highlights
 
At or for the Three Months ended
 
At or for the Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share and market data)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Mar 31,
2016
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2016
 
Sep 30,
2015
Operating results
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
30,957

 
30,451

 
28,682

 
29,614

 
90,090

 
86,619

Basic earnings per share
$
0.40

 
0.40

 
0.38

 
0.39

 
1.18

 
1.15

Diluted earnings per share
$
0.40

 
0.40

 
0.38

 
0.39

 
1.18

 
1.15

Dividends declared per share
$
0.20

 
0.20

 
0.20

 
0.19

 
0.60

 
0.56

Market value per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Closing
$
28.52

 
26.58

 
25.42

 
26.39

 
28.52

 
26.39

High
$
29.99

 
27.68

 
26.34

 
29.88

 
29.99

 
30.08

Low
$
25.49

 
24.31

 
22.19

 
24.33

 
22.19

 
22.27

Selected ratios and other data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of common stock shares outstanding
76,525,402

 
76,171,580

 
76,168,388

 
75,532,082

 
76,525,402

 
75,532,082

Average outstanding shares - basic
76,288,640

 
76,170,734

 
76,126,251

 
75,531,923

 
76,195,550

 
75,424,147

Average outstanding shares - diluted
76,350,873

 
76,205,069

 
76,173,417

 
75,586,453

 
76,247,051

 
75,469,355

Return on average assets (annualized)
1.34
%
 
1.34
%
 
1.28
%
 
1.36
%
 
1.32
%
 
1.37
%
Return on average equity (annualized)
10.80
%
 
10.99
%
 
10.53
%
 
10.93
%
 
10.77
%
 
10.90
%
Efficiency ratio
55.84
%
 
56.10
%
 
56.53
%
 
54.32
%
 
56.15
%
 
55.01
%
Dividend payout ratio
50.00
%
 
50.00
%
 
52.63
%
 
48.72
%
 
50.85
%
 
48.70
%
Loan to deposit ratio
77.53
%
 
76.92
%
 
74.65
%
 
73.68
%
 
77.53
%
 
73.68
%
Number of full time equivalent employees
2,207

 
2,210

 
2,184

 
2,040

 
2,207

 
2,040

Number of locations
142

 
143

 
144

 
133

 
142

 
133

Number of ATMs
166

 
167

 
167

 
158

 
166

 
158


The Company reported net income of $31.0 million for the current quarter, an increase of $1.4 million, or 5 percent, from the $29.6 million of net income for the prior year third quarter. Diluted earnings per share for the current quarter was $0.40 per share, an increase of $0.01, or 3 percent, from the prior year third quarter diluted earnings per share of $0.39. Included in the current quarter was $228 thousand of acquisition-related expenses and $1.4 million of expenses related to the Company’s consolidation of its bank divisions’ core database systems (Core Consolidation Project or “CCP”) including expenses related to the re-issuance of debit cards with chip technology. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had completed the CCP conversion project for ten of its thirteen bank divisions.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $90.1 million, an increase of $3.5 million, or 4 percent, from the $86.6 million of net income for the first nine months of the prior year. Diluted earnings per share for the first nine months of 2016 was $1.18 per share, an increase of $0.03, or 3 percent, from the diluted earnings per share of $1.15 for the same period in the prior year.


39




Recent Acquisition
On August 31, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of Treasure State Bank (“TSB”), which resulted in goodwill of $6.4 million. The Company’s results of operations and financial condition include the acquisition of TSB from the acquisition date. For additional information regarding this acquisition, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

The following table provides information on the fair value of selected classifications of assets and liabilities acquired:

(Dollars in thousands)
August 31,
2016
Total assets
$
76,165

Loans receivable
51,875

Non-interest bearing deposits
13,005

Interest bearing deposits
45,359

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
3,260


Financial Condition Analysis

Assets
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets as of the dates indicated: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
Cash and cash equivalents
$
251,413

 
160,333

 
193,253

 
242,835

 
91,080

 
58,160

 
8,578

Investment securities, available-for-sale
2,292,079

 
2,487,955

 
2,610,760

 
2,530,994

 
(195,876
)
 
(318,681
)
 
(238,915
)
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
679,707

 
680,574

 
702,072

 
651,822

 
(867
)
 
(22,365
)
 
27,885

Total investment securities
2,971,786

 
3,168,529

 
3,312,832

 
3,182,816

 
(196,743
)
 
(341,046
)
 
(211,030
)
Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
696,817

 
672,895

 
688,912

 
644,694

 
23,922

 
7,905

 
52,123

Commercial real estate
2,919,415

 
2,773,298

 
2,633,953

 
2,500,952

 
146,117

 
285,462

 
418,463

Other commercial
1,303,241

 
1,258,227

 
1,099,564

 
1,080,715

 
45,014

 
203,677

 
222,526

Home equity
435,935

 
431,659

 
420,901

 
412,256

 
4,276

 
15,034

 
23,679

Other consumer
240,554

 
242,538

 
235,351

 
237,802

 
(1,984
)
 
5,203

 
2,752

Loans receivable
5,595,962

 
5,378,617

 
5,078,681

 
4,876,419

 
217,345

 
517,281

 
719,543

Allowance for loan and lease losses
(132,534
)
 
(132,386
)
 
(129,697
)
 
(130,768
)
 
(148
)
 
(2,837
)
 
(1,766
)
Loans receivable, net
5,463,428

 
5,246,231

 
4,948,984

 
4,745,651

 
217,197

 
514,444

 
717,777

Other assets
630,248

 
624,349

 
634,163

 
592,997

 
5,899

 
(3,915
)
 
37,251

Total assets
$
9,316,875

 
9,199,442

 
9,089,232

 
8,764,299

 
117,433

 
227,643

 
552,576



40




Total investment securities of $2.972 billion at September 30, 2016 decreased $197 million, or 6 percent, during the current quarter. The decrease in the investment portfolio resulted from the Company redeploying the investment securities portfolio cash flow into the Company’s higher yielding loan portfolio. Investment securities represented 32 percent of total assets at September 30, 2016 compared to 36 percent of total assets at December 31, 2015 and 36 percent at September 30, 2015.

Excluding the acquisition of TSB, the loan portfolio grew $165 million, or 12 percent annualized, during the current quarter. Excluding the acquisition, the loan category with the largest increase was commercial real estate which increased $121 million, or 4 percent. Excluding the TSB acquisition and the acquisition of Cañon National Bank (collectively, “Cañon”) in October 2015, the loan portfolio increased $508 million, or 10 percent, since September 30, 2015 with $283 million and $198 million of the increase coming from growth in commercial real estate and other commercial loans, respectively.

Liabilities
The following table summarizes the Company’s liabilities as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
Deposits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest bearing deposits
$
2,098,747

 
1,907,026

 
1,918,310

 
1,893,723

 
191,721

 
180,437

 
205,024

NOW and DDA accounts
1,514,330

 
1,495,952

 
1,516,026

 
1,373,295

 
18,378

 
(1,696
)
 
141,035

Savings accounts
938,547

 
926,865

 
838,274

 
771,719

 
11,682

 
100,273

 
166,828

Money market deposit accounts
1,442,602

 
1,403,028

 
1,382,028

 
1,350,098

 
39,574

 
60,574

 
92,504

Certificate accounts
975,521

 
1,017,681

 
1,060,650

 
1,094,565

 
(42,160
)
 
(85,129
)
 
(119,044
)
Core deposits, total
6,969,747

 
6,750,552

 
6,715,288

 
6,483,400

 
219,195

 
254,459

 
486,347

Wholesale deposits
339,572

 
338,264

 
229,720

 
189,779

 
1,308

 
109,852

 
149,793

Deposits, total
7,309,319

 
7,088,816

 
6,945,008

 
6,673,179

 
220,503

 
364,311

 
636,140

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
401,243

 
414,327

 
423,414

 
441,041

 
(13,084
)
 
(22,171
)
 
(39,798
)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
211,833

 
328,832

 
394,131

 
329,299

 
(116,999
)
 
(182,298
)
 
(117,466
)
Other borrowed funds
5,956

 
4,926

 
6,602

 
6,619

 
1,030

 
(646
)
 
(663
)
Subordinated debentures
125,956

 
125,920

 
125,848

 
125,812

 
36

 
108

 
144

Other liabilities
114,789

 
111,962

 
117,579

 
113,541

 
2,827

 
(2,790
)
 
1,248

Total liabilities
$
8,169,096

 
8,074,783

 
8,012,582

 
7,689,491

 
94,313

 
156,514

 
479,605


Excluding the TSB acquisition, non-interest bearing deposits increased $179 million, or 9 percent, from the prior quarter which was driven by seasonal fluctuations and a strong inflow of new accounts. Excluding the TSB and Cañon acquisitions, non-interest bearing deposits increased $103 million, or 5 percent, from September 30, 2015. Excluding the TSB acquisition, core interest bearing deposits decreased $17.9 million, or 37 basis points, from the prior quarter. Excluding the TSB and Cañon acquisitions, core interest bearing deposits at September 30, 2016 increased $88 million, or 2 percent, from September 30, 2015. Wholesale deposits (i.e., brokered deposits classified as NOW, DDA, money market deposit and certificate accounts) of $340 million at September 30, 2016 increased $110 million since December 31, 2015 and increased $150 million over the prior year third quarter. A majority of the increase was driven by a need to obtain wholesale deposits necessary for an interest rate swap.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) of $401 million at September 30, 2016 decreased $13.1 million, or 3 percent, from the prior quarter and decreased $39.8 million, or 9 percent, from the prior year third quarter. Repurchase agreements fluctuated as certain customers had significant deposit cash flows. Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances of $212 million at September 30, 2016 decreased $117 million, or 36 percent, during the current quarter as the Company’s funding needs decreased because of the increase in non-interest deposits during the current quarter.


41




Stockholders’ Equity
The following table summarizes the stockholders’ equity balances as of the dates indicated: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
Common equity
$
1,130,941

 
1,104,246

 
1,074,661

 
1,066,801

 
26,695

 
56,280

 
64,140

Accumulated other comprehensive income
16,838

 
20,413

 
1,989

 
8,007

 
(3,575
)
 
14,849

 
8,831

Total stockholders’ equity
1,147,779

 
1,124,659

 
1,076,650

 
1,074,808

 
23,120

 
71,129

 
72,971

Goodwill and core deposit intangible, net
(160,008
)
 
(153,608
)
 
(155,193
)
 
(141,624
)
 
(6,400
)
 
(4,815
)
 
(18,384
)
Tangible stockholders’ equity
$
987,771

 
971,051

 
921,457

 
933,184

 
16,720

 
66,314

 
54,587

Stockholders’ equity to total assets
12.32
%
 
12.23
%
 
11.85
%
 
12.26
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible stockholders’ equity to total tangible assets
10.79
%
 
10.73
%
 
10.31
%
 
10.82
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Book value per common share
$
15.00

 
14.76

 
14.15

 
14.23

 
0.24

 
0.85

 
0.77

Tangible book value per common share
$
12.91

 
12.75

 
12.11

 
12.35

 
0.16

 
0.80

 
0.56


Tangible stockholders’ equity of $988 million at September 30, 2016 increased $16.7 million, or 2 percent, from the prior quarter primarily from earnings retention and $10.5 million of Company stock issued in connection with the TSB acquisition, both of which more than offset the decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income and the increase in intangibles from the acquisition of TSB. Tangible stockholders’ equity increased $54.6 million, or 6 percent, from a year ago, the result of earnings retention, an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income and $25.6 million of Company stock issued in connection with the TSB and Cañon acquisitions; such increases more than offset the increase in goodwill and other intangibles from the acquisitions. Tangible book value per common share at quarter end increased $0.16 per share from the prior quarter and increased $0.56 per share from the prior year third quarter and was principally due to earnings retention.

