EX-99.2 3 d368819dex992.htm EX-99.2 EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2

 

 

LOGO

NUTRIEN LTD.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

AS AT AND FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED

JUNE 30, 2022

 

 


Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) is the responsibility of management and is dated as of August 3, 2022. The Board of Directors (“Board”) of Nutrien carries out its responsibility for review of this disclosure principally through its audit committee, comprised exclusively of independent directors. The audit committee reviews and, prior to its publication, approves this disclosure pursuant to the authority delegated to it by the Board. The term “Nutrien” refers to Nutrien Ltd. and the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “Nutrien” and “the Company” refer to Nutrien and, as applicable, Nutrien and its direct and indirect subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Additional information relating to Nutrien (which, except as otherwise noted, is not incorporated by reference herein), including our annual report dated February 17, 2022 (“2021 Annual Report”), which includes our annual audited consolidated financial statements and MD&A, and our annual information form dated February 17, 2022 (“2021 Annual Information Form”), each for the year ended December 31, 2021, can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. No update is provided to the disclosure in our 2021 annual MD&A except for material information since the date of our annual MD&A. The Company is a foreign private issuer under the rules and regulations of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

This MD&A is based on and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as at and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 (“interim financial statements”) based on International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 “Interim Financial Reporting”, unless otherwise noted. This MD&A contains certain non-IFRS financial measures and ratios and forward-looking statements, which are described in the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and the “Forward-Looking Statements” sections, respectively.

Market Outlook and Guidance

Agriculture and Retail

 

 

Global grain and oilseed stocks-to-use ratios remain well below historical average levels, which we believe will continue to be supportive for crop prices. Prices for key crops such as corn, soybeans and wheat are up 25 to 35 percent compared to the 10-year average, providing strong incentive for growers to increase production.

 

 

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) projects that Ukrainian wheat and corn production will be down by more than 40 percent and combined Ukrainian exports of corn, wheat and barley will be down by approximately 60 percent year-over-year in 2022/23. While diplomatic efforts to restore exports from Ukrainian ports has progressed, the overall reduction in Ukrainian production in 2022 is expected to continue to constrain supplies for the forthcoming year.

 

 

US crop conditions started the 2022 growing season favorably, however, recent hot and dry weather has accelerated crop development and could limit yield potential. In Western Canada, growing conditions have improved from the severe 2021 drought. We expect the combination of robust grower economics and favorable growing conditions to support demand for crop nutritional products, fungicides and insecticides in the third quarter of 2022.

 

 

Prospective Brazilian grower margins remain historically high and analysts expect a 2 to 4 percent increase in soybean planted area in the 2022 planting season. While we expect this to support overall crop input demand, fertilizer inventories have been slow to move from port to inland positions and we expect import demand will resurface as these inventories move inland for Brazil’s spring planting season in the second half of 2022.

 

2


Crop Nutrient Markets

 

 

Restricted supplies of potash from Russia and Belarus kept potash prices at historically high levels through the first half of 2022. Potash shipments from Russia and Belarus were estimated to be down approximately 25 and 50 percent respectively in the first half of 2022, with the majority of Belarus exports occurring in the first quarter. We have narrowed our global potash shipment forecast to between 61 and 64 million tonnes in 2022 and continue to expect demand to be constrained by restrictions on exports from Russia and Belarus.

 

 

A dramatic increase in European natural gas prices has once again led to reduced nitrogen operating rates in the region. Tightening European ammonia supplies and significantly reduced Russian ammonia exports from the Black Sea are pressuring global ammonia availability. We expect strong seasonal nitrogen demand in the second half of 2022 following a period of delayed purchases due to benchmark price volatility.

 

 

The Chinese government continues to impose export restrictions on urea and phosphate fertilizers that are expected to limit its export volumes in the second half of 2022.

Financial Guidance

 

 

Nutrien revised full-year 2022 adjusted EBITDA guidance1 and full-year 2022 adjusted net earnings per share guidance1 primarily due to lower expected Nitrogen earnings as a result of lower nitrogen benchmark pricing and higher natural gas costs. Retail adjusted EBITDA guidance was increased to reflect strong performance in the second quarter. Adjusted net earnings per share guidance includes our plans to allocate approximately $5 billion to share repurchases in 2022.

 

 

Nutrien lowered potash and nitrogen sales volume guidance to reflect the impact of lower application in North America this spring.

All guidance numbers, including those noted above are outlined in the table below. Refer to page 53 of Nutrien’s 2021 Annual Report for related assumptions and sensitivities.

 

                                                                           
    Guidance Ranges1 as of  
    Aug. 3, 2022     May 2, 2022  
  (billions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Low        High        Low        High     

  Adjusted net earnings per share 2

    15.80       17.80       16.20       18.70  

  Adjusted EBITDA 2

    14.0       15.5       14.5       16.5  

  Retail adjusted EBITDA

    2.1       2.2       1.8       1.9  

  Potash adjusted EBITDA

    7.6       8.2       7.5       8.3  

  Nitrogen adjusted EBITDA

    4.0       4.7       5.0       5.8  

  Phosphate adjusted EBITDA (in US millions)

    750       850       800       900  

  Potash sales tonnes (millions) 3

    14.3       14.9       14.5       15.1  

  Nitrogen sales tonnes (millions) 3

    10.6       11.0       10.7       11.1  

  Depreciation and amortization

    2.0       2.1       2.0       2.1  

  Effective tax rate on adjusted earnings (%)

    25.5       26.5       25.5       26.5  

  Sustaining capital expenditures 4

    1.3       14       1.2       1.3  

  1  See the “Forward-Looking Statements” section.

  2  These are non-IFRS financial measures. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section.

  3  Manufactured product only. Nitrogen sales tonnes excludes ESN® products.

  4  This is a supplementary financial measure. See the “Other Financial Measures” section.

 

3


Consolidated Results

 

        Three Months Ended June 30             Six Months Ended June 30      

(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

                  2022                  2021          % Change                  2022                   2021          % Change  

Sales

    14,506       9,763       49       22,163       14,421       54  

Freight, transportation and distribution

    221       222       -       424       433       (2

Cost of goods sold

    8,286       6,659       24       12,483       9,950       25  

Gross margin

    5,999       2,882       108       9,256       4,038       129  

Expenses

    1,054       1,263       (17     2,312       2,141       8  

Net earnings

    3,601       1,113       224       4,986       1,246       300  

Adjusted EBITDA 1

    4,993       2,215       125       7,608       3,021       152  

Diluted net earnings per share

    6.51       1.94       236       8.99       2.16       316  

Adjusted net earnings per share 1

    5.85       2.08       181       8.53       2.37       260  

Cash provided by operating activities                            

    2,558       1,966       30       2,496       1,814       38  

Free cash flow 1

    3,413       1,413       142       5,227       1,889       177  

Free cash flow including changes in non-cash operating working capital 1

    2,302       1,662       39       2,046       1,346       52  

 1  These are non-IFRS financial measures. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section.

Net earnings and adjusted EBITDA more than doubled in the second quarter and first half of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. This was due to higher net realized selling prices from global supply uncertainties across our nutrient businesses and strong Retail performance. In the second quarter of 2022, we recorded a non-cash impairment reversal of $450 million related to our Phosphate operations which impacted net earnings. Cash provided by operating activities increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 due primarily to higher net earnings.

Segment Results

Our discussion of segment results set out on the following pages is a comparison of the results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 to the results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, unless otherwise noted.

 

4


 Nutrien Ag Solutions (“Retail”)

 

    Three Months Ended June 30  
 (millions of US dollars, except   Dollars           Gross Margin           Gross Margin (%)  
     as otherwise noted)           2022     2021     % Change                   2022     2021     % Change           2022     2021  

 Sales

                   

Crop nutrients

    4,548       3,045       49         911       703       30         20       23  

Crop protection products

    2,983       2,666       12         805       587       37         27       22  

Seed

    1,269       1,216       4         283       237       19         22       19  

Merchandise

    280       268       4         51       45       13         18       17  

Nutrien Financial

    91       59       54         91       59       54         100       100  

Services and other 1

    310       320       (3       258       264       (2       83       83  

Nutrien Financial elimination 1, 2

    (59     (37     59         (59     (37     59         100       100  
    9,422       7,537       25         2,340       1,858       26         25       25  

 Cost of goods sold

    7,082       5,679       25                

 Gross margin

    2,340       1,858       26                

 Expenses 3

    1,088       938       16                

 Earnings before finance costs and taxes (“EBIT”)

    1,252       920       36                

 Depreciation and amortization

    175       169       4                

 EBITDA

    1,427       1,089       31                

 Adjustments 4

    -       8       (100              

 Adjusted EBITDA

    1,427       1,097       30                                                          

 1  Certain immaterial figures have been reclassified for the three months ended June 30, 2021.

   

