10-K 1 b72903wce10vk.htm WATERS CORPORATION FORM 10-K e10vk
Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
 
     
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
or
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Commission File Number: 01-14010
 
Waters Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  13-3668640
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
34 Maple Street
Milford, Massachusetts 01757
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)
 
(508) 478-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
     
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:   Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
    Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value
$0.01 per share
    New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
  None
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o     No þ
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes o     No þ
 
State the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2008: $6,447,529,000.
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of February 18, 2009: 97,048,783
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III.
 


 

 
WATERS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
 
INDEX
 
                 
Item
       
No.
      Page
 
 
1.
    Business     3  
 
1A.
    Risk Factors     10  
 
1B.
    Unresolved Staff Comments     13  
 
2.
    Properties     13  
 
3.
    Legal Proceedings     14  
 
4.
    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     15  
        Executive Officers of the Registrant     15  
 
 
5.
    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities     16  
 
6.
    Selected Financial Data     18  
 
7.
    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     18  
 
7A.
    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk     33  
 
8.
    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data     36  
 
9.
    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure     74  
 
9A.
    Controls and Procedures     74  
 
9B.
    Other Information     74  
 
 
10.
    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance     74  
 
11.
    Executive Compensation     75  
 
12.
    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters     75  
 
13.
    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence     75  
 
14.
    Principal Accountant Fees and Services     75  
 
 
15.
    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules     76  
        Signatures     79  
 EX-10.5 Amended and Restated Waters Corporation 1996 Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, Effective January 1, 2008.
 EX-10.36 2008 Waters Corporation Management Incentive Plan.
 EX-10.49 Amended and Restated Waters Retirement Restoration Plan, Effective January 1, 2008.
 EX-21.1 Subsidiaries of Waters Corporation.
 EX-23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm.
 EX-31.1 Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 EX-31.2 Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 EX-32.1 Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 EX-32.2 Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.


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PART I
 
Item 1:   Business
 
General
 
Waters Corporation (“Waters” or the “Company”), an analytical instrument manufacturer, designs, manufactures, sells and services, through its Waters Division, high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”), ultra performance liquid chromatography® (“UPLC” and together with HPLC, herein referred to as “LC”) and mass spectrometry (“MS”) instrument systems and support products, including chromatography columns, other consumable products and comprehensive post-warranty service plans. These systems are complementary products that can be integrated together and used along with other analytical instruments. Through its TA Division (“TA”), the Company designs, manufactures, sells and services thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry instruments. The Company is also a developer and supplier of software-based products that interface with the Company’s instruments as well as other manufacturers’ instruments.
 
The Company’s products are used by pharmaceutical, life science, biochemical, industrial, academic and government customers working in research and development, quality assurance and other laboratory applications. The Company’s (LC and MS) instruments are utilized in this broad range of industries to detect, identify, monitor and measure the chemical, physical and biological composition of materials, as well as to purify a full range of compounds. These instruments are used in drug discovery and development, including clinical trial testing, the analysis of proteins in disease processes (known as “proteomics”), food safety analysis and environmental testing. The Company’s thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry instruments are used in predicting the suitability of fine chemicals and polymers for uses in various industrial, consumer goods and healthcare products.
 
Waters is a holding company that owns all of the outstanding common stock of Waters Technologies Corporation, its operating subsidiary. Waters became a publicly traded company with its initial public offering (“IPO”) in November 1995. Since the IPO, the Company has added two significant and complementary technologies to its range of products with the acquisitions of TA Instruments in May 1996 and Micromass Limited (“Micromass”) in September 1997.
 
Business Segments
 
The Company’s business activities, for which discrete financial information is available, are regularly reviewed and evaluated by the chief operating decision makers. As a result of this evaluation, the Company determined that it has two operating segments: Waters Division and TA Division. As indicated above, the Company operates in the analytical instruments industry, designing, manufacturing, distributing and servicing products in three technologies: LC and MS instruments; columns and other consumables; and thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry instruments. The Company’s two operating segments, Waters Division and TA Division, have similar economic characteristics; product processes; products and services; types and classes of customers; methods of distribution and regulatory environments. Because of these similarities, the two segments have been aggregated into one reporting segment for financial statement purposes.
 
Information concerning revenues and long-lived assets attributable to each of the Company’s products, services and geographic areas is set forth in Note 18 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
WATERS DIVISION
 
High Performance and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
 
Developed in the 1950’s, HPLC is the standard technique used to identify and analyze the constituent components of a variety of chemicals and other materials. The Company believes that HPLC’s performance capabilities enable it to separate and identify approximately 80% of all known chemicals and materials. As a result, HPLC is used to analyze substances in a wide variety of industries for research and development purposes, quality control and process engineering applications.


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The most significant end-use markets for HPLC are those served by the pharmaceutical and life science industries. In these markets, HPLC is used extensively to identify new drugs, develop manufacturing methods and assure the potency and purity of new pharmaceuticals. HPLC is also used in a variety of other applications, such as analyses of foods and beverages for nutritional labeling and compliance with safety regulations, the testing of water and air purity within the environmental testing industry, as well as applications in other industries, such as chemical and consumer products. HPLC is also used by universities, research institutions and government agencies, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and their international counterparts that mandate testing that requires HPLC instrumentation.
 
Traditionally, a typical HPLC system has consisted of five basic components: solvent delivery system, sample injector, separation column, detector and data acquisition unit. The solvent delivery system pumps the solvent through the HPLC system, while the sample injector introduces the sample into the solvent flow. The chromatography column then separates the sample into its components for analysis by the detector, which measures the presence and amount of the constituents. The data acquisition unit, usually referred to as the instrument’s software or data system, then records and stores the information from the detector.
 
In 2004, Waters introduced a novel technology that the Company describes as ultra performance liquid chromatography that utilizes a packing material with small, uniform diameter particles and a specialized instrument, the ACQUITY UPLC®, to accommodate the increased pressure and narrow chromatographic bands that are generated by these small particles. By using the ACQUITY UPLC, researchers and analysts are able to achieve more comprehensive chemical separations and faster analysis times in comparison with many analyses performed by HPLC. In addition, in using ACQUITY UPLC, researchers have the potential to extend the range of application beyond that of HPLC, enabling them to uncover new levels of scientific information. Though it offers significant performance advantages, ACQUITY UPLC is compatible with the Company’s software products and the general operating protocols of HPLC. For these reasons, the Company’s customers and field sales and support organizations are well positioned to utilize this new technology and instrument. The Company began shipping the ACQUITY UPLC in the third quarter of 2004. During 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company experienced growth in the LC instrument systems product line primarily from the sales of the ACQUITY UPLC.
 
Waters manufactures LC instruments that are offered in configurations that allow for varying degrees of automation, from component configured systems for academic research applications to fully automated systems for regulated testing, and that have a variety of detection technologies, from ultra-violet (“UV”) absorbance to MS, optimized for certain analyses. The Company also manufactures tailored LC systems for the analysis of biologics, as well as an LC detector utilizing evaporative light scattering technology to expand the usage of LC to compounds that are not amenable to UV absorbance detection.
 
The primary consumable products for LC are chromatography columns. These columns are packed with separation media used in the LC testing process and are replaced at regular intervals. The chromatography column contains one of several types of packing material, typically stationary phase particles made from silica. As the sample flows through the column, it is separated into its constituent components.
 
Waters HPLC columns can be used on Waters-branded and competitors’ LC systems. The Company believes that it is one of the few suppliers in the world that processes silica, packs columns and distributes its own products. In doing so, the Company believes it can better ensure product consistency, a key attribute for its customers in quality control laboratories, and react quickly to new customer requirements. The Company believes that its ACQUITY UPLC lines of columns are used nearly exclusively on its ACQUITY UPLC instrument and, furthermore, that its ACQUITY UPLC instrument will primarily use ACQUITY UPLC columns. In 2008, 2007 and 2006, excluding the small impact from acquisitions mentioned below, the Company experienced growth in its LC chromatography column and sample preparation businesses, especially in ACQUITY UPLC columns.
 
In December 2008, the Company acquired the net assets of Analytical Products Group, Inc. (“APG”), a provider of environmental testing products for quality control and proficiency testing used in environmental laboratories, for $5 million in cash. The APG business has been integrated into the Company’s Environmental Resources Associates, Inc. (“ERA”) business, which was acquired in December 2006. The Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of ERA, a provider of environmental testing products for quality control, proficiency testing and specialty calibration chemicals used in environmental laboratories, for $62 million in cash, including the


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assumption of $4 million of debt. ERA also provides product support services required to help laboratories with their federal and state mandated accreditation requirements or with quality control over critical pharmaceutical analysis. In February 2006, the Company acquired the net assets of the food safety business of VICAM Limited Partnership (“VICAM”) for $14 million in cash. VICAM is a leading provider of tests to identify and quantify mycotoxins in various agricultural commodities. The Company’s test kits provide reliable, quantitative detection of particular mycotoxins through the choice of flurometer, LC-MS or HPLC. The APG, ERA and VICAM acquisitions have all been integrated into the chromatography column product line.
 
In June 2007, the Company made an equity investment in Thar Instruments, Inc. (“Thar”), a privately held global leader in the design, development and manufacture of analytical and preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid extraction systems, for $4 million in cash. This investment is accounted for under the cost method of accounting. On February 2, 2009, the Company acquired all of the remaining outstanding capital stock of Thar for $36 million, including the assumption of $4 million of debt.
 
Based upon reports from independent marketing research firms and publicly disclosed sales figures from competitors, the Company believes that it is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and distributors of LC instruments, chromatography columns and other consumables and related services. The Company also believes that it has the leading LC market share in the United States, Europe and Asia and believes it has a leading market share position in Japan.
 
Mass Spectrometry
 
Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that is used to identify unknown compounds, to quantify known materials and to elucidate the structural and chemical properties of molecules by measuring the masses of individual molecules that have been converted into ions.
 
The Company believes it is a market leader in the development, manufacture, sale and distribution of MS instruments. These instruments can be integrated and used along with other complementary analytical instruments and systems, such as LC, chemical electrophoresis, chemical electrophoresis chromatography and gas chromatography. A wide variety of instrumental designs fall within the overall category of MS instrumentation, including devices that incorporate quadrupole, ion trap, time of flight (“Tof”) and classical magnetic sector technologies. Furthermore, these technologies are often used in tandem to maximize the efficacy of certain experiments.
 
Currently, the Company offers a wide range of MS instruments utilizing various combinations of quadrupole, Tof, ion mobility and magnetic sector designs. These instruments are used in drug discovery and development, as well as for environmental testing. The majority of mass spectrometers sold by the Company are designed to utilize an LC system as the sample introduction device. These products supply a diverse market with a strong emphasis on the life science, pharmaceutical, biomedical, clinical and environmental market segments worldwide.
 
The mass spectrometer is an increasingly important detection device for LC. The Company’s smaller-sized mass spectrometers (such as the SQD and the TQD) are often referred to as LC “detectors” and are either sold as part of an LC system or as an LC upgrade. Large quadrupole systems, such as the Xevotm TQ and Quattro Premiertm XE instruments, are used primarily for experiments performed for late-stage drug development, including clinical trial testing, and Q-Toftm instruments, such as the Company’s Synapttm MS, are often used to analyze the role of proteins in disease processes, an application sometimes referred to as “proteomics”. In late 2006, the Company introduced a new tandem quadrupole device, the TQD, and a new hybrid quadrupole-time of flight technology system, the Synapttm HDMStm. The Synapt HDMS system integrates ion mobility technology within a Q-Tof geometry instrument configuration and uniquely allows researchers to glean molecular shape information, a novel capability for a mass spectrometry instrument. In 2008, the Company introduced a new Q-Tof instrument called the Synapt MS. This instrument is an improved version of the Q-Tof Premiertm that customers may opt to upgrade to Synapt HDMS capability. In late 2008, the Xevo quadrupole time-of-flight (QTof) mass spectrometer (MS), an exact mass MS/MS bench-top instrument was introduced. The introduction of these new products has augmented the growth of the MS instrument systems.


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LC-MS
 
LC and MS are instrumental technologies often embodied within an analytical system tailored for either a dedicated class of analyses or as a general purpose analytical device. An increasing percentage of the Company’s customers are purchasing LC and MS components simultaneously and it is becoming common for LC and MS instrumentation to be used within the same laboratory and be operated by the same user. The descriptions of LC and MS above reflect the historical segmentation of these analytical technologies and the historical categorization of their respective practitioners. Increasingly in today’s instrument market, this segmentation and categorization is becoming obsolete as a high percentage of instruments used in the laboratory embody both LC and MS technologies as part of a single device. In response to this development and to further promote the high utilization of these hybrid instruments, the Company has organized its Waters Division to develop, manufacture, sell and service integrated LC-MS systems.
 
Service
 
The servicing and support of LC and MS instruments and accessories is an important source of revenue for the Waters Division. These revenues are derived primarily through the sale of support plans, demand service, customer training and performance validation services. Support plans most typically involve scheduled instrument maintenance and an agreement to promptly repair a non-functioning instrument in return for a fee described in a contract that is priced according to the configuration of the instrument.
 
TA DIVISION
 
Thermal Analysis, Rheometry and Calorimetry
 
Thermal analysis measures the physical characteristics of materials as a function of temperature. Changes in temperature affect several characteristics of materials, such as their physical state, weight, dimension and mechanical and electrical properties, which may be measured by one or more thermal analysis techniques, including calorimetry. Consequently, thermal analysis techniques are widely used in the development, production and characterization of materials in various industries, such as plastics, chemicals, automobiles, pharmaceuticals and electronics.
 
Rheometry instruments complement thermal analyzers in characterizing materials. Rheometry characterizes the flow properties of materials and measures their viscosity, elasticity and deformation under different types of “loading” or conditions. The information obtained under such conditions provides insight into a material’s behavior during manufacturing, transport, usage and storage.
 
Thermal analysis and rheometry instruments are heavily used in material testing laboratories and, in many cases, provide information useful in predicting the suitability of polymers and viscous liquids for various industrial, consumer goods and healthcare products. As with systems offered through the Waters Division, a range of instrumental configurations are available with increasing levels of sample handling and information processing automation. In addition, systems and accompanying software packages can be tailored for specific applications. For example, the Q-Seriestm family of differential scanning calorimeters includes a range of instruments, from basic dedicated analyzers to more expensive systems, that can accommodate robotic sample handlers and a variety of sample cells and temperature control features for analyzing a broad range of materials. In 2006, TA introduced four new differential scanning calorimeters. During 2005, TA introduced a new thermogravimetric analyzer (“TGA”), the Q5000IR TGA, and a new AR-G2 rheometer. The introduction of these new products significantly helped grow the TA business in 2008, 2007 and 2006.
 
In July 2008, the Company acquired the net assets of VTI Corporation (“VTI”), a manufacturer of sorption analysis and thermogravimetric analysis instruments, for $3 million in cash. VTI’s products are widely used in the evaluation of pharmaceuticals, catalysts and energy-related materials. This acquisition adds two technologies which complement TA’s existing gravimetric analysis product line. VTI sorption analysis products are designed for water and organic vapor sorption studies of pharmaceuticals and related materials. VTI’s high pressure, high vacuum TGA projects are designed for high pressure sorption studies which are commonly used in the analysis of energy-related materials.


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In August 2007, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Calorimetry Sciences Corporation (“CSC”), a privately held company that designs, develops and manufactures highly sensitive calorimeters, for $7 million in cash, including the assumption of $1 million of liabilities. CSC products and services are primarily used in the life sciences industry. This acquisition adds two systems which complement TA’s existing TAM micro-calorimeter product line. The Nano-ITC is an isothermal titration calorimeter designed to measure protein-ligand binding and the interaction of biological materials. The Nano-DSC is an ultra-sensitive scanning calorimeter used to measure the stability of proteins and other macromolecules in dilute solutions and is commonly used in pharmaceutical development processes.
 
In August 2006, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Thermometric AB (“Thermometric”), a manufacturer of high performance micro-calorimeters, for $3 million in cash, including the assumption of $1 million of debt. Thermometric’s flagship product, the TAM III, is a modular calorimeter that employs proprietary technology to deliver calorimetric sensitivity and temperature stability. It is used to characterize materials and their interactions in the fields of pharmaceuticals, life and materials sciences. The TAM III systems complement TA’s industry leading Q-Series differential scanning calorimeter product line and the CSC product lines acquired in 2007. Thermometric’s manufacturing and research and development were moved and consolidated with CSC late in 2008.
 
Service
 
The Company sells, supports and services these product offerings through TA, headquartered in New Castle, Delaware. TA operates independently from the Waters Division, though several of its overseas offices are situated in Waters facilities. TA has dedicated field sales and service operations. Service sales are primarily derived from the sale of replacement parts and from billed labor fees associated with the repair, maintenance and upgrade of installed systems.
 
Customers
 
The Company has a broad and diversified customer base that includes pharmaceutical accounts, other industrial accounts, universities and government agencies. The pharmaceutical segment represents the Company’s largest sector and includes multi-national pharmaceutical companies, generic drug manufacturers, contract research organizations (CROs) and biotechnology companies. The Company’s other industrial customers include chemical manufacturers, polymer manufacturers, food and beverage companies and environmental testing laboratories. The Company also sells to various universities and government agencies worldwide. The Company’s technical support staff works closely with its customers in developing and implementing applications that meet their full range of analytical requirements.
 
The Company does not rely on any single customer or one group of customers for a material portion of its sales. During fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006, no single customer accounted for more than 3% of the Company’s net sales.
 
Sales and Service
 
The Company has one of the largest sales and service organizations in the industry, focused exclusively on the various instrument systems installed base. Across these product technologies, using respective specialized sales and service forces, the Company serves its customer base with approximately 2,600 field representatives in 88 sales offices throughout the world as of December 31, 2008, compared to approximately 2,500 field representatives in 86 sales offices as of December 31, 2007. The Company’s sales representatives have direct responsibility for account relationships, while service representatives work in the field to install instruments and minimize instrument downtime for customers. Technical support representatives work directly with customers, helping them to develop applications and procedures. The Company provides customers with comprehensive information through various corporate and regional internet web sites and product literature, and also makes consumable products available through electronic ordering facilities and a dedicated catalog.


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Manufacturing
 
The Company provides high quality LC products by controlling each stage of the production of its instruments, columns and chemical reagents. The Company currently assembles a portion of its LC instruments at its facility in Milford, Massachusetts, where it performs machining, assembly and testing. The Milford facility maintains a quality management system in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2000, ISO 13485:2003 and applicable regulatory requirements (including FDA Quality System Regulations and the European In-Vitro Diagnostics Directives). The Company outsources manufacturing of certain electronic components, such as computers, monitors and circuit boards, to outside vendors that can meet the Company’s quality requirements. In 2006, the Company transitioned the manufacturing of the Alliance HPLC instrument system to a company in Singapore. The Company expects to continue pursuing outsourcing opportunities.
 
The Company manufactures its LC columns at its facilities in Taunton, Massachusetts and Wexford, Ireland, where it processes, sizes and treats silica and polymeric media that are packed into columns, solid phase extraction cartridges and bulk shipping containers. The Wexford facility also manufactures and distributes certain data, instruments and software components for the Company’s LC, MS and TA Division product lines. These facilities meet the same ISO and FDA standards met by the Milford, Massachusetts facility and are registered with the FDA. VICAM manufactures antibody resin and magnetic beads that are packed into columns and kits in Watertown, Massachusetts and Nixa, Missouri. ERA manufactures environmental proficiency kits in Arvada, Colorado.
 
The Company manufactures most of its MS products at its facilities in Manchester, England; Cheshire, England and Wexford, Ireland. Certain components or modules of the Company’s MS instruments are manufactured by long-standing outside contractors. Each stage of this supply chain is closely monitored by the Company to maintain high quality and performance standards. The instruments, components or modules are then returned to the Company’s facilities where its engineers perform final assembly, calibrations to customer specifications and quality control procedures. The Company’s MS facilities meet similar ISO and FDA standards met by the Milford, Massachusetts facility and are registered with the FDA.
 
Thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry products are manufactured by TA. Thermal analysis products are manufactured at the Company’s New Castle, Delaware facility. Rheometry products are manufactured at the Company’s New Castle, Delaware and Crawley, England facilities. CSC and Thermometric manufacture high performance calorimeters in Lindon, Utah. VTI manufactures sorption analysis and thermogravimetric analysis instruments in Hialeah, FL. Similar to MS, elements of TA’s products are manufactured by outside contractors and are then returned to the Company’s facilities for final assembly, calibration and quality control. The Company’s thermal analysis facilities are certified to ISO 9001:2000 standards.
 
Research and Development
 
The Company maintains an active research and development program focused on the development and commercialization of products that both complement and update the existing product offering. The Company’s research and development expenditures for 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $82 million, $81 million and $77 million, respectively. Nearly all of the current LC products of the Company have been developed at the Company’s main research and development center located in Milford, Massachusetts, with input and feedback from the Company’s extensive field organizations. The majority of the MS products have been developed at facilities in England and nearly all of the current thermal analysis products have been developed at the Company’s research and development center in New Castle, Delaware. At December 31, 2008, there were 646 employees involved in the Company’s research and development efforts, compared to 628 employees in 2007. The Company has increased research and development expenses relating to acquisitions and the Company’s continued commitment to invest significantly in new product development and existing product enhancements. Despite the Company’s active research and development programs, there can be no assurances that the Company’s product development and commercialization efforts will be successful or that the products developed by the Company will be accepted by the marketplace.
 
Employees
 
The Company employed approximately 5,000 employees at both December 31, 2008 and 2007. Approximately 44% and 47% of the Company’s employees were located in the United States at December 31, 2008 and 2007,


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respectively. The Company believes its employee relations are generally good. The Company’s employees are not unionized or affiliated with any internal or external labor organizations. The Company believes that its future success largely depends upon its continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees.
 
Competition
 
The analytical instrument and systems market is highly competitive. The Company encounters competition from several worldwide instrument manufacturers and other companies in both domestic and foreign markets for each of its three technologies. The Company competes in its markets primarily on the basis of instrument performance, reliability, service and, to a lesser extent, price. Some competitors have instrument businesses that are generally more diversified than the Company’s business but are typically less focused on the Company’s chosen markets. Some competitors have greater financial and other resources than the Company.
 
In the markets served by the Waters Division, the Company’s principal competitors include: Agilent Technologies, Inc., Life Technologies, Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Varian, Inc., Shimadzu Corporation, Dionex Corporation and Bruker BioSciences Corporation. In the markets served by the TA Division, the Company’s principal competitors include: PerkinElmer Inc., Mettler-Toledo International Inc., NETZSCH-Geraetebau GmbH, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Malvern Instruments Ltd., Anton-Paar and General Electric Corporation. The Company is not currently aware of a competitor that it believes offers an instrument system comparable to its ACQUITY UPLC.
 