Cash Dividend
On September 28, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share. The dividend was payable October 20, 2016 to shareholders of record October 11, 2016. Future cash dividends will depend on a variety of factors, including net income, capital, asset quality, general economic conditions and regulatory considerations.


42




Operating Results for Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 
Compared to June 30, 2016, March 31, 2016 and September 30, 2015

Income Summary
The following table summarizes revenue for the periods indicated: 

 
Three Months ended
 
$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Mar 31,
2016
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Mar 31,
2016
 
Sep 30,
2015
Net interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
85,944

 
86,069

 
84,381

 
80,367

 
(125
)
 
1,563

 
5,577

Interest expense
7,318

 
7,424

 
7,675

 
7,309

 
(106
)
 
(357
)
 
9

Total net interest income
78,626

 
78,645

 
76,706

 
73,058

 
(19
)
 
1,920

 
5,568

Non-interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service charges and other fees
16,307

 
15,772

 
14,681

 
15,357

 
535

 
1,626

 
950

Miscellaneous loan fees and charges
1,195

 
1,163

 
1,021

 
1,055

 
32

 
174

 
140

Gain on sale of loans
9,592

 
8,257

 
5,992

 
7,326

 
1,335

 
3,600

 
2,266

(Loss) gain on sale of investments
(594
)
 
(220
)
 
108

 
(31
)
 
(374
)
 
(702
)
 
(563
)
Other income
1,793

 
1,787

 
2,450

 
2,092

 
6

 
(657
)
 
(299
)
Total non-interest income
28,293

 
26,759

 
24,252

 
25,799

 
1,534

 
4,041

 
2,494

 
$
106,919

 
105,404

 
100,958

 
98,857

 
1,515

 
5,961

 
8,062

Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)
4.00
%
 
4.06
%
 
4.01
%
 
3.96
%
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net Interest Income
In the current quarter, interest income of $85.9 million decreased $125 thousand, or 15 basis points, from the prior quarter and was primarily driven by the decrease in interest income from investment securities. As a result of loan growth, commercial loan interest income increased $692 thousand, or 1 percent, during the current quarter and residential real estate loan income increased $414 thousand, or 5 percent, during the current quarter. Current quarter interest income increased $5.6 million, or 7 percent, over the prior year third quarter because of increases in interest income on commercial loans which increased $5.6 million, or 13 percent. As a result of the decreased investment portfolio, the investment income decreased during the current quarter by $1.2 million and decreased $610 thousand compared to the prior year third quarter.

The current quarter interest expense of $7.3 million decreased $106 thousand, or 1 percent, from the prior quarter and increased $9 thousand from the prior year third quarter. The total cost of funding (including non-interest bearing deposits) for the current quarter was 37 basis points compared to 38 basis points for the prior quarter and 39 basis points in the prior year third quarter.

The Company’s net interest margin as a percentage of earning assets, on a tax-equivalent basis, for the current quarter was 4.00 percent compared to 4.06 percent in the prior quarter. During the current quarter, the earning asset yield decreased by 8 basis points and was primarily driven by a 4 basis point decrease from the recovery of interest on loans previously placed on non-accrual and a 4 basis point decrease in discount accretion associated with the fair value of previously acquired loans. The Company’s current quarter net interest margin increased 4 basis points from the prior year third quarter net interest margin of 3.96 percent. The increase was driven by the shift in earning assets from the lower yielding investment securities to higher yielding loans and lower funding cost.


43




Non-interest Income
Non-interest income for the current quarter totaled $28.3 million, an increase of $1.5 million, or 6 percent, from the prior quarter and an increase of $2.5 million, or 10 percent, over the same quarter last year. Service fee income of $16.3 million, increased $535 thousand, or 3 percent, from the prior quarter. Service fee income for the current quarter increased by $950 thousand, or 6 percent, from the prior year third quarter because of the increased number of deposit accounts. Gain on sale of residential loans for the current quarter increased $1.3 million, or 16 percent, from the prior quarter due to the third quarter traditionally experiencing stronger mortgage loan originations. Gain on sale of residential loans for the current quarter increased $2.3 million, or 31 percent, from the prior year third quarter as a result of the housing market continuing to strengthen during the current year coupled with the low interest rate environment. Included in other income was operating revenue of $34 thousand from other real estate owned (“OREO”) and a gain of $134 thousand from the sale of OREO, a combined total of $168 thousand for the current quarter compared to $182 thousand for the prior quarter and $129 thousand for the prior year third quarter.

Non-interest Expense
The following table summarizes non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months ended
 
$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Mar 31,
2016
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Mar 31,
2016
 
Sep 30,
2015
Compensation and employee benefits
$
38,370

 
37,560

 
36,941

 
33,534

 
810

 
1,429

 
4,836

Occupancy and equipment
6,168

 
6,443

 
6,676

 
6,435

 
(275
)
 
(508
)
 
(267
)
Advertising and promotions
2,098

 
2,085

 
2,125

 
2,459

 
13

 
(27
)
 
(361
)
Data processing
4,080

 
3,938

 
3,373

 
2,710

 
142

 
707

 
1,370

Other real estate owned
215

 
214

 
390

 
1,047

 
1

 
(175
)
 
(832
)
Regulatory assessments and insurance
1,158

 
1,066

 
1,508

 
1,478

 
92

 
(350
)
 
(320
)
Core deposit intangibles amortization
777

 
788

 
797

 
720

 
(11
)
 
(20
)
 
57

Other expenses
12,314

 
12,367

 
10,546

 
10,729

 
(53
)
 
1,768

 
1,585

Total non-interest expense
$
65,180

 
64,461

 
62,356

 
59,112

 
719

 
2,824

 
6,068


Compensation and employee benefits for the current quarter increased by $810 thousand, or 2 percent, from the prior quarter. Compensation and employee benefits for the current quarter increased by $4.8 million, or 14 percent, from the prior year third quarter due to the increased number of employees, including increases from the Cañon acquisition, and annual salary increases. Current quarter occupancy and equipment expense decreased $275 thousand, or 4 percent, from the prior quarter and decreased $267 thousand, or 4 percent, from the prior year third quarter. The current quarter data processing expense increased $142 thousand, or 4 percent, from the prior quarter. The current quarter data processing expense increased $1.4 million from the prior year third quarter; such increases primarily from expenses associated with CCP. The current quarter OREO expense of $215 thousand included $162 thousand of operating expense, $13 thousand of fair value write-downs, and $40 thousand of loss from the sales of OREO. Current quarter other expenses of $12.3 million remained stable in total compared to the prior quarter, however several areas experienced increases or decreases related to acquisitions, CCP, and expenses connected with equity investments in New Markets Tax Credit (“NMTC”) projects. Current quarter other expenses increased $1.6 million, or 15 percent, from the prior year third quarter and was primarily driven by increases from costs associated with CCP.


44




Efficiency Ratio
The current quarter efficiency ratio was 55.84 percent, a 26 basis points decrease from the prior quarter efficiency ratio of 56.10 percent which was driven by the increase in gain on sale of residential loans which outpaced the increase in operating expenses. The current quarter efficiency ratio of 55.84 percent compared to 54.32 percent in the prior year third quarter. The 1.52 percent increase in the efficiency ratio was the result of additional costs associated with CCP and increased compensation expense, which was greater than the benefits experienced in net interest income and non-interest income.

Provision for Loan Losses 
The following table summarizes the provision for loan losses, net charge-offs and select ratios relating to the provision for loan losses for the previous eight quarters:
(Dollars in thousands)
Provision
for Loan
Losses
 
Net
Charge-Offs (Recoveries)
 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
as a Percent
of Loans
 
Accruing
Loans 30-89
Days Past Due
as a Percent of
Loans
 
Non-Performing
Assets to
Total Sub-sidiary Assets
Third quarter 2016
$
626

 
$
478

 
2.37
%
 
0.49
%
 
0.84
%
Second quarter 2016

 
(2,315
)
 
2.46
%
 
0.44
%
 
0.82
%
First quarter 2016
568

 
194

 
2.50
%
 
0.46
%
 
0.88
%
Fourth quarter 2015
411

 
1,482

 
2.55
%
 
0.38
%
 
0.88
%
Third quarter 2015
826

 
577

 
2.68
%
 
0.37
%
 
0.97
%
Second quarter 2015
282

 
(381
)
 
2.71
%
 
0.59
%
 
0.98
%
First quarter 2015
765

 
662

 
2.77
%
 
0.71
%
 
1.07
%
Fourth quarter 2014
191

 
1,070

 
2.89
%
 
0.58
%
 
1.08
%

Net charge-offs for the current quarter were $478 thousand compared to net recoveries of $2.3 million for the prior quarter and net charge-offs of $577 thousand from the same quarter last year. The net recoveries and charge-offs continue to trend in the right direction with a fair amount of volatility during the quarters. There was $626 thousand of current quarter provision for loan losses, compared to no provision in the prior quarter and $826 thousand in the prior year third quarter. Loan portfolio growth, composition, average loan size, credit quality considerations, and other environmental factors will continue to determine the level of the loan loss provision. 

The determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL” or “allowance”) and the related provision for loan losses is a critical accounting estimate that involves management’s judgments about current environmental factors which affect loan losses, such factors including economic conditions, changes in collateral values, net charge-offs, and other factors discussed below in “Additional Management’s Discussion and Analysis.”


45




Operating Results for Nine Months ended September 30, 2016 
Compared to September 30, 2015

Income Summary
The following table summarizes revenue for the periods indicated: 

 
Nine Months ended
 
$ Change
 
% Change
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
Net interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
256,394

 
$
236,470

 
$
19,924

 
8
 %
Interest expense
22,417

 
22,060

 
357

 
2
 %
Total net interest income
233,977

 
214,410

 
19,567

 
9
 %
Non-interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service charges and other fees
46,760

 
43,868

 
2,892

 
7
 %
Miscellaneous loan fees and charges
3,379

 
3,354

 
25

 
1
 %
Gain on sale of loans
23,841

 
20,356

 
3,485

 
17
 %
Loss on sale of investments
(706
)
 
(124
)
 
(582
)
 
469
 %
Other income
6,030

 
6,840

 
(810
)
 
(12
)%
Total non-interest income
79,304

 
74,294

 
5,010

 
7
 %
 
$
313,281

 
$
288,704

 
$
24,577

 
9
 %
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)
4.02
%
 
3.99
%
 
 
 
 

Net Interest Income
Net interest income for the first nine months of the current year was $234 million, an increase of $19.6 million, or 9 percent, over the same period last year. Interest income for the first nine months of the current year increased $19.9 million, or 8 percent, from the prior year first nine months and was principally due to a $17.3 million increase in income from commercial loans. Additional increases included $1.4 million in interest income from investment securities and $1.4 million in interest income from residential loans.