 2  Represents elimination for the interest and service fees charged by Nutrien Financial to Retail branches.

   

 3  Includes selling expenses of $1,013 million (2021 – $863 million).

   

 4  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

   

    Six Months Ended June 30  
 (millions of US dollars, except   Dollars           Gross Margin           Gross Margin (%)  
     as otherwise noted)   2022     2021     % Change           2022     2021     % Change           2022     2021  

 Sales

                   

Crop nutrients

    6,135       4,061       51         1,203       923       30         20       23  

Crop protection products

    4,370       3,751       17         1,087       763       42         25       20  

Seed

    1,727       1,679       3         349       306       14         20       18  

Merchandise

    514       498       3         92       83       11         18       17  

Nutrien Financial

    140       84       67         140       84       67         100       100  

Services and other 1

    485       485       -         402       400       1         83       82  

Nutrien Financial elimination 1

    (88     (49     80         (88     (49     80         100       100  
    13,283       10,509       26         3,185       2,510       27         24       24  

 Cost of goods sold

    10,098       7,999       26                

 Gross margin

    3,185       2,510       27                

 Expenses 2

    1,843       1,659       11                

 EBIT

    1,342       851       58                

 Depreciation and amortization

    344       346       (1              

 EBITDA

    1,686       1,197       41                

 Adjustments 3

    (19     9       n/m                

 Adjusted EBITDA

    1,667       1,206       38                                                          

 1  Certain immaterial figures have been reclassified for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

   

 2  Includes selling expenses of $1,735 million (2021 – $1,530 million).

   

 3  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

   

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher sales and gross margins across nearly all product categories and regions where we operate. This was supported by strong agriculture fundamentals, higher selling prices and growth in proprietary products sales. Retail cash operating coverage ratio1 improved as at June 30, 2022 to 54 percent from 60 percent in the same period in 2021 due to significantly higher gross margin.

 

 

Crop nutrients sales and gross margin increased significantly in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher selling prices. Gross margin per tonne increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 compared to the same periods in the prior year due to strategic procurement and the timing of inventory purchases. Sales volumes decreased due to a pull forward of sales into the fourth quarter of 2021 and reduced application resulting from a delayed planting season in North America.

1. These (and any related guidance, if applicable) are non-IFRS financial measures. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section for further information.

 

5


 

Crop protection products sales and gross margin increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 in all regions we operate due to higher prices, along with increased sales and gross margin in proprietary products. Gross margin percent increased by 5 percentage points in the second quarter and first half of 2022, supported by the reliability of our supply chain and strategic procurement in a rising price environment.

 

 

Seed sales and gross margin increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher pricing, an increase in proprietary seed margins and strong demand in Australia.

 

 

Merchandise sales increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 primarily driven by favorable market conditions for Australia animal health products, with increased flock and herd sizes along with higher fencing sales.

 

 

Nutrien Financial sales increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher utilization and adoption of our programs and a higher interest-bearing trade receivable balance, driven by strong commodity pricing.

 

 

Services and other sales decreased in the second quarter due to lower fertilizer application services, and held flat through the first half of 2022, due to favorable weather conditions in Australia in the first quarter.

 

 Potash

 

    Three Months Ended June 30  
  (millions of US dollars, except       Dollars           Tonnes (thousands)           Average per Tonne  
     as otherwise noted)         2022           2021      % Change                 2022         2021      % Change                 2022           2021      % Change  

Manufactured product

                        

Net sales

                        

North America

    680       326        109       933     1,172        (20       729       278        162  

Offshore

    1,988       491        305       2,776     2,449        13         716       200        258  
    2,668       817        227       3,709     3,621        2         719       226        218  

Cost of goods sold

    399       317        26                  107       88        22  

Gross margin - total

    2,269       500        354             612       138        343  

Expenses 1

    372       123        202      

Depreciation and amortization

 

            35       32        9  

EBIT

    1,897       377        403       Gross margin excluding depreciation

 

        

Depreciation and amortization

    130       116        12      

and amortization - manufactured  3

 

            647       170        281  

EBITDA

    2,027       493        311       Potash controllable cash cost of

 

        

Adjustments 2

    -       2        (100    

product manufactured 3

 

            52       50        4  

Adjusted EBITDA

    2,027       495        309                                                 

 1  Includes provincial mining taxes of $362 million (2021 – $107 million).

 2  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

 3  These are non-IFRS financial measures. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section.

 

    Six Months Ended June 30  
  (millions of US dollars, except       Dollars           Tonnes (thousands)           Average per Tonne  
     as otherwise noted)         2022           2021      % Change                 2022         2021      % Change                 2022           2021      % Change  

Manufactured product

                        

Net sales

                        

North America

    1,513       658        130       2,151     2,642        (19       703       249        182  

Offshore

    3,005       770        290       4,601     4,136        11         653       186        251  
    4,518       1,428        216       6,752     6,778        -         669       211        217  

Cost of goods sold

    704       608        16                  104       90        16  

Gross margin - total

    3,814       820        365             565       121        367  

Expenses 1

    623       187        233      

Depreciation and amortization

 

            36       35        1  

EBIT

    3,191       633        404       Gross margin excluding depreciation

 

        

Depreciation and amortization

    242       240        1      

and amortization - manufactured

 

            601       156        284  

EBITDA

    3,433       873        293       Potash controllable cash cost of

 

        

Adjustments 2

    -       2        (100    

product manufactured

 

            51       50        2  

Adjusted EBITDA

    3,433       875        292                                                 

 1  Includes provincial mining taxes of $611 million (2021 – $165 million).

 2  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher net realized selling prices and strong offshore sales volumes, which more than offset lower North American sales volumes, higher royalties and provincial mining taxes.

 

 

Sales volumes were the highest of any second quarter on record due to strong demand in offshore markets. North American sales volumes were impacted by delayed planting and a compressed application window.

 

6


 

Net realized selling price increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to the impact of supply constraints, in particular related to uncertainty on future supply from Russia and Belarus.

 

 

Cost of goods sold per tonne increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 primarily due to higher royalties resulting from increased net realized selling prices. Potash controllable cash cost of product manufactured increased slightly in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher input costs driven by inflation.

Canpotex Sales by Market

 

        Three Months Ended June 30         Six Months Ended June 30  

(percentage of sales volumes, except as otherwise noted)

              2022                 2021             Change                 2022             2021             Change  

Latin America

    40       35       5       36       33       3  

Other Asian markets 1

    28       41       (13     35       39       (4

China

    12       11       1       12       12       -  

Other markets

    11       10       1       11       11       -  

India

    9       3       6       6       5       1  
      100       100               100       100          

 1  All Asian markets except China and India.

 

 Nitrogen

 

    Three Months Ended June 30  
  (millions of US dollars, except   Dollars           Tonnes (thousands)           Average per Tonne   
     as otherwise noted)         2022           2021      % Change                 2022         2021      % Change                 2022           2021      % Change  

Manufactured product

                        

Net sales

                        

Ammonia

    743       346        115       643     836        (23       1,157       416        178  

Urea

    601       346        74       810     819        (1       742       421        76  

Solutions, nitrates and sulfates

    536       290        85       1,142     1,311        (13       469       221        112  
    1,880       982        91       2,595     2,966        (13       724       331        119  

Cost of goods sold

    839       597        41                  323       201        61  

Gross margin - manufactured

    1,041       385        170             401       130        208  

Gross margin - other 1

    17       31        (45     Depreciation and amortization

 

            54       52        2  

Gross margin - total

    1,058       416        154       Gross margin excluding depreciation

        

(Income) expenses

    (43     17        n/m      

and amortization - manufactured 3

 

            455       182        149  

EBIT

    1,101       399        176       Ammonia controllable cash cost of

 

        

Depreciation and amortization

    139       155        (10    

product manufactured 3

 

            58       51        14  

EBITDA

    1,240       554        124               

Adjustments 2

    -       1        (100             

Adjusted EBITDA

    1,240       555        123                                                 

 1  Includes other nitrogen (including ESN®) and purchased products and comprises net sales of $349 million (2021 – $197 million) less cost of goods sold of $332 million (2021 – $166 million).

