40-APP/A 1 tm222908-1_40appa.htm 40-APP/A

 

File No. 812-15245

 

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO THE APPLICATION FOR AN ORDER PURSUANT TO SECTIONS
17(d) AND 57(i) OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 AND RULE 17d-1 UNDER
THE ACT TO PERMIT CERTAIN JOINT TRANSACTIONS OTHERWISE PROHIBITED BY
SECTIONS 17(d) AND 57(a)(4) OF THE ACT AND RULE 17d-l UNDER THE ACT

 

In the Matter of the Application of

 

Redwood ENHANCED INCOME CORP.;
REDWOOD DRAWDOWN MASTER FUND III, L.P.;

REDWOOD MASTER FUND, LTD.;

REDWOOD OPPORTUNITY MASTER FUND, LTD.;
REDWOOD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC

 

250 West 55th Street

New York, NY 10019

 

All Communications, Notices and Orders to:

 

Adam Bensley

Redwood Capital Management, LLC

250 West 55th Street

New York, NY 10019

(212) 970-1400

abensley@redwoodcap.com

 

Copies to:

 

Nicole M. Runyan

William J. Tuttle

Proskauer Rose LLP

Eleven Times Square

New York, NY 10036

(212) 969-3000

nrunyan@proskauer.com

 

January 13, 2022

 

 

 

 

I.            INTRODUCTION

 

1.Requested Relief

 

Redwood Enhanced Income Corp. (“RBDC”) and its related entities, identified in section I.2 below, hereby request an order (the “Order”) pursuant to Sections 17(d) and 57(i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”),1 and Rule 17d-1 thereunder2 authorizing certain joint transactions that otherwise would be prohibited by either or both of Sections 17(d) and 57(a)(4) as modified by the exemptive rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Act.

 

In particular, the relief requested in this application (the “Application”) would allow one or more Regulated Funds (as defined below) and/or one or more Affiliated Funds (as defined below) and/or one or more Redwood Proprietary Accounts (as defined below) to participate in the same investment opportunities where such participation would otherwise be prohibited under Section 17(d) or 57(a)(4) and the rules under the Act. All existing entities that currently intend to rely on the Order have been named as Applicants (as defined below) and any existing or future entities that may rely on the Order in the future will comply with the terms and Conditions (as defined below) set forth in this Application.

 

2.Applicants Seeking Relief

 

·RBDC, an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that intends to elect to be regulated as a BDC (as defined below) under the Act;

 

·Redwood Capital Management, LLC (“Redwood”), investment adviser to the Existing Affiliated Funds (as defined below) and to RBDC and which may serve as investment adviser to Future Regulated Funds (as defined below), on behalf of itself and its successors3. Redwood is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). Redwood, and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, from time to time may hold various financial assets in a principal capacity (together, in such capacity, the “Existing Redwood Proprietary Accounts” and, together with any Future Redwood Proprietary Account (as defined below), the “Redwood Proprietary Accounts”); and

 

·the investment vehicles identified in Appendix A, each of which is a separate and distinct legal entity and each of which would be an investment company but for Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) (the “Existing Affiliated Funds” and, together with RBDC and Redwood, the “Applicants”).

 

 
1Unless otherwise indicated, all section references herein are to the Act.

 

2Unless otherwise indicated, all rule references herein are to rules under the Act.

 

3For purposes of this Order, the term successor means an entity that results from a reorganization into another jurisdiction or change in the type of business organization.

 

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3.Defined Terms

 

Adviser” means Redwood, together with any future investment adviser that intends to participate in the Co-Investment Program (as defined below) that (i) controls, is controlled by or is under common control with Redwood, (ii) is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act and (iii) is not a Regulated Fund or a subsidiary of a Regulated Fund.

 

Adviser to Affiliated Funds” means an Adviser that, in the future, serves as investment adviser (or sub-adviser, if any) to one or more Affiliated Funds.

 

Adviser to Regulated Funds” means an Adviser that, in the future, serves as investment adviser (or sub-adviser, if any) to one or more Regulated Funds.

 

Affiliated Fund” means the Existing Affiliated Funds, the Existing Redwood Proprietary Accounts, any Future Affiliated Fund (as defined below) and any Future Redwood Proprietary Account.

 

BDC” means a business development company under the Act.4

 

Board” means, with respect to a Regulated Fund, the board of directors (or the equivalent) of the Regulated Fund.

 

Board-Established Criteria” means criteria that the Board of a Regulated Fund may establish from time to time to describe the characteristics of Potential Co-Investment Transactions (as defined below) regarding which the Adviser to the Regulated Fund should be notified under Condition 1. The Board-Established Criteria will be consistent with the Regulated Fund’s Objectives and Strategies (as defined below). If no Board-Established Criteria are in effect, then the Regulated Fund’s Adviser will be notified of all Potential Co-Investment Transactions that fall within the Regulated Fund’s then-current Objectives and Strategies. Board-Established Criteria will be objective and testable, meaning that they will be based on observable information, such as industry/sector of the issuer, minimum EBITDA of the issuer, asset class of the investment opportunity or required commitment size, and not on characteristics that involve a discretionary assessment. The Adviser to the Regulated Fund may from time to time recommend criteria for the Board’s consideration, but Board-Established Criteria will only become effective if approved by a majority of the Independent Directors (as defined below). The Independent Directors of a Regulated Fund may at any time rescind, suspend or qualify their approval of any Board-Established Criteria, although Applicants anticipate that, under normal circumstances, a Board would not modify these criteria more often than quarterly.

 

 

4 Section 2(a)(48) defines a BDC to be any closed-end investment company that operates for the purpose of making investments in securities described in Sections 55(a)(1) through 55(a)(3) and makes available significant managerial assistance with respect to the issuers of such securities.

 

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Close Affiliate” means the Adviser, the Regulated Funds, the Affiliated Funds and any other person described in Section 57(b) (after giving effect to Rule 57b-1) in respect of any Regulated Fund (treating any registered investment company or series thereof as a BDC for this purpose), except for limited partners included solely by reason of the reference in Section 57(b) to Section 2(a)(3)(D).

 

Co-Investment Program” means the proposed co-investment program that would permit one or more Regulated Funds and/or one or more Affiliated Funds to participate in the same investment opportunities where such participation could otherwise be prohibited under Section 57(a)(4) and Rule 17d-1 by (a) co-investing with each other in securities issued by issuers in private placement transactions in which an Adviser negotiates terms in addition to price5 and (b) making Follow-On Investments (as defined below).

 

Co-Investment Transaction” means any transaction in which a Regulated Fund (or its Wholly-Owned Investment Sub (defined below)) participated together with one or more Affiliated Funds and/or one or more other Regulated Funds in reliance on the Order.

 

Disposition” means the sale, exchange or other disposition of an interest in a security of an issuer.

 

Eligible Directors” means, with respect to a Regulated Fund and a Potential Co-Investment Transaction, the members of the Regulated Fund’s Board eligible to vote on that Potential Co-Investment Transaction under Section 57(o).

 

Follow-On Investment” means an additional investment in the same issuer, including, but not limited to, through the exercise of warrants, conversion privileges or other rights to purchase securities of the issuer.

 

Future Affiliated Fund” means any entity (a) whose investment adviser (and sub-adviser, if any) is an Adviser, (b) that would be an investment company but for Section 3(c)(1), 3(c)(5)(C) or 3(c)(7)  of the Act and (c) that intends to participate in the Co-Investment Program.

 

Future Redwood Proprietary Accounts” means an Adviser, or any direct or indirect, wholly- or majority-owned subsidiary of an Adviser, that, from time to time, may hold various financial assets in a principal capacity.

 

Future Regulated Fund” means a closed-end management investment company (a) that is registered under the Act or has elected to be regulated as a BDC, (b) whose investment adviser (or sub-adviser, if any) is an Adviser and (c) that intends to participate in the Co-Investment Program.

 

Independent Director” means a member of the Board of any relevant entity who is not an “interested person” as defined in Section 2(a)(19). No Independent Director of a Regulated Fund will have a financial interest in any Co-Investment Transaction, other than indirectly through share ownership in one of the Regulated Funds.

 

 
5 The term “private placement transactions” means transactions in which the offer and sale of securities by the issuer are exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

 

3

 

 

JT No-Action Letters” means SMC Capital, Inc., SEC No-Action Letter (pub. avail. Sept. 5, 1995) and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, SEC No-Action Letter (pub. avail. June 7, 2000).

 

Objectives and Strategies” means, with respect to any Regulated Fund, its investment objectives and strategies, as described in its most current registration statement on Form N-2, other current filings with the Commission under the Securities Act or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and its most current report to stockholders.

 

Potential Co-Investment Transaction” means any investment opportunity in which a Regulated Fund (or its Wholly-Owned Investment Sub) could not participate together with one or more Affiliated Funds and/or one or more other Regulated Funds without obtaining and relying on the Order.

 

Pre-Boarding Investments” are investments in an issuer held by a Regulated Fund as well as one or more Affiliated Funds and/or one or more other Regulated Funds that were acquired prior to participating in any Co-Investment Transaction in:

 

(i)            transactions in which the only term negotiated by or on behalf of such funds was price in reliance on one of the JT No-Action Letters; or

 

(ii)           transactions occurring at least 90 days apart and without coordination between the Regulated Fund and any Affiliated Fund or other Regulated Fund.

 

Regulated Funds” means RBDC and any Future Regulated Fund.

 

Related Party” means (i) any Close Affiliate and (ii), in respect of matters as to which any Adviser has knowledge, any Remote Affiliate.

 

Remote Affiliate” means any person described in Section 57(e) in respect of any Regulated Fund (treating any registered investment company or series thereof as a BDC for this purpose) and any limited partner holding 5% or more of the relevant limited partner interests that would be a Close Affiliate but for the exclusion in that definition.