Interest expense of $22.4 million for the first nine months of the current year increased $357 thousand, or 2 percent, over the same period in the prior year. Deposit interest expense for the first nine months of the current year increased $1.7 million, or 14 percent, from the prior year first nine months and was driven by the increase in wholesale deposits and the additional interest expense for an interest rate swap with a notional $100 million that began its accrual period in December 2015. FHLB interest expense decreased $1.8 million, or 28 percent, which resulted from long-term advances maturing which were replaced by lower rate short-term advances. The total funding cost (including non-interest bearing deposits) for the first nine months of 2016 was 38 basis points compared to 40 basis points for the first nine months of 2015. 

The net interest margin as a percentage of earning assets, on a tax-equivalent basis, for the first nine months of 2016 was 4.02 percent, a 3 basis point increase from the net interest margin of 3.99 percent for the first nine months of 2015. The increase in the margin was primarily attributable to a shift in earning assets to higher yielding loans combined with a continued increase in low cost deposits.


46




Non-interest Income
Non-interest income of $79.3 million for the first nine months of 2016 increased $5.0 million, or 7 percent, over the same period last year. Service charges and other fees of $46.8 million for the first nine months of 2016 increased $2.9 million, or 7 percent, from the same period last year as a result of an increased number of deposit accounts and increases from recent acquisitions. The gain of $23.8 million on the sale of residential loans for the first nine months of 2016 increased $3.5 million, or 17 percent, from the first nine months of 2015 which was attributable to the stronger housing market and the low interest rate environment. Included in other income was operating revenue of $84 thousand from OREO and gains of $479 thousand from the sales of OREO, which totaled $563 thousand for the first nine months of 2016 compared to $869 thousand for the same period in the prior year.

Non-interest Expense
The following table summarizes non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

 
Nine Months ended
 
$ Change
 
% Change
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
 
Compensation and employee benefits
$
112,871

 
$
98,507

 
$
14,364

 
15
 %
Occupancy and equipment
19,287

 
18,927

 
360

 
2
 %
Advertising and promotions
6,308

 
6,626

 
(318
)
 
(5
)%
Data processing
11,391

 
8,232

 
3,159

 
38
 %
Other real estate owned
819

 
3,182

 
(2,363
)
 
(74
)%
Regulatory assessments and insurance
3,732

 
3,789

 
(57
)
 
(2
)%
Core deposit intangible amortization
2,362

 
2,206

 
156

 
7
 %
Other expenses
35,227

 
33,085

 
2,142

 
6
 %
Total non-interest expense
$
191,997

 
$
174,554

 
$
17,443

 
10
 %

Compensation and employee benefits for the first nine months of 2016 increased $14.4 million, or 15 percent, from the same period due to the increased number of employees including from the acquired banks and annual salary increases. Occupancy and equipment expense of $19.3 million for the first nine months of 2016 increased $360 thousand, or 2 percent. Outsourced data processing expense increased $3.2 million, or 38 percent, from the prior year first nine months as a result of additional costs from CCP. OREO expense of $819 thousand in the first nine months of 2016 decreased $2.4 million, or 74 percent, from the first nine months of the prior year. OREO expense for the first nine months of 2016 included $443 thousand of operating expenses, $92 thousand of fair value write-downs, and $284 thousand of loss from the sales of OREO. Current year other expenses of $35.2 million increased $2.1 million, or 6 percent, from the prior year and was driven by increases from costs associated with CCP which were partially offset by decreases in expenses connected with the equity investments in NMTC projects.

Efficiency Ratio
The efficiency ratio was 56.15 percent for the first nine months of 2016 and 55.01 percent for the first nine months of 2015. Although there were increases in both net interest income and non-interest income, such increases were outpaced by the increases in CCP expenses and compensation expenses which contributed to the higher efficiency ratio in 2016.

Provision for Loan Losses 
The provision for loan losses was $1.2 million for the first nine months of 2016, a decrease of $679 thousand, or 36 percent, from the same period in the prior year. Net recovery of loans during the first nine months of 2016 was $1.6 million compared to net charge-offs of $858 thousand from the first nine months of 2015.


47




ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Investment Activity
Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value and investment securities classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. Unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale securities are reflected as an adjustment to other comprehensive income. The Company’s investment securities are summarized below:

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Carrying Amount
 
Percent
 
Carrying Amount
 
Percent
 
Carrying Amount
 
Percent
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
41,593

 
1
%
 
$
47,451

 
1
%
 
$
49,315

 
2
%
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
16,367

 
%
 
93,167

 
3
%
 
98,791

 
3
%
State and local governments
852,059

 
29
%
 
885,019

 
27
%
 
931,000

 
29
%
Corporate bonds
404,413

 
14
%
 
384,163

 
12
%
 
360,811

 
11
%
Residential mortgage-backed securities
977,647

 
33
%
 
1,200,960

 
36
%
 
1,091,077

 
34
%
Total available-for-sale
2,292,079

 
77
%
 
2,610,760

 
79
%
 
2,530,994

 
79
%
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
679,707

 
23
%
 
702,072

 
21
%
 
651,822

 
21
%
Total held-to-maturity
679,707

 
23
%
 
702,072

 
21
%
 
651,822

 
21
%
Total investment securities
$
2,971,786

 
100
%
 
$
3,312,832

 
100
%
 
$
3,182,816

 
100
%

The Company’s investment portfolio is primarily comprised of state and local government securities and residential mortgage-backed securities. State and local government securities are largely exempt from federal income tax and the Company’s maximum federal statutory rate of 35 percent is used in calculating the tax-equivalent yields on the tax-exempt securities. Residential mortgage-backed securities are typically short, weighted-average life U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations that provide the Company with ongoing liquidity as scheduled and pre-paid principal is received on the securities.

State and local government securities carry different risks that are not as prevalent in other security types. The Company evaluates the investment grade quality of its securities in accordance with regulatory guidance. Investment grade securities are those where the issuer has an adequate capacity to meet the financial commitments under the security for the projected life of the investment. An issuer has an adequate capacity to meet financial commitments if the risk of default by the obligor is low and the full and timely payment of principal and interest are expected. In assessing credit risk, the Company may use credit ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSRO” entities such as Standard and Poor’s [“S&P”] and Moody’s) as support for the evaluation; however, they are not solely relied upon. There have been no significant differences in the Company’s internal evaluation of the creditworthiness of any issuer when compared with the ratings assigned by the NRSROs.


48




The following table stratifies the state and local government securities by the associated NRSRO ratings. The highest issued rating was used to categorize the securities in the table for those securities where the NRSRO ratings were not at the same level.

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
S&P: AAA / Moody’s: Aaa
$
359,030

 
371,249

 
366,961

 
374,470

S&P: AA+, AA, AA- / Moody’s: Aa1, Aa2, Aa3
890,815

 
932,383

 
936,947

 
971,717

S&P: A+, A, A- / Moody’s: A1, A2, A3
229,130

 
244,477

 
239,371

 
252,292

S&P: BBB+, BBB, BBB- / Moody’s: Baa1, Baa2, Baa3
2,270

 
2,408

 
2,858

 
3,017

Not rated by either entity
14,509

 
15,550

 
12,673

 
13,036

Below investment grade
851

 
887

 

 

Total
$
1,496,605

 
1,566,954

 
1,558,810

 
1,614,532


State and local government securities largely consist of both taxable and tax-exempt general obligation and revenue bonds. The following table stratifies the state and local government securities by the associated security type.

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
General obligation - unlimited
$
823,592

 
864,482

 
831,518

 
862,863

General obligation - limited
222,998

 
237,454

 
262,803

 
274,177

Revenue
411,571

 
424,662

 
423,171

 
434,610

Certificate of participation
27,334

 
29,030

 
28,245

 
29,634

Other
11,110

 
11,326

 
13,073

 
13,248

Total
$
1,496,605

 
1,566,954

 
1,558,810

 
1,614,532


The following table outlines the five states in which the Company owns the highest concentrations of state and local government securities.

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Texas
$
206,367

 
215,193

 
211,023

 
218,051

Michigan
174,261

 
184,208

 
156,426

 
162,862

Washington
186,695

 
198,301

 
179,173

 
187,949

California
100,058

 
102,936

 
105,510

 
108,235

Montana
92,099

 
100,119

 
90,272

 
95,644

All other states
737,125

 
766,197

 
816,406

 
841,791

Total
$
1,496,605

 
1,566,954

 
1,558,810

 
1,614,532



49




The following table presents the carrying amount and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2016. Weighted-average yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities and are calculated using the interest method which takes into consideration premium amortization, discount accretion and mortgage-backed securities’ prepayment provisions. Weighted-average yields on tax-exempt investment securities exclude the federal income tax benefit.

 
One Year or Less
 
After One through Five Years
 
After Five through Ten Years
 
After Ten Years
 
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$

 
%
 
$
1,380

 
1.62
%
 
$
9,989

 
1.05
%
 
$
30,224

 
1.27
%
 
$

 
%
 
$
41,593

 
1.22
%
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
455

 
2.23
%
 
15,912

 
2.00
%
 

 
%
 

 
%
 

 
%
 
16,367

 
2.01
%
State and local governments
49,539

 
2.05
%
 
57,417

 
2.11
%
 
191,954

 
3.47
%
 
553,149

 
4.25
%
 

 
%
 
852,059

 
3.79
%
Corporate bonds
79,985

 
2.03
%
 
324,428

 
2.09
%
 

 
%
 

 
%
 

 
%
 
404,413

 
2.08
%
Residential mortgage-backed securities

 
%
 

 
%
 

 
%
 

 
%
 
977,647

 
1.88
%
 
977,647

 
1.88
%
Total available-for-sale
129,979

 
2.03
%
 
399,137

 
2.09
%
 
201,943

 
3.34
%
 
583,373

 
4.08
%
 
977,647

 
1.88
%
 
2,292,079

 
2.60
%
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments

 
%
 

 
%
 
43,656

 
2.65
%
 
636,051

 
4.08
%
 

 
%
 
679,707

 
3.99
%
Total held-to-maturity

 
%
 

 
%
 
43,656

 
2.65
%
 
636,051

 
4.08
%
 

 
%
 
679,707

 
3.99
%
Total investment securities
$
129,979

 
2.03
%
 
$
399,137

 
2.09
%
 
$
245,599

 
3.21
%
 
$
1,219,424

 
4.08
%
 
$
977,647

 
1.88
%
 
$
2,971,786

 
2.92
%

For additional information on investment securities, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Securities Analysis
Non-marketable equity securities. Non-marketable equity securities largely consist of capital stock issued by the FHLB of Des Moines and are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances suggest the carrying value may not be recoverable. Based on the Company’s evaluation of its investments in non-marketable equity securities as of September 30, 2016, the Company determined that none of such securities had other-than-temporary impairment.