 2  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

 3  These are non-IFRS financial measures. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section.

 

7


    Six Months Ended June 30  
  (millions of US dollars, except   Dollars           Tonnes (thousands)           Average per Tonne   
     as otherwise noted)         2022           2021      % Change                 2022         2021      % Change                 2022           2021      % Change  

Manufactured product

                        

Net sales

                        

Ammonia

    1,303       506        158       1,238     1,408        (12       1,052       360        192  

Urea

    1,064       595        79       1,401     1,576        (11       760       377        102  

Solutions, nitrates and sulfates

    975       454        115       2,221     2,385        (7       439       190        131  
    3,342       1,555        115       4,860     5,369        (9       688       290        137  

Cost of goods sold

    1,479       1,037        43                  305       194        57  

Gross margin - manufactured

    1,863       518        260             383       96        299  

Gross margin - other 1

    55       48        15       Depreciation and amortization

 

            54       53        2  

Gross margin - total

    1,918       566        239       Gross margin excluding depreciation

 

        

Income

    (55     -        -      

and amortization - manufactured

 

            437       149        193  

EBIT

    1,973       566        249       Ammonia controllable cash cost of

 

        

Depreciation and amortization

    262       284        (8    

product manufactured

 

            57       51        12  

EBITDA

    2,235       850        163               

Adjustments 2

    -       5        (100             

Adjusted EBITDA

    2,235       855        161                                                 

 1  Includes other nitrogen (including ESN®) and purchased products and comprises net sales of $628 million (2021 – $384 million) less cost of goods sold of $573 million (2021 – $336 million).

 2  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 primarily due to higher net realized selling prices and higher earnings from equity-accounted investees, which more than offset higher natural gas costs and lower sales volumes.

 

 

Sales volumes decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to unplanned plant outages that impacted ammonia and urea production, along with a cool and wet spring in North America that condensed the application window for direct application of ammonia and delayed application of other nitrogen products.

 

 

Net realized selling price in the second quarter and first half of 2022 were higher due to strong benchmark prices resulting from the strength in global demand and tight supply, along with higher energy prices in key nitrogen exporting regions.

 

 

Cost of goods sold per tonne in the second quarter and first half of 2022 increased primarily due to higher natural gas costs and higher raw material costs.

Natural Gas Prices in Cost of Production

 

    Three Months Ended June 30     Six Months Ended June 30  

(US dollars per MMBtu, except as otherwise noted)

              2022                 2021             % Change                 2022                 2021                 % Change  

Overall gas cost excluding realized derivative impact

    8.54       3.86       121       7.72       3.51       120  

Realized derivative impact

    (0.06     0.03       n/m       (0.04     0.03       n/m  

Overall gas cost

    8.48       3.89       118       7.68       3.54       117  

Average NYMEX

    7.17       2.83       153       6.06       2.76       120  

Average AECO

    4.95       2.32       113       4.28       2.31       85  

 

 

Natural gas prices in our cost of production increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 as a result of higher North American gas index prices and increased gas costs in Trinidad, where our gas prices are linked to ammonia benchmark prices.

 

8


 Phosphate

 

    Three Months Ended June 30  
  (millions of US dollars, except   Dollars           Tonnes (thousands)           Average per Tonne   
     as otherwise noted)         2022           2021      % Change                 2022         2021      % Change                 2022           2021      % Change  

Manufactured product

                        

Net sales

                        

Fertilizer

    325       232        40       366     394        (7       888       588        51  

Industrial and feed

    189       119        59       190     192        (1       996       621        60  
    514       351        46       556     586        (5       925       598        55  

Cost of goods sold

        352           271        30                  634       463        37  

Gross margin - manufactured

    162       80        103             291       135        116  

Gross margin - other 1

    (6     4        n/m       Depreciation and amortization

 

            74       60        23  

Gross margin - total

    156       84        86       Gross margin excluding depreciation

 

        

(Income) expenses

    (437     7        n/m      

  and amortization -manufactured  3

 

            365       195        87  

EBIT

    593       77        670               

Depreciation and amortization

    41       35        17               

EBITDA

    634       112        466               

Adjustments 2

    (450     -        n/m               

Adjusted EBITDA

    184       112        64                                                 

 1  Includes other phosphate and purchased products and comprises net sales of $76 million (2021 – $52 million) less cost of goods sold of $82 million (2021 – $48 million).

 2  See Notes 2 and 3 to the interim financial statements. Includes impairment reversal of assets of $450 million (2021 – nil).

 3  This is a non-IFRS financial measure. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section.

 

    Six Months Ended June 30  
  (millions of US dollars, except   Dollars           Tonnes (thousands)           Average per Tonne   
     as otherwise noted)         2022           2021      % Change                 2022         2021      % Change                 2022           2021      % Change  

Manufactured product

                        

Net sales

                        

Fertilizer

    718       462        55       826     903        (9       869       511        70  

Industrial and feed

    359       233        54       381     385        (1       943       605        56  
        1,077           695        55       1,207     1,288        (6       892       539        65  

Cost of goods sold

    712       553        29                  589       429        37  

Gross margin - manufactured

    365       142        157             303       110        175  

Gross margin - other 1

    (2     8        n/m       Depreciation and amortization

 

            68       57        20  

Gross margin - total

    363       150        142       Gross margin excluding depreciation

 

        

(Income) expenses

    (428     14        n/m      

  and amortization - manufactured

 

            371       167        123  

EBIT

    791       136        482               

Depreciation and amortization

    82       73        12               

EBITDA

    873       209        318               

Adjustments 2

    (450     -        n/m               

Adjusted EBITDA

    423       209        102                                                 

 1  Includes other phosphate and purchased products and comprises net sales of $148 million (2021 – $93 million) less cost of goods sold of $150 million (2021 – $85 million).

 2  See Notes 2 and 3 to the interim financial statements. Includes impairment reversal of assets of $450 million (2021 – nil).

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 due to higher net realized selling prices, which more than offset higher raw material costs and lower sales volumes. As part of expenses, we recognized a $450 million non-cash impairment of assets reversal, which is deducted from adjusted EBITDA. This impairment reversal is due to a more favorable outlook for phosphate margins.

 

 

Sales volumes decreased particularly in fertilizer, as a cool and wet spring in North America condensed the application window.

 

 

Net realized selling price increased in the second quarter and first half of 2022 in connection with the increase in global benchmark prices. Industrial and feed net realized selling prices increased to a greater extent than fertilizer prices in the second quarter of 2022, which reflects the typical lag in industrial and feed price realizations relative to spot fertilizer prices.

 

 

Cost of goods sold per tonne increased primarily due to significantly higher sulfur and ammonia input costs.

 

9


 Corporate and Others

 

        Three Months Ended June 30         Six Months Ended June 30  

(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

              2022                 2021         % Change                 2022                 2021         % Change  

Selling expenses

    (2     (9     (78     (4     (15     (73

General and administrative expenses

    77       66       17       147       124       19  

Share-based compensation (recovery) expense

    (52     38       n/m       83       61       36  

Other expenses

    48       83       (42     101       111       (9

EBIT

    (71     (178     (60     (327     (281     16  

Depreciation and amortization

    20       10       100       36       22       64  

EBITDA

    (51     (168     (70     (291     (259     12  

Adjustments 1

    (7     100       n/m       167       143       17  

Adjusted EBITDA

    (58     (68     (15     (124     (116     7  

1  See Note 2 to the interim financial statements.

 

   

Share-based compensation (recovery) expense – the recovery in the second quarter of 2022 reflects a decrease in the fair value of share-based compensation due to a decrease in our share price, whereas an expense was recorded in the second quarter of 2021 as our share price increased during the period.

 

   

Other expenses were lower in the second quarter and first half of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 due to the absence of cloud computing related expenses from our change in accounting policy, partially offset by higher foreign exchange losses related to our international operations.

 

 Eliminations

Eliminations of gross margin between operating segments was a recovery of $176 million in the second quarter of 2022 compared to a recovery of $24 million in the same period of 2021. We had a significant recovery in the second quarter of 2022 due to the release of higher-margin inventories held by our Retail segment at the end of the previous quarter. Eliminations are not part of the Corporate and Others segment.

Finance Costs, Income Taxes and Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

 

    Three Months Ended June 30     Six Months Ended June 30  

millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

                2022                   2021           % Change                   2022                   2021           % Change  

Finance costs

    130       125       4       239       245       (2

Income tax expense

    1,214       381       219       1,719       406       323  

Other comprehensive (loss) income

    (242     61       n/m       (66     85       n/m  

 

   

Income tax expense was higher as a result of significantly higher earnings in the second quarter and first half of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021.

 

   

Other comprehensive (loss) income is primarily driven by changes in the currency translation of our foreign operations and our investment in Sinofert Holdings Ltd. (“Sinofert”). In the second quarter and first half of 2022, we had fair value losses on our investment in Sinofert due to share price decreases compared to fair value gains due to share price increases in the same periods of 2021. In the second quarter of 2022, we also had a significant loss on foreign currency translation of our Retail operations in Australia, Brazil and Canada as these currencies depreciated relative to the US dollar as at June 30, 2022 compared to March 31, 2022 levels. These losses offset the gains on translation for all three currencies in the first quarter of 2022. Whereas, we had a foreign currency translation gain in the second quarter of 2021 and net loss in the second half of 2021.

