0001493152-18-003109.txt : 20180308 0001493152-18-003109.hdr.sgml : 20180308 20180308170944 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001493152-18-003109 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: S-1/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 6 FILED AS OF DATE: 20180308 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20180308 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: GraniteShares ETP Trust CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001725554 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: [6221] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0630 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: S-1/A SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-222109 FILM NUMBER: 18677352 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 205 HUDSON ST 7TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10013 BUSINESS PHONE: 646-876-5096 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 205 HUDSON ST 7TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10013 S-1/A 1 forms-1a.htm

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2018.

 

Registration No. 333-222109

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO

FORM S-1

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

GraniteShares ETP Trust
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   TO BE APPLIED FOR

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 

c/o GraniteShares LLC

30 Vesey Street

New York, NY 10007

917-338-0565

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

GraniteShares LLC

30 Vesey Street

New York, NY 10007

917-338-0565

(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including
area code, of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

W. Thomas Conner, Esq.

Vedder Price P.C.

1633 Broadway, 31st Floor

New York, NY 10019

(212) 407-7715

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: [X]

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [  ]

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [  ]

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [  ]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer [  ]   Accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer [  ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company [X]
    Emerging growth company [X]

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. [X]

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered  Amount to be Registered   Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit(1)   Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)   Amount of Registration Fee 
GraniteShares ETP Trust   1   $100   $100   $0.01 

 

(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(d) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 
 

 

GraniteShares ETP Trust

 

Common Units of Beneficial Interest

 

Title of Securities to be Registered  Benchmark  Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price Per Fund 
GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF  Front Month Bitcoin Futures     
GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF  Front Month Bitcoin Futures     

 

GraniteShares ETP Trust (the “Trust”) is a Delaware statutory trust organized into separate series. The Trust may from time to time offer to sell common units of beneficial interest of either of the series of the Trust listed above (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) or other series of the Trust, which represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of a series of the Trust. The shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) of each Fund will be offered on a continuous basis from time to time. This offering is intended to be a continuous offering that will terminate [date 3 years from the date of the offering prospectus], unless suspended or terminated at any earlier time for certain reasons specified in this prospectus or unless extended as permitted under the rules under the Securities Act of 1933. See “Prospectus Summary – The Shares” and “Creation and Redemption of Shares – Rejection of Purchase Orders” below. The GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF (the “Matching Fund”) and the GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF (the “Inverse Fund”) have not, prior to the date of this Prospectus, commenced trading and do not have any performance history.

 

The Shares of each Fund will be listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (“Cboe BZX”) (the “Exchange”) and will trade under the ticker symbols to be announced prior to commencement of trading.

 

The Matching Fund seeks results (before fees and expenses) that, both for a single day and over time, match the performance of front month bitcoin futures contracts listed and traded on the Cboe Futures Exchange, LLC (“CFE”). These contracts are referred to herein as “Bitcoin Futures Contracts” or the “Benchmark.” “Bitcoin” is a digital asset based on the decentralized, open source protocol of the peer-to-peer bitcoin computer network (“Bitcoin Network”). The Inverse Fund seeks to provide investment results that, on a daily basis correspond (before fees and expenses) to the inverse (-1x) of the daily performance of the Benchmark for a single day. A “single day” is measured from the time a Fund calculates its net asset value (“NAV”) to the time of the Fund’s next NAV calculation. The NAV calculation time for the Funds is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Please see the section entitled “Summary—Creation and Redemption Transactions” on pages [6] for additional details on the NAV calculation time for the Funds.

 

INVESTING IN THE SHARES INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISKS. PLEASE REFER
TO “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ].

 

Each Fund will distribute to shareholders a Schedule K-1 that will contain information regarding the income and expenses of the Fund.

 

The Funds are not suitable for all investors and present many different risks than other types of funds, including risks relating to investing in Bitcoin Futures Contracts. The Funds are riskier than other exchange-traded products that do not hold financial instruments related to bitcoin.

 

Each Fund intends to invest substantially all of its assets through either long or short positions, as applicable, in Bitcoin Futures Contracts in a manner consistent with its investment objective. Neither Fund invests directly in bitcoin. Bitcoin is a digital asset with a limited operating history and there is no established performance record for the price of bitcoin. The performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts in which each Fund invests, and therefore the performance of the Funds, can be expected to be very different from the price of bitcoin. The value of a Fund’s investments in Bitcoin Futures Contracts may not be correlated with the price of bitcoin and may go down when the price of bitcoin goes up (and vice versa). An investor should only consider an investment in a Fund if he or she understands the consequences of investing in Bitcoin Futures Contracts and exposure to bitcoin. Bitcoin Futures Contracts have only recently been listed for trading and have a very limited trading history. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts will develop or be maintained. The Funds’ investments in Bitcoin Futures Contracts may be illiquid and/or highly volatile and the Funds may experience large losses from buying, selling or holding such investments. As with all investments, an investor in either Fund could potentially lose the full principal value of his/her investment, even over periods as short as one day.

 

 
 

 

An investor should only consider an investment in the Inverse Fund if he or she understands the consequences of seeking daily inverse investment results. The Inverse Fund seeks as its investment objective to provide a return (before fees and expenses) equal to the inverse (-1x) of the performance of the Benchmark for a single day, not for any other period. The return of the Inverse Fund for a period longer than a single day is the result of its return for each day compounded over the period and usually will differ, because of this, from the Fund’s multiple (-1X) times the return of the Benchmark for the same period. Daily compounding of the Inverse Fund’s investment returns can dramatically and adversely affect its longer-term performance during periods of high volatility. Volatility may be at least as important to the Inverse Fund’s return for a period as the return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts that comprise the Fund’s Benchmark. The Inverse Fund is designed to return for a single day the inverse (-1x) of the return that would be expected of a fund with an objective of matching the performance of the Benchmark for such day.

 

Shareholders who invest in the Funds should actively manage and monitor their investments, as frequently as daily.

 

Each Fund will continuously offer and redeem its Shares in blocks of [10,000] Shares (a “Creation Unit”). Only Authorized Participants may purchase and redeem Shares from a Fund and then only in Creation Units. An Authorized Participant is an entity that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Trust and GraniteShares Advisors LLC (the “Sponsor”). The initial Authorized Participant with respect to the Funds is expected to be [Name of Initial Authorized Participant]. It is expected that after the date of this Prospectus, the initial Authorized Participant will, subject to certain terms and conditions, make minimum initial purchases of [at least two initial Creation Units] of [10,000] Shares for each Fund at an initial price per Share of [$xx] equal to [$xxx] per Creation Unit. No Fund will commence trading unless and until its initial Authorized Participant effects the minimum initial purchase with respect to such Fund. Following the initial purchase by the initial Authorized Participant, Shares of the Funds will be offered to Authorized Participants in Creation Units at each Fund’s respective NAV. Shares of the Funds are offered to Authorized Participants in Creation Units at each Fund’s respective NAV. Authorized Participants may then offer to the public, from time to time, Shares from any Creation Unit they create at a per-Share market price. Authorized Participants, including the initial Authorized Participant, are expected to offer Shares to the public at prices determined by a number of factors, including the supply and demand for Shares of each Fund, the value of each Fund’s underlying holdings, and market conditions at the time of the transaction. The form of Authorized Participant Agreement and the related Authorized Participant Handbook set forth the terms and conditions under which an Authorized Participant may purchase or redeem a Creation Unit. Authorized Participants will not receive from any Fund, the Sponsor, or any of their affiliates, any fee or other compensation in connection with their sale of Shares to the public. An Authorized Participant may receive commissions or fees from investors who purchase Shares through their commission or fee-based brokerage accounts.

 

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or any state securities commission nor has the SEC or any state securities commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

NEITHER THE TRUST NOR ANY FUND IS A MUTUAL FUND OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF INVESTMENT COMPANY AS DEFINED IN THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940, AS AMENDED (THE “1940 ACT”), AND NEITHER IS SUBJECT TO REGULATION THEREUNDER.

 

THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION HAS NOT PASSED UPON THE MERITS OF PARTICIPATING IN THIS POOL NOR HAS THE COMMISSION PASSED ON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT.

 

THE FUNDS WILL ATTEMPT TO MATCH, OR PROVIDE INVERSE EXPOSURE TO, THE PERFORMANCE OF LEAD MONTH BITCOIN FUTURES CONTRACTS IN A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES. THE FUNDS DO NOT INVEST DIRECTLY IN BITCOIN. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT THE BITCOIN FUTURES CONTRACTS WILL OR ARE LIKELY TO TRACK THE PRICE OF BITCOIN. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT THE FUNDS WILL GENERATE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THAT WHICH MAY BE ACHIEVED BY FUNDS THAT INVEST DIRECTLY IN BITCOIN. IN FACT, THERE CAN BE SHARP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE BITCOIN FUTURES CONTRACTS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF BITCOIN.

 

2
 

 

The Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor, Wilmington Trust Company (the “Trustee”), or any of their respective affiliates.

 

This Prospectus has two parts: the offered series disclosure and the general pool disclosure. These parts are bound together and are incomplete if not distributed together to prospective participants.

 

COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION
RISK DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

 

YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER WHETHER YOUR FINANCIAL CONDITION PERMITS YOU TO PARTICIPATE IN A COMMODITY POOL. IN SO DOING, YOU SHOULD BE AWARE THAT COMMODITY INTEREST TRADING CAN QUICKLY LEAD TO LARGE LOSSES AS WELL AS GAINS. SUCH TRADING LOSSES CAN SHARPLY REDUCE THE NET ASSET VALUE OF THE POOL AND CONSEQUENTLY THE VALUE OF YOUR INTEREST IN THE POOL. IN ADDITION, RESTRICTIONS ON REDEMPTIONS MAY AFFECT YOUR ABILITY TO WITHDRAW YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THE POOL.

 

FURTHER, COMMODITY POOLS MAY BE SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIAL CHARGES FOR MANAGEMENT, AND ADVISORY AND BROKERAGE FEES. IT MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THOSE POOLS THAT ARE SUBJECT TO THESE CHARGES TO MAKE SUBSTANTIAL TRADING PROFITS TO AVOID DEPLETION OR EXHAUSTION OF THEIR ASSETS. THIS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT CONTAINS A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF EACH EXPENSE TO BE CHARGED TO THIS POOL, AT PAGES [43] THROUGH [44] AND A STATEMENT OF THE PERCENTAGE RETURN NECESSARY TO BREAK EVEN, THAT IS, TO RECOVER THE AMOUNT OF YOUR INITIAL INVESTMENT, AT PAGE [43].

 

THIS BRIEF STATEMENT CANNOT DISCLOSE ALL THE RISKS AND OTHER FACTORS NECESSARY TO EVALUATE YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THIS COMMODITY POOL. THEREFORE, BEFORE YOU DECIDE TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS COMMODITY POOL, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY STUDY THIS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT, INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS OF THIS INVESTMENT, AT PAGES [5] THROUGH [26].

 

THESE POOLS HAVE NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DO NOT HAVE ANY PERFORMANCE HISTORY.

 

 

THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT INCLUDE ALL OF THE INFORMATION OR EXHIBITS IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT OF THE TRUST. INVESTORS CAN READ AND COPY THE ENTIRE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AT THE PUBLIC REFERENCE FACILITIES MAINTAINED BY THE SEC IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

 

 

THE BOOKS AND RECORDS OF THE FUNDS ARE MAINTAINED AS FOLLOWS:

 

3
 

 

  All marketing materials are maintained at the offices of:

 

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (“Foreside” or the “Marketing Agent”)
Three Canal Plaza
Portland, Maine 04101

 

  Creation Unit creation and redemption books and records, accounting and certain other financial books and records (including Fund accounting records, ledgers with respect to assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses, the register, transfer journals and related details) and certain trading and related documents received from Futures Commission Merchants (“FCMs”) are maintained at the offices of:

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY” or the “Custodian”)
at 225 Liberty Street
New York, New York 10286

 

  All other books and records of the Funds (including minute books and other general corporate records, trading records and related reports) are maintained at the Funds’ principal office, c/o GraniteShares Advisors LLC, 30 Vesey Street 9th Floor, New York, New York 10007. The main business telephone number of each of the Funds and the Sponsor is +1 (844) 476-8747.

 

SHAREHOLDERS HAVE THE RIGHT, DURING NORMAL BUSINESS HOURS, TO HAVE ACCESS TO AND COPY (UPON PAYMENT OF REASONABLE REPRODUCTION COSTS) SUCH BOOKS AND RECORDS IN PERSON OR BY THEIR AUTHORIZED ATTORNEY OR AGENT. MONTHLY ACCOUNT STATEMENTS CONFORMING TO THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (“CFTC”) AND THE NATIONAL FUTURES ASSOCIATION (THE “NFA”) REQUIREMENTS ARE POSTED ON THE SPONSOR’S WEBSITE AT WWW.GRANITESHARES.COM . ADDITIONAL REPORTS MAY BE POSTED ON THE SPONSOR’S WEBSITE AT THE DISCRETION OF THE SPONSOR OR AS REQUIRED BY REGULATORY AUTHORITIES. THERE WILL SIMILARLY BE DISTRIBUTED TO SHAREHOLDERS, NOT MORE THAN 90 DAYS AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE FUNDS’ FISCAL YEAR, CERTIFIED AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THE TAX INFORMATION RELATING TO SHARES OF EACH FUND NECESSARY FOR THE PREPARATION OF SHAREHOLDERS’ ANNUAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX RETURNS WILL ALSO BE DISTRIBUTED.

 

 

THE TRUST WILL FILE QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL REPORTS WITH THE SEC. INVESTORS CAN READ AND COPY THESE REPORTS AT THE SEC PUBLIC REFERENCE FACILITIES IN WASHINGTON, D.C. PLEASE CALL THE SEC AT 1–800–SEC–0330 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.

 

 

THE FILINGS OF THE TRUST ARE POSTED AT THE SEC WEBSITE AT WWW.SEC.GOV.

 

REGULATORY NOTICES

 

NO DEALER, SALESMAN OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH OTHER INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST, ANY OF THE FUNDS, THE SPONSOR, THE AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANTS OR ANY OTHER PERSON.

 

THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY OFFER, SOLICITATION, OR SALE OF THE SHARES IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION, OR SALE IS NOT AUTHORIZED OR TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE ANY SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION, OR SALE.

 

 

AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANTS MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS WHEN TRANSACTING IN SHARES. SEE “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION” IN PART TWO OF THIS PROSPECTUS.

 

 

4
 

 

Part One
Offered Series Disclosure
Summary

 

Investors should read the following summary together with the more detailed information in this Prospectus before investing in any Shares, including the information under the caption “Risk Factors,” and all exhibits to this Prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, including the financial statements and the notes to those financial statements in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as amended, and Current Reports, if any, on Form 8-K. Please see the section entitled “Incorporation by Reference of Certain Documents” in Part Two of this Prospectus. For ease of reference, any references throughout this Prospectus to various actions taken by each of the Funds are actually actions that the Trust has taken on behalf of such Funds.

 

Definitions used in this Prospectus can be found in the Glossary in Appendix A.

 

Important Information About the Funds

 

The Funds are not appropriate for all investors and present different risks than other types of funds.

 

Each Fund intends to invest substantially all of its assets through either long or short positions, as applicable, in Bitcoin Futures Contracts in a manner consistent with its investment objective. Neither Fund invests directly in bitcoin. Bitcoin is a digital asset with a limited operating history. The performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts in which each Fund invests, and therefore the performance of the Funds, can be expected to be very different from the price of bitcoin. The value of a Fund’s investments in Bitcoin Futures Contracts may not be correlated with the price of bitcoin and may go down when the price of bitcoin goes up (and vice versa).

 

An investor should only consider an investment in a Fund if he or she understands the consequences of investing in Bitcoin Futures Contracts, exposure to bitcoin and, in the case of the Inverse Fund, the consequences of seeking daily inverse investment results.

 

The Matching Fund seeks as its investment objective results (before fees and expenses) that, both for a single day and over time, match the performance of the Benchmark.

 

The Inverse Fund seeks to return (before fees and expenses) the inverse (-1x) of the performance of the Benchmark for a single day, not for any other period. The Inverse Fund is designed to return for a single day the inverse (-1x) of the return that would be expected of a fund with an objective of matching the same Benchmark. The return of the Inverse Fund for a period longer than a single day is the result of its return for each day compounded over the period and usually will differ from the Fund’s multiple times the return of the Benchmark for the same period. Daily compounding of the Inverse Fund’s investment returns can dramatically and adversely affect its longer-term performance, particularly during periods of high volatility. Volatility may be at least as important to the Inverse Fund’s return for a period as the return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts that comprise the Fund’s Benchmark.

 

Bitcoin Futures Contracts have only recently been listed for trading and have a very limited trading history. There can be no assurance that an active trading market Bitcoin Futures Contracts will develop or be maintained. The Funds’ investments in Bitcoin Futures Contracts may be illiquid and/or highly volatile and the Funds may experience large losses from buying, selling or holding such investments. As with all investments, an investor in either Fund could potentially lose the full principal value of his/her investment, even over periods as short as one day.

 

Shareholders who invest in the Funds should actively manage and monitor their investments, as frequently as daily.

 

THE FUNDS WILL ATTEMPT TO MATCH, OR PROVIDE INVERSE EXPOSURE TO, THE PERFORMANCE OF FRONT MONTH BITCOIN FUTURES CONTRACTS IN A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES. THE FUNDS DO NOT INVEST DIRECTLY IN BITCOIN. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT THE BITCOIN FUTURES CONTRACTS WILL OR ARE LIKELY TO TRACK THE PRICE OF BITCOIN. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT THE FUNDS WILL GENERATE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THAT WHICH MAY BE ACHIEVED BY FUNDS THAT INVEST DIRECTLY IN BITCOIN. IN FACT, THERE CAN BE SHARP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE BITCOIN FUTURES CONTRACTS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF BITCOIN.

 

5
 

 

 
Fund Name  Benchmark
GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF  Front Month Bitcoin Futures
GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF  Front Month Bitcoin Futures

 

Each Fund uses as its “Benchmark” the performance of lead month Bitcoin Futures Contracts listed and traded on CFE. The Funds do not invest directly in bitcoin.

 

“Bitcoin” is a new digital asset based on the decentralized, open source protocol of the peer-to-peer bitcoin computer network (the “Bitcoin Network”). No single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin Network. Bitcoin is not issued by governments, banks or similar organizations. The infrastructure of the Bitcoin Network is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The Bitcoin Network is accessed through software, and software governs bitcoin’s creation, movement, and ownership. The value of bitcoin is determined, in part, by the supply of, and demand for, bitcoin in the global exchange markets for the trading of bitcoin (individually, “Bitcoin Exchanges” and collectively, the “Bitcoin Exchange Market”), market expectations for the adoption of bitcoin by individuals, the number of merchants that accept bitcoin as a form of payment and the volume of private end-user-to-end-user transactions.

 

Bitcoin transaction and ownership records are reflected on the “Bitcoin Blockchain,” which is a digital public record or ledger. Copies of this ledger are stored in a decentralized manner on the computers of each Bitcoin Network user. Transaction data is permanently recorded in files called “blocks,” which reflect transactions that have been recorded and authenticated by Bitcoin Network participants. The Bitcoin Network software source code includes protocols that govern the creation of bitcoin and the cryptographic system that secures and verifies Bitcoin transactions.

 

The Matching Fund

 

The Matching Fund seeks as its investment objective results (before fees and expenses) that, both for a single day and over time, match the performance of the Benchmark. By being “long” Bitcoin Futures Contracts, the Matching Fund seeks to benefit from daily increases in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. When the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by the Matching Fund declines the Matching Fund will lose value.

 

The Inverse Fund

 

The Inverse Fund seeks as its investment objective to provide a return (before fees and expenses) equal to the inverse (-1x) of the performance of the Benchmark for a single day, not for any other period. A “single day” is measured from the time the Fund calculates its net asset value (NAV) to the time of the Fund’s next NAV calculation. The NAV calculation time for the Funds, is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time; please see the section entitled “Summary—Creation and Redemption Transactions” on pages [6] for additional details on the NAV calculation time for the Funds. The Inverse Fund seeks to benefit from decreases in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. When the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts shorted by the Inverse Fund increases, the Inverse Fund will lose value.

 

The Inverse Fund seeks to engage in daily rebalancing to position its portfolio so that its exposure to the Benchmark is consistent with the Inverse Fund’s investment objective. The impact of the Benchmark’s movements during the day will affect whether the Inverse Fund’s portfolio needs to be repositioned. For example, if the level of the Benchmark has risen on a given day, net assets of the Inverse Fund should fall. As a result, inverse exposure will need to be decreased. Conversely, if the level of the Benchmark has fallen on a given day, net assets of the Inverse Fund should rise. As a result, inverse exposure will need to be increased. Daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time means that the return of the Inverse Fund for a period longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from the inverse (-1x) of the return of the Benchmark for the same period. The Inverse Fund will lose money if the Benchmark’s performance is flat over time, and it is possible for the Inverse Fund to lose money over time regardless of the performance of the Benchmark, as a result of daily rebalancing, the Benchmark’s volatility and compounding.

 

 

6
 

 

 

Both Funds

 

Each Fund intends to invest substantially all of its assets through either long or short positions, as applicable, in Bitcoin Futures Contracts in a manner consistent with its investment objective. Neither Fund invests directly in bitcoin.

 

Futures contracts expire on a designated date, referred to as the “expiration date.” Each Fund typically will invest in the front month Bitcoin Futures Contracts. The “front month contracts” are the contracts with the earliest expiration date. Prior to the expiration date of such contracts, each Fund will “roll” its Bitcoin Futures Contracts to the next “nearby” Bitcoin Futures Contract. The “nearby” contracts are those contracts with the next closest expiration date, The Funds will incur the costs (or benefits) of continually rolling into the new lead month contracts.

 

Futures contracts with a longer term to expiration may be priced higher than futures contracts with a shorter term to expiration, a relationship called “contango”. When rolling futures contracts that are in contango, the Matching Fund may sell the expiring Bitcoin Futures Contract at a lower price and buy a longer-dated Bitcoin Futures Contract at a higher price, resulting in a negative roll yield (i.e., a loss). Conversely, futures contracts with a longer term to expiration may be priced lower than futures contracts with a shorter term to expiration, a relationship called “backwardation”. When rolling futures contracts that are in backwardation, the Matching Fund may sell the expiring Bitcoin Futures Contract at a higher price and buy the longer-dated Bitcoin Futures Contract at a lower price, resulting in a positive roll yield (i.e., a gain).

 

When rolling futures contracts that are in contango, the Inverse Fund may buy the expiring Bitcoin Futures Contract at a lower price and sell a longer-dated Bitcoin Futures Contract at a higher price, resulting in a positive roll yield (i.e., a gain). When rolling futures contracts that are in backwardation, the Inverse Fund may buy the expiring Bitcoin Futures Contract at a higher price and sell the longer-dated Bitcoin Futures Contract at a lower price, resulting in a negative roll yield (i.e., a loss).

 

Each Fund generally seeks to remain fully invested at all times in Bitcoin Futures Contracts in a manner consistent with its stated investment objective without regard to market conditions, trends or direction.

 

The Funds will invest the remainder of their un-invested assets in high-quality, short-term debt instruments that have terms-to-maturity of less than 397 days, such as U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements (“Money Market Instruments”).

 

The Sponsor does not invest the assets of the Funds based on its view of the investment merit of a particular investment, other than for cash management purposes, nor does it conduct conventional volatility research or analysis, or forecast market movement or trends in managing the assets of the Funds.

 

GraniteShares Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, serves as the Trust’s Sponsor and commodity pool operator. The principal office of the Sponsor and the Funds is located at 30 Vesey Street 9th Floor, New York, New York 10007. The telephone number of the Sponsor and each of the Funds is +1 844-476-8747.

 

Purchases and Sales in the Secondary Market, on Cboe BZX Exchange

 

The Shares of each Fund will be listed on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) under the ticker symbols to be announced prior to the commencement of trading. Secondary market purchases and sales of Shares are subject to ordinary brokerage commissions and charges.

 

Creation and Redemption Transactions

 

Only an Authorized Participant may purchase (i.e., create) or redeem Creation Units in the Funds. Creation Units in a Fund are expected to be created when there is sufficient demand for Shares in such Fund that the market price per Share is at a premium to the NAV per Share. Authorized Participants will likely sell such Shares to the public at prices that are expected to reflect, among other factors, the trading price of the Shares of such Fund and the supply of and demand for the Shares at the time of sale and are expected to fall between the NAV and the trading price of the Shares at the time of sale. Similarly, it is expected that Creation Units in a Fund will be redeemed when the market price per Share of such Fund is at a discount to the NAV per Share. The Sponsor expects that the exploitation of such arbitrage opportunities by Authorized Participants and their clients and customers will tend to cause the public trading price of the Shares to track the NAV per Share of a Fund closely over time. Retail investors seeking to purchase or sell Shares on any day are expected to effect such transactions in the secondary market at the market price per Share, rather than in connection with the creation or redemption of Creation Units.

 

7
 

 

 

A creation transaction, which is subject to acceptance by Foreside, generally takes place when an Authorized Participant deposits a specified amount of cash (unless as provided otherwise in this Prospectus) in exchange for a specified number of Creation Units. Similarly, Shares can be redeemed only in Creation Units, for cash (unless as provided otherwise in this Prospectus). Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable. The prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next calculation of the NAV after an order is received in a form described in the Authorized Participant Agreement and the related Authorized Participant Handbook. The manner by which Creation Units are purchased and redeemed is dictated by the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement and Authorized Participant Handbook. By placing a purchase order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deposit cash (unless as provided otherwise in this Prospectus) with BNY, the custodian of the Funds.

 

Creation and redemption transactions must be placed each day with Foreside by the create/redeem cut-off time (stated below), or earlier if the Exchange or other exchange material to the valuation or operation of such Fund closes before such cut-off time, to receive that day’s NAV.

 

Create/Redeem Cut-off  NAV Calculation Time
[3:30] p.m. (Eastern Time)  4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time)

 

Breakeven Amounts

 

A Fund will be profitable only if returns from the Fund’s investments exceed its “breakeven amount.” Estimated breakeven amounts are set forth in the table below. The estimated breakeven amounts represent the estimated amount of trading income that each Fund would need to achieve during one year to offset such Fund’s estimated fees, costs and expenses, net of any interest income earned by such Fund on its investments. It is not possible to predict whether a Fund will break even at the end of the first twelve months of an investment or any other period. See “Charges—Breakeven Table,” beginning on page [ ], for more detailed tables showing Breakeven Amounts.

 

Fund Name  Breakeven Amount (% Per Annum of Average Daily NAV)*   Assumed Selling Price Per Share*   Breakeven Amount
($ for the Assumed Selling Price Per Shares)*
 
GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF               
GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF               

 

* The breakeven analysis set forth in this table assumes that the Shares have a constant month end NAV, and assumes that the selling price per Share will equal the NAV. The analysis is based on an assumed NAV per Share of each Fund as listed in the table above under Assumed Selling Price Per Share. The actual NAV of each Fund will differ and is likely to change on a daily basis. The numbers in this chart have been rounded to the nearest 0.01.

 

Important Tax Information

 

Please note that each Fund will distribute to shareholders a Schedule K-1 that will contain information regarding the income and expense items of the Fund. The Schedule K-1 is a complex form and shareholders may find that preparing tax returns may require additional time or may require the assistance of an accountant or other tax preparer, at an additional expense to the shareholder

 

8
 

 

Risk Factors

 

Before investors invest in Shares of either Fund, they should be aware that there are various risks. Investors should consider carefully the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this Prospectus, as well as information found in documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, before they decide to purchase any Shares. These risk factors may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by risk factors contained in any periodic report, prospectus supplement, post-effective amendment or in other reports filed with the SEC in the future.

 

Risks Applicable to Investing in the Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

The value of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts may not track the price of Bitcoin on the Bitcoin Exchange Market

 

The Funds are benchmarked to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts, which are a new type of futures contract. The Funds are not benchmarked to the price of bitcoin and will not invest directly in bitcoin. The value of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts is based on the expected value of bitcoin at a future point in time, specifically, the expiration date of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts on the exchange where such futures contract is listed. There are expected to be multiple exchanges listing a Bitcoin Futures Contract and each exchange will utilize prices from different sources therefore the value of a Bitcoin Futures Contract may be subject to additional volatility depending on where such futures contract is listed. A change in the price of bitcoin today will not necessarily result in a corresponding movement in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts since the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts is based on expectations of the price of bitcoin at a future point in time. As a result, each Fund should be expected to perform very differently from the performance of bitcoin (or the inverse of such performance) over all periods of time.

 

The market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts is new, has very limited trading history and may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets

 

Bitcoin Futures Contracts are a new type of futures contract. Unlike the established futures markets for traditional physical commodities, the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts is in the development stage and has very limited trading and operational history. As such, Bitcoin Futures Contracts and the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts may be riskier, less liquid, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market, industry, regulatory and other changes than more established futures contracts and futures markets. The liquidity of the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts will depend on, among other things, the supply and demand for Bitcoin Futures Contracts, the adoption of bitcoin and the commercial and speculative interest in the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts and the potential ability to hedge against the price of bitcoin with exchange-traded Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

Additionally, because the performance history of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts is extremely limited, the degree to which Bitcoin Futures Contracts are likely to provide exposure to movements in the price of bitcoin is extremely uncertain. If market participants executing trades in Bitcoin Futures Contracts face constraints, including capital constraints, security risks, or high execution costs, the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts may fail to capture price movements in the underlying price of bitcoin. Moreover, it is not clear how changes to the Bitcoin Network, including changes that result in “forks” (as described herein) will impact the price of any Bitcoin Futures Contracts. On August 1, 2017, the Bitcoin Network was forked by a group of developers and miners accepting changes to the Bitcoin Network software intended to increase transaction capacity. Blocks mined on this network now diverge from blocks mined on the Bitcoin Network, which has resulted in the creation of a new blockchain whose digital asset is referred to as “bitcoin cash.” Bitcoin and bitcoin cash now operate as separate, independent networks. Multiple proposals for increasing the capacity of the Bitcoin Network still exist, and it is possible that one or more of these proposals could result in further network “forks.” Such changes may influence the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts. In particular, it is possible that the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts subsequent to a “fork” will be linked to the price of bitcoin on only one of the resulting Bitcoin Networks, rather than the aggregate price of bitcoin on all resulting Bitcoin Networks, even though investors who hold bitcoin directly would participate in the value of bitcoin on all resulting Bitcoin Networks. It is likely that such changes to the Bitcoin Network would require determinations to be made with respect to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts by the relevant futures exchange, and it is possible that such determinations could adversely impact the value of Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

9
 

 

The form of bitcoin on which the CFE Bitcoin Futures Contract and their final settlement values will be based is the form of bitcoin in U.S. dollars traded on the Gemini Exchange. If the Gemini Exchange were to offer trading in multiple forms of bitcoin in U.S. dollars, CFE would designate the form of bitcoin traded on the Gemini Exchange on which XBT futures and their Final Settlement Values would be based for all then currently listed XBT futures contracts and subsequent XBT futures contract listings.

 

The final settlement price for Bitcoin Futures Contracts could be subject to price manipulation and fraud, which could raise concerns about the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and further limit their usage.

 

The final settlement price for Bitcoin Futures Contracts traded on the CFE and CME is determined in reference to bitcoin price determined on bitcoin exchanges. The CFE and CME implemented controls around the determination of the final settlement price either by aggregating prices across multiple bitcoin exchanges or by limiting the potential divergence between the price used and the average price observed on multiple bitcoin exchanges.