Debt securities. In evaluating debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment losses, management assesses whether the Company intends to sell the security or if it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the debt security. In so doing, management considers contractual constraints, liquidity, capital, asset/liability management and securities portfolio objectives. For debt securities with limited or inactive markets, the impact of macroeconomic conditions in the U.S. upon fair value estimates includes higher risk-adjusted discount rates and changes in credit ratings provided by NRSRO. In June 2016, S&P reaffirmed its AA+ rating of U.S. government long-term debt, and the outlook remains stable. In May 2016, Moody's reaffirmed its Aaa rating of U.S. government long-term debt and the outlook remains stable. In April 2016, Fitch reaffirmed its AAA rating of U.S. government long-term debt and the outlook remains stable. S&P, Moody's and Fitch have similar credit ratings and outlooks with respect to certain long-term debt instruments issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and other U.S. government agencies linked to the long-term U.S. debt.


50




The following table separates investments with an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2016 into two categories: investments purchased prior to 2016 and those purchased during 2016. Of those investments purchased prior to 2016, the fair market value and unrealized gain or loss at December 31, 2015 is also presented.

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Unrealized
Loss as a
Percent of
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Unrealized
Loss as a
Percent of
Fair Value
Temporarily impaired securities purchased prior to 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
32,199

 
$
(158
)
 
 %
 
$
37,141

 
$
(361
)
 
(1
)%
State and local governments
249,046

 
(9,995
)
 
(4
)%
 
252,192

 
(8,342
)
 
(3
)%
Corporate bonds
11,202

 
(32
)
 
 %
 
11,162

 
(182
)
 
(2
)%
Residential mortgage-backed securities
78,656

 
(371
)
 
 %
 
103,705

 
(1,300
)
 
(1
)%
Total
$
371,103

 
$
(10,556
)
 
(3
)%
 
$
404,200

 
$
(10,185
)
 
(3
)%
Temporarily impaired securities purchased during 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
$
8,685

 
$
(123
)
 
(1
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities
19,676

 
(57
)
 
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
28,361

 
$
(180
)
 
(1
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Temporarily impaired securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
32,199

 
$
(158
)
 
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and local governments
257,731

 
(10,118
)
 
(4
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate bonds
11,202

 
(32
)
 
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities
98,332

 
(428
)
 
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
399,464

 
$
(10,736
)
 
(3
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 

With respect to severity, the following table provides the number of debt securities and amount of unrealized loss in the various ranges of unrealized loss as a percent of book value at September 30, 2016:
(Dollars in thousands)
Number of
Debt
Securities
 
Unrealized
Loss
5.1% to 10.0%
58

 
$
(6,257
)
0.1% to 5.0%
200

 
(4,479
)
Total
258

 
$
(10,736
)

With respect to the duration of the impaired debt securities, the Company identified 175 securities which have been continuously impaired for the twelve months ending September 30, 2016. The valuation history of such securities in the prior year(s) was also reviewed to determine the number of months in the prior year(s) in which the identified securities were in an unrealized loss position.


51




The following table provides details of the 175 debt securities which have been continuously impaired for the twelve months ended September 30, 2016, including the most notable loss for any one bond in each category.

(Dollars in thousands)
Number of
Debt
Securities
 
Unrealized
Loss for
12 Months
Or More
 
Most
Notable
Loss
U.S. government and federal agency
24

 
$
(151
)
 
$
(23
)
State and local governments
136

 
(9,516
)
 
(783
)
Corporate bonds
3

 
(29
)
 
(13
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
12

 
(176
)
 
(72
)
Total
175

 
$
(9,872
)
 
 

Based on the Company's analysis of its impaired debt securities as of September 30, 2016, the Company determined that none of such securities had other-than-temporary impairment and the unrealized losses were primarily the result of interest rate changes and market spreads subsequent to acquisition. A substantial portion of the debt securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2016 were issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and other agencies of the U.S. government or have credit ratings issued by one or more of the NRSRO entities in the four highest credit rating categories. All of the Company's impaired debt securities at September 30, 2016 have been determined by the Company to be investment grade.

Lending Activity
The Company focuses its lending activities primarily on the following types of loans: 1) first-mortgage, conventional loans secured by residential properties, particularly single-family; 2) commercial lending, including agriculture, that concentrates on targeted businesses; and 3) installment lending for consumer purposes (e.g., home equity, automobile, etc.). Supplemental information regarding the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality based on regulatory classification is provided in the section captioned “Loans by Regulatory Classification” included in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The regulatory classification of loans is based primarily on the type of collateral for the loans. Loan information included in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based on the Company’s loan segments and classes, which are based on the purpose of the loan, unless otherwise noted as a regulatory classification.

The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
Residential real estate loans
$
696,817

 
13
 %
 
$
688,912

 
14
 %
 
$
644,694

 
13
 %
Commercial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate
2,919,415

 
53
 %
 
2,633,953

 
53
 %
 
2,500,952

 
53
 %
Other commercial
1,303,241

 
24
 %
 
1,099,564

 
22
 %
 
1,080,715

 
23
 %
Total
4,222,656

 
77
 %
 
3,733,517

 
75
 %
 
3,581,667

 
76
 %
Consumer and other loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
435,935

 
8
 %
 
420,901

 
9
 %
 
412,256

 
9
 %
Other consumer
240,554

 
4
 %
 
235,351

 
5
 %
 
237,802

 
5
 %
Total
676,489

 
12
 %
 
656,252

 
14
 %
 
650,058

 
14
 %
Loans receivable
5,595,962

 
102
 %
 
5,078,681

 
103
 %
 
4,876,419

 
103
 %
Allowance for loan and lease losses
(132,534
)
 
(2
)%
 
(129,697
)
 
(3
)%
 
(130,768
)
 
(3
)%
Loans receivable, net
$
5,463,428

 
100
 %
 
$
4,948,984

 
100
 %
 
$
4,745,651

 
100
 %


52




Non-performing Assets
The following table summarizes information regarding non-performing assets at the dates indicated:
 
 
At or for the Nine Months ended
 
At or for the Six Months ended
 
At or for the Year ended
 
At or for the Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
Other real estate owned
$
22,662

 
24,370

 
26,815

 
26,609

Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
222

 
772

 

 
43

Commercial
2,687

 
5,039

 
2,051

 
3,674

Consumer and other
390

 
383

 
80

 
67

Total
3,299

 
6,194

 
2,131

 
3,784

Non-accrual loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
4,538

 
4,409

 
8,073

 
9,590

Commercial
42,221

 
34,455

 
36,510

 
37,411

Consumer and other
5,521

 
6,153

 
6,550

 
7,631

Total
52,280

 
45,017

 
51,133

 
54,632

Total non-performing assets 1
$
78,241

 
75,581

 
80,079

 
85,025

Non-performing assets as a percentage of subsidiary assets
0.84
%
 
0.82
%
 
0.88
%
 
0.97
%
ALLL as a percentage of non-performing loans
238
%
 
259
%
 
244
%
 
224
%
Accruing loans 30-89 days past due
$
27,384

 
23,479

 
19,413

 
17,822

Accruing troubled debt restructurings
$
52,578

 
50,054

 
63,590

 
63,638

Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings
$
23,427

 
23,822

 
27,057

 
27,442

Interest income 2
$
1,881

 
1,084

 
2,471

 
1,981

__________
1 
As of September 30, 2016, non-performing assets have not been reduced by U.S. government guarantees of $1.5 million.
2 
Amounts represent estimated interest income that would have been recognized on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis as of the end of each period had such loans performed pursuant to contractual terms.

Non-performing assets at September 30, 2016 were $78.2 million, an increase of $2.7 million, or 4 percent, during the current quarter and a decrease of $6.8 million, or 8 percent, from a year ago. Early stage delinquencies (accruing loans 30-89 days past due) of $27.4 million at September 30, 2016 increased $3.9 million from the prior quarter.

Most of the Company’s non-performing assets are secured by real estate, and based on the most current information available to management, including updated appraisals or evaluations (new or updated), the Company believes the value of the underlying real estate collateral is adequate to minimize significant charge-offs or losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the level of its non-performing loans, the values of the underlying real estate and other collateral, and related trends in internal and external environmental factors and net charge-offs in determining the adequacy of the ALLL. Through pro-active credit administration, the Company works closely with its borrowers to seek favorable resolution to the extent possible, thereby attempting to minimize net charge-offs or losses to the Company. The Company continues to maintain an adequate allowance while working to reduce non-performing loans.


53




Construction loans, a regulatory classification, accounted for 21 percent of the Company’s non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2016. Land, lot and other construction loans, a regulatory classification, were 94 percent of the non-accrual construction loans. Of the Company’s $11.2 million of non-accrual construction loans at September 30, 2016, 92 percent of such loans had collateral properties securing the loans in Western Montana. Consistent with the gradual economic recovery, the upscale primary, secondary and other housing markets, as well as the associated construction and building industries show improved activity after several years of decline. As the housing market (rental and owner-occupied) and related industries continue to recover from the downturn, the Company continues to reduce its exposure to loss in the land, lot and other construction loan portfolio.

During the construction loan term, all construction loan collateral properties are inspected at least monthly, or more frequently as needed, until completion. Draws on construction loans are predicated upon the results of the inspection and advanced based upon a percentage-of-completion basis versus original budget percentages. When construction loans become non-performing and the associated project is not complete, the Company on a case-by-case basis makes the decision to advance additional funds or to initiate collection/foreclosure proceedings. Such decision includes obtaining “as-is” and “at completion” appraisals for consideration of potential increases or decreases in the collateral’s value. The Company also considers the increased costs of monitoring progress to completion, and the related collection/holding period costs should collateral ownership be transferred to the Company. With very limited exception, the Company does not disburse additional funds on non-performing loans. Instead, the Company has proceeded to collection and foreclosure actions in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to loss on such loans.

For additional information on accounting policies relating to non-performing assets and impaired loans, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Impaired Loans
Loans are designated impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement and therefore, the Company has serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to fulfill the contractual obligation. Impaired loans include non-performing loans (i.e., non-accrual loans and accruing loans ninety days or more past due) and accruing loans under ninety days past due where it is probable payments will not be received according to the loan agreement (e.g., troubled debt restructuring).