 

Required Majority” means a “required majority” as defined in Section 57(o).6

 

Tradable Security” means a security that meets the following criteria at the time of Disposition:

 

(i)            trades on a national securities exchange or designated offshore securities market, as defined in Rule 902(b) under the Securities Act;

 

(ii)           is not subject to restrictive agreements with the issuer or other securityholders; and

 

(iii)          trades with sufficient volume and liquidity (findings as to which are documented by the Adviser to any Regulated Funds holding investments in the issuer and retained for the life of the Regulated Fund) to allow each Regulated Fund to dispose of its entire position remaining after the proposed Disposition within a short period of time not exceeding 30 days at approximately the value (as defined by Section 2(a)(41)) at which the Regulated Fund has valued the investment.

 

 

6 In the case of a Regulated Fund that is a registered closed-end fund, the Board members that make up the Required Majority will be determined as if the Regulated Fund were a BDC subject to Section 57(o).

 

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Wholly-Owned Investment Sub” means an entity (i) that is wholly-owned by the Regulated Fund or a Future Regulated Fund (with such Regulated Fund at all times holding, beneficially and of record, 100% of the voting and economic interests); (ii) whose sole business purpose is to hold one or more investments on behalf of such Regulated Fund; (iii) with respect to which such Regulated Fund’s Board has the sole authority to make all determinations with respect to the entity’s participation under the Conditions to this Application; and (iv) that would be an investment company but for Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Act.

 

II.            APPLICANTS

 

1.Redwood Enhanced Income Corp.

 

RBDC was organized as a Maryland corporation on June 21, 2021. RBDC will seek current income as well as capital appreciation, while emphasizing the preservation of capital. RBDC's focus will be fixed income investments, primarily in the senior layers of the capital structure of leveraged companies. RBDC will seek to achieve this objective by acquiring, holding and disposing of, directly or indirectly, investments, with such investments generally being made in connection with episodes of market dislocation in debt or equity securities or other obligations at discounts to their original value or where Redwood determines such investments to be under-valued. These investments will primarily consist of loans and bonds, sourced either through direct investments or through the syndicated market. RBDC's investments in loans and bonds also may be accompanied with options, warrants or other instruments that give RBDC the ability to convert its fixed income investment into equity. RBDC intends to file an election to be regulated as a BDC and an election to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and intends to continue to make such election in the future. RBDC’s principal place of business is 250 West 55th Street, New York, NY 10019.

 

Prior to relying on the relief requested herein, RBDC will have filed an election on Form N-54A to be regulated as a BDC.

 

Investment decisions will made by Redwood, the investment adviser to RBDC. RBDC intends to have a Board, a majority of which will be Independent Directors, and RBDC’s business affairs will be managed under the direction of the Board.

 

2.Redwood Capital Management, LLC

 

Redwood, a Delaware limited liability company, is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act. Redwood is directly owned by Redwood Capital Management Holdings, LP, a Delaware limited partnership. Redwood provides advisory services on a discretionary basis to its clients, which include private funds and separately managed accounts. Redwood focuses on distressed and stressed investments primarily in the fixed income markets. Redwood also invests, or may invest, in other instruments which, in its view, complement its main strategies, including high yield bank debt and bonds, U.S. or non-U.S., publicly traded or privately issued or negotiated common stocks, preferred stocks, stock warrants and rights, sovereign debt, corporate debt, bonds, notes or other debentures or debt participations, convertible securities, swaps, options (purchased or written), futures contracts, commodities and other derivative instruments, foreign currencies, partnership interests and other securities or financial instruments including those of investment companies. Redwood may take long or short positions, as it deems appropriate and subject to any client-specific, market or regulatory limitations, in any of the investment instruments noted above. Redwood may utilize leverage in the form of direct borrowings.

 

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Subject to the overall supervision of the Board, Redwood will manage the day-to-day operations of, and provide investment advisory and management services to, RBDC. Under the proposed terms of an investment advisory agreement by and between RBDC and Redwood, Redwood will: (i) determine the composition of RBDC’s investment portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to such portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes; (ii) identify, evaluate and negotiate the structure of investments (including performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies); (iii) close and monitor investments; and (iv) determine the securities and other assets to be purchased, retained or sold.

 

3.Existing Affiliated Funds

 

Redwood serves as investment adviser to the Existing Affiliated Funds. A complete list of the Existing Affiliated Funds is included in Appendix A.

 

III.            ORDER REQUESTED

 

Applicants respectfully request an Order of the Commission under Sections 17(d) and 57(i) and Rule 17d-1 thereunder to permit, subject to the terms and conditions set forth below in this Application (the “Conditions”), a Regulated Fund and one or more other Regulated Funds and/or one or more Affiliated Funds to enter into Co-Investment Transactions with each other.

 

The Regulated Funds and the Affiliated Funds seek relief to enter into Co-Investment Transactions because such Co-Investment Transactions would otherwise be prohibited by either or both of Section 17(d) or Section 57(a)(4) and the rules under the Act. This Application seeks relief in order to (i) enable the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds to avoid, among other things, the practical commercial and/or economic difficulties of trying to structure, negotiate and persuade counterparties to enter into transactions while awaiting the granting of the relief requested in individual applications with respect to each Co-Investment Transaction that arises in the future and (ii) enable the Regulated Funds and the Affiliated Funds to avoid the significant legal and other expenses that would be incurred in preparing such individual applications.

 

Similar to the standard precedent used for the majority of co-investment applications (collectively, the “Standard Precedent”), Applicants seek relief that would permit Co-Investment Transactions in the form of initial investments, Follow-On Investments and Dispositions of investments in an issuer. In these cases, the terms and Conditions of this Application would govern the entire lifecycle of an investment with respect to a particular issuer, including both the initial investment and any subsequent transactions. Unlike the Standard Precedent, Applicants also seek the ability to make Follow-On Investments and Dispositions in issuers where the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds did not make their initial investments in reliance on the Order. Applicants seek this flexibility because the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may, at times, invest in the same issuer without engaging in a prohibited joint transaction but then find that subsequent transactions with that issuer would be prohibited under the Act. Through the proposed “onboarding process,” discussed below, Applicants would, under certain circumstances, be permitted to rely on the Order to complete subsequent Co-Investment Transactions. In section III.1.a below, Applicants first discuss the overall investment process that would apply to initial investments under the Order, as well as subsequent transactions with issuers. In sections III.1.c and III.1.d, Applicants discuss additional procedures that apply to Follow-On Investments and Dispositions, including the onboarding process that applies when initial investments were made without reliance on the Order.

 

1.Overview

 

As of December 31, 2020, Redwood had approximately $9.4 billion of regulatory assets under management. Redwood manages the assets entrusted to it by its clients in accordance with its fiduciary duty to those clients and, in the case of RBDC once its BDC election is made, the Act.

 

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The Adviser will be presented with investment opportunities on behalf of its clients and must determine how to allocate those opportunities in a manner that is, over time, fair and equitable to all of its clients and, following the BDC election by RBDC, does not violate the prohibitions on joint transactions included in Rule 17d-1 and Section 57(a)(4). Such investment opportunities may be joint transactions such that the Adviser may not include a Regulated Fund in the allocation if another Regulated Fund and/or any Affiliated Fund is participating. Once invested in a security, the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds will often have the opportunity to either complete an additional investment in the same issuer or exit the investment in a transaction that may be a joint transaction. If a Regulated Fund and one or more Affiliated Funds were to be invested in an issuer, such funds may not participate in a Follow-On Investment or exit the investment if the terms of the transaction would be a prohibited joint transaction.

 

As a result, the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds will be limited in the types of transactions in which they can participate with each other, and the Regulated Funds could be required to forego transactions that would be beneficial to investors in the Regulated Funds. Thus, Applicants are seeking the relief requested by this Application for certain initial investments, Follow-On Investments and Dispositions as described below.

 

Applicants discuss the need for the requested relief in greater detail in section III.3 below.

 

The Adviser has established rigorous processes for allocating initial investment opportunities, opportunities for subsequent investments in an issuer and dispositions of securities holdings reasonably designed to treat all clients fairly and equitably. As discussed below, these processes will be extended and modified in a manner reasonably designed to ensure that the additional transactions permitted under the Order will both (1) be fair and equitable to the Regulated Funds and the Affiliated Funds and (2) comply with the Conditions contained in the Order.

 

a.The Investment Process

 

The investment process consists of three stages: (1) the identification and consideration of investment opportunities (including opportunities for Follow-On Investments); (2) order placement and allocation; and (3) consideration by each applicable Regulated Fund’s Board when a Potential Co-Investment Transaction is being considered by one or more Regulated Funds, as provided by the Order.

 

i.Identification and Consideration of Investment Opportunities

 

Opportunities for Potential Co-Investment Transactions may arise when investment advisory personnel of an Adviser become aware of investment opportunities that may be appropriate for one or more Regulated Funds and one or more Affiliated Funds. If the requested Order is granted, the Adviser will establish, maintain and implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that, when such opportunities arise, the Adviser to the relevant Regulated Funds is promptly notified and receive the same information about the opportunity as any other Advisers considering the opportunity for their clients. In particular, consistent with Condition 1, if a Potential Co-Investment Transaction falls within the then-current Objectives and Strategies and any Board-Established Criteria of a Regulated Fund, the policies and procedures will require that the Adviser to such Regulated Fund receives sufficient information to allow such Adviser’s investment advisory personnel to make an independent determination and recommendations under Conditions 1, 2(a), 6, 7, 8 and 9 (as applicable).7 In addition, the policies and procedures will specify the individuals or roles responsible for carrying out the policies and procedures, including ensuring that the Adviser receives such information. After receiving notification of a Potential Co-Investment Transaction under Condition 1(a), the Adviser to each applicable Regulated Fund will then make an independent determination of the appropriateness of the investment for the Regulated Fund in light of the Regulated Fund’s then-current circumstances.