 

However, these controls rely on the ability of the selected bitcoin exchanges to provide a reliable price for bitcoin. The absence of regulation on most bitcoin exchanges increases the risk of price manipulation and fraud, that would result in the final settlement price being an inaccurate representation of the actual price of bitcoin at that time. That could raise concerns about the Bitcoin Futures Contracts providing exposure to the actual price of bitcoin. Such concerns could negatively impact the acceptance of Bitcoin Futures Contracts among market participants and would result in limited trading activity. As a consequence, that could limit the ability of the Authorized Participants to support the liquidity in the Funds.

 

Risks Applicable to Bitcoin and the Bitcoin Network.

 

Bitcoin is a new technological innovation with a very limited operating history.

 

Bitcoin has a very limited history of operations and there is no established performance record for the price of Bitcoin on the Bitcoin Exchange Market that can provide an adequate basis for evaluating an investment in bitcoin, or bitcoin derivatives such as the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. Although past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results, if bitcoin had an established history, such history might (or might not) provide investors with more information on which to evaluate an investment in the Funds.

 

The price of Bitcoin on the Bitcoin Exchange Market is highly volatile, which could have a negative impact on the performance of Bitcoin Futures Contracts and the performance of the Funds.

 

The price of bitcoin as determined by the Bitcoin Exchange Market has experienced periods of extreme volatility. This volatility is due in part to the changes exhibited by an early stage technological innovation. Speculators and investors who seek to profit from trading and holding bitcoin currently account for a significant portion of bitcoin demand. Such speculation regarding the potential future appreciation in the value of bitcoin may artificially inflate the price of bitcoin. Conversely, government regulation and the perception of onerous regulatory actions may cause a drop in the price of bitcoin. Developments related to the Bitcoin Network’s operations, individual bitcoin exchanges (the “Bitcoin Exchanges”) and the overall Bitcoin Exchange Market also contribute to the volatility in the price of bitcoin. These factors may continue to increase the volatility of the price of bitcoin which may have a negative impact on the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and on the performance of the Funds.

 

Bitcoin is available for trading 24-hours a day and, as such, the price of bitcoin may change dramatically when the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts is closed or when Shares are not available for trading on the Exchange.

 

The price of bitcoin may change sharply while the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts is closed or when the Exchange is closed. Although neither Fund will invest directly in bitcoin, such price changes could impact the price and volatility of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts in which the Funds invest and, therefore, could have a negative impact on your investment in the Funds.

 

10
 

 

The Bitcoin Exchanges on which bitcoin trades are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and, therefore, may be more exposed to fraud and security breaches than established, regulated exchanges for other products; this could have a negative impact on the Bitcoin Futures Contracts in which the Funds invest.

 

Over the past several years, a number of Bitcoin Exchanges have been closed due to fraud, failure, security breaches or governmental regulations. The nature of the assets held at Bitcoin Exchanges make them appealing targets for hackers and a number of Bitcoin Exchanges have been victims of cybercrimes. In many of these instances, the customers of such Bitcoin Exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such Bitcoin Exchanges. No Bitcoin Exchange is immune from these risks but the existence of these risks has created a higher barrier of entry for new Bitcoin Exchanges. The loss of confidence in new and smaller Bitcoin Exchanges and in the Bitcoin Exchange Market overall can slow down the mass adoption of bitcoin. Further, the failure of the Bitcoin Exchange Market or any other major component of the overall bitcoin ecosystem can have consequences for the Bitcoin Network, have an adverse effect on the price of bitcoin and could have a negative impact on the Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

A decline in the adoption of bitcoin could negatively impact the performance of the Funds.

 

Bitcoin’s adoption has been on a continuous climb since bitcoin first gained mass media attention in 2013. It is increasingly accepted as a form of payment in the U.S. and abroad. The adoption, however, has been limited when compared with the increase in the price of bitcoin as determined by the Bitcoin Exchange Market. The continued adoption of bitcoin will require growth in its usage and in the Bitcoin Blockchain, for various applications. Mass adoption of bitcoin will also require an accommodating regulatory environment. A lack of expansion in usage of bitcoin and the Bitcoin Blockchain could adversely affect the market for bitcoin and may have a negative impact on the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and the performance of the Fund. Even if growth in bitcoin adoption continues in the near or medium-term, there is no assurance that bitcoin usage, or the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts, will continue to grow over the long-term. A contraction in use of bitcoin may result in increased volatility or a reduction in the price of bitcoin, as well as increased volatility or a reduction in the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts, which could adversely impact the value of an investment in a Fund.

 

A new competing digital asset may pose a challenge to bitcoin’s current market dominance, resulting in a reduction in demand for bitcoin, which could have a negative impact on the price of bitcoin and may have a negative impact on the performance of Bitcoin Futures Contracts and the performance of the Fund.

 

The Bitcoin Network and bitcoin, as an asset, currently hold a “first-to-market” advantage over other digital assets. This first-to-market advantage has resulted in the Bitcoin Network evolving into the most well developed network of any digital asset. The Bitcoin Network enjoys the largest user base and, more importantly, the largest combined mining power in use to secure the Bitcoin Blockchain. Having a large mining network provides users confidence regarding the security and long-term stability of the Bitcoin Network. This in turn creates a domino effect that inures to the benefit of the Bitcoin Network – namely, the advantage of more users and miners makes a digital asset more secure, which potentially makes it more attractive to new users and miners, resulting in a network effect that potentially strengthens the first-to-market advantage. Despite the marked first-mover advantage of the Bitcoin Network over other digital assets, it is possible that real or perceived shortcomings in the Bitcoin Network, technological, regulatory or other developments could result in a decline in popularity and acceptance of bitcoin and the Bitcoin Network and that other digital currencies and trading systems could become more widely accepted and used than the Bitcoin Network.

 

Regulatory initiatives by governments and uniform law proposals by academics and participants in the bitcoin economy may impact the use of bitcoin or the operation of the Bitcoin Network in a manner that adversely affects the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and on your investment in the Funds.

 

As bitcoin and other digital assets have grown in popularity and in market size, certain U.S. federal and state governments, foreign governments and self-regulatory agencies have begun to examine the operations of bitcoin, digital assets, the Bitcoin Network, bitcoin users, Bitcoin Exchanges and the Bitcoin Exchange Market.

 

11
 

 

These regulatory efforts include, but are not limited to, the following.

 

U.S. Federal Regulations

 

On May 7, 2014 the SEC published an investor alert that highlighted fraud and other concerns relating to certain investment opportunities denominated in bitcoin and fraudulent and unregistered investment schemes targeted at participants in online bitcoin forums. On July 25, 2017, the SEC issued a Report of Investigation or Report which concluded that digital assets or tokens issued for the purpose of raising funds may be securities within the meaning of the federal securities laws. The Report emphasized that whether a digital asset is a security is based on the particular facts and circumstances, including the economic realities of the transactions. The SEC continues to take action against persons or entities misusing bitcoin in connection with fraudulent schemes (i.e., Ponzi scheme), inaccurate and inadequate publicly disseminated information, and the offering of unregistered securities.

 

On September 17, 2015, the CFTC provided clarity regarding the regulatory treatment of bitcoin in the Coinflip civil enforcement case. There the CFTC determined that bitcoin and other virtual currencies are regulated as commodities under the CEA. Based on this determination, the CFTC applied CEA provisions and CFTC regulations that apply to a bitcoin derivatives trading platform. Also of significance, the CFTC took the position that bitcoin is not encompassed by the definition of currency under the CEA and CFTC regulations. The CFTC defined bitcoin and other “virtual currencies” as “a digital representation of value that functions as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value, but does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. Bitcoin and other virtual currencies are distinct from ‘real’ currencies, which are the coin and paper money of the United States or another country that are designated as legal tender, circulate, and are customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance.” On July 6, 2017, the CFTC granted LedgerX, LLC an order of registration as a Swap Execution Facility for digital assets and on July 24, 2017, the CFTC approved Ledger X, LLC as the first derivatives clearing organization for digital currency. On September 21, 2017, the CFTC filed a civil enforcement action in federal court against a New York corporation and its principal, charging them with fraud, misappropriation, and issuing false account statements in connection with a Ponzi scheme involving investments in bitcoin, which the CFTC asserted is a commodity subject to its jurisdiction.

 

On March 18, 2013, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) a bureau of the US Department of the Treasury, issued interpretive guidance relating to the application of the Bank Secrecy Act to distributing, exchanging and transmitting “virtual currencies.” More specifically, it determined that a user of virtual currencies (such as bitcoin) for its own account will not be considered a money service business (“MSB”) or be required to register, report and perform recordkeeping; however, an administrator or exchanger of virtual currency must be a registered money services business under FinCEN’s money transmitter regulations. As a result, Bitcoin Exchanges that deal with U.S. residents or otherwise fall under U.S. jurisdiction are required to obtain licenses and comply with FinCEN regulations. FinCEN released additional guidance clarifying that, under the facts presented, miners acting solely for their own benefit, software developers, hardware manufacturers, escrow service providers and investors in bitcoin would not be required to register with FinCEN on the basis of such activity alone, but that Bitcoin Exchanges, certain types of payment processors and convertible digital asset administrators would likely be required to register with FinCEN on the basis of the activities described in the October 2014 and August 2015 letters. FinCEN has also taken significant enforcement steps against companies alleged to have violated its regulations, including the assessment in July 2017 of a civil money penalty in excess of $110 million against BTC-e for alleged willful violation of U.S. anti-money laundering laws.

 

U.S. State Regulations

 

In June 2015, the New York Department of Financial Services (the “NYDFS”) finalized a rule that requires most businesses involved in digital currency business activity in or involving New York, excluding merchants and consumers, to apply for a license (“BitLicense”) from the NYDFS and to comply with anti-money laundering, cyber security, consumer protection, and financial and reporting requirements, among others. As an alternative to the BitLicense in New York, firms can apply for a charter to become limited purpose trust companies qualified to engage in digital currency business activity. Other states have considered regimes similar to the BitLicense, or have required digital currency businesses to register with their states as money transmitters, such as Washington and Georgia, which results in digital currency businesses being subject to requirements similar to those of NYDFS’ BitLicense regime. Certain state regulators, such as the Texas Department of Banking, Kansas Office of the State Bank Commissioner and the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, have found that mere transmission of bitcoin, without activities involving transmission of fiat currency, does not constitute money transmission requiring licensure. The North Carolina Commissioner of Banks has issued guidance providing that North Carolina’s money transmission regulations only apply to the transmission of digital currency and not its use. In June 2014, the State of California adopted legislation that would formally repeal laws that could be interpreted as making illegal the use of bitcoin or other digital assets as a means of payment. In July 2017, Delaware amended its General Corporation Law to provide for the creation maintenance of certain required records by blockchain technology and permit its use for electronic transmission of stockholder communications.

 

12
 

 

Proposed Uniform Legal Frameworks

 

On September 15, 2015, the Conference of State Bank Supervisors finalized their proposed model regulatory framework for state regulation of participants in “virtual currency activities.” The Conference of State Bank Supervisors proposed framework is a non-binding model and would have to be independently adopted, in sum or in part, by state legislatures or regulators on a case-by-case basis. In July 2017, the Uniform Law Commission (the “ULC”), a private body of lawyers and legal academics from the several U.S. states, voted to finalize and approve a uniform model state law for the regulation of virtual currency businesses, including bitcoin (the “Uniform Virtual Currency Act”). Having been approved by the ULC, the Uniform Virtual Currency Act now goes to each of the U.S. states and territories for their consideration and would have to be independently adopted, in sum or in part, by state legislatures or regulators on a case-by-case basis.

 

Non-U.S. Regulation

 

The global regulatory landscape for bitcoin and other digital assets has been inconsistent and continues to evolve. Some countries have taken an accommodating approach to the regulation of digital assets while others have banned their use. There are various accommodative approaches a country may take. Sweden and Australia treat bitcoin as a currency, while Canada and Taiwan have labeled bitcoin as a digital or virtual currency, distinct from fiat currency. Norway categorizes bitcoin as a form of virtual asset or commodity. The United Kingdom treats bitcoin as private money and determined that the value added tax will not apply to bitcoin sales, but it can be charged on the commission instead. In April 2017, legislation took effect in Japan that treats bitcoin and other digital assets as included in the definition of currency. In July 2016, the European Commission released a draft directive that proposed applying counter-terrorism and anti-money laundering regulations to virtual currencies, and, in September 2016, the European Banking authority advised the European Commission to institute new regulation specific to virtual currencies, with amendments to existing regulation as a stopgap measure. Regulatory bodies in some countries such as India and Switzerland have declined to exercise regulatory authority when afforded the opportunity.

 

Other countries are not as accommodative of bitcoin. For example, the Chinese government on December 3, 2013 issued a notice that classified bitcoin as legal and “virtual commodities;” however, the same notice restricted the banking and payment industries from using bitcoin, creating uncertainty and limiting the ability of Bitcoin Exchanges to operate in the then-second largest bitcoin market. Then on September 15, 2017, the Chinese government and local financial regulators officially requested some Chinese Bitcoin Exchanges and digital asset trading platforms to shut down by the end of September 2017. In addition, the Central Bank of Bolivia banned the use of bitcoin as a means of payment in May 2014. Further, in July 2016, the Russian Ministry of Finance indicated it supports a proposed law that bans bitcoin domestically but allows for its use as a foreign currency. In September 2017 the head of the Russian central bank stated that it is categorically against regulating cryptocurrencies as money, as a means by which payment can be made for goods and services, and against equating them with foreign currency. China’s and other countries’ restrictive stance towards digital assets may reduce the rate of expansion of bitcoin use or even eliminate the use of bitcoin entirely in these geographies.

 

Still other countries have taken the approach of accommodating bitcoin’s underlying technology or a variation of it. For example, in the summer and fall of 2014, Ecuador announced plans for its own state-backed electronic money, while passing legislation that prohibits the use of decentralized digital assets such as bitcoin. In July 2016, economists at the Bank of England advocated that central banks issue their own digital currency, and the House of Lords and Bank of England started discussing the feasibility of creating a national virtual currency, the BritCoin. As of July 2016, Iceland was studying how to create a system in which all money is created by a central bank, and Canada was beginning to experiment with a digital version of its currency called CAD-COIN, intended to be used exclusively for interbank payments.

 

13
 

 

The regulation of bitcoin, digital assets and related products and services continues to evolve. The inconsistent and sometimes conflicting regulatory landscape may make it more difficult for bitcoin businesses to provide services, which may impede the growth of the bitcoin economy and have an adverse effect on consumer adoption of bitcoin. There is a possibility of future regulatory change altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Funds or the ability of the Funds to continue to operate. Additionally, to the extent that bitcoin itself is determined to be a security, commodity future or other regulated asset, or to the extent that a United States or foreign government or quasi-governmental agency exerts regulatory authority over the Bitcoin Network, bitcoin trading or ownership in bitcoin, the Bitcoin Futures Contracts may be adversely affected, which may have an adverse effect on the value of your investment in the Funds. In sum, bitcoin regulation takes many different forms and will, therefore, impact bitcoin and its usage in a variety of manners.

 

It may be illegal now, or in the future, to acquire, own, hold, sell or use bitcoin in one or more countries, which could have an adverse effect on the price of bitcoin and the Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

Although currently bitcoin is not regulated or is lightly regulated in most countries, including the United States, some countries have and one or more countries may in the future take regulatory actions that severely restrict the right to acquire, own, hold, sell or use bitcoin or to exchange bitcoin for fiat currency. Such restrictions could have an adverse effect on the price of bitcoin and the Bitcoin Futures Contracts in which the Funds invest and may adversely affect an investment in the Funds.

 

Intellectual property rights claims may adversely affect the operation of the Bitcoin Network.

 

The Bitcoin Network is currently maintained by the Core Developers (as defined herein) and no single entity owns the Bitcoin Network (see “Description of Bitcoin and the Bitcoin Network—The Bitcoin Network”). However, third parties may still assert intellectual property rights claims relating to the operation of the Bitcoin Network. Regardless of the merit of any intellectual property or other legal action, any threatened action that reduces confidence in the Bitcoin Network’s long-term viability or the ability of end-users to hold and transfer bitcoin may adversely affect the price of bitcoin and adversely affect the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. Additionally, a meritorious intellectual property rights claim could prevent end-users from accessing the Bitcoin Network or holding or transferring their bitcoin, which could adversely affect the value of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. As a result, an intellectual property rights claim against Bitcoin Network participants could have a material adverse impact on the Funds.

 

Banks may not provide banking services, or may cut off banking services, to businesses that provide bitcoin-related services or that accept bitcoin as payment, which could damage the public perception of bitcoin and the utility of bitcoin as a payment system and could decrease the price of bitcoin and the Bitcoin Futures Contract and adversely affect an investment in the Funds.

 

A number of companies that provide bitcoin-related services have been unable to find banks that are willing to provide them with bank accounts and banking services. Similarly, a number of such companies have had their existing bank accounts closed by their banks. Banks may refuse to provide bank accounts and other banking services to bitcoin-related companies or companies that accept bitcoin for a number of reasons, such as perceived compliance risks or costs. The difficulty that many businesses that provide bitcoin-related services have and may continue to have in finding banks willing to provide them with bank accounts and other banking services may be currently decreasing the usefulness of bitcoin as a payment system and harming public perception of bitcoin or could decrease its usefulness and harm its public perception in the future. Similarly, the usefulness of bitcoin as a payment system and the public perception of bitcoin could be damaged if banks were to close the accounts of many or of a few key businesses providing bitcoin-related services. This could decrease the price of bitcoin and have an adverse effect on the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts and therefore adversely affect an investment in the Funds.

 

14
 

 

Risks Specific to the Inverse Fund

 

In addition to the risks described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, the following risks apply to the Inverse Fund.

 

Due to the compounding of daily returns, the Inverse Fund’s returns over periods longer than a single day will likely differ in amount and possibly even direction from the Fund’s multiple (-1x) times the return of the Benchmark for the period.

 

The Inverse Fund has an investment objective to correspond (before fees and expenses) to the inverse (-1x) of the performance of the Benchmark for a single day. The Inverse Fund seeks investment results for a single day only, as measured from NAV calculation time to NAV calculation time, and not for any other period (see “Summary—Creation and Redemption Transactions” for the typical NAV calculation time of each Fund). The return of the Inverse Fund for a period longer than a single day is the result of its return for each day compounded over the period and usually will differ from the inverse (-1x) of the return of the Benchmark for the same period. The Inverse Fund will lose money if the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts it holds is flat over time, and it is possible for the Inverse Fund to lose money over time regardless of the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts, as a result of daily rebalancing, the Bitcoin Futures Contracts’ volatility and the effects of compounding. Longer holding periods, higher volatility, inverse exposure and greater leverage each affect the impact of compounding on the Inverse Fund’s returns. Daily compounding of the Inverse Fund’s investment returns can dramatically and adversely affect its longer-term performance during periods of high volatility. Volatility may be at least as important to the Inverse Fund’s return for a period as the return of the Benchmark.

 

The Inverse Fund is designed to return the inverse (-1x) of the return for a single day that would be expected of a fund with an objective of matching the Benchmark for such day. The Inverse Fund is not appropriate for all investors and presents different risks than other funds. The Inverse Fund uses leverage and is riskier than similarly benchmarked exchange-traded funds that do not use leverage. An investor should only consider an investment in the Inverse Fund if he or she understands the consequences of seeking inverse investment results for a single day. The Inverse Fund, if used properly and in conjunction with the investor’s view on the future direction and volatility of the markets, can be a useful tools for investors who want to manage their exposure to various markets and market segments and who are willing to monitor and/or periodically rebalance their portfolios.

 

Shareholders who invest in the Inverse Fund should actively manage and monitor their investments, as frequently as daily.

 

The hypothetical examples below illustrate how daily Inverse Fund returns can behave for periods longer than a single day. Each involves a hypothetical Fund XYZ that seeks the inverse of the daily performance of the Benchmark (i.e., lead month Bitcoin Futures Contracts). On each day, Fund XYZ performs in line with its objective (-1X the daily performance of the Benchmark before fees and expenses). Notice that, in the first example (showing an overall loss for the period), over the entire seven-day period, the Fund XYZ’s total return is less than the inverse of the loss of the period return of the Benchmark. For the seven-day period, the Bitcoin Futures Contracts lost -5.71% while Fund XYZ gained 4.21% (versus 5.71% (or -1 * (-5.71%)).

 

   Bitcoin Futures Contracts   Fund XYZ 
   Price   Daily Performance   Daily Performance   Price 
Start   100.00             $100.00 
Day 1   95.00    -5.00%   5.00%  $105.00 
Day 2   99.75    5.00%   -5.00%  $99.75 
Day 3   94.76    -5.00%   5.00%  $104.74 
Day 4   99.50    5.00%   -5.00%  $99.50 
Day 5   94.53    -5.00%   5.00%  $104.48 
Day 6   99.25    5.00%   -5.00%  $99.25 
Day 7   94.29    -5.00%   5.00%  $104.21 
Total Return        -5.71%   4.21%     

 

Similarly, in another example (showing an overall gain for the period), over the entire seven-day period, the Fund XYZ’s total return is less than the inverse of the period return of the Benchmark. For the seven-day period, the Bitcoin Futures Contracts gained 4.21% while Fund XYZ lost -5.71% (versus -4.21% (or -1 * 4.21%)).

 

15
 

 

   Bitcoin Futures Contracts   Fund XYZ 
   Price   Daily Performance   Daily Performance   Price 
Start   100.00             $100.00 
Day 1   105.00    5.00%   -5.00%  $95.00 
Day 2   99.75    -5.00%   5.00%  $99.75 
Day 3   104.74    5.00%   -5.00%  $94.76 
Day 4   99.50    -5.00%   5.00%  $99.50 
Day 5   104.48    5.00%   -5.00%  $94.53 
Day 6   99.25    -5.00%   5.00%  $99.25 
Day 7   104.21    5.00%   -5.00%  $94.29 
Total Return        4.21%   -5.71%     

 

These effects are caused by compounding, but has a more significant impact for the Inverse Fund. In general, during periods of higher Bitcoin Futures Contract volatility, compounding will cause the Inverse Fund’s results for periods longer than a single day to be less than the inverse (-1x) of the return of the Benchmark. This effect becomes more pronounced as volatility increases. Conversely, in periods of lower Bitcoin Futures Contract volatility, the Inverse Fund’s returns over longer periods can be higher than the inverse (-1X) of the Benchmark. Actual results for a particular period, before fees and expenses, are also dependent on the magnitude of the return of the.

 

The graphs that follow illustrate this point. Each of the graphs shows a simulated hypothetical one-year performance of the Benchmark (i.e., lead month Bitcoin Futures Contracts) compared with the performance of a fund that perfectly achieves its inverse daily investment objective on each day during the period. The graphs demonstrate that, for periods greater than a single day, an inverse fund is likely to underperform or overperform (but not match) the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts (or the inverse of the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts) times the multiple stated as the daily fund objective. Investors should understand the consequences of holding daily rebalanced funds for periods longer than a single day and should actively manage and monitor their investments, as frequently as daily. A one-year period is used solely for illustrative purposes. Deviations from the return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts (or the inverse of the return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts) times the fund multiple can occur over periods as short as two days (each day as measured from NAV to NAV) and may also occur in periods shorter than a single day (when measured intraday as opposed to NAV to NAV). See “Intraday Price/Performance Risk” below for additional details. To isolate the impact of daily leveraged exposure or inverse exposure, these graphs assume: a) no fund expenses or transaction costs; b) borrowing/lending rates (to obtain required leveraged or inverse exposure) and cash reinvestment rates of zero percent; and c) the fund consistently maintaining perfect exposure (-1x) as of the fund’s NAV calculation time each day. If these assumptions were different, the fund’s performance would be different than that shown. If fund expenses, transaction costs and financing expenses greater than zero percent were included, the fund’s performance would also be different than shown. Each of the graphs also assumes a volatility rate of 97%, which is the five year annualized volatility rate of the spot bitcoin prices against the U.S. Dollar reported by Bloomberg as of October 30, 2017. The prices reported by Bloomberg reflect Bloomberg’s proprietary composite rate of spot bitcoin against the U.S. Dollar at 15:59:59 Eastern Time for each trading day in U.S. equity markets. The composite rate is derived by aggregating information from the following Bitcoin exchanges: BitStamp, CoinBase, ItBit and Kraken. The volatility rate of spot bitcoin is used for illustrative purposes only because the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts is new and historical information about the volatility of such contracts for extended periods is not yet available. The volatility of spot bitcoin prices and the volatility of Bitcoin Futures Contracts can be expected to be different over both short and long periods of time.

 

These graphs are presented to provide examples of what can occur if an investor chooses to hold the Inverse Fund for periods longer than one-day. They are not intended to suggest that longer holding periods such as one-year are an appropriate holding period.

 

16
 

 

 

The graph above shows a scenario where the Benchmark, which exhibits day-to-day volatility, is flat or trendless over the year (i.e., begins and ends the year at 0%), but the Inverse Fund (-1x) is down.

 

 

The graph above shows a scenario where the Benchmark, which exhibits day-to-day volatility, is down over the year, but the Inverse Fund (-1x) is up less than the inverse of the Benchmark.

 

17
 

 

 

The graph above shows a scenario where the Benchmark, which exhibits day-to-day volatility, is up over the year, but the Inverse Fund (-1x) is down more than the inverse of the Benchmark.

 

The tables below illustrate the impact of two factors that affect the Inverse Fund’s performance, both volatility and returns of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. Volatility is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns of the Benchmark Futures Contracts. The tables show estimated fund returns for a number of combinations of both the volatility and return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts over a one-year period. To isolate the impact of daily inverse exposure, the graphs assume: a) no fund expenses or transaction costs; b) borrowing/lending rates of zero percent (to obtain required leveraged or inverse exposure) and cash reinvestment rates of zero percent; and c) each fund consistently maintaining perfect exposure (-1x) as of the fund’s NAV calculation time each day. If these assumptions were different, the funds’ performance would be different than that shown. If fund expenses, transaction costs and financing expenses were included, a fund’s performance would be different than shown. The table below shows an example in which an inverse fund has an investment objective to correspond (before fees and expenses) to the inverse (-1X) of the daily performance of the Benchmark. The inverse fund could incorrectly be expected to achieve a -10% return on a yearly basis if the return of the Benchmark was 10%, absent the effects of compounding. However, as the table shows, with volatility of the Benchmark of 95%, such a fund would return -63.1%. In the charts below, shaded areas represent those scenarios where an inverse fund with the investment objective described will outperform (i.e., return more than) the performance of the Benchmark times the stated multiple in the fund’s investment objective; conversely areas not shaded represent those scenarios where the fund will underperform (i.e., return less than) the performance of the Benchmark times the multiple stated as the daily fund objective.

 

Estimated Fund Return Over One Year When the Fund Objective is to Seek Investment Results For a single day, Before Fees and Expenses, that Correspond to the Inverse (-1x) of the Daily Performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

18
 

 

 

The foregoing table is intended to isolate the effect of volatility of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts on the return of an inverse (-1X) fund. The fund’s actual returns may be significantly greater or less than the returns shown above as a result of any of the factors discussed above or under the below risk factor describing correlation risks.

 

Correlation Risks Specific to the Inverse Fund

 

In order to achieve a high degree of inverse correlation with the Benchmark, the Inverse Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep exposure consistent with its investment objective. Being materially under or overexposed to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts may prevent the Inverse Fund from achieving a high degree of correlation with the Benchmark. Market disruptions or closures, large movements of assets into or out of the Inverse Fund, regulatory restrictions or extreme market volatility will adversely affect such Fund’s ability to adjust exposure to requisite levels. The target amount of portfolio exposure is impacted dynamically by the movements of the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by the Inverse Fund during each day. Because of this, it is unlikely that the Inverse Fund will be perfectly exposed (i.e., -1x) at the end of each day, and the likelihood of being materially under- or overexposed is higher on days when the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by the Inverse Fund are volatile near the close of the trading day.

 

In addition, unlike other funds that do not rebalance their portfolios as frequently, the Inverse Fund may be subject to increased trading costs associated with daily portfolio rebalancings in order to maintain appropriate exposure to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. Such costs include commissions paid to the FCMs, and may vary by FCM. The effects of these trading costs have been estimated and included in the Breakeven Table. See “Charges—Breakeven Table” on page [41].

 

For general correlation risks of the Inverse Fund, please see “Several factors may affect a Fund’s ability to closely track its investment objective on a consistent basis.” below.

 

19
 

 

Intraday Price/Performance Risk.

 

The Inverse Fund is typically rebalanced at or about the time of its NAV calculation time (which may be other than at the close of the U.S. equity markets). As such, the intraday position of the Inverse Fund will generally be different from the Inverse Fund’s stated daily investment objective (i.e., -1x). When Shares are bought intraday, the performance of the Inverse Fund’s Shares until the Inverse Fund’s next NAV calculation will generally be greater than or less than the Inverse Fund’s stated daily multiple.

 

The use of inverse positions by the Inverse Fund could result in the total loss of an investor’s investment.

 

Inverse positions can also result in the total loss of an investor’s investment. For the Inverse Fund, a single-day or intraday increase in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts approaching 100% could result in the total loss or almost total loss of an investor’s investment.

 

Additional Risks Applicable to Both Funds

 

The assets that the Funds invest in can be highly volatile and the Funds may experience large losses when buying, selling or holding such instruments.

 

Investments linked to bitcoin, including the Bitcoin Futures Contracts, can be highly volatile and may experience large losses. High volatility may have an adverse impact on the Funds beyond the impact of any performance-based losses of the underlying Bitcoin Futures Contracts, if any, especially with respect to the Inverse Fund (see “Risks Specific to the Inverse Fund” for additional details).

 

The Funds have no operating history, and, as a result, investors have no performance history to serve as a factor for evaluating an investment in the Funds.

 

The Funds have no performance history upon which to evaluate an investor’s investment in the Funds. Although past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results, if the Funds had any performance history, such performance history might (or might not) provide investors with more information on which to evaluate an investment in the Funds.

 

The lack of active trading markets for the Shares of the Funds may result in losses on investors’ investments at the time of disposition of Shares.

 

Although the Shares of the Funds are expected to be publicly listed and traded on the Exchange, there can be no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares of the Funds will develop or be maintained. If investors need to sell their Shares at a time when no active market for them exists, the price investors receive for their Shares, assuming that investors are able to sell them, likely will be lower than the price that investors would receive if an active market did exist.

 

Possible illiquid markets may exacerbate losses.

 

A Fund may not always be able to buy and sell portfolio investments at the desired price. Bitcoin Futures Contracts are a new asset with a very limited trading history. Therefore, the markets for these instruments may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets for more established products, such as futures contracts for traditional physical commodities. It is difficult to execute a trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in a market. A market disruption can also make it difficult to liquidate a position or find a suitable counterparty at a reasonable cost.

 

Market illiquidity may cause losses for the Funds. The large size of the positions which the Funds may acquire increases the risk of illiquidity by both making their positions more difficult to liquidate and increasing the losses incurred while trying to do so. Any type of disruption or illiquidity will potentially be exacerbated due to the fact that the Funds will typically invest in Futures Contracts related to one benchmark, which is highly concentrated.

 

20
 

 

Potential negative impact from rolling futures positions.