The market for consumable LC products, including separation columns, is highly competitive and more fragmented than the analytical instruments market. The Company encounters competition in the consumable columns market from chemical companies that produce column chemicals and small specialized companies that pack and distribute columns. The Company believes that it is one of the few suppliers that process silica, packs columns and distributes its own product. The Company competes in this market on the basis of reproducibility, reputation, performance and, to a lesser extent, price. The Company’s principal competitors for consumable products include: Phenomenex, Supelco Inc., Agilent Technologies, Inc., General Electric Corporation, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Merck and Co., Inc. The ACQUITY UPLC instrument is designed to offer a predictable level of performance when used with ACQUITY UPLC columns and the Company believes that the expansion of the ACQUITY UPLC instrument base will enhance its chromatographic column business because of the high level of synergy between ACQUITY UPLC columns and the ACQUITY UPLC instrument.
 
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
 
The Company owns a number of United States and foreign patents and has patent applications pending in the United States and abroad. Certain technology and software is licensed from third parties. The Company also owns a number of trademarks. The Company’s patents, trademarks and licenses are viewed as valuable assets to its operations. However, the Company believes that no one patent or group of patents, trademark or license is, in and of itself, essential to the Company such that its loss would materially affect the Company’s business as a whole.
 
Environmental Matters
 
The Company is subject to federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances that (i) govern activities or operations that may have adverse environmental effects, such as discharges to air and water as well as handling and disposal practices for solid and hazardous wastes, and (ii) impose liability for the costs of cleaning up and certain damages resulting from sites of past spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous substances. The Company believes that it currently conducts its operations and has operated its business in the past in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws. From time to time, operations of the Company have resulted or may result in noncompliance with environmental laws or liability for cleanup pursuant to environmental laws. The Company does not currently anticipate any material adverse effect on its operations, financial condition or competitive position as a result of its efforts to comply with environmental laws.


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Available Information
 
The Company files all required reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public may read and copy any materials the Company files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
 
The Company is an electronic filer and the SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC electronic filing website is http://www.sec.gov. The Company also makes available, free of charge on its website, its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The Internet address for Waters Corporation is http://www.waters.com and SEC filings can be found under the caption > Investors.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
Certain of the statements in this Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with respect to future results and events, including statements regarding, among other items, (i) the impact of the Company’s new products; (ii) the Company’s growth strategies, including its intention to make acquisitions and introduce new products; (iii) anticipated trends in the Company’s business; (iv) the Company’s ability to continue to control costs and maintain quality and (v) current economic conditions. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “would”, “intends”, “appears”, “estimates”, “projects”, “should” and similar expressions, whether in the negative or affirmative. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the control of the Company, including, and without limitation, the impact on demand among the Company’s various market sectors from current economic difficulties and possible recession; the impact of changes in accounting principles and practices or tax rates, including the effect of recently restructuring certain legal entities; the ability to access capital in volatile market conditions; the ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses; fluctuations in capital expenditures by the Company’s customers, in particular, large pharmaceutical companies; regulatory and/or administrative obstacles to the timely completion of purchase order documentation; introduction of competing products by other companies and loss of market share; pressures on prices from competitors and/or customers; regulatory obstacles to new product introductions; lack of acceptance of new products; other changes in the demands of the Company’s healthcare and pharmaceutical company customers; changes in distribution of the Company’s products; risks associated with lawsuits and other legal actions, particularly involving claims for infringement of patents and other intellectual property rights; and foreign exchange rate fluctuations potentially adversely affecting translation of the Company’s future non-U.S. operating results, as well as additional risk factors set forth below in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements, whether because of these factors or for other reasons. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this report. The Company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
 
Item 1A:   Risk Factors
 
Global Economic Conditions
Global economic conditions have recently deteriorated significantly, which has and will continue to have an unpredictable impact on demand for the Company’s products. These conditions resulted in a decline in demand for the Company’s products and services in the fourth quarter of 2008. There can be no assurance that there will not be a further deterioration in financial markets and confidence in major economies. Any further deterioration or prolonged disruption in the financial markets or market conditions generally may result in reduced demand for the Company’s products and services. The Company’s global business may also be adversely affected by decreases in the general level of economic activity as a result of the economic and financial market situations.


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Financial Market Conditions
Financial markets in the U.S., Europe and Asia have been experiencing extreme disruption in recent months, including, among other things, a sharp increase in the cost of new capital, severely diminished capital availability and severely reduced liquidity in money markets. Financial and banking institutions have also experienced disruptions, resulting in large asset write-downs, higher cost of capital, rating downgrades and reduced desire to lend money. While currently these conditions have not impacted the Company’s ability to access its existing cash or borrow on its existing revolving credit facility, there can be no assurance that there will not be further deterioration or prolonged disruption in financial markets or financial institutions. Any further deterioration or prolonged disruption in financial markets or financial institutions may impair the Company’s ability to access its existing cash and revolving credit facility, and impair its ability to access sources of new capital and increase the cost of any new capital raised.
 
Reliance on Customer Demand
The demand for the Company’s products is dependent upon the size of the markets for its LC, MS, thermal analysis and rheometry products; the timing and level of capital expenditures of the Company’s customers; changes in government regulations; funding available to academic and government institutions; general economic conditions and the rate of economic growth in the Company’s major markets and competitive considerations. The Company typically experiences an increase in sales in its fourth quarter, as a result of purchasing habits for capital goods by customers that tend to exhaust their spending budgets by calendar year end. There can be no assurances that the Company’s results of operations or financial condition will not be adversely impacted by a change in any of the factors listed above or the continuation of weakness in global economic conditions.
 
Additionally, the analytical instrument market may, from time to time, experience low sales growth. Approximately 50% and 52% of the Company’s net sales in 2008 and 2007, respectively, were to the worldwide pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, which may be periodically subject to unfavorable market conditions and consolidations. Unfavorable industry conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
 
Competition and the Analytical Instrument Market
The analytical instrument market and, in particular, the portion related to the Company’s HPLC, UPLC, MS, LC-MS, thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry product lines, is highly competitive and subject to rapid changes in technology. The Company encounters competition from several international instrument manufacturers and other companies in both domestic and foreign markets. Some competitors have instrument businesses that are generally more diversified than the Company’s business but are typically less focused on the Company’s chosen markets. There can be no assurances that the Company’s competitors will not introduce more effective and less costly products than those of the Company or that the Company will be able to increase its sales and profitability from new product introductions. There can be no assurances that the Company’s sales and marketing forces will compete successfully against its competitors in the future.
 
Risk of Disruption of Operations
The Company manufactures LC instruments at facilities in Milford, Massachusetts and Singapore; chemistry separation columns at its facilities in Taunton, Massachusetts and Wexford, Ireland; MS products at its facilities in Manchester, England, Cheshire, England and Wexford, Ireland; thermal analysis products at its facility in New Castle, Delaware; rheometry products at its facilities in New Castle, Delaware and Crawley, England and other instruments and consumables at various other locations as a result of the Company’s 2008, 2007 and 2006 acquisitions. Any prolonged disruption to the operations at any of these facilities, whether due to labor difficulties, destruction of or damage to any facility or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
 
Foreign Operations and Exchange Rates
Approximately 70% and 68% of the Company’s net sales in 2008 and 2007, respectively, were outside of the United States and were primarily denominated in foreign currencies. In addition, the Company has considerable manufacturing operations in Ireland, the United Kingdom and Singapore. As a result, a significant portion of the


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Company’s sales and operations are subject to certain risks, including adverse developments in the foreign political and economic environment; tariffs and other trade barriers; difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations and potentially adverse tax consequences.
 
Additionally, the U.S. dollar value of the Company’s net sales, cost of sales, operating expenses, interest, taxes and net income varies with currency exchange rate fluctuations. Significant increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to certain foreign currencies could have a material adverse effect or benefit on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
 
Reliance on Key Management
The operation of the Company requires managerial and operational expertise. None of the key management employees have an employment contract with the Company and there can be no assurance that such individuals will remain with the Company. If, for any reason, such key personnel do not continue to be active in management, the Company’s results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected.
 
Protection of Intellectual Property
The Company vigorously protects its intellectual property rights and seeks patent coverage on all developments that it regards as material and patentable. However, there can be no assurances that any patents held by the Company will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that the rights granted thereunder will provide competitive advantages to the Company. Conversely, there could be successful claims against the Company by third-party patent holders with respect to certain Company products that may infringe the intellectual property rights of such third parties. The Company’s patents, including those licensed from others, expire on various dates. If the Company is unable to protect its intellectual property rights, it could have an adverse and material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
 
Reliance on Suppliers
Most of the raw materials, components and supplies purchased by the Company are available from a number of different suppliers; however, a number of items are purchased from limited or single sources of supply and disruption of these sources could have a temporary adverse effect on shipments and the financial results of the Company. The Company believes alternative sources could ordinarily be obtained to supply these materials, but a prolonged inability to obtain certain materials or components could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations and could result in damage to its relationships with its customers and, accordingly, adversely affect the Company’s business.
 
Reliance on Outside Manufacturers
Certain components or modules of the Company’s LC and MS instruments are manufactured by long-standing outside contractors. In April 2006, the Company transitioned the manufacturing of the Alliance HPLC instrument system to a company in Singapore. Disruptions of service by these outside contractors could have an adverse effect on the supply chain and the financial results of the Company. The Company believes that it could obtain alternative sources for these components or modules, but a prolonged inability to obtain these components or modules could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
 
Risk in Unexpected Shifts in Taxable Income between Tax Jurisdictions
The Company is subject to a range of income tax rates, from 0% to in excess of 35%, depending on specific tax jurisdictions around the world. The Company typically generates a substantial portion of its taxable income in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Shifts in actual taxable income from previous quarters’ projections due to factors, including, but not limited to, changes in volume and foreign currency translation rates, could have a notable favorable or unfavorable effect on the Company’s income tax expense and results of operations.
 
Levels of Debt and Debt Service Requirements
The Company had approximately $536 million in debt and $429 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the Company also has the ability to borrow an additional $599 million from its existing credit facilities. Most of the Company’s debt is in the U.S. There is a substantial cash


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requirement in the U.S. to fund operations and capital expenditures, service debt interest obligations, finance potential acquisitions and continue authorized stock repurchase programs. A majority of the Company’s cash is maintained and generated from foreign operations. The Company’s financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted if the Company is unable to maintain a sufficient level of cash flow in the U.S. to address these requirements through cash from U.S. operations, efficient and timely repatriation of cash from overseas and other sources obtained at an acceptable cost.
 
Item 1B:   Unresolved Staff Comments
 
None.
 
Item 2:   Properties
 
Waters operates 23 United States facilities and 74 international facilities, including field offices. The Company believes its facilities are suitable and adequate for its current production level and for reasonable growth over the next several years. The Company’s primary facilities are summarized in the table below.
 
Primary Facility Locations
 
         
Location
  Function(1)   Owned/Leased
 
Franklin, MA
  D   Leased
Milford, MA
  M, R, S, A   Owned
Taunton, MA
  M, R   Owned
Watertown, MA
  M, R, S, A   Leased
Nixa, MO
  M, S, D, A   Leased
Arvada, CO
  M, R, S, D, A   Leased
Lindon, UT
  M, R, S, D, A   Leased
Hialeah, FL
  M, R, S, D, A   Leased
Etten-Leur, Netherlands
  S, D, A   Owned
Singapore
  R, S, D, A   Leased
Wexford, Ireland
  M, R, D, A   Owned
New Castle, DE
  M, R, S, D, A   Leased
Crawley, England
  M, R, S, D, A   Leased
Cheshire, England
  M, R, D, A   Leased
Manchester, England
  M, R, S, A   Leased
Brasov, Romania
  R, A   Leased
 
 
(1) M = Manufacturing; R = Research; S = Sales and Service; D = Distribution; A = Administration


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The Company operates and maintains 12 field offices in the United States and 63 field offices abroad in addition to sales offices in the primary facilities listed above. The Company’s field office locations are listed below.
 
Field Office Locations (2)
 
             
United States
  International
 
Pleasanton, CA
  Australia   Ireland   Taiwan
Irvine, CA
  Austria   Italy   United Kingdom
Schaumburg, IL
  Belgium   Japan    
Wood Dale, IL
  Brazil   Korea    
Beverly, MA
  Canada   Mexico    
Columbia, MD
  Czech Republic   Netherlands    
Ann Arbor, MI
  Denmark   People’s Republic of China    
Cary, NC
  Finland   Poland    
Parsippany, NJ
  France   Puerto Rico    
Huntingdon, PA
  Germany   Spain    
Bellaire, TX
  Hungary   Sweden    
Spring, TX
  India   Switzerland    
 
 
(2) The Company operates more than one office within certain states and foreign countries.
 
Item 3:   Legal Proceedings
 
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
The Company filed suit in the United States against Hewlett-Packard Company and Hewlett-Packard GmbH (collectively, “HP”), seeking a declaration that certain products sold under the mark “Alliance” did not constitute an infringement of one or more patents owned by HP or its foreign subsidiaries (the “HP patents”). The action in the United States was dismissed for lack of controversy. Actions seeking revocation or nullification of foreign HP patents were filed by the Company in Germany, France and England. A German patent tribunal found the HP German patent to be valid. In Germany, France and England, HP and its successor, Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH (“Agilent”), brought actions alleging that certain features of the Alliance pump may infringe the HP patents. In England, the Court of Appeal found the HP patent valid and infringed. The Company’s petitions for leave to appeal to the House of Lords were denied. A trial on damages was scheduled for November 2004.
 
In March 2004, Agilent brought a new action against the Company alleging that certain features of the Alliance pump continued to infringe the HP patents. In December 2004, following a trial in the new action, the UK court ruled that the Company did not infringe the HP patents. Agilent filed an appeal in that action, which was heard in July 2005, and the UK Appellate Court upheld the lower court’s ruling of non-infringement. In December 2005, a trial on damages commenced in the first action and continued for six days prior to a holiday recess. In February 2006, the Company, HP and Agilent entered into a settlement agreement (the “Agilent Settlement Agreement”) with respect to the first action and a consent order dismissing the case was entered. The Agilent Settlement Agreement provides for the release of the Company and its UK affiliate from each and every claim under Agilent’s European patent (UK) number 309,596 arising out of the prior sale by either of them of Alliance Separations Modules incorporating the patented technology. In consideration of entering into the Agilent Settlement Agreement and the consent order, the Company made a payment to Agilent of 3.5 million British Pounds, in full and final settlement of Agilent’s claim for damages and in relation to all claims for costs and interest in the case.
 
In France, the Paris District Court found the HP patent valid and infringed by the Alliance pump. The Company appealed the French decision and, in April 2004, the French appeals court affirmed the Paris District Court’s finding of infringement. The Company filed a further appeal in the case and the appeal was dismissed in March 2007. The Company sought a declaration from the French court that, as was found in both the UK and Germany, certain modified features of the Alliance pump do not infringe the HP patents. A hearing on this matter was held in September 2007 and, in December 2007, the French court held that the modified features of the Alliance pump are non-infringing. Agilent has appealed this ruling and no decision has yet been rendered. In January 2009, the French appeals court affirmed that the Company had infringed the Agilent patent and a judgment was issued against the Company. The Company has appealed this judgment. In the meantime, however, the Company has recorded a


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$7 million provision in 2008 for damages and fees estimated to be incurred in connection with this case. The accrued patent litigation expense is in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2008.
 
In the German case, a German court found the patent infringed. The Company appealed the German decision and, in December 2004, the German appeals court reversed the trial court and issued a finding of non-infringement in favor of the Company. Agilent sought an appeal in that action and the appeal was heard in April 2007. Following the hearing, the German Federal Court of Justice set aside the judgment of the appeals court and remanded the case back to the appeals court for further proceedings. In 2008, the appeals court found the patent infringed. The Company has appealed this finding to the German Federal Court of Justice. In July 2005, Agilent brought a new action against the Company alleging that certain features of the Alliance pump continued to infringe the HP patents. In August 2006, following a trial in this new action the German court ruled that the Company did not infringe the HP patents. Agilent filed an appeal in this action. A hearing on this appeal was held in January 2008. The appeals court affirmed the finding of the trial court that the Company did not infringe. Agilent has appealed this finding to the German Federal Court of Justice.
 
The Company recorded provisions in 2004, 2005 and 2008 for estimated damages, legal fees and court costs to be incurred with respect to this ongoing litigation. The provisions represent management’s best estimate of the probable and reasonably estimable loss related to the litigations.
 
Other
In November 2008, the City of Dearborn Heights Act 345 Police & Fire Retirement System commenced a class action lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. The complaint alleges that the Company misrepresented its projected revenues and earnings, its effective tax rates and the level of business activity in Japan between January 24, 2007 and January 22, 2008, when the Company released earnings for the fourth quarter of 2007. The complaint asserts that the Company and Messrs. Berthiaume and Ornell violated the federal securities laws by misrepresenting or failing to fully disclose the above referenced information. The plaintiff class is allegedly comprised of purchasers of common stock that were injured during the time period stated above. In January 2009, Inter-Local Pension Fund ABC/IBT filed a motion to be appointed as lead plaintiff. The Company intends to mount a vigorous defense.
 
Item 4:   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
None.
 
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
 
Officers of the Company are elected annually by the Board of Directors and hold office at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The following persons serve as executive officers of the Company:
 
Douglas A. Berthiaume, 60, has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company since February 1996 and has served as Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the Company since August 1994. Mr. Berthiaume also served as President of the Company from August 1994 to January 2002. In March 2003, Mr. Berthiaume once again became President of the Company. From 1990 to 1994, Mr. Berthiaume served as President of the Waters Chromatography Division of Millipore. Mr. Berthiaume is the Chairman of the Children’s Hospital Trust Board, a Trustee of the Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Massachusetts Amherst Foundation and a Director of Genzyme Corporation.
 
Arthur G. Caputo, 57, became an Executive Vice President in March 2003 and has served as President of the Waters Division since January 2002. Previously, he was the Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Marketing of the Company since August 1994. He joined Millipore in October 1977 and held a number of positions in sales. Previous roles include Senior Vice President and General Manager of Millipore’s North American Business Operations responsible for establishing the Millipore North American Sales Subsidiary and General Manager of Waters’ North American field sales, support and marketing functions.


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Elizabeth B. Rae, 51, became Vice President of Human Resources in October 2005 and has served as Vice President of Worldwide Compensation and Benefits since January 2002. She joined Waters Corporation in January 1996 as Director of Worldwide Compensation. Prior to joining Waters she has held senior human resources positions in retail, healthcare and financial services companies.
 
John Ornell, 51, became Vice President, Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer in June 2001. He joined Millipore in 1990 and previously served as Vice President, Operations. During his years at Waters, he has also been Vice President of Manufacturing and Engineering, had responsibility for Operations Finance and Distribution and had a senior role in the successful implementation of the Company’s worldwide business systems.
 
Mark T. Beaudouin, 54, became Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the Company in April 2003. Prior to joining Waters, he served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of PAREXEL International Corporation, a bio/pharmaceutical services company, from January 2000 to April 2003. Previously, from May 1985 to January 2000, Mr. Beaudouin served in several senior legal management positions, including Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of BC International, Inc., a development stage biotechnology company, First Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of J. Baker, Inc., a diversified retail company, and General Counsel and Secretary of GenRad, Inc., a high technology test equipment manufacturer.
 
PART II
 
Item 5:   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
 
Equity compensation plan information is incorporated by reference from Part III, Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, of this document and should be considered an integral part of this Item 5. The Company’s common stock is registered under the Exchange Act, and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WAT. As of February 18, 2009, the Company had 217 common stockholders of record. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends on its common stock in its past three fiscal years and does not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
 
The Company has not made any sales of unregistered securities in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 or 2006.


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STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE GRAPH
 
The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.
 
The following graph compares the cumulative total return on $100 invested as of December 31, 2003 (the last day of public trading of the Company’s common stock in fiscal year 2003) through December 31, 2008 (the last day of public trading of the common stock in fiscal year 2008) in the Company’s common stock, the NYSE Market Index and the SIC Code 3826 Index. The return of the indices is calculated assuming reinvestment of dividends during the period presented. The Company has not paid any dividends since its initial public offering. The stock price performance shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.
 
COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN SINCE
DECEMBER 31, 2003 AMONG WATERS CORPORATION,
NYSE MARKET INDEX AND SIC CODE 3826 — LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
 
 
 
                                                             
      2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008
WATER CORPORATION
      100.00         141.10         113.99         147.68         238.45         110.52  
SIC CODE INDEX
      100.00         112.72         126.57         144.32         183.38         101.78  
NYSE MARKET INDEX
      100.00         112.92         122.25         143.23         150.88         94.76  
                                                             


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Market for Registrant’s Common Equity
 
The quarterly range of high and low close prices for the Company’s Common Stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange is as follows:
 
                 
    Price Range  
For the Quarter Ended
  High     Low  
 
March 31, 2007
  $ 58.40     $ 48.67  
June 30, 2007
  $ 61.38     $ 58.20  
September 29, 2007
  $ 68.19     $ 58.26  
December 31, 2007
  $ 80.07     $ 66.20  
March 29, 2008
  $ 80.77     $ 52.59  
June 28, 2008
  $ 65.17     $ 53.70  
September 27, 2008
  $ 70.19     $ 55.52  
December 31, 2008
  $ 58.18     $ 34.77  
 
Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer
 
The following table provides information about purchases by the Company during the three months ended December 31, 2008 of equity securities registered by the Company under the Exchange Act (in thousands, except per share data):
 
                                 
                Total Number
       
                of Shares
    Maximum
 
    Total
          Purchased as Part
    Dollar Value of
 
    Number of
    Average
    of Publicly
    Shares that May Yet
 
    Shares
    Price Paid
    Announced
    Be Purchased Under
 
Period
  Purchased     per Share     Programs(1)     the Programs(2)  
 
September 28 to October 25, 2008
    50     $ 40.62       50     $ 122,805  
October 26 to November 22, 2008
    585       41.64       585       98,446  
November 23 to December 31, 2008
                      98,446  
                                 
Total
    635       41.56       635       98,446  
                                 
 
 
(1) The Company purchased an aggregate of 4.1 million shares of its outstanding common stock during 2008 in open market transactions pursuant to a repurchase program that was announced in February 2007 (the “2007 Program”). The 2007 Program authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of common stock in open market transactions over a two-year period.
 
(2) In February 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to an additional $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period.
 
Item 6:   Selected Financial Data
 
Reference is made to information contained in the section entitled “Selected Financial Data” and is incorporated by reference from page 73 of this Form 10-K, included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, and should be considered an integral part of this Item 6.
 
Item 7:   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Business and Financial Overview
 
The Company’s sales were $1,575 million, $1,473 million and $1,280 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Sales grew 7% in 2008 over 2007 and 15% in 2007 over 2006. Overall, the sales growth achieved in these years can be primarily attributed to the Company’s introduction of new products, the increase in chemistry consumable and service sales, the benefits from acquisitions and the effects of foreign currency translation. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company experienced the effects of reduced capital spending by the Company’s customers as a result of the global economic conditions and the sudden strengthening of the U.S. dollar. Company sales growth in the fourth


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quarter of 2008 decreased from the fourth quarter of 2007 by 4% from the effects of foreign currency translation. The Company expects this effect of foreign currency trend to continue into 2009.
 