Impaired loans were $135 million and $141 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The ALLL includes specific valuation allowances of $6.0 million and $8.1 million of impaired loans as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Of the total impaired loans at September 30, 2016, there were 24 significant commercial real estate and other commercial loans that accounted for $63.3 million, or 47 percent, of the impaired loans. The 24 loans were collateralized by 140 percent of the loan value, the majority of which had appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) during the last year, such appraisals reviewed at least quarterly taking into account current market conditions. Of the total impaired loans at September 30, 2016, there were 143 loans aggregating $81.9 million, or 61 percent, whereby the borrowers had more than one impaired loan.

Restructured Loans
A restructured loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The Company had TDR loans of $76.0 million and $90.6 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Company’s TDR loans are considered impaired loans of which $23.4 million and $27.1 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, are designated as non-accrual.

Each restructured debt is separately negotiated with the borrower and includes terms and conditions that reflect the borrower’s prospective ability to service the debt as modified. The Company discourages the use of the multiple loan strategy when restructuring loans regardless of whether or not the loans are designated as TDRs.


54




Other Real Estate Owned
The book value prior to the acquisition of collateral and transfer of the loan into OREO during 2016 was $5.0 million of which $2.7 million was residential real estate loans, $2.2 million was commercial loans, and $88 thousand was consumer loans. The fair value of the loan collateral acquired in foreclosure during 2016 was $4.1 million of which $2.6 million was residential real estate, $1.4 million was commercial, and $42 thousand was consumer loans. The following table sets forth the changes in OREO for the periods indicated:
 
Nine Months ended
 
Six Months ended
 
Year ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
26,815

 
26,815

 
27,804

 
27,804

Acquisitions
882

 

 
974

 
464

Additions
4,117

 
3,635

 
7,989

 
6,910

Capital improvements
149

 
136

 
1,710

 
579

Write-downs
(92
)
 
(79
)
 
(1,575
)
 
(1,522
)
Sales
(9,209
)
 
(6,137
)
 
(10,087
)
 
(7,626
)
Balance at end of period
$
22,662

 
24,370

 
26,815

 
26,609


Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Determining the adequacy of the ALLL involves a high degree of judgment and is inevitably imprecise as the risk of loss is difficult to quantify. The ALLL methodology is designed to reasonably estimate the probable loan and lease losses within the Company’s loan portfolio. Accordingly, the ALLL is maintained within a range of estimated losses. The determination of the ALLL, including the provision for loan losses and net charge-offs, is a critical accounting estimate that involves management’s judgments about all known relevant internal and external environmental factors that affect loan losses, including the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio, economic conditions nationally and in the local markets in which the Company operates, trends and changes in collateral values, delinquencies, non-performing assets, net charge-offs and credit-related policies and personnel. Although the Company continues to actively monitor economic trends, soft economic conditions combined with potential declines in the values of real estate that collateralize most of the Company’s loan portfolio may adversely affect the credit risk and potential for loss to the Company.

The ALLL evaluation is well documented and approved by the Company’s Board. In addition, the policy and procedures for determining the balance of the ALLL are reviewed annually by the Company’s Board, the internal audit department, independent credit reviewers and state and federal bank regulatory agencies.

At the end of each quarter, the Company analyzes its loan portfolio and maintains an ALLL at a level that is appropriate and determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The allowance consists of a specific valuation allowance component and a general valuation allowance component. The specific valuation allowance component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired. A specific valuation allowance is established when the fair value of a collateral-dependent loan or the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate) is lower than the carrying value of the impaired loan. The general valuation allowance component relates to probable credit losses inherent in the balance of the loan portfolio based on historical loss experience, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions of qualitative or environmental factors.


55




The Bank divisions’ credit administration reviews their respective loan portfolios to determine which loans are impaired and estimates the specific valuation allowance. The impaired loans and related specific valuation allowance are then provided to the Company’s credit administration for further review and approval. The Company’s credit administration also determines the estimated general valuation allowance and reviews and approves the overall ALLL. The credit administration of the Company exercises significant judgment when evaluating the effect of applicable qualitative or environmental factors on the Company’s historical loss experience for loans not identified as impaired. Quantification of the impact upon the Company’s ALLL is inherently subjective as data for any factor may not be directly applicable, consistently relevant, or reasonably available for management to determine the precise impact of a factor on the collectability of the Company’s loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of each evaluation date. The Company’s credit administration documents its conclusions and rationale for changes that occur in each applicable factor’s weight (i.e., measurement) and ensures that such changes are directionally consistent based on the underlying current trends and conditions for the factor. To have directional consistency, the provision for loan losses and credit quality should generally move in the same direction.

The Company’s model includes thirteen Bank divisions with separate management teams providing substantial local oversight to the lending and credit management function. The Company’s business model affords multiple reviews of larger loans before credit is extended, a significant benefit in mitigating and managing the Company’s credit risk. The geographic dispersion of the market areas in which the Company operates further mitigates the risk of credit loss. While this process is intended to limit credit exposure, there can be no assurance that further problem credits will not arise and additional loan losses incurred, particularly in this slowly improving, but fragile economic recovery and in periods of rapid economic downturns.

The primary responsibility for credit risk assessment and identification of problem loans rests with the loan officer of the account. This continuous process of identifying impaired loans is necessary to support management’s evaluation of the ALLL adequacy. An independent loan review function verifying credit risk ratings evaluates the loan officer and management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio credit quality.

No assurance can be given that the Company will not, in any particular period, sustain losses that are significant relative to the ALLL amount, or that subsequent evaluations of the loan portfolio applying management’s judgment about then current factors, including economic and regulatory developments, will not require significant changes in the ALLL. Under such circumstances, this could result in enhanced provisions for loan losses.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the ALLL as of the dates indicated:

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
ALLL
 
Percent of ALLL in
Category
 
Percent of
Loans in
Category
 
ALLL
 
Percent
of  ALLL in
Category
 
Percent
of Loans in
Category
 
ALLL
 
Percent
of  ALLL in
Category
 
Percent
of Loans in
Category
Residential real estate
$
13,911

 
10
%
 
13
%
 
$
14,427

 
11
%
 
13
%
 
$
15,708

 
12
%
 
13
%
Commercial real estate
67,244

 
51
%
 
52
%
 
67,877

 
52
%
 
52
%
 
68,026

 
52
%
 
51
%
Other commercial
36,579

 
28
%
 
23
%
 
32,525

 
25
%
 
22
%
 
31,601

 
24
%
 
22
%
Home equity
8,574

 
6
%
 
8
%
 
8,998

 
7
%
 
8
%
 
9,046

 
7
%
 
9
%
Other consumer
6,226

 
5
%
 
4
%
 
5,870

 
5
%
 
5
%
 
6,387

 
5
%
 
5
%
Total
$
132,534

 
100
%
 
100
%
 
$
129,697

 
100
%
 
100
%
 
$
130,768

 
100
%
 
100
%


56




The following table summarizes the ALLL experience for the periods indicated:

 
Nine Months ended
 
Six Months ended
 
Year ended
 
Nine Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
129,697

 
129,697

 
129,753

 
129,753

Provision for loan losses
1,194

 
568

 
2,284

 
1,873

Charge-offs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
(366
)
 
(355
)
 
(985
)
 
(78
)
Commercial loans
(1,064
)
 
(878
)
 
(4,242
)
 
(3,405
)
Consumer and other loans
(3,902
)
 
(1,299
)
 
(1,775
)
 
(1,188
)
Total charge-offs
(5,332
)
 
(2,532
)
 
(7,002
)
 
(4,671
)
Recoveries
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
192

 
44

 
92

 
70

Commercial loans
4,719

 
3,432

 
3,620

 
2,955

Consumer and other loans
2,064

 
1,177

 
950

 
788

Total recoveries
6,975

 
4,653

 
4,662

 
3,813

Charge-offs, net of recoveries
1,643

 
2,121

 
(2,340
)
 
(858
)
Balance at end of period
$
132,534

 
132,386

 
129,697

 
130,768

ALLL as a percentage of total loans
2.37
 %
 
2.46
 %
 
2.55
%
 
2.68
%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs as a percentage of total loans
(0.03
)%
 
(0.04
)%
 
0.05
%
 
0.02
%

The allowance as a percent of total loans outstanding at September 30, 2016 was 2.37 percent, a decrease of 18 basis points from 2.55 percent at December 31, 2015 and a decrease of 31 basis points from 2.68 percent at September 30, 2015 which was driven by loan growth combined with stabilized credit quality.

The Company’s ALLL of $133 million is considered adequate to absorb losses from any class of its loan portfolio. For the periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company believes the ALLL is commensurate with the risk in the Company’s loan portfolio and is directionally consistent with the change in the quality of the Company’s loan portfolio.

When applied to the Company’s historical loss experience, the qualitative or environmental factors result in the provision for loan losses being recorded in the period in which the loss has probably occurred. When the loss is confirmed at a later date, a charge-off is recorded. During 2016, the provision for loan losses exceeded loan charge-offs, net of recoveries, by $2.8 million. During the same period in 2015, the provision for loan losses exceeded loan charge-offs, net of recoveries, by $1.0 million.

The Company provides commercial services to individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities from 142 locations, including 133 branches, across Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Washington. The Rocky Mountain states in which the Company operates have diverse economies and markets that are tied to commodities (crops, livestock, minerals, oil and natural gas), tourism, real estate and land development and an assortment of industries, both manufacturing and service-related. Thus, the changes in the global, national, and local economies are not uniform across the Company’s geographic locations.


57




Overall, there continues to be slow improvements in the economic environment compared to the past several years and the housing market is slowly recovering. Home prices continue to increase within the Company’s footprint. Colorado and Washington are experiencing the strongest pricing pressures, while Wyoming continues to lag behind the national trend. Four of the Company’s states are ranked in the top 10 nationally for house price appreciation. Home ownership in the United States increased during the second half of 2015 for the first time since 2013; however, home ownership fell slightly during the first half of 2016. The long-term average for the United States homeownership rate is at 64 percent. Annual personal income growth remains in positive territory for each of the Company’s states except Wyoming and Washington, Colorado and Utah exceed the national average. The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s composite state coincident indices projects steady growth during the next six months in all of the Company’s footprint, except Montana. Gross Domestic Product growth increased during the prior quarter due to an increase in consumer spending, while consumer sentiment continues to decline as election season draws closer. Utah, Colorado, Idaho and Montana are below the full employment level of 5 percent. Crude oil, natural gas and base metal prices continue to be stressed and certain agriculture commodities within the Company’s footprint remain volatile. The tourism industry and related lodging activity continues to be a source of strength for the locations where the Company’s market areas have national parks and similar recreational areas in the market areas served. However, Canadian tourism in Washington, Idaho and Montana has been negatively impacted by the weak Canadian dollar. Overall, the Company sees positive signs in the various economic indices; however, given the significant recession experienced during 2008 and 2009, the Company is cautiously optimistic about the recovery of the housing industry. The Company will continue to actively monitor the economy’s impact on its lending portfolio.