 

 

7 Representatives from each Adviser to a Regulated Fund will be entitled to participate in each meeting of investment advisory personnel, including of any investment committee, that is expected to approve or reject recommended investment opportunities falling within its Regulated Funds’ Objectives and Strategies and Board-Established Criteria. Accordingly, the policies and procedures may provide, for example, that the Adviser will receive the information required under Condition 1 in conjunction with its representatives’ participation in such meetings.

 

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Applicants represent that, if the requested Order is granted, the investment advisory personnel of the Adviser to the Regulated Funds will be charged with making sure they identify, and participate in this process with respect to, each investment opportunity that falls within the Objectives and Strategies and Board-Established Criteria of each Regulated Fund. Applicants assert that the Adviser’s allocation policies and procedures will be structured so that the relevant investment advisory personnel for each Regulated Fund will be promptly notified of all Potential Co-Investment Transactions that fall within the then-current Objectives and Strategies and Board-Established Criteria of such Regulated Fund.

 

ii.Order Placement and Allocation

 

General. If the Adviser to a Regulated Fund deems the Regulated Fund’s participation in any Potential Co-Investment Transaction to be appropriate, it will formulate a recommendation regarding the proposed order amount for the Regulated Fund. In doing so, the Adviser may consider such factors, among others, as the Regulated Fund’s target return, investment size, available capital, applicable diversification criteria, concentration, investment objectives and mandates (including number and size of investments based on communications with the client on the topic), asset class, geography, currency, industry, timing of investment, expected investment pipeline, whether the investment represents a follow-on investment, and various legal, tax and regulatory considerations.

 

Allocation Procedure. For each Regulated Fund and Affiliated Fund whose Adviser recommends participating in a Potential Co-Investment Transaction, such Adviser's investment advisory personnel will approve the investment and the investment amount. Prior to the External Submission (as defined below), each proposed order or investment amount may be reviewed and adjusted, in accordance with the applicable Adviser’s written allocation policies and procedures, by the Adviser’s investment advisory personnel.8 The order of a Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund resulting from this process is referred to as its “Internal Order.” The final Internal Order with respect to any Regulated Fund will be submitted for approval by the Required Majority of such participating Regulated Fund(s) in accordance with the Conditions and as discussed in section III.1.a.iii below.

 

If the aggregate Internal Orders for a Potential Co-Investment Transaction do not exceed the size of the investment opportunity immediately prior to the submission of the orders to the underwriter, broker, dealer or issuer, as applicable (the “External Submission”), then each Internal Order will be fulfilled as placed. If, on the other hand, the aggregate Internal Orders for a Potential Co-Investment Transaction exceed the size of the investment opportunity immediately prior to the External Submission, then the allocation of the opportunity will be made pro rata on the basis of the size of the Internal Orders.9

 

If, subsequent to such External Submission, the size of the opportunity is increased or decreased, or if the terms of such opportunity, or the facts and circumstances applicable to the Regulated Funds’ or the Affiliated Funds’ consideration of the opportunity, change, the participants will be permitted to submit revised Internal Orders in accordance with written allocation policies and procedures that the Adviser will establish, implement and maintain. The Board of the Regulated Fund will then either approve or disapprove of the investment opportunity in accordance with Condition 2, 6, 7, 8 or 9, as applicable.

 

 
8 The reason for any such adjustment to a proposed order will be documented in writing and preserved in the records of each Adviser.

 

9 The Adviser will maintain records of all proposed order amounts, Internal Orders and External Submissions in conjunction with Potential Co-Investment Transactions. Each applicable Adviser will provide the Eligible Directors with information concerning the Affiliated Funds’ and Regulated Funds’ order sizes to assist the Eligible Directors with their review of the applicable Regulated Fund’s investments for compliance with the Conditions.

 

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Compliance. Applicants represent that the Adviser’s allocation review process is a robust process designed as part of their overall compliance policies and procedures to ensure that every client is treated fairly and that the Adviser is following its allocation policies. The entire allocation process is monitored and reviewed by the Adviser’s legal and compliance team, led by its chief legal officer and chief compliance officer and approved by the Board of each Regulated Fund.

 

iii.Approval of Potential Co-Investment Transactions

 

A Regulated Fund will enter into a Potential Co-Investment Transaction with one or more other Regulated Funds and/or Affiliated Funds only if, prior to the Regulated Fund’s participation in the Potential Co-Investment Transaction, the Required Majority approves it in accordance with the Conditions of this Order.

 

A Regulated Fund may participate in Pro Rata Dispositions (as defined below) and Pro Rata Follow-On Investments (as defined below) without obtaining prior approval of the Required Majority in accordance with Conditions 6(c)(i) and 8(b)(i).

 

b.Delayed Settlement

 

All Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds participating in a Co-Investment Transaction will invest at the same time, for the same price and with the same terms, conditions, class, registration rights and any other rights so that none of them receives terms more favorable than any other. However, the settlement date for an Affiliated Fund in a Co-Investment Transaction may occur up to ten business days after the settlement date for the Regulated Fund, and vice versa. Nevertheless, in all cases, (i) the date on which the commitment of the Affiliated Funds and Regulated Funds is made will be the same even where the settlement date is not and (ii) the earliest settlement date and the latest settlement date of any Affiliated Fund or Regulated Fund participating in the transaction will occur within ten business days of each other.

 

c.Permitted Follow-On Investments and Approval of Follow-On Investments

 

From time to time, the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may have opportunities to make Follow-On Investments in an issuer in which a Regulated Fund and one or more other Regulated Funds and/or Affiliated Funds previously have invested and continue to hold an investment. If the Order is granted, Follow-On Investments will be made in a manner that is, over time, fair and equitable to all of the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds and in accordance with the proposed procedures discussed above and with the Conditions of the Order.

 

The Order would divide Follow-On Investments into two categories depending on whether the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds holding investments in an issuer previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer and continue to hold any securities acquired in a Co-Investment Transaction for that issuer. If such Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds have previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer, then the terms and approval of the Follow-On Investment would be subject to the process discussed in section III.1.c.i below and governed by Condition 8. These Follow-On Investments are referred to as “Standard Review Follow-Ons.” If such Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds have not previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer, then the terms and approval of the Follow-On Investment would be subject to the “onboarding process” discussed in section III.1.c.ii below and governed by Condition 9. These Follow-On Investments are referred to as “Enhanced Review Follow-Ons.”

 

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i.Standard Review Follow-Ons

 

A Regulated Fund may invest in Standard Review Follow-Ons either with the approval of the Required Majority using the procedures required under Condition 8(c) or, where certain additional requirements are met, without Board approval under Condition 8(b).

 

A Regulated Fund may participate in a Standard Review Follow-On without obtaining the prior approval of the Required Majority if it is (i) a Pro Rata Follow-On Investment or (ii) a Non-Negotiated Follow-On Investment.

 

A “Pro Rata Follow-On Investment” is a Follow-On Investment in which (i) the participation of each Affiliated Fund and each Regulated Fund is proportionate to its outstanding investments in the issuer or security, as appropriate,10 immediately preceding the Follow-On Investment and (ii) in the case of a Regulated Fund, a majority of the Board has approved the Regulated Fund’s participation in the pro rata Follow-On Investments as being in the best interests of the Regulated Fund. The Regulated Fund’s Board may refuse to approve, or at any time rescind, suspend or qualify, their approval of Pro Rata Follow-On Investments, in which case all subsequent Follow-On Investments will be submitted to the Regulated Fund’s Eligible Directors in accordance with Condition 8(c).

 

A “Non-Negotiated Follow-On Investment” is a Follow-On Investment in which a Regulated Fund participates together with one or more Affiliated Funds and/or one or more other Regulated Funds (i) in which the only term negotiated by or on behalf of the funds is price and (ii) with respect to which, if the transaction were considered on its own, the funds would be entitled to rely on one of the JT No-Action Letters.

 

Applicants believe that these Pro Rata Follow-On Investments and Non-Negotiated Follow-On Investments do not present a significant opportunity for overreaching on the part of any Adviser and thus do not warrant the time or attention of the Board. Pro Rata Follow-On Investments and Non-Negotiated Follow-On Investments remain subject to the Board’s periodic review in accordance with Condition 10.

 

ii.Enhanced Review Follow-Ons

 

One or more Regulated Funds and/or one or more Affiliated Funds holding Pre-Boarding Investments may have the opportunity to make a Follow-On Investment that is a Potential Co-Investment Transaction in an issuer with respect to which they have not previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction. In these cases, the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may rely on the Order to make such Follow-On Investment subject to the requirements of Condition 9. These enhanced review requirements constitute an “onboarding process” whereby Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may utilize the Order to participate in Co-Investment Transactions even though they already hold Pre-Boarding Investments. For a given issuer, the participating Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds must comply with these requirements only for the first Co-Investment Transaction. Subsequent Co-Investment Transactions with respect to the issuer will be governed by Condition 8 under the standard review process.

 

 

10 See note 32, below.

 

10

 

 

d.Dispositions

 

The Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may be presented with opportunities to sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of securities in a transaction that would be prohibited by Rule 17d-1 or Section 57(a)(4), as applicable. If the Order is granted, such Dispositions will be made in a manner that is, over time, fair and equitable to all of the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds and in accordance with procedures set forth in the proposed Conditions to the Order and discussed below.

 

The Order would divide these Dispositions into two categories: (i) if the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds holding investments in an issuer have previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer and continue to hold any securities acquired in a Co-Investment Transaction for such issuer, then the terms and approval of the Disposition (hereinafter referred to as “Standard Review Dispositions”) would be subject to the process discussed in section III.1.d.i below and governed by Condition 6; and (ii) if the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds have not previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer, then the terms and approval of the Disposition (hereinafter referred to as “Enhanced Review Dispositions”) would be subject to the same “onboarding process” discussed in section III.1.d.ii below and governed by Condition 7.