During 2008 and 2007, U.S. sales increased 1% and 17%; European sales increased 7% and 17%; Asian sales (including Japan) increased 16% and 12%; and sales in the rest of the world increased 3% and 11%, respectively. The effect of currency translation benefited the 2008 and 2007 sales growth rate by 2% and by 3%, respectively, both increases principally resulting from European sales.
 
In 2008 and 2007, global sales to pharmaceutical customers grew 3% and 13%, respectively. Global sales to government and academic customers were 10% higher in 2008 and 24% higher in 2007 over the prior year, respectively, and can be primarily attributed to demand for the Company’s new products in the U.S. and Asia. Global sales to industrial and food safety customers grew 13% in 2008 and 16% in 2007 primarily as a result of new governmental regulatory testing requirements, higher awareness of food safety issues, higher chemistry consumable and service sales, the benefit from acquisitions and demand for the Company’s new products.
 
The Waters Division sales grew by 7% in 2008 and 14% in 2007. The Waters Division’s products and services consist of high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”), ultra performance liquid chromatography® (“UPLC” and together with HPLC, herein referred to as “LC”), mass spectrometry (“MS”) and chemistry consumable products and related services. The Waters Division sales growth was strongly influenced by ACQUITY UPLC® sales, shipments of new Synapttm HDMStm, Xevotm TQ and Synapt MS systems and recurring sales growth from the service and chemistry consumables business.
 
In December 2008, the Company acquired the net assets of Analytical Products Group, Inc. (“APG”), a provider of environmental testing products for quality control and proficiency testing used in environmental laboratories, for $5 million in cash. APG’s product sales in 2009 are expected to be approximately $4 million. In June 2007, the Company made an equity investment in Thar Instruments, Inc. (“Thar”), a privately held global leader in the design, development and manufacture of analytical and preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid extraction systems, for $4 million in cash. On February 2, 2009, the Company acquired all of the remaining outstanding capital stock of Thar for $36 million, including the assumption of $4 million of debt. The Company expects that Thar will add approximately $20 million of product sales and be about neutral to earnings in 2009 after debt service costs.
 
Sales growth for the TA Division (“TA”) grew 10% and 25% for 2008 and 2007, respectively. TA’s products and services consist of thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry instrument systems and service sales. TA’s sales growth can be primarily attributed to new product introductions, the effect of foreign currency translation and the impact of acquisitions. The effect of foreign currency translation benefited sales by 2% in 2008 and 3% in 2007. The July 2008 acquisition of VTI Corporation (“VTI”) and the August 2007 acquisition of Calorimetry Sciences Corporation (“CSC”) added 3% to TA’s sales growth in 2008. TA sales growth for 2007 also benefited from a larger than normal backlog of orders in 2006 which were shipped in the first quarter of 2007, as well as the benefit of the CSC acquisition and the 2006 acquisition of Thermometric AB, which added 4% to TA’s sales growth.
 
Operating income was $390 million, $349 million and $295 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The $41 million net increase in operating income in 2008 over 2007 is primarily a result of the benefits from an increase in sales volume, the favorable effect of foreign currency translation and the impact of a one-time $12 million expense recorded in 2007 related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan, a 401(k) defined contribution plan for U.S. employees. This 2008 increase was partially offset by a patent litigation provision of $7 million and the $9 million impact of an out-of-period capitalized software amortization adjustment recorded during the three months ended June 28, 2008. The $54 million net increase in operating income in 2007 over 2006 is primarily a result of the benefits from an increase in sales volume and the impact of $8 million of restructuring costs recorded in 2006 relating to the February 2006 cost reduction initiative being offset by the $12 million expense recorded in 2007 related to the transitional contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan.
 
Net income per diluted share was $3.21, $2.62 and $2.13 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net income per diluted share grew at a rate of 23% in both 2008 over 2007 and 2007 over 2006, respectively.
 
During the second quarter of 2008, the Company identified errors originating in periods prior to the three months ended June 28, 2008. The errors primarily related to (i) an overstatement of the Company’s income tax


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expense of $16 million as a result of errors in recording its income tax provision during the period from 2000 to March 29, 2008 and (ii) an understatement of amortization expense of $9 million for certain capitalized software. The Company incorrectly calculated its provision for income taxes by tax-effecting its tax liability utilizing a U.S. tax rate of 35% instead of an Irish tax rate of 10%. In addition, the Company incorrectly accounted for Irish-based capitalized software and the related amortization expense as U.S. Dollar-denominated instead of Euro-denominated, resulting in an understatement of amortization expense and cumulative translation adjustment. The out-of-period adjustment increased the 2008 net income per diluted share by $0.08.
 
In addition, the Company recorded a one-time $5 million tax provision in the third quarter of 2008 associated with the reorganization of certain foreign legal entities in October 2008. This $5 million tax provision decreased net income per diluted share by $0.05 in 2008. These entities were effectively liquidated into the U.S. to better align the Company’s legal entity structure with its current business objectives. The majority of this legal entity reorganization qualifies as a tax-free liquidation and it resulted in the Company being able to utilize $572 million of cash and short-term investments domestically. In February 2009, the U.S. Treasury promulgated changes in income tax regulations that eliminate concerns with respect to the $5 million unrecognized tax benefit that was originally recorded in the third quarter of 2008 through the Company’s tax provision. Because these changes in income tax regulations were promulgated during the first quarter of 2009, the Company will record this $5 million item as a recognized tax benefit and, therefore, as a reduction of its income tax provision for the first quarter of 2009.
 
In October 2008, the Company utilized the cash from the reorganization described above to voluntarily prepay the $150 million term loan under the credit agreement entered into in March 2008 (the “2008 Credit Agreement”). There was no penalty for prepaying the term loan and the repayment of the term loan effectively terminated all lending arrangements under the 2008 Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company utilized these cash balances to voluntarily repay $340 million of revolving outstanding debt under the credit agreement entered into in January 2007 (the “2007 Credit Agreement”). The Company prepaid debt in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to leverage and interest rate risk in the currently volatile capital and investment markets.
 
The Company also recorded a $7 million provision in 2008 for damages and fees estimated to be incurred in connection with a judgment issued against the Company relating to an ongoing patent infringement lawsuit with Agilent Technologies, Inc. This litigation provision decreased net income per diluted share by $0.04 in 2008.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $418 million, $371 million and $264 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The $47 million increase in operating cash flow in 2008 as compared to 2007 is primarily the result of higher net income and improved cash collections from customers, partially offset by a $13 million one-time transition benefit payment into the Waters Employee Investment Plan that was expensed in 2007, increases in inventory and the timing of payments to vendors. The $107 million increase in operating cash flow in 2007 as compared to 2006 is primarily the result of higher net income, the leveling off of an inventory ramp-up in 2006 for new product introductions and an increase in safety stock related to the outsourcing to Singapore and the timing of payments to vendors. In addition, the 2006 operating cash flow included a $9 million tax payment associated with the American Jobs Creation Act (“AJCA”), $7 million of severance and other facility-related payments made in connection with the cost reduction initiative and a $4 million litigation payment.
 
Within cash flows used in investing activities, capital expenditures related to property, plant, equipment and software capitalization were $69 million, $60 million and $51 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In December 2008, the Company acquired the net assets of APG for $5 million in cash. In July 2008, the Company paid $3 million in cash to acquire the net assets of VTI. In August 2007, the Company paid $7 million in cash, including the assumption of $1 million of liabilities, for CSC. In June 2007, the Company made an equity investment in Thar for $4 million in cash. The Company continues to evaluate the acquisition of businesses, product lines and technologies to augment the Waters and TA operating divisions.
 
Within cash flows used in financing activities, the Company received $29 million, $91 million and $40 million of proceeds from stock plans in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Fluctuations in these amounts are primarily attributed to the change in the Company stock price and the expiration of stock option grants. In February 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period. During 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company repurchased 4.1 million, 3.4 million and 5.8 million shares at a cost of $235 million, $201 million and $249 million under the February 2007 authorization


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and previously announced stock repurchase programs. In February 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to an additional $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period. The Company believes that it has the financial flexibility to fund these share repurchases given current cash and debt levels and invest in research, technology and business acquisitions to further grow the Company’s sales and profits.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007
 
Net Sales
Net sales for 2008 and 2007 were $1,575 million and $1,473 million, respectively, an increase of 7%. Foreign currency translation benefited sales growth for 2008 by 2%. Product sales were $1,140 million and $1,088 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively, an increase of 5%. The increase in product sales was primarily due to the overall positive growth in Waters and TA instrument systems, chemistry consumables and foreign currency translation benefits. Service sales were $435 million and $385 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively, an increase of 13%. The increase in service sales was primarily attributable to increased sales of service plans and billings to a higher installed base of customers and foreign currency translation benefits.
 
Waters Division Net Sales
The Waters Division net sales grew 7% in 2008. The effect of foreign currency translation benefited the Waters Division across all product lines, resulting in a benefit to total sales growth of 2%. Chemistry consumables sales grew 9% in 2008. This growth was driven by increased column sales of ACQUITY UPLC proprietary column technology and sales of HPLC columns. Waters Division service sales grew 12% in 2008 due primarily to increased sales of service plans and billings to the higher installed base of customers. Waters instrument systems sales (LC and MS) grew 3% in 2008. The increase in instrument systems sales during 2008 is primarily attributable to higher sales of ACQUITY UPLC, Synapt HDMS, Synapt MS and the Xevo TQ. Sales were negatively impacted by the slowdown in industrial customer spending which occurred during fourth quarter of 2008 due to the economic recession. Waters Division sales by product line were essentially unchanged in 2008 and 2007 with instrument systems, chemistry consumables and service representing approximately 55%, 17% and 28% of sales, respectively. Geographically, Waters Division sales in Europe, Asia and the rest of the world grew approximately 6%, 17% and 4% in 2008, respectively. Sales to the U.S. were flat in 2008. The sales growth in 2008 was primarily due to higher demand from the Company’s government, academic and industrial customers. Asia’s sales growth was primarily driven by increased sales in India and China. The effects of foreign currency translation increased sales growth in Europe and Asia by 4% and 5% in 2008, respectively.
 
TA Division Net Sales
TA’s sales grew 10% in 2008 primarily as a result of new product introductions, acquisitions and the effect of foreign currency translation. The effect of foreign currency translation benefited the TA sales growth by 2% in 2008. Instrument system sales grew 6% and represented approximately 78% and 81% of sales in 2008 and 2007, respectively. TA service sales grew 27% in 2008 and can be primarily attributed to the higher installed base of customers and new service sales to the customers of recently acquired companies. Geographically, sales growth for TA in 2008 was predominantly in the U.S., Europe and Asia. The July 2008 VTI acquisition and the August 2007 acquisition of CSC added 3% to TA’s sales growth for 2008.
 
Gross Profit
Gross profit for 2008 was $914 million compared to $842 million for 2007, an increase of $72 million, or 9%. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased to 58.0% in 2008 from 57.2% in 2007. This increase is primarily due to higher sales volume, increased comparative benefits of foreign currency translation and, to a lesser extent, lower manufacturing costs. Also, the overall gross profit increase was negatively impacted by a $9 million out-of-period capitalized software amortization adjustment recorded during 2008. The gross profit increase can also be attributed to the $3 million expense recorded in 2007 relating to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan.


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Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling and administrative expenses for 2008 and 2007 were $427 million and $404 million, respectively, an increase of 6%. Included in selling and administrative expenses for 2007 is the impact of a one-time $7 million expense related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan. The remaining $16 million increase in total selling and administrative expenses for 2008 is primarily due to annual merit increases, modest headcount additions to support increased sales volume and the comparative unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation. As a percentage of net sales, selling and administrative expenses were 27.1% for 2008 compared to 27.4% for 2007.
 
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses were $82 million and $81 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $1 million, or 1%. Included in research and development expenses for 2007 is $2 million of expense related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan. The remaining increase in research and development expenses for 2008 is primarily due to the timing of new product introduction costs, annual merit increases and modest headcount additions.
 
Litigation Provision
The Company has recorded a $7 million provision in 2008 for damages and fees estimated to be incurred in connection with a judgment issued against the Company relating to an ongoing patent infringement lawsuit with Agilent Technologies Inc.
 
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $39 million and $57 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease in interest expense is primarily attributable to a decrease in average borrowing costs and lower average borrowings during 2008 as compared to 2007.
 
Interest Income
Interest income was $21 million and $31 million for 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease in interest income is primarily due to lower yields and lower cash and short-term investment balances.
 
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rates for 2008 and 2007 were 13.4% and 17.1%, respectively. The 2008 effective tax rate includes a $5 million tax provision associated with the reorganization of certain foreign legal entities. This one-time provision increased the Company’s effective tax rate by 1.4 percentage points for 2008. In February 2009, the U.S. Treasury promulgated changes in income tax regulations that eliminate concerns with respect to the $5 million unrecognized tax benefit that was originally recorded in the third quarter of 2008 through the Company’s tax provision. Because these changes in income tax regulations were promulgated during the first quarter of 2009, the Company will record this $5 million item as a recognized tax benefit and, therefore, as a reduction of its income tax provision for the first quarter of 2009.
 
The 2008 tax provision also contains out-of-period adjustments to correct errors relating to capitalized software amortization and the income tax provision. The $16 million tax benefit from the out-of-period adjustments reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 4.0 percentage points for 2008. The 2007 tax provision includes a $4 million tax benefit associated with a one-time contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan. The remaining decrease in the effective tax rate for 2008 is primarily attributable to proportionately greater growth in income in jurisdictions with comparatively lower effective tax rates.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006
 
Net Sales
Net sales for 2007 and 2006 were $1,473 million and $1,280 million, respectively, an increase of 15%. Foreign currency translation benefited sales growth for 2007 by 3%. Product sales were $1,088 million and $936 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively, an increase of 16%. The increase in product sales was primarily due to the overall positive growth in Waters and TA instrument systems, chemistry consumables and the effect of acquisitions. The impact of 2006 acquisitions accounted for 2% of the product sales growth in 2007. Service sales were $385 million


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and $344 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively, an increase of 12%. The increase in service sales was primarily attributable to growth in the Company’s installed base of instruments and higher sales of service contracts.
 
Waters Division Net Sales
The Waters Division net sales grew 14% in 2007. The effect of foreign currency translation benefited the Waters Division sales growth by 3%. Chemistry consumables sales grew 24% in 2007. This growth was driven by increased column sales of ACQUITY UPLC proprietary column technology products, new XBridgetm columns, Oasis® sample preparation products and sales associated with the 2006 acquisitions (Environmental Resources Associates (“ERA”) and VICAM Limited Partnership (“VICAM”) product lines). These acquisitions benefited the chemistry consumable sales growth rate by 9%. Waters Division service sales grew 11% in 2007 due to increased sales of service plans to the higher installed base of customers. Waters instrument systems sales grew 13% in 2007. The increase in instrument systems sales during 2007 is primarily attributable to higher sales of ACQUITY UPLC and Synapt HDMS system sales. Waters Division sales by product mix were essentially unchanged in 2007 and 2006 with instrument systems, chemistry and service representing approximately 56%, 17% and 27% of sales, respectively. Geographically, Waters Division sales in the U.S., Europe and Asia strengthened approximately 15%, 16% and 10% in 2007, respectively. Sales to the rest of the world increased 10% in 2007. The effects of foreign currency translation increased sales growth by 9% in Europe and increased sales growth in Asia by 1% in 2007. U.S., Europe and Asia sales growth in 2007 was primarily due to higher demand from the Company’s pharmaceutical and industrial customers. The growth in Europe was broad-based across most major countries, particularly in Eastern Europe. Asia’s growth was primarily driven by increased sales in India and China which was offset by a 1% sales decrease in Japan. Japan’s 2007 instrument systems and consumable sales were impacted by strong 2006 sales attributed to drinking water and food safety regulation changes.
 
TA Division Net Sales
TA’s sales grew 25% in 2007 primarily as a result of TA’s new product introductions, strong sales growth in the U.S. and Europe and expansion of its Asian businesses, as well as a larger than normal backlog of orders in 2006 which were shipped in the first quarter of 2007. The sales growth rate in 2007 also benefited from the CSC and Thermometric acquisitions which added 4% to the TA sales growth rate. The effect of foreign currency translation benefited the TA sales growth by 3% in 2007. Instrument system sales grew 25% and represented approximately 81% of sales in both 2007 and 2006, respectively. TA service sales grew 25% in 2007 and can be primarily attributed to the higher installed base of customers. Geographically, sales growth for 2007 was strongest in the U.S., Europe and Asia.
 
Gross Profit
Gross profit for 2007 was $842 million compared to $744 million for 2006, an increase of $98 million, or 13%, and is generally consistent with the increase in net sales. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 57.2% in 2007 from 58.1% in 2006. This decrease is primarily due to increased sales of new products which have higher manufacturing costs and the unfavorable foreign currency impact related to the cost of products manufactured in Ireland and the United Kingdom. In addition, gross profit was negatively impacted by the $3 million expense recorded in 2007 related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan.
 
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling and administrative expenses for 2007 and 2006 were $404 million and $358 million, respectively, an increase of 13%. Included in selling and administrative expenses for 2007 is a $7 million expense related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan. The remaining $39 million increase in total selling and administrative expenses for 2007 is primarily due to annual merit increases across most divisions, headcount additions to support increased sales volume, costs from new acquisitions and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation. As a percentage of net sales, selling and administrative expenses were 27.4% for 2007 compared to 27.9% for 2006.


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Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses were $81 million and $77 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively, an increase of $4 million, or 4%. The increase in research and development expenses is primarily due to the $2 million expense related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan.
 
2006 Restructuring
In February 2006, the Company implemented a cost reduction plan, primarily affecting operations in the U.S. and Europe, that resulted in the employment of 74 employees being terminated, all of which had left the Company as of December 31, 2006. In addition, the Company closed a sales and demonstration office in the Netherlands in the second quarter of 2006. The Company implemented this cost reduction plan primarily to realign its operating costs with business opportunities around the world. The Company does not expect to incur any additional charges in connection with the February 2006 cost reduction initiative.
 
The following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s restructuring liability included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Balance
                Balance
 
    December 31,
                December 31,
 
    2006     Charges     Utilization     2007  
 
Severance
  $ 1,433     $     $ (667 )   $ 766  
Other
    48             (48 )      
                                 
Total
  $ 1,481     $     $ (715 )   $ 766  
                                 
 
Other Expense, Net
In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a $6 million charge for an other-than-temporary impairment to an equity investment in Caprion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Caprion”). The charge was recorded in 2006 when the Company learned that Caprion’s financial condition had deteriorated and a merger was in process that, in the Company’s assessment, would result in the Company’s investment being substantially diminished. In March 2007, Caprion merged with Ecopia BioSciences Inc. and is now named Thallion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Thallion”). Thallion is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Company’s investment is accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”. The market value of the Thallion investment was less than $1 million as of December 31, 2007 and was $2 million as of December 31 2006.
 
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $57 million and $52 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to an increase in average borrowings in the U.S. to fund stock repurchase programs and, to a lesser extent, an increase in interest rates on the Company’s outstanding debt during 2007.
 
Interest Income
Interest income was $31 million and $25 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in interest income is primarily due to higher invested cash balances.
 
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rates for 2007 and 2006 were 17.1% and 15.5%, respectively. This net increase is primarily attributable to increased net income in jurisdictions with comparatively higher tax rates. Included in the 2007 tax provision is a tax benefit of $4 million associated with the charge related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan.


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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Net income
  $ 322,479     $ 268,072     $ 222,200  
Depreciation and amortization
    65,271       53,317       46,159  
Stock-based compensation
    30,782       28,855       28,813  
Deferred income taxes
    (19,626 )     5,946       506  
Change in accounts receivable
    21,739       (26,266 )     (7,210 )
Change in inventories
    (20,618 )     (6,368 )     (29,853 )
Change in accounts payable and other current liabilities
    (19,970 )     32,309       1,670  
Change in deferred revenue and customer advances
    1,976       6,244       1,230  
Other changes
    36,215       8,398       79  
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    418,248       370,507       263,594  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    18,811       (167,907 )     (130,374 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (572,938 )     (119,686 )     (125,906 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    (32,932 )     253       13,264  
                         
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
  $ (168,811 )   $ 83,167     $ 20,578  
                         
 
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
 
Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $418 million and $371 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively. The $47 million increase in net cash provided from operating activities in 2008 compared to 2007 is attributed primarily to the following significant changes in the sources and uses of net cash provided from operating activities, aside from the increase in net income:
 
  •  The change in accounts receivable in 2008 compared to 2007 is primarily attributable to the timing of payments made by customers and the higher sales volume in 2008 as compared to 2007. Days-sales-outstanding (“DSO”) decreased to 63 days at December 31, 2008 from 66 days at December 31, 2007.
 
  •  The change in inventories in 2008 and 2007 is attributable to the increase in sales volume and an increase in ACQUITY UPLC and new mass spectrometry and TA products.
 
  •  The 2008 change in accounts payable and other current liabilities includes a $13 million one-time transition pension benefit payment into the Waters Employee Investment Plan. The 2007 change in accounts payable and other current liabilities includes the accrual related to the one-time transition benefit. In addition, accounts payable and other current liabilities changed as a result of the timing of payments to vendors.
 
  •  Net cash provided from deferred revenue and customer advances in both 2008 and 2007 was a result of the installed base of customers renewing annual service contracts.
 
  •  Other changes are comprised of the timing of various provisions, expenditures and accruals in other current assets, other assets and other liabilities.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $371 million and $264 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The $107 million increase in net cash provided from operating activities in 2007 compared to 2006 is attributed


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primarily to the following significant changes in the sources and uses of net cash provided from operating activities, aside from the increase in net income:
 
  •  The change in accounts receivable in 2007 compared to 2006 is primarily attributable to the timing of payments made by customers and the higher sales volume in 2007 as compared to 2006. DSO increased to 66 days at December 31, 2007 from 64 days at December 31, 2006.
 
  •  Inventory growth was much lower in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to 2006 having a higher ramp-up of new products launched later in that year and the increased levels of Alliance inventory during the 2006 outsourcing transition to Singapore.
 
  •  The changes in accounts payable and other current liabilities and other changes in 2007 compared to 2006 is primarily attributable to the reclassification within these line items of certain income tax liabilities from current to long-term liabilities required by the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). See Note 10, “Income Taxes”, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The overall net change in these items can be attributed to an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses resulting from the timing of payments to vendors, an increase in income tax liabilities and an increase in accrued compensation resulting from a $13 million contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan partially offset by the reduction in the pension liability relating to the freezing of the U.S. Pension Plans. The one-time contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan was made in the first quarter of 2008.
 
  •  The 2006 change in accounts payable and other current liabilities was also impacted by a $9 million tax payment related to the distribution and repatriation of cash under the AJCA, $7 million of severance and other facility-related payments made in connection with the cost reduction initiative and a $4 million litigation payment to settle the Agilent litigation.
 