 

10


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

We continued to manage our capital in accordance with our capital allocation strategy. We believe that our internally generated cash flow, supplemented by available borrowings under our new or existing financing sources, if necessary, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated capital expenditures, planned growth and development activities, and other cash requirements for the foreseeable future. Refer to the “Capital Structure and Management” section for details on our existing long-term debt and credit facilities.

Sources and Uses of Cash

 

(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)    Three Months Ended June 30   Six Months Ended June 30  
                 2022                   2021           % Change                   2022                   2021           % Change  

Cash provided by operating activities

     2,558       1,966       30       2,496       1,814       38  

Cash used in investing activities

     (517     (431     20       (974     (819     19  

Cash used in financing activities

     (1,878     (449     318       (1,290     (640     102  

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     (29     (4     625       (20     (15     33  

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

     134       1,082       (88     212       340       (38

 

   
Cash provided by
operating activities
  

 Higher cash provided by operating activities in the second quarter and first half of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 due to higher earnings driven by higher crop input prices from tight global supply, offset with seasonal working capital requirements.

   
Cash used in
investing activities
  

 Cash used in investing activities in the second quarter and first half of 2022 was higher compared to the same periods in 2021 due to higher spending in Potash to increase our production capabilities and in Nitrogen to advance our brownfield expansions, and the timing of supplier payments.

   
Cash used in
financing activities
  

 Cash used in financing activities in the second quarter of 2022 was higher compared to the same period in 2021 due to increased share repurchases and higher repayments of commercial paper.

 

 Cash used in financing activities in the first half of 2022 was higher compared to the same period in 2021 due to increased share repurchases, partially offset with increased commercial paper drawdowns to temporarily finance working capital requirements.

Financial Condition Review

The following balance sheet categories contained variances that were considered material:

 

    As at              

(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

    June 30, 2022       December 31, 2021       $ Change       % Change  

Assets

       

Cash and cash equivalents

    711       499       212       42  

Receivables

    10,171       5,366       4,805       90  

Inventories

    7,160       6,328       832       13  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    615       1,653       (1,038     (63

Property, plant and equipment

    20,492       20,016       476       2  

Liabilities and Equity

       

Short-term debt

    2,403       1,560       843       54  

Current portion of long-term debt

    1,028       545       483       89  

Payables and accrued charges

    11,682       10,052       1,630       16  

Long-term debt

    7,056       7,521       (465     (6

Share capital

    15,115       15,457       (342     (2

Retained earnings

    11,563       8,192       3,371       41  

 

   

Explanations for changes in Cash and cash equivalents are in the “Sources and Uses of Cash” section.

 

   

Receivables increased due to higher sales across all of our segments as a result of higher crop nutrient net realized selling prices consistent with higher benchmark pricing, as well as higher Retail vendor rebates receivables.

 

11


   

Inventories increased due to seasonal Retail inventory build-up in North America and higher costs to produce or purchase inventory due to inflation and tight global supply. The increase was partly offset by a decrease in Retail seed inventory driven by seasonality.

 

   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets decreased due to the drawdown of prepaid inventory (primarily seed and crop protection products) during the North American planting and application spring season.

 

   

Property, plant and equipment increased due to an impairment reversal related to our Aurora cash generating unit in the Phosphate segment.

 

   

Short-term debt increased due to additional commercial paper issuances as part of our seasonal working capital management.

 

   

Payables and accrued charges increased due to a shift in timing of supplier payments, higher input costs from inflation and tight global supply and higher inventory purchases, which were partly offset by lower customer prepayments in North America as Retail customers took delivery of prepaid sales.

 

   

Long-term debt decreased due to a reclassification to the current portion of long-term debt of our $500 million notes maturing May 2023.

 

   

Share capital decreased from shares repurchased under our normal course issuer bids partially offset by exercise of stock options.

 

   

Retained earnings increased as net earnings in the first half of 2022 exceeded dividends declared and share repurchases.

Capital Structure and Management

Principal Debt Instruments

As part of the normal course of business, we closely monitor our liquidity position. We use a combination of cash generated from operations and short-term and long-term debt to finance our operations. We were in compliance with our debt covenants and did not have any changes to our credit ratings in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

 

 

 

 

  As at June 30, 2022  
                Outstanding and Committed  
(millions of US dollars)   Rate of Interest (%)     Total Facility Limit     Short-Term Debt     Long-Term Debt  

Credit facilities

       

Unsecured revolving term credit facility

    n/a       4,500       -       -  

Uncommitted revolving demand facility

    n/a       1,000       -       -  

Other credit facilities

      770      

South American

    1.4 - 16.3         140       160  

Other

    1.6 - 4.0         17       3  

Commercial paper

    1.4 - 2.5         2,105       -  

Other short-term debt

    n/a         141       -  
         

Total

   

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

    2,403       163  

We also have a commercial paper program, which is limited to the availability of backup funds under the $4,500 million unsecured revolving term credit facility and excess cash invested in highly liquid securities.

Subsequent to June 30, 2022, and in addition to the $500 million increase in our uncommitted revolving demand facility during the second quarter of 2022, we entered into $2 billion in new non-revolving term credit facilities, all with the same principal covenants and events of default as our existing revolving term credit facilities. These new facilities are temporary to help manage normal seasonal working capital swings and are intended to be closed before year-end. As of August 2, 2022, we had approximately $3.0 billion drawn on our credit facilities and a commercial paper balance of approximately $2.1 billion.

Our long-term debt consists primarily of notes. See the “Capital Structure and Management” section of our 2021 Annual Report for information on balances, rates and maturities for our notes.

 

12


Outstanding Share Data

 

 

 

 

 

   As at August 2, 2022  

Common shares

     538,926,006  

Options to purchase common shares

     3,933,487  

For more information on our capital structure and management, see Note 24 to our 2021 annual financial statements.

On June 7, 2022, the Financial and Consumer Affairs Authority of Saskatchewan and the Ontario Securities Commission granted Nutrien exemptive relief to allow the purchase of up to 10 percent of its “public float” of common shares through the facilities of the New York Stock Exchange and other US-based trading systems as part of Nutrien’s current normal course issuer bid. Absent this exemptive relief, Nutrien’s purchases under the normal course issuer bid on markets other than the TSX would be limited to not more than 5 percent of its outstanding common shares over any twelve-month period. The exemptive relief is effective until June 7, 2023 and is conditional upon purchases being made in compliance with applicable US rules and National Instrument 23-101- Trading Rules in Canada, and at a price not higher than the market price at the time of purchase. The aggregate number of common shares purchased by Nutrien over any exchange or market may not exceed 10 percent of the public float as specified in Nutrien’s normal course issuer bid application approved by the TSX and announced on February 25, 2022.

Quarterly Results

 

  (millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)    Q2 2022      Q1 2022      Q4 2021      Q3 2021      Q2 2021      Q1 2021      Q4 2020      Q3 2020  

Sales 1

     14,506        7,657        7,267        6,024        9,763        4,658        4,052        4,227  

Net earnings (loss)

     3,601        1,385        1,207        726        1,113        133        316        (587

Net earnings (loss) attributable to equity holders of Nutrien

     3,593        1,378        1,201        717        1,108        127        316        (587

Net earnings (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of Nutrien

                       

Basic

     6.53        2.49        2.11        1.26        1.94        0.22        0.55        (1.03

Diluted

     6.51        2.49        2.11        1.25        1.94        0.22        0.55        (1.03

1  Certain immaterial figures have been reclassified in the third quarter of 2020.

 

Seasonality in our business results from increased demand for products during the planting season. Crop input sales are generally higher in the spring and fall application seasons. Crop input inventories are normally accumulated leading up to each application season. Our cash collections generally occur after the application season is complete, while customer prepayments made to us are concentrated in December and January and inventory prepayments paid to our suppliers are typically concentrated in the period from November to January. Feed and industrial sales are more evenly distributed throughout the year.

Our earnings are significantly affected by fertilizer benchmark prices, which have been volatile over the last two years and are affected by demand-supply conditions, grower affordability and weather.

In the second quarter of 2022, earnings were impacted by a $450 million non-cash impairment reversal of property, plant and equipment in the Phosphate segment related to higher forecasted global prices and a more favorable outlook for phosphate margins. In the fourth quarter of 2021, earnings were impacted by a $142 million loss resulting from the early extinguishment of long-term debt. In the fourth quarter of 2020, earnings were impacted by a $250 million net gain on disposal of our investment in Misr Fertilizers Production Company S.A.E.. In the third quarter of 2020, earnings were impacted by an $823 million non-cash impairment of assets primarily in the Phosphate segment as a result of lower long-term forecasted global phosphate prices.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report. We have discussed the development, selection and application of our key accounting policies, and the critical accounting estimates and assumptions they involve, with the audit committee of the Board. Our critical accounting estimates are discussed on page 49 of our 2021 Annual Report. Other than the critical accounting estimates discussed below, there were no material changes in the three or six months ended June 30, 2022 to our critical accounting estimates.

