Index supplement to the prospectus dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus supplement dated April 13, 2023, the product supplement no. 3 - I dated April 13, 2023 and the underlying supplement no. 14 - I dated April 13, 2023. The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Registration Statement Nos. 333 - 270004 and 333 - 270004 - 01 Dated October 9, 2023 Rule 424(b)(3) Hypothetical and Actual Historical Monthly and Annual Returns  Backtested using proxies  Backtested  Actual Year Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan 0.50% 0.01% 0.49% 2007 0.84% 4.85% 1.70% - 3.78% - 1.94% - 0.79% - 1.25% 0.65% 0.09% - 0.57% - 0.76% 1.61% 1.27% 2008 12.31% 0.12% 1.98% - 0.38% 3.50% 1.21% 3.79% - 0.24% 3.36% 0.97% 0.73% - 0.64% - 2.55% 2009 9.95% 1.01% - 1.22% 0.34% 0.98% 2.65% 2.22% 1.33% - 2.44% 1.88% 1.84% 0.61% 0.43% 2010 8.10% 1.20% 0.20% 1.01% - 0.18% 1.23% 2.49% - 1.06% - 1.75% 2.05% - 0.14% 2.12% 0.74% 2011 4.74% 0.25% - 1.26% 0.06% - 0.07% 0.23% 2.35% 1.56% - 1.04% 1.35% - 0.69% 0.53% 1.44% 2012 4.71% 1.39% 1.07% 1.61% 1.59% - 1.88% 0.85% - 0.89% - 3.15% 1.75% 1.22% 0.23% 0.97% 2013 7.27% 0.30% 1.23% 1.15% - 2.69% 2.67% - 0.76% 2.10% 1.51% 0.84% 0.19% 2.11% - 1.48% 2014 - 6.67% - 0.54% - 0.56% 0.73% - 0.27% - 3.83% 0.21% - 1.79% - 0.57% - 1.96% - 0.07% - 0.75% 2.65% 2015 3.68% 0.71% - 2.12% - 1.63% - 0.72% - 0.92% 1.53% 3.80% - 0.88% 1.39% 1.26% 1.59% - 0.23% 2016 8.26% 1.87% 0.21% 0.65% - 0.47% 0.74% 1.68% - 0.06% 0.68% 1.09% - 0.94% 1.60% 0.94% 2017 - 9.00% - 2.94% 0.53% - 4.64% - 1.64% 1.66% - 0.46% - 1.04% 0.24% - 0.31% - 0.56% - 2.70% 2.70% 2018 6.79% 1.42% - 0.46% 0.49% - 1.47% 2.22% 0.05% 2.94% 0.33% - 1.04% 0.67% - 0.57% 2.11% 2019 - 1.78% 2.12% 3.06% - 1.73% - 0.98% - 1.26% 3.77% 0.42% 0.85% 0.44% - 5.48% - 3.42% 0.79% 2020 6.81% 1.68% - 0.80% 2.45% - 1.97% 0.73% - 0.12% 0.73% 1.51% 1.46% 0.29% 1.08% - 0.36% 2021 - 5.95% - 1.39% 1.07% 0.86% - 3.44% - 0.99% 1.09% - 3.21% 0.44% - 1.01% 1.59% 0.77% - 1.74% 2022 - 1.82% - 2.24% - 1.33% 1.24% 1.57% - 2.68% 0.44% 1.42% - 2.04% 1.91% 2023 Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation . Historical performance measures for the J . P . Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) (the “Index”) represent hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some constituents of the Index (the “Basket Constituents”) from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” and “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance . The Index targets an annualized volatility of 5 % on a daily basis by dynamically adjusting its exposure to the notional portfolio of Basket Constituents, subject to certain specified constraints . To and including December 20 , 2017 , no maximum daily exposure change was applied ; however, with etfect from but excluding December 20 , 2017 , a maximum daily exposure change of 50 % has also been applied as an additional constraint . This change may adversely atfect the performance of the Index, and this change should be borne in mind when evaluating the hypothetical backtested and actual historical performance of the Index through December 20 , 2017 . Had a maximum daily exposure change of 50 % been applied to and including December 20 , 2017 , that constraint would have been triggered in the calculation of the closing levels of the Index for October 7 , 2008 , April 21 , 2009 and September 9 , 2015 . Except as noted above and in the sections entitled “Use of alternative performance” and “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this document, the hypothetical monthly and annual returns set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST PERFORMANCE AND BACKTESTED PERFORMANCE ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS . Investing in the notes linked to the Index involves a number of risks . See “Selected Risks” at the end of this presentation, “Risk Factors” in the prospectus supplement and the relevant product supplement and underlying supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” in the relevant pricing supplement . Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this document or the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement or prospectus . Any representation to the contrary is a criminal otfense . The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank . Hypothetical and Actual Historical Monthly Weights  Backtested using proxies  Backtested  Actual Cash Index (JPUSCAFB) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (AMLP) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 35% 10% — 10% — 5% — — 10% — 10% — — — — — — — — — 20% Sep 23 50% 10% — 10% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10% 20% Aug 23 50% 5% — — — — — — 10% — — — — — — — — — — 15% 20% Jul 23 50% 10% — — — — — — 10% — — — — — — — — — — 10% 20% Jun 23 50% 5% — — — 5% — — 10% — — 10% — 5% 5% — — — — 10% — May 23 50% 10% — — — — — — 10% — — 10% — 5% — — — — — 15% — Apr 23 50% 5% — — — — — — 10% 10% — 10% — 5% — — — — — 10% — Mar 23 50% 10% — 5% — — — — 10% 10% — 10% — — — — — — 5% — — Feb 23 50% 5% — 10% — — — — 10% 10% — 10% 5% — — — — — — — — Jan 23 OCTOBER 2023 J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER)

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Cash Index (JPUSCAFB) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (AMLP) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 50% — — 5% — — — — 10% 10% 5% 10% — 5% 5% — — — — — — Dec 22 50% — — 5% — — — — 10% 10% 10% 10% — — 5% — — — — — — Nov 22 50% — — 5% — — — — 10% 10% — 10% — — 15% — — — — — — Oct 22 50% — — 10% — — — — 10% 10% — 10% 10% — — — — — — — — Sep 22 50% — 10% 5% — — — — 10% — — 10% — — 15% — — — — — — Aug 22 50% 5% 10% 5% — — — — 10% 5% — 10% 5% — — — — — — — — Jul 22 50% — 10% 10% — — — — 10% 5% — 10% — — 5% — — — — — — Jun 22 50% 5% 10% 10% — — — — 10% 5% — 10% — — — — — — — — — May 22 50% 5% 10% 5% — 5% — — 10% 10% — — — — — — — — — — 5% Apr 22 50% 10% 10% 10% — 5% — — 10% — — — 5% — — — — — — — — Mar 22 50% 10% 10% 10% — — — — 10% 5% — — — — — — — — — — 5% Feb 22 30% — 10% — 10% — — — 5% — — — 10% — — 15% — — — — 20% Jan 22 Cash Index (JPUSCAFB) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (AMLP) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 15% — 10% — 10% — — 5% — — — — 10% 5% 5% 20% — — — — 20% Dec 21 15% — 10% — 10% — — 5% 10% — — — 10% — — 20% — — — — 20% Nov 21 5% — 10% — 10% — — — 10% 10% — — 10% 5% — 20% — — — — 20% Oct 21 — — 5% — 10% — — 5% 10% 10% — — 10% 20% — 10% — — — — 20% Sep 21 30% — 10% — 10% — — 5% — 5% — 10% 10% — — — — — — — 20% Aug 21 50% — 10% 10% 10% — — — — 10% — — 10% — — — — — — — — Jul 21 45% — 10% 5% 10% — — — 5% 10% — 5% — — — — 5% 5% — — — Jun 21 50% — 10% 5% 10% — — — — 5% — — 10% — — — 5% — — — 5% May 21 50% — 10% 5% — — — — — 10% 5% 10% — — — — 5% 5% — — — Apr 21 45% — 10% — — — — — — 10% 5% 10% — — — — 5% 10% 5% — — Mar 21 35% — 5% — — — — — 5% 10% — 10% 10% — — — 10% 10% 5% — — Feb 21 25% — — — — — — 10% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% — — — 10% 10% — — — Jan 21 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (AMLP) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 25% — 5% — — — — 5% — 10% — 10% 10% — — 15% — 5% 15% — — Dec 20 20% — — — — — 5% 5% — 10% — 10% 10% 20% — 5% — — 15% — — Nov 20 35% — — — — 5% — 10% — — — 10% — — 20% 5% 10% — 5% — — Oct 20 50% 10% — — — — — — — — 15% — 5% — 20% — — — — — — Sep 20 50% 10% — — — — — — — — 15% — — — 20% 5% — — — — — Aug 20 50% 10% — — — — — — 10% — 5% — — — 20% 5% — — — — — Jul 20 50% 10% — — — — — — 10% — 5% — — — 20% 5% — — — — — Jun 20 50% 10% — — — — — — 10% — 5% — — — 20% 5% — — — — — May 20 45% 10% — — — — — — 5% — 10% — 5% — 20% 5% — — — — — Apr 20 10% 10% — — — — 10% — — — — — — 20% 10% 20% — — 20% — — Mar 20 — 10% — — — — — 10% — — — 5% — 20% — 5% 10% — — 20% 20% Feb 20 — 10% — — — 5% — 10% 10% — 5% — — 20% — 5% 10% — — 5% 20% Jan 20