  •  Net cash provided from deferred revenue and customer advances in both 2007 and 2006 was a result of the installed base of customers renewing annual service contracts.
 
Cash Used in Investing Activities
 
Net cash provided by investing activities totaled $19 million in 2008 compared to net cash used in investing activities which totaled $168 million in 2007 and $130 million in 2006. Additions to fixed assets and software capitalization were $69 million in 2008, $60 million in 2007 and $51 million in 2006. Capital spending and software capitalization additions were consistent with historical capital spending trends. During 2008 and 2007, the Company purchased $20 million and $391 million of short-term investments while $115 million and $295 million of short-term investments matured, respectively. Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired, were $8 million, $9 million and $79 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In addition, in 2007, the Company received $1 million from the former shareholders of ERA in connection with the finalization of the purchase price in accordance with the purchase and sales agreement. In June 2007, the Company made an equity investment in Thar for $4 million in cash.
 
In October 2008, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase land adjacent to its TA facility in Delaware for approximately $7 million. The Company plans to construct a new 150,000 square foot facility in 2009 that will consolidate TA’s existing Delaware operations and accommodate future expansion at a cost of approximately $26 million. In addition, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement with its existing Delaware landlord that requires the Company to pay a lease termination fee of approximately $5 million when the Company vacates the existing leased property. The Company expects to vacate the leased property in the middle of 2009 once the construction of the new facility is complete.
 
Cash Used in Financing Activities
 
During 2008 and 2007, the Company’s net debt borrowings decreased by $348 million and $19 million, respectively, compared to an increase of $72 million in 2006.


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In March 2008, the Company entered into the 2008 Credit Agreement that provides for a $150 million term loan facility. In January 2007, the Company entered into the 2007 Credit Agreement that provides for a $500 million term loan facility and $600 million in revolving facilities, which include both a letter of credit and a swingline subfacility. Both credit agreements mature on January 11, 2012 and require no scheduled prepayments before that date. The Company uses the revolving line of credit to fund its working capital needs.
 
The interest rates applicable to the 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements are, at the Company’s option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of the prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 1/2%) or the applicable 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 month LIBOR rate, in each case, plus an interest rate margin based upon the Company’s leverage ratio, which can range between 33 basis points and 137.5 basis points for LIBOR rate loans and range between zero basis points and 37.5 basis points for base rate loans. The 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements require that the Company comply with an interest coverage ratio test of not less than 3.50:1 and a leverage ratio test of not more than 3.25:1 for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, respectively. In addition, the 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements include negative covenants that are customary for investment grade credit facilities. The 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements also contain certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default.
 
In October 2008, the Company utilized cash balances associated with the effective liquidation of certain foreign legal entities into the U.S. to voluntarily prepay the $150 million term loan under the 2008 Credit Agreement. The Company prepaid the term loan in order to reduce interest expense and there was no penalty for prepaying the term loan. The repayment of the term loan effectively terminated all lending arrangements under the 2008 Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company utilized these cash balances to voluntarily repay $340 million of revolving outstanding debt under the 2007 Credit Agreement. The Company prepaid debt in order to reduce future interest expense since the yield on the Company’s existing cash and short-term investments had recently declined significantly. There were no penalties for prepaying this debt.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $500 million borrowed under the 2007 Credit Agreement that matures in 2012. As of December 31, 2008, the total amount available to borrow under the 2007 Credit Agreement was $599 million after outstanding letters of credit.
 
In February 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period. During 2008 and 2007, the Company repurchased a total of 6.9 million shares at a cost of $402 million under this program, leaving $98 million authorized for future repurchases. The Company repurchased 4.1 million, 3.4 million and 5.8 million shares at a cost of $235 million, $201 million and $249 million during 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, under the February 2007 authorization and previously announced programs. In February 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to an additional $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period.
 
The Company received $29 million, $91 million and $40 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the purchase of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Proceeds from stock option exercises were higher in 2007 compared to 2008 and 2006 and are believed to be attributable to the change in the Company’s stock price and the expiration of stock option grants.
 
The Company believes that the cash and cash equivalent balance of $429 million as of December 31, 2008 and expected cash flow from operating activities, together with borrowing capacity from committed credit facilities, will be sufficient to fund working capital, capital spending requirements, authorized share repurchase amounts, potential acquisitions and any adverse final determination of ongoing litigation for at least the next twelve months. Management believes, as of the date of this report, that its financial position, along with expected future cash flows from earnings based on historical trends and the ability to raise funds from external sources, will be sufficient to meet future operating and investing needs for the foreseeable future.
 
The Company’s cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments, with original maturities of generally 90 days or less, in commercial paper rated A1 or A1+ by Standard & Poors and P1 by Moody’s Investors Service, bank deposits, repurchase agreements, U.S. Government Treasury Bills and AAA rated U.S. Treasury Bill and European government bond money market funds. Similar investments with longer maturities are classified as short-term investments. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are convertible to a known amount of cash and carry


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an insignificant risk of change in market value. The Company maintains balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits, and in foreign subsidiary accounts in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
 
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
 
The following is a summary of the Company’s known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
 
                                                                 
    Payments Due by Year  
Contractual Obligations
  Total     2009     2010     2011     2012     2013     2014     After 2014  
 
Notes payable and debt(1)
  $ 36,120     $ 36,120     $     $     $     $     $     $  
Long-term debt(1)
    500,000                         500,000                    
Operating leases
    90,046       28,031       17,931       13,989       10,057       6,314       5,057       8,667  
Other long-term liabilities(2)
                                               
                                                                 
Total
  $ 626,166     $ 64,151     $ 17,931     $ 13,989     $ 510,057     $ 6,314     $ 5,057     $ 8,667  
                                                                 
 
                                                                 
    Amount of Commitments Expiration Per Period
Other Commercial Commitments
  Total   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   After 2013
 
Letters of credit
  $ 1,437     $ 1,437     $     $     $     $     $     $  
 
(1) The interest rates applicable to the 2007 Credit Agreement are, at the Company’s option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of the prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 1/2%) or the applicable 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 month LIBOR rate, in each case, plus an interest rate margin based upon the Company’s leverage ratio, which can range between 33 basis points and 72.5 basis points. At current and long-term debt levels and interest rates consistent with those at December 31, 2008, the Company’s interest expense would be approximately $13 million annually, which is not disclosed in the above table.
 
(2) Does not include normal purchases made in the ordinary course of business.
 
The Company licenses certain technology and software from third parties which expire at various dates through 2009. Fees paid for licenses were less than $1 million each in 2008, 2007 and 2006. Future minimum license fees payable under existing license agreements as of December 31, 2008 are immaterial.
 
From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes it has meritorious arguments in its current litigation matters and any outcome, either individually or in the aggregate, will not be material to the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Current litigation is described in Item 3, Legal Proceedings, of Part I of this Form 10-K.
 
The Company has long-term liabilities for deferred employee compensation, including pension and supplemental executive retirement plans. The payments related to the supplemental retirement plan are not included above since they are dependent upon when the employee retires or leaves the Company and whether the employee elects lump-sum or annuity payments. During fiscal year 2009, the Company expects to contribute approximately $7 million to $11 million to the Company’s defined benefit plans. Capital expenditures in 2009 are expected to be higher than in 2008 due to the construction of the new TA facility which is estimated to cost approximately $33 million in total. Capital expenditures excluding the TA facility are expected to be about the same in 2009 as in 2008.
 
FIN 48, which became effective on January 1, 2007, requires financial statement reporting of the expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax return reporting positions on the presumption that all relevant tax authorities possess full knowledge of those tax reporting positions, as well as all of the pertinent facts and circumstances, but it prohibits any discounting of any of the related tax effects for the time value of money. If all of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits accrued as of December 31, 2008 were to become recognizable in the future, the Company would record a total reduction of approximately $76 million in the income tax provision. As of December 31, 2008, however, the Company is not able to estimate the portion of that total potential reduction that may occur within the next twelve months. As a result, this information is not disclosed in the above table.
 
The Company has not paid any dividends and does not plan to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.


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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
The Company has not created, and is not party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating parts of its business that are not consolidated (to the extent of the Company’s ownership interest therein) into the consolidated financial statements. The Company has not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby it has subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose the Company to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the Company.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
Summary
The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that are central to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations that require management to make estimates about matters that are highly uncertain and that would have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations given changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period or use of different estimates that reasonably could have been used in the current period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its policies and estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. There are other items within the Company’s consolidated financial statements that require estimation but are not deemed critical as defined above. Changes in estimates used in these and other items could potentially have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Revenue Recognition
Sales of products and services are generally recorded based on product shipment and performance of service, respectively. Partial proceeds received in advance of product shipment or performance of service are recorded as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales net of amounts invoiced to the customer per the order. The Company’s products generally carry one year of warranty. These costs are accrued at the point of shipment. Once the warranty period has expired, the customer may purchase a service contract. Service contract billings are generally invoiced to the customer at the beginning of the contract term and revenue is amortized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. At December 31, 2008, the Company had current and long-term deferred revenue liabilities of approximately $87 million and $14 million, respectively.
 
Product shipments, including those for demonstration or evaluation, and service contracts are not recorded as revenues until a valid purchase order or master agreement is received specifying fixed terms and prices. Revenues are adjusted accordingly for changes in contract terms or if collectibility is not reasonably assured. The Company’s method of revenue recognition for certain products requiring installation is in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements”. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred; the vendor’s fee is fixed or determinable; collectibility is reasonably assured and, if applicable, upon acceptance when acceptance criteria with contractual cash holdback are specified. With respect to installation obligations, the larger of the contractual cash holdback or the fair value of the installation service is deferred when the product is shipped and revenue is recognized as a multiple-element arrangement when installation is complete. The Company determines the fair value of installation based upon a number of factors, including hourly service billing rates, estimated installation hours and comparisons of amounts charged by third parties. The Company believes that this amount approximates the amount that a third party would charge for the installation effort.
 
Sales of software are accounted for in accordance with Statement of Position (“SOP”) 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition”, as amended by SOP 98-9, “Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition,


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With Respect to Certain Transactions”. Software revenue is recognized upon shipment as typically no significant post-delivery obligations remain. Software upgrades are typically sold as part of a service contract with revenue recognized ratably over the term of the service contract.
 
Loss Provisions on Accounts Receivable and Inventory
The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company does not request collateral from its customers but collectibility is enhanced through the use of credit card payments and letters of credit. The Company assesses collectibility based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, past transaction history with the customer, the credit-worthiness of the customer, industry trends and the macro-economic environment. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant bad debt losses. Sales returns and allowances are estimates of future product returns related to current period revenue. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of revenue for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates for sales returns and allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company’s accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2008 was $292 million, net of allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns of $8 million.
 
The Company values all of its inventories at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis (“FIFO”). The Company estimates revisions to its inventory valuations based on technical obsolescence; historical demand; projections of future demand, including that in the Company’s current backlog of orders; and industry and market conditions. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional write-downs may be required. The Company’s inventory balance at December 31, 2008 was $173 million, net of write-downs to net realizable value of $12 million.
 
Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The Company assesses the impairment of identifiable intangibles, long-lived assets and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors the Company considers important which could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, the following:
 
  •  significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;
 
  •  significant negative industry or economic trends; and,
 
  •  significant changes or developments in strategic technological collaborations or legal matters which affect the Company’s capitalized patents, trademarks and intellectual properties, such as licenses.
 
When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangibles, long-lived assets and goodwill may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators, it measures any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the Company’s current business model. Net intangible assets, long-lived assets and goodwill amounted to $150 million, $172 million and $268 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2008. The Company performs annual impairment reviews of its goodwill. The Company performed its annual review during the fourth quarter of 2008 and currently does not expect to record an impairment charge in the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that, at the time future reviews are completed, a material impairment charge will not be recorded.
 
Warranty
Product warranties are recorded at the time revenue is recognized for certain product shipments. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s previous estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. At December 31, 2008, the Company’s warranty liability was $10 million.


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Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its actual current tax exposure together with assessing changes in temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as depreciation, amortization and inventory reserves, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within the consolidated balance sheets. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company may need to establish an additional valuation allowance which could materially impact its financial position and results of operations.
 
SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, requires that a company continually evaluate the necessity of establishing or changing a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, depending on whether it is more likely than not that actual benefit of those assets will be realized in future periods. In addition, the Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. FIN 48 requires financial statement reporting of the expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax return reporting positions on the presumption that all relevant tax authorities possess full knowledge of those tax reporting positions, as well as all of the pertinent facts and circumstances, but it prohibits any discounting of any of the related tax effects for the time value of money. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2008 were $77 million.
 
Litigation
As described in Item 3, Legal Proceedings, of Part I of this Form 10-K, the Company is a party to various pending litigation matters. With respect to each pending claim, management determines whether it can reasonably estimate whether a loss is probable and, if so, the probable range of that loss. If and when management has determined, with respect to a particular claim, both that a loss is probable and that it can reasonably estimate the range of that loss, the Company records a charge equal to either its best estimate of that loss or the lowest amount in that probable range of loss. The Company will disclose additional exposures when the range of loss is subject to considerable interpretation.
 
With respect to the claims referenced in Item 3, management of the Company to date has been able to make this determination and thus has recorded charges with respect to the claims described in Item 3. As developments occur in these matters and additional information becomes available, management of the Company will reassess the probability of any losses and of their range, which may result in its recording charges or additional charges which could materially impact the Company’s results of operation or financial position.
 
Pension and Other Retirement Benefits
Assumptions used in determining projected benefit obligations and the fair values of plan assets for the Company’s pension plans and other retirement benefits are evaluated periodically by management. Changes in assumptions are based on relevant company data. Critical assumptions, such as the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, are evaluated and updated annually. The Company has assumed that the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets will be 8.00% for its Waters Retirement Plan, which is the majority of the Company’s benefit obligation and expense.
 
At the end of each year, the Company determines the discount rate that reflects the current rate at which the pension liabilities could be effectively settled. The Company determined the discount rate based on the analysis of the Mercer and Citigroup Pension Discount Curves for high quality investments and the Moody’s Aa interest rate as of December 31, 2008 that best matched the timing of the plan’s future cash flows for the period to maturity of the pension benefits. Once the interest rates were determined, the plan’s cash flow was discounted at the spot interest rate back to the measurement date. At December 31, 2008, the Company determined this rate to be 6.38% for the Waters Retirement Plan, which is the majority of the Company’s 2008 benefit obligation and 2009 expense. Retirement benefit plan discount rates are the same as those used by the Company’s defined benefit pension plan in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits other than Pensions.”
 
A one-quarter percentage point increase in the discount rate would decrease the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for the Waters Retirement Plan by less than $1 million. A one-quarter percentage point increase in the


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assumed long-term rate of return would decrease the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for the Waters Retirement Plan by less than $1 million.
 
Stock-based Compensation
The Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006. This standard requires that all share-based payments to employees be recognized in the statements of operations based on their fair values. The Company has used the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of its stock option awards. Under the fair-value recognition provisions of this statement, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating stock price volatility and employee stock option exercise behaviors. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and the Company’s results of operations could be materially impacted. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is based on awards that ultimately are expected to vest, the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience. If factors change and the Company employs different assumptions in the application of SFAS No. 123(R), the compensation expense that the Company records in the future periods may differ significantly from what the Company has recorded in the current period.
 
The Company adopted the modified prospective transition method permitted under SFAS No. 123(R) and, consequently, has not adjusted results from prior years. Under the modified transition method, compensation costs now include expense relating to the remaining unvested awards granted prior to December 31, 2005 and the expense related to any awards issued subsequent to December 31, 2005. The Company recognizes the expense using the straight-line attribution method.
 
As of December 31, 2008, unrecognized compensation costs and related weighted-average lives over which the costs will be amortized were as follows (in millions):
 
                 
    Unrecognized
       
    Compensation
    Weighted-Average
 
    Costs     Life in Years  
 
Stock options
  $ 41       3.3  
Restricted stock units
  $ 25       3.4  
Restricted stock
  $ 1       1.6  
                 
Total
  $ 67       3.3  
                 
 
Recent Accounting Standards Changes
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. This standard permits an entity to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. Subsequent unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in earnings. The Company did not elect to re-measure any of its existing financial assets or liabilities under the provisions of this standard.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations”, which replaces SFAS No. 141. This revised standard requires assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests acquired to be measured at fair value and requires that costs incurred to effect the acquisition be recognized separately from the business combination. In addition, this statement expands the scope to include all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more businesses. This statement is effective for all business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008.
 
SFAS No. 141(R) will be applied prospectively to business combinations with acquisition dates on or after January 1, 2009. Adoption is not expected to materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial position or


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results of operations directly when it becomes effective, as the only impact that the standard will have on recorded amounts at that time relates to disposition of uncertain tax positions related to prior acquisitions. Following adoption, the resolution of such items at values that differ from recorded amounts will be adjusted through earnings rather than through goodwill. Adoption of this statement is, however, expected to have a significant effect on how acquisition transactions subsequent to January 1, 2009 are reflected in the financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51”. This statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows when it becomes effective, but may affect the accounting for non-controlling (or minority) interests from that date forward.
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. This statement is intended to help investors better understand how derivative instruments and hedging activities affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows through enhanced disclosure requirements. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets”. This FSP amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. The objective of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS No. 141(R) and other U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). This FSP applies to all intangible assets, whether acquired in a business combination or otherwise, and shall be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years and shall be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. This statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of non-governmental entities that are presented in accordance with GAAP. With the issuance of this statement, the FASB concluded that the GAAP hierarchy should be directed toward the entity and not its auditor, and reside in the accounting literature established by the FASB as opposed to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. This statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to U.S. Auditing Standards Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets”. This FSP amends the standard to provide guidance on employers’ disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The provisions of this FSP are not required for earlier periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Item 7A:   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
The Company operates on a global basis and is exposed to the risk that its earnings, cash flows and stockholders’ equity could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. The Company


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attempts to minimize its exposures by using certain financial instruments, for purposes other than trading, in accordance with the Company’s overall risk management guidelines.
 
The Company is primarily exposed to currency exchange-rate risk with respect to certain inter-company balances, forecasted transactions and cash flow, and net assets denominated in Euro, Japanese Yen and British Pound. The Company manages its foreign currency exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows the Company to analyze exposures globally and take into account offsetting exposures in certain balances. In addition, the Company utilizes derivative and non-derivative financial instruments to further reduce the net exposure to currency fluctuations.
 
The Company is also exposed to the risk that its earnings and cash flows could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in interest rates. The Company’s policy is to manage interest costs by using a mix of fixed and floating rate debt that management believes is appropriate. At times, to manage this mix in a cost efficient manner, the Company has periodically entered into interest rate swaps in which the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount.
 
Hedge Transactions
 
The Company records its hedge transactions in accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as amended, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either assets or liabilities. If the derivative is designated as a fair-value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income and are recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings; ineffective portions of changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.
 
The Company currently uses derivative instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency and interest rate risks. The Company’s objectives for holding derivatives are to minimize foreign currency and interest rate risk using the most effective methods to eliminate or reduce the impact of foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items and links all derivatives designated as fair-value, cash flow or net investment hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to specific forecasted transactions. The Company also assesses and documents, both at the hedges’ inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows associated with the hedged items.
 
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to hedge the risk to earnings associated with fluctuations in interest rates related to outstanding U.S. dollar floating rate debt. In August 2007, the Company entered into two floating-to-fixed-rate interest rate swaps, each with a notional amount of $50 million and maturity dates of April 2009 and October 2009, to hedge floating rate debt related to the term loan facility of its outstanding debt. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded a cumulative net pre-tax unrealized loss of $2 million and $1 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, respectively, on these interest rate swap agreements.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2005, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed-rate interest rate swap, with a notional amount of $200 million and maturity date of June 2007, to hedge floating rate debt related to the term loan facility of its outstanding debt. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded a cumulative net pre-tax realized gain of $1 million and, in December 2006, the Company closed out the swap, resulting in a pre-tax gain of less than $1 million. The gain was deferred and was recognized in earnings in 2007 over the original term of the interest rate swap.
 
Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations
The Company has operations in various countries and currencies throughout the world, with approximately 35% of its sales denominated in Euros, 10% in Japanese Yen and smaller sales exposures in other currencies in 2008. As a


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result, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows can be affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses cross-currency interest rate swaps, forward contracts and range forward contracts to hedge its stockholders’ equity balance from the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. These agreements are designated as foreign currency hedges of a net investment in foreign operations. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of cross-currency interest rate swap agreements, forward contracts or range forward contracts is offset by the change in the value of the hedged net assets of the Company’s consolidated foreign affiliates. Therefore, these derivative instruments are intended to serve as an effective hedge of certain foreign net assets of the Company.
 
During 2007 and 2006, the Company hedged its net investment in Euro foreign affiliates with cross-currency interest rate swaps, with notional values ranging from $30 million to $100 million. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had no outstanding cross-currency interest rate swaps contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax losses of $10 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, which consists of realized losses of $10 million. At December 31, 2006, the notional amount of the outstanding contracts totaled $100 million. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax losses of $11 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, which consists of realized losses of $10 million and unrealized losses of $1 million.
 
Other
The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts, principally to hedge the impact of currency fluctuations on certain inter-company balances. Principal hedged currencies primarily include the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound and Singapore Dollar. The periods of these forward contracts typically range from one to three months and have varying notional amounts which are intended to be consistent with changes in inter-company balances. Gains and losses on these forward contracts are recorded in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company held forward foreign exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling approximately $120 million, $101 million and $71 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax losses of $23 million, which consists of realized losses of $22 million relating to the closed forward contracts and $1 million of unrealized losses relating to the open forward contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax gains of $2 million, which consists of realized gains of $3 million relating to the closed forward contracts and $1 million of unrealized losses relating to the open forward contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax gains of $4 million, which consists of realized gains of $3 million relating to the closed forward contracts and $1 million of unrealized gains relating to the open forward contracts.
 
Assuming a hypothetical adverse change of 10% in year-end exchange rates (a strengthening of the U.S. dollar), the fair market value of the forward contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2008 would decrease earnings by approximately $12 million.
 
The Company is exposed to the risk of interest rate fluctuations from the investments of cash generated from operations. The Company’s cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments, with original maturities of generally 90 days or less, in commercial paper rated A1 or A1+ by Standard & Poors and P1 by Moody’s Investors Service, bank deposits, repurchase agreements, U.S. Government Treasury Bills and AAA rated U.S. Treasury Bill and European government bond money market funds. Similar investments with longer maturities are classified as short-term investments. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are convertible to a known amount of cash and carry an insignificant risk of change in market value. The Company maintains balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits, and in foreign subsidiary accounts in currencies other than U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2008, the Company has no holdings in auction rate securities or commercial paper issued by structured investment vehicles, collateralized debt obligation conduits or asset-backed conduits.
 