 

13


Impairment of Assets

Long-Lived Asset Impairment and Reversals

In the three months ended June 30, 2022, we revised our pricing forecasts to reflect the current macroeconomic environment. This resulted in a review of our previously impaired Phosphate cash-generating units (“CGUs”). In 2020 we recorded an impairment of assets relating to our property, plant and equipment of $545 million at our Aurora CGU, as a result of lower long-term forecasted global phosphate prices. Due to increases in our forecast during the three months ended June 30, 2022, the recoverable amount of our Aurora CGU is above its carrying amount. As a result, we recorded an impairment reversal of $450 million in the statement of earnings relating to property, plant and equipment. Refer to Note 3 to the interim financial statements.

The recoverable amount estimate is most sensitive to the following key assumptions: our internal sales and input price forecasts, which consider projections from independent third-party data sources, discount rate, and expected mine life. We used key assumptions that were based on historical data and estimates of future results from internal sources, external price benchmarks, and mineral reserve technical reports, as well as industry and market trends. For our Aurora CGU, there were no reasonably possible changes in key assumptions that would result in a substantial change in the reversal amount.

In 2017 and 2020, we recorded an impairment of assets at our White Springs CGU relating to property, plant and equipment of $250 million and $215 million respectively. The White Springs CGU has a shorter expected mine life and is therefore more sensitive to changes in short and medium-term pricing forecasts. We are continuously monitoring our key assumptions for changes that could have an impact on the recoverable amount including our internal sales and input price forecasts. Changes in these key assumptions could result in impairment reversals in future periods. The maximum impairment reversal that could result at our White Springs CGU is $340 million (full reversal, net of depreciation).

Goodwill Impairment

Operating segments have assets allocated to them that must be assessed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate there could be an impairment, or at least annually. Based on our assumptions at the time of our impairment testing, the recoverable amount of each of our CGUs or groups of CGUs was in excess of their carrying amounts. Key assumptions in our testing models may change, and changes that could reasonably be expected to occur may cause impairment or impairment reversals. Such change in assumptions could be driven by global supply and demand and other market factors and changes in regulations and other future events outside our control.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, North American central banks continued to increase their benchmark borrowing rates and have forecasted additional near-term increases. Benchmark borrowing rates are used as the risk-free rate which, is a component of determining our discount rate for impairment testing. As a result of these increases, we revised our discount rate to 8.0 percent (previous annual impairment analysis – 7.4 percent) and this triggered an impairment test to be performed for our Retail – North America group of CGUs.

The Retail – North America group of CGUs have $6.9 billion in associated goodwill. Goodwill is more susceptible to impairment risk if business operating results or economic conditions deteriorate and we do not meet our forecasts. A reduction in the terminal growth rate, an increase in the discount rate or a decrease in forecasted EBITDA could cause impairment in the future. As at June 30, 2022 the Retail – North America group of CGUs recoverable amount exceeds its carrying amount by $0.8 billion, which is 7 percent of the carrying amount. Refer to Note 3 to the interim financial statements.

The following table indicates the percentages by which key assumptions would need to change individually for the estimated recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying amount:

 

Key Assumptions    Value Used in Impairment
Model
     Change Required for
Carrying Amount to Equal
Recoverable Amount
 

Terminal growth rate (%)

     2.5        percentage point decrease        0.6  

Forecasted EBITDA over forecast period (in billions of US dollars)

     7.5        percent decrease        5.0  

Discount rate (%)

     8.0        percentage point increase        0.4  

 

14


Risk Factors

Russia and Ukraine Conflict

The current conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the international response has, and may continue to have, potential wide-ranging consequences for global market volatility and economic conditions, including energy and commodity prices. Certain countries including Canada, the United States, Australia and certain European countries have imposed strict financial and trade sanctions against Russia, with Russia and Belarus imposing retaliatory sanctions of their own, which have had, and may continue to have, far-reaching effects on the global economy, energy and commodity prices, food security and crop nutrient supply and prices. The short-, medium- and long-term implications of the conflict in Ukraine are difficult to predict with any degree of certainty at this time. While Nutrien does not have operations in Ukraine or Russia, there remains uncertainty relating to the potential impact of the conflict and its effect on global food security, growers and the market outlook for crop nutrient market supply and demand fundamentals and nutrient prices, and it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Depending on the extent, duration, and severity of the conflict, it may have the effect of heightening many of the other risks Nutrien is subject to and which are described in our 2021 Annual Report and 2021 Annual Information Form, including, without limitation, risks relating to market fundamentals and conditions (such as sanctions and trade flows and the impact thereof on crop nutrient supply and demand); cybersecurity threats; energy and commodity prices; inflationary pressures, interest rates and costs of capital; and supply chains and cost-effective and timely transportation.

Controls and Procedures

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings. Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. Any system of internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements and other information included in this document, including within the “Financial Outlook and Guidance” section, constitute “forward-looking information” or “forward-looking statements” (collectively, “forward-looking statements”) under applicable securities laws (such statements are often accompanied by words such as “anticipate”, “forecast”, “expect”, “believe”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “estimate”, “intend” or other similar words). All statements in this document, other than those relating to historical information or current conditions, are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: Nutrien’s business strategies, plans, prospects and opportunities; Nutrien’s 2022 full-year guidance, including expectations regarding our adjusted net earnings per share and adjusted EBITDA (consolidated and by segment); expectations regarding our growth and capital allocation intentions and strategies, including our evaluation of the Geismar, Louisiana clean ammonia facility and the anticipated benefits thereof; capital spending expectations for 2022; our intention to complete our existing share repurchase program in 2022; expectations regarding performance of our operating segments in 2022, including our operating segment market outlooks and market conditions for 2022, and the anticipated supply and demand for our products and services, expected market and industry conditions with respect to crop nutrient application rates, planted acres, grower crop investment, crop mix, prices and the impact of import and export volumes and economic sanctions; Nutrien’s ability to develop innovative and sustainable solutions; the negotiation of sales contracts; and acquisitions and divestitures and the anticipated benefits thereof. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements. As such, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements.

 

15


All of the forward-looking statements are qualified by the assumptions that are stated or inherent in such forward-looking statements, including the assumptions referred to below and elsewhere in this document. Although we believe that these assumptions are reasonable, having regard to our experience and our perception of historical trends, this list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the forward-looking statements and the reader should not place undue reliance on these assumptions and such forward-looking statements. Current conditions, economic and otherwise, render assumptions, although reasonable when made, subject to greater uncertainty. The additional key assumptions that have been made include, among other things, assumptions with respect to our ability to successfully complete, integrate and realize the anticipated benefits of our already completed and future acquisitions and divestitures, and that we will be able to implement our standards, controls, procedures and policies in respect of any acquired businesses and to realize the expected synergies; that future business, regulatory and industry conditions will be within the parameters expected by us, including with respect to prices, margins, demand, supply, product availability, supplier agreements, availability and cost of labor and interest, exchange and effective tax rates; assumptions with respect to global economic conditions and the accuracy of our market outlook expectations for 2022 and in the future; assumptions with respect to our ability to repurchase shares under our share repurchase program, including existing and future market conditions and compliance with respect to applicable securities laws and regulations and stock exchange policies; our expectations regarding the impacts, direct and indirect, of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, customers, business partners, employees, supply chain, other stakeholders and the overall global economy; our expectations regarding the impacts, direct and indirect, of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia on, among other things, global supply and demand, energy and commodity prices; interest rates, supply chains and the global economy; the adequacy of our cash generated from operations and our ability to access our credit facilities or capital markets for additional sources of financing; our ability to identify suitable candidates for acquisitions and divestitures and negotiate acceptable terms; our ability to maintain investment grade ratings and achieve our performance targets; our ability to successfully negotiate sales contracts; and our ability to successfully implement new initiatives and programs.