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 15% 10% 5% — — — — — — — — — — 20% — 15% 10% — — 5% 20% Dec 19 15% 10% — — 5% 5% — 10% — — — 10% — 20% — 10% — — — — 15% Nov 19 5% 10% — — — — 5% 10% — — — — — 20% 10% 20% — — — — 20% Oct 19 — 5% — — — 5% 10% 10% — — — — — 20% 10% 20% — — — — 20% Sep 19 — — — — — 10% 10% 10% — — 5% — — 20% 10% 15% — — — — 20% Aug 19 — — — — 10% 5% 10% 5% — — 20% — — 20% — 10% — — — — 20% Jul 19 — — — — — 10% 10% 10% — — 20% — — 20% 10% 20% — — — — — Jun 19 — — — — 10% — 10% 10% — — — — — 20% 10% 20% — — 20% — — May 19 — 5% — — 10% 10% 10% 10% — — 5% — — 10% 20% 20% — — — — — Apr 19 25% 10% — — 5% 15% 10% — 10% — — 10% — — 15% — — — — — — Mar 19 10% 10% — — 10% 10% 10% — — — — 10% — — 20% 20% — — — — — Feb 19 50% 10% — — — — 10% — — 5% — 5% — — 20% — — — — — — Jan 19 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 50% — — — 10% — — — 10% 5% — 10% — — 15% — — — — — — Dec 18 50% — — — 10% — — — 10% — — 10% — — — — — — — — 20% Nov 18 20% — — 10% 10% — — — 5% 10% 10% 5% — — — — — 10% — — 20% Oct 18 10% — 5% 10% 10% — — 10% — 10% 5% — 5% — — 20% — 10% — — 5% Sep 18 45% — — — 10% — — 10% — 10% — — — — — — — 10% — — 15% Aug 18 50% — 10% — 10% — — 10% 10% — — — — — — — — 10% — — — Jul 18 45% 5% 10% 5% — 5% — — 10% — — — — — — — 10% 10% — — — Jun 18 35% 10% 10% — — — — — 10% 10% — — — — — — 10% 10% — — 5% May 18 45% 10% 10% — — — — — 10% — — — — — — — 10% — 15% — — Apr 18 35% — 10% — — — — — 10% 10% — — — — — — 10% 5% — — 20% Mar 18 15% 10% 10% — — 5% — — 10% — — — — — — — 10% 5% 15% — 20% Feb 18 — 5% 10% — — 10% 10% — — — — — — 5% — 10% 10% 5% 15% — 20% Jan 18 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) — — 10% — 5% — 5% 5% — — — — — 20% — 5% 10% 10% 20% — 10% Dec 17 — — 10% — — — — — — — — — — 20% — 20% 10% — 20% 10% 10% Nov 17 — — — — — — — — — — 15% — — 20% — 15% 10% — 20% 20% — Oct 17 — 5% — — — — — 10% — — — — — 5% 15% 20% 10% — 15% 20% — Sep 17 — — — — — — — 10% — — 5% — — 20% — 15% 10% — 15% 20% 5% Aug 17 — 10% — — — — — 10% — — 5% — — 15% — 10% 10% — 15% 20% 5% Jul 17 — 10% — — — — 10% 10% — 5% 10% — — — — 5% 10% — 5% 20% 15% Jun 17 15% — — — 10% — — 10% 10% 5% — — — — — — 10% 10% — 10% 20% May 17 25% — — 5% — — — — 10% 10% — — — — — — — 10% — 20% 20% Apr 17 25% — 10% — — — — — 5% 10% 20% — — — — — — 10% — — 20% Mar 17 25% — 10% — — — — — 10% 10% 15% — — — — — — 10% — — 20% Feb 17 25% — 5% — — — — — 10% 10% 20% — — — — — — 10% — — 20% Jan 17

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 40% — — — — — — — 10% 10% 20% — — — — — — 10% — — 10% Dec 16 — — — — — — 10% — 10% 10% 20% 10% 10% 20% — — — — 10% — — Nov 16 5% 5% — 10% — — 10% — 10% 10% 20% 10% — 10% — 10% — — — — — Oct 16 — — — 5% 5% — 10% 5% — 10% 20% — — 20% — 20% — 5% — — — Sep 16 5% — — — 5% 5% — 10% 10% 10% 10% — — 20% — 15% — — — — 10% Aug 16 — — — — 5% 5% 10% — 10% 10% 15% 10% — 10% 5% 20% — — — — — Jul 16 — — — — 10% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% — 5% — 10% 10% 20% — — — — — Jun 16 10% 5% — — 5% 5% 10% 5% 10% — — 5% — 20% 20% 5% — — — — — May 16 20% — — — 10% 5% 10% 10% — — — 10% — — 10% 20% — — — — 5% Apr 16 35% — — — 10% 5% 10% — — — — — — — 15% 20% — — — — 5% Mar 16 25% 10% — — — — 5% 10% — — — 10% — — 20% 20% — — — — — Feb 16 35% — — — 10% — — 10% — — — — — — 5% 20% 10% — — — 10% Jan 16 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 10% — — — 10% — 10% 10% — — — 5% — 5% 20% 20% — — — — 10% Dec 15 20% — — — 10% — — 10% — — — 10% — — 20% 15% — — — — 15% Nov 15 50% — — — — — 5% 10% 10% — — 5% — — 20% — — — — — — Oct 15 45% — — — — — 5% 10% — — — 10% — — 20% — 10% — — — — Sep 15 50% — — — — — — 5% 5% — — — — — — — 10% — — 10% 20% Aug 15 25% — — — — — 10% — 10% 10% 5% 10% — — — — 10% — — 20% — Jul 15 5% — — — — — — 10% 5% 10% 15% 5% — — 20% — 10% 10% — 10% — Jun 15 10% — — — — — — 10% — — — 10% — — 20% 15% 10% 10% — 15% — May 15 25% — — — 10% — — 10% — — — — — — 15% 20% — 10% — — 10% Apr 15 — — — — 10% — — 10% — — — 5% — 5% 20% 20% — 10% — — 20% Mar 15 — — — — 10% — — 10% — — — — — 