 

i.Standard Review Dispositions

 

A Regulated Fund may participate in a Standard Review Disposition either with the approval of the Required Majority using the standard procedures required under Condition 6(d) or without obtaining the prior approval of the Required Majority if (i) the Disposition is a Pro Rata Disposition and meets the other requirements of Condition 6(c)(i) or (ii) the securities are Tradable Securities and the Disposition meets the other requirements of Condition 6(c)(ii).

 

A “Pro Rata Disposition” is a Disposition in which (i) the participation of each Affiliated Fund and each Regulated Fund is proportionate to its outstanding investment in the security subject to Disposition immediately preceding the Disposition;11 and (ii), in the case of a Regulated Fund, a majority of the Board has approved the Regulated Fund’s participation in pro rata Dispositions as being in the best interests of the Regulated Fund. The Regulated Fund’s Board may refuse to approve, or at any time rescind, suspend or qualify, their approval of Pro Rata Dispositions, in which case all subsequent Dispositions will be submitted to the Regulated Fund’s Eligible Directors.

 

In the case of a Tradable Security, approval of the Required Majority is not required for a Disposition if: (x) the Disposition is not to the issuer or any affiliated person of the issuer;12 and (y) the security is sold for cash in a transaction in which the only term negotiated by or on behalf of the participating Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds is price. Pro Rata Dispositions and Dispositions of a Tradable Security remain subject to the Board’s periodic review in accordance with Condition 10.

 

 

11 See note 30, below.

 

12 In the case of a Tradable Security, Dispositions to the issuer or an affiliated person of the issuer are not permitted so that funds participating in the Disposition do not benefit to the detriment of Regulated Funds that remain invested in the issuer. For example, if a Disposition of a Tradable Security were permitted to be made to the issuer, the issuer may be reducing its short term assets (i.e., cash) to pay down long-term liabilities.

 

11

 

 

ii.Enhanced Review Dispositions

 

One or more Regulated Funds and one or more Affiliated Funds that have not previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to an issuer may have the opportunity to make a Disposition of Pre-Boarding Investments in a Potential Co-Investment Transaction. In these cases, the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may rely on the Order to make such Disposition subject to the requirements of Condition 7. As discussed above, with respect to investment in a given issuer, the participating Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds need only complete the onboarding process for the first Co-Investment Transaction, which may be an Enhanced Review Follow-On or an Enhanced Review Disposition.13 Subsequent Co-Investment Transactions with respect to the issuer will be governed by Condition 6 or 8 under the standard review process.

 

e.Use of Wholly-Owned Investment Subs

 

A Regulated Fund may, from time to time, form one or more Wholly-Owned Investment Subs. Such a subsidiary may be prohibited from investing in a Co-Investment Transaction with a Regulated Fund (other than its parent) or any Affiliated Fund because it would be a company controlled by its parent Regulated Fund for purposes of Section 57(a)(4) and Rule 17d-1. Applicants request that each Wholly-Owned Investment Sub be permitted to participate in Co-Investment Transactions in lieu of the Regulated Fund that owns it and that the Wholly-Owned Investment Sub’s participation in any such transaction be treated, for purposes of the Order, as though the parent Regulated Fund were participating directly.

 

Applicants represent that this treatment is justified because a Wholly-Owned Investment Sub would have no purpose other than serving as a holding vehicle for the Regulated Fund’s investments, and, therefore, no conflicts of interest could arise between the parent Regulated Fund and the Wholly-Owned Investment Sub. The Board of the parent Regulated Fund would make all relevant determinations under the Conditions with regard to a Wholly-Owned Investment Sub’s participation in a Co-Investment Transaction, and the Board would be informed of, and take into consideration, any proposed use of a Wholly-Owned Investment Sub in the Regulated Fund’s place. If the parent Regulated Fund proposes to participate in the same Co-Investment Transaction with any of its Wholly-Owned Investment Subs, the Board of the parent Regulated Fund will also be informed of, and take into consideration, the relative participation of the Regulated Fund and the Wholly-Owned Investment Sub.

 

2.Applicable Law

 

a.Section 17(d) and Section 57(a)(4)

 

Section 17(d) generally prohibits an “affiliated person” (as defined in Section 2(a)(3)), or an affiliated person of such affiliated person, of a registered investment company, acting as principal, from effecting any transaction in which the registered investment company is a joint or a joint and several participant in contravention of such rules as the Commission may prescribe for the purpose of limiting or preventing participation by the registered investment company on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of such other participant.

 

 

13 However, with respect to an issuer, if a Regulated Fund’s first Co-Investment Transaction is an Enhanced Review Disposition and the Regulated Fund does not dispose of its entire position in the Enhanced Review Disposition, then before such Regulated Fund may complete its first Standard Review Follow-On in such issuer, the Eligible Directors must review the proposed Follow-On Investment not only on a stand-alone basis but also in relation to the total economic exposure in such issuer (i.e., in combination with the portion of the Pre-Boarding Investment not disposed of in the Enhanced Review Disposition) and the other terms of the investments. This additional review is required because such findings were not required in connection with the prior Enhanced Review Disposition but they would have been required had the first Co-Investment Transaction been an Enhanced Review Follow-On.

 

12

 

 

Similarly, with regard to BDCs, Section 57(a)(4) prohibits certain persons specified in Section 57(b) from participating in a joint transaction with the BDC, or a company controlled by the BDC, in contravention of rules as prescribed by the Commission. In particular, Section 57(a)(4) applies to:

 

·any director, officer, employee, or member of an advisory board of a BDC or any person (other than the BDC itself) who is an affiliated person of the foregoing pursuant to Section 2(a)(3)(C); or

 

· any investment adviser or promoter of, general partner in, principal underwriter for, or person directly or indirectly either controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, a BDC (except the BDC itself and any person who, if it were not directly or indirectly controlled by the BDC, would not be directly or indirectly under the control of a person who controls the BDC)14; or any person who is an “affiliated person” of any of the foregoing within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3)(C) or (D).

 

Section 2(a)(3)(C) defines an “affiliated person” of another person to include any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other person. Section 2(a)(3)(D) defines “any officer, director, partner, copartner, or employee” of an affiliated person as an affiliated person. Section 2(a)(9) defines “control” as the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with that company. Under Section 2(a)(9), a person who beneficially owns, either directly or through one or more controlled companies, more than 25% of the voting securities of a company is presumed to control such company. The Commission and its staff have indicated on a number of occasions their belief that an investment adviser that provides discretionary investment management services to a fund and that sponsored, selected the initial directors and provides administrative or other non-advisory services to the fund, controls such fund, absent compelling evidence to the contrary.15

 

b.Rule 17d-1

 

Rule 17d-1 generally prohibits an “affiliated person” (as defined in Section 2(a)(3)), or an affiliated person of such affiliated person, of a registered investment company, acting as principal, from effecting any transaction in which the registered investment company, or a company controlled by such registered company, is a joint or a joint and several participant in contravention of such rules as the Commission may prescribe for the purpose of limiting or preventing participation by the registered investment company on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of such first- or second-tier affiliate. Rule 17d-1 generally prohibits participation by a registered investment company and an “affiliated person” (as defined in Section 2(a)(3)) or principal underwriter for that investment company, or an affiliated person of such affiliated person or principal underwriter, in any “joint enterprise or other joint arrangement or profit-sharing plan,” as defined in such rule, without prior approval by the Commission by order upon application.

 

 
14 Also excluded from this category by Rule 57b-1 is any person who would otherwise be included solely because (a) that person is directly or indirectly controlled by a business development company or (b) that person is, within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3)(C) or (D), an “affiliated person” of a person described in (a) above.

 

15 See, e.g., SEC Rel. No. IC-4697 (Sept. 8, 1966) (“For purposes of Section 2(a)(3)(C), affiliation based upon control would depend on the facts of the given situation, including such factors as extensive interlocks of officers, directors or key personnel, common investment advisers or underwriters, etc.”); Lazard Freres Asset Management, SEC No-Action Letter (pub. avail. Jan. 10, 1997) (“While, in some circumstances, the nature of an advisory relationship may give an adviser control over its client’s management or policies, whether an investment company and another entity are under common control is a factual question…”).

 

13

 

 

Rule 17d-1 was promulgated by the Commission pursuant to Section 17(d) and made applicable to persons subject to Sections 57(a) and (d) by Section 57(i) to the extent specified therein. Section 57(i) provides that, until the Commission prescribes rules under Sections 57(a) and (d), the Commission’s rules under Section 17(d) applicable to registered closed-end investment companies will be deemed to apply to persons subject to the prohibitions of Section 57(a) or (d). Because the Commission has not adopted any rules under Section 57(a) or (d), Rule 17d-1 applies to persons subject to the prohibitions of Section 57(a) or (d).

 

Applicants seek relief pursuant to Rule 17d-1, which permits the Commission to authorize joint transactions upon application. In passing upon applications filed pursuant to Rule 17d-1, the Commission is directed by Rule 17d-1(b) to consider whether the participation of a registered investment company or controlled company thereof in the joint enterprise or joint arrangement under scrutiny is consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the Act and the extent to which such participation is on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of other participants.

 

The Commission has stated that Section 17(d), upon which Rule 17d-1 is based and Section 57(a)(4) was modeled, was designed to protect investment companies from self-dealing and overreaching by insiders. The Commission has also taken notice that there may be transactions subject to these prohibitions that do not present the dangers of overreaching.16 The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has enunciated a like rationale for the purpose behind Section 17(d): “The objective of [Section] 17(d)…is to prevent…injuring the interest of stockholders of registered investment companies by causing the company to participate on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of such other participants.”17 Furthermore, the U.S. Congress acknowledged that the protective system established by the enactment of Section 57 is “similar to that applicable to registered investment companies under Section 17, and rules thereunder, but is modified to address concerns relating to unique characteristics presented by business development companies.”18

 

Applicants believe that the Conditions would ensure that the conflicts of interest that Section 17(d) and Section 57(a)(4) were designed to prevent would be addressed and the standards for an order under Rule 17d-1 and Section 57(i) would be met.