The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are not subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short maturities of these instruments. As of December 31, 2008, the carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximated fair value.


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Item 8:   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008.
 
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.


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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Waters Corporation
 
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Waters Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
As discussed in Notes 10, 14 and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, respectively, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for uncertain tax positions effective January 1, 2007, share-based compensation effective January 1, 2006 and defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans effective December 31, 2006.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
/s/  PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 
Boston, Massachusetts
February 27, 2009


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WATERS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
                 
    December 31  
    2008     2007  
    (In thousands, except per share data)  
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 428,522     $ 597,333  
Short-term investments
          95,681  
Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns
               
of $7,608 and $9,634 at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    291,763       317,792  
Inventories
    173,051       175,888  
Other current assets
    62,966       50,368  
                 
Total current assets
    956,302       1,237,062  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    171,588       160,856  
Intangible assets, net
    149,652       141,759  
Goodwill
    268,364       272,626  
Other assets
    76,992       68,752  
                 
Total assets
  $ 1,622,898     $ 1,881,055  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
Notes payable and debt
  $ 36,120     $ 384,176  
Accounts payable
    47,240       47,451  
Accrued employee compensation
    43,535       58,771  
Deferred revenue and customer advances
    87,492       87,348  
Accrued income taxes
          994  
Accrued warranty
    10,276       13,119  
Other current liabilities
    64,843       66,575  
                 
Total current liabilities
    289,506       658,434  
Long-term liabilities:
               
Long-term debt
    500,000       500,000  
Long-term portion of retirement benefits
    77,017       52,353  
Long-term income tax liability
    80,310       70,079  
Other long-term liabilities
    15,060       14,113  
                 
Total long-term liabilities
    672,387       636,545  
                 
Total liabilities
    961,893       1,294,979  
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9, 10, 11, 13 and 17)
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 5,000 shares authorized, none
               
issued at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007
           
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 400,000 shares authorized,
               
148,069 and 147,061 shares issued, 97,891 and 100,975 shares
               
outstanding at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    1,481       1,471  
Additional paid-in capital
    756,499       691,746  
Retained earnings
    1,913,403       1,590,924  
Treasury stock, at cost, 50,178 and 46,086 shares at December 31, 2008
               
and December 31, 2007, respectively
    (2,001,797 )     (1,764,297 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    (8,581 )     66,232  
                 
Total stockholders’ equity
    661,005       586,076  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 1,622,898     $ 1,881,055  
                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim consolidated financial statements.


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WATERS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
                         
    December 31  
    2008     2007     2006  
    (In thousands, except per share data)  
 
Product sales
  $ 1,139,886     $ 1,087,592     $ 936,269  
Service sales
    435,238       385,456       343,960  
                         
Total net sales
    1,575,124       1,473,048       1,280,229  
Cost of product sales
    457,886       441,877       369,008  
Cost of service sales
    203,380       189,245       167,177  
                         
Total cost of sales
    661,266       631,122       536,185  
                         
Gross profit
    913,858       841,926       744,044  
Selling and administrative expenses
    426,699       403,703       357,664  
Research and development expenses
    81,588       80,649       77,306  
Purchased intangibles amortization
    9,290       8,695       5,439  
Litigation provision
    6,527              
Restructuring and other charges, net
                8,484  
                         
Operating income
    389,754       348,879       295,151  
Other expense, net
                (5,847 )
Interest expense
    (38,521 )     (56,515 )     (51,657 )
Interest income
    20,959       30,828       25,312  
                         
Income from operations before income taxes
    372,192       323,192       262,959  
Provision for income taxes
    49,713       55,120       40,759  
                         
Net income
  $ 322,479     $ 268,072     $ 222,200  
                         
Net income per basic common share
  $ 3.25     $ 2.67     $ 2.16  
Weighted-average number of basic common shares
    99,199       100,500       102,691  
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 3.21     $ 2.62     $ 2.13  
Weighted-average number of diluted common shares and equivalents
    100,555       102,505       104,240  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated interim financial statements.


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WATERS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2008     2007     2006  
    (In thousands)  
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                       
Net income
  $ 322,479     $ 268,072     $ 222,200  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Provisions for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable
    3,924       1,382       1,661  
Provisions on inventory
    10,632       6,024       5,903  
Impairment of investments
                5,847  
Stock-based compensation
    30,782       28,855       28,813  
Deferred income taxes
    (19,626 )     5,946       506  
Depreciation
    29,071       27,467       25,896  
Amortization of intangibles
    36,200       25,850       20,263  
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
                       
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable
    21,739       (26,266 )     (7,210 )
Increase in inventories
    (20,618 )     (6,368 )     (29,853 )
Decrease (increase) in other current assets
    (4,633 )     (3,032 )     (2,919 )
Decrease (increase) in other assets
    5,180       (6,600 )     (13,146 )
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and other current liabilities
    (19,970 )     32,309       1,670  
Increase in deferred revenue and customer advances
    1,976       6,244       1,230  
Increase in other liabilities
    21,112       10,624       2,733  
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    418,248       370,507       263,594  
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Additions to property, plant, equipment and software capitalization
    (69,065 )     (60,342 )     (51,421 )
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
    (7,805 )     (9,076 )     (78,953 )
Investment in unaffiliated company
          (3,532 )      
Purchase of short-term investments
    (19,738 )     (390,542 )      
Maturity of short-term investments
    115,419       294,861        
Cash received from escrow related to business acquisition
          724        
                         
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    18,811       (167,907 )     (130,374 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Proceeds from debt issuances
    469,407       1,131,834       406,844  
Payments on debt
    (817,463 )     (1,151,119 )     (334,629 )
Payments of debt issuance costs
    (501 )     (1,081 )      
Proceeds from stock plans
    28,646       91,427       39,913  
Purchase of treasury shares
    (237,500 )     (200,648 )     (249,203 )
Excess tax benefit related to stock option plans
    6,669       16,999       16,503  
Payments of debt swaps and other derivative contracts
    (22,196 )     (7,098 )     (5,334 )
                         
Net cash used in financing activities
    (572,938 )     (119,686 )     (125,906 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    (32,932 )     253       13,264  
                         
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (168,811 )     83,167       20,578  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    597,333       514,166       493,588  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 428,522     $ 597,333     $ 514,166  
                         
Supplemental cash flow information:
                       
Income taxes paid
    40,571       29,294       38,049  
Interest paid
    44,081       49,224       51,853  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated interim financial statements.


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WATERS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
                                                                         
                                        Accumulated
             
    Number of
          Additional
                      Other
    Total
    Statements of
 
    Common
    Common
    Paid-in
    Deferred
    Retained
    Treasury
    Comprehensive
    Stockholders’
    Comprehensive
 
    Shares     Stock     Capital     Compensation     Earnings     Stock     Income (Loss)     Equity     Income  
    (In thousands)  
 
Balance December 31, 2005
    142,287     $ 1,423     $ 467,681     $ (255 )   $ 1,104,557     $ (1,314,446 )   $ 24,672     $ 283,632          
Comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                       
Net income
                            222,200                   222,200     $ 222,200  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                                                                       
Foreign currency translation
                                        27,072       27,072       27,072  
Net appreciation (depreciation) and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax
                                        (10,575 )     (10,575 )     (10,575 )
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax
                                        4,210       4,210       4,210  
                                                                         
Other comprehensive income
                                        20,707       20,707       20,707  
                                                                         
Comprehensive income
                                                                  $ 242,907  
                                                                         
Issuance of common stock for employees:
                                                                       
Stock Purchase Plan
    70       1       2,636                               2,637          
Stock options exercised
    1,727       17       37,259                               37,276          
Tax benefit related to stock option plans
                16,503                               16,503          
Adoption of SFAS No. 123(R)
                (255 )     255                                  
Adoption of SFAS No. 158
                                        (1,714 )     (1,714 )        
Treasury stock
                                  (249,203 )           (249,203 )        
Stock-based compensation
    8             30,345                               30,345          
                                                                         
Balance December 31, 2006
    144,092     $ 1,441     $ 554,169     $     $ 1,326,757     $ (1,563,649 )   $ 43,665     $ 362,383          
                                                                         
Comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                       
Net income
                            268,072                   268,072     $ 268,072  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                                                                       
Foreign currency translation
                                        26,276       26,276       26,276  
Net appreciation (depreciation) and realized gains (losses) on derivative
                                        (11,720 )     (11,720 )     (11,720 )
instruments, net of tax
                                                                       
Changes in pension and postretirement benefits, net of tax
                                        8,852       8,852       8,852  
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net
                                                    (841 )     (841 )     (841 )
                                                                         
Other comprehensive income
                                        22,567       22,567       22,567  
                                                                         
Comprehensive income
                                                                  $ 290,639  
                                                                         
Issuance of common stock for employees:
                                                                       
Stock Purchase Plan
    61       1       2,883                               2,884          
Stock options exercised
    2,844       28       88,515                               88,543          
Tax benefit related to stock option plans
                16,999                               16,999          
Adoption of FIN 48
                            (3,905 )                 (3,905 )        
Treasury stock
                                  (200,648 )           (200,648 )        
Stock-based compensation
    64       1       29,180                               29,181          
                                                                         
Balance December 31, 2007
    147,061       1,471       691,746             1,590,924       (1,764,297 )     66,232       586,076          
                                                                         
Comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                       
Net income
                            322,479                   322,479     $ 322,479  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                                                                       
Foreign currency translation
                                        (53,704 )     (53,704 )     (53,704 )
Net appreciation (depreciation) and realized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax
                                        (519 )     (519 )     (519 )
Changes in pension and postretirement benefits, net of tax
                                        (20,466 )     (20,466 )     (20,466 )
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net
                                                    (124 )     (124 )     (124 )
                                                                         
Other comprehensive loss
                                        (74,813 )     (74,813 )     (74,813 )
                                                                         
Comprehensive income
                                                                  $ 247,666  
                                                                         
Issuance of common stock for employees:
                                                                       
Stock Purchase Plan
    61       1       3,409                               3,410          
Stock options exercised
    825       8       25,228                               25,236          
Tax benefit related to stock option plans
                6,669                               6,669          
Increase in valuation allowance
                    (1,732 )                                     (1,732 )        
Treasury stock
                                  (237,500 )           (237,500 )        
Stock-based compensation
    122       1       31,179                               31,180          
                                                                         
Balance December 31, 2008
    148,069     $ 1,481     $ 756,499     $     $ 1,913,403     $ (2,001,797 )   $ (8,581 )   $ 661,005          
                                                                         
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated interim financial statements.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1   Description of Business, Organization and Basis of Presentation
 
Waters Corporation (“Waters” or the “Company”), an analytical instrument manufacturer, designs, manufactures, sells and services, through its Waters Division, high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”), ultra performance liquid chromatography® (“UPLC” and together with HPLC, herein referred to as “LC”) and mass spectrometry (“MS”) instrument systems and support products, including chromatography columns, other consumable products and comprehensive post-warranty service plans. These systems are complementary products that can be integrated together and used along with other analytical instruments. LC is a standard technique and is utilized in a broad range of industries to detect, identify, monitor and measure the chemical, physical and biological composition of materials, and to purify a full range of compounds. MS instruments are used in drug discovery and development, including clinical trial testing, the analysis of proteins in disease processes (known as “proteomics”) and environmental testing. LC is often combined with MS to create LC-MS instruments that include a liquid phase sample introduction and separation system with mass spectrometric compound identification and quantification. Through its TA Division (“TA”), the Company designs, manufactures, sells and services thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry instruments which are used primarily in predicting the suitability of polymers and liquids for various industrial, consumer goods and healthcare products as well as for life science research. The Company is also a developer and supplier of software-based products that interface with the Company’s instruments and are typically purchased by customers as part of the instrument system.
 
2   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, product returns and allowances, bad debts, inventory valuation, equity investments, goodwill and intangible assets, warranty and installation provisions, income taxes, contingencies, litigation, retirement plan obligations and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
Risks and Uncertainties
 
The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the analytical instrument industry, including, but not limited to, global economic and credit conditions, development by its competitors of new technological innovations, risk of disruption, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, dependence on key personnel, protection and litigation of proprietary technology, compliance with regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and similar foreign regulatory authorities and agencies and changes in the fair value of the underlying assets of the Company’s defined benefit plans.
 
Reclassifications
 
Certain amounts from prior years have been reclassified in the accompanying financial statements in order to be consistent with the current year’s classifications.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, most of which are wholly owned. The Company consolidates entities in which it owns or controls fifty percent or more of the voting shares. All material inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Translation of Foreign Currencies
 
For most of the Company’s foreign operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing


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during the period. Any resulting translation gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s net sales derived from operations outside the United States were 70% in 2008, 68% in 2007 and 68% in 2006. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in net income in the consolidated statements of operations and were not material for the years presented.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Cash equivalents primarily represent highly liquid investments, with original maturities of generally 90 days or less, in commercial paper rated A1 or A1+ by Standard & Poor’s and P1 by Moody’s Investors Service, bank deposits, repurchase agreements, U.S. Government Treasury Bills and AAA rated U.S. Treasury Bill and European government bond money market funds which are convertible to a known amount of cash and carry an insignificant risk of change in market value. Similar investments with longer maturities are classified as short-term investments. The Company maintains balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits, and in foreign subsidiary accounts in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
 
Short-Term Investments
 
Short-term investments were classified as available-for-sale in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”. All available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair market value and any unrealized holding gains and losses, to the extent deemed temporary, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity, net of the related tax effects. Realized gains and losses are determined on the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense) net. If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in the value of the investment, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate the extent to which the decline is “other than temporary” and marks the investment to market through a charge to the statement of operations. The Company classifies its investments as short-term investments exclusive of those categorized as cash equivalents. At December 31, 2007, the Company had short-term investments with a cost of $96 million, which approximated market value. The Company had no short-term investments as of December 31, 2008.
 
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
The Company sells its products and services to a significant number of large and small customers throughout the world, with net sales to the pharmaceutical industry of approximately 50% in 2008, 52% in 2007 and 52% in 2006. None of the Company’s individual customers accounted for more than 3% of annual Company sales in 2008, 2007 or 2006. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral, but in certain circumstances may require letters of credit or deposits. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant bad debt losses.
 
Seasonality of Business
 
The Company experiences an increase in sales in the fourth quarter, as a result of purchasing habits for capital goods of customers that tend to exhaust their spending budgets by calendar year end.
 
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the existing accounts receivable. The allowance is based on a number of factors, including historical experience and the customer’s credit-worthiness. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed on at least a quarterly basis. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged against the allowance when the Company feels it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Balance at
                Balance at
 
    Beginning of Period     Additions     Deductions     End of Period  
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Sales Returns:
                               
2008
  $ 9,634     $ 5,470     $ (7,496 )   $ 7,608  
2007
  $ 8,439     $ 6,617     $ (5,422 )   $ 9,634  
2006
  $ 6,550     $ 4,254     $ (2,365 )   $ 8,439  
 
Inventory
 
The Company values all of its inventories at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis (“FIFO”).
 
Income Taxes
 
Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to offset any net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A liability has also been recorded to recognize uncertain tax return reporting positions.
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense while the costs of significant improvements are capitalized. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: buildings — fifteen to thirty years; building improvements — five to ten years; leasehold improvements — the shorter of the economic useful life or life of lease; and production and other equipment — three to ten years. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the consolidated balance sheets and related gains or losses are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no material gains or losses from retirement or sale of assets in 2008, 2007 and 2006.
 
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
The Company tests for goodwill impairment using a fair-value approach at the reporting unit level annually, or earlier, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Additionally, the Company has elected to make January 1 the annual impairment assessment date for its reporting units. SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, defines a reporting unit as an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment, if discrete financial information is prepared and reviewed by management. Goodwill is allocated to the reporting units at the time of acquisition. Under the impairment test, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill. The fair value of reporting units was estimated using a discounted cash flows technique, which includes certain management assumptions, such as estimated future cash flows, estimated growth rates and discount rates.
 
The Company’s intangible assets include purchased technology; capitalized software development costs; costs associated with acquiring Company patents, trademarks and intellectual properties, such as licenses; and debt issuance costs. Purchased intangibles are recorded at their fair market values as of the acquisition date and amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from one to fifteen years. Other intangibles are amortized over a period ranging from one to thirteen years. Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the related debt.
 
Software Development Costs
 
The Company capitalizes software development costs for products offered for sale in accordance with SFAS No. 86, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed”. Capitalized costs are


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
amortized to cost of sales over the period of economic benefit, which approximates a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related software products, generally three to five years.
 
The Company capitalizes internal software development costs in accordance with Statement of Position (“SOP”) 98-1, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use”. Capitalized internal software development costs are amortized over the period of economic benefit which approximates a straight-line basis over ten years. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, capitalized internal software included in property, plant and equipment totaled $2 million each, net of accumulated amortization of $5 million and $4 million, respectively.
 
Investments
 
The Company accounts for its investments that represent less than twenty percent ownership using SFAS No. 115. Investments for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence and for which there is not a readily determinable market value are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of its investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting and carries them at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. For investments in which the Company owns or controls between twenty and forty-nine percent of the voting shares, or over which it exerts significant influence over operating and financial policies, the equity method of accounting is used. The Company’s share of net income or losses of equity investments is included in the consolidated statements of operations and was not material in any period presented.
 
All investments at December 31, 2008 and 2007 are included in other assets and amounted to $7 million and $8 million, respectively. See Note 6, “Business Investments”, for net other-than-temporary impairment charges taken in 2006 for certain equity investments.
 
Asset Impairments
 
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” Whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the Company evaluates the fair value of the asset, relying on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, operating results, business plans, economic projections and anticipated future cash flows. Any change in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of the Company’s evaluation is separately identified in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
 
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. This standard addresses how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use a fair-value measure for recognition or disclosure purposes under GAAP. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Relative to SFAS No. 157, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) Nos. 157-1, 157-2 and 157-3. FSP No. 157-1 amends SFAS No. 157 to exclude SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases”, and its related interpretive accounting pronouncements that address leasing transactions, while FSP No. 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. As is permitted by FSP No. 157-2, the Company has elected to defer implementation of this standard as it relates to the Company’s non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities that are recognized and disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a non-recurring basis until January 1, 2009. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of FSP No. 157-2 will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. FSP No. 157-3 clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 as it relates to the valuation of financial assets in a market that is not active for those financial assets. This FSP is effective immediately and includes those periods for which financial statements have not been issued. As of December 31, 2008, the Company currently does not have any financial assets that are valued using inactive markets, and, as such are not currently impacted by the issuance of this FSP.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
SFAS No. 157 establishes a three-level value hierarchy for disclosure of fair-value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
 
Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
Level 2 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs (e.g. a reporting entity’s own data).
 
In accordance with methodology prescribed by SFAS No. 157, the Company has measured and disclosed the fair value of the following financial instrument assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
 
                                 
          Quoted Prices
             
          in Active
    Significant
       
          Market for
    Other
       
    Total
    Identical
    Observable
    Significant
 
    December 31,
    Assets
    Inputs
    Unobservable Inputs
 
    2008     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
 
Assets:
                               
Cash equivalents
  $ 223,000     $     $ 223,000     $  
Waters Retirement Restoration Plan assets
    12,888             12,888        
                                 
Total
  $ 235,888     $     $ 235,888     $  
                                 
Liabilities:
                               
Interest rate swap agreements
    1,798             1,798        
Foreign currency exchange contract agreements
    1,595             1,595        
                                 
Total
  $ 3,393     $     $ 3,393     $  
                                 
 
The fair values of the Company’s cash equivalents, plan assets and derivative instruments are determined through market, observable and corroborated sources. Fair values of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt approximate cost.
 
Stockholders’ Equity
 
In February 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period. During 2008 and 2007, the Company repurchased a total of 6.9 million shares at a cost of $402 million under this program, leaving $98 million authorized for future purchases. The Company repurchased 4.1 million, 3.4 million and 5.8 million shares at a cost of $235 million, $201 million and $249 million during 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, under the February 2007 authorization and previously announced programs. In February 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to an additional $500 million of its outstanding common stock over a two-year period. The Company believes it has the resources to fund the common stock repurchases as well as to pursue acquisition opportunities in the future.
 
On August 9, 2002, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of a stock purchase rights plan where a dividend of one fractional preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) was declared for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company. The dividend was paid on August 27, 2002 to the stockholders of record on that date. The Rights, which expire on August 27, 2012, become exercisable only under certain conditions. When they first become exercisable, each Right will entitle its holder to buy from Waters one one-hundredth of a share of new Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (authorized limit of 4,000) for $120.00. When a person or group actually has acquired 15% or more of Waters’ common stock, the Rights will then become exercisable for a number of shares of Waters’ common stock with a market value of twice the $120.00 exercise price of each Right. In addition, the Rights will then become exercisable for a number of shares of common


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
stock of the acquiring company with a market value of twice the $120.00 exercise price per Right. The Board of Directors may redeem the Rights at a price of $0.001 per Right up until 10 days following a public announcement that any person or group has acquired 15% or more of the Company’s common stock.
 
Hedge Transactions
 
The Company records its hedge transactions in accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as amended, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either assets or liabilities. If the derivative is designated as a fair-value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income and are recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings; ineffective portions of changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.
 
The Company currently uses derivative instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency and interest rate risks. The Company’s objectives for holding derivatives are to minimize foreign currency and interest rate risk using the most effective methods to eliminate or reduce the impact of foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items and links all derivatives designated as fair-value, cash flow or net investment hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to specific forecasted transactions. The Company also assesses and documents, both at the hedges’ inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows associated with the hedged items.
 
The Company operates on a global basis and is exposed to the risk that its earnings, cash flows and stockholders’ equity could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates.
 
Cash Flow Hedges
 
The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to hedge the risk to earnings associated with fluctuations in interest rates related to outstanding U.S. dollar floating rate debt. In August 2007, the Company entered into two floating-to-fixed-rate interest rate swaps, each with a notional amount of $50 million and maturity dates of April 2009 and October 2009, to hedge floating rate debt related to the term loan facility of its outstanding debt. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded a cumulative net pre-tax unrealized loss of $2 million and $1 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, respectively, on these interest rate swap agreements.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2005, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed-rate interest rate swap, with a notional amount of $200 million and maturity date of June 2007, to hedge floating rate debt related to the term loan facility of its outstanding debt. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded a cumulative net pre-tax realized gain of $1 million and, in December 2006, the Company closed out the swap, resulting in a pre-tax gain of less than $1 million. The gain was deferred and was recognized in earnings in 2007 over the original term of the interest rate swap.
 
Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations
 
The Company has operations in various countries and currencies throughout the world, with approximately 35% of its sales denominated in Euros, 10% in Japanese Yen and smaller sales exposures in other currencies in 2008. As a result, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows can be affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses cross-currency interest rate swaps, forward contracts and range forward contracts to hedge its stockholders’ equity balance from the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. These agreements are designated as foreign currency hedges of a net investment in foreign operations. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of cross-currency interest rate swap agreements, forward contracts or range forward contracts is offset by the change in the value of the hedged net assets of the Company’s consolidated foreign


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
affiliates. Therefore, these derivative instruments are intended to serve as an effective hedge of certain foreign net assets of the Company.
 