10% 20% 20% — 10% — — 20% Feb 15 — — — — 10% — — 10% — — — — — 10% 20% 20% — 10% — — 20% Jan 15 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) — — — 5% 10% — — 10% — — — — — 5% 20% 20% — 10% — — 20% Dec 14 — — — 10% 10% — 5% 10% — — — — — — 20% 20% — — 5% — 20% Nov 14 — — — 10% 5% — 10% 10% — — — — — — 10% 20% — — 15% — 20% Oct 14 — — — 10% 10% — 10% 10% — — — — — 10% — 20% — — 20% — 10% Sep 14 — — — 10% 10% — 10% 10% — — — — — — — 20% — — 20% — 20% Aug 14 — — — 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% — — 5% — 10% — — 20% — — 5% — 10% Jul 14 — — — 10% 10% 5% 10% 10% — — — — — 10% — 20% 5% — — — 20% Jun 14 — — 10% 10% 10% — — 10% — — 15% — — — — 20% 5% — — — 20% May 14 — — — — 5% — — 10% — 5% 20% — — 20% — 10% 5% 5% — — 20% Apr 14 — — — — — — — 10% — 10% 20% — — 20% — 10% 10% 10% — — 10% Mar 14 — — — — — — — 5% 10% 10% 20% 5% — 20% — — 10% 10% — — 10% Feb 14 15% — — — — — — — 10% 10% 15% 10% — — — — 10% — — 10% 20% Jan 14

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 35% — — — — — — — 10% 10% 5% 5% — — — — 10% 10% — — 15% Dec 13 50% — — 5% — — — — — 5% — 5% — — — — 5% 10% — — 20% Nov 13 50% — — — — — — — 5% 10% — — — — — — 10% 10% — — 15% Oct 13 50% — — 10% — — — — 10% — — — — — — — — 10% — — 20% Sep 13 50% — — 10% — — — — 10% — — — — — — — — 10% — — 20% Aug 13 50% — — 10% — — — — 10% — — — — — — — — 10% — — 20% Jul 13 5% — — 10% 5% — — 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% — — — 5% — 10% — — 20% Jun 13 — — — 10% 10% — — 5% — 10% 10% — — — 5% 20% 10% — — 20% — May 13 — — — 10% 10% — — 10% — 10% 20% — — 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% — 5% — Apr 13 — — — 10% — — — 10% — 10% 20% 5% — 20% — — 10% — — 15% — Mar 13 — — — 10% — — — 10% 10% 10% 20% — — — 5% 5% 10% — — 20% — Feb 13 — — — — — — 10% — 5% 10% 20% — — 20% — 5% 10% — — 20% — Jan 13 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) — — 10% 10% — — 10% 10% — 10% 20% — — 20% — — — — — 10% — Dec 12 — — — — — 15% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% — 20% — 10% — — — — — Nov 12 — 5% — — — 10% 10% 10% — — 20% — — 20% 5% 20% — — — — — Oct 12 — — — — 10% — 10% 10% — 10% 20% — — 20% — 20% — — — — — Sep 12 — — — — 10% — 10% 10% — 10% — — — 20% 10% 20% — — — — 10% Aug 12 — — — — 10% — 10% 10% — 10% 20% — — 20% — 20% — — — — — Jul 12 — — — — 10% — — 10% — 10% 10% — — 20% — 20% — — — — 20% Jun 12 — — — 10% 10% — — 10% 10% 10% — — — — 15% 15% — — — — 20% May 12 — — — 10% 5% — 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% — 5% 5% — 15% — — — — 15% Apr 12 — — — 10% — — — 5% 10% 10% — — 10% 5% 5% 20% — 5% — — 20% Mar 12 15% — — 10% — — — 5% 10% 10% 5% — — — 10% 20% — — — — 15% Feb 12 40% — — 5% — — 10% — — — — — — — 15% 20% — — — — 10% Jan 12 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Gold (IAU) Cmdty (DBC) MLPs (MLPI) Real Estate (VNQ) Gold Miners (GDX) EM Bonds (EMB) Pref Shares (PFF) Lev Loans (BKLN) ST HY Corps (HYS) HY Corps (JNK) ST IG Corps (VCSH) TIPS (TIP) IG Corps (LQD) 7 – 10Y Treas (IEF) 20Y+ Treas (TLT) Intl Small (SCZ) US Small (VB) Em Mkts (VWO) Dev Intl (VEA) US Large (VOO) 50% 5% — 10% — — — — 5% — — — — — 5% 20% — — — — 5% Dec 11 25% 10% — — — — — — — — — 10% 5% — 20% 15% — — — — 15% Nov 11 35% — — — — — 10% — — — 10% — — — 20% 20% — — — — 5% Oct 11 20% 10% — — — — 10% — — — — 5% 10% — 20% 15% — — — — 10% Sep 11 — 10% 10% — 10% — 10% — — — 10% — 10% — 20% 20% — — — — — Aug 11 — 10% 10% — 10% — — 10% — — — — 10% — 20% 20% — 10% — — — Jul 11 — 5% 10% — 10% — — 10% 5% 10% 20% — — 5% — 10% — 5% — — 10% Jun 11 15% 10% 10% 10% — — — 10% 10% 10% — 5% 5% — — — — 10% — — 5% May 11 25% — 10% 10% — — — 10% 10% 10% — — 5% — — — — 10% — — 10% Apr 11 15% — 10% 10% — — — — 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% — — — — 10% — — 10% Mar 11 10% — 10% 10% — — — — 10% 10% 20% 10% 5% 5% — — — 10% — — — Feb 11 10% 10% 5% 10% — — — 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% — — 5% — — 10% — — — Jan 11