Events or circumstances that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: general global economic, market and business conditions; failure to complete announced and future acquisitions or divestitures at all or on the expected terms and within the expected timeline; climate change and weather conditions, including impacts from regional flooding and/or drought conditions; crop planted acreage, yield and prices; the supply and demand and price levels for our products; governmental and regulatory requirements and actions by governmental authorities, including changes in government policy (including tariffs, trade restrictions and climate change initiatives), government ownership requirements, changes in environmental, tax and other laws or regulations and the interpretation thereof; political risks, including civil unrest, actions by armed groups or conflict and malicious acts including terrorism; the occurrence of a major environmental or safety incident; innovation and cybersecurity risks related to our systems, including our costs of addressing or mitigating such risks; counterparty and sovereign risk; delays in completion of turnarounds at our major facilities; interruptions of or constraints in availability of key inputs, including natural gas and sulfur; any significant impairment of the carrying amount of certain assets; risks related to reputational loss; certain complications that may arise in our mining processes; the ability to attract, engage and retain skilled employees and strikes or other forms of work stoppages; the COVID-19 pandemic, including variants of the COVID-19 virus and the efficiency and distribution of vaccines, and its resulting effects on economic conditions, restrictions imposed by public health authorities or governments, including government-imposed vaccine mandates, fiscal and monetary responses by governments and financial institutions and disruptions to global supply chains; the conflict between Ukraine and Russia and its potential impact on, among other things, global market conditions and supply and demand, energy and commodity prices; interest rates, supply chains and the global economy generally; our ability to execute on our strategies related to environmental, social, and governance matters, and achieve related expectations; the risk that rising interest rates and/or deteriorated business operating results may result in the impairment of goodwill attributed to certain of our cash generating units; and other risk factors detailed from time to time in Nutrien reports filed with the Canadian securities regulators and the SEC in the United States.

The purpose of our adjusted net earnings per share, adjusted EBITDA (consolidated and by segment) and sustaining capital expenditures guidance ranges are to assist readers in understanding our expected and targeted financial results, and this information may not be appropriate for other purposes.

The forward-looking statements in this document are made as of the date hereof and Nutrien disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this document as a result of new information or future events, except as may be required under applicable Canadian securities legislation or applicable US federal securities laws.

 

16


Terms and Definitions

For the definitions of certain financial and non-financial terms used in this document, as well as a list of abbreviated company names and sources, see the “Terms & Definitions” section of our 2021 Annual Report. All references to per share amounts pertain to diluted net earnings (loss) per share, “n/m” indicates information that is not meaningful, and all financial amounts are stated in millions of US dollars, unless otherwise noted.

 

17


Appendix A - Selected Additional Financial Data

 

Selected Retail Measures  

Three Months Ended June 30

 

Six Months Ended June 30

 

  2022   2021   2022    2021

  Proprietary products margin as a percentage of

    product line margin (%)

       

        Crop nutrients

  22   24   20    23

        Crop protection products

  39   43   39    42

        Seed

  46   46   44    43

        All products

  28   29   26    27

  Crop nutrients sales volumes (tonnes – thousands)

   

    North America

  3,978   5,020   5,220    6,617

    International

  1,017   1,132   1,950    1,935

    Total

  4,995   6,152   7,170    8,552

  Crop nutrients selling price per tonne

       

    North America

  940   506   923    494

    International

  795   445   676    408

    Total

  911   495   856    475

  Crop nutrients gross margin per tonne

       

    North America

  202   127   198    123

    International

  105   57   86    54

    Total

  182   114   168    108

  Financial performance measures

          2022    2021

    Retail adjusted EBITDA margin (%) 1, 2

      12    10

    Retail adjusted EBITDA per US selling location (thousands of US dollars) 1, 2, 3

  1,897    1,267

    Retail adjusted average working capital to sales (%) 1, 4

      15    12

    Retail adjusted average working capital to sales excluding Nutrien Financial (%) 1, 4

    -

    Nutrien Financial adjusted net interest margin (%) 1, 4

      7.0    6.2

    Retail cash operating coverage ratio (%) 1, 4

      54    60

    Retail normalized comparable store sales (%) 4

          (3)   1

  1   Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

       

  2   These are supplementary financial measures. See the “Other Financial Measures” section.

   

  3   Excluding acquisitions.

       

  4   These are non-IFRS financial measures. See the “Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section.

   

 

  Nutrien Financial    As at June 30, 2022     

As at

Dec 31, 2021

 
  (millions of US dollars)    Current     

<31 days

past due

    

31–90
days

past due

    

>90 days

past due

     Gross
Receivables
     Allowance 1     Net
Receivables
     Net
Receivables
 

  North America

     3,342        201        70        67        3,680        (35     3,645        1,488  

  International

     642        53        13        53        761        (2     759        662  

  Nutrien Financial receivables

     3,984        254        83        120        4,441        (37     4,404        2,150  

  1   Bad debt expense on the above receivables for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $8 million (2021 – $5 million) in the Retail segment.

 

 

18


Selected Nitrogen Measures  

Three Months Ended June 30

 

Six Months Ended June 30

    2022   2021   2022   2021

Sales volumes (tonnes – thousands)

       

    Fertilizer

  1,453   1,825   2,546   3,130

    Industrial and feed

  1,142   1,141   2,314   2,239

Net sales (millions of US dollars)

       

    Fertilizer

  1,120   638   1,894   970

    Industrial and feed

  760   344   1,448   585

Net selling price per tonne

       

    Fertilizer

  771   350   744   310

    Industrial and feed

  666   302   626   261
Production Measures  

Three Months Ended June 30

 

Six Months Ended June 30

    2022   2021   2022   2021

Potash production (Product tonnes – thousands)

 

3,621

 

3,414

 

7,324

 

6,950

Potash shutdown weeks 1

 

5

 

4

 

5

 

4

Ammonia production – total 2

 

1,473

 

1,492

 

2,876

 

2,941

Ammonia production – adjusted 2, 3

 

1,048

 

954

 

2,006

 

2,007

Ammonia operating rate (%) 3

 

96

 

87

 

92

 

92

P2O5 production (P2O5 tonnes – thousands)

P2O5  operating rate (%)

 

350

 

347

 

728

 

725

  82   82   86   86

1   Represents weeks of full production shutdown, including inventory adjustments and unplanned events, excluding the impact of any periods of reduced operating rates, planned routine annual maintenance shutdowns and announced workforce reductions.

2   All figures are provided on a gross production basis in thousands of product tonnes.

3   Excludes Trinidad and Joffre.

 

19


Appendix B - Non-IFRS Financial Measures

We use both IFRS measures and certain non-IFRS financial measures to assess performance. Non-IFRS financial measures are financial measures disclosed by a company that (a) depict historical or expected future financial performance, financial position or cash flow of a company, (b) with respect to their composition, exclude amounts that are included in, or include amounts that are excluded from, the composition of the most directly comparable financial measure disclosed in the primary financial statements of the company, (c) are not disclosed in the financial statements of the company and (d) are not a ratio, fraction, percentage or similar representation. Non-IFRS ratios are financial measures disclosed by a company that are in the form of a ratio, fraction, percentage or similar representation that has a non-IFRS financial measure as one or more of its components, and that are not disclosed in the financial statements of the company.

These non-IFRS financial measures and non-IFRS ratios are not standardized financial measures under IFRS and, therefore, are unlikely to be comparable to similar financial measures presented by other companies. Management believes these non-IFRS financial measures and non-IFRS ratios provide transparent and useful supplemental information to help investors evaluate our financial performance, financial condition and liquidity using the same measures as management. These non-IFRS financial measures and non-IFRS ratios should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with IFRS.

The following section outlines our non-IFRS financial measures and non-IFRS ratios, their compositions, and why management uses each measure. It also includes reconciliations to the most directly comparable IFRS measures. Except as otherwise described herein, our non-IFRS financial measures and non-IFRS ratios are calculated on a consistent basis from period to period and are adjusted for specific items in each period, as applicable. As additional non-recurring or unusual items arise in the future, we generally exclude these items in our calculations.

Adjusted EBITDA (Consolidated)

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Net earnings (loss).

Definition: Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net earnings (loss) before finance costs, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation and certain foreign exchange gain/loss (net of related derivatives). We also adjust this measure for the following other income and expenses that are excluded when management evaluates the performance of our day-to-day operations: integration and restructuring related costs, impairment or reversal of impairment of assets, COVID-19 related expenses, gain or loss on disposal of certain businesses and investments, and IFRS adoption transition adjustments.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: It is not impacted by long-term investment and financing decisions, but rather focuses on the performance of our day-to-day operations. It provides a measure of our ability to service debt and to meet other payment obligations, and as a component of employee remuneration calculations.

 

     Three Months Ended June 30      Six Months Ended June 30

 (millions of US dollars)

                     2022                        2021                        2022                        2021  

 Net earnings

     3,601        1,113        4,986        1,246  

 Finance costs

     130        125        239        245  

 Income tax expense

     1,214        381        1,719        406  

 Depreciation and amortization

     505        485        966        965  

 EBITDA 1

     5,450        2,104        7,910        2,862  

 Share-based compensation (recovery) expense

     (52      38        83        61  

 Foreign exchange loss (gain), net of related derivatives

     31        (2      56        -  

 Integration and restructuring related costs

     11        29        20        39  

 (Reversal) impairment of assets

     (450      1        (450      5  

 COVID-19 related expenses 2

     3        9        8        18  

 Gain on disposal of investment

     -        -        (19      -  

 Cloud computing transition adjustment 3

     -        36        -        36  

 Adjusted EBITDA

     4,993        2,215        7,608        3,021  

1   EBITDA is calculated as net earnings (loss) before finance costs, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization.