 

Under normal market conditions, each Fund intends to invest substantially all of its assets in Bitcoin Futures Contracts. The contractual obligations of a buyer or seller holding a futures contract to expiration may be satisfied by settling in cash as designated in the contract specifications. Alternatively, futures contracts may be closed out prior to expiration by making an offsetting sale or purchase of an identical futures contract on the same or linked exchange before the designated date of settlement. Once this date is reached, the futures contract “expires.” As the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by the Funds near expiration, they are generally closed out and replaced by contracts with a later expiration. This process is referred to as “rolling.” The Funds do not intend to hold Bitcoin Futures Contracts through expiration, but instead to “roll” their respective positions. Accordingly, the Funds are subjects to risks related to rolling.

 

When the market for certain futures contracts is such that the prices are higher in the more distant delivery months than in the nearer delivery months, the sale during the course of the “rolling process” of the more nearby Bitcoin Futures Contracts would take place at a price that is lower than the price of the more distant Bitcoin Futures Contracts. This pattern of higher futures prices for longer expiration Bitcoin Futures Contracts is often referred to as “contango.” Alternatively, when the market for certain Bitcoin Futures Contracts is such that the prices are higher in the nearer months than in the more distant months, the sale during the course of the “rolling process” of the more nearby Bitcoin Futures Contracts would take place at a price that is higher than the price of the more distant Bitcoin Futures Contracts. This pattern of higher future prices for shorter expiration Bitcoin Futures Contracts is referred to as “backwardation.”

 

  The presence of contango in the relevant Bitcoin Futures Contracts at the time of rolling would be expected to adversely affect the Matching Fund with long positions, and positively affect the Inverse Fund with short positions.
     
  Similarly, the presence of backwardation in certain Bitcoin Futures Contracts at the time of rolling such Bitcoin Futures Contracts would be expected to adversely affect the Inverse Fund with short positions and positively affect the Matching Fund with long positions.

 

There have been extended periods in which contango or backwardation has existed in certain futures markets in general (the market for bitcoin futures is in its infancy). Such periods could occur in the future for Bitcoin Futures Contracts and may cause significant and sustained losses.

 

Several factors may affect a Fund’s ability to closely track its investment objective on a consistent basis.

 

While the Funds seek to meet their investment objectives, there is no guarantee they will do so. Factors that may affect a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective include: (1) the Sponsor’s ability to purchase and sell Bitcoin Futures Contracts in a manner that correlates to a Fund’s objective; (2) an imperfect correlation between the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts actually held by a Fund and the performance of the Benchmark; (3) bid-ask spreads on Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by a Fund; (4) fees, expenses, transaction costs, financing costs associated with the use of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by a Fund; (5) holding Bitcoin Futures Contracts traded in a market that has become illiquid or disrupted; (6) a Fund’s Share prices being rounded to the nearest cent and/or valuation methodologies; (7) the need to conform a Fund’s portfolio holdings to comply with investment restrictions or policies or regulatory or tax law requirements; (8) early or unanticipated closings of the markets on which the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by a Fund trade, resulting in the inability of the Fund to execute intended portfolio transactions; (9) accounting standards; and (10) although the Sponsor employs an active rolling methodology that attempts to minimize any loses and to maximize any benefits from the rolling process, there can be no assurance that this outcome will occur and it is expected that such related activities will increase potential differences between the performance of the Funds and the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

Being materially under- or overexposed to Bitcoin Futures Contracts may prevent such Fund from achieving a high degree of correlation with the Benchmark, or the inverse (-1X) of the Benchmark, as applicable. Market disruptions or closures, large movements of assets into or out of the Funds, regulatory restrictions or extreme market volatility will adversely affect such Funds’ ability to maintain a high degree of correlation.

 

21
 

 

The value of the Shares of each Fund relates directly to the value of, and realized profit or loss from, the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and other assets held by that Fund. Fluctuations in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts or assets could materially adversely affect an investment in the Funds.

 

Several factors may affect the price and/or liquidity of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts owned by a Fund, including, but not limited to:

 

  Changes in the open-source software protocol of the Bitcoin Network (e.g., a “fork”) that impact the price (or expected future price) of bitcoin;
     
  The level of contango or backwardation in the Bitcoin Futures Contracts market;
     
  Government and quasi-government regulation of bitcoin and other digital assets and their use, or restrictions on or regulations of access to and operation of the Bitcoin Network or similar digital assets;
     
  Continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of bitcoin and other digital assets; and
     
  General economic conditions and the regulatory environment relating to bitcoin.

 

These factors interrelate in complex ways, and the effect of one factor on the market value of a Fund may offset or enhance the effect of another factor.

 

Each Fund seeks to provide investment results (before fees and expenses) that match the performance of the Benchmark, in the case of the Matching Fund, or that correspond to the daily performance of the inverse (-1x) of the Benchmark, in the case of the Inverse Fund, at all times, even during periods when the Benchmark is flat or when the Benchmark moving in a manner which causes the value of the Fund to decline.

 

Other than for cash management purposes and the rolling methodology employed by the Sponsor, the Funds are not actively managed by traditional methods (e.g., by effecting changes in the composition of a portfolio on the basis of judgments relating to economic, financial and market considerations with a view toward obtaining positive results under all market conditions). Rather, and subject to the Sponsor’s rolling methodology used for the Funds, the Sponsor seeks to cause the NAV of each Fund to track the daily performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts in accordance with such Fund’s investment objective, even during periods in which the Bitcoin Futures Contracts are flat or moving in a manner which causes the value of the Fund to decline. It is possible to lose money over time regardless of the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts, due to the effects of daily rebalancing, volatility and compounding (see “Risks Specific to the Inverse Fund” for additional details).

 

Fees are charged regardless of a Fund’s returns and may result in depletion of assets.

 

The Funds are subject to the fees and expenses described herein which are payable irrespective of a Fund’s returns, as well as the effects of commissions, trading spreads, and embedded financing, borrowing costs and fees associated with futures contracts, and costs relating to the purchase of U.S. Treasury securities or similar high credit quality, short-term fixed-income or similar securities. Additional charges may include other fees as applicable.

 

An investment in the Funds may be adversely affected by competition from other bitcoin investment vehicles or from investment vehicles focused on other digital assets.

 

The Funds will compete with direct investments in bitcoin and other potential financial vehicles, possibly including securities backed by or linked to bitcoin and other investment vehicles that focus on other digital assets. Market and financial conditions, and other conditions beyond the Funds’ control, may make it more attractive to invest in other vehicles which could adversely affect the performance of the Funds.

 

Investors cannot be assured of the Sponsor’s continued services, the discontinuance of which may be detrimental to the Funds.

 

Investors cannot be assured that the Sponsor will be able to continue to service the Funds for any length of time. If the Sponsor discontinues its activities on behalf of the Funds, the Funds may be adversely affected, as there may be no entity servicing the Funds for a period of time. If the Sponsor’s registrations with the CFTC or memberships in the NFA were revoked or suspended, the Sponsor would no longer be able to provide services and/or to render advice to the Funds. If the Sponsor were unable to provide services and/or advice to the Funds, the Funds would be unable to pursue their investment objectives unless and until the Sponsor’s ability to provide services and advice to the Funds was reinstated or a replacement for the Sponsor as commodity pool operator could be found. Such an event could result in termination of the Funds.

 

22
 

 

A Fund may terminate and liquidate at a time that is disadvantageous to shareholders.

 

If a Fund lacks the demand necessary to remain open, then the Fund will likely be terminated and liquidated. Termination and liquidation of a Fund could occur at a time that is disadvantageous to shareholders. When the Fund’s assets are sold as part of the Fund’s liquidation, the resulting proceeds distributed to shareholders may be less than those that may be realized in a sale outside of a liquidation context. Investors may be adversely affected by redemption or creation orders that are subject to postponement, suspension or rejection under certain circumstances.

 

Investors may be adversely affected by redemption or creation orders that are subject to postponement, suspension or rejection under certain circumstances.

 

A Fund may, in its discretion, suspend the right of creation or redemption or may postpone the redemption or purchase settlement date, for (1) any period during which the Exchange or any other exchange, marketplace or trading center, deemed to affect the normal operations of the Funds, is closed, or when trading is restricted or suspended or restricted on such exchanges in any of the Funds’ Bitcoin Futures Contracts, (2) any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which the fulfillment of a purchase order or the redemption distribution is not reasonably practicable, or (3) such other period as the Sponsor determines to be necessary for the protection of the shareholders of the Funds. In addition, a Fund will reject a redemption order if the order is not in proper form as described in the Authorized Participant Agreement or if the fulfillment of the order might be unlawful. Any such postponement, suspension or rejection could adversely affect a redeeming Authorized Participant. For example, the resulting delay may adversely affect the value of the Authorized Participant’s redemption proceeds if the NAV of a Fund declines during the period of delay. The Funds disclaim any liability for any loss or damage that may result from any such suspension or postponement. Suspension of creation privileges may adversely impact how the Shares are traded and arbitraged on the secondary market, which could cause them to trade at levels materially different (premiums and discounts) from the fair value of their underlying holdings.

 

The NAV may not always correspond to market price and, as a result, investors may be adversely affected by the creation or redemption of Creation Units at a value that differs from the market price of the Shares.

 

The NAV per Share of a Fund will change as fluctuations occur in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Investors should be aware that the public trading price per Share of a Fund may be different from the NAV per Share of the Fund (i.e., the secondary market price may trade at a premium or discount to NAV). Consequently, an Authorized Participant may be able to create or redeem a Creation Unit of a Fund at a discount or a premium to the public trading price per Share of that Fund.

 

The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the Fund’s NAV, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and demand for Shares. The Sponsor cannot predict whether Shares will trade above, below, or at their most recent NAV. Disruptions to creations and redemptions, the existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for Shares (including through a trading halt), as well as other factors, may result in Shares trading at a significant premium or discount to NAV or to the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV or sells Shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the Shares that were bought or sold.

 

Authorized Participants or their clients or customers may have an opportunity to realize a profit if they can purchase a Creation Unit at a discount to the public trading price of the Shares of a Fund or can redeem a Creation Unit at a premium over the public trading price of the Shares of a Fund. The Sponsor expects that the exploitation of such arbitrage opportunities by Authorized Participants and their clients and customers will tend to cause the public trading price to track the NAV per Share of the Funds closely over time.

 

23
 

 

Competing claims of intellectual property rights may adversely affect the Funds and an investment in the Funds.

 

The Sponsor believes that it has properly licensed or obtained the appropriate consent of all necessary parties with respect to intellectual property rights. However, other third parties could allege ownership as to such rights and may bring an action in asserting their claims. To the extent any action is brought by a third party asserting such rights, the expenses in litigating, negotiating, cross-licensing or otherwise settling such claims may adversely affect the Funds. Although the Sponsor does not anticipate that such claims will adversely impact the Funds, it is impossible to provide definite assurances that no such negative impact will occur.

 

Investors may be adversely affected by an overstatement or understatement of the NAV calculation of the Funds due to the valuation method employed on the date of the NAV calculation.

 

In certain circumstances, a Fund’s portfolio investments may be valued using techniques other than market quotations. The value established for a portfolio investment may be different from what would be produced through the use of another methodology or if it had been priced using market quotations. Portfolio investments that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including investments that are “fair valued” may be subject to greater fluctuation in their value from one day to the next than would be the case if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that the Fund could sell a portfolio investment for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that the Fund would incur a loss because an investment is sold at a discount to its established value.

 

The liquidity of the Shares may also be affected by the withdrawal from participation of Authorized Participants, which could adversely affect the market price of the Shares.

 

In the event that one or more Authorized Participants which have substantial interests in the Shares withdraw from participation, the liquidity of the Shares will likely decrease, which could adversely affect the market price of the Shares and result in investors incurring a loss on their investment.

 

The market infrastructure of the bitcoin cash market and the specific trading rules for Bitcoin Futures Contracts could result in the absence of active Authorized Participants able to support the trading activity of the Funds.

 

Bitcoin and by extension Bitcoin Futures Contracts are extremely volatile. There are also continuous concerns around the reliability of the bitcoin prices since it trades on multiple and unregulated exchanges. On that basis it could be extremely challenging for any Authorized Participants to provide continuous liquidity in the Shares and there can be no guarantee that the Registrant will be able to find an Authorized Participant to actively and continuously support the Funds.

 

The bitcoin spot market is mostly unregulated and highly fragmented across various exchange venues which can negatively impact the ability of Authorized Participants to implement arbitrage mechanisms.

 

The trading for spot bitcoins occurs on multiple trading venues that are mostly unregulated. The fragmentation of the volume across multiple exchanges can lead to a higher volatility than would be expected if the trading volume was concentrated on one trading venue. It also creates the risk of a material price discrepancy across the exchanges. The absence of trading regulation on most bitcoin exchanges makes it likely for price manipulation to occur frequently, which will result in even higher volatility and price differentials.

 

Although the Funds invest in Bitcoin Futures Contracts only, the difficulty for Authorized Participants to be able to identify a reliable price for bitcoin could negatively impact their ability to implement arbitrage mechanisms, which could result in very limited, or even the absence, of liquidity in the Shares. Any trading in the Shares would be likely to happen at a material premium or discount against the NAV.

 

24
 

 

Trading rules for Bitcoin Futures Contracts and the high volatility of bitcoin could prevent Authorized Participants implementing arbitrage mechanisms.

 

Trading of Bitcoin Futures Contracts listed on the CFE and CME is highly regulated. Among other rules, there are intraday volatility limits above which the trading in the futures contracts cannot occur. Since bitcoin is an extremely volatile instrument, it is very likely that the intraday volatility limits will be reached at one point of time, and in which case the Authorized Participants would not be in a position to implement the arbitrage mechanisms between the Shares and the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. That would result in very limited, or even the absence of, liquidity in the Shares. Any trading in the Shares would be likely to happen at a material premium or discount against the NAV.

 

Shareholders that are not Authorized Participants may only purchase or sell their Shares in secondary trading markets, and the conditions associated with trading in secondary markets may adversely affect investors’ investment in the Shares.

 

Only Authorized Participants may create or redeem Creation Units. All other investors that desire to purchase or sell Shares must do so through the Exchange or in other markets, if any, in which the Shares may be traded. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV per Share.

 

The Exchange may halt trading in the Shares of a Fund, which would adversely impact investors’ ability to sell Shares.

 

Trading in Shares of a Fund may be halted due to market conditions or, in light of the applicable Exchange rules and procedures, for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares of a Fund inadvisable. In addition, trading is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to “circuit breaker” rules that require trading to be halted for a specified period based on a specified decline or rise in a market index (e.g., the Dow Jones Industrial Average) or in the price of a Fund’s Shares. Additionally, the ability to short sell a Fund’s Shares may be restricted when there is a 10% or greater change from the previous day’s official closing price. There can be no assurance that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of the Shares of a Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

 

Shareholders do not have the protections associated with ownership of shares in an investment company registered under the 1940 Act.

 

The Funds are not subject to registration or regulation under the 1940 Act. Consequently, shareholders do not have the regulatory protections provided to investors in investment companies.

 

Shareholders do not have the rights enjoyed by investors in certain other vehicles and may be adversely affected by a lack of statutory rights and by limited voting and distribution rights.

 

The Shares have limited voting and distribution rights. For example, shareholders do not have the right to elect directors, the Funds may enact splits or reverse splits without shareholder approval and the Funds are not required to pay regular distributions, although the Funds may pay distributions at the discretion of the Sponsor.

 

The value of the Shares will be adversely affected if the Funds are required to indemnify the Trustee.

 

Under the Declaration of Trust, as may be further amended and restated from time to time (the “Trust Agreement”), the Trustee has the right to be indemnified for any liability or expense incurred without gross negligence or willful misconduct. That means the Sponsor may require the assets of a Fund to be sold in order to cover losses or liability suffered by it or by the Trustee. Any sale of that kind would reduce the NAV of one or more of the Funds.

 

Although the Shares of the Funds are limited liability investments, certain circumstances such as bankruptcy of a Fund will increase a shareholder’s liability.

 

The Shares of the Funds are limited liability investments; investors may not lose more than the amount that they invest plus any profits recognized on their investment. However, shareholders could be required, as a matter of bankruptcy law, to return to the estate of a Fund any distribution they received at a time when such Fund was in fact insolvent or in violation of the Trust Agreement.

 

25
 

 

Failure of the FCMs to segregate assets may increase losses in the Funds.

 

The CEA requires a clearing broker to segregate all funds received from customers from such broker’s proprietary assets. There is a risk that assets deposited by the Sponsor on behalf of the Funds as margin with the FCMs may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the FCMs. If an FCM fails to segregate the funds received from the Sponsor, the assets of the Funds might not be fully protected in the event of the FCM’s bankruptcy. Furthermore, in the event of an FCM’s bankruptcy, Fund Shares could be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the FCM’s combined customer accounts, even though certain property specifically traceable to a particular Fund was held by the FCM, and it is possible that a Fund may not be able to recover any funds in the event of the FCM’s bankruptcy. Each FCM may, from time to time, be the subject of certain regulatory and private causes of action.

 

Similarly, the CEA requires a clearing organization approved by the CFTC as a derivatives clearing organization to segregate all funds and other property received from a clearing member’s clients in connection with domestic futures and options contracts from any funds held at the clearing organization to support the clearing member’s proprietary trading. Nevertheless, customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any futures or options contracts may be held in a commingled omnibus account, which may not identify the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. With respect to futures and options contracts, a clearing organization may use assets of a non-defaulting customer held in an omnibus account at the clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing organization. As a result, in the event of a default of the clearing FCM’s other clients or the clearing FCM’s failure to extend its own funds in connection with any such default, a Fund may not be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited by the clearing FCM on behalf of the Fund with the clearing organization. In the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of any exchange or a clearing house, a Fund could experience a loss of the funds deposited through its FCM as margin with the exchange or clearing house, a loss of any profits on its open positions on the exchange, and the loss of unrealized profits on its closed positions on the exchange.

 

A court could potentially conclude that the assets and liabilities of a Fund are not segregated from those of another series of the Trust and may thereby potentially expose assets in a Fund to the liabilities of another series of the Trust.

 

Each series of the Trust is a separate series of a Delaware statutory trust and not itself a separate legal entity. Section 3804(a) of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended (the “DSTA”), provides that if certain provisions are in the formation and governing documents of a statutory trust organized in series, and if separate and distinct records are maintained for any series and the assets associated with that series are held in separate and distinct records (directly or indirectly, including through a nominee or otherwise) and accounted for in such separate and distinct records separately from the other assets of the statutory trust, or any series thereof, then the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series are enforceable against the assets of such series only, and not against the assets of the statutory trust generally or any other series thereof, and none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the statutory trust generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such series. The Sponsor is not aware of any court case that has interpreted Section 3804(a) of the DSTA or provided any guidance as to what is required for compliance. The Sponsor maintains separate and distinct records for each series and accounts for them separately, but it is possible a court could conclude that the methods used did not satisfy Section 3804(a) of the DSTA and thus potentially expose assets of a Fund to the liabilities of another series of the Trust.

 

There may be circumstances that could prevent a Fund from being operated in a manner consistent with its investment objective and principal investment strategies.

 

There may be circumstances outside the control of the Sponsor and/or a Fund that make it, for all practical purposes, impossible to re-position such Fund and/or to process a purchase or redemption order. Examples of such circumstances include: natural disasters; public service disruptions or utility problems such as those caused by fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy, and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the aforementioned parties, as well as the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”), or any other participant in the purchase process; and similar extraordinary events. Accordingly, while the Sponsor has implemented and tested a business continuity plan that transfers functions of any disrupted facility to another location and has effected a disaster recovery plan, circumstances, such as those above, may prevent a Fund from being operated in a manner consistent with its investment objective and/or principal investment strategies.

 

26
 

 

Due to the increased use of technologies, intentional and unintentional cyber-attacks pose operational and information security risks.

 

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Funds are susceptible to operational and information security risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches of a Fund’s third party service provider (including, but not limited to, index providers, the administrator and transfer agent) or the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of a Fund’s shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Funds have established business continuity plans and rely on systems to prevent such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified.

 

Regulatory and exchange accountability levels (if any) may restrict the creation of Creation Units and the operation of the Trust.

 

Many U.S. commodities exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. In addition, the CFTC, U.S. futures exchanges and certain non-U.S. exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” or “accountability levels” on the maximum net long or short futures positions that any person may hold or control in derivatives traded on such exchanges. The CFE has established the following position limits: A person: (i) may not own or control more than 5,000 contracts net long or net short in all XBT futures contract expirations combined and (ii) may not own or control more than 1,000 contracts net long or net short in the expiring XBT futures contract, commencing at the start of trading hours 5 business days prior to the Final Settlement Date of the expiring XBT futures contract. The foregoing position limits shall not apply to positions that are subject to a position limit exemption meeting the requirements of Commission Regulations and CFE Rules.

 

If a Fund were to become unable to enter into additional positions in Bitcoin Futures Contracts, it may be required to suspend the ability of Authorized Participants to purchase additional Creation Units. During any such suspension, it is expected that Authorized Participants and market makers will continue to actively trade Shares of the Fund. However, there may be increases in the spread they quote between offers to buy and sell shares to allow them to adjust to the potential uncertainty as to when they might be able to purchase additional Creation Units. In addition, there could be a significant variation between the market price at which Shares are traded and the Shares’ net asset value, which is also the price at which shares can be redeemed by Authorized Participants in Creation Units. The potential impact of either wider spreads between bid and offer prices, or reduced number of Shares on which quotes may be available, could increase trading costs to investors. It is expected that any potential impact to the market in shares of the Funds would not extend beyond the time when additional Shares become available for issuance and purchase.

 

27
 

 

In connection with these limits, the Dodd-Frank Act has required the CFTC to adopt regulations establishing speculative position limits applicable to regulated futures and OTC derivatives and impose aggregate speculative position limits across regulated U.S. futures, OTC positions and certain futures contracts traded on non-U.S. exchanges. In December 2016, the CFTC re-proposed rules on position limits with respect to the 25 physical delivery commodity futures and options contracts, as well as to swaps that are economically equivalent to such contracts. The re-proposed position limits would apply with respect to contracts traded on all U.S. and certain foreign exchanges on an aggregate basis. In addition, the CFTC proposed amendments to the requirement of U.S. commodities exchanges to establish corresponding speculative position limits (the “Position Limit Rules”). The re-proposed Position Limit Rules are based on the position limit rules previously proposed in 2013 by the CFTC. In December 2016, the CFTC also adopted final regulations requiring that all accounts owned or managed by an entity that is responsible for such accounts’ trading decisions, their principals and their affiliates would be aggregated for position limit purposes (the “Aggregation Rules”). The re-proposed Position Limit Rules were published in the Federal Register on December 30, 2016, and final Aggregation Rules were published in the Federal Register December 16, 2016 and became effective on February 14, 2017.

 

Although it is unclear what futures position limit rules will be, the Sponsor is subject to current position and accountability limits established by the CFTC and exchanges. Accordingly, it may be required to reduce the size of outstanding positions or not enter into new positions that would otherwise be taken for the Fund or not trade certain markets on behalf of the Fund in order to comply with those limits or any future limits established by the CFTC and the relevant exchanges. Derivatives contract prices could move to a limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of derivatives positions and potentially subjecting the Funds to substantial losses or periods in which such Funds do not create additional Creation Units. Modification of trades made by the Trust, if required, could adversely affect the Trust’s operations and profitability and significantly limit the Trust’s ability to reinvest income in additional contracts, create additional Creation Units, or add to existing positions in the desired amount.

 

In addition, the Sponsor may be required to liquidate certain open positions in order to ensure compliance with the speculative position limits at unfavorable prices, which may result in substantial losses for the relevant Funds. There also can be no assurance that the Sponsor will liquidate positions held on behalf of all the Sponsor’s accounts, including any proprietary accounts, in a proportionate manner. In the event the Sponsor chooses to liquidate a disproportionate number of positions held on behalf of any of the Funds at unfavorable prices, such Funds may incur substantial losses and the value of the Shares may be adversely affected.

 

Further, in October 2012, CFTC rules became effective, which require each registered FCM to establish risk-based limits on position and order size. As a result, the Trust’s FCMs may be required to reduce their internal limits on the size of the positions they will execute or clear for the Funds, and the Trust may seek to use additional FCMs, which may increase the costs for the Funds and adversely affect the value of the Shares.

 

The Trust may apply to the CFTC or to the relevant exchanges for relief from certain position limits. If the Trust is unable to obtain such relief, a Fund’s ability to issue new Creation Units, or a Fund’s ability to reinvest income in additional futures contracts, may be limited to the extent these activities cause the Trust to exceed applicable position limits. Limiting the size of a Fund may affect the correlation between the price of the Shares, as traded on an exchange, and the net asset value of such Fund. Accordingly, the inability to create additional Creation Units or add to existing positions in the desired amount could result in Shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV.

 

Margin requirements for Bitcoin Futures Contracts are materially higher than the typical margin requirements for other futures contracts, which may limit the growth of the adoption of Bitcoin Futures Contracts by market participants and could negatively impact the performance of the Funds.

 

The price of bitcoin has been subject to periods of sudden and high volatility and double-digit percentage swings within a single day are not uncommon. Consequently, it is expected that the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts may also experience periods of sudden and high volatility. As a result, the CFE and CME have established margin requirements for Bitcoin Futures Contracts at levels substantially higher than the margin requirements for more established futures contracts. The increased margin requirements may result in much higher upfront costs for the Funds. Market participants may be deterred from incorporating Bitcoin Futures Contracts into their investment strategies due to these higher costs and other limitations created by the high margin requirements, such as the limit on their ability to use leverage to invest in Bitcoin Futures Contracts. A reduction in the adoption of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts will negatively impact the market for Bitcoin Futures Contracts and could negatively impact the performance of the Funds. In addition, the continued volatility in the price of bitcoin may result in further increases to the margin requirements for Bitcoin Futures Contracts by the CFE and CME, as well as some FCMs imposing margin requirements on their customers in amounts that are higher than the margin required by the exchanges.

 

28
 

 

The Presence of Multiple Exchange-Traded Financial Products Using Bitcoin Futures Contracts as part of their Strategy Could Increase or even further the Volatility in the Market and Eventually Negatively Impact the Performance of the Funds.

 

Bitcoin Futures Contracts are new products with limited liquidity and are extremely volatile instruments. The potential for liquidity constraints could be exacerbated by the presence of exchange-traded financial products with similar investment objectives to the Funds, as they will all compete for a limited pool of available bitcoin-related futures contracts and such competition may increase even further the volatility in Bitcoin Futures Contracts and by extension the NAV of the Funds. It is possible that the competition for liquidity between exchange-traded financial products using the Bitcoin Futures Contracts as part of their strategy could result in Bitcoin Futures Contracts to trade at a material premium or discount against the price of bitcoin. That would negatively impact the performance of the Funds when comparing against the performance of bitcoin.

 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of expressions such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “estimate” or any negative or other variations on such expression. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to the Sponsor and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors, both known, such as those described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, and unknown, that could cause the actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities of the Funds to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Except as expressly required by federal securities laws, the Trust assumes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Investors should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

 

Description of Bitcoin and the Bitcoin Network

 

Bitcoin

 

Bitcoin is a new type of digital asset that is issued by, and transmitted through, the decentralized, open source protocol of the bitcoin peer-to-peer network (the “Bitcoin Network”) that hosts a public transaction ledger where bitcoin transfers are recorded (the “Bitcoin Blockchain”). Bitcoin is “stored” or reflected on the Bitcoin Blockchain, which through the transparent reporting of bitcoin transactions, allows the Bitcoin Network to verify and confirm the rightful ownership of the bitcoin assets. The Bitcoin Network and bitcoin software programs can interpret the Bitcoin Blockchain to determine the exact bitcoin balance, if any, of any digital wallet listed in the Bitcoin Blockchain as having taken part in a transaction on the Bitcoin Network. The Bitcoin Blockchain is comprised of a digital file, downloaded and stored, in whole or in part, on all Bitcoin users’ software programs. Each bitcoin transaction is broadcast to the Bitcoin Network and permanently recorded on the Bitcoin Blockchain.

 

In order to own, transfer or use bitcoin, a person generally must have internet access to connect to the Bitcoin Network. Bitcoin transactions between parties occur rapidly (typically between a few seconds and a few minutes) and may be made directly between end-users without the need for a third-party intermediary, although there are entities that provide third-party intermediary services. Bitcoin’s technological breakthrough was the implementation of system to prevent double spending of a single bitcoin. To prevent the possibility of double-spending a single bitcoin, each transaction is recorded, time stamped and publicly displayed in a “block” in the Bitcoin Blockchain, which is publicly available. Thus, the Bitcoin Network provides confirmation against double-spending by memorializing every transaction in the Bitcoin Blockchain, which is publicly accessible and downloaded in part or in whole by all users’ of the Bitcoin Network software program.

 

29
 

 

The process by which bitcoin are created and bitcoin transactions are verified is called mining. To begin mining, a user, or “miner,” can download and run a mining client, which, like regular Bitcoin Network software programs, turns the user’s computer into a “node” on the Bitcoin Network that validates blocks. Bitcoin transactions are recorded in new blocks that are added to the Bitcoin Blockchain and new bitcoin being issued to the miners. Miners, through the use of the bitcoin software program, engage in a set of prescribed complex mathematical calculations in order to add a block to the Bitcoin Blockchain and thereby confirm bitcoin transactions included in that block’s data. Bitcoin is created and allocated by the Bitcoin Network protocol through a “mining” process subject to a strict, well-known issuance schedule.

 

Most bitcoin transactions are recorded in blocks added to the Bitcoin Blockchain. Each block contains the details of some or all of the most recent transactions that are not memorialized in prior blocks, as well as a record of the award of bitcoin to the miner who added the new block. Each unique block can only be solved and added to the Bitcoin Blockchain by one miner; therefore, all individual miners and mining pools on the Bitcoin Network are engaged in a competitive process of constantly increasing their computing power to improve their likelihood of solving for new blocks. As more miners join the Bitcoin Network and its processing power increases, the Bitcoin Network adjusts the complexity of the block-solving equation to maintain a predetermined pace of adding a new block to the Bitcoin Blockchain approximately every ten minutes.

 

The value of bitcoin is determined, in part, by the supply of and demand for bitcoin in the Bitcoin Exchange Market, market expectations for the adoption of bitcoin by individuals, the number of merchants that accept bitcoin as a form of payment and the volume of private end-user-to-end-user transactions.

 

The Bitcoin Network

 

The Bitcoin Network was initially contemplated in a 2009 white paper that also described bitcoin and the operating software to govern the Bitcoin Network. The white paper was purportedly authored by Satoshi Nakamoto; however, no individual with that name has been reliably identified as bitcoin’s creator, and the general consensus is that the name is a pseudonym for the actual inventor or inventors. Since its introduction, the Bitcoin Network has been under active development by a group of developers (the “Core Developers”). As an open source project, however, bitcoin is not represented by an official organization or authority. No single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin Network. The Bitcoin Network does not rely on either governmental authorities or financial institutions to create, transmit or determine the value of bitcoin. Rather, the Bitcoin Network’s infrastructure is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base.

 

The Bitcoin Network hosts the decentralized public transaction ledger, known as the Bitcoin Blockchain, on which all bitcoin transactions are recorded. While no single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin Network, the Core Developers are able to access and can alter the Bitcoin Network source code and, as a result, they are responsible for quasi-official releases of updates and other changes to the Bitcoin Network’s source code. However, users and miners must accept any changes made to the bitcoin source code by downloading the proposed modification of the Bitcoin Network’s source code. A modification of the Bitcoin Network’s source code is only effective with respect to the bitcoin users and miners that download it. If a modification is accepted only by a percentage of users and miners, a division in the Bitcoin Network will occur such that one network will run the pre-modification source code and the other network will run the modified source code. Such a division is known as a “fork” in the Bitcoin Network.