In evaluating the need for a specific or general valuation allowance for impaired and unimpaired loans, respectively, within the Company’s construction loan portfolio (i.e., regulatory classification), including residential construction and land, lot and other construction loans, the credit risk related to such loans was considered in the ongoing monitoring of such loans, including assessments based on current information, including appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) of the underlying collateral, expected cash flows and the timing thereof, as well as the estimated cost to sell when such costs are expected to reduce the cash flows available to repay or otherwise satisfy the construction loan. Construction loans were 12 percent of the Company’s total loan portfolio and accounted for 21 percent and 34 percent of the Company’s non-accrual loans at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Collateral securing construction loans includes residential buildings (e.g., single/multi-family and condominiums), commercial buildings, and associated land (e.g., multi-acre parcels and individual lots, with and without shorelines).

The Company’s ALLL consisted of the following components as of the dates indicated:
 
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
Specific valuation allowance
$
5,966

 
4,365

 
8,124

 
7,497

General valuation allowance
126,568

 
128,021

 
121,573

 
123,271

Total ALLL
$
132,534

 
132,386

 
129,697

 
130,768


During 2016, the ALLL increased by $2.8 million, the net result of a $2.2 million decrease in the specific valuation allowance and a $5.0 million increase in the general valuation allowance. The specific valuation allowance decreased compared to the prior year end due to a decrease in loans individually reviewed for impairment with a specific impairment. The increase in the general valuation allowance since the prior year end was a result of an increase of $523 million in loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

For additional information regarding the ALLL, its relation to the provision for loan losses and risk related to asset quality, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”


58




Loans by Regulatory Classification
Supplemental information regarding identification of the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality based on regulatory classification is provided in the following tables. The regulatory classification of loans is based primarily on the type of collateral for the loans. There may be differences when compared to loan tables and loan amounts appearing elsewhere which reflect the Company’s internal loan segments and classes which are based on the purpose of the loan.

The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by regulatory classification:
 
Loans Receivable, by Loan Type
 
% Change from
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
Custom and owner occupied construction
$
82,935

 
$
78,525

 
$
75,094

 
$
64,951

 
6
 %
 
10
 %
 
28
 %
Pre-sold and spec construction
66,812

 
59,530

 
50,288

 
46,921

 
12
 %
 
33
 %
 
42
 %
Total residential construction
149,747

 
138,055

 
125,382

 
111,872

 
8
 %
 
19
 %
 
34
 %
Land development
68,597

 
61,803

 
62,356

 
83,756

 
11
 %
 
10
 %
 
(18
)%
Consumer land or lots
96,798

 
95,247

 
97,270

 
98,490

 
2
 %
 
 %
 
(2
)%
Unimproved land
69,880

 
70,396

 
73,844

 
74,439

 
(1
)%
 
(5
)%
 
(6
)%
Developed lots for operative builders
13,256

 
13,845

 
12,336

 
13,697

 
(4
)%
 
7
 %
 
(3
)%
Commercial lots
27,512

 
26,084

 
22,035

 
22,937

 
5
 %
 
25
 %
 
20
 %
Other construction
246,753

 
206,343

 
156,784

 
122,347

 
20
 %
 
57
 %
 
102
 %
Total land, lot, and other construction
522,796

 
473,718

 
424,625

 
415,666

 
10
 %
 
23
 %
 
26
 %
Owner occupied
963,063

 
927,237

 
938,625

 
885,736

 
4
 %
 
3
 %
 
9
 %
Non-owner occupied
890,981

 
835,272

 
774,192

 
739,057

 
7
 %
 
15
 %
 
21
 %
Total commercial real estate
1,854,044

 
1,762,509

 
1,712,817

 
1,624,793

 
5
 %
 
8
 %
 
14
 %
Commercial and industrial
697,598

 
705,011

 
649,553

 
619,688

 
(1
)%
 
7
 %
 
13
 %
Agriculture
425,645

 
421,097

 
367,339

 
386,523

 
1
 %
 
16
 %
 
10
 %
1st lien
883,034

 
867,918

 
856,193

 
801,705

 
2
 %
 
3
 %
 
10
 %
Junior lien
61,788

 
64,248

 
65,383

 
67,351

 
(4
)%
 
(5
)%
 
(8
)%
Total 1-4 family
944,822

 
932,166

 
921,576

 
869,056

 
1
 %
 
3
 %
 
9
 %
Multifamily residential
204,395

 
198,583

 
201,542

 
189,944

 
3
 %
 
1
 %
 
8
 %
Home equity lines of credit
399,446

 
388,939

 
372,039

 
359,605

 
3
 %
 
7
 %
 
11
 %
Other consumer
154,547

 
156,568

 
150,469

 
154,095

 
(1
)%
 
3
 %
 
 %
Total consumer
553,993

 
545,507

 
522,508

 
513,700

 
2
 %
 
6
 %
 
8
 %
Other
313,991

 
276,111

 
209,853

 
185,633

 
14
 %
 
50
 %
 
69
 %
Total loans receivable, including loans held for sale
5,667,031

 
5,452,757

 
5,135,195

 
4,916,875

 
4
 %
 
10
 %
 
15
 %
Less loans held for sale 1
(71,069
)
 
(74,140
)
 
(56,514
)
 
(40,456
)
 
(4
)%
 
26
 %
 
76
 %
Total loans receivable
$
5,595,962

 
$
5,378,617

 
$
5,078,681

 
$
4,876,419

 
4
 %
 
10
 %
 
15
 %
__________
1  Loans held for sale are primarily 1st lien 1-4 family loans.

59




The following tables summarize selected information identified by regulatory classification of the Company’s non-performing assets.
 
 
Non-performing Assets, by Loan Type
 
Non-
Accrual
Loans
 
Accruing
Loans 90  Days or  More Past Due
 
Other
Real  Estate
Owned
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2016
Sep 30,
2016
Sep 30,
2016
Custom and owner occupied construction
$
375

 
390

 
1,016

 
1,048

 
375

 

 

Pre-sold and spec construction
250

 

 

 

 
250

 

 

Total residential construction
625

 
390

 
1,016

 
1,048

 
625

 

 

Land development
11,717

 
12,830

 
17,582

 
17,719

 
1,588

 

 
10,129

Consumer land or lots
2,196

 
1,656

 
2,250

 
2,430

 
766

 

 
1,430

Unimproved land
12,068

 
12,147

 
12,328

 
12,055

 
7,980

 

 
4,088

Developed lots for operative builders
175

 
176

 
488

 
492

 

 

 
175

Commercial lots
2,165

 
1,979

 
1,521

 
1,631

 
216

 

 
1,949

Other construction

 

 
4,236

 
4,244

 

 

 

Total land, lot and other construction
28,321

 
28,788

 
38,405

 
38,571

 
10,550

 

 
17,771

Owner occupied
19,970

 
10,503

 
10,952

 
12,719

 
18,190

 

 
1,780

Non-owner occupied
4,005

 
4,055

 
3,446

 
3,833

 
3,328

 

 
677

Total commercial real estate
23,975

 
14,558

 
14,398

 
16,552

 
21,518

 

 
2,457

Commercial and industrial
5,175

 
7,123

 
3,993

 
5,110

 
5,002

 
160

 
13

Agriculture
2,329

 
3,979

 
3,281

 
3,114

 
2,145

 
184

 

1st lien
9,333

 
11,332

 
10,691

 
11,953

 
6,267

 
817

 
2,249

Junior lien
1,335

 
1,489

 
668

 
660

 
1,160

 
35

 
140

Total 1-4 family
10,668

 
12,821

 
11,359

 
12,613

 
7,427

 
852

 
2,389

Multifamily residential
432

 
432

 
113

 

 
432

 

 

Home equity lines of credit
4,734

 
5,413

 
5,486

 
6,013

 
4,445

 
289

 

Other consumer
182

 
275

 
228

 
204

 
136

 
14

 
32

Total consumer
4,916

 
5,688

 
5,714

 
6,217

 
4,581

 
303

 
32

Other
1,800

 
1,802

 
1,800

 
1,800

 

 
1,800

 

Total
$
78,241

 
75,581

 
80,079

 
85,025

 
52,280

 
3,299

 
22,662




60




 
Accruing 30-89 Days Delinquent  Loans,  by Loan Type
 
% Change from
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
Custom and owner occupied construction
$
65

 
$
375

 
$
462

 
$
138

 
(83
)%
 
(86
)%
 
(53
)%
Pre-sold and spec construction

 
304

 
181

 
144

 
(100
)%
 
(100
)%
 
(100
)%
Total residential construction
65

 
679

 
643

 
282

 
(90
)%
 
(90
)%
 
(77
)%
Land development

 
37

 
447

 

 
(100
)%
 
(100
)%
 
n/m

Consumer land or lots
130

 
676

 
166

 
266

 
(81
)%
 
(22
)%
 
(51
)%
Unimproved land
857

 
879

 
774

 
304

 
(3
)%
 
11
 %
 
182
 %
Developed lots for operative builders

 
166

 

 

 
(100
)%
 
n/m

 
n/m

Other construction
7,125

 

 
337

 

 
n/m

 
2,014
 %
 
n/m

Total land, lot and other construction
8,112

 
1,758

 
1,724

 
570

 
361
 %
 
371
 %
 
1,323
 %
Owner occupied
586

 
2,975

 
2,760

 
2,497

 
(80
)%
 
(79
)%
 
(77
)%
Non-owner occupied
5,830

 
5,364

 
923

 
5,529

 
9
 %
 
532
 %
 
5
 %
Total commercial real estate
6,416

 
8,339

 
3,683

 
8,026

 
(23
)%
 
74
 %
 
(20
)%
Commercial and industrial
4,038

 
4,956

 
1,968

 
2,774

 
(19
)%
 
105
 %
 
46
 %
Agriculture
989

 
804

 
1,014

 
867

 
23
 %
 
(2
)%
 
14
 %
1st lien
3,439

 
2,667

 
6,272

 
2,510

 
29
 %
 
(45
)%
 
37
 %
Junior lien
977

 
1,251

 
1,077

 
228

 
(22
)%
 
(9
)%
 
329
 %
Total 1-4 family
4,416

 
3,918

 
7,349

 
2,738

 
13
 %
 
(40
)%
 
61
 %
Multifamily residential

 

 
662

 
114

 
n/m

 
(100
)%
 
(100
)%
Home equity lines of credit
2,383

 
2,253

 
1,046

 
1,599

 
6
 %
 
128
 %
 
49
 %
Other consumer
943

 
736

 
1,227

 
811

 
28
 %
 
(23
)%
 
16
 %
Total consumer
3,326

 
2,989

 
2,273

 
2,410

 
11
 %
 
46
 %
 
38
 %
Other
22

 
36

 
97

 
41

 
(39
)%
 
(77
)%
 
(46
)%
Total
$
27,384

 
$
23,479

 
$
19,413

 
$
17,822

 
17
 %
 
41
 %
 
54
 %
__________
n/m - not measurable


61




The following table summarizes net charge-offs at the dates indicated, including identification by regulatory classification:

 
Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries), Year-to-Date
Period Ending, By Loan Type
 