2   COVID-19 related expenses primarily consist of increased cleaning and sanitization costs, the purchase of personal protective equipment, discretionary supplemental employee costs, and costs related to construction delays from access limitations and other government restrictions.

3   Cloud computing transition adjustment relates to cloud computing costs in prior years that no longer qualify for capitalization based on an agenda decision issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee in April 2021.

 

20


Adjusted Net Earnings and Adjusted Net Earnings Per Share

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Net earnings (loss) and net earnings (loss) per share.

Definition: Adjusted net earnings and related per share information are calculated as net earnings (loss) before share-based compensation and certain foreign exchange gain/loss (net of related derivatives), net of tax. We also adjust this measure for the following other income and expenses (net of tax) that are excluded when management evaluates the performance of our day-to-day operations: certain integration and restructuring related costs, impairment or reversal of impairment of assets, COVID-19 related expenses (including those recorded under finance costs), gain or loss on disposal of certain businesses and investments, IFRS adoption transition adjustments and gain/loss on early extinguishment of debt. We generally apply the annual forecasted effective tax rate to our adjustments during the year and, at year-end, we apply the actual effective tax rate. If the effective tax rate is significantly different from our forecasted effective tax rate due to adjustments or discrete tax impacts, we apply a tax rate that excludes those items. For material adjustments, we apply a tax rate specific to the adjustment.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: Focuses on the performance of our day-to-day operations and is used as a component of employee remuneration calculations.

 

    

Three Months Ended

June 30, 2022

    

Six Months Ended

June 30, 2022

 

(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

    
Increases
(Decreases)
 
 
    Post-Tax      

Per
      Diluted
Share
 
 
 
    
Increases
(Decreases)
 
 
    Post-Tax      

Per
      Diluted
Share
 
 
 

Net earnings attributable to equity holders of Nutrien

       3,593       6.51          4,971       8.99  

Adjustments:

             

Share-based compensation (recovery) expense

     (52     (39     (0.07      83       62       0.11  

Foreign exchange loss, net of related derivatives

     31       23       0.04        56       42       0.07  

Integration and restructuring related costs

     11       8       0.01        20       15       0.02  

Impairment reversal of assets

     (450     (354     (0.64      (450     (354     (0.64

COVID-19 related expenses

     3       2       -        8       6       0.01  

Gain on disposal of investment

     -       -       -        (19     (14     (0.03
             

Adjusted net earnings

             3,233       5.85                4,728       8.53  
    

Three Months Ended

June 30, 2021

    

Six Months Ended

June 30, 2021

 

(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

    
Increases
(Decreases)
 
 
    Post-Tax      

Per
Diluted
Share
 
 
 
    
Increases
(Decreases)
 
 
    Post-Tax      

Per
Diluted
Share
 
 
 

Net earnings attributable to equity holders of Nutrien

       1,108       1.94          1,235       2.16  

Adjustments:

             

Share-based compensation expense

     38       29       0.05        61       46       0.08  

Foreign exchange gain, net of related derivatives

     (2     (2     -        -       -       -  

Integration and restructuring related costs

     29       22       0.03        39       30       0.05  

Impairment of assets

     1       1       -        5       4       0.01  

COVID-19 related expenses

     9       7       0.01        18       14       0.02  

Cloud computing transition adjustment

     36       27       0.05        36       27       0.05  
             

Adjusted net earnings

             1,192       2.08                1,356       2.37  

 

21


Adjusted EBITDA (Consolidated) and Adjusted Net Earnings Per Share Guidance

Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net earnings per share guidance are forward-looking non-IFRS financial measures. We do not provide a reconciliation of such forward-looking measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with IFRS because a meaningful or accurate calculation of reconciling items and the information is not available without unreasonable effort due to unknown variables, including the timing and amount of certain reconciling items, and the uncertainty related to future results. These unknown variables may include unpredictable transactions of significant value that may be inherently difficult to determine without unreasonable efforts. The probable significance of such unavailable information, which could be material to future results, cannot be addressed. Guidance for adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net earnings per share excludes certain items such as, but not limited to, the impacts of share-based compensation, certain foreign exchange gain/loss (net of related derivatives), integration and restructuring related costs, impairment or reversal of impairment of assets, COVID-19 related expenses (including those recorded under finance costs), gain or loss on disposal of certain businesses and investments, IFRS adoption transition adjustments, and gain/loss on early extinguishment of debt.

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Including Changes in Non-Cash Operating Working Capital

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Cash provided by (used in) operating activities.

Definition: Free cash flow is calculated as cash provided by (used in) operating activities less sustaining capital expenditures and before changes in non-cash operating working capital. Free cash flow including non-cash operating working capital is calculated as cash provided by operating activities less sustaining capital expenditures.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: For evaluation of liquidity and financial strength. These are also useful as indicators of our ability to service debt, meet other payment obligations and make strategic investments. These do not represent residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures.

 

     Three Months Ended June 30     Six Months Ended June 30

 (millions of US dollars)

                     2022                        2021                       2022                       2021  

 Cash provided by operating activities

     2,558        1,966       2,496       1,814  

 Sustaining capital expenditures

     (256      (304     (450     (468

 Free cash flow including changes in non-cash operating working capital

     2,302        1,662       2,046       1,346  

 Changes in non-cash operating working capital

     (1,111      249       (3,181     (543

 Free cash flow

     3,413        1,413       5,227       1,889  

Gross Margin Excluding Depreciation and Amortization Per Tonne - Manufactured

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Gross margin.

Definition: Gross margin per tonne less depreciation and amortization per tonne for manufactured products. Reconciliations are provided in the “Segment Results” section.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: Focuses on the performance of our day-to-day operations, which excludes the effects of items that primarily reflect the impact of long-term investment and financing decisions.

 

22


Potash Controllable Cash Cost of Product Manufactured (“COPM”) Per Tonne

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Cost of goods sold (“COGS”) for the Potash segment.

Definition: Total Potash COGS excluding depreciation and amortization expense included in COPM, royalties, natural gas costs and carbon taxes, change in inventory, and other adjustments, divided by potash production tonnes.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: To assess operational performance. In 2022, we replaced Potash cash COPM with this new financial measure. Potash controllable cash COPM excludes the effects of production from other periods and the impacts of our long-term investment decisions. Potash controllable cash COPM also excludes royalties and natural gas costs and carbon taxes, which management does not consider controllable, as they are primarily driven by regulatory and market conditions.

 

     Three Months Ended June 30     Six Months Ended June 30  
 (millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)                      2022                        2021                       2022                       2021  

 Total COGS – Potash

     399        317       704       608  

 Change in inventory

     (5      (11     72       16  

 Other adjustments 1

     (9      (2     (24     (6

 COPM

     385        304       752       618  

 Depreciation and amortization in COPM

     (114      (103     (233     (214

 Royalties in COPM

     (63      (19     (108     (36

 Natural gas costs and carbon taxes in COPM

     (19      (11     (36     (23

 Controllable cash COPM

     189        171       375       345  

 Production tonnes (tonnes – thousands)

     3,621        3,414       7,324       6,950  

 Potash controllable cash COPM per tonne

     52        50       51       50  

1  Other adjustments include unallocated production overhead that is recognized as part of cost of goods sold but is not included in the measurement of inventory and changes in inventory balances.

 

Ammonia Controllable Cash COPM Per Tonne

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Total manufactured COGS for the Nitrogen segment.

Definition: Total Nitrogen COGS excluding depreciation and amortization expense included in COGS, cash COGS for products other than ammonia, other adjustments, and natural gas and steam costs, divided by net ammonia production tonnes.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: To assess operational performance. Ammonia controllable cash COPM excludes the effects of production from other periods, the costs of natural gas and steam, and long-term investment decisions, supporting a focus on the performance of our day-to-day operations.

 

     Three Months Ended June 30     Six Months Ended June 30  

 (millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

                     2022                        2021                       2022                       2021  

 Total Manufactured COGS – Nitrogen

     839        597       1,479       1,037  

 Total Other COGS – Nitrogen

     332        166       573       336  

 Total COGS – Nitrogen

     1,171        763       2,052       1,373  

 Depreciation and amortization in COGS

     (115      (134     (217     (242

 Cash COGS for products other than ammonia

     (748      (448     (1,272     (841

 Ammonia

         

Total cash COGS before other adjustments

     308        181       563       290  

Other adjustments 1

     (78      (27     (114     (30

Total cash COPM

     230        154       449       260  

Natural gas and steam costs

     (195      (118     (376     (192

Controllable cash COPM

     35        36       73       68  

 Production tonnes (net tonnes 2 – thousands)

     606        703       1,280       1,305  

 Ammonia controllable cash COPM per tonne

     58        51       57       51  

1  Other adjustments include unallocated production overhead that is recognized as part of cost of goods sold but is not included in the measurement of inventory and changes in inventory balances.