 

On August 1, 2017, the Bitcoin Network was forked by a group of developers and miners accepting changes to the bitcoin network software intended to increase transaction capacity. Blocks mined on this network now diverge from blocks mined on the Bitcoin Network, which has resulted in the creation of a new blockchain whose digital asset is referred to as “bitcoin cash.” Bitcoin and bitcoin cash now operate as separate, independent networks. Multiple proposals for increasing the capacity of the Bitcoin Network still exist, and it is possible that one or more of these proposals could result in further network “forks.”

 

30
 

 

Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Strategies

 

Investment Objectives

 

Investment Objective of the Matching Fund: The Matching Fund seeks as its investment objective results (before fees and expenses) that, both for a single day and over time, match the performance of the Benchmark. By being long Bitcoin Futures Contracts, the Matching Fund seeks to benefit from daily increases in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. When the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by the Matching Fund declines the Matching Fund will lose value.

 

Investment Objective of the Inverse Fund: The Inverse Fund seeks results for a single day that match (before fees and expenses) the inverse (-1x) of the daily performance of the Benchmark. The Inverse Fund does not seek to achieve its stated objective over a period greater than a single day. A “single day” is measured from the time the Inverse Fund calculates its NAV to the time of the Inverse Fund’s next NAV calculation. The Inverse Fund seeks to benefit from decreases in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. When the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts shorted by the Inverse Fund increases the Inverse Fund will lose value.

 

If the Inverse Fund is successful in meeting its objective, its value on a given day (before fees and expenses) should gain approximately as much on a percentage basis as the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts when the Bitcoin Futures Contracts declines. Conversely, its value on a given day (before fees and expenses) should lose approximately as much on a percentage basis as the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts when the Bitcoin Futures Contracts rises. The Inverse Fund acquires inverse exposure through any one of or combinations of Bitcoin Futures Contracts, such that the Inverse Fund has exposure intended to approximate the inverse (-1x) of the Benchmark at the time of the Fund’s NAV calculation.

 

There can be no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective or avoid substantial losses. The Funds are benchmarked to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. The Funds are not benchmarked to bitcoin and do not invest in bitcoin. The Funds should be expected to perform very differently from the performance (or inverse of the performance) of bitcoin.

 

The Inverse Fund does not seek to achieve its stated investment objective over a period of time greater than a single day because mathematical compounding prevents the Inverse Fund from achieving such results. Results for the Inverse Fund over periods of time greater than a single day should not be expected to be the inverse (-1x) of the period return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and will likely differ significantly from such. The Inverse Fund will lose money if the Bitcoin Futures Contracts’ performance is flat over time, and it is possible for the Inverse Fund to lose money over time regardless of the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts, as a result of daily rebalancing, volatility and compounding. Daily compounding of the Inverse Fund’s investment returns can dramatically and adversely affect its longer-term performance during periods of high volatility. Volatility may be at least as important to the Inverse Fund’s return for a period as the return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

In seeking to achieve the Funds’ investment objectives, the Sponsor uses a mathematical approach to investing. Using this approach, the Sponsor determines the type, quantity and mix of investment positions that the Sponsor believes, in combination, should produce daily returns consistent with the Funds’ objectives. The Sponsor relies upon a pre-determined model to generate orders that result in repositioning the Funds’ investments in accordance with their respective investment objective.

 

Each Fund invests substantially all of its assets in Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

Each Fund will also hold Money Market Instruments, as collateral for, or pending investment in, Bitcoin Futures Contracts.

 

Subject to the Sponsor’s rolling methodology used for the Funds, the Sponsor does not invest the assets of the Funds based on its view of the investment merit of a particular investment, other than for cash management purposes, nor does it conduct conventional volatility research or analysis, or forecast market movement or trends, in managing the assets of the Funds. Each Fund seeks to remain fully invested at all times in Bitcoin Futures Contracts and Money Market Instruments that, in combination, provide exposure to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts consistent with its investment objective without regard to market conditions, trends or direction.

 

31
 

 

As of the NAV calculation time each trading day, each Fund will seek to reposition its portfolio so that its exposure to the Bitcoin Futures Contracts is consistent with its investment objective. The impact of the Benchmark’s movements during the day will affect whether the Inverse Fund’s portfolio needs to be rebalanced. For example, if the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts has risen on a given day, net assets of the Inverse Fund should fall. As a result, inverse exposure will need to be decreased. Conversely, if the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts have fallen on a given day, net assets of the Inverse Fund should rise. As a result, inverse exposure will need to be increased. Daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time means that the return of the Inverse Fund for a period longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from the inverse (-1x) of the return of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts for the same period. The Inverse Fund will lose money if the Bitcoin Futures Contracts’ performance is flat over time, and it is possible for the Inverse Fund to lose money over time regardless of the performance of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts, as a result of daily rebalancing, volatility and compounding.

 

Bitcoin Futures Contracts

 

Under normal market conditions, each Fund invests substantially all of its assets in Bitcoin Futures Contracts. Bitcoin Futures Contracts offer traders the ability to take a view on the expected future price of bitcoin. The Bitcoin Futures Contracts are listed and traded on the CFE under the ticker symbol “XBT”. As noted above, there are expected to be multiple exchanges listing a Bitcoin Futures Contract and each exchange will utilize prices from different sources therefore the value of a Bitcoin Futures Contract may be subject to additional volatility depending on where such futures contract is listed.

 

The Matching Fund generally invests in rolling long positions in Bitcoin Futures Contracts. By being long Bitcoin Futures Contracts, the Matching Fund seeks to benefit from increases, both on a daily basis and over time, in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts. When the prices of Bitcoin Futures Contracts decline on a daily basis, the Matching Fund will lose value.

 

The Inverse Fund seeks to benefit from decreases in the price of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts for a single day, not for any other period. When the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts increases on a daily basis, the Inverse Fund will lose value. A “single day” for these purposes is measured from the time the Fund calculates its net asset value (NAV) to the time of the Fund’s next NAV calculation. The NAV calculation time for the Funds, is typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

 

A futures contract is a standardized contract traded on, or subject to the rules of, an exchange that calls for the future delivery of a specified quantity and type of a particular underlying asset at a specified time and place or alternatively may call for cash settlement. Futures contracts are traded on a wide variety of underlying assets, including bonds, interest rates, agricultural products, stock indexes, currencies, digital assets, energy, metals, economic indicators and statistical measures. The notional size and calendar term futures contracts on a particular underlying asset are identical and are not subject to any negotiation, other than with respect to price and the number of contracts traded between the buyer and seller. Each Fund generally deposits cash with an FCM for its open positions in futures contracts, which may, in turn, transfer such deposits to the clearing house to protect the clearing house against non-payment by a Fund. The clearing house becomes substituted for each counterparty to a futures contract, and, in effect, guarantees performance. In addition, the FCM may require the Funds to deposit collateral in excess of the clearing house’s margin requirements for the FCM’s own protection.

 

Certain futures contracts, including the Bitcoin Futures Contracts settle in cash, reflecting the difference between the contract purchase/sale price and the contract settlement price. The cash settlement mechanism avoids the potential for either side to have to deliver the underlying asset. For other futures contracts, the contractual obligations of a buyer or seller may generally be satisfied by taking or making physical delivery of the underlying asset or by making an offsetting sale or purchase of an identical futures contract on the same or linked exchange before the designated date of delivery. The difference between the price at which the futures contract is purchased or sold and the price paid for the offsetting sale or purchase, after allowance for brokerage commissions, constitutes the profit or loss to the trader.

 

32
 

 

Futures contracts involve, to varying degrees, elements of market risk and exposure to loss in excess of the amounts of variation margin, which are the amounts of cash that the Funds agree to pay to or receive from FCMs equal to the daily fluctuation in the value of a futures contract. Additional risks associated with the use of futures contracts are imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contracts and the level of the underlying benchmark and the possibility of an illiquid market for a futures contract.

 

With futures contracts, there is minimal but some counterparty risk to the Funds since futures contracts are exchange traded and the exchange’s clearinghouse, as counterparty to all exchange-traded futures contracts, effectively guarantees futures contracts against default. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified times during the trading day. Futures contracts prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting a Fund to substantial losses. If trading is not possible or if a Fund determines not to close a futures position in anticipation of adverse price movements, a Fund may be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.

 

Rolling of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts

 

The contractual obligations of a buyer or seller holding a futures contract to expiration may be satisfied by settling in cash as designated in the contract specifications. Alternatively, futures contracts may be closed out prior to expiration by making an offsetting sale or purchase of an identical futures contract on the same or linked exchange before the designated date of settlement. Once this date is reached, the futures contract “expires.” As the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by the Funds near expiration, they are generally closed out and replaced by contracts with a later expiration. This process is referred to as “rolling.” The Funds do not intend to hold Bitcoin Futures Contracts through expiration, but instead to “roll” their respective positions. Accordingly, the Funds are subjects to risks related to rolling.

 

When the market for these Bitcoin Futures Contracts is such that the prices are higher in the more distant delivery months than in the nearer delivery months, the sale during the course of the “rolling process” of the more nearby Futures Contracts would take place at a price that is lower than the price of the more distant Bitcoin Futures Contracts. This pattern of higher futures prices for longer expiration Bitcoin Futures Contracts is often referred to as “contango.” Alternatively, when the market for these Bitcoin Futures Contracts is such that the prices are higher in the nearer months than in the more distant months, the sale during the course of the “rolling process” of the more nearby Bitcoin Futures Contracts would take place at a price that is higher than the price of the more distant Bitcoin Futures Contracts. This pattern of higher future prices for shorter expiration Bitcoin Futures Contracts is referred to as “backwardation.”

 

  The presence of contango in the relevant Bitcoin Futures Contracts at the time of rolling would be expected to adversely affect the Matching Fund with long positions, and positively affect the Inverse Fund with short positions.
     
  Similarly, the presence of backwardation in certain Bitcoin Futures Contracts at the time of rolling such Bitcoin Futures Contracts would be expected to adversely affect the Inverse Fund with short positions and positively affect the Matching Fund with long positions.

 

Money Market Instruments

 

Money market instruments are short-term debt instruments that have a remaining maturity of 397 days or less and exhibit high quality credit profiles. Money market instruments may include U.S. government securities, securities issued by governments of other developed countries and repurchase agreements.

 

U.S. Derivatives Exchanges

 

Derivatives exchanges provide centralized market facilities for trading derivatives in which multiple persons have the ability to execute or trade contracts by accepting bids and offers from multiple participants. Members of, and trades executed on, a particular exchange are subject to the rules of that exchange. Among the principal exchanges in the United States are the Chicago Board Options Exchange (“CBOE”) (which includes the CFE), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) (which includes, among others, the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”) and the NYMEX) and the Intercontinental Exchange (“ICE”)).

 

33
 

 

Each derivatives exchange in the United States has an associated “clearing house.” Clearing houses provide services designed to transfer credit risk and ensure the integrity of trades. Once trades between members of an exchange have been confirmed and/or cleared, the clearing house becomes substituted for each buyer and each seller of contracts traded on the exchange and, in effect, becomes the other party to each trader’s open position in the market. Thereafter, each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance. The clearing house generally establishes some sort of security or guarantee fund to which all clearing members of the exchange must contribute. This fund acts as an emergency buffer which is intended to enable the clearing house to meet its obligations with regard to the other side of an insolvent clearing member’s contracts. Furthermore, clearing houses require margin deposits and continuously mark positions to market to provide some assurance that their members will be able to fulfill their contractual obligations. Thus, members effecting derivatives transactions on an organized exchange or clearing an OTC derivatives transaction through a clearing house do not bear the risk of the insolvency of the party on the opposite side of the trade; their credit risk is limited to the respective solvencies of their commodity broker and the clearing house. The clearing house “guarantee” of performance on open positions does not run to customers. If a member firm goes bankrupt, customers could lose money.

 

If a Fund decides to execute derivatives transactions through such derivatives exchanges, the Fund would be subject to the rules of the exchange, which would bring additional risks and liabilities, and potential additional regulatory requirements.

 

Regulations

 

Derivatives exchanges in the United States are subject to regulation under the CEA, by the CFTC, the governmental agency having responsibility for regulation of derivatives exchanges and trading on those exchanges. Following the adoption of the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC also has authority to regulate OTC derivatives markets, including certain OTC foreign exchange markets.

 

The CFTC has exclusive authority to designate exchanges for the trading of specific futures contracts, and options on futures contracts and to prescribe rules and regulations of the marketing of each. The CFTC also regulates the activities of “commodity pool operators” and the CFTC has adopted regulations with respect to certain of such persons’ activities. Pursuant to its authority, the CFTC requires a commodity pool operator, such as the Sponsor, to keep accurate, current and orderly records with respect to each pool it operates. The CFTC may suspend, modify or terminate the registration of any registrant for failure to comply with CFTC rules or regulations. Suspension, restriction or termination of the Sponsor’s registration as a commodity pool operator would prevent it, until such time (if any) as such registration were to be reinstated, from managing, and might result in the termination of, the Funds. If the Sponsor were unable to provide services and/or advice to the Funds, the Funds would be unable to pursue their investment objectives unless and until the Sponsor’s ability to provide services and advice to the Funds was reinstated or a replacement for the Sponsor as commodity pool operator could be found. Such an event could result in termination of the Funds.

 

The CEA requires all FCMs to meet and maintain specified fitness and financial requirements, segregate customer funds from proprietary funds and account separately for all customers’ funds and positions, and to maintain specified books and records open to inspection by the staff of the CFTC. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to All Funds—Failure of the FCMs to segregate assets may increase losses in the Funds.”

 

The CEA also gives the states certain powers to enforce its provisions and the regulations of the CFTC.

 

Under certain circumstances, the CEA grants shareholders the right to institute a reparation proceeding before the CFTC against the Sponsor (as a registered commodity pool operator), an FCM, as well as those of their respective employees who are required to be registered under the CEA. Shareholders may also be able to maintain a private right of action for certain violations of the CEA.

 

34
 

 

Pursuant to authority in the CEA, the NFA has been formed and registered with the CFTC as a registered futures association. At the present time, the NFA is the only self-regulatory organization for commodities professionals other than exchanges. As such, the NFA promulgates rules governing the conduct of commodity professionals and disciplines those professionals that do not comply with such standards. The CFTC has delegated to the NFA responsibility for the registration of commodity pool operators, FCMs, swap dealers, commodity trading advisors, introducing brokers and their respective associated persons and floor brokers. The Sponsor is a member of the NFA (the Funds themselves are not required to become members of the NFA). As an NFA member, the Sponsor is subject to NFA standards relating to fair trade practices, financial condition, and consumer protection. The CFTC is prohibited by statute from regulating trading on foreign commodity exchanges and markets.

 

The CEA and CFTC regulations prohibit market abuse and generally require that all futures exchange-based trading be conducted in compliance with rules designed to ensure the integrity of market prices and without any intent to manipulate prices. CFTC regulations and futures exchange rules also impose limits on the size of the positions that a person may hold or control as well as standards for aggregating certain positions. The rules of the CFTC and the futures exchanges also authorize special emergency actions to halt, suspend or limit trading overall or to restrict, halt, suspend or limit the trading of an individual trader or to otherwise impose special reporting or margin requirements.

 

Each Fund’s investments in Bitcoin Futures Contracts will be subject to regulation under the CEA and traded pursuant to CFTC and applicable exchange regulations.

 

Daily Limits

 

Most U.S. futures exchanges (but generally not foreign exchanges or banks) limit the amount of fluctuation in some futures contract prices during a single day by regulations. These regulations specify what are referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or more commonly “daily limits.” Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular futures contract, no trades may be made at a price beyond that limit.

 

Margin

 

“Initial” or “original” margin is the minimum amount of funds that a counterparty to a cleared derivatives contract must deposit with their commodity broker in order to establish an open position. Maintenance margin is the amount (generally less than initial margin) to which a trader’s account may decline before he must deliver additional margin so as to maintain open positions. A margin deposit is like a cash performance bond. It helps assure the futures trader’s performance of the futures contracts he purchases or sells. The minimum amount of margin required in connection with a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which such contract is traded and is subject to change at any time during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily bought and sold on margins that represent a 44% as of December 13, 2017 for the Bitcoin Futures Contracts) of the aggregate purchase or sales price of the contract. Because of such low margins, price fluctuations occurring in the futures markets may create profits and losses that are greater, in relation to the amount invested, than are customary in other forms of investments.

 

Brokerage firms carrying accounts for traders in futures contracts may not accept lower, and may require higher, amounts of margin as a matter of policy in order to afford further protection for themselves.

 

Margin requirements are computed each day by a commodity broker and the relevant exchange. At the close of each trading day, each open futures contract is marked to market, that is, the gain or loss on the position is calculated from the prior day’s close. When the market value of a particular open futures contract position changes to a point where the margin on deposit does not satisfy maintenance margin requirements, a margin call is made by the commodity broker. If the margin call is not met within a reasonable time, the broker may close out the customer’s position.

 

35
 

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The Fund is newly formed and has not commenced operations and therefore does not have any financial information on which to assess the Fund’s financial condition or results of operations.

 

Charges

 

Breakeven Table

 

The projected twelve month breakeven analysis for the Funds is set forth in the Breakeven Table below. For purposes of calculating the amounts in the Breakeven Table for each Fund, the analysis assumes that the average daily NAV per Fund is $[  ].

 

   Dollar Amount and Percentage of Expenses per Fund 
Expenses(1)  GraniteShares Bitcoin
Futures ETF
   GraniteShares Short
Bitcoin Futures ETF
 
   $                   %  $                     %
Selling price per share          
Management fee(2)    %    %
Initial Offering Costs(7)          
Brokerage commissions and fees          
Variable create/redeem fees(4)          
Other expenses          
Total fees and expenses          
Interest income(5)          
Amount of trading income required for the NAV at the end of one year to equal the initial selling price per share (12-Month breakeven)(6)          

 

(1) The breakeven analysis set forth in this table assumes that the Shares have a constant month end NAV and is based on [$] as the NAV per Share of each Fund. The actual NAV of each Fund differs and is likely to change on a daily basis. The numbers provided in this chart have been rounded to the nearest 0.01. The breakeven analysis reflects all fees and expenses, including estimated rebalancing expenses that are anticipated to be incurred by each Fund during the first year of an investor’s investment.
(2) From the Management Fee of [  ]% of each Fund’s average daily net assets, the Sponsor is responsible for paying the fees and expenses of the Administrator, Custodian, Marketing Agent, , Transfer Agent and all routine operational, administrative and other ordinary expenses of each Fund. Please note that the fees and expenses paid by the Sponsor are not included in the above Breakeven Table.
(3) Costs incurred in connection with the initial offering of each Fund’s shares will be paid by each Fund. However, the Sponsor will not charge its Management Fee in the first year of operations of each Fund in an amount equal to the offering costs. The Sponsor will reimburse each Fund to the extent that such Fund’s initial offering costs exceed [  ]% of such Fund’s average daily net assets (calculated by dividing the sum of each Fund’s daily net assets for each month by the number of days in such month) for the first year of operations. Expenses incurred in connection with the continuous offering of Shares of each Fund after the commencement of its trading operations will be paid by the Sponsor
(4) Authorized Participants are generally required to pay variable create and redeem fees of up to [  ]% of the value of each order they place. These variable transaction fees offset brokerage commissions incurred by the Funds and are reflected in “Brokerage commissions and fees.” Please see “Creation and Redemption of Shares—Creation and Redemption Transaction Fee.”
(5) Estimated based on the average three- month Treasury Bill rate for the period ended [  ].
(6) Investors may pay customary brokerage commissions in connection with purchases of the Shares. Because such brokerage commission rates will vary from investor to investor, such brokerage commissions have not been included in the Breakeven Table. Investors are encouraged to review the terms of their brokerage accounts for applicable charges. The breakeven amount reflected in the Breakeven Table reflects the breakeven amount for investors in the secondary market. The breakeven amount for each Authorized Participant is equal to the sum of the breakeven amount for each applicable Fund plus the amount of transaction fees paid by each Authorized Participant for each applicable Fund.

 

Operational Stage

 

Management Fee

 

The Funds pay the Sponsor a management fee (the “Management Fee”), monthly in arrears, in an amount equal to [  ]% per annum of its average daily net assets (calculated by dividing the sum of each Fund’s daily net assets for the month by the number of days in the month). The Sponsor will not charge its Management Fee in the first year of operations of the Funds in an amount equal to the initial offering costs. The Sponsor will reimburse each Fund to the extent that such Fund’s initial offering costs exceed [  ]% of such Fund’s average daily net assets (calculated by dividing the sum of each Fund’s daily net assets for the month by the number of days in the month) for the first year of operations. Because the average daily net assets of each Fund are assumed to be approximately $50,000,000 throughout the first year of each Fund’s operations, it is assumed that the initial offering costs for each Fund will be approximately [  ]% of each Fund’s net asset value, and as a result, the assumed Management Fee paid by the investors of each Fund will be approximately [  ]% at the end of the first year of each Fund’s operations.

 

36
 

 

No other Management Fee is paid by the Funds. The Management Fee is paid in consideration of the Sponsor’s trading advisory services and the other services provided to the Funds that the Sponsor pays directly.

 

Routine Operational, Administrative and Other Ordinary Expenses

 

The Sponsor pays all of the routine operational, administrative and other ordinary expenses of each Fund, generally, as determined by the Sponsor, including, but not limited to, fees and expenses of the Administrator, Custodian, Marketing Agent and Transfer Agent, licensors, accounting and audit fees and expenses, tax preparation expenses, legal fees not in excess of $100,000 per annum, ongoing SEC registration fees not exceeding [  ]% per annum of the net assets of each Fund, individual Schedule K-1 preparation and mailing fees not exceeding [  ]% per annum of the net assets of each Fund, and report preparation and mailing expenses.

 

Non-Recurring Fees and Expenses

 

The Funds pay all of their non-recurring and unusual fees and expenses, if any, as determined by the Sponsor. Non-recurring and unusual fees and expenses are fees and expenses which are unexpected or unusual in nature, such as legal claims and liabilities and litigation costs or indemnification or other unanticipated expenses. Extraordinary fees and expenses also include material expenses which are not currently anticipated obligations of the Funds. Routine operational, administrative and other ordinary expenses are not deemed extraordinary expenses.

 

Selling Commission

 

Retail investors may purchase and sell Shares through traditional brokerage accounts. Investors are expected to be charged a customary commission by their brokers in connection with purchases of Shares that will vary from investor to investor. Investors are encouraged to review the terms of their brokerage accounts for applicable charges. The price at which an Authorized Participant sells a Share may be higher or lower than the price paid by such Authorized Participant in connection with the creation of such Share in a Creation Unit.

 

Brokerage Commissions and Fees

 

Each Fund pays all of its respective brokerage commissions, including applicable exchange fees, NFA fees and give-up fees, pit brokerage fees and other transaction related fees and expenses charged in connection with trading activities for each Fund’s investments in CFTC regulated investments.

 

Each Fund bears other transaction costs including the effects of trading spreads and financing costs/fees, if any, associated with the use of Bitcoin Futures Contracts, and costs relating to the purchase of U.S. Treasury securities or similar high credit quality short-term fixed-income or similar securities (such as shares of money market funds and collateralized repurchase agreements).

 

37
 

 

Part Two
General Pool Disclosure

 

This Prospectus has two parts: the offered series disclosure and the general pool disclosure. These parts are bound together and are incomplete if not distributed together to prospective participants.

 

PERFORMANCE OF THE OTHER COMMODITY POOLS OPERATED BY
THE COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR

 

The following performance information is presented in accordance with CFTC regulations. The performance of each Fund will differ materially from the performance of the Other Funds which is included herein. The past performance summaries of the Other Funds below are generally not representative of how the Funds might perform in the future. No performance information is presented with respect to the GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF and GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF which have not commenced investment operations prior to the date of this Prospectus and which will not begin trading until after the initial Creation Units of each Fund are purchased by the initial Authorized Participant (all as described in the “Plan of Distribution” Section in Part Two of this Prospectus). The performance of the GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF and GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF will differ materially from the Funds listed below and from the Other Funds.

 

All summary performance information is as of November 30, 2017, except as noted. Performance information is set forth, in accordance with CFTC regulations, since each fund’s inception of trading.

 

Name of Pool:  GraniteShares Bloomberg Commodity
Broad Strategy no K-1 ETF
 
Type of Pool:   Public, Exchange-listed Commodity Pool 
Date of Inception of Trading:   May 22, 2017 
    
Aggregate Gross Capital Subscriptions1 as of November 30, 2017:  $12,581,025 
Aggregate Net Capital Subscriptions2 as of November 30, 2017:  $10,168,689 
Net Asset Value as of November 30, 2017:  $10,242,516 
Net Asset Value per Share3 as of November 30, 2017:  $25.48 
Worst Monthly Loss:4   (2.73%)
Worst Peak-to-Valley Loss:5   (0.34%)

 

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

 

Rate of Return:6

 

   2017   2018 
January              
February          
March          
April          
May   -2.73%     
June   -0.32%     
July   2.26%     
August   0.67%     
September   -0.15%     
October   2.15%     
November   -0.49%     
December   N/A%      
YTD   1.30%     
Year-to-Date   N/A      

 

See accompanying Footnotes to Performance Information.

 

38
 

 

Name of Pool:  GraniteShares S&P GSCI Commodity
Broad Strategy no K-1 ETF
 
Type of Pool:   Public, Exchange-listed Commodity Pool 
Date of Inception of Trading:   May 22, 2017 
Aggregate Gross Capital Subscriptions1 as of November 30, 2017:  $3,801,103 
Aggregate Net Capital Subscriptions2 as of November 30, 2017:  $1,238,451 
Net Asset Value as of November 30, 2017:  $1,382,551 
Net Asset Value per Share3 as of November 30, 2017:  $26.5875 
Worst Monthly Loss:4   (4.23%)
Worst Peak-to-Valley Loss:5   (2.70%)

 

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

 

Rate of Return:6

 

   2017   2018 
January        
February            
March          
April        
May   -4.23%     
June   -1.86%     
July   -4.55%     
August   -0.98%     
September   3.43%     
October   3.76%     
November   1.16%     
December   N/A      
Annual   N/A      
Year-to-Date   5.63%     

 

See accompanying Footnotes to Performance Information.

 

Footnotes to Performance Information

 

1. “Aggregate Gross Capital Subscriptions” is the aggregate of all amounts ever contributed to the pool, including those of investors who subsequently redeemed their investments.
   
2. “Aggregate Net Capital Subscriptions” is the aggregate of all amounts ever contributed to the pool, excluding those of investors who subsequently redeemed their investments.
   
3. “Net Asset Value per Share” is the net asset value, based on the pricing policies of the Trust and determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, of the pool divided by the total number of Shares outstanding as of November 30, 2017. Please see “Description of the Shares; The Funds; Certain Material Terms of the Trust Agreement—Net Asset Value (NAV)” for additional information regarding the pricing policies of the Trust.
   
4. “Worst Monthly Loss” is the largest single month loss sustained during the most recent five calendar years and year-to-date (or since inception of the Fund, if the Fund has had less than five calendar years of performance), expressed as a percentage. “Loss” as used in this section of the Prospectus means losses experienced by the relevant pool over the specified period and is calculated on a rate of return basis, i.e., dividing net performance by beginning equity. Loss is measured on the basis of monthly returns only, and does not reflect intra-month figures.
   
5. “Worst Peak-to-Valley Loss” is the largest percentage decline in Net Asset Value per Share over the most recent five calendar years and year-to-date (or since inception of the Fund, if the Fund has had less than five calendar years of performance). This need not be a continuous decline, but can be a series of positive and negative returns where the negative returns are larger than the positive returns. Worst Peak-to-Valley Loss represents the greatest percentage decline from any month-end Net Asset Value per Share that occurs without such month-end Net Asset Value per Share being equaled or exceeded as of a subsequent month-end. A Peak-to-Valley loss that begins prior to the beginning of the most recent five calendar years and ends within the most recent five calendar year period is deemed to have occurred during such five calendar year period.
   
6. Based on the latest calculated net asset value, as applicable to creations and redemptions of Creation Units, with respect to each period.

 

39
 

 

Use of Proceeds

 

Under normal market conditions, each Fund invests substantially all of its assets in long or short positions in Bitcoin Futures Contracts in a manner consistent with its investment objective. Each Fund will also hold Money Market Instruments as collateral for Bitcoin Futures Contracts and pending investment in Bitcoin Futures Contracts. In the event position, price or accountability limits (if any) are reached with respect to Bitcoin Futures Contracts, the Sponsor will suspend creation activity. The Funds may also suspend creation activity if the market for a specific Bitcoin Futures Contract experiences emergencies (e.g., natural disaster, terrorist attack or an act of God) or disruptions (e.g., a trading halt or a flash crash) that prevent or make it impractical for a Fund from obtaining the appropriate amount of investment exposure using Bitcoin Futures Contracts. To the extent that the Funds do not invest the proceeds of the offering of the Shares in the manner described above on the day such proceeds are received, such proceeds will be deposited with the Custodian in a non-interest bearing account.

 

To the extent that the Funds trade in Bitcoin Futures Contracts on U.S. exchanges, the assets deposited by the Funds with the FCMs (or another eligible financial institution, as applicable) as margin must be segregated pursuant to the regulations of the CFTC. Such segregated funds may be invested only in a limited range of instruments—principally U.S. government obligations to margin futures and forward contract positions.

 

The Sponsor has selected RBC Capital Markets, LLC (RBC) as its FCM. RBC, in its capacity as a registered FCM, serves as a clearing broker to the Trust and the Funds and as such arranges for the execution and clearing of the Funds’ futures transactions. RBC acts as clearing broker for many other funds and individuals. A variety of executing brokers may execute futures transactions on behalf of the Funds. The executing brokers will give-up all such transactions to RBC. RBC is registered as an FCM with the CFTC and is a member of the NFA. RBC is a clearing member of the CBOE, CBOT, CME, NYMEX, and all other major U.S. commodity exchanges. RBC is not affiliated with or doesn’t acts as a supervisor of the Trust, the Funds, the Sponsor, the Trustee or BNY (the Administrator and the Custodian). RBC, in its capacity as FCM, is not acting as either an underwriter or sponsor of the offering of the Shares, and has not passed upon the merits of participating in this offering. RBC has not passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus or on the accuracy of the information contained herein. RBC does not provide any commodity trading advice regarding the Funds’ trading activities. Investors should not rely upon RBC in deciding whether to invest in the Funds or retain their interests in the Funds. Prospective investors should also note that the Sponsor may select additional clearing brokers or replace RBC as the Funds’ clearing broker. [GraniteShares confirms that all third parties have agreed to be named in a bitcoin related product]

 

The Sponsor, a registered commodity pool operator, is responsible for the cash management activities of the Funds, including investing in cash equivalents that may be used as margin for the applicable Fund’s portfolio holdings, as described above.

 

Who May Subscribe

 

Only Authorized Participants may create or redeem Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant must (1) be a registered broker-dealer or other securities market participant such as a bank or other financial institution which is not required to register as a broker-dealer to engage in securities transactions, (2) be a participant in DTC, and (3) have entered into an agreement with the Trust and the Sponsor (an Authorized Participant Agreement).

 

Creation and Redemption of Shares

 

Each Fund creates and redeems Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Creation Units. A Creation Unit is a block of [10,000] Shares of a Fund. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Shares are not redeemable securities.