Charge-Offs
 
Recoveries
(Dollars in thousands)
Sep 30,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2015
 
Sep 30,
2016
Sep 30,
2016
Pre-sold and spec construction
$
(39
)
 
(37
)
 
(53
)
 
(34
)
 

 
39

Land development
(2,372
)
 
(2,342
)
 
(288
)
 
(293
)
 
29

 
2,401

Consumer land or lots
(487
)
 
(351
)
 
66

 
(8
)
 
25

 
512

Unimproved land
(114
)
 
(46
)
 
(325
)
 
(152
)
 

 
114

Developed lots for operative builders
(23
)
 
(54
)
 
(85
)
 
(72
)
 
15

 
38

Commercial lots
29

 
21

 
(26
)
 
(5
)
 
33

 
4

Other construction

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 

Total land, lot and other construction
(2,967
)
 
(2,772
)
 
(659
)
 
(531
)
 
102

 
3,069

Owner occupied
(354
)
 
(51
)
 
247

 
249

 
32

 
386

Non-owner occupied
9

 
(3
)
 
93

 
105

 
13

 
4

Total commercial real estate
(345
)
 
(54
)
 
340

 
354

 
45

 
390

Commercial and industrial
(643
)
 
(112
)
 
1,389

 
1,011

 
761

 
1,404

Agriculture
(29
)
 
(1
)
 
50

 
(8
)
 
25

 
54

1st lien
132

 
245

 
834

 
(80
)
 
327

 
195

Junior lien
(15
)
 
(56
)
 
(125
)
 
(106
)
 
137

 
152

Total 1-4 family
117

 
189

 
709

 
(186
)
 
464

 
347

Multifamily residential
229

 
229

 
(318
)
 
(318
)
 
229

 

Home equity lines of credit
450

 
(25
)
 
740

 
531

 
696

 
246

Other consumer
255

 
149

 
143

 
39

 
409

 
154

Total consumer
705

 
124

 
883

 
570

 
1,105

 
400

Other
1,329

 
313

 
(1
)
 

 
2,601

 
1,272

Total
$
(1,643
)
 
(2,121
)
 
2,340

 
858

 
5,332

 
6,975





62




Sources of Funds
The Company’s deposits have traditionally been the principal source of funds for use in lending and other business purposes. The Company also obtains funds from repayment of loans and investment securities, repurchase agreements, wholesale deposits, advances from FHLB and other borrowings. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while interest bearing deposit inflows and outflows are significantly influenced by general interest rate levels and market conditions. Borrowings and advances may be used on a short-term basis to compensate for reductions in normal sources of funds such as deposit inflows at less than projected levels. Borrowings also may be used on a long-term basis to support expanded activities, match maturities of longer-term assets or manage interest rate risk.

Deposits
The Company has several deposit programs designed to attract both short-term and long-term deposits from the general public by providing a wide selection of accounts and rates. These programs include non-interest bearing demand accounts, interest bearing NOW and demand accounts, savings, money market deposit accounts, fixed rate certificates of deposit with maturities ranging from three months to five years, negotiated-rate jumbo certificates, and individual retirement accounts. These deposits are obtained primarily from individual and business residents in the Bank’s geographic market areas. In addition, wholesale deposits are obtained through various programs and include brokered deposits classified as NOW, DDA, money market deposit and certificate accounts. The Company’s deposits are summarized below:

 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
September 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
Non-interest bearing deposits
$
2,098,747

 
29
%
 
$
1,918,310

 
28
%
 
$
1,893,723

 
28
%
NOW and DDA accounts
1,514,330

 
21
%
 
1,516,026

 
22
%
 
1,373,295

 
21
%
Savings accounts
938,547

 
13
%
 
838,274

 
12
%
 
771,719

 
12
%
Money market deposit accounts
1,442,602

 
20
%
 
1,382,028

 
20
%
 
1,350,098

 
20
%
Certificate accounts
975,521

 
13
%
 
1,060,650

 
15
%
 
1,094,565

 
16
%
Wholesale deposits
339,572

 
4
%
 
229,720

 
3
%
 
189,779

 
3
%
Total interest bearing deposits
5,210,572

 
71
%
 
5,026,698

 
72
%
 
4,779,456

 
72
%
Total deposits
$
7,309,319

 
100
%
 
$
6,945,008

 
100
%
 
$
6,673,179

 
100
%

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase, Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings
The Company borrows money through repurchase agreements. This process involves the selling of one or more of the securities in the Company’s investment portfolio and simultaneously entering into an agreement to repurchase that same securities at an agreed upon later date, typically overnight. A rate of interest is paid for the agreed period of time. Through a policy adopted by the Bank’s Board of Directors, the Bank enters into repurchase agreements with local municipalities, and certain customers, and has adopted procedures designed to ensure proper transfer of title and safekeeping of the underlying securities. In addition to retail repurchase agreements, the Company enters into wholesale repurchase agreements as additional funding sources. The Company has not entered into reverse repurchase agreements.

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which is one of eleven banks that comprise the FHLB system.  The Bank is required to maintain a certain level of activity-based stock in order to borrow or to engage in other transactions with the FHLB of Des Moines. Additionally, the Bank is subject to a membership capital stock requirement that is based upon an annual calibration tied to the total assets of the Bank. The borrowings are collateralized by eligible categories of loans and investment securities (principally, securities which are obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government and its agencies), provided certain standards related to credit-worthiness have been met. Advances are made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rates and range of maturities. The Bank’s maximum amount of FHLB advances is limited to the lesser of a fixed percentage of the Bank’s total assets or the discounted value of eligible collateral. FHLB advances fluctuate to meet seasonal and other withdrawals of deposits and to expand lending or investment opportunities of the Company.

Additionally, the Company has other sources of secured and unsecured borrowing lines from various sources that may be used from time to time.


63




Short-term borrowings
A critical component of the Company’s liquidity and capital resources is access to short-term borrowings to fund its operations. Short-term borrowings are accompanied by increased risks managed by the Bank’s Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”) such as rate increases or unfavorable change in terms which would make it more costly to obtain future short-term borrowings. The Company’s short-term borrowing sources include FHLB advances, federal funds purchased and retail and wholesale repurchase agreements. The Company also has access to the short-term discount window borrowing programs (i.e., primary credit) of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). FHLB advances and certain other short-term borrowings may be renewed as long-term borrowings to decrease certain risks such as liquidity or interest rate risk; however, the reduction in risks are weighed against the increased cost of funds and other risks.

The following table provides information relating to short-term borrowings which consists of borrowings that mature within one year of period end: 
 
At or for the Nine Months ended
 
At or for the Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Repurchase agreements
 
 
 
Amount outstanding at end of period
$
401,243

 
423,414

Weighted interest rate on outstanding amount
0.33
%
 
0.31
%
Maximum outstanding at any month-end
$
445,960

 
441,041

Average balance
$
376,560

 
376,983

Weighted-average interest rate
0.31
%
 
0.27
%
FHLB advances
 
 
 
Amount outstanding at end of period
$
1,119

 
185,091

Weighted interest rate on outstanding amount
1.87
%
 
1.02
%
Maximum outstanding at any month-end
$
240,050

 
185,091

Average balance
$
105,595

 
107,341

Weighted-average interest rate
0.95
%
 
3.06
%

Subordinated Debentures
In addition to funds obtained in the ordinary course of business, the Company formed or acquired financing subsidiaries for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities that entitle the investor to receive cumulative cash distributions thereon. The subordinated debentures outstanding as of September 30, 2016 were $126 million, including fair value adjustments from prior acquisitions.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, there may be various outstanding commitments to obtain funding and to extend credit, such as letters of credit and un-advanced loan commitments, which are not reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions.

Off-balance sheet arrangements also include any obligation related to a variable interest held in an unconsolidated entity. The Company does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions. For additional information regarding the Company’s interests in unconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIE”), see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”


64




Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the possibility that the Company will not be able to fund present and future obligations as they come due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding at a reasonable cost. The objective of liquidity management is to maintain cash flows adequate to meet current and future needs for credit demand, deposit withdrawals, maturing liabilities and corporate operating expenses. Effective liquidity management entails three elements:
1.
Assessing on an ongoing basis, the current and expected future needs for funds, and ensuring that sufficient funds or access to funds exist to meet those needs at the appropriate time;
2.
Providing for an adequate cushion of liquidity to meet unanticipated cash flow needs that may arise from potential adverse circumstances ranging from high probability/low severity events to low probability/high severity; and
3.
Balancing the benefits between providing for adequate liquidity to mitigate potential adverse events and the cost of that liquidity.

The Company has a wide range of versatility in managing the liquidity and asset/liability mix. The Bank’s ALCO meets regularly to assess liquidity risk, among other matters. The Company monitors liquidity and contingency funding alternatives through management reports of liquid assets (e.g., investment securities), both unencumbered and pledged, as well as borrowing capacity, both secured and unsecured, including off-balance sheet funding sources. The Company evaluates its potential funding needs across alternative scenarios and maintains contingency funding plans consistent with the Company’s access to diversified sources of contingent funding.

The following table identifies certain liquidity sources and capacity available to the Company as of the dates indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
FHLB advances
 
 
 
Borrowing capacity
$
1,609,110

 
1,494,288

Amount utilized
(211,833
)
 
(394,131
)
Amount available
$
1,397,277

 
1,100,157

FRB discount window
 
 
 
Borrowing capacity
$
1,074,975

 
945,948

Amount utilized

 

Amount available
$
1,074,975

 
945,948

Unsecured lines of credit available
$
255,000

 
255,000

Unencumbered investment securities
 
 
 
U.S. government and federal agency
$
41,593

 
47,451

U.S. government sponsored enterprises
8,759

 
75,419

State and local governments
802,945

 
880,866

Corporate bonds
118,130

 
48,528

Residential mortgage-backed securities
268,354

 
435,749

Total unencumbered securities
$
1,239,781

 
1,488,013



65




Capital Resources
Maintaining capital strength continues to be a long-term objective of the Company. Abundant capital is necessary to sustain growth, provide protection against unanticipated declines in asset values, and to safeguard the funds of depositors. Capital is also a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities. The Company has the capacity to issue 117,187,500 shares of common stock of which 76,525,402 have been issued as of September 30, 2016. The Company also has the capacity to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock of which none have been issued as of September 30, 2016. Conversely, the Company may decide to utilize a portion of its strong capital position, as it has done in the past, to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock, depending on market price and other relevant considerations.

The Federal Reserve has adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. In July 2013, the federal banking agencies approved the final rules (“Final Rules”) to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework with a phase-in period beginning on January 1, 2015 and ending on January 1, 2019. The Final Rules implement the third installment of the Basel Accords (“Basel III”) regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”) and substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Company. Basel III redefines the regulatory capital elements and minimum capital ratios, introduces regulatory capital buffers above those minimums, revises rules for calculating risk-weighted assets and adds a new component of Tier 1 capital called Common Equity Tier 1, which includes common equity and retained earnings and excludes preferred equity.