2  Ammonia tonnes available for sale, as not upgraded to other Nitrogen products.

 

23


Retail Adjusted Average Working Capital to Sales and Retail Adjusted Average Working Capital to Sales Excluding Nutrien Financial

Definition: Retail adjusted average working capital divided by Retail adjusted sales for the last four rolling quarters. We exclude in our calculations the sales and working capital of certain acquisitions during the first year following the acquisition. We also look at this metric excluding Nutrien Financial revenue and working capital.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: To evaluate operational efficiency. A lower or higher percentage represents increased or decreased efficiency, respectively. The metric excluding Nutrien Financial shows the impact that the working capital of Nutrien Financial has on the ratio.

 

    Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2022  
(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Q3 2021     Q4 2021     Q1 2022     Q2 2022                 Average/Total    

Current assets

    8,945       9,924       12,392       12,487    

Current liabilities

    (5,062     (7,828     (9,223     (9,177        

Working capital

    3,883       2,096       3,169       3,310       3,115    

Working capital from certain recent acquisitions

    -       -       -       -           

Adjusted working capital

    3,883       2,096       3,169       3,310       3,115    

Nutrien Financial working capital

    (2,820     (2,150     (2,274     (4,404        

Adjusted working capital excluding Nutrien Financial

    1,063       (54     895       (1,094     203    

Sales

    3,347       3,878       3,861       9,422    

Sales from certain recent acquisitions

    -       -       -       -          

Adjusted sales

    3,347       3,878       3,861       9,422       20,508    

Nutrien Financial revenue

    (54     (51     (49     (91        

Adjusted sales excluding Nutrien Financial

    3,293       3,827       3,812       9,331       20,263    

Adjusted average working capital to sales (%)

            15    

Adjusted average working capital to sales excluding Nutrien Financial (%)

 

      1    
    Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2021  
(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Q3 2020     Q4 2020     Q1 2021     Q2 2021     Average/Total    

Current assets

    7,324       8,013       9,160       9,300    

Current liabilities

    (4,108     (6,856     (7,530     (7,952        

Working capital

    3,216       1,157       1,630       1,348       1,838    

Working capital from certain recent acquisitions

    -       -       -       -          

Adjusted working capital

    3,216       1,157       1,630       1,348       1,838    

Nutrien Financial working capital

    (1,711     (1,392     (1,221     (3,072        

Adjusted working capital excluding Nutrien Financial

    1,505       (235     409       (1,724     (11)  

Sales

    2,742       2,618       2,972       7,537    

Sales from certain recent acquisitions

    -       -       -       -          

Adjusted sales

    2,742       2,618       2,972       7,537       15,869    

Nutrien Financial revenue

    (36     (37     (25     (59        

Adjusted sales excluding Nutrien Financial

    2,706       2,581       2,947       7,478       15,712    

Adjusted average working capital to sales (%)

            12    

Adjusted average working capital to sales excluding Nutrien Financial (%)

 

      -    

 

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Nutrien Financial Adjusted Net Interest Margin

Definition: Nutrien Financial revenue less deemed interest expense divided by average Nutrien Financial receivables outstanding for the last four rolling quarters.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: Used by credit rating agencies and other users to evaluate financial performance of Nutrien Financial.

 

    Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2022  
(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Q3 2021     Q4 2021     Q1 2022     Q2 2022                 Total/Average    

Nutrien Financial revenue

    54       51       49       91    

Deemed interest expense 1

    (10     (12     (6     (12        

Net interest

    44       39       43       79       205    

Average Nutrien Financial receivables

    2,820       2,150       2,274       4,404       2,912    

Nutrien Financial adjusted net interest margin (%)

                                    7.0    

 1   Average borrowing rate applied to the notional debt required to fund the portfolio of receivables from customers monitored and serviced by Nutrien Financial.

 

 

    Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2021  
(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Q3 2020     Q4 2020     Q1 2021     Q2 2021     Total/Average    

Nutrien Financial revenue

    36       37       25       59    

Deemed interest expense 1

    (15     (14     (6     (8        

Net interest

    21       23       19       51       114    

Average Nutrien Financial receivables

    1,711       1,392       1,221       3,072       1,849    

Nutrien Financial adjusted net interest margin (%)

                                    6.2    
 1   Average borrowing rate applied to the notional debt required to fund the portfolio of receivables from customers monitored and serviced by Nutrien Financial.

 

 

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Retail Cash Operating Coverage Ratio

Definition: Retail selling, general and administrative, and other expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense, divided by Retail gross margin excluding depreciation and amortization expense in cost of goods sold, for the last four rolling quarters.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: To understand the costs and underlying economics of our Retail operations and to assess our Retail operating performance and ability to generate free cash flow.

 

    Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2022  
(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Q3 2021     Q4 2021     Q1 2022     Q2 2022     Total    

Selling expenses

    746       848       722       1,013       3,329    

General and administrative expenses

    45       43       45       54       187    

Other expenses (income)

    17       20       (12     21       46    

Operating expenses

    808       911       755       1,088       3,562    

Depreciation and amortization in operating expenses

    (180     (173     (167     (171     (691)  

Operating expenses excluding depreciation and amortization

    628       738       588       917       2,871    

Gross margin

    917       1,173       845       2,340       5,275    

Depreciation and amortization in cost of goods sold

    2       5       2       4       13    

Gross margin excluding depreciation and amortization

    919       1,178       847       2,344       5,288    

Cash operating coverage ratio (%)

                                    54    
   

 

Rolling four quarters ended June 30, 2021

 
(millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)   Q3 2020     Q4 2020     Q1 2021     Q2 2021     Total    

Selling expenses

    669       727       667       863       2,926    

General and administrative expenses

    34       33       39       41       147    

Other expenses (income)

    (12     8       15       34       45    

Operating expenses

    691       768       721       938       3,118    

Depreciation and amortization in operating expenses

    (167     (177     (175     (166     (685)  

Operating expenses excluding depreciation and amortization

    524       591       546       772       2,433    

Gross margin

    683       885       652       1,858       4,078    

Depreciation and amortization in cost of goods sold

    3       3       2       3       11    

Gross margin excluding depreciation and amortization

    686       888       654       1,861       4,089    

Cash operating coverage ratio (%)

                                    60    

Retail Normalized Comparable Store Sales

Most directly comparable IFRS financial measure: Retail sales from comparable base as a component of total Retail sales.

Definition: Prior year comparable store sales adjusted for published potash, nitrogen and phosphate benchmark prices and foreign exchange rates used in the current year. We retain sales of closed locations in the comparable base if the closed location is in close proximity to an existing location, unless we plan to exit the market area or are unable to economically or logistically serve it. We do not adjust for temporary closures, expansions or renovations of stores.

Why we use the measure and why it is useful to investors: To evaluate sales growth by adjusting for fluctuations in commodity prices and foreign exchange rates. Includes locations we have owned for more than 12 months.

 

             Six Months Ended June 30          

 (millions of US dollars, except as otherwise noted)

                     2022                        2021   

 Sales from comparable base

     

Prior period

     10,509        9,425   

Adjustments 1

     (57       

Revised prior period

     10,452        9,425   

Current period

     13,230        10,405   

 Comparable store sales (%)

     27        10   

 Prior period normalized for benchmark prices and foreign exchange rates

     13,706        10,351   

 Normalized comparable store sales (%)

     (3       
 1   Adjustments relate to prior period sales related to closed locations or businesses that no longer exist in the current period in order to provide a comparable base in our calculation.

 

 

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Appendix C – Other Financial Measures

Supplementary Financial Measures

Supplementary financial measures are financial measures disclosed by a company that (a) are, or are intended to be, disclosed on a periodic basis to depict the historical or expected future financial performance, financial position or cash flow of a company, (b) are not disclosed in the financial statements of the company, (c) are not non-IFRS financial measures, and (d) are not non-IFRS ratios.

The following section provides an explanation of the composition of those supplementary financial measures if not previously provided.

Retail adjusted EBITDA margin: Retail adjusted EBITDA divided by Retail sales for the last four rolling quarters.

Sustaining capital expenditures: Represents capital expenditures that are required to sustain operations at existing levels and include major repairs and maintenance, and plant turnarounds.

Retail adjusted EBITDA per US selling location: Calculated as total Retail US adjusted EBITDA for the last four rolling quarters, representing the organic EBITDA component, which excludes acquisitions in those quarters, divided by the number of US locations that have generated sales in the last four rolling quarters, adjusted for acquired locations in those quarters.

Shareholder returns (cash used for dividends and share repurchases): Calculated as dividends paid to Nutrien shareholders plus repurchase of common shares. This measure is useful as it represents return of capital to shareholders.

 

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