 

The manner by which Creation Units are purchased and redeemed is dictated by the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement, and all such procedures are at the discretion of the Sponsor. By placing a purchase order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deposit cash with the Custodian of the Funds (unless as provided otherwise by this Prospectus).

 

40
 

 

If permitted by the Sponsor in its sole discretion with respect to a Fund, an Authorized Participant may also agree to enter into or arrange for an exchange of a futures contract for related position (“EFCRP”) or block trade with the relevant Fund whereby the Authorized Participant would also transfer to such Fund a number and type of exchange-traded futures contracts at or near the closing settlement price for such contracts on the purchase order date. Similarly, the Sponsor in its sole discretion may agree with an Authorized Participant to use an EFCRP to effect an order to redeem Creation Units.

 

An EFCRP is a technique permitted by the rules of certain futures exchanges that, as utilized by a Fund in the Sponsor’s discretion, would allow such Fund to take a position in a futures contract from an Authorized Participant, or give futures contracts to an Authorized Participant, in the case of a redemption, rather than to enter the futures exchange markets to obtain such a position. An EFCRP by itself will not change either party’s net risk position materially. Because the futures position that a Fund would otherwise need to take in order to meet its investment objective can be obtained without unnecessarily impacting the financial or futures markets or their pricing, EFCRPs can generally be viewed as transactions beneficial to a Fund. A block trade is a technique that permits each Fund to obtain a futures position without going through the market auction system and can generally be viewed as a transaction beneficial to the Fund.

 

Authorized Participants pay a fixed transaction fee of up to $500 in connection with each order to create or redeem a Creation Unit in order to compensate BNY, as the Administrator, the Custodian and the Transfer Agent of each Fund and its Shares, for services in processing the creation and redemption of Creation Units and to offset the costs of increasing or decreasing derivative positions. Authorized Participants may sell the Shares included in the Creation Units they purchase from the Funds to other investors. Further detail on the fees is set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement.

 

The form of Authorized Participant Agreement set forth the procedures for the creation and redemption of Creation Units and for the payment of cash required for such creations and redemptions. The Sponsor may delegate its duties and obligations under the form of Authorized Participant Agreement to Foreside or the Administrator without consent from any shareholder or Authorized Participant. The form of Authorized Participant Agreement and the related procedures attached thereto may be amended by the Sponsor without the consent of any shareholder or Authorized Participant. Authorized Participants who purchase Creation Units from the Funds receive no fees, commissions or other form of compensation or inducement of any kind from either the Sponsor or the Funds, and no such person has any obligation or responsibility to the Sponsor or the Fund to effect any sale or resale of Shares.

 

Authorized Participants are cautioned that some of their activities may result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which would render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act, as described in “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Each Authorized Participant must be registered as a broker-dealer under the 1934 Act and regulated by FINRA, or exempt from being, or otherwise not required to be, so regulated or registered, and must be qualified to act as a broker or dealer in the states or other jurisdictions where the nature of its business so requires. Certain Authorized Participants may be regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations. Each Authorized Participant must have its own set of rules and procedures, internal controls and information barriers as it determines is appropriate in light of its own regulatory regime.

 

Authorized Participants may act for their own accounts or as agents for broker-dealers, custodians and other securities market participants that wish to create or redeem Creation Units.

 

Persons interested in purchasing Creation Units should contact the Sponsor or the Administrator to obtain the contact information for the Authorized Participants. Shareholders who are not Authorized Participants are only able to redeem their Shares through an Authorized Participant.

 

Pursuant to the Authorized Participant Agreement, the Sponsor agreed to indemnify the Authorized Participants against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the 1933 Act, and to contribute to the payments the Authorized Participants may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

 

The following description of the procedures for the creation and redemption of Creation Units is only a summary and an investor should refer to the relevant provisions of the Trust Agreement and the form of Authorized Participant Agreement for more detail. The Trust Agreement and the form of Authorized Participant Agreement are filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part.

 

41
 

 

Creation Procedures

 

On any Business Day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Marketing Agent to create one or more Creation Units. For purposes of processing both purchase and redemption orders, a “Business Day” for each Fund means any day on which the NAV of such Fund is determined.

 

Purchase orders must be placed by the cut-off time shown on page [  ] or earlier if the Exchange or other exchange material to the valuation or operation of such Fund closes before the cut-off time. If a purchase order is received prior to the applicable cut-off time, the day on which Foreside receives a valid purchase order is the purchase order date. If the purchase order is received after the applicable cut-off time, the purchase order date will be the next business day. Purchase orders are irrevocable. By placing a purchase order, and prior to delivery of such Creation Units, an Authorized Participant’s DTC account will be charged the non-refundable transaction fee due for the purchase order.

 

Determination of Required Payment

 

The total payment required to create each Creation Unit is the NAV of [  ] Shares of the applicable Fund on the purchase order date plus the applicable transaction fee. For each Fund, Authorized Participants have create/redeem cut-off times prior to the NAV calculation time, which may be different from the close of U.S. markets, as shown in the table on page [  ].

 

Delivery of Cash

 

Cash required for settlement will typically be transferred to the Custodian through: (1) the Continuous Net Settlement (“CNS”) clearing process of NSCC, as such processes have been enhanced to effect creations and redemptions of Creation Units; or (2) the facilities of DTC on a Delivery Versus Payment (DVP) basis, which is the procedure in which the buyer’s payment for securities is due at the time of delivery. Security delivery and payment are simultaneous. If the Custodian does not receive the cash by the market close on the first Business Day following the purchase order date (T+1), such order may be charged interest for delayed settlement or cancelled. The Sponsor reserves the right to extend the deadline for the Custodian to receive the cash required for settlement up to the third Business Day following the purchase order date (T+3). In the event a purchase order is cancelled, the Authorized Participant will be responsible for reimbursing the Fund for all costs associated with cancelling the order including costs for repositioning the portfolio. At its sole discretion, the Sponsor may agree to a delivery date other than T+3. Additional fees may apply for special settlement. The Creation Unit will be delivered to the Authorized Participant upon the Custodian’s receipt of the purchase amount.

 

Delivery of Exchange of Futures Contract for Related Position (EFCRP) Futures Contracts or Block Trades

 

In the event that the Sponsor shall have determined to permit the Authorized Participant to transfer futures contracts pursuant to an EFCRP or to engage in a block trade purchase of futures contracts from the Authorized Participant with respect to a Fund, as well as to deliver cash, in the creation process, futures contracts required for settlement must be transferred directly to the Fund’s account at its FCM. If the cash is not received by the market close on the third Business Day following the purchase order date (T+3); such order may be charged interest for delayed settlements or cancelled. In the event a purchase order is cancelled, the Authorized Participant will be responsible for reimbursing a Fund for all costs associated with cancelling the order including costs for repositioning the portfolio. At its sole discretion, the Sponsor may agree to a delivery date other than T+3. The Creation Unit will be delivered to the Authorized Participant upon the Custodian’s receipt of the cash purchase amount and the futures contracts.

 

42
 

 

Suspension or Rejection of Purchase Orders

 

In respect of any Fund, the Sponsor may, in its discretion, suspend the right to purchase, or postpone the purchase settlement date: (1) for any period during which any of the Exchange, Eurex, CBOE, CFE, CME (including CBOT and NYMEX) or ICE or other exchange material to the valuation or operation of the Fund is closed or when trading is suspended or restricted on such exchanges in any of the underlying Bitcoin Futures Contracts; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which the fulfillment of a purchase order is not reasonably practicable; or (3) for such other period as the Sponsor determines to be necessary for the protection of the shareholders. The Sponsor will not be liable to any person or in any way for any loss or damages that may result from any such suspension or postponement.

 

The Sponsor also may reject a purchase order if it determines that the purchase order is not in proper form.

 

Redemption Procedures

 

The procedures by which an Authorized Participant can redeem one or more Creation Units mirror the procedures for the creation of Creation Units. On any Business Day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Marketing Agent to redeem one or more Creation Units. If a redemption order is received prior to the applicable cut-off time, or earlier if the Exchange or other exchange material to the valuation or operation of such Fund closes before the cut-off time, the day on which Foreside receives a valid redemption order is the redemption order date. If the redemption order is received after the applicable cut-off time, the redemption order date will be the next day. Redemption orders are irrevocable. The redemption procedures allow Authorized Participants to redeem Creation Units. Individual shareholders may not redeem directly from a Fund.

 

By placing a redemption order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the Creation Units to be redeemed through DTC’s book-entry system to the applicable Fund not later than noon (Eastern Time), on the first Business Day immediately following the redemption order date (T+1). The Sponsor reserves the right to extend the deadline for each Fund to receive the Creation Units required for settlement up to the third Business Day following the redemption order date (T+3). By placing a redemption order, and prior to receipt of the redemption proceeds, an Authorized Participant must wire to the Custodian the non-refundable transaction fee due for the redemption order or any proceeds due will be reduced by the amount of the fee payable. At its sole discretion, the Sponsor may agree to a delivery date other than T+3. Additional fees may apply for special settlement.

 

Upon request of an Authorized Participant made at the time of a redemption order, the Sponsor at its sole discretion may determine, in addition to delivering redemption proceeds, to transfer futures contracts to the Authorized Participant pursuant to an EFCRP or to a block trade sale of futures contracts to the Authorized Participant.

 

Determination of Redemption Proceeds

 

The redemption proceeds from a Fund consist of the cash redemption amount and, if permitted by the Sponsor in its sole discretion with respect to a Fund, an EFCRP or block trade with the relevant Fund as described in “—Creation and Redemption of Shares” above. The cash redemption amount is equal to the NAV of the number of Creation Unit(s) of such Fund requested in the Authorized Participant’s redemption order as of the time of the calculation of such Fund’s NAV on the redemption order date, less transaction fees and any amounts attributable to any applicable EFCRP or block trade.

 

Delivery of Redemption Proceeds

 

The redemption proceeds due from a Fund are delivered to the Authorized Participant at noon (Eastern Time), on the third Business Day immediately following the redemption order date if, by such time on such Business Day immediately following the redemption order date, a Fund’s DTC account has been credited with the Creation Units to be redeemed. The Fund should be credited through: (1) the CNS clearing process of NSCC, as such processes have been enhanced to effect creations and redemptions of Creation Units; or (2) the facilities of DTC on a Delivery Versus Payment basis. If a Fund’s DTC account has not been credited with all of the Creation Units to be redeemed by such time, the redemption distribution is delivered to the extent whole Creation Units are received. Any remainder of the redemption distribution is delivered on the next Business Day to the extent any remaining whole Creation Units are received if: (1) the Sponsor receives the fee applicable to the extension of the redemption distribution date which the Sponsor may, from time to time, determine, and (2) the remaining Creation Units to be redeemed are credited to the Fund’s DTC account by noon (Eastern Time), on such next Business Day. Any further outstanding amount of the redemption order may be cancelled. The Authorized Participant will be responsible for reimbursing a Fund for all costs associated with cancelling the order including costs for repositioning the portfolio.

 

43
 

 

The Sponsor is also authorized to deliver the redemption distribution notwithstanding that the Creation Units to be redeemed are not credited to a Fund’s DTC account by noon (Eastern Time), on the third Business Day immediately following the redemption order date if the Authorized Participant has collateralized its obligation to deliver the Creation Units through DTC’s book-entry system on such terms as the Sponsor may determine from time to time.

 

In the event that the Authorized Participant shall have requested, and the Sponsor shall have determined to permit the Authorized Participant to receive futures contracts pursuant to an EFCRP, as well as the cash redemption proceeds, in the redemption process, futures contracts required for settlement shall be transferred directly from the Fund’s account at its FCM to the account of the Authorized Participant at its FCM.

 

Suspension or Rejection of Redemption Orders

 

In respect of any Fund, the Sponsor may, in its discretion, suspend the right of redemption, or postpone the redemption settlement date, (1) for any period during which any of the Exchange, Eurex, CBOE, CFE, CME (including CBOT and NYMEX) or ICE or other exchange material to the valuation or operation of the Fund is closed or when trading is suspended or restricted on such exchanges in any of the underlying Bitcoin Futures Contracts; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which the redemption distribution is not reasonably practicable; or (3) for such other period as the Sponsor determines to be necessary for the protection of the shareholders. The Sponsor will not be liable to any person or in any way for any loss or damages that may result from any such suspension or postponement.

 

The Sponsor will reject a redemption order if the order is not in proper form as described in the form of Authorized Participant Agreement or if the fulfillment of the order might be unlawful.

 

Creation and Redemption Transaction Fee

 

To compensate BNY for services in processing the creation and redemption of Creation Units and to offset some or all of the transaction costs, an Authorized Participant may be required to pay a fixed transaction fee to BNY of up to $500 per order to create or redeem Creation Units. An order may include multiple Creation Units.

 

Special Settlement

 

The Sponsor may allow for early settlement of purchase or redemption orders. Such arrangements may result in additional charges to the Authorized Participant.

 

Litigation

 

As of the date of this Prospectus, there is no pending legal proceeding, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business of the Trust and that which is described below, to which the Trust or a Fund is a claimant or defendant or to which any of their property is the subject.

 

As of the date of this Prospectus, there are no material administrative, civil or criminal actions, whether pending or concluded, within ten years preceding the date of the Prospectus, against the Sponsor.

 

RBC is a clearing member of the CBOT, CME, NYMEX, and all other major U.S. commodity exchanges. From time to time, RBC (in its capacity as a commodities broker) and its respective principals may be involved in numerous legal actions, some of which individually and all of which in the aggregate, seek significant or indeterminate damages. However, except for the actions described in the section entitled “Futures Commission Merchants—Litigation and Regulatory Disclosure Relating to FCMs” beginning on page [  ], RBC has advised that during the five years preceding the date of this Prospectus there has been no material administrative, civil, or criminal action against it or any of its respective principals.

 

44
 

 

Description of The Shares; The Funds;
Certain Material Terms of The Trust Agreement

 

The following summary describes in brief the Shares and certain aspects of the operation of the Trust, the Funds, and the respective responsibilities of the Trustee and the Sponsor concerning the Trust and the material terms of the Trust Agreement. Prospective investors should carefully review the Trust Agreement filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part and consult with their own advisors concerning the implications to such prospective investors of investing in a series of a Delaware statutory trust. Capitalized terms used in this section and not otherwise defined shall have such meanings assigned to them under the Trust Agreement.

 

Description of the Shares

 

Each Fund will issue common units of beneficial interest, or Shares, which represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Funds.

 

The Shares may be purchased from the Funds or redeemed on a continuous basis, but only by Authorized Participants and only in Creation Units. Individual Shares may not be purchased or redeemed from the Funds. Shareholders that are not Authorized Participants may not purchase or redeem any Shares or Creation Units from the Funds. The Shares of each Fund are expected to trade on the Exchange and provide institutional and retail investors with direct access to each Fund. Each Fund’s Shares may be bought and sold on the Exchange like any other exchange-listed security.

 

Principal Office; Location of Records; Fiscal Year

 

The Trust is organized as a statutory trust under the DSTA. The Trust is managed by the Sponsor, whose office is located at 30 Vesey Street, 9th floor, New York, New York 10007.

 

The books and records of the Funds are maintained as follows: all marketing materials are maintained at the offices of Foreside Fund Services LLC, Three Canal Plaza, Portland, Maine 04101. Creation Unit creation and redemption books and records, certain financial books and records (including Fund accounting records, ledgers with respect to assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses, the registrar, transfer journals and related details) and certain trading and related documents received from FCMs are maintained by BNY, 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286.

 

All other books and records of the Funds (including minute books and other general corporate records, trading records and related reports) are maintained at the Funds’ principal office, GraniteShares Inc, 30 Vesey Street, 9th floor, New York, New York 10007.

 

Trust books and records located at the foregoing addresses, are available for inspection and copying (upon payment of reasonable reproduction costs) by Fund shareholders or their representatives for any purposes reasonably related to such shareholder’s interest as a beneficial owner during regular business hours as provided in the Trust Agreement. The Sponsor will maintain and preserve the Trust’s books and records for a period of not less than six years.

 

The fiscal year of each Fund ends on June 30 of each year.

 

The Funds

 

The Trust is formed and operated in a manner such that each series of the Trust is liable only for obligations attributable to such series and shareholders of a series are not subject to the losses or liabilities of any other series of the Trust. If any creditor or shareholder in a series asserted against a series a valid claim with respect to its indebtedness or Shares, the creditor or shareholder would only be able to recover money from that particular series and its assets. Accordingly, the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses, or collectively, claims, incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing solely with respect to a particular series, are enforceable only against the assets of that series, and not against any other series of the Trust or the Trust generally, or any of their respective assets. The assets of each series include only those funds and other assets that are paid to, held by, or distributed to a series on account of and for the benefit of that series, including, without limitation, funds delivered to the Trust for the purchase of Shares or Creation Units in a series. This limitation on liability is referred to as the “Inter-Series Limitation on Liability.” The Inter-Series Limitation on Liability is expressly provided for under the DSTA, which provides that if certain conditions (as set forth in Section 3804(a)) are met, then the debts of any particular series will be enforceable only against the assets of such series and not against the assets of any other series of the Trust or the Trust generally.

 

45
 

 

The Trustee

 

Wilmington Trust Company, a Delaware trust company, is the sole Trustee of the Trust. The rights and duties of the Trustee and the Sponsor with respect to the offering of the Shares and Fund management and the shareholders are governed by the provisions of the DSTA and by the Trust Agreement. The Trustee will accept service of legal process on the Trust in the State of Delaware and will make certain filings under the DSTA. The Trustee does not owe any other duties to the Trust, the Sponsor or the shareholders of a Fund. The Trustee’s principal offices are located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890. The Trustee is unaffiliated with the Sponsor.

 

The Trustee is permitted to resign upon at least sixty (60) days’ notice to the Trust, provided, that any such resignation will not be effective until a successor Trustee is appointed by the Sponsor. The Trustee is compensated by the Funds, as appropriate, and is indemnified by the Funds, as appropriate, against any expenses it incurs relating to or arising out of the formation, operation or termination of such Fund, as appropriate, or the performance of its duties pursuant to the Trust Agreement, except to the extent that such expenses result from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Trustee. The Sponsor has the discretion to replace the Trustee.

 

Only the assets of the Trust and the Sponsor are subject to issuer liability under the federal securities laws for the information contained in this Prospectus and under federal securities laws with respect to the issuance and sale of the Shares. Under such laws, neither the Trustee, either in its capacity as Trustee or in its individual capacity, nor any director, officer or controlling person of the Trustee is, or has any liability as, the issuer or a director, officer or controlling person of the issuer of the Shares. The Trustee’s liability in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares is limited solely to the express obligations of the Trustee set forth in the Trust Agreement.

 

Under the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor has exclusive management and control of all aspects of the Trust’s business. The Trustee has no duty or liability to supervise the performance of the Sponsor, nor will the Trustee have any liability for the acts or omissions of the Sponsor. The shareholders have no voice in the day-to-day management of the business and operations of the Funds and the Trust, other than certain limited voting rights as set forth in the Trust Agreement. In the course of its management of the business and affairs of the Funds and the Trust, the Sponsor may, in its sole and absolute discretion, appoint an affiliate or affiliates of the Sponsor as additional sponsors and retain such persons, including affiliates of the Sponsor, as it deems necessary to effectuate and carry out the purposes, business and objectives of the Trust.

 

Because the Trustee has no authority over the Trust’s operations, the Trustee itself is not registered in any capacity with the CFTC.

 

The Sponsor

 

GraniteShares Advisors LLC, is the Sponsor of the Trust and the Funds. As noted above, the Sponsor has exclusive management and control of all aspects of the business of the Funds. The Trustee has no duty or liability to supervise the performance of the Sponsor, nor will the Trustee have any liability for the acts or omissions of the Sponsor.

 

The Sponsor serves as the Trust’s commodity pool operator. Specifically, with respect to the Trust, the Sponsor:

 

  selects the Funds’ service providers;
     
  negotiates various agreements and fees;

 

46
 

 

  performs such other services as the Sponsor believes that the Trust may require from time to time;
     
  selects the FCM and Financial Instrument counterparties, if any;
     
  manages the Funds’ portfolio of other assets, including cash equivalents; and
     
  manages the Funds with a view toward achieving the Funds’ investment objectives.

 

The Shares are not deposits or other obligations of the Sponsor, the Trustee or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates or any other bank, are not guaranteed by the Sponsor, the Trustee or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates or any other bank and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency. An investment in the Shares of the Funds offered hereby is speculative and involves a high degree of risk.

 

The principal office of the Sponsor is located at 30 Vesey Street, 9th floor, New York, New York 10007. The telephone number of the Sponsor is (844) 476-8747.

 

Background and Principals

 

The Sponsor currently serves as the commodity pool operator of the Trust and the Funds. The Sponsor is registered as a commodity pool operator with the CFTC and is a member in good standing of the NFA. The Sponsor’s membership with the NFA was originally approved on February 2, 2017. Its membership with the NFA is currently effective. As a registered commodity pool operator, with respect to the Trust, the Sponsor must comply with various regulatory requirements under the CEA, and the rules and regulations of the CFTC and the NFA, including investor protection requirements, antifraud prohibitions, disclosure requirements, and reporting and recordkeeping requirements. The Sponsor is also subject to periodic inspections and audits by the CFTC and NFA. Its principal place of business is 30 Vesey Street, 9th floor, New York, New York 10007, and its telephone number is (646) 876 5096. The registration of the Sponsor with the CFTC and its membership in the NFA must not be taken as an indication that either the CFTC or the NFA has recommended or approved the Sponsor, the Trust and the Funds.

 

In its capacity as a commodity pool operator, the Sponsor is an organization which operates or solicits funds for commodity pools; that is, an enterprise in which funds contributed by a number of persons are combined for the purpose of trading futures contracts. For past performance of commodity pools operated by the Sponsor, see the section entitled “Performance of the Other Commodity Pools Operated by the Commodity Pool Operator” beginning on page [  ].

 

Executive Officers of the Trust and Principals and Significant Employees of the Sponsor

 

Name

 

Position

William Rhind   CEO
Benoit Autier   Portfolio Manager
Jeff Klearman   Portfolio Manager

 

The following is a biographical summary of the business experience of the executive officers of the Trust and the principals and significant employees of the Sponsor.

 

William Rhind, has been the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Sponsor since its inception in 2017. William Rhind is the founder and CEO of GraniteShares, Inc., an independent ETF company based in New York. Prior to forming the GraniteShares, Inc., Mr. Rhind was the CEO of World Gold Trust Services, LLC (“WGTS”) from September 2014 to February 2016. WGTS is the sponsor of SPDR® Gold Trust, the largest gold fund in the world, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the World Gold Council, a market development organization for the gold industry. Mr. Rhind also served as the Managing Director, Institutional Investment, of the World Gold Council from September 2013 to February 2016. From March 2007 to September 2013, Mr. Rhind was employed by ETF Securities Ltd (“ETF Securities”), an independent exchange-traded product provider, in a number of leadership roles, including as Managing Director from June 2009 to September 2013. In that role, Mr. Rhind managed the company’s U.S. exchange traded fund business. Prior to joining ETF Securities, Mr. Rhind was a Principal for the iShares unit of Barclays Global Investors. He began his career as an investment banking analyst at Nomura International in London. Mr. Rhind earned a Bachelor of Arts in Modern Languages (French & Russian) and European Studies from the University of Bath in England.

 

47
 

 

Benoit Autier, Benoit Autier has been Portfolio Manager with the Sponsor since 2017. Prior to joining GraniteShares, Mr. Autier started his career in 1999 at KPMG Audit in Paris before moving in 2003 to Ricol & Lasteyrie (member of the E&Y Corporate Finance network). He joined ETF Securities in 2005, where he worked for over 10 years in London and New York. While at ETF Securities, Mr. Autier was Head of Product Management, overseeing the operation of more than 300 exchange-traded products. Between 2015 and 2016, Mr. Autier worked at the World Gold Council in New York, where he helped structuring the SPDR® Long Dollar Gold Trust. Mr. Autier received a Master in Finance from the London Business School in 2005.

 

Jeff Klearman, has been Portfolio Manager with the Sponsor since 2017. Mr. Klearman has over 20 years of experience working as a trader, structurer, marketer and researcher. Most recently, Mr. Klearman was the Chief Investment Officer for Rich Investment Services, a company which created, listed and managed ETFs. Prior to Rich Investment Services, Mr. Klearman headed the New York Commodities Structuring desk at Deutsche Bank AG. From 2004 to 2007, Mr. Klearman headed the marketing and structuring effort for rates based structured products at BNP Paribas in New York. Mr. Klearman worked at AIG Financial Products from 1994 to 2004 trading rates-based volatility products as well as marketing and structuring. Mr. Klearman received his MBA in Finance from NYU Stern School of Business and his Bachelors of Science in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University.

 

Fiduciary and Regulatory Duties of the Sponsor

 

The general fiduciary duties which would otherwise be imposed on the Sponsor (which would make its operation of the Trust as described herein impracticable due to the strict prohibition imposed by such duties on, for example, conflicts of interest on behalf of a fiduciary in its dealings with its beneficiaries), are replaced by the terms of the Trust Agreement (to which terms all shareholders, by subscribing to the Shares, are deemed to consent).

 

The Trust Agreement provides that the Sponsor and its affiliates shall have no liability to the Trust or to any shareholder for any loss suffered by the Trust arising out of any action or inaction of the Sponsor or its affiliates or their respective directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, managers or employees (the “Sponsor Related Parties”), if the Sponsor Related Parties, in good faith, determined that such course of conduct was in the best interests of the Funds and such course of conduct did not constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct by the Sponsor Related Parties. The Trust has agreed to indemnify the Sponsor Related Parties against claims, losses or liabilities based on their conduct relating to the Trust, provided that the conduct resulting in the claims, losses or liabilities for which indemnity is sought did not constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct and was done in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the Funds.

 

Under Delaware law, a beneficial owner of a statutory trust (such as a shareholder of a Fund) may, under certain circumstances, institute legal action on behalf of himself and all other similarly situated beneficial owners (a “class action”) to recover damages for violations of fiduciary duties, or on behalf of a statutory trust (a “derivative action”) to recover damages from a third party where there has been a failure or refusal to institute proceedings to recover such damages. In addition, beneficial owners may have the right, subject to certain legal requirements, to bring class actions in federal court to enforce their rights under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the SEC. Beneficial owners who have suffered losses in connection with the purchase or sale of their beneficial interests may be able to recover such losses from the Sponsor where the losses result from a violation by the Sponsor of the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws.

 

Under certain circumstances, shareholders also have the right to institute a reparation proceeding before the CFTC against the Sponsor (a registered commodity pool operator), an FCM, as well as those of their respective employees who are required to be registered under the CEA, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Private rights of action are conferred by the CEA. Investors in futures and in commodity pools may, therefore, invoke the protections provided thereunder.

 

The foregoing summary describing in general terms the remedies available to shareholders under federal law is based on statutes, rules and decisions as of the date of this Prospectus. As this is a rapidly developing and changing area of the law, shareholders who believe that they may have a legal cause of action against any of the foregoing parties should consult their own counsel as to their evaluation of the status of the applicable law at such time.

 

48
 

 

Ownership or Beneficial Interest in the Funds

 

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Sponsor owns [  ] Shares of each Fund. As of the date of this Prospectus, none of the principals of the Sponsor have an ownership or beneficial interest in any Fund.

 

Although the Sponsor and its trading principals (i.e., those principals that are responsible for or oversee the Funds’ trading decisions) do not currently trade or hold commodity interests that could be held by the Funds for their own accounts as of the date of this Prospectus, the Sponsor and its principals reserve the right to trade commodity interests for their own accounts. Fund investors will not be permitted to inspect the records of such person’s trades or any written policies related to such trading.

 

Management; Voting by Shareholders

 

The shareholders of the Funds take no part in the management or control, and have no voice in the Trust’s operations or business.

 

The Sponsor has the right unilaterally to amend the Trust Agreement as it applies to the Funds provided that the shareholders have the right to vote only if expressly required under Delaware or federal law or rules or regulations of the Cboe BZX Exchange (the Exchange), or if submitted to the shareholders by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. No amendment affecting the Trustee shall be binding upon or effective against the Trustee unless consented to by the Trustee in writing.

 

Recognition of the Trust and the Funds in Certain States

 

A number of states do not have “statutory trust” statutes such as that under which the Trust has been formed in the State of Delaware. It is possible, although unlikely, that a court in such a state could hold that, due to the absence of any statutory provision to the contrary in such jurisdiction, the shareholders, although entitled under Delaware law to the same limitation on personal liability as stockholders in a private corporation for profit organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, are not so entitled in such state.

 

Possible Repayment of Distributions Received by Shareholders

 

The Shares are limited liability investments; investors may not lose more than the amount that they invest plus any profits recognized on their investment. However, shareholders of the Funds could be required, as a matter of bankruptcy law, to return to the estate of a Fund any distribution they received at a time when such Fund was in fact insolvent or in violation of the Trust Agreement.

 

Shares Freely Transferable

 

The Shares of each Fund are expected to trade on the Exchange and provide institutional and retail investors with direct access to each Fund. Each Fund’s Shares may be bought and sold on the Exchange like any other exchange-listed security.

 

Book-Entry Form

 

Individual certificates will not be issued for the Shares. Instead, global certificates are deposited by the Trust with DTC and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares outstanding at any time. Under the Trust Agreement, shareholders are limited to (1) participants in DTC such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies (“DTC Participants”), (2) those who maintain, either directly or indirectly, a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant (“Indirect Participants”), and (3) those banks, brokers, dealers, trust companies and others who hold interests in the Shares through DTC Participants or Indirect Participants. The Shares are only transferable through the book-entry system of DTC. Shareholders who are not DTC Participants may transfer their Shares through DTC by instructing the DTC Participant holding their Shares (or by instructing the Indirect Participant or other entity through which their Shares are held) to transfer the Shares. Transfers are made in accordance with standard securities industry practice.

 

49
 

 

Reports to Shareholders

 

The Sponsor will furnish an annual report of the Funds in the manner required by the rules and regulations of the SEC as well as any reports required by the CFTC and the NFA, including, but not limited to, annual audited financial statements of the Funds examined and certified by independent registered public accountants and any other reports required by any other governmental authority that has jurisdiction over the activities of the Funds. Monthly account statements conforming to CFTC and NFA requirements are posted on the Sponsor’s website at www.GraniteShares.com. Shareholders of record will also be provided with appropriate information to permit them to file U.S. federal and state income tax returns with respect to Shares held. Additional reports may be posted on the Sponsor’s website at the discretion of the Sponsor or as required by regulatory authorities.

 

The Sponsor will notify shareholders of any change in the fees paid by the Trust or of any material changes to the Funds by filing with the SEC a supplement to this Prospectus and a Form 8-K, as applicable, which will be publicly available at www.sec.gov and at the Sponsor’s website at www.GraniteShares.com. Any such notification will include a description of shareholders’ voting rights.

 

Net Asset Value (NAV)

 

The NAV in respect of a Fund means the total assets of that Fund including, but not limited to, all cash and cash equivalents or other debt securities less total liabilities of such Fund, consistently applied under the accrual method of accounting. In particular, the NAV includes any unrealized profit or loss on open Bitcoin Futures Contracts, and any other credit or debit accruing to a Fund but unpaid or not received by a Fund. The NAV per Share of a Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of such Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by its total number of Shares outstanding. Expenses and fees are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining the NAV. Each Fund’s NAV is calculated on each day other than a day when the Exchange is closed for regular trading. The Funds compute their NAVs at the time set forth below, or an earlier time as set forth on www.GraniteShares.com, if necessitated by the Exchange or other exchange material to the valuation or operation of such Fund closing early. Each Fund’s NAV is calculated only once each trading day.