 

3.Need for Relief

 

Co-Investment Transactions are prohibited by either or both of Rule 17d-1 and Section 57(a)(4) without a prior exemptive order of the Commission to the extent that the Affiliated Funds and the Regulated Funds participating in such transactions fall within the category of persons described by Rule 17d-1 and/or Section 57(b), as modified by Rule 57b-1 thereunder, as applicable, vis-à-vis each participating Regulated Fund.

 

 

16 See Protecting Investors: A Half-Century of Investment Company Regulation, 1504 Fed. Sec. L. Rep., Extra Edition (May 29, 1992) at 488 et seq.

 

17 Securities and Exchange Commission v. Talley Industries, Inc., 399 F.2d 396, 405 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 1015 (1969).

 

18 H.Rep. No. 96-1341, 96th Cong., 2d Sess. 45 (1980) reprinted in 1980 U.S.C.C.A.N. 4827.

 

14

 

 

Each of the participating Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds may be deemed to be “affiliated persons” vis-à-vis a Regulated Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3) by reason of common control because (i) Redwood manages, and may be deemed to control, each of the Existing Affiliated Funds and any other Affiliated Fund will be managed by, and may be deemed to be controlled by, an Adviser to Affiliated Funds; (ii) Redwood serves as investment adviser to, and may be deemed to control, RBDC, and an Adviser to Regulated Funds will be the investment adviser (or sub-adviser, if any) to, and may be deemed to control, any Future Regulated Fund; and (iii) the Adviser to Regulated Funds and the Adviser to Affiliated Funds will be under common control. Thus, each of the Affiliated Funds could be deemed to be a person related to the Regulated Funds in a manner described by Section 57(b) and related to the other Regulated Funds in a manner described by Rule 17d-1; and, therefore, the prohibitions of Rule 17d-1 and Section 57(a)(4) would apply respectively to prohibit the Affiliated Funds from participating in Co-Investment Transactions with the Regulated Funds.

 

In addition, because the Redwood Proprietary Accounts are controlled an Adviser and, therefore, under common control with RBDC, any Future Regulated Funds, the Redwood Proprietary Accounts could be deemed to be persons related to the Regulated Funds (or a company controlled by the Regulated Funds) in a manner described by Section 57(b) and also prohibited from participating in the Co-Investment Program.

 

In addition, because the Redwood Proprietary Accounts are controlled by an Adviser and, therefore, may be under common control with Redwood and any Future Regulated Funds, the Redwood Proprietary Accounts could be deemed to be persons related to the Regulated Funds in a manner described by Section 57(b) and also prohibited from participating in the Co-Investment Program.

 

15

 

 

4.Precedents

 

The Commission has issued numerous exemptive orders under the Act permitting registered investment companies and BDCs to co-invest with affiliated persons.19 Although the various precedents involved somewhat different formulae, the Commission has accepted as a basis for relief from the prohibitions on joint transactions the use of allocation and approval procedures to protect the interests of investors in the BDCs and registered investment companies. Applicants submit that the allocation procedures set forth in the Conditions for relief are consistent with and expand the range of investor protections found in the precedent orders cited in this Application.

 

Applicants believe that the relief requested herein is consistent with the policy underlying the applications of New Mountain Finance Corporation and its affiliates, for which an order was issued on October 8, 2019,20 Stellus Capital Investment Corporation and its affiliates, for which an order was issued on December 4, 2019,21 Ares Capital Corporation and its affiliates, for which an order was issued on January 18, 2017,22 Apollo Investment Corporation and its affiliates, for which an order was granted on March 29, 2016,23 and Oaktree Strategic Income, LLC and its affiliates, for which an order was granted on October 18, 2017,24 as well as co-investment relief granted by the Commission to other BDCs and to registered closed-end funds.

 

The Commission also has issued orders extending co-investment relief to proprietary accounts.25

 

IV.            STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF RELIEF REQUESTED

 

In accordance with Rule 17d-1 (made applicable to transactions subject to Section 57(a) by Section 57(i)), the Commission may grant the requested relief as to any particular joint transaction if it finds that the participation of the Regulated Funds in the joint transaction is consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the Act and is not on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of other participants. Applicants submit that allowing the Co-Investment Transactions described in this Application is justified on the basis of (i) the potential benefits to the Regulated Funds and the stockholders thereof and (ii) the protections found in the Conditions.

 

 

19 See, e.g., Rand Capital Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-15174) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34218 (March 1, 2021) (notice) and 34237 (March 29, 2021) (order); Star Mountain Credit Opportunities Fund, LP, et al. (File No. 812-15120) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34202 (February 23, 2021) (notice) and 34228 (March 23, 2021) (order); Muzinich BDC, Inc., et al. (File No. 812-15086) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34186 (February 2, 2021) (notice) and 34219 (March 2, 2021) (order); Palmer Square Capital BDC Inc., et al. (File No. 812-15113) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34139 (December 14, 2020) (notice) and 34167 (January 8, 2021) (order); KKR Income Opportunities Fund, et al. (File No. 812-14951) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34138 (December 11, 2020) (notice) and 34164 (January 5, 2021) (order); Main Street Capital Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-14979) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34103 (November 23, 2020) (notice) and 34146 (December 21, 2020) (order); Oaktree Strategic Income II, Inc., et al. (File No. 812-15156) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 34099 (November 18, 2020) (notice) and 34141 (December 15, 2020) (order); Morgan Stanley Direct Lending Fund, et al. (File No. 812-15057) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33958A (August 28, 2020) (notice) and 34016 (September 18, 2020) (order); Runway Growth Credit Fund, Inc., et al. (File No. 812-15105) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33925 (July 13, 2020) (notice) and 33967 (August 10, 2020) (order); OFS Capital Corp., et al. (File No. 812-14909) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33922 (July 8, 2020) (notice) and 33962 (August 4, 2020) (order); Varagon Capital Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-15059) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33867 (May 18, 2020) (notice) and 33892 (June 15, 2020) (order); Great Elm Capital Corp., et al. (File No. 812-15019) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33839 (April 15, 2020) (notice) and 33864 (May 12, 2020) (order); Kayne Anderson MLP/Midstream Investment Company, et al. (File No. 812-14940) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33742 (January 8, 2020) (notice) and 33798 (February 4, 2020) (order); Prospect Capital Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-14977) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33716 (December 16, 2019) (notice) and 33798 (January 13, 2020) (order); John Hancock GA Mortgage Trust, et al. (File No. 812-14917) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33493 (May 28, 2019) (notice) and 33518 (June 25, 2019) (order); BlackRock Capital Investment Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-14955) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33480 (May 21, 2019) (notice) and 33515 (June 20, 2019) (order); Nuveen Churchill BDC LLC, et al. (File No. 812-14898) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33475 (May 15, 2019) (notice) and 33503 (June 7, 2019) (order); Pharos Capital BDC, Inc., et al., (File No. 812-14891) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33372 (February 8, 2019) (notice) and 33394 (March 11, 2019) (order); Blackstone Real Estate Income Fund, et al. (File No. 812-14931) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33271 (October 16, 2018) (notice) and 33294 (November 13, 2018) (order); Audax Credit BDC Inc., et al. (File No. 812-14862) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33270 (October 12, 2018) (notice) and 33290 (November 7, 2018) (order); BC Partners Lending Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-14860) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33256 (September 26, 2018) (notice) and 33279 (October 23, 2018) (order); THL Credit, Inc., et al. (File No. 812-14807) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33213 (August 24, 2018) (notice) and 33239 (September 19, 2018) (order).

 

20 New Mountain Finance Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-15030) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33624 (September 12, 2019) (notice) and 33656 (October 8, 2019) (order).

 

21 Stellus Capital Investment Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-14855) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 33289 (November 6, 2018) (notice) and 33316 (December 4, 2018) (order).

 

22 Ares Capital Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-13603) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 32399 (December 21, 2016) (notice) and 32427 (January 18, 2017) (order).

 

23 Apollo Investment Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-13754) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 32019 (March 2, 2016) (notice) and 32057 (March 29, 2016) (order).

 

24 Oaktree Strategic Income, LLC, et al. (File No. 812-14758) Investment Company Act Rel. Nos. 32831 (September 22, 2017) (notice) and 32862 (October 18, 2017) (order).

 

25 See, e.g., New Mountain Finance Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-15030) Release No. IC-33624 (September 12, 2019) (notice), Release No. IC-33656 (October 8, 2019) (order); John Hancock GA Mortgage Trust, et al. (File No. 812-14917) Release No. IC-33493 (May 28, 2019) (notice), Release No. IC-33518 (June 25, 2019) (order); Stellus Capital Investment Corporation, et al. (File No. 812-14855) Release No. IC-33289 (November 6, 2018) (notice), Release No. IC-33316 (December 4, 2018) (order); THL Credit, Inc., et al. (File No. 812-14807) Release No. IC-33213 (August 24, 2018) (notice) and 33239 (September 19, 2018) (order); Thrivent Financial for Lutherans, et al. (File No. 812- 14838) Release No. IC-33197(August 9, 2018) (notice) and 33217 (September 5, 2018) (order).

 

16

 

 

As required by Rule 17d-1(b), the Conditions ensure that the terms on which Co-Investment Transactions may be made will be consistent with the participation of the Regulated Funds being on a basis that it is neither different from nor less advantageous than other participants, thus protecting the equity holders of any participant from being disadvantaged. The Conditions ensure that all Co-Investment Transactions are reasonable and fair to the Regulated Funds and their stockholders and do not involve overreaching by any person concerned, including the Adviser.

 

1.Potential Benefits

 

In the absence of the relief sought hereby, in many circumstances the Regulated Funds would be limited in their ability to participate in attractive and appropriate investment opportunities. Section 17(d), Section 57(a)(4) and Rule 17d-1 should not prevent BDCs and registered closed-end investment companies from making investments that are in the best interests of their stockholders.