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Real Gold EM Pref Lev ST HY HY ST IG IG 7 – 10Y 20Y+ Intl US Em US Gold Cmdty MLPs Estate Miners Bonds Shares Loans Corps Corps Corps TIPS Corps Treas Treas Small Small Mkts Dev Intl Large (IAU) (DBC) (MLPI) (VNQ) (GDX) (EMB) (PFF) (BKLN) (HYS) (JNK) (VCSH) (TIP) (LQD) (IEF) (TLT) (SCZ) (VB) (VWO) (VEA) (VOO) — — 10% — — 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% — — 5% 20% — 10% — 5% — — Dec 10 5% — 10% — — 10% 10% — 10% 10% — — 20% 20% — — — 5% — — Nov 10 10% — 10% 5% — 10% 5% — 10% — — — 10% 20% 20% — — — — — Oct 10 10% — 10% 5% — 10% 5% — 10% — — — 10% 20% 20% — — — — — Sep 10 10% — 10% 10% — 10% — — 10% 5% — — 5% 20% 20% — — — — — Aug 10 10% — 10% 10% — 10% — — 10% — — — 10% 20% 20% — — — — — Jul 10 — — 10% 5% — — 10% 10% 10% — 5% — — 20% 20% — 10% — — — Jun 10 — — 10% 10% — 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% — 15% 5% — — 5% — — — May 10 — — 10% 10% — 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 15% — — — — — — — Apr 10 — — 10% 5% — — 10% 10% 10% 20% 10% 10% — 15% — — — — — — Mar 10 10% — 10% — — 10% — 10% 10% 20% 10% 10% 10% — — — — — — — Feb 10 5% — 10% — — 10% 5% 10% 10% 15% 10% 5% 15% — — — — — — 5% Jan 10 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) — — — — — — — — — — — — Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Real Gold EM Pref Lev ST HY HY ST IG IG 7 – 10Y 20Y+ Intl US Em US Gold Cmdty MLPs Estate Miners Bonds Shares Loans Corps Corps Corps TIPS Corps Treas Treas Small Small Mkts Dev Intl Large (IAU) (DBC) (MLPI) (VNQ) (GDX) (EMB) (PFF) (BKLN) (HYS) (JNK) (VCSH) (TIP) (LQD) (IEF) (TLT) (SCZ) (VB) (VWO) (VEA) (VOO) 10% — 10% — — 10% — 10% 10% 5% 10% 5% 20% — 5% 5% — — — — Dec 09 5% — 5% — — 10% 5% 10% 10% 5% 10% 10% 20% — — 5% — — — — Nov 09 — — — — — 10% 5% 10% 10% 5% 10% — 20% — — 10% — — — — Oct 09 — — — — — — 10% 10% 10% — 10% — — 5% — 5% — — — — Sep 09 — — — — — 10% — 10% 10% 5% 10% 5% — — — 5% — 5% — — Aug 09 5% — 5% — — 10% — 10% 10% — 10% 10% — — — — — 5% — — Jul 09 5% — — — 5% 10% — 10% 10% 5% 10% — — — — — — — — — Jun 09 10% — — — — 10% — 10% 10% — 10% — 15% 10% — — — — — — May 09 5% — 5% — — — — 5% 10% — — — — 20% 5% — — — — — Apr 09 5% — — — — 5% — 5% 10% — — — — 20% 5% — — — — — Mar 09 5% — 5% — — — — 5% 10% — — — — 15% 10% — — — — — Feb 09 5% — — — — — — 5% 10% — — — — 5% 20% — — — — 5% Jan 09 Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) — 5% 20% 50% 40% 35% 45% 25% 50% 50% 50% 50% Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Real Gold EM Pref Lev ST HY HY ST IG IG 7 – 10Y 20Y+ Intl US Em US Gold Cmdty MLPs Estate Miners Bonds Shares Loans Corps Corps Corps TIPS Corps Treas Treas Small Small Mkts Dev Intl Large (IAU) (DBC) (MLPI) (VNQ) (GDX) (EMB) (PFF) (BKLN) (HYS) (JNK) (VCSH) (TIP) (LQD) (IEF) (TLT) (SCZ) (VB) (VWO) (VEA) (VOO) 5% — — — — 5% — — 10% — — — — 10% 20% — 5% — — — Dec 08 5% — — — — — — 10% 10% — — — — 5% 20% — — — — — Nov 08 10% — — — — — — 10% 5% — — — — 10% 20% — — — — — Oct 08 — — — 10% — — — 10% — — — — — — 20% — 10% — — — Sep 08 5% 10% — 10% — — — 10% — — — 10% — — — — 5% — — — Aug 08 10% 10% — 10% — — — — — — — 10% — 10% — — — — — — Jul 08 10% 10% — — — — 5% — — 15% — 10% — — — — — — — — Jun 08 10% 10% — 10% — — — — — — — 10% — 20% 10% — — — — — May 08 10% 10% — — — 5% — — — — 5% 10% — 20% 5% — — — — — Apr 08 10% 10% — — — 10% — — — — 5% 10% — 20% 10% — — 5% — — Mar 08 10% 10% — — — 10% — — — — 5% 10% — 20% 15% — — — — — Feb 08 10% 10% — — — 10% — — — — — 10% — 20% 20% — — 5% — — Jan 08 The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) 45% 50% 45% 50% 50% 50% 50% 30% 35% 20% 20% 15%