During 2007 and 2006, the Company hedged its net investment in Euro foreign affiliates with cross-currency interest rate swaps, with notional values ranging from $30 million to $100 million. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had no outstanding cross-currency interest rate swaps contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax losses of $10 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, which consists of realized losses of $10 million. At December 31, 2006, the notional amount of the outstanding contracts totaled $100 million. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax losses of $11 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, which consists of realized losses of $10 million and unrealized losses of $1 million.
 
Other
 
The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts, principally to hedge the impact of currency fluctuations on certain inter-company balances. Principal hedged currencies primarily include the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound and Singapore Dollar. The periods of these forward contracts typically range from one to three months and have varying notional amounts which are intended to be consistent with changes in inter-company balances. Gains and losses on these forward contracts are recorded in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company held forward foreign exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling approximately $120 million, $101 million and $71 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax losses of $23 million, which consists of realized losses of $22 million relating to the closed forward contracts and $1 million of unrealized losses relating to the open forward contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax gains of $2 million, which consists of realized gains of $3 million relating to the closed forward contracts and $1 million of unrealized losses relating to the open forward contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded cumulative net pre-tax gains of $4 million, which consists of realized gains of $3 million relating to the closed forward contracts and $1 million of unrealized gains relating to the open forward contracts.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Sales of products and services are generally recorded based on product shipment and performance of service, respectively. Product shipments, including those for demonstration or evaluation, and service contracts are not recorded as revenues until a valid purchase order or master agreement is received specifying fixed terms and prices. Proceeds received in advance of product shipment or performance of service are recorded as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales net of amounts invoiced to the customer per the order.
 
The Company’s method of revenue recognition for certain products requiring installation is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements”. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred; the vendor’s fee is fixed or determinable; collectibility is reasonably assured and, if applicable, upon acceptance when acceptance criteria with contractual cash holdback are specified. With respect to installation obligations, the larger of the contractual cash holdback or the fair value of the installation service is deferred when the product is shipped and revenue is recognized as a multiple-element arrangement when installation is complete. The Company determines the fair value of installation based upon a number of factors, including hourly service billing rates, estimated installation hours and comparisons of amounts charged by third parties.
 
The Company recognizes product revenue when legal title has transferred and risk of loss passes to the customer. The Company structures its sales arrangements as FOB shipping point or international equivalent and, accordingly, recognizes revenue upon shipment. In some cases, FOB destination based shipping terms are included in sales arrangements, in which cases revenue is recognized when the products arrive at the customer site.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Returns and customer credits are infrequent and are recorded as a reduction to sales. Rights of return are not included in sales arrangements. Revenue associated with products that contain specific customer acceptance criteria is not recognized before the customer acceptance criteria are satisfied. Discounts from list prices are recorded as a reduction to sales.
 
Sales of software are accounted for in accordance with SOP 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition”, as amended by SOP 98-9, “Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions”. Software revenue is recognized upon shipment as typically no significant post-delivery obligations remain. Software upgrades are typically sold as part of a service contract with revenue recognized ratably over the term of the service contract.
 
The Company assists customers in obtaining financing with an independent third-party leasing company with respect to certain product sales. Revenue is generally recognized upon product shipment under these arrangements. The Company receives payment from the leasing company shortly after shipment, provided delivery and credit documentation meets contractual criteria. The customer is obligated to pay the leasing company but the Company retains some credit risk if the customer is unable to pay. Accordingly, the Company reduces revenue equal to pre-established loss-pool criteria, including contracts with recourse. The Company’s credit risk is significantly reduced through loss-pool limitations and re-marketing rights in the event of a default.
 
Product Warranty Costs
 
The Company accrues estimated product warranty costs at the time of sale which are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component supplies, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. The amount of the accrued warranty liability is based on historical information, such as past experience, product failure rates, number of units repaired and estimated costs of material and labor. The liability is reviewed for reasonableness at least quarterly.
 
The following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s accrued warranty liability for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Balance at
    Accruals for
    Settlements
    Balance at
 
    Beginning of Period     Warranties     Made     End of Period  
 
Accrued warranty liability:
                               
2008
  $ 13,119     $ 9,644     $ (12,487 )   $ 10,276  
2007
  $ 12,619     $ 19,719     $ (19,219 )   $ 13,119  
2006
  $ 11,719     $ 17,940     $ (17,040 )   $ 12,619  
 
Advertising Costs
 
All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expenses for 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $9 million, $6 million and $8 million, respectively.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries and benefits, facilities costs, overhead costs, contract services and other outside costs. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company has two stock-based compensation plans, which are described in Note 14, “Stock-Based Compensation”.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Earnings Per Share
 
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”, the Company presents two earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts. Income per basic common share is based on income available to common shareholders and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Income per diluted common share includes additional dilution from potential common stock, such as stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options outstanding.
 
Comprehensive Income
 
The Company accounts for comprehensive income in accordance with SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income”. The statement establishes standards for reporting and displaying comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. The statement requires that all components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements.
 
Recent Accounting Standards Changes
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. This standard permits an entity to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. Subsequent unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in earnings. The Company did not elect to re-measure any of its existing financial assets or liabilities under the provisions of this standard.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations”, which replaces SFAS No. 141. This revised standard requires assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests acquired to be measured at fair value and requires that costs incurred to effect the acquisition be recognized separately from the business combination. In addition, this statement expands the scope to include all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more businesses. This statement is effective for all business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008.
 
SFAS No. 141(R) will be applied prospectively to business combinations with acquisition dates on or after January 1, 2009. Adoption is not expected to materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations directly when it becomes effective, as the only impact that the standard will have on recorded amounts at that time relates to disposition of uncertain tax positions related to prior acquisitions. Following adoption, the resolution of such items at values that differ from recorded amounts will be adjusted through earnings rather than through goodwill. Adoption of this statement is, however, expected to have a significant effect on how acquisition transactions subsequent to January 1, 2009 are reflected in the financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51”. This statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows when it becomes effective, but may affect the accounting for non-controlling (or minority) interests from that date forward.
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. This statement is intended to help investors better understand how derivative instruments and hedging activities affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows through enhanced disclosure requirements. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets”. This FSP amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142. The objective of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS No. 141(R) and other U.S. GAAP. This FSP applies to all intangible assets, whether acquired in a business combination or otherwise, and shall be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years and shall be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. This statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of non-governmental entities that are presented in accordance with GAAP. With the issuance of this statement, the FASB concluded that the GAAP hierarchy should be directed toward the entity and not its auditor, and reside in the accounting literature established by the FASB as opposed to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. This statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to U.S. Auditing Standards Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets”. This FSP amends the standard to provide guidance on employers’ disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The provisions of this FSP are not required for earlier periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating whether the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
3  Out-of-Period Adjustments
 
During the second quarter of 2008, the Company identified errors originating in periods prior to the three months ended June 28, 2008. The errors primarily related to (i) an overstatement of the Company’s income tax expense of $16 million as a result of errors in recording its income tax provision during the period from 2000 to March 29, 2008 and (ii) an understatement of amortization expense of $9 million for certain capitalized software. The Company incorrectly calculated its provision for income taxes by tax-effecting its tax liability utilizing a U.S. tax rate of 35% instead of an Irish tax rate of 10%. In addition, the Company incorrectly accounted for Irish-based capitalized software and the related amortization expense as U.S. Dollar-denominated instead of Euro-denominated, resulting in an understatement of amortization expense and cumulative translation adjustment.
 
The Company identified and corrected the errors in the three months ended June 28, 2008, which had the effect of increasing cost of sales by $9 million; reducing gross profit and income from operations before income tax by $9 million; reducing the provision for income taxes by $16 million and increasing net income by $8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the errors had the effect of reducing the Company’s effective tax rate by 4.0 percentage points. In addition, as of June 28, 2008, the out-of-period adjustments increased the gross carrying value of capitalized software by $46 million; increased accumulated amortization for capitalized software by $36 million; reduced deferred tax liabilities by $14 million and increased accumulated other comprehensive income by $17 million.
 
The Company does not believe that the prior period errors, individually or in the aggregate, are material to any previously issued annual or quarterly financial statements. In addition, the Company does not believe that the adjustments described above to correct the cumulative effect of the errors in the three months ended June 28, 2008 are material to the three months ended June 28, 2008 or to the full year results for 2008. As a result, the Company has not restated its previously issued annual financial statements or interim financial data.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
4  Inventories
 
Inventories are classified as follows (in thousands):
 
                 
    December 31  
    2008     2007  
 
Raw materials
  $ 59,957     $ 51,426  
Work in progress
    12,899       16,970  
Finished goods
    100,195       107,492  
                 
Total inventories
  $ 173,051     $ 175,888  
                 
 
5  Property, Plant and Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
 
                 
    December 31  
    2008     2007  
 
Land and land improvements
  $ 9,735     $ 8,755  
Buildings and leasehold improvements
    123,278       118,517  
Production and other equipment
    222,361       206,361  
Construction in progress
    16,693       13,735  
                 
Total property, plant and equipment
    372,067       347,368  
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (200,479 )     (186,512 )
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 171,588     $ 160,856  
                 
 
During 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company retired and disposed of approximately $9 million, $4 million and $30 million of property, plant and equipment, respectively, most of which was fully depreciated and no longer in use. Gains and losses on disposal were immaterial.
 
6  Business Investments
 
In June 2007, the Company made an equity investment in Thar Instruments, Inc. (“Thar”), a privately held global leader in the design, development and manufacture of analytical and preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid extraction systems, for $4 million in cash. This investment is accounted for under the cost method of accounting. On February 2, 2009, the Company acquired all of the remaining outstanding capital stock of Thar for $36 million, including the assumption of $4 million of debt.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a $6 million charge for an other-than-temporary impairment to an equity investment in Caprion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Caprion”). The charge was recorded in 2006 when the Company was notified that Caprion’s financial condition had deteriorated and that a merger was occurring that, in the Company’s assessment, would result in the Company’s investment being substantially diminished. In March 2007, Caprion merged with Ecopia BioSciences Inc. and is now named Thallion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Thallion”). Thallion is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Company’s investment is accounted for under SFAS No. 115. The market value of the Thallion investment was less than $1 million at both December 31, 2008 and 2007.
 
7  Acquisitions
 
In December 2008, the Company acquired the net assets of Analytical Products Group, Inc. (“APG”), a provider of environmental testing products for quality control and proficiency testing used in environmental laboratories, for $5 million in cash. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of APG have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from the acquisition date. The purchase price of the acquisition was allocated to tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values. The Company has allocated $3 million of the purchase price to intangible assets comprised of non-compete


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
agreements, acquired technology, customer relationships and tradename. These intangible assets are being amortized over a weighted-average period of ten years. The excess purchase price of $1 million after this allocation has been accounted for as goodwill. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
 
In July 2008, the Company acquired the net assets of VTI Corporation (“VTI”), a manufacturer of sorption analysis and thermogravimetric analysis instruments, for $3 million in cash. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of VTI have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from the acquisition date. The purchase price of the acquisition was allocated to tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values. The Company has allocated $1 million of the purchase price to intangible assets comprised of a non-compete agreement and acquired technology. These intangible assets are being amortized over a weighted-average period of nine years. The excess purchase price of $2 million after this allocation has been accounted for as goodwill. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
 
In October 2007, the Company acquired certain net assets and customer lists from a South Korean distributor of thermal analysis products for a total of $2 million in cash. The Company has allocated $2 million of the purchase price to intangible assets comprised of customer relationships and non-compete agreements. These intangible assets are being amortized over a weighted-average period of ten years.
 
In August 2007, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Calorimetry Sciences Corporation (“CSC”), a privately held company that designs, develops and manufactures highly sensitive calorimeters, for $7 million in cash, including the assumption of $1 million of liabilities. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of operations of CSC have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from the acquisition date. The purchase price of the acquisition was allocated to tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values. The Company has allocated $3 million of the purchase price to intangible assets comprised of customer relationships, non-compete agreements and acquired technology. These intangible assets are being amortized over a weighted-average period of nine years. The excess purchase price of $5 million after this allocation has been accounted for as goodwill. The sellers also have provided the Company with normal representations, warranties and indemnification which would be settled in the future if and when the contractual representation or warranty condition occurs. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
 
In December 2006, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Environmental Resources Associates, Inc. (“ERA”), a provider of environmental testing products for quality control, proficiency testing and specialty calibration chemicals used in environmental laboratories, for $62 million, including the assumption of $4 million of debt. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of operations of ERA have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from the acquisition date.
 
In August 2006, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Thermometric AB (“Thermometric”), a manufacturer of high performance micro-calorimeters, and certain net assets and customer lists from a Taiwan distributor of thermal analysis products for a total of $3 million in cash. As part of the Thermometric acquisition, the Company assumed $1 million of debt. These acquisitions were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of operations of these acquisitions have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from the acquisition dates.
 
In February 2006, the Company acquired the net assets of the food safety business of VICAM Limited Partnership (“VICAM”) for $14 million. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the results of operations of VICAM have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from the acquisition date.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The following represents the unaudited pro forma results of the ongoing operations for Waters, APG, VTI, CSC, ERA, Thermometric and VICAM as though the acquisitions of APG, VTI, CSC, ERA, Thermometric and VICAM had occurred at the beginning of each period shown (in thousands, except per share data). The pro forma information, however, is not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred had the acquisition taken place at the beginning of the periods presented, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results.
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Net revenues
  $ 1,580,936     $ 1,482,258     $ 1,309,693  
Net income
  $ 323,152     $ 268,097     $ 226,853  
Net income per basic common share
  $ 3.26     $ 2.67     $ 2.21  
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 3.21     $ 2.62     $ 2.18  
 
The pro forma effects of other acquisitions are immaterial.
 
8  Goodwill and Other Intangibles
 
The carrying amount of goodwill was $268 million and $273 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The overall decrease is primarily attributable to an $8 million decrease due to currency translation being partially offset by the $3 million of goodwill from the Company’s acquisitions of VTI and APG (Note 7).
 
The Company’s intangible assets included in the consolidated balance sheets are detailed as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    December 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
                Weighted-
                Weighted-
 
    Gross
          Average
    Gross
          Average
 
    Carrying
    Accumulated
    Amortization
    Carrying
    Accumulated
    Amortization
 
    Amount     Amortization     Period     Amount     Amortization     Period  
 
Purchased intangibles
  $ 113,526     $ 51,662       10 years     $ 111,207     $ 43,180       10 years  
Capitalized software
    184,434       109,876       4 years       133,215       74,298       4 years  
Licenses
    9,345       7,235       9 years       10,522       7,011       9 years  
Patents and other intangibles
    20,918       9,798       8 years       19,182       7,878       8 years  
                                                 
Total
  $ 328,223     $ 178,571       7 years     $ 274,126     $ 132,367       7 years  
                                                 
 
The gross carrying value of capitalized software and related accumulated amortization increased by $46 million and $36 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 28, 2008 primarily as a result of an out-of-period adjustment (Note 3). During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company acquired $4 million of purchased intangibles as a result of the acquisitions of VTI and APG. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company acquired $4 million of purchased intangibles as a result of the acquisitions of CSC and the distributor rights from a South Korean distributor of thermal analysis products. In addition, the gross carrying value of intangible assets decreased by $25 million in 2008 and increased $3 million in 2007, respectively, due to the effect of foreign currency translation. The gross carrying value of accumulated amortization for intangible assets decreased by $17 million in 2008 and increased by $1 million in 2007 due to the effect of foreign currency translation.
 
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, amortization expense for intangible assets was $36 million, $26 million and $20 million, respectively. Included in amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 is a $9 million out-of-period adjustment related to capitalized software. Amortization expense for intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $28 million for each of the next five years.
 
9  Debt
 
In March 2008, the Company entered into a new credit agreement (the “2008 Credit Agreement”) that provides for a $150 million term loan facility. In January 2007, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2007 Credit Agreement”) that provides for a $500 million term loan facility and $600 million in revolving facilities, which


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
include both a letter of credit and a swingline subfacility. Both credit agreements mature on January 11, 2012 and require no scheduled prepayments before that date. The outstanding portions of the revolving facilities have been classified as short-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets due to the fact that the Company utilizes the revolving line of credit to fund its working capital needs. It is the Company’s intention to pay the outstanding revolving line of credit balance during the subsequent twelve months following the respective period end date.
 
The interest rates applicable to the 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements are, at the Company’s option, equal to either the base rate (which is the higher of the prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 1/2%) or the applicable 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 month LIBOR rate, in each case, plus an interest rate margin based upon the Company’s leverage ratio, which can range between 33 basis points and 137.5 basis points for LIBOR rate loans and range between zero basis points and 37.5 basis points for base rate loans. The 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements require that the Company comply with an interest coverage ratio test of not less than 3.50:1 and a leverage ratio test of not more than 3.25:1 for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, respectively. In addition, the 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements include negative covenants that are customary for investment grade credit facilities. The 2008 and 2007 Credit Agreements also contain certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. As of December 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
 
In October 2008, the Company utilized cash balances associated with the effective liquidation of certain foreign legal entities into the U.S. to voluntarily prepay the $150 million term loan under the 2008 Credit Agreement. The Company prepaid the term loan in order to reduce interest expense and there was no penalty for prepaying the term loan. The repayment of the term loan effectively terminated all lending arrangements under the 2008 Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company utilized these cash balances to voluntarily repay $340 million of revolving outstanding debt under the 2007 Credit Agreement. The Company prepaid debt in order to reduce future interest expense since the yield on the Company’s existing cash and short-term investments had declined significantly. There were no penalties for prepaying this debt.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $500 million borrowed under the 2007 Credit Agreement and an amount available to borrow of $599 million after outstanding letters of credit. At December 31, 2008, $500 million of the total debt was classified as long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had $865 million borrowed under the 2007 Credit Agreement and an amount available to borrow of $233 million after outstanding letters of credit. At December 31, 2007, $500 million of the total debt was classified as long-term debt and $365 million classified as short-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets. The weighted-average interest rates applicable to these borrowings were 2.43% and 5.67% at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
The Company, and its foreign subsidiaries, also had available short-term lines of credit, totaling $88 million at December 31, 2008 and $99 million at December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, related short-term borrowings were $36 million at a weighted-average interest rate of 2.18% and $19 million at a weighted-average interest rate of 3.30%, respectively.
 
10  Income Taxes
 
Income tax data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
The components of income from operations before income taxes are as follows:
                       
Domestic
  $ (6,728 )   $ 1,638     $ 11,812  
Foreign
    378,920       321,554       251,147  
                         
Total
  $ 372,192     $ 323,192     $ 262,959  
                         
 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
The current and deferred components of the provision for income taxes on operations are as follows:
                       
Current
  $ 64,837     $ 62,126     $ 46,883  
Deferred
    (15,124 )     (7,006 )     (6,124 )
                         
Total
  $ 49,713     $ 55,120     $ 40,759  
                         
The jurisdictional components of the provision for income taxes on operations are as follows:
                       
Federal
  $ 1,687     $ 10,239     $ 6,121  
State
    2,422       1,700       2,603  
Foreign
    45,604       43,181       32,035  
                         
Total
  $ 49,713     $ 55,120     $ 40,759  
                         
The differences between income taxes computed at the United States statutory rate and the provision for income taxes are summarized as follows:
                       
Federal tax computed at U.S. statutory income tax rate
  $ 130,267     $ 113,117     $ 92,036  
Extraterritorial income exclusion
                (2,676 )
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit
    1,575       1,105       1,692  
Net effect of foreign operations
    (82,200 )     (59,395 )     (49,568 )
Other, net
    71       293       (725 )
                         
Provision for income taxes
  $ 49,713     $ 55,120     $ 40,759  
                         
 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
                 
    December 31  
    2008     2007  
 
The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards which give rise to deferred tax assets and deferred tax (liabilities) are summarized as follows:
               
Deferred tax assets:
               
Net operating losses and credits
  $ 100,795     $ 107,362  
Depreciation and capitalized software
    5,846       3,824  
Amortization
    776       2,106  
Stock-based compensation
    19,580       13,192  
Deferred compensation
    23,262       16,487  
Revaluation of equity investments
    11,336       11,458  
Inventory
    2,185       1,530  
Accrued liabilities and reserves
    13,463       9,787  
Other
    10,938       9,733  
                 
      188,181       175,479  
Valuation allowance
    (82,978 )     (81,639 )
                 
Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance
    105,203       93,840  
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Depreciation and capitalized software
    (5,526 )     (14,149 )
Amortization
    (5,686 )     (6,422 )
Indefinite lived intangibles
    (17,660 )     (16,604 )
Other
    (159 )     (119 )
                 
      (29,031 )     (37,294 )
                 
Net deferred tax assets
  $ 76,172     $ 56,546  
                 
 
Net deferred tax assets of $30 million and $24 million are included in other current assets and $46 million and $33 million are included in other assets at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
The Company’s deferred tax assets associated with net operating loss, tax credit carryforwards and alternative minimum tax credits are comprised of the following at December 31, 2008: $20 million ($50 million pre-tax) benefit of U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards that begin to expire in 2020 and 2009, respectively; $70 million in foreign tax credits, which begin to expire in 2009; $10 million in research and development credits that begin to expire in 2010; and $1 million ($5 million pre-tax) in foreign net operating losses, $1 million ($4 million pre-tax) of which do not expire under current law, the remainder of which begin to expire in 2009. The Company has excluded the benefit of $13 million ($35 million pre-tax) of U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards from the deferred tax asset balance at December 31, 2008. This amount represents an “excess tax benefit”, as the term is defined in SFAS No. 123(R), “Share Based Payment”, which will be recognized as a reduction to the Company’s accrued income taxes and an addition to its additional paid-in capital when it is realized in the Company’s tax returns.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company has provided a deferred tax valuation allowance of $83 million, principally against foreign tax credits ($70 million), certain foreign net operating losses and other deferred tax assets. The benefit relating to foreign tax credits and these other deferred tax assets, if realized, will be credited to additional paid-in capital.
 
The income tax benefits associated with non-qualified stock option compensation expense recognized for tax purposes and credited to additional paid-in capital were $7 million, $17 million and $17 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
At December 31, 2008, there were unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries of approximately $1.1 billion. The Company has not provided for U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on these earnings as it is the Company’s current intention to permanently reinvest these earnings outside the U.S.
 
In July 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48. FIN 48 prescribes the methodology by which a company must measure, report, present and disclose in its financial statements the effects of any uncertain tax return reporting positions that a company has taken or expects to take. FIN 48, which became effective on January 1, 2007, requires financial statement reporting of the expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax return reporting positions on the presumption that all relevant tax authorities possess full knowledge of those tax reporting positions, as well as all of the pertinent facts and circumstances, but it prohibits any discounting of any of the related tax effects for the time value of money. FIN 48 also mandates expanded financial statement disclosure about uncertainty in income tax reporting positions.
 