 

Each Regulated Fund and its stockholders will benefit from the ability to participate in Co-Investment Transactions. The Board, including the Required Majority, of each Regulated Fund has determined that it is in the best interests of the Regulated Fund to participate in Co-Investment Transactions because, among other matters, (i) the Regulated Fund should be able to participate in a larger number and greater variety of transactions; (ii) the Regulated Fund should be able to participate in larger transactions; (iii) the Regulated Fund should be able to participate in all opportunities approved by a Required Majority or otherwise permissible under the Order rather than risk underperformance through rotational allocation of opportunities among the Regulated Funds; (iv) the Regulated Fund and any other Regulated Funds participating in the proposed investment should have greater bargaining power, more control over the investment and less need to bring in other external investors or structure investments to satisfy the different needs of external investors; (v) the Regulated Fund should be able to obtain greater attention and better deal flow from investment bankers and others who act as sources of investments; and (vi) the Conditions are reasonable and fair to the Regulated Funds and their stockholders.

 

2.Protective Representations and Conditions

 

The Conditions ensure that the proposed Co-Investment Transactions are consistent with the protection of each Regulated Fund’s stockholders and with the purposes intended by the policies and provisions of the Act. Specifically, the Conditions incorporate the following critical protections: (i) all Regulated Funds participating in the Co-Investment Transactions will invest at the same time (except that, subject to the limitations in the Conditions, the settlement date for an Affiliated Fund in a Co-Investment Transaction may occur up to ten business days after the settlement date for the Regulated Fund, and vice versa), for the same price and with the same terms, conditions, class, registration rights and any other rights, so that none of them receives terms more favorable than any other; (ii) a Required Majority of each Regulated Fund must approve various investment decisions (not including transactions completed on a pro rata basis pursuant to Conditions 6(c)(i) and 8(b)(i) or otherwise not requiring Board approval) with respect to such Regulated Fund in accordance with the Conditions; and (iii) the Regulated Funds are required to retain and maintain certain records.

 

Applicants believe that participation by the Regulated Funds in Pro Rata Follow-On Investments and Pro Rata Dispositions, as provided in Conditions 6(c)(i) and 8(b)(i), is consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the Act and will not be made on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of other participants. A formulaic approach, such as pro rata investment or disposition eliminates the possibility for overreaching and unnecessary prior review by the Board. Applicants note that the Commission has adopted a similar pro rata approach in the context of Rule 23c-2, which relates to the redemption by a closed-end investment company of less than all of a class of its securities, indicating the general fairness and lack of overreaching that a pro rata approach provides.

 

17

 

 

Applicants also believe that the participation by the Regulated Funds in Non-Negotiated Follow-On Investments and in Dispositions of Tradable Securities without the approval of a Required Majority is consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the Act as there is no opportunity for overreaching by affiliates.

 

If an Adviser, its principals, or any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser or its principals, and the Affiliated Funds (collectively, the “Holders”) own in the aggregate more than 25 percent of the outstanding voting shares of a Regulated Fund (the “Shares”), then the Holders will vote such Shares as required under Condition 15.

 

In sum, Applicants believe that the Conditions would ensure that each Regulated Fund that participates in any type of Co-Investment Transaction does not participate on a basis different from, or less advantageous than, that of such other participants for purposes of Section 17(d) or Section 57(a)(4) and the rules under the Act. As a result, Applicants believe that the participation of the Regulated Funds in Co-Investment Transactions in accordance with the Conditions would be consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the Act and would be done in a manner such that each Regulated Fund’s participation is not different from, or less advantageous than, that of the other participants.

 

V.            CONDITIONS

 

Applicants agree that any Order granting the requested relief shall be subject to the following Conditions:

 

1.Identification and Referral of Potential Co-Investment Transactions

 

a.The Adviser will establish, maintain and implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that each Adviser is promptly notified of all Potential Co-Investment Transactions that fall within the then-current Objectives and Strategies and Board-Established Criteria of any Regulated Fund the Adviser manages.

 

b.When an Adviser to a Regulated Fund is notified of a Potential Co-Investment Transaction under Condition 1(a), the Adviser will make an independent determination of the appropriateness of the investment for the Regulated Fund in light of the Regulated Fund’s then-current circumstances.

 

2.Board Approvals of Co-Investment Transactions

 

a.If the Adviser deems a Regulated Fund’s participation in any Potential Co-Investment Transaction to be appropriate for the Regulated Fund, it will then determine an appropriate level of investment for the Regulated Fund.

 

b.If the aggregate amount recommended by the Adviser to be invested in the Potential Co-Investment Transaction by the participating Regulated Funds and any participating Affiliated Funds, collectively, exceeds the amount of the investment opportunity, the investment opportunity will be allocated among them pro rata based on the size of the Internal Orders, as described in section III.1.a.ii above. Each Adviser to a participating Regulated Fund will promptly notify and provide the Eligible Directors with information concerning the Affiliated Funds’ and Regulated Funds’ order sizes to assist the Eligible Directors with their review of the applicable Regulated Fund’s investments for compliance with these Conditions.

 

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c.After making the determinations required in Condition 1(b), each Adviser to a participating Regulated Fund will distribute written information concerning the Potential Co-Investment Transaction (including the amount proposed to be invested by each participating Regulated Fund and each participating Affiliated Fund) to the Eligible Directors of its participating Regulated Fund(s) for their consideration. A Regulated Fund will enter into a Co-Investment Transaction with one or more other Regulated Funds or Affiliated Funds only if, prior to the Regulated Fund’s participation in the Potential Co-Investment Transaction, a Required Majority concludes that:

 

i.the terms of the transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to the Regulated Fund and its equity holders and do not involve overreaching in respect of the Regulated Fund or its equity holders on the part of any person concerned;

 

ii.the transaction is consistent with:

 

A.the interests of the Regulated Fund’s equity holders; and

 

B.the Regulated Fund’s then-current Objectives and Strategies;

 

iii.the investment by any other Regulated Fund(s) or Affiliated Fund(s) would not disadvantage the Regulated Fund, and participation by the Regulated Fund would not be on a basis different from, or less advantageous than, that of any other Regulated Fund(s) or Affiliated Fund(s) participating in the transaction; provided, that the Required Majority shall not be prohibited from reaching the conclusions required by this Condition 2(c)(iii) if:

 

A.the settlement date for another Regulated Fund or an Affiliated Fund in a Co-Investment Transaction is later than the settlement date for the Regulated Fund by no more than ten business days or earlier than the settlement date for the Regulated Fund by no more than ten business days, in either case, so long as: (x) the date on which the commitment of the Affiliated Funds and Regulated Funds is made is the same and (y) the earliest settlement date and the latest settlement date of any Affiliated Fund or Regulated Fund participating in the transaction will occur within ten business days of each other; or

 

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B.any other Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund, but not the Regulated Fund itself, gains the right to nominate a director for election to a portfolio company’s board of directors, the right to have a board observer or any similar right to participate in the governance or management of the portfolio company so long as: (x) the Eligible Directors will have the right to ratify the selection of such director or board observer, if any; (y) the Adviser agrees to, and does, provide periodic reports to the Regulated Fund’s Board with respect to the actions of such director or the information received by such board observer or obtained through the exercise of any similar right to participate in the governance or management of the portfolio company; and (z) any fees or other compensation that any other Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund, or any affiliated person of any other Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund, receives in connection with the right of one or more Regulated Funds or Affiliated Funds to nominate a director or appoint a board observer or otherwise to participate in the governance or management of the portfolio company will be shared proportionately among any participating Affiliated Funds (who may, in turn, share their portion with their affiliated persons) and any participating Regulated Fund(s) in accordance with the amount of each such party’s investment; and

 

iv. the proposed investment by the Regulated Fund will not involve compensation, remuneration or a direct or indirect26 financial benefit to the Adviser, any other Regulated Fund, the Affiliated Funds or any affiliated person of any of them (other than the parties to the Co-Investment Transaction), except (A) to the extent permitted by Condition 14, (B) to the extent permitted by Section 17(e) or 57(k), as applicable, (C) indirectly, as a result of an interest in the securities issued by one of the parties to the Co-Investment Transaction or (D) in the case of fees or other compensation described in Condition 2(c)(iii)(B)(z).

 

3.Right to Decline. Each Regulated Fund has the right to decline to participate in any Potential Co-Investment Transaction or to invest less than the amount proposed.

 

4. General Limitation. Except for Follow-On Investments made in accordance with Conditions 8 and 9,27 a Regulated Fund will not invest in reliance on the Order in any issuer in which a Related Party has an investment.

 

 

26 For example, procuring the Regulated Fund’s investment in a Potential Co-Investment Transaction to permit an affiliate to complete or obtain better terms in a separate transaction would constitute an indirect financial benefit.

 

27 This exception applies only to Follow-On Investments by a Regulated Fund in issuers in which such Regulated Fund already holds investments.

 

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5.Same Terms and Conditions. A Regulated Fund will not participate in any Potential Co-Investment Transaction unless (i) the terms, conditions, price, class of securities to be purchased, date on which the commitment is entered into and registration rights (if any) will be the same for each participating Regulated Fund and Affiliated Fund and (ii) the earliest settlement date and the latest settlement date of any participating Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund will occur as close in time as practicable and in no event more than ten business days apart. The grant to one or more Regulated Funds or Affiliated Funds, but not the respective Regulated Fund, of the right to nominate a director for election to a portfolio company’s board of directors, the right to have an observer on the board of directors or similar rights to participate in the governance or management of the portfolio company will not be interpreted so as to violate this Condition 5, if Condition 2(c)(iii)(B) is met.