 

Fund

 

NAV Calculation Time

GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF   4:00 Eastern Time
GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF    

 

In calculating the NAV of a Fund, Bitcoin Futures Contracts traded on a U.S. exchange are valued using the last traded price before the NAV calculation time on the date with respect to which the NAV is being determined. If a Bitcoin Futures Contract traded on a U.S. exchange could not be liquidated on such day, due to the operation of daily limits or other rules of the exchange upon which that position is traded or otherwise, the Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, choose to determine a fair value price as the basis for determining the market value of such position for such day. Such fair value prices would generally be determined based on available inputs about the current value of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts and would be based on principles that the Sponsor deems fair and equitable so long as such principles are consistent with normal industry standards.

 

The Funds may use a variety of Money Market Instruments to invest excess cash. Money Market Instruments will be valued using market prices or at amortized cost.

 

Indicative Optimized Portfolio Value (“IOPV”)

 

The IOPV is an indicator of the value of a Fund’s net assets at the time the IOPV is disseminated. The IOPV is calculated and disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day. The IOPV is generally calculated using the prior day’s closing net assets of a Fund as a base and updating throughout the trading day changes in the value of the Bitcoin Futures Contracts held by a Fund. The IOPV should not be viewed as an actual real time update of the NAV because NAV is calculated only once at the end of each trading day. The IOPV also should not be viewed as a precise value of the Shares.

 

50
 

 

Termination Events

 

The Trust, or, as the case may be, a Fund, may be dissolved at any time and for any reason by the Sponsor with written notice to the shareholders.

 

Distributions

 

The Sponsor does not expect to make distributions. Depending on a Fund’s performance and an investor’s own tax situation, an investor’s income tax liability for his, her or its allocable share of such Fund’s net ordinary income or loss and capital gain or loss may exceed the capital gains an investor may realize from selling his, her or its Shares of such Fund in a taxable year.

 

The Administrator

 

The Sponsor and the Trust, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Funds, have appointed BNY as the Administrator of the Funds and BNY has entered into an administrative agency agreement (the “Administrative Agency Agreement”) with the Trust (for itself and on behalf of the Funds) and the Sponsor in connection therewith. In addition, BNY serves as Transfer Agent of the Funds pursuant to the Administrative Agency Agreement. A copy of the Administrative Agency Agreement is available for inspection at BNY’s offices identified above.

 

The Administrator’s fees are paid on behalf of the Funds by the Sponsor.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Agency Agreement and under the supervision and direction of the Sponsor, BNY prepares and files certain regulatory filings on behalf of the Funds. BNY may also perform other services for the Funds pursuant to the Administrative Agency Agreement as mutually agreed to from time to time.

 

The Administrator and any of its affiliates may from time to time purchase or sell Shares for their own account, as agent for their customers and for accounts over which they exercise investment discretion.

 

The Sponsor, on behalf of the Funds, is expected to retain the services of one or more additional service providers to assist with certain tax reporting requirements of the Funds and their shareholders.

 

The Custodian

 

BNY serves as the Custodian of the Funds and has entered into a custodian agreement (the “Custodian Agreement”) with the Trust (for itself and on behalf of the Funds) in connection therewith. Pursuant to the terms of the Custodian Agreement, BNY is responsible for the holding and safekeeping of assets delivered to it by the Funds, and performing various administrative duties in accordance with instructions delivered to BNY by the Funds. The Custodian’s fees are paid on behalf of the Funds by the Sponsor.

 

The Transfer Agent

 

BNY serves as the Transfer Agent of the Funds for Authorized Participants and has entered into the Administrative Agency Agreement referred to above in connection therewith. Pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Agency Agreement, BNY is responsible for processing purchase and redemption orders and maintaining records of the ownership of the Funds. The Transfer Agent fees are paid on behalf of the Funds by the Sponsor.

 

51
 

 

The Marketing Agent

 

Foreside serves as the Marketing Agent of the Funds and assists the Sponsor and the Administrator with functions and duties relating to distribution and marketing, which include the following: taking creation and redemption orders, and consulting with the marketing staff of the Sponsor and its affiliates with respect to compliance matters in connection with marketing efforts.

 

Foreside retains all marketing materials separately for the Funds, at the offices of Foreside, 3 Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland ME 04101; and its telephone number is (866)-251-6920.

 

The Sponsor pays Foreside for performing its duties on behalf of the Funds.

 

The Securities Depository; Book-Entry Only System; Global Security

 

DTC acts as securities depository for the Shares. DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of section 17A of the 1934 Act. DTC was created to hold securities of DTC Participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions in such securities among the DTC Participants through electronic book-entry changes. This eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly. DTC has agreed to administer its book-entry system in accordance with its rules and bylaws and the requirements of law.

 

Individual certificates will not be issued for the Shares. Instead, global certificates are signed by the Sponsor on behalf of the Funds, registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC, and deposited with the Trust on behalf of DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares of the Funds outstanding at any time. The representations, undertakings and agreements made on the part of the Funds in the global certificates are made and intended for the purpose of binding only the Funds and not the Trustee or the Sponsor individually.

 

Upon the settlement date of any creation, transfer or redemption of Shares, DTC credits or debits, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the amount of the Shares so created, transferred or redeemed to the accounts of the appropriate DTC Participants. The Sponsor and the Authorized Participants designate the accounts to be credited and charged in the case of creation or redemption of Shares.

 

Beneficial ownership of the Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Owners of beneficial interests in the Shares are shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants), the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants) and the records of Indirect Participants (with respect to shareholders that are not DTC Participants or Indirect Participants). Shareholders are expected to receive from or through the DTC Participant maintaining the account through which the shareholder has purchased their Shares a written confirmation relating to such purchase.

 

Shareholders that are not DTC Participants may transfer the Shares through DTC by instructing the DTC Participant or Indirect Participant through which the shareholders hold their Shares to transfer the Shares. Shareholders that are DTC Participants may transfer the Shares by instructing DTC in accordance with the rules of DTC. Transfers are made in accordance with standard securities industry practice.

 

DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to Creation Units and/or the Shares of the Funds by giving notice to the Trust and the Sponsor. Under such circumstances, the Sponsor will either find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if a replacement is unavailable, terminate the Funds.

 

52
 

 

The rights of the shareholders generally must be exercised by DTC Participants acting on their behalf in accordance with the rules and procedures of DTC. Because the Shares can only be held in book-entry form through DTC and DTC Participants, investors must rely on DTC, DTC Participants and any other financial intermediary through which they hold the Shares to receive the benefits and exercise the rights described in this section. Investors should consult with their broker or financial institution to find out about procedures and requirements for securities held in book-entry form through DTC.

 

Share Splits or Reverse Splits

 

If the Sponsor believes that the per Share price of a Fund in the secondary market has fallen outside a desirable trading price range, the Sponsor may direct the Trust to declare a split or reverse split in the number of Shares outstanding and, if necessary in the Sponsor’s opinion, to make a corresponding change in the number of Shares of a Fund constituting a Creation Unit.

 

Conflict of Interest

 

Sponsor

 

In the course of providing services, the Sponsor or its parent, GraniteShares Inc, may simultaneously recommend the sale of a particular investment position for one account while recommending the purchase of the same investment position for another account if such recommendations are consistent with each client’s investment strategies.

 

The Sponsor, its principals, officers and employees (and members of their families) and affiliates may participate directly or indirectly as investors in the Sponsor’s clients, such as the Fund. Thus, the Sponsor may recommend to clients the purchase or sale of investment positions in which it, or its officers, employees or related persons have a financial interest. The Sponsor may give advice and take actions in the performance of its duties to its clients that differ from the advice given or the timing and nature of actions taken, with respect to other clients’ accounts and/or employees’ accounts that may invest in some of the same investment positions recommended to clients.

 

In addition, the Sponsor, its affiliates and principals may trade for their own accounts. Consequently, non-customer and proprietary trades may be executed and cleared through any FCM or prime broker or other broker utilized by clients. It is possible that the Sponsor, including its officers and employees of the Sponsor, may buy or sell investment positions or other instruments that the Sponsor has recommended to, or purchased for, its clients, may trade ahead of client accounts, may receive preferential treatment and may engage in transactions for their own accounts in a manner that is inconsistent with the Sponsor’s recommendations to a client. Personal transactions by employees may raise potential conflicts of interest when such persons trade in an investment position that is owned by, or considered for purchase or sale for, a client. The Sponsor has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and prevent such conflicts of interest and, when they do arise, to ensure that it effects transactions for clients in a manner that is consistent with any fiduciary duty owned by the Sponsor to its clients and in accordance with applicable law.

 

FCMs

 

An FCM or its affiliates may own stock in, or have some other form of ownership interest in, one or more U.S. or foreign exchanges or swap execution facilities (each, a “Trading Facility”) or CFTC-registered derivatives clearing organization (“Clearing House”) where the Funds’ transactions in futures, swaps (as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act), forwards or other commodity derivatives (“Contracts”) may be executed and/or cleared. As a result, an FCM or its affiliates may receive financial or other benefits related to its ownership interest when Contracts are executed on a given Trading Facility or cleared through a given Clearing House, and the FCM would, in such circumstances, have an incentive to cause Contracts to be executed on that Trading Facility or cleared by that Clearing House. In addition, employees and officers of an FCM or its affiliates may also serve on the board of directors or on one or more committees of a Trading Facility or Clearing House.

 

53
 

 

In addition, Trading Facilities and Clearing Houses may from time to time have in place other arrangements that provide their members or participants with volume, market-making or other discounts or credits, may call for members or participants to pre-pay fees based on volume thresholds, or may provide other incentive or arrangements that are intended to encourage market participants to trade on or direct trades to that Trading Facility or Clearing House. An FCM or its affiliates may participate in and obtain financial benefits from such incentive programs.

 

When providing execution services to the Funds (either in conjunction with clearing services or in an execution-only capacity), an FCM may direct orders to affiliated or unaffiliated market-makers, other executing firms, individual brokers or brokerage groups for execution. When such affiliated or unaffiliated parties are used, they may, where permitted, agree to price concessions, volume discounts or refunds, rebates or similar payments in return for receiving such business. Likewise, where permitted by law and the rules of the applicable Trading Facility, an FCM may solicit a counterparty to trade opposite your order or enter into transactions for its own account or the account of other counterparties that may, at times, be adverse to your interests in a Contract. In such circumstances, that counterparty may make payments and/or pay a commission to the FCM in connection with that transaction. The results of the Funds’ transactions may differ significantly from the results achieved by the FCM for its own account, its affiliates, or for other customers.

 

In addition, where permitted by applicable law (including, where applicable, the rules of the applicable Trading Facility), an FCM, its directors, officers, employees and affiliates may act on the other side of a Fund’s order or transaction by the purchase or sale for an account, or the execution of a transaction with a counterparty, in which the FCM or a person affiliated with the FCM has a direct or indirect interest, or may effect any such order with a counterparty that provides the FCM or its affiliates with discounts related to fees for Contracts or other products. In cases where an FCM has offered a Fund a discounted commission or clearing fee for Contracts executed through the FCM as agent or with the FCM or its affiliate acting as counterparty, the FCM or its affiliates may be doing so because of the enhanced profit potential resulting from acting as executing broker or counterparty.

 

An FCM or its affiliates may act as, among other things, an investor, research provider, placement agent, underwriter, distributor, remarketing agent, structurer, securitizer, lender, investment manager, investment adviser, commodity trading advisor, municipal advisor, market maker, trader, prime broker or clearing broker. In those and other capacities, an FCM, its directors, officers, employees and affiliates may take or hold positions in, or advise other customers and counterparties concerning, or publish research or express a view with respect to, a Contract or with a related financial instrument that may not be consistent with, or may be contrary to, the Funds’ interests. Unless otherwise disclosed in writing, an FCM is not necessarily acting in the Funds’ best interest and are not assessing the suitability for the Funds of any Contract or related financial instrument. Acting in one or more of the capacities noted above may give an FCM or its affiliates access to information relating to markets, investments and products. An FCM and its affiliates are under no duty to make any such information available to the Sponsor, except to the extent the FCM has agreed in writing or as may be required under applicable law.

 

Material Contracts

 

Administrative Agency Agreement

 

BNY serves as the Funds’ Administrator pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Agency Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Funds, the Administrator and the Sponsor. The Administrator performs or supervises the performance of services necessary for the operation and administration of the Funds (other than making investment decisions or providing services provided by other service providers), including the NAV calculations, accounting and other fund administrative services.

 

BNY serves as the Funds’ Transfer Agent. Pursuant to the Administrative Agency Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Funds, the Transfer Agent and the Sponsor, the Transfer Agent serves as the Funds’ transfer agent and agent in connection with certain other activities as provided under the Administrative Agency Agreement. Under the Administrative Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent’s services include, among other things, assisting the Funds with the issuance and redemption of Creation Units to and from Authorized Participants, recording the issuance of Creation Units and maintaining a record of the total number of Creation Units that are authorized, issued and outstanding based upon data provided to the Transfer Agent by the Funds or the Sponsor.

 

54
 

 

[To be updated by pre-effective amendment]

 

In its capacity as Administrator and Transfer Agent, BNY is both exculpated and indemnified under the Administrative Agency Agreement.

 

Custodian Agreement

 

BNY serves as the Funds’ Custodian. Pursuant to the Custodian Agreement between the Trust, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Funds, and the Custodian, the Custodian serves as custodian of all securities and cash at any time delivered to the Custodian by the Funds during the term of the Custodian Agreement and has authorized the Custodian to hold its securities in its name or the names of its nominees. Pursuant to the terms of the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian may deposit and/or maintain the investment assets of the Funds in a securities depository and may appoint a sub-custodian to hold investment assets of the Funds. The Custodian establishes and maintains one or more securities accounts and cash accounts for the Funds pursuant to the Custodian Agreement. The Custodian maintains separate and distinct books and records segregating the assets of the Funds.

 

[To be updated by pre-effective amendment]

 

The Custodian is both exculpated and indemnified under the Custodian Agreement.

 

Distribution Agreement

 

Pursuant to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) between the Trust and Foreside, Foreside assists the Sponsor and the Administrator with certain functions and duties relating to distribution and marketing of Shares including reviewing and approving marketing materials.

 

[To be updated by pre-effective amendment]

 

Futures Account Agreement

 

RBC, in its capacity as a registered FCM, serves as the Funds’ clearing broker and as such arranges for the execution and clearing of the Funds’ futures transactions. Pursuant to futures account agreements (each, a “Futures Account Agreement”) between RBC and the Funds, the Funds agree to indemnify and hold harmless RBC, its directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates from and against all claims, damages, losses and costs (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by RBC, as applicable, in connection with: (1) any failure by the Funds to perform its obligations under the Futures Account Agreement and any exercise by RBC of its rights and remedies thereunder; (2) any failure by the Funds to comply with the applicable law; (3) any action reasonably taken by RBC or its affiliates or agents to comply with the applicable law; and (4) any reliance by RBC on any instruction, notice or communication that RBC reasonably believes to originate from a person authorized to act on behalf of the Funds. Also, the Funds agree to remain liable for and pay to RBC on demand the amount of any deficiency in the Funds’ Accounts, and the Funds shall reimburse, compensate and indemnify RBC for any and all costs, losses, penalties, fines, taxes and damages that RBC may incur in collecting such deficiency or otherwise exercising its rights and remedies under the Futures Account Agreement.

 

The Futures Account Agreement may be terminated at any time by the Funds, or RBC by written notice to the other.

 

55
 

 

Purchases By Employee Benefit Plans

 

General

 

The following section sets forth certain consequences under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, and the Code, which a fiduciary of an “employee benefit plan” as defined in and subject to ERISA or of a “plan” as defined in and subject to Section 4975 of the Code who has investment discretion should consider before deciding to invest the plan’s assets in a Fund (such “employee benefit plans” and “plans” being referred to herein as “Plans,” and such fiduciaries with investment discretion being referred to herein as “Plan Fiduciaries”). The following summary is not intended to be complete, but only to address certain questions under ERISA and the Code which are likely to be raised by the Plan Fiduciary’s own counsel.

 

In general, the terms “employee benefit plan” as defined in and subject to Title I of ERISA and “plan” as defined in Section 4975 of the Code together refer to any plan or account of various types which provide retirement benefits or welfare benefits to an individual or to an employer’s employees and their beneficiaries. Such plans and accounts include, but are not limited to, corporate pension and profit-sharing plans, “simplified employee pension plans,” plans for self-employed individuals (including partners), individual retirement accounts described in Section 408 of the Code and medical plans.

 

Each Plan Fiduciary must give appropriate consideration to the facts and circumstances that are relevant to an investment in a Fund, which may include, among other things, the role that such an investment would play in the Plan’s overall investment portfolio. Each Plan Fiduciary, before deciding to invest in a Fund, must be satisfied that such investment is prudent for the Plan, that the investments of the Plan, including the investment in a Fund, are diversified so as to minimize the risk of large losses and that an investment in a Fund complies with the Plan documents and that the purchase will not result in any non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.

 

EACH PLAN FIDUCIARY CONSIDERING ACQUIRING SHARES ON BEHALF OF A PLAN MUST CONSULT WITH ITS OWN LEGAL AND TAX ADVISORS BEFORE DOING SO. AN INVESTMENT IN A FUND IS SPECULATIVE AND INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. NONE OF THE FUNDS IS INTENDED AS A COMPLETE INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

 

“Plan Assets”

 

ERISA and a regulation issued thereunder by the U.S. Department of Labor contain rules for determining when an investment by a Plan in an equity interest of an entity will result in the underlying assets of such entity being considered to constitute assets of the Plan for purposes of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code ( i.e. , “plan assets”). Those rules provide that assets of an entity will not be considered assets of a Plan which purchases an equity interest in the entity if one or more exceptions apply, including (1) an exception applicable if the equity interest purchased is a “publicly offered security” (the “Publicly Offered Security Exception”), and (2) an exception applicable if equity interests purchased by a plan are not significant.

 

The Publicly Offered Security Exception applies if the equity interest is a security that is (1) “freely transferable,” (2) part of a class of securities that is “widely held” and (3) either (a) part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the 1934 Act, or (b) sold to the Plan as part of a public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act and the class of which such security is a part is registered under the 1934 Act within 120 days (or such later time as may be allowed by the SEC) after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer in which the offering of such security occurred.

 

The Trust expects that the Publicly Offered Security Exception should apply with respect to the Shares of each Fund.

 

Ineligible Purchasers

 

Among other considerations, Shares generally may not be purchased with the assets of a Plan if the Sponsor, the FCMs or any of their respective affiliates, any of their respective employees or any employees of their respective affiliates: (1) has investment discretion with respect to the investment of such plan assets; (2) has authority or responsibility to give or regularly gives investment advice with respect to such plan assets, for a fee, and pursuant to an agreement or understanding that such advice will serve as a primary basis for investment decisions with respect to such plan assets and that such advice will be based on the particular investment needs of the Plan; or (3) is an employer maintaining or contributing to such Plan. A party that is described in clause (1) or (2) of the preceding sentence would be a fiduciary under ERISA and the Code with respect to the Plan, and unless an exemption applies, any such purchase might result in a “prohibited transaction” under ERISA and the Code.

 

56
 

 

Except as otherwise set forth, the foregoing statements regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of an investment in Shares of the Funds are based on the provisions of the Code and ERISA as currently in effect, and the existing administrative and judicial interpretations thereunder. No assurance can be given that administrative, judicial or legislative changes will not occur that will not make the foregoing statements incorrect or incomplete.

 

THE PERSON WITH INVESTMENT DISCRETION SHOULD CONSULT WITH HIS OR HER ATTORNEY AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS AS TO THE PROPRIETY OF AN INVESTMENT IN SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PARTICULAR PLAN AND CURRENT TAX LAW.

 

Plan of Distribution

 

Buying and Selling Shares

 

Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares of the Funds will trade on the Exchange under the ticker symbols to be announced prior to the commencement of trading. Shares are bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities. When buying or selling Shares through a broker, most investors incur customary brokerage commissions and charges.

 

Authorized Participants

 

The Funds continuously offer Shares in Creation Units to Authorized Participants. Shares of the Funds are to be offered to Authorized Participants in Creation Units at each Fund’s respective NAV.

 

It is expected that the initial Authorized Participant for the Funds will, subject to certain terms and conditions, make minimum initial purchases of at least two initial Creation Units of the each Fund at an initial price per Share of $[  ]. The Funds will not commence trading unless and until the initial Authorized Participant effects the minimum initial purchase with respect to each Fund. Following the initial purchases by the initial Authorized Participant, Shares of the Funds are to be offered to Authorized Participants in Creation Units at that Fund’s NAV. On the day that the initial Authorized Participant purchases the initial Creation Unit of the Funds, such Fund’s initial per Share NAV will be established as of the times indicated under the section “Creation and Redemption of Shares—Creation Procedures—Determination of Required Payment.”

 

Authorized Participants may offer to the public, from time to time, Shares of a Fund from any Creation Units they create. Shares of a Fund offered to the public by Authorized Participants are offered at a per Share market price that varies depending on, among other factors, the trading price of the Shares of each Fund on the Exchange, the NAV per Share and the supply of and demand for the Shares at the time of the offer. Shares initially comprising the same Creation Unit but offered by Authorized Participants to the public at different times may have different offering prices. Additionally, the price at which an Authorized Participant sells a Share may be higher or lower than the price paid by such Authorized Participant in connection with the creation of such Share in a Creation Unit. Authorized Participants do not receive from any Fund, the Sponsor or any of their affiliates, any fee or other compensation in connection with their sale of Shares to the public, although investors are expected to be charged a customary commission by their brokers in connection with the purchase and sale of Shares that varies from investor to investor. Investors are encouraged to review the terms of their brokerage accounts for applicable charges.

 

[As of the date of this Prospectus, [  ] have each executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and are the only Authorized Participants. The initial Authorized Participant with respect to the Funds is expected to be [  ].]

 

57
 

 

Likelihood of Becoming a Statutory Underwriter

 

Each Fund issues Shares in Creation Units to Authorized Participants from time to time generally in exchange for cash. Because new Shares can be created and issued on an ongoing basis at any point during the life of each Fund, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, will be occurring. An Authorized Participant, other broker-dealer firm or its client could be deemed a statutory underwriter, and thus would be subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act, if it purchased a Creation Unit from each Fund, broke the Creation Unit down into the constituent Shares and sold the Shares to its customers; or if it chose to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for the Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that would lead to categorization as an underwriter. Authorized Participants, other broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some of their activities may result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which would render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. [For example, [  ], as initial Authorized Participant for the Funds would be a statutory underwriter with respect to its purchase of initial Creation Unis of the Funds as described above.]

 

Dealers who are neither Authorized Participants nor “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by section 4(3) of the 1933 Act.

 

General

 

Retail investors may purchase and sell Shares through traditional brokerage accounts. Investors who purchase Shares through a commission/fee based brokerage account may pay commissions/fees charged by the brokerage account. Investors are encouraged to review the terms of their brokerage accounts for applicable charges.

 

The offering of Creation Units is being made in compliance with FINRA Rule 2310. Accordingly, the Authorized Participants may not make any sales to any account over which they have discretionary authority without the prior written approval of a purchaser of Shares. In any event, the maximum amount of all items of value, including compensation paid from the offering proceeds and in the form of “trail commissions,” to be paid to FINRA members, including to the Marketing Agent, in connection with the offering of the Shares by a Fund will not exceed 10% of gross offering proceeds.

 

Legal Matters

 

Vedder Price P.C. has advised the Sponsor in connection with the Shares being offered. Vedder Price P.C. also advises the Sponsor with respect to its responsibilities as sponsor of, and with respect to matters relating to, the Trust and the Funds.

 

Certain opinions of counsel have been filed with the SEC as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part.

 

Experts

 

The combined financial statements of GraniteShares ETP Trust, the individual financial statements of each of the Funds comprising GraniteShares ETP Trust, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of GraniteShares ETP Trust, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of each of the individual funds comprising GraniteShares ETP Trust, (which assessments are included in Management’s Report of Internal Control over Financial Reporting), incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report of GraniteShares ETP Trust on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2016, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of [    ], an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

Where Investors Can Find More Information

 

The Trust has filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC under the 1933 Act. This Prospectus constitutes part of the Registration Statement filed by the Trust for itself and on behalf of each Fund. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in such Registration Statement, certain portions of which have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, including, without limitation, certain exhibits thereto (for example, the form of the Authorized Participant Agreement). The descriptions contained herein of agreements included as exhibits to the Registration Statement are necessarily summaries and may not be complete; the exhibits themselves may be inspected without charge at the Public Reference Room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549, and copies of all or part thereof may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fees. Investors may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of such site is www.sec.gov.

 

58
 

 

Recent Financial Information and Annual Reports

 

You should read the financial statements and the notes to those financial statements in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and the Trusts Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, along with any amendments thereto, which have been incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Please refer to the section entitled “Incorporation by Reference of Certain Documents” in this Prospectus. Because GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF and GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF did not have any securities registered with the SEC as of December 31, 2016, for financial information regarding GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF and GraniteShars Inverse Bitcoin ETF, please see the sections entitled “Financial Information Regarding GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF and GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF.

 

The Sponsor will furnish an annual report of the Funds in the manner required by the rules and regulations of the SEC as well as with those reports required by the CFTC and the NFA, including, but not limited to, annual audited financial statements of the Funds examined and certified by independent registered public accountants and any other reports required by any other governmental authority that has jurisdiction over the activities of the Funds. Monthly account statements conforming to CFTC and NFA requirements, as well as the current annual and quarterly reports and other filings made with the SEC, are posted on the Sponsor’s website at www.GraniteShares.com. Shareholders of record will also be provided with appropriate information to permit them to file U.S. federal and state income tax returns with respect to Shares held. Additional reports may be posted on the Sponsor’s website at the discretion of the Sponsor or as required by regulatory authorities.

 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION REGARDING
GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF AND GRANITESHARES SHORT BITCOIN ETF
Index To Financial Statements

 

GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF  
Report of Independent Public Accounting Firm dated [  ]* F-2
Statement of Financial Condition dated [  ]* F-3
Notes to Statement of Financial Condition* F-4
GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF  
Report of Independent Public Accounting Firm dated [  ]*  
Statement of Financial Condition dated [  ]* F-5
Notes to Statement of Financial Condition* F-6

 

* To be furnished by amendment

 

F-1
 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm *

 

GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF:

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED OPERATIONS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, HAS NO ASSETS OR LIABILITIES.

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE A PERFORMANCE HISTORY.

 

* To be furnished by amendment

 

F-2
 

 

GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
DATED [  ] *

 

GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF:

 

GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED OPERATIONS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, HAS NO ASSETS OR LIABILITIES.

 

GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE A PERFORMANCE HISTORY.

 

* To be furnished by amendment

 

F-3
 

 

GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DATED [  ] *

 

GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF:

 

GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED OPERATIONS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, HAS NO ASSETS OR LIABILITIES.

 

GRANITESHARES BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE A PERFORMANCE HISTORY.

 

* To be furnished by amendment

 

F-4
 

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
DATED [  ] *

 

GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF:

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED OPERATIONS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, HAS NO ASSETS OR LIABILITIES.

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE A PERFORMANCE HISTORY.

 

* To be furnished by amendment

 

F-5
 

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DATED [  ] *

 

GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF:

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED OPERATIONS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, HAS NO ASSETS OR LIABILITIES.

 

GRANITESHARES INVERSE BITCOIN ETF HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE A PERFORMANCE HISTORY.

 

* To be furnished by amendment

 

F-6
 

 

Privacy Policy

 

The Trust’s Commitment to Investors

 

The Sponsor and the Trust are committed to respecting the privacy of personal information investors entrust to the Trust in the course of doing business.

 

The Information the Trust Collects About Investors

 

The Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, collects non-public personal information from various sources. For instance, forms may include names, addresses, and social security numbers. The Funds receive information from transactions in investors’ accounts, including account balances, and from correspondence between investors and the Funds or third parties, such as the Funds’ service providers. The Sponsor, on behalf of the Funds, uses such information provided by investors or their representative to process transactions, to respond to inquiries from investors, to deliver reports, products, and services, and to fulfill legal and regulatory requirements.

 

How the Trust Handles Investors’ Personal Information

 

The Sponsor does not disclose any non-public personal information about investors to anyone unless permitted by law or approved by the affected investor. The Sponsor may share information about investors with certain third parties who are not affiliated with the Trust to process or service a transaction that investors have requested or as permitted by law. For example, sharing information with non-affiliated third parties that maintain or service investors’ accounts for the Funds is essential.

 

The Sponsor may also share information with companies that perform administrative or marketing services for the Funds including research firms. When the Funds enter into such a relationship, such third parties’ use of customer’s information is restricted and they are prohibited from sharing it or using it for any purposes other than those for which they were hired. The Sponsor also requires service providers to maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards that comply with federal standards to guard investors’ non-public personal information.

 

How the Trust Safeguards Investors’ Personal Information

 

The Sponsor maintains physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards to protect investors’ personal information. Within the Funds, access to personal information is restricted to those employees who require access to that information in order to provide products or services to customers such as processing transactions and handling inquiries. Use of customer information is restricted and customer information is required to be held in strict confidence.

 

The Sponsor will adhere to the policies and practices described in this notice for both current and former customers of the Funds.

 

GraniteShares ETP Trust
c/o GraniteShares Inc
30 Vesey Street, 9th floor
New York, New York
Telephone: 646 876 5096

 

These documents may also be accessed through the web at www.GraniteShares.com or as described under “Where Investors Can Find More Information.” The information and other content contained on or linked from the website are not incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and should not be considered a part of this Prospectus.

 

Annual, quarterly and current reports and other information are on file with the SEC. You may read and copy these materials at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding the Trust and the Funds.

 

A-1
 

 

Futures Commission Merchants

 

RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC”) (formerly RBC Capital Markets Corporation), in its capacity as a registered FCM, serves as the Funds’ clearing broker and as such arranges for the execution and clearing of the Funds’ futures transactions. RBC acts as clearing broker for many other funds and individuals. A variety of executing brokers may execute futures transactions on behalf of the Funds. The executing brokers will give up all such transactions to RBC.

 

Investors should be advised that RBC is not affiliated with or acts as a supervisor of the Funds or the Funds’ commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, investment managers, trustees, general partners, administrators, transfer agents, registrars or organizers, as applicable. Additionally, RBC, in its capacity as FCM, is not acting as an underwriter or sponsor of the offering of any Shares or interests in the Funds or has not passed upon the merits of participating in this offering.

 

RBC has not passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus or on the accuracy of the information contained herein. Additionally, RBC does not provide any commodity trading advice regarding the Funds’ trading activities. Investors should not rely upon RBC in deciding whether to invest in the Funds or retain their interests in the Funds. Investors should also note that the Funds may select additional clearing brokers or replace RBC as the Funds’ clearing broker.

 

Litigation and Regulatory Disclosure Relating to FCMs

 

RBC Capital Markets LLC (“RBC” or the “Company”)

 

[Description to be added by per-effective amendment]

 

Margin Levels Expected to be Held at the FCMs

 

While the portfolio composition may vary over time, it is not expected that the Inverse Fund will ever have futures exposure greater than one time (1x) the Inverse Fund’s assets, or that the Matching Fund will ever have futures exposure greater than one time (1x) the Matching Fund’s assets. Thus the maximum margin held at an FCM would not exceed the margin requirement for the Inverse Fund or the margin requirement for the Matching Fund. The margin levels described below are based upon current exchange requirements for non-hedger accounts. It is possible that the Funds’ FCMs will require margins greater than the levels set by the relevant exchange and it is also possible that the Funds may qualify for the lower margin levels available to hedge accounts. However, because there is no certainty as to these probabilities, the estimates are made with the assumption that the applicable margin levels for the Funds are the current exchange margin levels for non-hedger accounts. The expected amount is listed first and the maximum amount is listed second. These amounts are based on current margin requirements and current futures levels. They will fluctuate with changes to either factor.