The Company implemented the methodology prescribed by FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. The Company recorded the effect of adopting FIN 48 with a $4 million charge to beginning retained earnings in the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2007. The 2008 and 2007 activity in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 
                 
    December 31  
    2008     2007  
 
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 68,463     $ 62,418  
Additions for tax positions of the current year
    8,832       6,045  
                 
Balance at end of period
  $ 77,295     $ 68,463  
                 
 
For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded increases of $9 million and $6 million, respectively, in unrecognized tax benefits via the income tax provision. Included in the income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2008 is an unrecorded tax benefit of $5 million that is associated with the reorganization of certain foreign entities in October 2008. In February 2009, the U.S. Treasury promulgated changes in income tax regulations that eliminate concerns with respect to the $5 million unrecognized tax benefit that was originally recorded in the third quarter of 2008 through the Company’s tax provision. Because these changes in income tax regulations were promulgated during the first quarter of 2009, the Company will record this $5 million item as a recognized tax benefit and, therefore, as a reduction of its income tax provision for the first quarter of 2009. If all of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits accrued as of December 31, 2008 were to become recognizable in the future, the Company would record a total reduction of approximately $76 million in the income tax provision. As of December 31, 2008, the Company believes $5 million of that total potential reduction may occur within the next twelve months.
 
The Company’s accounting policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the potential underpayment of income taxes, net of related tax effects, as a component of the income tax provision. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company included $1 million and $1 million ($2 million and $2 million pre-tax), respectively, of such interest expense, net of related tax benefits, and no income tax penalty expense in the income tax provision. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had accrued $5 million ($8 million pre-tax) and $4 million ($6 million pre-tax), respectively, of such estimated interest expense, net of related tax benefits. As of both December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had accrued no income tax penalty expense.
 
The Company’s uncertain tax positions are taken with respect to income tax return reporting periods beginning after December 31, 1999, which are the periods that remain generally open to income tax audit examination by the various income tax authorities that have jurisdiction over the Company’s income tax reporting for that period of time. The Company has monitored and will continue to monitor the lapsing of statutes of limitations on potential tax assessments for related changes in the measurement of unrecognized tax benefits, related net interest and penalties, and deferred tax assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2008, however, the Company does not expect to record any material changes in the measurement of unrecognized tax benefits, related net interest and penalties or deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the lapsing of statutes of limitations on potential tax assessments within the next twelve months.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The Company’s effective tax rates for years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were 13.4%, 17.1% and 15.5%, respectively. The 2008 effective tax rate includes a $5 million tax provision associated with the reorganization of certain foreign legal entities. This one-time provision increased the Company’s effective tax rate by 1.4 percentage points for 2008. The 2008 tax provision also contains out-of-period adjustments to correct errors relating to capitalized software amortization and the income tax provision. The $16 million tax benefit from the out-of-period adjustments reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 4.0 percentage points for 2008. The 2007 tax provision includes a $4 million tax benefit associated with a one-time contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan. The remaining decrease in the effective tax rate for 2008 as compared with 2007 is primarily attributable to proportionately greater growth in income in jurisdictions with comparatively lower effective tax rates. The net increase in the effective tax rate for 2007 as compared with 2006 is primarily attributable to increased net income in jurisdictions with comparatively higher tax rates.
 
11  Patent Litigation
 
The Company is involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes the outcome, if the plaintiff ultimately prevails, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position.
 
The Company has been engaged in ongoing patent litigation with Agilent Technologies GmbH in England, France and Germany. In January 2009, the French appeals court affirmed that the Company had infringed the Agilent Technologies GmbH patent and a judgment was issued against the Company. The Company has appealed this judgment. In the meantime, however, the Company has recorded a $7 million provision in 2008 for damages and fees estimated to be incurred in connection with this case. The accrued patent litigation expense is in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2008. No provision has been made for the German patent litigation and the Company believes the outcome, if the plaintiff ultimately prevails, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position.
 
12  Restructuring and Other Charges
 
In February 2006, the Company implemented a cost reduction plan, primarily affecting operations in the U.S. and Europe, which resulted in the employment of 74 employees being terminated, all of which had left the Company as of December 31, 2006. In addition, the Company closed a sales and demonstration office in the Netherlands in the second quarter of 2006. The Company implemented this cost reduction plan primarily to realign its operating costs with business opportunities around the world. The Company incurred $8 million of charges in 2006 related to the February 2006 initiative. The Company does not expect to incur any additional charges in connection with this cost reduction initiative. The Company’s restructuring liability included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet was less than $1 million at both December 31, 2008 and 2007.
 
13  Other Commitments and Contingencies
 
Lease agreements, expiring at various dates through 2026, cover buildings, office equipment and automobiles. Rental expense was $30 million, $23 million and $23 million during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Future minimum rents payable as of December 31, 2008 under non-cancelable leases with initial terms exceeding one year are as follows (in thousands):
 
         
2009
  $ 28,031  
2010
    17,931  
2011
    13,989  
2012
    10,057  
2013 and thereafter
    20,038  
 
The Company licenses certain technology and software from third parties, which expire at various dates through 2009. Fees paid for licenses were less than $1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. Future minimum license fees payable under existing license agreements as of December 31, 2008 are immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2009 and thereafter.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
In October 2008, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase land adjacent to its TA facility in Delaware for approximately $7 million. The Company plans to construct a new 150,000 square foot facility in 2009 that will consolidate TA’s existing Delaware operations and accommodate future expansion at a cost of approximately $26 million. In addition, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement with its existing Delaware landlord that requires the Company to pay a lease termination fee of approximately $5 million when the Company vacates the existing leased property. The Company expects to vacate the leased property in the second half of 2009 once the construction of the new facility is complete.
 
From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes it has meritorious arguments in its current litigation matters and any outcome, either individually or in the aggregate, will not be material to the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
The Company enters into standard indemnification agreements in its ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally the Company’s business partners or customers, in connection with patent, copyright or other intellectual property infringement claims by any third party with respect to its current products, as well as claims relating to property damage or personal injury resulting from the performance of services by the Company or its subcontractors. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. Historically, the Company’s costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims relating to such indemnity agreements have been minimal and management accordingly believes the estimated fair value of these agreements is immaterial.
 
14  Stock-Based Compensation
 
In May 2003, the Company’s shareholders approved the Company’s 2003 Equity Incentive Plan (“2003 Plan”). As of December 31, 2008, the 2003 Plan has 3.9 million shares available for granting in the form of incentive or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units or other types of awards. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options or restricted stock unit conversion. Under the 2003 Plan, the exercise price for stock options may not be less than the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant. The 2003 Plan is scheduled to terminate on March 4, 2013. Options generally will expire no later than 10 years after the date on which they are granted and will become exercisable as directed by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and generally vest in equal annual installments over a five-year period. A SAR may be granted alone or in conjunction with an option or other award. Shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units may be issued under the 2003 Plan for such consideration as is determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. No award of restricted stock may have a restriction period of less than three years except as may be recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, or with respect to any award of restricted stock which provides solely for a performance-based risk of forfeiture so long as such award has a restriction period of at least one year. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards outstanding.
 
In February 1996, the Company adopted its 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan under which eligible employees may contribute up to 15% of their earnings toward the quarterly purchase of the Company’s common stock. The plan makes available 1.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock commencing October 1, 1996. As of December 31, 2008, 0.9 million shares have been issued under the plan. Each plan period lasts three months beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year. The purchase price for each share of stock is the lesser of 90% of the market price on the first day of the plan period or 100% of the market price on the last day of the plan period. Stock-based compensation expense related to this plan was less than $1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
 
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation costs in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), which amends SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”, and SAB 107, “Share-Based Payment”. These standards require that all share-based payments to employees be recognized in the statements of operations based on their fair values. The Company recognizes the expense using the straight-line attribution method. The stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is based on awards that


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
ultimately are expected to vest; therefore, the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated based on historical experience. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and the Company’s results of operations could be materially impacted. In addition, if the Company employs different assumptions in the application of SFAS No. 123(R), the compensation expense that the Company records in the future periods may differ significantly from what the Company has recorded in the current period.
 
The consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 include the following stock-based compensation expense related to stock option awards, restricted stock, restricted stock unit awards and the employee stock purchase plan (in thousands):
 
                         
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Cost of sales
  $ 2,980     $ 3,352     $ 4,345  
Selling and administrative
    23,164       21,225       19,357  
Research and development
    4,638       4,278       5,111  
                         
Total stock-based compensation
  $ 30,782     $ 28,855     $ 28,813  
                         
 
As of both December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has capitalized stock-based compensation costs of less than $1 million to inventory in the consolidated balance sheets. As of both December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has capitalized stock-based compensation costs of $2 million to capitalized software in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
Stock Option Plans
 
In determining the fair value of the stock options, the Company makes a variety of assumptions and estimates, including volatility measures, expected yields and expected stock option lives. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company uses implied volatility on its publicly traded options as the basis for its estimate of expected volatility. The Company believes that implied volatility is the most appropriate indicator of expected volatility because it is generally reflective of historical volatility and expectations of how future volatility will differ from historical volatility. The expected life assumption for grants is based on historical experience for the population of non-qualified stock optionees. The risk- free interest rate is the yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term approximating the expected term used as the input to the Black-Scholes model.
 
The relevant data used to determine the value of the stock options granted in 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
 
                         
Options Issued and Significant Assumptions Used to Estimate Option Fair Values   2008     2007     2006  
 
Options issued in thousands
    583       516       572  
Risk-free interest rate
    2.1       3.8       4.5  
Expected life in years
    6.0       6.0       6.0  
Expected volatility
    .557       .291       .280  
Expected dividends
                 
 
                         
Weighted-average Exercise Price and Fair Values of Options on the Date of Grant
  2008     2007     2006  
 
Exercise price
  $ 42.91     $ 75.29     $ 48.64  
Fair value
  $ 22.69     $ 27.33     $ 18.08  
 
During 2008, 2007 and 2006, the total intrinsic value of the stock options exercised (i.e., the difference between the market price at exercise and the price paid by the employee to exercise the options) was $26 million, $98 million and $40 million, respectively. The total cash received from the exercise of these stock options was $25 million, $89 million and $37 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
As of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, there were $41 million, $51 million and $61 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock option awards. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.3 years.
 
The following table details the weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding at December 31, 2008 by range of exercise prices (in thousands, except per share data):
 
                                         
          Weighted
    Remaining
          Weighted
 
Exercise
  Number of Shares
    Average
    Contractual Life of
    Number of Shares
    Average
 
Price Range
  Outstanding     Exercise Price     Options Outstanding     Exercisable     Exercise Price  
 
$21.05 to $38.99
    2,912     $ 31.78       4.4       2,687     $ 31.19  
$39.00 to $59.99
    2,632     $ 46.33       7.2       1,362     $ 47.46  
$60.00 to $80.97
    1,291     $ 74.46       4.6       888     $ 72.91  
                                         
      6,835     $ 45.44       5.5       4,937     $ 43.18  
                                         
 
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the plans (in thousands, except per share data):
 
                         
                Weighted Average
 
    Number of Shares     Price per Share     Exercise Price  
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    7,097     $ 19.50 to $80.97     $ 43.93  
Granted
    583     $ 41.20 to $76.75     $ 42.91  
Exercised
    (825 )   $ 19.50 to $72.06     $ 30.57  
Cancelled
    (20 )   $ 32.12 to $72.06     $ 49.25  
                         
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
    6,835     $ 21.05 to $80.97     $ 45.44  
                         
 
The aggregate intrinsic value of the outstanding stock options at December 31, 2008 was $15 million. Options exercisable at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were 4.9 million, 4.7 million and 6.3 million, respectively. The weighted-average exercise prices of options exercisable at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $43.18, $40.77 and $37.43, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of the exercisable outstanding stock options at December 31, 2008 was 4.5 years.
 
At December 31, 2008, the Company had 6.7 million stock options which are vested and expected to vest. The intrinsic value, weighted-average price and remaining contractual life of the vested and expected to vest stock options were $15 million, $45.35 and 5.5 years, respectively, at December 31, 2008.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Restricted Stock
 
During each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company granted eight thousand shares of restricted stock. The restrictions on these shares lapse at the end of a three-year period. The Company has recorded less than $1 million of compensation expense in each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 related to the restricted stock grants. The weighted-average fair value on the grant date of the restricted stock for 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $76.75, $48.88 and $39.64, respectively. As of December 31, 2008, the Company has 24 thousand unvested shares of restricted stock outstanding with a total of $1 million of unrecognized compensation costs. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
The following table summarizes the unvested restricted stock unit award activity (in thousands, except per share data):
 
                 
          Weighted-Average
 
    Shares     Price  
 
Unvested at December 31, 2007
    489     $ 48.44  
Granted
    241     $ 60.37  
Vested
    (118 )   $ 47.46  
Forfeited
    (15 )   $ 49.22  
                 
Unvested at December 31, 2008
    597     $ 53.43  
                 
 
Restricted stock units are generally issued annually in February and vest in equal annual installments over a five-year period. The amount of compensation costs recognized for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 on the restricted stock units expected to vest were $8 million, $5 million and $2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2008, there were $23 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to the restricted stock unit awards that are expected to vest. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.4 years.
 
15  Earnings Per Share
 
Basic and diluted EPS calculations are detailed as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31, 2008  
          Weighted-Average
       
    Net Income
    Shares
    Per Share
 
    (Numerator)     (Denominator)     Amount  
 
Net income per basic common share
  $ 322,479       99,199     $ 3.25  
                         
Effect of dilutive stock option, restricted stock and restricted stock unit securities:
                       
Outstanding
            1,161          
Exercised and cancellations
            195          
                         
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 322,479       100,555     $ 3.21  
                         
 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31, 2007  
          Weighted-Average
       
    Net Income
    Shares
    Per Share
 
    (Numerator)     (Denominator)     Amount  
 
Net income per basic common share
  $ 268,072       100,500     $ 2.67  
                         
Effect of dilutive stock option, restricted stock and restricted stock unit securities:
                       
Outstanding
            1,445          
Exercised and cancellations
            560          
                         
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 268,072       102,505     $ 2.62  
                         
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31, 2006  
          Weighted-Average
       
    Net Income
    Shares
    Per Share
 
    (Numerator)     (Denominator)     Amount  
 
Net income per basic common share
  $ 222,200       102,691     $ 2.16  
                         
Effect of dilutive stock option, restricted stock and restricted stock unit securities:
                       
Outstanding
            1,217          
Exercised and cancellations
            332          
                         
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 222,200       104,240     $ 2.13  
                         
 
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company had 1.3 million, 0.9 million and 3.5 million stock option securities that were antidilutive, respectively, due to having higher exercise prices than the average price during the period. These securities were not included in the computation of diluted EPS. The effect of dilutive securities was calculated using the treasury stock method.
 
16  Comprehensive Income
 
Comprehensive income details follow (in thousands):
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Net income
  $ 322,479     $ 268,072     $ 222,200  
Foreign currency translation
    (53,704 )     26,276       27,072  
Net depreciation and realized losses on derivative instruments
    (798 )     (18,031 )     (16,269 )
Income tax benefit
    279       6,311       5,694  
                         
Net depreciation and realized losses on derivative instruments, net of tax
    (519 )     (11,720 )     (10,575 )
                         
Net foreign currency adjustments
    (54,223 )     14,556       16,497  
Unrealized losses on investments before income taxes
    (191 )     (1,294 )      
Income tax benefit
    67       453        
                         
Unrealized losses on investments, net of tax
    (124 )     (841 )      
Retirement liability adjustment, net of tax
    (20,466 )     8,852       4,210  
                         
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    (74,813 )     22,567       20,707  
                         
Comprehensive income
  $ 247,666     $ 290,639     $ 242,907  
                         

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
17  Retirement Plans
 
U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the Waters Employee Investment Plan, a 401(k) defined contribution plan, after one month of service. Employees may contribute from 1% to 30% of eligible pay on a pre-tax basis. Prior to the amendments described below, which became effective on January 1, 2008, the Company made matching contributions of 50% for contributions up to 6% of eligible pay after one year of service. Employees are 100% vested in employee and Company matching contributions. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company’s matching contributions amounted to $10 million, $4 million and $4 million, respectively.
 
U.S. employees were eligible to participate in the Waters Retirement Plan, a defined benefit, cash balance plan, after one year of service. Annually, the Company credited each employee’s account as a percentage of eligible pay based on years of service. In addition, each employee’s account is credited for investment returns at the beginning of each year for the prior year at the average 12 month Treasury Bill rate plus 0.5%, limited to a minimum rate of 5% and a maximum rate of 10%. An employee does not vest until the completion of five years of service, at which time the employee becomes 100% vested. The Company maintains an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan, the Waters Retirement Restoration Plan, which is non-qualified and restores the benefits under the Waters Retirement Plan that are limited by IRS benefit and compensation maximums.
 
In September 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors approved various amendments to freeze the pay credit accrual under the Waters Retirement Plan and the Waters Retirement Restoration Plan (the “U.S. Pension Plans”) effective December 31, 2007. In accordance with SFAS No. 88, “Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits”, the Company recorded a curtailment gain of $1 million. In addition, the Company re-measured the U.S. Pension Plans’ liabilities in September 2007 and the Company reduced the projected benefit obligation liability by $7 million with a corresponding adjustment, net of tax, to accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of the curtailment reducing the accrual for future service.
 
The Company’s Board of Directors also approved a $13 million payment that was contributed to the Waters Employee Investment Plan in the first quarter of 2008. The $13 million of expense was reduced by a curtailment gain of $1 million, relating to various amendments to freeze the pay credit accrual, resulting in $12 million of expense recorded in the consolidated statements of operations in the year ending December 31, 2007 with $3 million included in cost of sales, $7 million included in selling and administrative expenses and $2 million included in research and development expenses. In addition, effective January 1, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the employer matching contribution in the Waters Employee Investment Plan to 100% for contributions up to 6% of eligible pay, an increase of 3%, and eliminated the one-year service requirement to be eligible for matching contributions.
 
The Company also sponsors other unfunded employee benefit plans in the U.S., including a retirement healthcare plan which provides reimbursement for medical expenses and is contributory. There are various non-U.S. retirement plans sponsored by the Company. The eligibility and vesting of the non-U.S. plans are generally consistent with the local laws and regulations.
 
On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 158, “Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans”, which amends SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”, SFAS No. 88, SFAS No. 106, “Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions”, and SFAS No. 132(R). This standard requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement defined benefit plans, which was only disclosed in the footnotes to the financial statements prior to 2006, as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income.
 
The net periodic pension cost under SFAS No. 87 is made up of several components that reflect different aspects of the Company’s financial arrangements as well as the cost of benefits earned by employees. These components are determined using the projected unit credit actuarial cost method and are based on certain actuarial assumptions. The Company’s accounting policy is to reflect in the projected benefit obligation all benefit changes to which the Company is committed as of the current valuation date; use a market-related value of assets to determine pension expense; amortize increases in prior service costs on a straight-line basis over the expected future service of


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
active participants as of the date such costs are first recognized; and amortize cumulative actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the larger of the market-related value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation over the expected future service of active participants.
 
Summary data for the U.S. Pension Plans, the U.S. retirement healthcare plan and the Company’s non-U.S. retirement plans are presented in the following tables, using the measurement date of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
The summary of the projected benefit obligations at December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Projected benefit obligation, January 1
  $ 92,311     $ 5,416     $ 21,716     $ 91,413     $ 4,941     $ 21,084  
Service cost
    91       691       1,502       7,122       658       1,224  
Interest cost
    5,944       329       885       5,271       277       815  
Plan amendments
                      (6,448 )            
Employee rollovers
    1,402                   77              
Actuarial losses (gains)
    2,227       230       (626 )     (3,016 )     (162 )     (1,279 )
Disbursements
    (3,639 )     (318 )     (673 )     (2,108 )     (298 )     (1,476 )
Currency Impact
                1,002                   1,348  
                                                 
Projected benefit obligation, December 31
  $ 98,336     $ 6,348     $ 23,806     $ 92,311     $ 5,416     $ 21,716  
                                                 
 
The summary of the accumulated benefit obligations at December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Accumulated benefit obligation
  $ 98,022       *   $ 18,140     $ 91,989       *   $ 17,133  
 
 
* Not applicable.
 
The summary of the fair value of the plan assets at December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Fair value of assets, January 1
  $ 79,544     $ 2,134     $ 11,283     $ 69,380     $ 1,753     $ 10,750  
Actual return on plan assets
    (23,310 )     (368 )     (95 )     7,886       92       622  
Company contributions
    4,459       175       1,011       4,309       189       1,016  
Employee contributions
          460                   398        
Disbursements
    (3,639 )     (318 )     (673 )     (2,108 )     (298 )     (1,476 )
Employee rollovers
    1,402                   77              
Currency Impact
                (1,457 )                 371  
                                                 
Fair value of assets, December 31
  $ 58,456     $ 2,083     $ 10,069     $ 79,544     $ 2,134     $ 11,283  
                                                 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The summary of the funded status of the plans at December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Projected benefit obligation
  $ (98,336 )   $ (6,348 )   $ (23,806 )   $ (92,311 )   $ (5,416 )   $ (21,716 )
Fair value of plan assets
    58,456       2,083       10,069       79,544       2,134       11,283  
                                                 
Projected benefit obligation in excess of fair value of plan assets
  $ (39,880 )   $ (4,265 )   $ (13,737 )   $ (12,767 )   $ (3,282 )   $ (10,433 )
                                                 
 
The summary of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets for the plans at December 31, 2008 and 2007 under SFAS No. 158 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Long-term assets
  $     $     $ 2,589     $     $     $ 2,467  
Current liabilities
    (54 )           (56 )     (59 )           (46 )
Long-term liabilities
    (39,826 )     (4,265 )     (16,270 )     (12,708 )     (3,282 )     (12,854 )
                                                 
Net amount recognized at December 31
  $ (39,880 )   $ (4,265 )   $ (13,737 )   $ (12,767 )   $ (3,282 )   $ (10,433 )
                                                 
 
The summary of the components of net periodic pension costs for the plans for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                                         
    2008     2007     2006  
          U.S.
                U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Service cost
  $ 91     $ 231     $ 1,502     $ 7,122     $ 260     $ 1,224     $ 7,916     $ 273     $ 1,137  
Interest cost
    5,944       329       885       5,271       277       815       4,529       241       687  
Return on plan assets
    (6,128 )     (156 )     (432 )     (5,427 )     (127 )     (400 )     (4,695 )     (95 )     (328 )
Net amortization:
                                                                       
Prior service (cost) or credit
    148       (54 )           (55 )     (53 )           (82 )     (54 )      
Net actuarial loss (gain)
    86             (27 )     613             20       1,234             13  
Curtailment gain
                      (466 )                              
                                                                         
Net periodic pension cost
  $ 141     $ 350     $ 1,928     $ 7,058     $ 357     $ 1,659     $ 8,902     $ 365     $ 1,509  
                                                                         
 
The summary of the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity for the plans at December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Net (loss) or gain
  $ (36,863 )   $ (740 )   $ (699 )   $ (5,285 )   $ 14     $ 30  
Prior service (cost) or credit
    (148 )     321             (295 )     374        
                                                 
Total
  $ (37,011 )   $ (419 )   $ (699 )   $ (5,580 )   $ 388     $ 30  
                                                 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The summary of the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be included in next year’s net periodic benefit cost for the plans at December 31, 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
 
                         
    2008  
          U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Net loss
  $ 392     $ 11     $ 21  
Prior service cost or (credit)
    148       (54 )      
                         
Total
  $ 540     $ (43 )   $ 21  
                         
 
The plans’ investment asset mix is as follow at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
 
                                                 
    2008     2007  
          U.S.
                U.S.
       