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) Alternatives Other Fixed Income Investment - Grade Fixed Income Equities Real Gold EM Pref Lev ST HY HY ST IG IG 7 – 10Y 20Y+ Intl US Em US Gold Cmdty MLPs Estate Miners Bonds Shares Loans Corps Corps Corps TIPS Corps Treas Treas Small Small Mkts Dev Intl Large (IAU) (DBC) (MLPI) (VNQ) (GDX) (EMB) (PFF) (BKLN) (HYS) (JNK) (VCSH) (TIP) (LQD) (IEF) (TLT) (SCZ) (VB) (VWO) (VEA) (VOO) 10% 5% — — — 5% — — — — — 10% — 20% 20% — — 10% — — Dec 07 — 10% — — — — — — — — — 10% — 20% 10% — — 15% — — Nov 07 5% 10% — — — — — — — — — 10% — 20% 10% — — 15% — — Oct 07 The Basket Constituents are identified above by their respective tickers . Please refer to the “Selected Risks” and “Disclaimer” at the end of this presentation and to the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” on the last page for information related to the Basket Constituents and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . The hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above represent the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to hypothetical backtested performance using alternative performance for some Basket Constituents from November 1 , 2007 to January 18 , 2013 , hypothetical backtested performance using the actual performance of each Basket Constituent from January 22 , 2013 to December 30 , 2014 , and actual performance from December 31 , 2014 to September 29 , 2023 . While the monthly reference portfolio weights applied to the hypothetical backtested performance of the Index after January 18 , 2013 were allocated to the actual Basket Constituents, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining the weights for such Basket Constituents after this date . Please see the “Use of hypothetical backtested returns” at the end of this presentation for additional information related to backtesting and the use of alternative performance in the backtest . Except as noted above and in the section entitled “Use of alternative performance” at the end of this document, the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights set forth above were determined using the methodology currently used to calculate the Index . PAST ALLOCATIONS TO BASKET CONSTITUENTS, HYPOTHETICAL OR ACTUAL, ARE NOT INDICATIVE OR PREDICTIVE OF FUTURE ALLOCATIONS . Cash Index (JPCAUS3M) 20% 35% 30%

OCTOBER 2023 | J.P. Morgan Efficiente® Plus DS 5 Index (Net ER) Selected Risks  Our affiliate, J.P. Morgan Securities plc (“JPMS plc”), is the Index Sponsor and may adjust the Index in a way that atfects its level. The policies and judgments for which JPMS plc is responsible could have an impact, positive or negative, on the level of the Index and the value of your investment. JPMS plc is under no obligation to consider your interest as an investor with returns linked to the Index.  The level of the Index is calculated on an excess return basis (net of a notional financing cost) and reflects the daily deduction of 0.85% per annum.  The Index was established on December 31, 2014, and has a limited operating history.  There are risks associated with a momentum - based investment strategy. If market conditions do not represent a continuation of prior observed trends, Index performance may be adversely impacted.  The Index comprises notional assets and liabilities. There is no actual portfolio of assets to which any person is entitled or in which any person has any ownership interest.  The Index may not be successful, may not outperform any alternative strategy and may not approximate its target volatility of 5%.  The investment strategy used to construct the Index involves monthly rebalancing and weighting constraints that are applied to the Basket Constituents, and daily adjustments to the exposure to the monthly reference portfolio, which may adversely impact performance.  The Index will be partially uninvested when the cash index is included in the monthly reference portfolio and when the Index’s exposure to the monthly reference portfolio is less than 100%. Any uninvested portion will earn no return.  Changes in the values of the Basket Constituents may otfset each other.  There are risks associated with correlation between the Basket Constituents. If the performances of the Basket Constituents become highly correlated during periods of negative performance, Index performance may be adversely impacted.  