 

It is expected that GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF will have Bitcoin Futures Contracts with notional amounts equal to approximately 100% of Fund assets. As of December 13, 2017, the minimum margin requirement as a percentage of futures notional was approximately 44%. Thus, it is expected that the minimum margin held at FCMs would be approximately 44% of Fund assets for GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF.

 

It is expected that GraniteShares Inverse Bitcoin ETF will have Bitcoin Futures Contracts with notional amounts equal to approximately 100% of Fund assets. As of December 13, 2017, the minimum margin requirement as a percentage of futures notional was approximately 44%. Thus, it is expected that the minimum margin held at FCMs would be approximately 44% of Fund assets for GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF.

 

The Funds receive the income on any securities or other property of the Funds transferred to the FCMs to fulfill requirements for margin to be held by the FCMs in respect of commodity interests, and receive a negotiated portion of any income derived by the FCMs in respect of any cash transferred to the FCMs and held for this purpose.

 

A-2
 

 

Appendix A — Glossary

 

The Glossary below defines certain of the terms and meanings used throughout this Prospectus. Each term also is defined the first time it is used in this Prospectus.

 

  1933 Act Securities Act of 1933, as amended
  1934 Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
  1940 Act Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
  Administrator The Bank of New York Mellon, as administrator for the Funds
  Advisers Act The Investment Advisers Act of 1940
  Authorized Participant Those who may purchase ( i.e. , create) or redeem Creation Units directly from the Funds
  BNY The Bank of New York Mellon
  Bitcoin A type of a digital asset based on an open source cryptographic protocol existing on the Bitcoin Network
  Bitcoin Blockchain The public transaction ledger of the Bitcoin Network on which all bitcoin transactions are recorded.
  Bitcoin Exchange An electronic marketplace where exchange participants may trade, buy and sell bitcoin based on bid-ask trading. Bitcoin Exchanges are typically web-based and trade on a 24-hour basis, publishing transaction price and volume data.
  Bitcoin Exchange Market The global bitcoin exchange market for the trading of bitcoin, which consists of transactions on Bitcoin Exchanges.
  Bitcoin Futures Contract The lead month Bitcoin futures contracts listed and traded on the CBOE
  Bitcoin Network The online, end-user-to-end-user network hosting the public transaction ledger, known as the Bitcoin Blockchain, and the source code comprising the basis for the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the Bitcoin Network.
  Business Day Any day on which the NAV of a specified Fund is determined.
  CBOE Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated
  CBOE BZX Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
  CBOT Chicago Board of Trade
  CEA Commodity Exchange Act, as amended
  CFE Cboe Futures Exchange
  CFTC United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
  CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange
  Creation Unit A block of [10,000] Shares, as applicable, that is created for sale by the Trust to Authorized Participants and/or submitted to the Trust for redemption by an Authorized Participant.
  Core Developers The informal group that manages and develops the Bitcoin Network.
  Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, as custodian for the Funds
  DSTA Delaware Statutory Trust Act
  DTC Depository Trust Company

 

A-1
 

 

  Exchange The exchange on which a Fund is primarily listed and traded (i.e., Cboe BZX Exchange).
  FCM Futures Commission Merchant
  FINRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
  Fund(s) One or more of the series of the Trust.
  ICE Intercontinental Exchange
  IRS United States Internal Revenue Service
  Marketing Agent Foreside Fund Services, LLC , as marketing agent for the Funds
  NAV Net Asset Value
  NFA National Futures Association
  NSCC National Securities Clearing Corporation
  NYMEX New York Mercantile Exchange
  Other Fund A series of the Trust that is not being offered pursuant to this Prospectus.
  PTP Publicly traded partnership
  RBC RBC Capital Markets, LLC
  SEC United States Securities & Exchange Commission
  Shares Common units of beneficial interest that represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Funds.
  Sponsor GraniteShares Advisors LLC
  Transfer Agent The Bank of New York Mellon, as transfer agent for the Funds
  Trust GraniteShares ETP Trust
  Trustee Wilmington Trust Company
  U.S. United States of America

 

A-2
 

 

PART II

 

Information Not Required in Prospectus

 

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

The following chart reflects estimated amounts required to prepare and file this Registration Statement and complete the offering of the Shares.

 

      Approximate
Amount*
 
Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee   $    
FINRA Filing Fee   $    
Printing Expenses   $ [  ] *
Fees of Certified Public Accountants   $ [  ] *
Fees of Counsel   $ [  ] *
Miscellaneous Offering Costs   $ [  ] *
Total   $ [  ] *

 

* To be provided by amendment.

 

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

The amended and restated Trust Agreement of the Trust provides for, and as amended from time-to-time, will provide for, the indemnification of the Sponsor. The Sponsor (including Covered Persons as will be provided under each amended and restated Trust Agreement) shall be indemnified by the Trust (or any Fund separately to the extent the matter in question relates to a single Fund or is otherwise disproportionate), against any losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses and amounts paid in settlement of any claims sustained by it in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Sponsor may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Sponsor may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of any alleged act or omission as the Sponsor or by reason of his or her being or having been the Sponsor except with respect to any matter as to which such Sponsor shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Sponsor’s action was in the best interests of the Trust and except that the Sponsor shall not be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misconduct or gross negligence of such Sponsor.

 

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

 

None.

 

 
 

 

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

The following documents (unless otherwise indicated) are filed herewith and made a part of this Registration Statement:

 

  (a) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed herewith:

 

Exhibit Number   Description of Document
     
4.1   Declaration of Trust of GraniteShares ETP Trust (filed herewith)
     
4.2   Certificate of Trust*
     
4.3   Form of Authorized Participant Agreement*
     
5.1   Form of Opinion of Vedder Price P.C. as to legality*
     
8.1   Form of Opinion of Vedder Price P.C. as to tax matters*
     
10.1   Form of Sponsor Agreement*
     
10.2   Form of Administration and Transfer Agency Services Agreement*
     
10.3   Form of Custodian Agreement*
     
10.4   Form of Distribution Agreement*
     
10.5   Form of Futures Account Agreement*
     
10.6   Form of Institutional Master Futures Client Account Agreement*
     
23.1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
     
23.2   Consent of Vedder Price P.C. (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1) *
     
24.1   Power of Attorney (included on signature page to this Registration Statement as filed herewith)

 

* To be filed by amendment.

 

  (b) The following financial statements are included in the Prospectus:

 

  (1) GraniteShares Bitcoin ETF

 

Report of Independent Public Accounting Firm dated [  ] *

Statement of Financial Condition dated [  ] *

Notes to Statement of Financial Condition *

 

  (2) GraniteShares Short Bitcoin ETF

 

Report of Independent Public Accounting Firm dated [  ] *

Statement of Financial Condition dated [  ] *

Notes to Statement of Financial Condition *

 

*To be furnished by amendment

 

 
 

 

Item 17. Undertakings.

 

  (a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

 

  (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement;

 

  (i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
     
  (ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 per cent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

 

  (iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

Provided, however, that:

 

  (A) Paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S–8, and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement; and
     
  (B) Paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S–3 or Form F–3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

 

  (2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the bona fide offering thereof.
     
  (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

 
 

 

  (4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

 

  (i) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:
     
    That each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to this offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in this registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided , however , that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

 

  (5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

 

    The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

  (i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
     
  (ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
     
  (iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or their securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
     
  (iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

 

  (b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 14 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any such action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of their respective counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

  (i) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

 

  (1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
     
  (2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

 
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of New York, State of New York, on the 8th day of March 2018.

 

  GraniteShares ETP Trust
  Sponsor of the GraniteShares Advisors LLC
     
  By: /s/ William Rhind
  Name: William Rhind
  Title: Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

Each of the undersigned members of GraniteShares Advisors LLC, the sponsor of the Registrant, hereby constitutes William Rhind and Benoit Autier, individually and not jointly, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (including post-effective amendments to the registration statement and any such related registration statements), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents in connection therewith, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement on Form S-1 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

/s/ William Rhind   Principal Executive Officer   March 8, 2018
Name: William Rhind   Principal Financial Officer    
         
/s/ Benoit Autier   Principal Accounting Officer   March 8, 2018
Name: Benoit Autier        

 

 
 

GRAPHIC 2 pre_001.jpg begin 644 pre_001.jpg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end GRAPHIC 3 pre_002.jpg begin 644 pre_002.jpg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pre_003.jpg begin 644 pre_003.jpg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end GRAPHIC 5 pre_004.jpg begin 644 pre_004.jpg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end EX-4.1 6 ex4-1.htm

 

DECLARATION OF TRUST OF

GRANITESHARES ETP TRUST

 

WHEREAS, THIS DECLARATION OF TRUST is made as of the date set forth below by the Trustees named hereunder and the holders of shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder and to be issued hereunder as hereinafter provided for the purpose of continuing a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;

 

WHEREAS, the Trustees have heretofore created the Trust (as defined herein) as a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act (as defined herein), by causing to be filed a Certificate of Trust with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time, entering into a Declaration of Trust of the Trust, (the “Original Declaration of Trust”), as amended from time to time (the “Amended Declaration of Trust”); and

 

WHEREAS, the Trustees desire to continue the Trust as a statutory trust under the Delaware Act and hereby amend and restate the Amended Declaration of Trust in its entirety;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they will hold in trust all cash, securities, and other assets which the Trust now possess or may hereafter acquire from time to time acquire in any manner and manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the benefit of the holders of Shares of this Trust.

 

Article 1

 

Name and Definitions

 

1.1 Name. This Trust shall be known as “Graniteshares ETP Trust” and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name or names as they may from time to time determine.

 

1.2 Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided below:

 

(a) “1940 Act” refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 (and any successor statute) and the rules and regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;

 

(b) “Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Trust as amended from time to time which Bylaws are expressly herein incorporated by reference as part of the “governing instrument” within the meaning of the Delaware Act;

 

(c) “Class” shall mean any class of Shares in a Series of the Trust established in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 hereof;

 

(d) “Code” refers to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (and any successor statute) and the rules and regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;

 

(e) “Commission” shall have the meaning given such term in the 1940 Act;

 

 
 

 

(f) “Declaration of Trust” or “Declaration” shall mean this Declaration of Trust as amended or restated from time to time;

 

(g) “Delaware Act” refers to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. Code, Section 3801 et seq., as amended from time to time;

 

(h) “Interested Person” shall have the meaning given such term in the 1940 Act;

 

(i) “Person” means and includes individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, associations, joint ventures, estates and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof, whether domestic or foreign;

 

(j) “Principal Underwriter” shall have the meaning given such term in the 1940 Act;

 

(k) “Series” shall mean each Series of Shares established and designated under or in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 hereof; and where the context requires or where appropriate, shall be deemed to include “Class” or “Classes”;

 

(l) “Shareholder” shall mean a record owner of outstanding Shares;

 

(m) “Shares” shall mean the shares of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and shall include fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares;

 

(n) “Trust” shall mean the Delaware statutory trust continued by this Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to time;

 

(o) “Trustee” or “Trustees” shall mean each signatory to this Declaration of Trust so long as they continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who may from time to time be duly elected or appointed to serve on the Board of Trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or Trustees shall refer to such person or persons only in their capacity as trustees hereunder; and

 

(p) “Trust Property” shall mean any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust.

 

Article 2

 

Nature and Purpose of Trust

 

2.1 Nature of Trust. The Trust is a statutory trust of the type referred to in the Delaware Act, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or privileges afforded to statutory trusts or actions that may be engaged in by statutory trusts under the Delaware Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions. The Trust is not intended to be, shall not be deemed to be, and shall not be treated as, a general or a limited partnership, joint venture, bailment, corporation, joint stock company, or any form of legal relationship other than a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act. The Trustees or Shareholders or any of them for any purpose shall not be deemed to be, or be treated in any way whatsoever as though they were, liable or responsible hereunder as partners or joint venturers, nor shall anything in this Declaration of Trust be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.

 

2
 

 

2.2 Purpose of Trust. The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business of a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act through one or more Series, to do any and all acts or things as are necessary, convenient, appropriate, incidental or customary in connection therewith and to carry on such other business as the Trustees may from time to time determine. The Trustees shall not be limited by any law limiting the investments which may be made by fiduciaries.

 

2.3 Interpretation of Declaration of Trust.

 

2.3.1 Governing Instrument. This Declaration of Trust shall be the governing instrument of the Trust and shall be governed by and construed according to the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

2.3.2 No Waiver of Compliance with Applicable Law. No provision of this Declaration shall be effective to require a waiver of compliance with any provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the 1940 Act, or of any valid rule, regulation or order of the Commission thereunder.

 

2.3.3 Power of the Trustees Generally. Except as otherwise set forth herein, the Trustees may exercise all powers of trustees under the Delaware Act on behalf of the Trust.

 

Article 3

 

Registered Agent; Principal Place of Business

 

3.1 Registered Agent. The name of the registered agent of the Trust is The Corporation Trust Company and the registered agent’s business address in Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.

 

3.2 Principal Place of Business. The principal place of business of the Trust is 7501 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1000, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

 

Article 4

 

Beneficial Interest

 

4.1 Shares of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interests in the Trust shall be divided into Shares, all without par value, and the Trustees shall have the authority from time to time to divide the Shares into two (2) or more separate and distinct series of Shares (“Series”) or classes of Shares (“Classes”) as provided in Section 4.10 of this Article 4. All references to Shares in this Declaration of Trust shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all Series or Classes thereof, as the context may require. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each Series of the Trust and each Class thereof, except as the context otherwise require. In addition to the powers of the Trustees specifically described in this Article 4, the Trustees shall have full power and authority, in their sole discretion, and without obtaining any authorization or vote of the Shareholders of any Series or Class, to take such action with respect to the Shares as the Trustees may deem desirable.

 

3
 

 

4.2 Number of Authorized Shares. The Trustees are authorized to issue an unlimited number of Shares (including fractional Shares). The Trustees may issue Shares for such consideration and on such terms as they may determine (or for no consideration if pursuant to a Share dividend or split), all without action or approval of the Shareholders. The Trustees may divide or combine the Shares of any Series or Class thereof into a greater or lesser number without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the Shares of such Series or Class thereof in the assets held with respect to that Series.

 

4.3 Ownership and Certification of Shares. The Secretary of the Trust, or the Trust’s transfer or similar agent, shall record the ownership and transfer of Shares of each Series and Class separately on the record books of the Trust. The record books of the Trust, as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, shall contain the name and address of and the number of Shares held by each Shareholder, and such record books shall be conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders of each Series or Class and as to the number of Shares of each Series or Class held from time to time by each Shareholder. No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such rules as they consider appropriate for the issuance of share certificates, transfer of Shares, and similar matters.

 

4.4 Investments in the Trust. Investments may be accepted by the Trust from Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for such consideration, as the Trustees may from time to time authorize. The Trustees shall have the power and authority, in their sole discretion, and without obtaining any authorization or vote of the Shareholders of any Series or Class thereof, to refuse to issue Shares to any Person or class of Persons.

 

4.5 Status of Shares.

 

4.5.1 Fully Paid and Non-assessable. All Shares when issued on the terms determined by the Trustees, including, without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend or other distribution in Shares or a split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully paid and non-assessable.

 

4.5.2 Personal Property. Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this Declaration of Trust.

 

4.5.3 Party to Declaration of Trust. Every Person by virtue of having become registered as a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms of this Declaration of Trust and to have become a party thereto.

 

4
 

 

4.5.4 Death of Shareholder. The death of a Shareholder during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust nor entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees. The representative shall be entitled to the same rights as the decedent under this Trust.

 

4.5.5 Title to Trust; Right to Accounting. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders as partners.

 

4.6 Determination of Shareholders. The Trustees may from time to time close the transfer books or establish record dates and times for the purposes of determining the Shareholders entitled to be treated as such, to the extent provided or referred to in Section 7.3.

 

4.7 Shares Held by Trust. The Trustees may hold as treasury shares, reissue for such consideration and on such terms as they may determine, or cancel, at their discretion from time to time, any Shares of any Series or Class reacquired by the Trust.

 

4.8 Shares Held by Persons Related to Trust. Any Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust, and any organization in which any such person is interested may acquire, own, hold and dispose of Shares of the Trust to the same extent as if such person were not a Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust; and the Trust may issue and sell or cause to be issued and sold and may purchase Shares from any such person or any such organization subject only to the general limitations, restrictions or other provisions applicable to the sale or purchase of such Shares generally.

 

4.9 Preemptive and Appraisal Rights. Shareholders shall not, as Shareholders, have any right to acquire, purchase or subscribe for any Shares or other securities of the Trust which it may hereafter issue or sell, other than such right, if any, as the Trustees in their discretion may determine. Shareholders shall have no appraisal rights with respect to their Shares. No action may be brought by a Shareholder on behalf of the Trust unless Shareholders owning no less than a majority of the then outstanding Shares, or Series or Class thereof, join in the bringing of such action. A Shareholder of Shares in a particular Series or Class of the Trust shall not be entitled to participate in a derivative or class action lawsuit on behalf of any other Series or Class, as appropriate, or on behalf of the Shareholders in any such other Series or Class of the Trust.

 

4.10 Series and Classes of Shares.

 

4.10.1 Classification of Shares. The Trustees may classify or reclassify any unissued Shares or any Shares previously issued and reacquired of any Series or Class into one or more Series or Classes that may be established and designated from time to time.

 

4.10.2 Establishment, Designation, Abolition or Termination. The Trustees shall have exclusive power without the requirement of Shareholder approval to establish and designate separate and distinct Series and Classes of Shares, and to abolish or terminate Series and Classes of Shares. The establishment and designation of any Series or Class shall be effective upon the adoption by a majority of the Trustees then in office of a resolution setting forth such establishment and designation and the relative rights and preferences of the Shares of such Series or Class, whether directly in such resolution or by reference to another document including, without limitation, any registration statement of the Trust, or as otherwise provided in such resolution. The abolition or termination of any Series or Class of Shares of the Trust shall be effective upon the adoption by a majority of the Trustees then in office of a resolution that abolishes or terminates such Series or Class. Each resolution described in this Section 4.10.2 shall be incorporated herein by reference upon adoption.

 

5
 

 

4.10.3 Separate and Distinct Nature. Each Series and Class, including without limitation Series and Classes specifically established and designated in Section 4.10.2, shall be separate and distinct from any other Series and Class and shall maintain separate and distinct records on the books of the Trust, and the assets belonging to any such Series or Class shall be held and accounted for separately from the assets of the Trust or any other Series or Class.

 

4.10.4 Conversion and Exchange Rights. Subject to compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Trustees shall have the authority to provide that holders of Shares of any Series or Class shall have the right to convert said Shares into or exchange said Shares for Shares of one or more other Series or Class in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the Trustees.

 

4.10.5 Rights and Preferences. The Trustees shall have exclusive power without the requirement of Shareholder approval to fix and determine the relative rights, preferences, voting powers, duties and privileges and business purpose of each Series or Class as the Trustees may from time to time determine, which rights, preferences, voting powers, duties and privileges may be senior or subordinate to (or in the case of business purpose, different from) any existing Series or Class thereof and may be limited to specified property or obligations of the Trust or profits and losses associated with specified property or obligations of the Trust.

 

4.10.5.1 Assets and Liabilities “Belonging” to a Series or Class. All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a particular Series or Class, together with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof, including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be, shall be held and accounted for separately from the other assets of the Trust and of every other Series or Class and may be referred to herein as “assets belonging to” that Series or Class. The assets belonging to a particular Series or Class shall belong to that Series or Class for all purposes, and to no other Series or Class, subject only to the rights of creditors of that Series or Class. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof, including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series or Class (collectively “General Items”), the Trustees shall allocate to and among any one or more of the Series and/or Classes in such manner and on such basis as they, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable. Any General Items so allocated to a particular Series or Class shall belong to that Series or Class. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon all Shareholders for all purposes. The assets belonging to each particular Series and Class shall be charged with the liabilities in respect of that Series or Class and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that Series or Class, and any general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series or Class shall be allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among any one or more of the Series and Classes established and designated from time to time in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable. Each allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon all Shareholders for all purposes.

 

6
 

 

4.10.5.2 Treatment of Particular Items. The Trustees shall have full discretion, to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act and consistent with generally accepted accounting principles, to determine which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital; and each such determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders.

 

4.10.5.3 Limitation on Interseries and Interclass Liabilities. Subject to the right of the Trustees in their discretion to allocate general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves as provided in Section 4.10.5.1, the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular Series or Class shall be enforceable against the assets of such Series or Class only, and not against the assets of any other Series or Class. Notice of this limitation on liabilities between and among Series shall be set forth in the certificate of trust of the Trust (whether originally or by amendment) as filed or to be filed in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to the Delaware Act, and upon the giving of such notice in the certificate of trust, the statutory provisions of Section 3804 of the Delaware Act relating to limitations on liabilities between and among series (and the statutory effect under Section 3804 of setting forth such notice in the certificate of trust) shall become applicable to the Trust and each Series. Any person extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against any Series or Class may look only to the assets of that Series or Class to satisfy or enforce any debt, with respect to that Series or Class. No Shareholder or former Shareholder of any Series or Class shall have a claim on or any right to any assets allocated or belonging to any other Series or Class.

 

4.10.5.4 Dividends. Dividends and capital gains distributions on Shares of a particular Series may be paid with such frequency, in such form, and in such amount as the Trustees may determine by resolution adopted from time to time, or pursuant to a standing resolution or resolutions adopted only once or with such frequency as the Trustees may determine. All dividends and distributions on Shares of a particular Series or Class shall be distributed pro rata to the holders of Shares of that Series or Class in proportion to the number of Shares of that Series or Class held by such holders at the date and time of record established for the payment of such dividends or distributions. Such dividends and distributions may be paid in cash, property or additional Shares of that Series or Class, or a combination thereof, as determined by the Trustees or pursuant to any program that the Trustees may have in effect at the time for the election by each Shareholder of the form in which dividends or distributions are to be paid to that Shareholder. Any such dividend or distribution paid in Shares shall be paid at the net asset value thereof as determined in accordance with Section 4.10.5.8.

 

7
 

 

4.10.5.5 Redemption by Shareholder. Each Shareholder of a particular Series or Class shall have the right on any business day to require the Trust to redeem all or any part of his Shares of that Series or Class, upon and subject to the terms and conditions provided in this Section 4.10.5.5, in accordance with and pursuant to procedures or methods prescribed or approved by the Trustees and, in the case of any Series or Class now or hereafter authorized, if so determined by the Trustees, shall be redeemable only in aggregations of such number of Shares and at such times as may be determined by, or determined pursuant to procedures or methods prescribed by or approved by, the Trustees from time to time with respect to such Series or Class. The number of Shares comprising an aggregation for purposes of redemption or repurchase so determined from time to time with respect to any Series or Class shall be referred to herein as a “Creation Unit” and collectively, as “Creation Units”. The Trustees shall have the unrestricted power to determine from time to time the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit by resolutions adopted at any regular or special meeting of the Trustees. Each holder of a Creation Unit aggregation of a Series or Class, upon request to the Trust accompanied by surrender of the appropriate stock certificate or certificates in proper form for transfer if certificates have been issued to such holder, or in accordance with such other procedures as may from time to time be in effect if certificates have not been issued, shall be entitled to require the Trust to redeem all or any number of such holder’s Shares standing in the name of such holder on the books of the Trust, but in the case of Shares of any Series or Class as to which the Trustees have determined that such Shares shall be redeemable in Creation Unit aggregations, only in such Creation Unit aggregations of shares of such Series or Class as the Trustees may determine from time to time in accordance with this Section 4.10.5.5. The Trust shall, upon application of any Shareholder or pursuant to authorization from any Shareholder, redeem or repurchase from such Shareholder outstanding Shares for an amount per share determined by the Trustees in accordance with any applicable laws and regulations; provided that (i) such amount per share shall not exceed the cash equivalent of the proportionate interest of each Share or of any Class or Series of Shares in the assets of the Trust at the time of the redemption or repurchase and (ii) if so authorized by the Trustees, the Trust may, at any time and from time to time, charge fees for effecting such redemption or repurchase, at such rates as the Trustees may establish, as and to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and may, at any time and from time to time, pursuant to such Act and such rules and regulations, suspend such right of redemption. The procedures for effecting and suspending redemption shall be as set forth in each Series’ prospectus from time to time. Payment may be in cash, securities or a combination thereof, as determined by or pursuant to the direction of the Trustees from time to time, less any applicable sales charges and/or fees.

 

4.10.5.6 Redemption by Trust. The Trustees may cause the Trust to redeem the Shares of any Series or Class held by a Shareholder at the redemption price that would be applicable if such Shares were then being redeemed by the Shareholder pursuant to Section 4.10.5.5 upon such conditions as may from time to time be determined by the Trustees. Upon redemption of Shares pursuant to this Section 4.10.5.6, the Trust shall promptly cause payment of the full redemption price to be made to such Shareholder for Shares so redeemed.

 

8
 

 

4.10.5.7 Code Compliance. If the Trustees shall, at any time and in good faith, determine that direct or indirect ownership of Shares of any Series or Class thereof has or may become concentrated in any Person to an extent that would disqualify any Series as a regulated investment company under the Code, then the Trustees shall have the power (but not the obligation) by such means as they deem equitable (i) to call for the redemption by any such Person of a number, or principal amount, of Shares sufficient to maintain or bring the direct or indirect ownership of Shares into conformity with the requirements for such qualification, (ii) to refuse to transfer or issue Shares of any Series or Class thereof to such Person whose acquisition of the Shares in question would result in such disqualification, or (iii) to take such other actions as they deem necessary and appropriate to avoid such disqualification. Any such redemption shall be effected at the redemption price and in the manner provided in this Article 4. Any Shareholder shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares as the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code, or to comply with the requirements of any other taxing authority.

 

4.10.5.8 Net Asset Value. The net asset value per Share of any Series or Class shall be determined in accordance with the methods and procedures established by the Trustees from time to time and, to the extent required by applicable law, as disclosed in the then current prospectus or statement of additional information for the Series or Class.

 

4.10.5.9 Maintenance of Stable Net Asset Value. The Trustees may determine to maintain the net asset value per Share of any Series at a designated constant dollar amount and in connection therewith may adopt procedures not inconsistent with the 1940 Act for the continuing declarations of income attributable to that Series, or any Class thereof, as dividends payable in additional Shares of that Series or Class at the designated constant dollar amount and for the handling of any losses attributable to that Series or Class. Such procedures may provide that in the event of any loss each Shareholder shall be deemed to have contributed to the capital of the Trust attributable to that Series or Class his or her pro rata portion of the total number of Shares required to be canceled in order to permit the net asset value per Share of that Series or Class to be maintained, after reflecting such loss, at the designated constant dollar amount. Each Shareholder of the Trust shall be deemed to have agreed, by his investment in any Series with respect to which the Trustees shall have adopted any such procedure, to make the contribution referred to in the preceding sentence in the event of any such loss. The Trustees may delegate any of their powers and duties under this Section 4.10.5.9 with respect to appraisal of assets and liabilities in the determination of net asset value or with respect to a suspension of the determination of net asset value to an officer or officers or agent or agents of the Trust designated from time to time by the Trustees.

 

4.10.5.10 Transfer of Shares. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees or the appropriate officers of the Trust, Shares shall be transferable on the records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by his duly authorized agent upon delivery to the Trustees or the Trust’s transfer agent of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with a Share certificate, if one is outstanding, and such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of such other matters as may be required by the Trustees. Upon such delivery the transfer shall be recorded on the register of the Trust. Until a transfer is so recorded, the holder of record of Shares shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereunder and neither the Trustees nor the Trust, nor any transfer agent or registrar or any officer, employee, or agent of the Trust, shall be affected by any notice of a proposed transfer.

 

9
 

 

4.10.5.11 Equality of Shares. All Shares of each particular Series shall represent an equal proportionate interest in the assets held with respect to that Series (subject to the liabilities held with respect to that Series and such rights and preferences as may have been established and designated with respect to Classes of Shares within such Series), and each Share of any particular Series shall be equal in this respect to each other Share of that Series. With respect to any Class of a Series, each such Class shall represent interests in the assets held with respect to that Series and shall have individual voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights and the same terms and conditions, except that expenses allocated to a Class may be borne solely by such Class as determined by the Trustees and a Class may have exclusive voting rights with respect to matters affecting only that Class.

 

4.10.5.12 Fractional Shares. Any fractional Share of any Series or Class thereof shall carry proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole Share of that Series or Class, including rights and obligations with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions, redemption of Shares, and termination of the Trust.

 

Article 5

 

Trustees

 

5.1 Management of the Trust. The business and affairs of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they shall have all powers necessary and desirable to carry out that responsibility, including those specifically set forth in Sections 5.10 and 5.11 herein. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive.

 

5.2 Qualification. Each Trustee shall be a natural person. A Trustee need not be a Shareholder, a citizen of the United States, or a resident of the State of Delaware.

 

5.3 Number. By the vote or consent of a majority of the Trustees then in office, the Trustees may fix the number of Trustees at a number not less than one (1) nor more than twenty-five (25). No decrease in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his or her term, but the number of Trustees may be decreased in conjunction with the removal of a Trustee pursuant to Section 5.7.

 

5.4 Term and Election. Each Trustee shall hold office until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee or of a successor to such Trustee, and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, and any Trustee who is appointed by the Trustees in the interim to fill a vacancy as provided hereunder shall have the same remaining term as that of his or her predecessor, if any, or such term as the Trustees may determine, provided that any Trustee’s term shall end in the event that he or she dies, resigns, has reached any mandatory retirement age as set by the Trustees, is declared bankrupt or incompetent by a court of appropriate jurisdiction or is removed. In the event that less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by the Shareholders, the Trustees then in office shall take such actions as may be necessary under applicable law for the election of Trustees.

 

10
 

 

5.5 Composition of the Board of Trustees. No election or appointment of any Trustee shall take effect if such election or appointment would cause the number of Trustees who are Interested Persons to exceed the number permitted by Section 10 of the 1940 Act.

 

5.6 Resignation and Retirement. Any Trustee may resign or retire as a Trustee (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by such Trustee and delivered or mailed to the Chairman, if any, the President, or the Secretary of the Trust. Such resignation or retirement shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her resignation.

 

5.7 Removal. Any Trustee may be removed with or without cause at any time: (1) by written instrument signed by two-thirds (2/3) of the number of Trustees in office prior to such removal, specifying the date upon which such removal shall become effective, or (2) by the affirmative vote of Shareholders holding not less than two-thirds (2/3) of Shares outstanding, cast in person or by proxy at any meeting called for that purpose. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.