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
    U.S.
    Retirement
    Non-U.S.
 
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
    Pension
    Healthcare
    Pension
 
    Plans     Plan     Plans     Plans     Plan     Plans  
 
Equity securities
    58 %     41 %     0 %     72 %     56 %     0 %
Debt securities
    34 %     21 %     2 %     26 %     23 %     2 %
Cash and cash equivalents
    4 %     38 %     0 %     2 %     21 %     0 %
Other
    4 %     0 %     98 %     0 %     0 %     98 %
                                                 
Total
    100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %
                                                 
 
The plans’ investment policies include the following asset allocation guidelines:
 
                     
    U.S. Pension and U.S.
  Non-U.S.
 
    Retirement Healthcare Plans   Pension Plans
 
    Policy Target     Range   Policy Target  
 
Equity securities
    65 %   40% - 80%     0 %
Debt securities
    25 %   20% - 60%     2 %
Cash and cash equivalents
    0 %   0% - 20%     0 %
Other
    10 %   0% - 10%     98 %
 
The asset allocation policy for the U.S. Pension Plans and U.S. retirement healthcare plan was developed in consideration of the following long-term investment objectives: achieving a return on assets consistent with the investment policy, maximizing portfolio returns with at least a return of 2.5% above the one-year Treasury Bill rate and achieving portfolio returns which exceeds the average return for similarly invested funds.
 
Within the equity portfolio of the U.S. retirement plans, investments are diversified among market capitalization and investment strategy. Up to 20% of the U.S. retirement plans’ equity portfolio may be invested in financial markets outside of the United States. The Company does not invest in its own stock within the U.S. retirement plans’ assets.
 
The Company prohibits the following types of assets or transactions in the U.S. retirement plans: short selling, margin transactions, commodities and future contracts, private placements, options and letter stock.
 
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
 
                                                 
    2008   2007   2006
    U.S.   Non-U.S.   U.S.   Non-U.S.   U.S.   Non-U.S.
 
Discount rate
    6.38 %     3.65 %     6.40 %     4.12 %     5.82 %     3.84 %
Increases in compensation levels
    4.75 %     3.21 %     4.75 %     3.24 %     4.75 %     2.99 %


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the pension cost at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
 
                                                 
    2008     2007     2006  
    U.S.     Non-U.S.     U.S.     Non-U.S.     U.S.     Non-U.S.  
 
Discount rate
    6.40 %     4.12 %     5.94 %     3.84 %     5.50 %     3.59 %
Return on assets
    8.00 %     4.03 %     7.97 %     3.80 %     7.97 %     3.48 %
Increases in compensation levels
    4.75 %     3.24 %     4.75 %     2.99 %     4.75 %     2.89 %
 
To develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption, the Company considered the historical returns and the future expectations for returns for each asset class, as well as the target asset allocation of the pension portfolio and historical expenses paid by the plan. A one-quarter percentage point increase in the discount rate would decrease the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for the Waters Retirement Plan by less than $1 million. A one-quarter percentage point increase in the assumed long-term rate of return would decrease the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for the Waters Retirement Plan by less than $1 million.
 
During fiscal year 2009, the Company expects to contribute approximately $7 million to $11 million to the Company’s defined benefit plans.
 
Estimated future benefit payments as of December 31, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
 
                         
          Non-U.S.
       
    U.S. Pension and
    Pension
       
    Retirement Healthcare Plans     Plans     Total  
 
2009
  $ 3,760     $ 212     $ 3,972  
2010
    3,856       765       4,621  
2011
    4,729       849       5,578  
2012
    4,785       634       5,419  
2013
    5,217       885       6,102  
2014 - 2018
    40,937       6,627       47,564  
 
18  Business Segment Information
 
SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information for those segments to be presented in interim financial reports of public business enterprises. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company’s business activities, for which discrete financial information is available, are regularly reviewed and evaluated by the chief operating decision makers. As a result of this evaluation, the Company determined that it has two operating segments: Waters Division and TA Division.
 
Waters Division is in the business of designing, manufacturing, distributing and servicing LC and MS instruments, columns and other chemistry consumables that can be integrated and used along with other analytical instruments. TA Division is in the business of designing, manufacturing, distributing and servicing thermal analysis, rheometry and calorimetry instruments. The Company’s two divisions are its operating segments and each has similar economic characteristics; product processes; products and services; types and classes of customers; methods of distribution and regulatory environments. Because of these similarities, the two segments have been aggregated into one reporting segment for financial statement purposes. Please refer to the consolidated financial statements for financial information regarding the one reportable segment of the Company.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Net sales for the Company’s products and services are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
 
                         
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Product net sales
                       
Waters instrument systems
  $ 767,122     $ 742,045     $ 658,457  
Chemistry
    243,855       223,593       180,519  
TA instrument systems
    128,909       121,954       97,293  
                         
Total product net sales
    1,139,886       1,087,592       936,269  
                         
Service net sales
                       
Waters service
    398,409       356,544       320,895  
TA service
    36,829       28,912       23,065  
                         
Total service net sales
    435,238       385,456       343,960  
                         
Total net sales
  $ 1,575,124     $ 1,473,048     $ 1,280,229  
                         
 
Geographic sales information is presented below (in thousands):
 
                         
Year Ended December 31
  2008     2007     2006  
 
Net Sales:
                       
United States
  $ 476,301     $ 473,322     $ 405,632  
Europe
    545,620       511,973       437,088  
Japan
    151,685       134,757       135,791  
Asia
    291,639       246,587       205,440  
Other
    109,879       106,409       96,278  
                         
Total consolidated sales
  $ 1,575,124     $ 1,473,048     $ 1,280,229  
                         
 
The Other category includes Canada, Latin America and Puerto Rico. Net sales are attributable to geographic areas based on the region of destination. None of the Company’s individual customers accounts for more than 3% of annual Company sales.
 
Long-lived assets information is presented below (in thousands):
 
                 
December 31
  2008     2007  
 
Long-lived assets:
               
United States
  $ 129,324     $ 115,698  
Europe
    33,243       37,991  
Japan
    1,943       1,364  
Asia
    5,679       4,306  
Other
    1,399       1,497  
                 
Total long-lived assets
  $ 171,588     $ 160,856  
                 
 
The Other category includes Canada, Latin America and Puerto Rico. Long-lived assets exclude goodwill, other intangible assets and other assets.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
19  Unaudited Quarterly Results
 
The Company’s unaudited quarterly results are summarized below (in thousands, except per share data):
 
                                         
    First
    Second
    Third
    Fourth
       
2008
  Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Total  
 
Net sales
  $ 371,712     $ 398,771     $ 386,310     $ 418,331     $ 1,575,124  
Cost of sales
    155,451       175,232       158,520       172,063       661,266  
                                         
Gross Profit
    216,261       223,539       227,790       246,268       913,858  
Selling and administrative expenses
    105,837       111,935       107,463       101,464       426,699  
Research and development expenses
    19,786       22,228       19,946       19,628       81,588  
Purchased intangibles amortization
    2,272       2,352       2,349       2,317       9,290  
Litigation provision
                      6,527       6,527  
                                         
Operating Income
    88,366       87,024       98,032       116,332       389,754  
Interest expense
    (11,157 )     (9,807 )     (10,570 )     (6,987 )     (38,521 )
Interest income
    6,913       4,952       6,028       3,066       20,959  
                                         
Income from operations before income taxes
    84,122       82,169       93,490       112,411       372,192  
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)
    15,647       (979 )     21,987       13,058       49,713  
                                         
Net Income
  $ 68,475     $ 83,148     $ 71,503     $ 99,353     $ 322,479  
                                         
Net income per basic common share
  $ 0.68     $ 0.83     $ 0.72     $ 1.01     $ 3.25  
Weighted-average number of basic common shares
    100,401       99,586       98,891       98,029       99,199  
                                         
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 0.67     $ 0.82     $ 0.71     $ 1.01     $ 3.21  
Weighted-average number of diluted common shares and equivalents
    101,983       101,035       100,566       98,821       100,555  
                                         
 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
                                         
    First
    Second
    Third
    Fourth
       
2007
  Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Total  
 
Net sales
  $ 330,777     $ 352,630     $ 352,638     $ 437,003     $ 1,473,048  
Cost of sales
    143,232       152,219       153,679       181,992       631,122  
                                         
Gross Profit
    187,545       200,411       198,959       255,011       841,926  
Selling and administrative expenses
    93,907       102,223       105,577       101,996       403,703  
Research and development expenses
    18,722       19,115       21,974       20,838       80,649  
Purchased intangibles amortization
    2,125       2,133       2,176       2,261       8,695  
                                         
Operating Income
    72,791       76,940       69,232       129,916       348,879  
Interest expense
    (13,188 )     (13,335 )     (14,783 )     (15,209 )     (56,515 )
Interest income
    6,353       6,939       8,061       9,475       30,828  
                                         
Income from operations before income taxes
    65,956       70,544       62,510       124,182       323,192  
Provision for income taxes
    10,019       10,635       9,227       25,239       55,120  
                                         
Net Income
  $ 55,937     $ 59,909     $ 53,283     $ 98,943     $ 268,072  
                                         
Net income per basic common share
  $ 0.55     $ 0.60     $ 0.53     $ 0.98     $ 2.67  
Weighted-average number of basic common shares
    101,416       100,327       99,821       100,689       100,500  
                                         
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 0.54     $ 0.59     $ 0.52     $ 0.96     $ 2.62  
Weighted-average number of diluted common shares and equivalents
    103,198       102,130       101,712       102,778       102,505  
                                         
 
The Company experiences an increase in sales in the fourth quarter, as a result of purchasing habits on capital goods of customers that tend to exhaust their spending budgets by calendar year end. Selling and administrative expenses are typically higher in the second and third quarters over the first quarter in each year as the Company’s annual payroll merit increases take effect. Selling and administrative expenses will vary in the fourth quarter in relation to performance in the quarter and for the year. In the second quarter of 2008, the Company recorded out-of-period adjustments related to capitalized software amortization and the income tax provision (Note 3). In the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a $5 million tax provision associated with the reorganization of certain foreign legal entities (Note 10). In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a $7 million provision related to ongoing litigation (Note 11). In the third quarter of 2007, the Company recorded a $12 million expense related to the contribution into the Waters Employee Investment Plan, which was made in the first quarter of 2008 (Note 17).

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The following table sets forth selected historical consolidated financial and operating data for the periods indicated. The statement of operations and balance sheet data is derived from audited financial statements for the years 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004. The Company’s financial statements as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 are included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, in Part II of this Form 10-K.
 
                                         
In thousands, except per share and employees data   2008*     2007*     2006*     2005     2004  
 
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
                                       
Net sales
  $ 1,575,124     $ 1,473,048     $ 1,280,229     $ 1,158,236     $ 1,104,536  
Income from operations before income taxes
  $ 372,192     $ 323,192     $ 262,959     $ 274,563     $ 285,671  
Net income
  $ 322,479     $ 268,072     $ 222,200     $ 201,975     $ 224,053  
Net income per basic common share:
                                       
Net income per basic common share
  $ 3.25     $ 2.67     $ 2.16     $ 1.77     $ 1.87  
Weighted-average number of basic common shares
    99,199       100,500       102,691       114,023       119,640  
Net income per diluted common share:
                                       
Net income per diluted common share
  $ 3.21     $ 2.62     $ 2.13     $ 1.74     $ 1.82  
Weighted- average number of diluted common shares and equivalents
    100,555       102,505       104,240       115,945       123,069  
BALANCE SHEET AND OTHER DATA:
                                       
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
  $ 428,522     $ 693,014     $ 514,166     $ 493,588     $ 539,077  
Working capital**
  $ 666,796     $ 578,628     $ 313,846     $ 309,101     $ 480,894  
Total assets
  $ 1,622,898     $ 1,881,055     $ 1,617,313     $ 1,428,931     $ 1,460,426  
Long-term debt, including current maturities
  $ 500,000     $ 500,000     $ 500,000     $ 500,000     $ 250,000  
Stockholders’ equity**
  $ 661,005     $ 586,076     $ 362,383     $ 283,632     $ 678,686  
Employees
    5,033       4,956       4,687       4,503       4,271  
 
 
* As a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) as of January 1, 2006, all share-based payments to employees have been recognized in the statements of operations based on their fair values. The Company adopted the modified prospective transition method permitted under SFAS No. 123(R) and, consequently, has not adjusted results from prior years. Stock-based compensation expense related to SFAS No. 123(R) was $31 million, $29 million and $29 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
** As result of the adoption of SFAS No. 158 as of December 31, 2006, the Company was required to recognize the underfunded status of the Company’s retirement plans as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet. Prior to 2006, a significant portion of the Company’s retirement contribution accrual was classified in other current liabilities and included in working capital. In 2006, in accordance with SFAS No. 158, the majority of the retirement contribution accrual is included in the long-term retirement liability. Also, as result of the adoption SFAS No. 158, stockholders’ equity decreased by $2 million after-tax.
 
** As a result of the adoption of FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007, the Company is required to measure, report, present and disclose in its financial statements the effects of any uncertain tax return reporting positions that a company has taken or expects to take. Prior to January 1, 2007, these amounts were included in accrued income taxes in current liabilities. On January 1, 2007, the Company recorded the effect of adopting FIN 48 which included a $4 million charge to beginning retained earnings and a $58 million reclassification from accrued income taxes, which was included in working capital, to the long-term income tax liability in the consolidated balance sheet.


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Item 9:   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
None.
 
Item 9A:   Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer (principal executive and principal financial officer), with the participation of management, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2008 and (1) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure and (2) designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
See Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting in Item 8 on page 36 of this Form 10-K.
 
Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
See report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in Item 8 on page 37 of this Form 10-K.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in the evaluation discussed above (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B:   Other Information
 
None.
 
PART III
 
Item 10:   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Goverance
 
Information regarding the Company’s directors is contained in the definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the headings “Election of Directors”, “Directors and Executive Officers” and “Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.” Information regarding compliance Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading “Section 16(A) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.” Information regarding the Company’s Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert is contained in the definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading “Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors”. Such information is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding the Company’s executive officers is contained in Part I of this Form 10-K.
 
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all of the Company’s employees (including its executive officers) and directors and that is in compliance with Item 406 of Regulation S-K. The Code has been distributed to all employees of the Company. In addition, the Code is available on the Company’s website, www.waters.com, under the caption “Governance”. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding any amendment to, or waiver of a provision of, the Code applicable to any executive officer or director by posting such information on such website. The Company shall also provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of the Code. Any such request must be made in writing to the Secretary of the Company, c/o Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757.


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The Company’s corporate governance guidelines and the charters of the audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board of Directors are available on the Company’s website, www.waters.com, under the caption Governance. The Company shall provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of any of the foregoing materials. Any such request must be made in writing to the Secretary of the Company, c/o Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757.
 
As required by Section 303A.12(a) of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) Listed Company Manual, the Company has filed the 2007 Domestic Company Section 303A Annual CEO Certification with the NYSE and there were no qualifications. This certifies that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is not aware of any violation by the Company of the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. The Company has also filed the Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 Certifications regarding the quality of the Company’s public disclosure with this Form 10-K and with the Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007.
 
Item 11:   Executive Compensation
 
This information is contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” And “Compensation and Management Development Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 12:   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
Except for the Equity Compensation Plan information set forth below, this information is contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.” Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Equity Compensation Plan Information
 
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2008 about the Company’s common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants, and rights under its existing equity compensation plans (in thousands):
 
                         
    A     B     C  
                Number of Securities
 
    Number of Securities
          Remaining Available for
 
    to be Issued Upon
    Weighted-Average
    Future Issuance Under
 
    Exercise of
    Exercise Price of
    Equity Compensation
 
    Outstanding Options,
    Outstanding Options,
    Plans (excluding securities
 
    Warrants and Rights     Warrants and Rights     reflected in column (A))  
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
    6,835     $ 45.44       3,911  
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
                 
                         
Total
    6,835     $ 45.44       3,911  
                         
 
Item 13:   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
 
This information is contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading “Directors and Executive Officers” And “Corporate Governance”. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 14:   Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
This information is contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading “Proposal 4 Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors”. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.


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PART IV
 
Item 15:   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a) Documents filed as part of this report:
 
(1) Financial Statements:
 
The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries are filed as part of this Form 10-K and are set forth on pages 38 to 72. The report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, dated February 27, 2009, is set forth on page 37 of this Form 10-K.
 
(2) Financial Statement Schedule:
 
None.
 
(3) Exhibits:
 
         
Exhibit
   
Number
 
Description of Document
 
  3 .1   Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Waters Corporation.(1)
  3 .11   Certificate of Amendment of Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Waters Corporation, as amended May 12, 1999.(4)
  3 .12   Certificate of Amendment of Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Waters Corporation, as amended July 27, 2000.(7)
  3 .13   Certificate of Amendment of Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Waters Corporation, as amended May 25, 2001.(9)
  3 .21   Amended and Restated Bylaws of Waters Corporation dated as of December 13, 2006.(18)
  4 .1   Rights Agreement dated August 9, 2002, between the Waters Corporation and Equiserve Trust Co.(11)
  4 .2   Amendment to Rights Agreement, dated as of March 4, 2005, between Waters Corporation and The Bank of New York as Rights Agent.(16)
  10 .3   Waters Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1996 Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan.(6)(*)
  10 .4   Waters Corporation 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.(2)(*)
  10 .5   Amended and Restated Waters Corporation 1996 Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, Effective January 1, 2008.(*)
  10 .6   Waters Corporation Amended and Restated 1996 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan.(6)(*)
  10 .10   Waters Corporation Retirement Plan.(3)(*)
  10 .17   First Amendment to the Waters Corporation 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(13)(*)
  10 .27   Form of Director Stock Option Agreement under the Waters Corporation Amended 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(14)(*)
  10 .28   Form of Director Restricted Stock Agreement under the Waters Corporation Amended 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(14)(*)
  10 .29   Form of Executive Officer Stock Option Agreement under the Waters Corporation Amended 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(14)(*)
  10 .31   First Amendment to the Waters Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1996 Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan.(10)(*)
  10 .32   Form of Amendment to Stock Option Agreement under the Waters Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1996 Long Term Performance Incentive Plan.(15)(*)
  10 .34   Waters Corporation 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(12)(*)
  10 .35   Form of Executive Officer Stock Option Agreement under the Waters Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1996 Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan.(15)(*)
  10 .36   2008 Waters Corporation Management Incentive Plan.(*)
  10 .38   Second Amendment to the Waters Corporation 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(17)(*)
  10 .41   December 1999 Amendment to the Waters Corporation 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.(5)(*)


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Exhibit
   
Number
 
Description of Document
 
  10 .42   March 2000 Amendment to the Waters Corporation 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.(5)(*)
  10 .43   June 1999 Amendment to the Waters Corporation 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.(8)(*)
  10 .44   July 2000 Amendment to the Waters Corporation 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.(8)(*)
  10 .46   Second Amendment to the Waters Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1996 Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan.(18)(*)
  10 .47   Five Year Credit Agreement, dated January 11, 2007 among Waters Corporation, Waters Technologies Ireland Limited, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., JP Morgan Europe and other Lenders party thereto.(18)
  10 .48   Third Amendment to the Waters Corporation 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(18)(*)
  10 .49   Amended and Restated Waters Retirement Restoration Plan, Effective January 1, 2008.(*)
  10 .50   Amended and Restated Waters 401(k) Restoration Plan, Effective January 1, 2008.(19)(*)
  10 .53   Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2008 between Waters Corporation and Mark T. Beaudouin.(20)(*)
  10 .54   Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2008 between Waters Corporation and Douglas A. Berthiaume.(20)(*)
  10 .55   Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2008 between Waters Corporation and Arthur G. Caputo.(20)(*)
  10 .56   Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2008 between Waters Corporation and William J. Curry.(20)(*)
  10 .57   Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2008 between Waters Corporation and John Ornell.(20)(*)
  10 .58   Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2008 between Waters Corporation and Elizabeth B. Rae.(20)(*)
  10 .59   Term Credit Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2008 among Waters Corporation, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and other lenders party thereto.(21)
  21 .1   Subsidiaries of Waters Corporation.
  23 .1   Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm.
  31 .1   Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  31 .2   Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32 .1   Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32 .2   Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 29, 1996 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of the Registrant’s 1996 Proxy Statement (File No. 001-14010).
 
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-96934).
 
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated August 11, 1999 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(5) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 30, 2000 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(6) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2000 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(7) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated August 8, 2000 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(8) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 27, 2001 (File No. 001-14010).

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(9) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 28, 2002 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(10) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated August 12, 2002 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(11) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 8-A12B/A dated August 27, 2002 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(12) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form S-8 dated November 20, 2003 (File No. 333-110613).
 
(13) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 12, 2004 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(14) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated November 10, 2004 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(15) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 15, 2005 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(16) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated May 6, 2005 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(17) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated August 5, 2005 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(18) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated March 1, 2007 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(19) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated November 2, 2007 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(20) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K dated February 29, 2008 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(21) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q dated May 2, 2008 (File No. 001-14010).
 
(*) Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an Exhibit to this Form 10-K.
 
(b) See Item 15 (a) (3) above.
 
(c) Not Applicable.


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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Waters Corporation
 
   
/s/  John Ornell
John Ornell
Vice President, Finance and
Administration and Chief Financial Officer
 
Date: February 27, 2009
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 27, 2009.
 
         
     
/s/  Douglas A. Berthiaume

Douglas A. Berthiaume
  Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
     
/s/  John Ornell

John Ornell
  Vice President, Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
     
/s/  Joshua Bekenstein

Joshua Bekenstein
  Director
     
/s/  Dr. Michael J. Berendt

Dr. Michael J. Berendt
  Director
     
/s/  Edward Conard

Edward Conard
  Director
     
/s/  Dr. Laurie H. Glimcher

Dr. Laurie H. Glimcher
  Director
     
/s/  Christopher A. Kuebler

Christopher A. Kuebler
  Director
     
/s/  William J. Miller

William J. Miller
  Director
     
/s/  JoAnn A. Reed

JoAnn A. Reed
  Director
     
/s/  Thomas P. Salice

Thomas P. Salice
  Director


79