Each Basket Constituent composing the Index may be replaced by a substitute constituent upon the occurrence of certain extraordinary events.  The Index should not be compared to any other index or strategy sponsored by any of our affiliates and cannot necessarily be considered a revised, enhanced or modified version of any other J.P. Morgan index.  The securities of our parent company, JPMorgan Chase & Co., are held by several of the Basket Constituents.  The commodity futures contracts underlying the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund are subject to uncertain legal and regulatory regimes.  The performance of an ETF, particularly during periods of market volatility, may not correlate with the performance of its reference index.  SOFR has a limited history and its future performance cannot be predicted based on historical performance. SOFR may be volatile and may be more volatile than other benchmark or market interest rates.  The Index is subject to risks associated with non - U . S . securities markets (including emerging market risks, and currency exchange risk), small capitalization stocks, preferred stocks, fixed income securities and loans (including interest - rate related risks and credit risk), risks associated with the real estate industry and MLPs, and risks associated with investments in commodity futures contracts and gold . The selected risks set forth above pertain to the Index identified on the cover of this document and are not exhaustive. You should also review carefully the related “Risk Factors” section in the prospectus supplement and the relevant product supplement and underlying supplement and the “Selected Risk Considerations” in the relevant pricing supplement. Disclaimer Important Information The information contained in this document is for discussion purposes only . Any information relating to performance contained in these materials is illustrative and no assurance is given that any indicative returns, performance or results, whether historical or hypothetical, will be achieved . All information herein is subject to change without notice, however, J . P . Morgan undertakes no duty to update this information . In the event of any inconsistency between the information presented herein and any offering document, the offering document shall govern . Use of hypothetical backtested returns Any backtested historical performance and weighting information included herein is hypothetical . The constituents and proxy constituents may not have traded together in the manner shown in the hypothetical backtest of the Index included herein, and no representation is being made that the Index will achieve similar performance . There are frequently significant differences between hypothetical backtested performance and actual subsequent performance . The use of alternative “proxy” information may create additional differences between hypothetical backtested and actual performance and allocations . The results obtained from backtesting information should not be considered indicative of the actual results that might be obtained from an investment or participation in a financial instrument or transaction referencing the Index . J . P . Morgan provides no assurance or guarantee that investments linked to the Index will operate or would have operated in the past in a manner consistent with these materials . The hypothetical historical levels presented herein have not been verified by an independent third party, and such hypothetical historical levels have inherent limitations . Alternative simulations, techniques, modeling or assumptions might produce significantly different results and prove to be more appropriate . Actual results will vary, perhaps materially, from the hypothetical backtested returns and allocations presented in this document . HISTORICAL AND BACKTESTED PERFORMANCE