 

5.8 Vacancies. The death, declination to serve, resignation, retirement, removal or incapacity of one or more Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever a vacancy shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided in this Section 5.8, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration of Trust. As conclusive evidence of such vacancy, a written instrument certifying the existence of such vacancy may be executed by an officer of the Trust or by a majority of the Trustees. Any vacancy or anticipated vacancy resulting for any reason, including without limitation the death, declination to serve, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of any of the Trustees, or resulting from an increase in the number of Trustees may (but need not unless required by the 1940 Act) be filled by a majority of the Trustees then in office, subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the 1940 Act, through the appointment in writing of such other person as such remaining Trustees in their discretion shall determine. The appointment shall be effective upon the acceptance of the person named therein to serve as a trustee, except that any such appointment in anticipation of a vacancy occurring by reason of the resignation, retirement, or increase in number of Trustees to be effective at a later date shall become effective only at or after the effective date of such resignation, retirement, or increase in number of Trustees. In the event of the death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of all the then Trustees within a short period of time and without the opportunity for at least one Trustee to be able to appoint additional Trustees to replace those no longer serving, the Trust’s adviser(s) are empowered to appoint new Trustees subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

11
 

 

5.9 Ownership of Assets of the Trust. The assets of the Trust shall be held separate and apart from any assets now or hereafter held in any capacity other than as Trustee hereunder by the Trustees or any successor Trustees. Legal title to all the Trust property shall be vested in the Trust as a separate legal entity under the Delaware Act, except that the Trustees shall have the power to cause legal title to any Trust property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees or in the name of any other Person on behalf of the Trust on such terms as the Trustees may determine. In the event that title to any part of the Trust property is vested in one or more Trustees, the right, title and interest of the Trustees in the Trust property shall vest automatically in each person who may hereafter become a Trustee upon his or her due election and qualification. Upon the resignation, removal or death of a Trustee he or she shall automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. To the extent permitted by law, such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered. No Shareholder shall be deemed to have a severable ownership in any individual asset of the Trust or any right of partition or possession thereof.

 

5.10 Powers. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility and the purpose of the Trust including the power to engage in transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust as described in this Declaration of Trust. The Trustees shall have full power and authority to do any and all acts and to make and execute any and all contracts and instruments that they may consider necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing the Trustees’ powers shall include, but not be limited to, those enumerated in this Section 5.10. In construing the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees. Unless otherwise specified herein or in the Bylaws or required by law, any action by the Trustees shall be deemed effective if approved or taken by a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting of Trustees at which a quorum of Trustees is present, within or without the State of Delaware.

 

5.10.1 Bylaws. The Trustees may adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust providing for the conduct of the business and affairs of the Trust and may amend and repeal them to the extent that such Bylaws do not reserve that right to the Shareholders.

 

5.10.2 Officers, Agents, and Employees. The Trustees may, as they consider appropriate, elect and remove officers and appoint and terminate agents and consultants and hire and terminate employees, any one or more of the foregoing of whom may be a Trustee, and may provide for the compensation of all of the foregoing.

 

5.10.3 Committees. The Trustees may appoint from their own number, and terminate, any one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, including without implied limitation an executive committee, which may, when the Trustees are not in session (but subject to the 1940 Act), exercise some or all of the power and authority of the Trustees as the Trustees may determine.

 

12
 

 

5.10.4 Advisers, Administrators, Depositories, and Custodians. The Trustees may, in accordance with Article 6, employ one or more advisers, administrators, depositories, custodians, and other persons and may authorize any depository or custodian to employ sub custodians or agents and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities and debt instruments or with a Federal Reserve Bank, retain transfer, dividend, accounting or Shareholder servicing agents or any of the foregoing, provide for the issuance and distribution of Shares by the Trust through one or more distributors, principal underwriters or otherwise, and set record dates or times for the determination of Shareholders.

 

5.10.5 Compensation. The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable compensation from the Trust and they may fix the amount of such compensation. The Trustees may compensate or provide for the compensation of the Trustees, officers, advisers, administrators, custodians, other agents, consultants and employees of the Trust or the Trustees on such terms as they deem appropriate.

 

5.10.6 Delegation of Authority. In general, the Trustees may delegate to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any employee, adviser, administrator, distributor, depository, custodian, transfer and dividend disbursing agent, or any other agent or consultant of the Trust such authority, powers, functions and duties as they consider desirable or appropriate for the conduct of the business and affairs of the Trust, including without implied limitation, the power and authority to act in the name of the Trust and of the Trustees, to sign documents and to act as attorney-in-fact for the Trustees.

 

5.10.7 Suspension of Sales. The Trustees shall have the authority to suspend or terminate the sales of Shares of any Series or Class at any time or for such periods as the Trustees may from time to time decide.

 

5.10.8 Redemptions. The Trustees shall have the authority to redeem, repurchase and transfer Shares pursuant to applicable law and as specified herein.

 

5.10.9 Dividends. The Trustees shall have the authority to declare and pay dividends and distributions to Shareholders of each Series from the assets of such Series and as specified herein.

 

5.11 Certain Additional Powers. Without limiting the foregoing and to the extent not inconsistent with the 1940 Act, other applicable law, and the fundamental policies and limitations of the applicable Series or Class, the Trustees shall have power and authority for and on behalf of the Trust and each separate Series and Class as enumerated in this Section 5.11.

 

13
 

 

5.11.1 Investments. The Trustees shall have the power to invest and reinvest cash and other property, to hold cash or other property uninvested, and to subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, own, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute, write options on, lend or otherwise deal in or dispose of contracts for the future acquisition or delivery of fixed income or other securities, and securities of every nature and kind, including, without limitation, all types of bonds, debentures, stocks, negotiable or non-negotiable instruments, obligations, evidences of indebtedness, certificates of deposit or indebtedness, commercial papers, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances, other securities of any kind, issued, created, guaranteed, or sponsored by any and all Persons, including without limitation, states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, any foreign government or any political subdivision of the United States Government or any foreign government, or any international instrumentality, or by any bank or savings institution, or by any corporation or organization organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, territory, or possession thereof, or by any corporation or organization organized under any foreign law, or in “when issued” contracts for any such securities, and in other assets, to change the investments of the assets of the Trust; and to exercise any and all rights, powers, and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers, and privileges in respect of any of said instruments;

 

5.11.2 Disposition of Assets. The Trustees shall have the power to sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write options (including options on future contracts) with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any or all of the assets of the Trust or any Series.

 

5.11.3 Ownership. The Trustees shall have the power to vote, give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership with respect to securities or other property; and to execute and deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such Person or Persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such Person or Persons such power and discretion with relation to securities or other property as the Trustees shall deem proper.

 

5.11.4 Subscription. The Trustees shall have the power to exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities.

 

5.11.5 Payment of Expenses. The Trustees shall have the power to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust, or partly out of the principal and partly out of the income, as they deem fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust or any Series or Class, or in connection with the management thereof, including, but not limited to, the Trustees’ compensation and such expenses and charges for the Trust’s officers, employees, investment advisers, administrator, distributor, principal underwriter, auditor, counsel, depository, custodian, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, accounting agent, shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents, consultants, and independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur, which expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities shall be allocated in accordance with Section 4.10.5.1. The Trustees shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder, or each Shareholder of any particular Series, to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of the Trust’s custodian or transfer agent, Shareholder servicing or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of Shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder.

 

14
 

 

5.11.6 Form of Holding. The Trustees shall have the power to hold any securities or other property in a form not indicating any trust, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in the name of the Trustees or of the Trust or of any Series or Class or in the name of a custodian, sub custodian or other depository or a nominee or nominees or otherwise.

 

5.11.7 Reorganization, Consolidation, or Merger. The Trustees shall have the power to consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer, any security of which is or was held in the Trust, and to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer, and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust.

 

5.11.8 Committees, Depositaries. The Trustees shall have the power to join with other security holders in acting through a committee, depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depositary or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper.

 

5.11.9 Compromise. The Trustees shall have the power to arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or any Series or Class on any matter in controversy, including but not limited to claims for taxes.

 

5.11.10 Partnerships. The Trustees shall have the power to enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other combinations or associations.

 

5.11.11 Borrowing. The Trustees shall have the power to borrow funds or other property in the name of the Trust exclusively for Trust purposes and in connection therewith to issue notes or other evidences of indebtedness; and to mortgage and pledge the assets of the Trust or any Series or any part thereof to secure obligations arising in connection with such borrowing, consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

5.11.12 Guarantees. The Trustees shall have the power to endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations of any Person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof; and to mortgage and pledge the Trust property (or Series property) or any part thereof to secure any of or all such obligations.

 

5.11.13 Insurance. The Trustees shall have the power to purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property such insurance as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business, including, without limitation, insurance policies insuring the assets of the Trust and payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, consultants, investment advisers, managers, administrators, distributors, principal underwriters, or independent contractors, or any thereof (or any person connected therewith), of the Trust individually against all claims and liabilities (including expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid in connection therewith) of every nature arising by reason of holding, being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such Person in any such capacity, including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability.

 

15
 

 

5.11.14 Pensions. The Trustees shall have the power to pay pensions for faithful service, as deemed appropriate by the Trustees, and to adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust.

 

5.11.15 Business. The Trustees shall have the power to operate and carry out the business of an investment company, and exercise all the powers necessary or appropriate to the conduct of such operations.

 

5.11.16 Contracts. The Trustees shall have the power to enter into contracts of any kind and description.

 

5.11.17 Auditors, Counsel. The Trustees shall have the power to employ auditors, counsel or other agents of the Trust, subject to any conditions set forth in this Declaration of Trust or in the Bylaws.

 

5.11.18 Interpretation. The Trustees shall have the power to interpret this Declaration of Trust and the investment policies, practices, or limitations of any Series or Class.

 

5.11.19 Series, Classes. The Trustees shall have the power to establish separate and distinct Series with separately defined investment objectives and policies and distinct investment purposes, and with separate Shares representing beneficial interest in such Series, and to establish separate Class, all in accordance with the provisions of Article 4.

 

5.11.20 Allocations. The Trustees shall have the power, to the full extent permitted by the Delaware Act, to allocate assets, liabilities and expenses of the Trust to a particular Series and Class or to apportion the same between or among two or more Series or Classes, provided that any liabilities or expenses incurred by a particular Series or Class shall be payable solely out of the assets belonging to that Series or Class as provided for in Article 4.

 

5.11.21 Single Investment Company. The Trustees shall have the power to invest all of the assets of the Trust, or any Series or any Class thereof in a single investment company.

 

5.11.22 Lawful Activity. Subject to the 1940 Act, the Trustees shall have the power to engage in any other lawful act or activity in which a statutory trust organized under the Delaware Act may engage.

 

16
 

 

5.12 Vote of Trustees.

 

5.12.1 Quorum. One third of the Trustees then in office being present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum.

 

5.12.2 Required Vote. Except as otherwise provided by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, this Declaration of Trust, or the Bylaws, any action to be taken by the Trustees on behalf of the Trust or any Series or Class may be taken by a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting of Trustees at which a quorum is present, including any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time.

 

5.12.3 Consent in Lieu of a Meeting. Except as otherwise provided by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, the Trustees may, by written consent of a majority of the Trustees then in office, take any action which may have been taken at a meeting of the Trustees.

 

5.13 Freedom of Action. The Trust shall not be limited to investing in obligations maturing before the possible termination of the Trust or one or more of its Series. The Trust shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investment by fiduciaries. The Trust shall not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or take any other action hereunder.

 

5.14 Trustees and Officers as Shareholders. Any Trustee, officer or agent of the Trust may acquire, own and dispose of Shares to the same extent as if he or she were not a Trustee, officer or agent; and the Trustees may issue and sell and cause to be issued and sold Shares to, and redeem such Shares from, any such Person or any firm or company in which such Person is interested, subject only to the general limitations contained herein or in the Bylaws relating to the sale and redemption of such Shares.

 

Article 6

 

Service Providers

 

6.1 Investment Adviser. The Trustees may enter into written contracts with one or more Persons to act as investment adviser or investment subadviser to each of the Series, and as such, to perform such functions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, including, without limitation, investment advisory, management, research, valuation of assets, clerical and administrative functions, under such terms and conditions, and for such compensation, as the Trustees may in their discretion deem advisable.

 

6.2 Underwriter and Transfer Agent. The Trustees may enter into written contracts with one or more Persons to act as underwriter or distributor whereby the Trust may either agree to sell Shares to the other party or parties to the contract or appoint such other party or parties its sales agent or agents for such Shares and with such other provisions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, and the Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into transfer agency and/or shareholder service contract(s), in each case with such terms and conditions, and providing for such compensation, as the Trustees may in their discretion deem advisable.

 

17
 

 

6.3 Custodians. The Trustees may enter into written contracts with one or more Persons to act as custodian to perform such functions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, under such terms and conditions, and for such compensation, as the Trustees may in their discretion deem advisable. Any such custodians shall be banks, trust companies or companies that are members of a national securities exchange or such other entities as the Commission may permit as custodians of the Trust, subject to any conditions set forth in this Declaration of Trust or in the Bylaws.

 

6.4 Administrator. The Trustees may enter into written contracts with one or more Persons to act as an administrator to perform such functions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, under such terms and conditions, and for such compensation, as the Trustees may in their discretion deem advisable.

 

6.5 Other Services. The Trustees may enter into written contracts with one or more Persons to provide such other services to the Trust or one or more of the Series, as the Trustees determine to be in the best interests of the Trust and the applicable Series.

 

6.6 Parties to Contracts. Any contract of the character described in Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 or in Article 8 hereof may be entered into with any corporation, firm, partnership, trust or association, including, without limitation, the investment adviser, any investment subadviser, or any affiliated Person of the investment adviser or investment subadviser, although one or more of the Trustees or officers of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, or may otherwise be interested in such contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor shall any Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or be accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly therefrom; provided, however, that the contract when entered into was not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article 6, Article 8, or the Bylaws. The same Person (including a firm, corporation, partnership, trust or association) may provide more than one of the services identified in this Article 6. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services and payment for such services by the Trust.

 

Article 7

 

Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings

 

7.1 Voting Powers. The Shareholders shall have power to vote only with respect to matters expressly enumerated in Section 7.1.1, 7.1.3 or with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by the 1940 Act, this Declaration of Trust, the Bylaws, any registration of the Trust with the Commission or any state, or as the Trustees may otherwise deem necessary or desirable.

 

18
 

 

7.1.1 Matters Upon Which Shareholders May Vote. The Shareholders shall have power to vote on the following matters:

 

(a) For the election or removal of Trustees as provided in Sections 5.4 and 5.7;

 

(b) With respect to a contract with a third party provider of services as to which Shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act;

 

(c) With respect to a termination or reorganization of the Trust to the extent and as provided in Sections 9.1 and 9.2;

 

(d) With respect to an amendment of this Declaration of Trust to the extent and as may be provided by this Declaration of Trust or applicable law; and

 

(e) With respect to any court action, proceeding or claim brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust, any Series or Class thereof or the Shareholders of the Trust; provided, however, that a Shareholder of a particular Series or Class shall not be entitled to vote upon a derivative or class action on behalf of any other Series or Class or Shareholder of any other Series or Class.

 

7.1.2 Derivative Actions. A Shareholder may bring derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the Shareholder or Shareholders first make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such action is excused. A demand on the Trustees shall only be excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider such action, has a personal financial interest in the action at issue. A Trustee shall not be deemed to have a personal financial interest in an action or otherwise be disqualified from ruling a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration from his service on the Board of Trustees of the Trust or on the boards of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated investment advisor or underwriter.

 

7.1.3 Separate Voting by Series. On any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, all Shares shall be voted separately by individual Series, except (i) when required by the 1940 Act, Shares shall be voted in the aggregate or by Class, and not by individual Series; and (ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one Series, then the Shareholders of all such Series shall be entitled to vote thereon.

 

7.1.4 Number of Votes. On any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, each Shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each dollar, and a fractional vote for each fraction of a dollar, of net asset value standing in such Shareholder’s name on the books of each Series or Class in which such Shareholder owns Shares which are entitled to vote on the matter.

 

7.1.5 Cumulative Voting. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees.

 

7.1.6 Voting of Shares; Proxies. Votes may be cast in person or by proxy. A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving the invalidity of a proxy shall rest on the challenger.

 

19
 

 

7.1.7 Actions Prior to the Issuance of Shares. Until Shares of a Series are issued, the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may take any action required by law, this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws to be taken by Shareholders.

 

7.2 Meetings of Shareholders.

 

7.2.1 Annual or Regular Meetings. No annual or regular meetings of Shareholders are required to be held.

 

7.2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of Shareholders may be called by the President of the Trust or the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon any matter requiring the vote or authority of the Shareholders as herein provided or upon any other matter upon which Shareholder approval is deemed by the Trustees to be necessary or desirable.

 

7.2.3 Notice of Meetings. Written notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing or transmitting such notice at least ten (10) days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time, place and purpose of the meeting, to each Shareholder at the Shareholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Trust.

 

7.3 Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting, or who are entitled to participate in any dividend or distribution, or for the purpose of any other action, the Trustees may from time to time close the transfer books for such period, not exceeding thirty (30) days (except at or in connection with the termination of the Trust), as the Trustees may determine; or without closing the transfer books the Trustees may fix a date and time not more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the date of any meeting of Shareholders or other action as the date and time of record for the determination of Shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting or to be treated as Shareholders of record for purposes of such other action. Any Shareholder who was a Shareholder at the date and time so fixed shall be entitled to vote at such meeting or to be treated as a Shareholder of record for purposes of such other action, even though such Shareholder has since that date and time disposed of its Shares, and no Shareholder becoming such after that date and time shall be so entitled to vote at such meeting or to be treated as a Shareholder of record for purposes of such other action. Nothing in this Section shall be construed as precluding the Trustees from setting different record dates for different Series or Classes.

 

7.4 Quorum and Required Vote. Except as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, this Declaration of Trust, or the Bylaws, one-tenth (1/10) of the Shares entitled to vote in person or by proxy shall be a quorum as to any particular matter; provided, however, that any lesser number shall be sufficient for matters upon which the Shareholders vote at any meeting called in accordance with Section 7.5. Except as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, this Declaration of Trust, or the Bylaws, any matter upon which the Shareholders vote shall be approved by a majority of the votes cast on such matter at a meeting of the Shareholders at which a quorum is present, except that Trustees shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at such a meeting.

 

20
 

 

7.5 Adjournments. If a meeting at which a quorum was present is adjourned, a meeting may be held within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without the necessity of further notice for the purpose of taking action upon any matter that would have been acted upon at the original meeting but for its adjournment.

 

7.6 Actions by Written Consent. Except as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, this Declaration of Trust, or the Bylaws, any action taken by Shareholders may be taken without a meeting if Shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by the 1940 Act or by any express provision of this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws) consent to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.

 

7.7 Inspection of Records. The records of the Trust shall be open to inspection by Shareholders to the same extent as is required for stockholders of a Delaware business corporation under the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

7.8 Additional Provisions. The Bylaws may include further provisions for Shareholders’ votes and meetings and related matters not inconsistent with the provisions hereof.

 

Article 8

 

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification

 

8.1 General Provisions.

 

8.1.1 General Limitation of Liability. No personal liability for any debt or obligation of the Trust shall attach to any Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, a Trustee shall not be responsible for or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, investment adviser, subadviser, principal underwriter or custodian of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible or liable for the act or omission of any other Trustee. Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate, Share or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees, officers, employees or agents of the Trust or any Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, officer, employee or agent and neither such Trustees or Trustee, officer, employee or agent nor the Shareholders shall be personally liable thereon. Subject to Sections 8.2.1 and 8.5, no Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be subject to any personal liability whatsoever in tort, contract or otherwise, to any other Person or Persons in connection with the assets or affairs of the Trust or of any Series, save only that arising from his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office or the discharge of his or her functions. The Trust (or if the matter relates only to a particular Series, that Series) shall be solely liable for any and all debts, claims, demands, judgments, decrees, liabilities or obligations of any and every kind, against or with respect to the Trust or such Series in tort, contract or otherwise in connection with the assets or the affairs of the Trust or such Series, and all Persons dealing with the Trust or any Series shall be deemed to have agreed that resort shall be had solely to the property of the Trust (or if the matter relates only to a particular Series, that of such Series), for the payment or performance thereof.

 

21
 

 

8.1.2 Notice of Limited Liability. At the Trustees’ discretion, any note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or issued by the Trustees or by any officer or officers may give notice that a Certificate of Trust in respect of the Trust is on file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and may recite to the effect that such note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking was executed or made by or on behalf of the Trust by them as Trustees or Trustee or by an officer or officers in such capacity and not individually and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or the Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust or belonging or attributable to a Series or Class thereof, and may contain such further recitals as they or he may deem appropriate, but the omission thereof shall not operate to bind any Trustees or Trustee or officers or officer or Shareholders or Shareholder individually.

 

8.1.3 Liability Limited to Assets of the Trust. All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust shall look only to the assets of the Trust or belonging to a Series or Class thereof, as appropriate, for payment under such credit, contract or claim, and neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.

 

8.2 Liability of Trustees. The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretion hereunder shall be binding upon the Trust, the Shareholders, and any other person dealing with the Trust. The liability of the Trustees, however, shall be limited by this Section 8.2.

 

8.2.1 Liability for Own Actions. A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust or the Shareholders only for his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and for nothing else, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law.

 

8.2.2 Liability for Actions of Others. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, consultant, adviser, administrative distributor, principal underwriter, custodian, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, Shareholder servicing agent, or accounting agent of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for any act or omission of any other Trustee.

 

8.2.3 Advice of Experts and Reports of Others. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust and their duties as Trustees, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such advice. In discharging their duties, the Trustees, when acting in good faith, shall be entitled to rely upon the books of account of the Trust and upon written reports made to the Trustees by any officer appointed by them, any independent public accountant and (with respect to the subject matter of the contract involved) any officer, partner or responsible employee of any other party to any contract entered into hereunder.

 

22
 

 

8.2.4 Bond. Except as provided in Section 8.5.4, the Trustees as such shall not be required to give any bond, nor any surety if a bond is required nor any other security for the performance of their duties.

 

8.2.5 Declaration of Trust Governs Issues of Liability. The provisions of this Declaration of Trust, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities of the Trustees otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Shareholders and all other Persons bound by this Declaration of Trust to replace such other duties and liabilities of the Trustees.

 

8.3 Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees. No person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon its order.

 

8.4 Liability of Shareholders. Without limiting the provisions of this Section 8.4 or the Delaware Act, the Shareholders shall be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations organized for profit under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

8.4.1 Limitation of Liability. No personal liability for any debt or obligation of the Trust shall attach to any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the Trust, and neither the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind any Shareholder personally or to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay by way of subscription for any Shares or otherwise.

 

8.4.2 Indemnification of Shareholders. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the Trust shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of being or having been a Shareholder and not because of such Shareholder’s acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or, in the case of a natural person, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets of the Trust to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability; provided, however, there shall be no liability or obligation of the Trust arising hereunder to reimburse any Shareholder for taxes paid by reason of such Shareholder’s ownership of any Shares or for losses suffered by reason of any changes in value of any Trust assets. The Trust may, upon request by the Shareholder or former Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon.

 

8.5 Indemnification.

 

8.5.1 Indemnification of Covered Persons. Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in Section 8.5.2, every person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, including persons who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers, employees or agents of another organization in which the Trust has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a “Covered Person”), shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with the defense or disposition of any claim, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by virtue of being or having been such a Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof.

 

23
 

 

8.5.2 Exceptions. No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person:

 

(a) For any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders arising out of a final adjudication by the court or other body before which the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office;

 

(b) With respect to any matter as to which the Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust;

 

(c) For any criminal proceeding finally adjudicated for which the Covered Person had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful; or

 

(d) In the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication (as provided in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 8.5.2) and resulting in a payment by a Covered Person, unless there has been either a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition, or a reasonable determination, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that he or she did not engage in such conduct, such determination being made by: (i) a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees (as such term is defined in Section 8.5.5) acting on the matter (provided that a majority of Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter); or (ii) a written opinion of independent legal counsel.

 

8.5.3 Rights of Indemnification. The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, and shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Covered Person, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel other than Covered Persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.

 

24
 

 

8.5.4 Expenses of Indemnification. Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for indemnification under this Section 8.5 shall be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification under this Section 8.5, provided that either:

 

(a) Such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security or the Trust shall be insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or

 

(b) A majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or independent legal counsel in a written opinion shall determine, based upon a review of the readily available facts (as opposed to the facts available upon a full trial), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

 

8.5.5 Certain Defined Terms Relating to Indemnification. As used in this Section 8.5, the following words shall have the meanings set forth below:

 

(a) A “Disinterested Trustee” is one (i) who is not an Interested Person of the Trust (including anyone, as such Disinterested Trustee, who has been exempted from being an Interested Person by any rule, regulation or order of the Commission), and (ii) against whom none of such actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending;

 

(b) “Claim,” “action,” “suit” or “proceeding” shall apply to all claims, actions, suits, proceedings (civil, criminal, administrative or other, including appeals), actual or threatened; and

 

(c) “Liability” and “expenses” shall include without limitation, attorneys’ and accountants’ fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.

 

Article 9

 

Termination or Reorganization

 

9.1 Termination of Trust or Series. Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust and each Series or Class designated and established pursuant to this Declaration of Trust shall continue without limitation of time.

 

9.1.1 Termination. The Trust or any Series or Class (and the establishment and designation thereof) may be terminated either by a majority vote of the Trustees then in office upon a determination that the continuation of the Trust or Series is not in the best interests of the Trust, such Series or Class, or the affected Shareholders as a result of factors or events adversely affecting the ability of the Trust, Series or Class to conduct its business and operations in an economically viable manner; or by the affirmative vote of a majority of the holders of the Trust or the Series entitled to vote.

 

25
 

 

9.1.2 Distribution of Assets. Upon termination of the Trust or any Series or Class, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated, as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall, in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate, reduce the remaining assets of the Trust to distributable form in cash or other securities, or any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders of the Series or Classes involved, ratably according to the number of Shares of such or Class held by the Shareholders of such Series or Class on the date of distribution. Thereupon, the Trust or any affected Series or Class shall terminate and the Trustees and the Trust shall be discharged from any and all further liabilities and duties relating thereto or arising therefrom, and the right, title, and interest of all parties with respect tot he Trust or such Series or Class shall be canceled and discharged.

 

9.1.3 Certificate of Cancellation. Upon termination of the Trust, following completion of winding up of its business, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust to be filed in accordance with the Delaware Act, which certificate of cancellation may be signed by any one Trustee.

 

9.2 Reorganization. The Trustees may sell, convey, merge and transfer the assets of the Trust, or the assets belonging to any one or more Series or Classes, to another trust, partnership, association or corporation organized under the laws of any state of the United States, or to the Trust to be held as assets belonging to another Series or Class of the Trust, in exchange for cash, shares or other securities (including, in the case of a transfer to another Series or Class of the Trust, Shares of such other Series or Classes) with such transfer either (i) being made subject to, or with the assumption by the transferee of, the liabilities belonging to each Series or Class the assets of which are so transferred, or (ii) not being made subject to, or not with the assumption of, such liabilities. Following such transfer, the Trustees shall distribute such cash, Shares or other securities (giving due effect to the assets and liabilities belonging to and any other differences among the various Series or Classes the assets belonging to which have so been transferred) among the Shareholders of the Series or Classes the assets belonging to which have been so transferred. If all of the assets of the Trust have been so transferred, the Trust shall be terminated.

 

9.2.1 Conversion. The Trustees may create one or more business trusts to which all or any part of the assets, liabilities, profits, or losses of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof may be transferred and may provide for the conversion of Shares in the Trust or any Series or Class thereof into beneficial interests in any such newly created trust or trusts or any series or classes thereof.

 

9.3 Merger or Consolidation.

 

9.3.1 Authority to Merge or Consolidate. Pursuant to an agreement of merger or consolidation, the Trust, or any one or more Series or Classes, may merge or consolidate with or into one or more business trusts or other business entities formed or organized or existing under the laws of the State of Delaware or any other state or the United States or any foreign country or other foreign jurisdiction.

 

26
 

 

9.3.2 No Shareholder Approval Required. Any merger or consolidation described in Section 9.3.1 or any reorganization described in Section 9.2, shall not require the vote of the Shareholders affected thereby, unless such vote is required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws, or unless such merger or consolidation would result in an amendment of this Declaration of Trust which would otherwise require the approval of such Shareholders.

 

9.3.3 Subsequent Amendments. In accordance with Section 3815(f) of the Delaware Act, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Declaration of Trust, an agreement of merger or consolidation or exchange may effect any amendment to this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws or effect the adoption of a new declaration of trust or Bylaws of the Trust if the Trust is the surviving or resulting trust.

 

9.3.4 Certificate of Merger or Consolidation. Upon completion of the merger or consolidation, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of merger or consolidation to be filed in accordance with the Delaware Act, which certificate may be signed by any one Trustee.

 

Article 10

 

Miscellaneous Provisions

 

10.1 Signatures. To the extent permitted by applicable law, any instrument signed pursuant to a validly executed power of attorney shall be deemed to have been signed by the Trustee or officer executing the power of attorney. To the extent permitted by law, any Trustee or officer may, in his or her discretion, accept a facsimile signature as evidence of a valid signature on any document.

 

10.2 Certified Copies. The original or a copy of this Declaration of Trust and of each amendment hereto shall be kept in the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer or Trustee of the Trust as to whether or not any such amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder, and with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer or Trustee of the Trust to be a copy of this Declaration of Trust or of any such amendments.

 

10.3 Certain Internal References. In this Declaration of Trust or in any such amendment, references to this Declaration of Trust, and all expressions like “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” shall be deemed to refer to this Declaration of Trust as a whole and as amended or affected by any such amendment.

 

10.4 Headings. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only, and in case of any conflict, the text of this instrument, rather than the headings, shall control. This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original.

 

10.5 Resolution of Ambiguities. The Trustees may construe any of the provisions of this Declaration insofar as the same may appear to be ambiguous or inconsistent with any other provisions hereof, and any such construction hereof by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive as to the meaning to be given to such provisions. In construing this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees.

 

27
 

 

10.6 Amendments.

 

10.6.1 Generally. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein or as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, this Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office.

 

10.6.2 Certificate of Amendment. In the event of any amendment to this Declaration of Trust which affects the Trust’s certificate of trust, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of amendment to be filed in accordance with the Delaware Act, which certificate may be signed by any one Trustee.

 

10.6.3 Prohibited Retrospective Amendments. No amendment of this Declaration of Trust or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the limitation of liability provided to Trustees and officers hereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

 

10.7 Governing Law. This Declaration of Trust is executed and delivered with reference to Delaware Act and the laws of the State of Delaware by all of the Trustees whose signatures appear below, and the rights of all parties and the validity and construction of every provision hereof shall be subject to and construed according to Delaware Act and the laws of the State of Delaware (unless and to the extent otherwise provided for and/or preempted by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal securities laws); provided, however, that there shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees, or this Declaration of Trust (a) the provisions of Section 3540 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code or (b) any provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of Delaware (other than the Delaware Act) pertaining to trusts which are inconsistent with the rights, duties, powers, limitations or liabilities of the Trustees set forth or referenced in this Declaration of Trust. All references to sections of the Delaware Act or the 1940 Act, or any rules or regulations thereunder, refer to such sections, rules, or regulations in effect as of the date of this Declaration of Trust, or any successor sections, rules, or regulations thereto.

 

10.8 Severability. The provisions of this Declaration of Trust are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any such provision is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the Delaware Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Code or with other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of this Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Declaration of Trust or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination. If any provision of this Declaration of Trust shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.

 

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]

 

28
 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the Trustees of the Trust, have executed this Declaration of Trust as of this [  ] day of December, 2017.

 

  /s/ William Rhind
  William Rhind

 

29