The following table illustrates the Bank’s regulatory ratios and the Federal Reserve’s current capital adequacy guidelines as of September 30, 2016. The Federal Reserve’s fully phased-in guidelines applicable in 2019 are also summarized.

 
Total Capital (To Risk-Weighted Assets)
 
Tier 1 Capital (To Risk-Weighted Assets)
 
Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk-Weighted Assets)
 
Leverage Ratio/ Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
Glacier Bank’s actual regulatory ratios
16.31
%
 
15.05
%
 
15.05
%
 
11.77
%
Minimum capital requirements
8.00
%
 
6.00
%
 
4.50
%
 
4.00
%
Well capitalized requirements
10.00
%
 
8.00
%
 
6.50
%
 
5.00
%
Minimum capital requirements, including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer (2019)
10.50
%
 
8.50
%
 
7.00
%
 
N/A


The Company has evaluated the impact of the Final Rules and believes that, as of September 30, 2016, the Company would meet all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III capital rules on a fully phased-in basis as if all such requirements were currently in effect. There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2016 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category.


66




Federal and State Income Taxes
The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return using the accrual method of accounting. All required tax returns have been timely filed. Financial institutions are subject to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in the same general manner as other corporations.

Under Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah law, financial institutions are subject to a corporation income tax, which incorporates or is substantially similar to applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The corporation income tax is imposed on federal taxable income, subject to certain adjustments. State taxes are incurred at the rate of 6.75 percent in Montana, 7.4 percent in Idaho, 5 percent in Utah and 4.63 percent in Colorado. Wyoming and Washington do not impose a corporate income tax.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $30.0 million and $25.7 million, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was 25.0 percent and 22.9 percent, respectively. The primary reason for the current and prior year’s low effective tax rate is the amount of tax-exempt investment income and federal income tax credits. Tax-exempt investment income was $37.8 million and $38.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The benefits from federal income tax credits were $2.4 million and $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company has equity investments in Certified Development Entities (“CDE”) which have received allocations of NMTCs. Administered by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (“CDFI Fund”) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the NMTC program is aimed at stimulating economic and community development and job creation in low-income communities. The federal income tax credits received are claimed over a seven-year credit allowance period. The Company also has equity investments in Low Income Housing Tax Credits (“LIHTC”) which are indirect federal subsidies used to finance the development of affordable rental housing for low-income households. The federal income tax credits are claimed over a ten-year credit allowance period. The Company has investments of $22.8 million in Qualified Zone Academy and Qualified School Construction bonds whereby the Company receives quarterly federal income tax credits in lieu of taxable interest income. The federal income tax credits on these investment securities are subject to federal and state income tax.

Following is a list of expected federal income tax credits to be received in the years indicated.
 
(Dollars in thousands)
New
Markets
Tax Credits
 
Low-Income
Housing
Tax Credits
 
Investment
Securities
Tax Credits
 
Total
2016
$
2,150

 
1,079

 
863

 
4,092

2017
1,586

 
1,902

 
786

 
4,274

2018
1,264

 
2,261

 
709

 
4,234

2019
1,364

 
2,261

 
660

 
4,285

2020
1,364

 
2,047

 
611

 
4,022

Thereafter
1,959

 
7,596

 
2,494

 
12,049

 
$
9,687

 
17,146

 
6,123

 
32,956



67




Average Balance Sheet
The following schedule provides 1) the total dollar amount of interest and dividend income of the Company for earning assets and the average yields; 2) the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest bearing liabilities and the average rates; 3) net interest and dividend income and interest rate spread; and 4) net interest margin (tax-equivalent).
 
Three Months ended
 
Nine Months ended
 
September 30, 2016
 
September 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)
Average
Balance
 
Interest &
Dividends
 
Average
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest &
Dividends
 
Average
Yield/
Rate
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate loans
$
752,723

 
$
8,538

 
4.54
%
 
$
736,866

 
$
24,947

 
4.51
%
Commercial loans 1
4,092,627

 
48,817

 
4.75
%
 
3,915,503

 
142,108

 
4.85
%
Consumer and other loans
678,415

 
7,885

 
4.62
%
 
666,200

 
23,501

 
4.71
%
Total loans 2
5,523,765

 
65,240

 
4.70
%
 
5,318,569

 
190,556

 
4.79
%
Tax-exempt investment securities 3
1,311,616

 
18,764

 
5.72
%
 
1,337,511

 
57,420

 
5.72
%
Taxable investment securities 4
1,774,209

 
9,813

 
2.21
%
 
1,895,871

 
31,961

 
2.25
%
Total earning assets
8,609,590

 
93,817

 
4.33
%
 
8,551,951

 
279,937

 
4.37
%
Goodwill and intangibles
155,347

 
 
 
 
 
154,708

 
 
 
 
Non-earning assets
398,463

 
 
 
 
 
393,290

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
9,163,400

 
 
 
 
 
$
9,099,949

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest bearing deposits
$
1,973,648

 
$

 
%
 
$
1,897,176

 
$

 
%
NOW and DDA accounts
1,501,944

 
244

 
0.06
%
 
1,487,413

 
808

 
0.07
%
Savings accounts
934,911

 
119

 
0.05
%
 
900,141

 
331

 
0.05
%
Money market deposit accounts
1,425,655

 
543

 
0.15
%
 
1,410,257

 
1,635

 
0.15
%
Certificate accounts
986,411

 
1,482

 
0.60
%
 
1,030,283

 
4,605

 
0.60
%
Wholesale deposits 5
345,287

 
2,162

 
2.49
%
 
335,628

 
6,526

 
2.60
%
FHLB advances
259,216

 
1,527

 
2.30
%
 
319,808

 
4,844

 
1.99
%
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds
502,391

 
1,241

 
0.98
%
 
507,514

 
3,668

 
0.97
%
Total interest bearing liabilities
7,929,463

 
7,318

 
0.37
%
 
7,888,220

 
22,417

 
0.38
%
Other liabilities
93,250

 
 
 
 
 
94,718

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
8,022,713

 
 
 
 
 
7,982,938

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
762

 
 
 
 
 
762

 
 
 
 
Paid-in capital
741,072

 
 
 
 
 
738,126

 
 
 
 
Retained earnings
381,197

 
 
 
 
 
366,094

 
 
 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
17,656

 
 
 
 
 
12,029

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
1,140,687

 
 
 
 
 
1,117,011

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
9,163,400

 
 
 
 
 
$
9,099,949

 
 
 
 
Net interest income (tax-equivalent)
 
 
$
86,499

 
 
 
 
 
$
257,520

 
 
Net interest spread (tax-equivalent)
 
 
 
 
3.96
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.99
%
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)
 
 
 
 
4.00
%
 
 
 
 
 
4.02
%
 
__________
1 
Includes tax effect of $1.1 million and $2.9 million on tax-exempt municipal loan and lease income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
2 
Total loans are gross of the allowance for loan and lease losses, net of unearned income and include loans held for sale. Non-accrual loans were included in the average volume for the entire period.
3 
Includes tax effect of $6.4 million and $19.6 million on tax-exempt investment securities income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
4 
Includes tax effect of $352 thousand and $1.1 million on federal income tax credits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
5 
Wholesale deposits include brokered deposits classified as NOW, DDA, money market deposit and certificate accounts.

68




Rate/Volume Analysis
Net interest income can be evaluated from the perspective of relative dollars of change in each period. Interest income and interest expense, which are the components of net interest income, are shown in the following table on the basis of the amount of any increases (or decreases) attributable to changes in the dollar levels of the Company’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities (“volume”) and the yields earned and rates paid on such assets and liabilities (“rate”). The change in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rates has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
 
Nine Months ended September 30,
 
2016 vs. 2015
 
Increase (Decrease) Due to:
(Dollars in thousands)
Volume
 
Rate
 
Net
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate loans
$
2,235

 
(869
)
 
1,366

Commercial loans (tax-equivalent)
18,799

 
(450
)
 
18,349

Consumer and other loans
1,624

 
(1,800
)
 
(176
)
Investment securities (tax-equivalent)
572

 
1,311

 
1,883

Total interest income
23,230

 
(1,808
)
 
21,422

Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
NOW and DDA accounts
85

 
(67
)
 
18

Savings accounts
58

 
10

 
68

Money market deposit accounts
99

 
(8
)
 
91

Certificate accounts
(524
)
 
(155
)
 
(679
)
Wholesale deposits
2,657

 
(456
)
 
2,201

FHLB advances
126

 
(1,967
)
 
(1,841
)
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds
29

 
470

 
499

Total interest expense
2,530

 
(2,173
)
 
357

Net interest income (tax-equivalent)
$
20,700

 
365

 
21,065


Net interest income (tax-equivalent) increased $21.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The interest income for the current year first nine months increased over the same period last year primarily from increased growth of the Company’s commercial loan portfolio along with an increased growth in other loan categories. Total interest expense remained relatively flat for the first nine months of 2016 compared to the same period in the prior year, although, there was an increase in expenses related to wholesale deposits which was offset by a decrease in expense on FHLB advances. The increase in the amount of wholesale deposits was driven by an interest rate swap which started interest expense accruals in the fourth quarter of 2015. The decrease in rates on FHLB advances was driven by long-term advances maturing and being replaced by short-term lower cost FHLB advances.

Effect of inflation and changing prices
GAAP often requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without consideration for change in relative purchasing power over time due to inflation. Virtually all assets of the Company are monetary in nature; therefore, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a company’s performance than does the effect of inflation.



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Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

The Company’s assessment of market risk as of September 30, 2016 indicates there are no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures from those in the 2015 Annual Report.


Item 4.
Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as required by Exchange Act Rules 240.13a-15(b) and 15d-14(c)) as of September 30, 2016. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s current disclosure controls and procedures are effective and timely, providing them with material information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Controls
There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the third quarter of 2016, to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims, legal actions and complaints which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the Company’s opinion, all such matters are adequately covered by insurance, are without merit or are of such kind, or involve such amounts, that unfavorable disposition would not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.


Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company believes there have been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in the 2015 Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described in the 2015 Annual Report should be carefully reviewed. These are not the only risks and uncertainties that the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties that the Company does not currently know about or that the Company currently believes are immaterial, or that the Company has not predicted, may also harm its business operations or adversely affect the Company. If any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs, the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity could be adversely affected.


Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)
Not Applicable

(b)
Not Applicable

(c)
Not Applicable



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Item 3.
Defaults upon Senior Securities

(a)
Not Applicable

(b)
Not Applicable


Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable


Item 5.
Other Information

(a)
Not Applicable

(b)
Not Applicable


Item 6. Exhibits
 
Exhibit 31.1 -
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 31.2 -
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32 -
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 101 -
The following financial information from Glacier Bancorp, Inc's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 is formatted in XBRL: (i) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2016
/s/ Michael J. Blodnick
 
 
Michael J. Blodnick
 
 
President and CEO
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2016
/s/ Ron J. Copher
 
 
Ron J. Copher
 
 
Executive Vice President and CFO
 



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