AND ALLOCATIONS ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS . Use of alternative performance The information provided herein uses “backtesting” and considers other hypothetical circumstances to estimate how the Index may have performed and how Basket Constituents may have been allocated prior to the actual existence of the Index . Prior to 1 / 22 / 13 , the Index’s hypothetical backtested performance relies on, and its weights are applied to, alternative “proxy” performance for some of the Basket Constituents identified above . Additionally, alternative performance information for certain Basket Constituents may have been considered in determining hypothetical weight allocations for such Basket Constituents after this date . Prior to each such Basket Constituent’s launch and satisfaction of a minimum liquidity standard, the backtesting uses (i n lieu of actual performance) alternative performance derived from the reference index tracked by that Basket Constituent as of the Index’s live date, after deduction of hypothetical fund expenses (i n each case, as specified in the accompanying parenthetical) equal to that Basket Constituent’s expense ratio as of the Index’s live date, as follows : the S&P 500 Total Return Index was used as a proxy for VOO through 3 / 30 / 11 ( - 0 . 05 % p . a . ) ; MSCI US Small Cap 1750 Gross Return USD Index was used as a proxy for VB through 4 / 27 / 2007 ( - 0 . 09 % p . a . ) ; the FTSE Developed ex North America Net Tax (US RIC) Index was used as a proxy for VEA through 11 / 28 / 07 ( - 0 . 09 % p . a . ) ; the MSCI EAFE Small Cap Net Total Return USD Index was used as a proxy for SCZ through 10 / 8 / 09 ( - 0 . 4 % p . a . ) ; the Bloomberg Barclays US Corporate 1 - 5 years Total Return Index Value Unhedged USD was used as a proxy for VCSH through 9 / 14 / 10 ( - 0 . 12 % p . a . ) ; the Bloomberg Barclays VLI : High Yield Total Return Index Value Unhedged USD was used as a proxy for JNK through 9 / 4 / 08 ( - 0 . 4 % p . a . ) ; the ICE BofA Merrill Lynch 0 - 5 Year US High Yield Constrained Index was used as a proxy for HYS through 1 / 18 / 13 ( - 0 . 55 % p . a . ) ; the S&P/LSTA U . S . Leveraged Loan 100 Index was used as a proxy for BKLN through 5 / 11 / 12 ( - 0 . 65 % p . a . ) ; the S&P U . S . Preferred Stock Index was used as a proxy for PFF through 10 / 20 / 08 ( - 0 . 47 % p . a . ) ; the J . P . Morgan EMBISM Global Core Index was used as a proxy for EMB through 11 / 17 / 09 ( - 0 . 6 % p . a . ) ; and the Alerian MLP Infrastructure Total Return Index was used as a proxy for MLPI through 1 / 2 / 13 ( - 0 . 85 % p . a . ) . Prior to the relevant date of last use of proxy specified above for a particular Basket Constituent, the hypothetical allocation to such Basket Constituent in the hypothetical and actual historical monthly weights tables above was actually made to the relevant proxy identified in the preceding paragraph . Prior to February 25 , 2020 , the Basket Constituent providing exposure to Master Limited Partnerships was the ETRACS Alerian MLP Infrastructure Index ETN, but on that date it was replaced with the Alerian MLP ETF, an ETF which tracks the same reference index . Prior to December 31 , 2021 , the Cash Constituent (referred to as “Cash Index” in the table) was the JPMorgan Cash Index USD 3 Month . Investment suitability must be determined individually for each investor, and investments linked to the Index may not be suitable for all investors . This material is not a product of J . P . Morgan Research Departments . Copyright © 2023 JPMorgan Chase & Co . All rights reserved . For additional regulatory disclosures, please consult : www . jpmorgan . com/disclosures . Information contained on this website is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered part of, this document . This monthly update document replaces and supersedes all prior written materials of this type previously provided with respect to the Index .