 

6.Standard Review Dispositions

 

a.General. If any Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund elects to sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of an interest in a security and one or more Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds have previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer, then:

 

i. the Adviser to such Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund28 will notify each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer of the proposed Disposition at the earliest practical time; and

 

ii.the Adviser to each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer will formulate a recommendation as to participation by such Regulated Fund in the Disposition.

 

b.Same Terms and Conditions. Each Regulated Fund will have the right to participate in such Disposition on a proportionate basis, at the same price and on the same terms and conditions as those applicable to the Affiliated Funds and any other Regulated Fund.

 

c.No Board Approval Required. A Regulated Fund may participate in such a Disposition without obtaining prior approval of the Required Majority if:

 

i. (A) the participation of each Regulated Fund and Affiliated Fund in such Disposition is proportionate to its then-current holding of the security (or securities) of the issuer that is (or are) the subject of the Disposition;29 (B) the Board of the Regulated Fund has approved as being in the best interests of the Regulated Fund the ability to participate in such Dispositions on a pro rata basis (as described in greater detail in this Application); and (C) the Board of the Regulated Fund is provided on a quarterly basis with a list of all Dispositions made in accordance with this Condition 6; or

 

 

28 Any Redwood Proprietary Account that is not advised by an Adviser is itself deemed to be an Adviser for purposes of Conditions 6(a)(i), 7(a)(i), 8(a)(i) and 9(a)(i).

 

29 In the case of any Disposition, proportionality will be measured by each participating Regulated Fund’s and Affiliated Fund’s outstanding investment in the security in question immediately preceding the Disposition.

 

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ii.each security is a Tradable Security and (A) the Disposition is not to the issuer or any affiliated person of the issuer; and (B) the security is sold for cash in a transaction in which the only term negotiated by or on behalf of the participating Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds is price.

 

d.Standard Board Approval. In all other cases, the Adviser will provide its written recommendation as to the Regulated Fund’s participation to the Eligible Directors, and the Regulated Fund will participate in such Disposition solely to the extent that a Required Majority determines that it is in the Regulated Fund’s best interests.

 

7.Enhanced Review Dispositions

 

a.General. If any Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund elects to sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of a Pre-Boarding Investment in a Potential Co-Investment Transaction and the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds have not previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer:

 

i.the Adviser to such Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund will notify each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer of the proposed Disposition at the earliest practical time;

 

ii.the Adviser to each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer will formulate a recommendation as to participation by such Regulated Fund in the Disposition; and

 

iii.the Adviser will provide to the Board of each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer all information relating to the existing investments in the issuer of the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds, including the terms of such investments and how they were made, that is necessary for the Required Majority to make the findings required by this Condition 7.

 

b.Enhanced Board Approval. The Adviser will provide its written recommendation as to the Regulated Fund’s participation to the Eligible Directors, and the Regulated Fund will participate in such Disposition solely to the extent that a Required Majority determines that:

 

i.the Disposition complies with Conditions 2(c)(i), (ii), (iii)(A) and (iv); and

 

ii.the making and holding of the Pre-Boarding Investments were not prohibited by Section 57 or Rule 17d-1, as applicable, and records the basis for the finding in the Board minutes.

 

c.Additional Requirements. The Disposition may only be completed in reliance on the Order if:

 

i.Same Terms and Conditions. Each Regulated Fund has the right to participate in such Disposition on a proportionate basis, at the same price and on the same terms and Conditions as those applicable to the Affiliated Funds and any other Regulated Fund;

 

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ii.Original Investments. All of the Affiliated Funds’ and Regulated Funds’ investments in the issuer are Pre-Boarding Investments;

 

iii.Advice of Counsel. Independent counsel to the Board advises that the making and holding of the investments in the Pre-Boarding Investments were not prohibited by Section 57 (as modified by Rule 57b-1) or Rule 17d-1, as applicable;

 

iv. Multiple Classes of Securities. All Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds that hold Pre-Boarding Investments in the issuer immediately before the time of completion of the Co-Investment Transaction hold the same security or securities of the issuer. For the purpose of determining whether the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds hold the same security or securities, they may disregard any security held by some but not all of them if, prior to relying on the Order, the Required Majority is presented with all information necessary to make a finding, and finds, that: (x) any Regulated Fund’s or Affiliated Fund’s holding of a different class of securities (including for this purpose a security with a different maturity date) is immaterial30 in amount, including immaterial relative to the size of the issuer; and (y) the Board records the basis for any such finding in its minutes. In addition, securities that differ only in respect of issuance date, currency or denominations may be treated as the same security; and

 

v.No Control. The Affiliated Funds, the other Regulated Funds and their “affiliated persons” (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3)(C)), individually or in the aggregate, do not “control” the issuer of the securities (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(9)).

 

8.Standard Review Follow-Ons

 

a.General. If any Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund desires to make a Follow-On Investment in an issuer and the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds holding investments in the issuer previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer:

 

i.the Adviser to each such Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund will notify each Regulated Fund that holds securities of the portfolio company of the proposed transaction at the earliest practical time; and

 

ii.the Adviser to each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer will formulate a recommendation as to the proposed participation, including the amount of the proposed investment, by such Regulated Fund.

 

 

30 In determining whether a holding is “immaterial” for purposes of the Order, the Required Majority will consider whether the nature and extent of the interest in the transaction or arrangement is sufficiently small that a reasonable person would not believe that the interest affected the determination of whether to enter into the transaction or arrangement or the terms of the transaction or arrangement.

 

23

 

 

b.No Board Approval Required. A Regulated Fund may participate in the Follow-On Investment without obtaining prior approval of the Required Majority if:

 

i. (A) the proposed participation of each Regulated Fund and each Affiliated Fund in such investment is proportionate to its outstanding investments in the issuer or the security at issue, as appropriate,31 immediately preceding the Follow-On Investment; and (B) the Board of the Regulated Fund has approved as being in the best interests of the Regulated Fund the ability to participate in Follow-On Investments on a pro rata basis (as described in greater detail in this Application); or

 

ii.it is a Non-Negotiated Follow-On Investment.

 

c.Standard Board Approval. In all other cases, the Adviser will provide its written recommendation as to the Regulated Fund’s participation to the Eligible Directors, and the Regulated Fund will participate in such Follow-On Investment solely to the extent that a Required Majority makes the determinations set forth in Condition 2(c). If the only previous Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer was an Enhanced Review Disposition, the Eligible Directors must complete this review of the proposed Follow-On Investment both on a stand-alone basis and together with the Pre-Boarding Investments in relation to the total economic exposure and other terms of the investment.

 

d.Allocation. If, with respect to any such Follow-On Investment:

 

i.the amount of the opportunity proposed to be made available to any Regulated Fund is not based on the Regulated Funds’ and the Affiliated Funds’ outstanding investments in the issuer or the security at issue, as appropriate, immediately preceding the Follow-On Investment; and

 

ii.the aggregate amount recommended by the Adviser to be invested in the Follow-On Investment by the participating Regulated Funds and any participating Affiliated Funds, collectively, exceeds the amount of the investment opportunity,

 

then the Follow-On Investment opportunity will be allocated among them pro rata based on the size of the Internal Orders, as described in section III.1.a.ii above.

 

e.Other Conditions. The acquisition of Follow-On Investments as permitted by this Condition 8 will be considered a Co-Investment Transaction for all purposes and subject to the other Conditions set forth in this Application.

 

 

31 To the extent that a Follow-On Investment opportunity is in a security or arises in respect of a security held by the participating Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds, proportionality will be measured by each participating Regulated Fund’s and Affiliated Fund’s outstanding investment in the security in question immediately preceding the Follow-On Investment using the most recent available valuation thereof. To the extent that a Follow-On Investment opportunity relates to an opportunity to invest in a security that is not in respect of any security held by any of the participating Regulated Funds or Affiliated Funds, proportionality will be measured by each participating Regulated Fund’s and Affiliated Fund’s outstanding investment in the issuer immediately preceding the Follow-On Investment using the most recent available valuation thereof.

 

24

 

 

9.Enhanced Review Follow-Ons

 

a.General. If any Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund desires to make a Follow-On Investment in an issuer that is a Potential Co-Investment Transaction and the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds holding investments in the issuer have not previously participated in a Co-Investment Transaction with respect to the issuer:

 

i.the Adviser to each such Regulated Fund or Affiliated Fund will notify each Regulated Fund that holds securities of the portfolio company of the proposed transaction at the earliest practical time;

 

ii.the Adviser to each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer will formulate a recommendation as to the proposed participation, including the amount of the proposed investment, by such Regulated Fund; and

 

iii.the Adviser will provide to the Board of each Regulated Fund that holds an investment in the issuer all information relating to the existing investments in the issuer of the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds, including the terms of such investments and how they were made, that is necessary for the Required Majority to make the findings required by this Condition 9.

 

b.Enhanced Board Approval. The Adviser will provide its written recommendation as to the Regulated Fund’s participation to the Eligible Directors, and the Regulated Fund will participate in such Follow-On Investment solely to the extent that a Required Majority reviews the proposed Follow-On Investment both on a stand-alone basis and together with the Pre-Boarding Investments in relation to the total economic exposure and other terms and makes the determinations set forth in Condition 2(c). In addition, the Follow-On Investment may only be completed in reliance on the Order if the Required Majority of each participating Regulated Fund determines that the making and holding of the Pre-Boarding Investments were not prohibited by Section 57 (as modified by Rule 57b-1) or Rule 17d-1, as applicable. The basis for the Board’s findings will be recorded in its minutes.

 

c.Additional Requirements. The Follow-On Investment may only be completed in reliance on the Order if:

 

i.Original Investments. All of the Affiliated Funds’ and Regulated Funds’ investments in the issuer are Pre-Boarding Investments;

 

ii.Advice of Counsel. Independent counsel to the Board advises that the making and holding of the investments in the Pre-Boarding Investments were not prohibited by Section 57 (as modified by Rule 57b-1) or Rule 17d-1, as applicable;

 

25

 

 

iii.Multiple Classes of Securities. All Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds that hold Pre-Boarding Investments in the issuer immediately before the time of completion of the Co-Investment Transaction hold the same security or securities of the issuer. For the purpose of determining whether the Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds hold the same security or securities, they may disregard any security held by some but not all of them if, prior to relying on the Order, the Required Majority is presented with all information necessary to make a finding, and finds, that: (x) any Regulated Fund’s or Affiliated Fund’s holding of a different class of securities (including for this purpose a security with a different maturity date) is immaterial in amount, including immaterial relative to the size of the issuer; and (y) the Board records the basis for any such finding in its minutes. In addition, securities that differ only in respect of issuance date, currency or denominations may be treated as the same security; and

 

iv.No Control. The Affiliated Funds, the other Regulated Funds and their “affiliated persons” (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(3)(C)), individually or in the aggregate, do not “control” the issuer of the securities (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(9)).

 

d.Allocation. If, with respect to any such Follow-On Investment:

 

i.the amount of the opportunity proposed to be made available to any Regulated Fund is not based on the Regulated Funds’ and the Affiliated Funds’ outstanding investments in the issuer or the security at issue, as appropriate, immediately preceding the Follow-On Investment; and

 

ii.the aggregate amount recommended by the Adviser to be invested in the Follow-On Investment by the participating Regulated Funds and any participating Affiliated Funds, collectively, exceeds the amount of the investment opportunity, then the Follow-On Investment opportunity will be allocated among them pro rata based on the size of the Internal Orders, as described in section III.1.a.ii above.

 

e.Other Conditions. The acquisition of Follow-On Investments as permitted by this Condition will be considered a Co-Investment Transaction for all purposes and subject to the other Conditions set forth in this Application.

 

10.Board Reporting, Compliance and Annual Re-Approval

 

a.Each Adviser to a Regulated Fund will present to the Board of each Regulated Fund, on a quarterly basis, and at such other times as the Board may request, (i) a record of all investments in Potential Co-Investment Transactions made by any of the other Regulated Funds or any of the Affiliated Funds during the preceding quarter that fell within the Regulated Fund’s then-current Objectives and Strategies and Board-Established Criteria that were not made available to the Regulated Fund and an explanation of why such investment opportunities were not made available to the Regulated Fund; (ii) a record of all Follow-On Investments in and Dispositions of investments in any issuer in which the Regulated Fund holds any investments by any Affiliated Fund or other Regulated Fund during the prior quarter; and (iii) all information concerning Potential Co-Investment Transactions and Co-Investment Transactions, including investments made by other Regulated Funds or Affiliated Funds that the Regulated Fund considered but declined to participate in, so that the Independent Directors may determine whether all Potential Co-Investment Transactions and Co-Investment Transactions during the preceding quarter, including those investments that the Regulated Fund considered but declined to participate in, comply with the Conditions.

 

26

 

 

b.All information presented to the Regulated Fund’s Board pursuant to this Condition 10 will be kept for the life of the Regulated Fund and at least two years thereafter and will be subject to examination by the Commission and its staff.

 

c.Each Regulated Fund’s chief compliance officer, as defined in Rule 38a-1(a)(4), will prepare an annual report for its Board each year that evaluates (and documents the basis of that evaluation) the Regulated Fund’s compliance with the terms and Conditions of this Application and the procedures established to achieve such compliance.

 

d.The Independent Directors will consider at least annually whether continued participation in new and existing Co-Investment Transactions is in the Regulated Fund’s best interests.

 

11.Record Keeping. Each Regulated Fund will maintain the records required by Section 57(f)(3) as if each of the Regulated Funds were a BDC and each of the investments permitted under these Conditions were approved by the Required Majority under Section 57(f).

 

12.Director Independence. No Independent Director of a Regulated Fund will also be a director, general partner, managing member or principal, or otherwise be an “affiliated person” (as defined in Section 2(a)(3)) of any Affiliated Fund.

 

13.Expenses. The expenses, if any, associated with acquiring, holding or disposing of any securities acquired in a Co-Investment Transaction (including, without limitation, the expenses of the distribution of any such securities registered for sale under the Securities Act) will, to the extent not payable by the Adviser under its respective advisory agreements with the Regulated Funds and the Affiliated Funds, be shared by the Regulated Funds and the participating Affiliated Funds in proportion to the relative amounts of the securities held or being acquired or disposed of, as the case may be.

 

14. Transaction Fees. 32 Any transaction fee (including break-up, structuring, monitoring or commitment fees but excluding brokerage or underwriting compensation permitted by Section 17(e) or 57(k)) received in connection with any Co-Investment Transaction will be distributed to the participants on a pro rata basis based on the amounts they invested or committed, as the case may be, in such Co-Investment Transaction. If any transaction fee is to be held by an Adviser pending consummation of the transaction, the fee will be deposited into an account maintained by the Adviser at a bank or banks having the qualifications prescribed in Section 26(a)(1), and the account will earn a competitive rate of interest that will also be divided pro rata among the participants. None of the Adviser, the Affiliated Funds, the other Regulated Funds or any affiliated person of the Affiliated Funds or the Regulated Funds will receive any additional compensation or remuneration of any kind as a result of or in connection with a Co-Investment Transaction other than (i), in the case of the Regulated Funds and the Affiliated Funds, the pro rata transaction fees described above and fees or other compensation described in Condition 2(c)(iii)(B), (ii) brokerage or underwriting compensation permitted by Section 17(e) or 57(k) or (iii), in the case of the Adviser, investment advisory compensation paid in accordance with investment advisory agreements between the applicable Regulated Fund(s) or Affiliated Fund(s) and its Adviser.

 

 

32 Applicants are not requesting, and the Commission is not providing, any relief for transaction fees received in connection with any Co-Investment Transaction.

 

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15.Independence. If the Holders own in the aggregate more than 25 percent of the Shares of a Regulated Fund, then the Holders will vote such Shares in the same percentages as the Regulated Fund’s other shareholders (not including the Holders) when voting on (1) the election of directors; (2) the removal of one or more directors or (3) any other matter under either the Act or applicable state law affecting the Board’s composition, size or manner of election.

 

VI.            PROCEDURAL MATTERS

 

1.Communications

 

Please address all communications concerning this Application and the related notice and Order to:

 

Adam Bensley 

Redwood Capital Management, LLC 

250 West 55th Street 

New York, NY 10019 

(212) 970-1419 

abensley@redwoodcap.com

 

Please address any questions, and a copy of any communications, concerning this Application and the related notice and Order to:

 

Nicole M. Runyan 

William J. Tuttle 

Proskauer Rose LLP 

Eleven Times Square 

New York, NY 10036 

(212) 969-3000

 

2.Authorization

 

Pursuant to Rule 0-2(c), the Applicants hereby state that RBDC, by resolution duly adopted by the initial director of RBDC on July 8, 2021 (attached hereto as Appendix B), has authorized to cause to be prepared and to execute and file with the Commission this Application for the Order sought hereby. In accordance with Rule 0-2(c), each person executing the Application on behalf of the Applicants being duly sworn deposes and says that he has duly executed the attached Application for and on behalf of the applicable entity listed; that he is authorized to execute the Application pursuant to the terms of an operating agreement, management agreement or otherwise; and that all actions by members, directors or other bodies necessary to authorize each such deponent to execute and file the Application have been taken.

 

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The Applicants have caused this Amendment No. 2 to the Application to be duly signed on their behalf on the 13th day of January 2022.

  

  REDWOOD ENHANCED INCOME CORP.
   
  By: /s/ Adam Bensley
    Name: Adam Bensley
    Title: Authorized Signatory
   
  REDWOOD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
   
  By: /s/ Adam Bensley
    Name: Adam Bensley
    Title: Authorized Signatory

 

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  REDWOOD DRAWDOWN MASTER FUND III, L.P.
  REDWOOD MASTER FUND, LTD.
  REDWOOD OPPORTUNITY MASTER FUND, LTD.
   
  By:    /s/ Adam Bensley
    Name: Adam Bensley
    Title: Authorized Signatory

 

30

 

 

APPENDIX A

 

Below is a listing of the Existing Affiliated Funds other than the Redwood Proprietary Accounts. All such Existing Affiliated Funds are advised by Redwood:

 

1.            Redwood Drawdown Master Fund III, L.P.

 

2.            Redwood Master Fund, Ltd.

 

3.            Redwood Opportunity Master Fund, Ltd.

 

Appendix A - 1

 

 

APPENDIX B

 

Resolutions of Redwood Enhanced Income Corp.

 

RESOLVED, that the officers (the “Authorized Officers”) of Redwood Enhanced Income Corp. (the “Company”), be, and each of them individually hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Company, to cause to be executed, delivered and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) the Company’s Co-Investment Exemptive Application (the “Exemptive Application”) for an order of the SEC pursuant to Sections 17(d) and 57(i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and Rule 17d-1 under the 1940 Act, to permit certain joint transactions that otherwise may be prohibited by Section 17(d) and 57(a)(4) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 under the 1940 Act; and

 

FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them individually hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Company, to cause to be made, executed, delivered and filed with the SEC any amendments to the Exemptive Application and any additional applications for exemptive relief as are determined necessary, advisable or appropriate by any such Authorized Officer in order to effectuate the foregoing, such determination to be conclusively evidenced by the taking of any such action; and

 

FURTHER RESOLVED, that all acts and things previously done by any Authorized Officer, on or prior to the date hereof, in the name and on behalf of the Company in connection with the foregoing are in all respects authorized, ratified, approved, confirmed and adopted as acts and deeds by and on behalf of the Company; and

 

FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them individually hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Company, to certify and deliver copies of these resolutions to such governmental bodies, agencies, persons, firms or corporations as any such officer may deem necessary and to identify by such officer’s signature or certificate, or in such form as may be required, the documents and instruments presented to and approved herein and to furnish evidence of the approval, by an officer authorized to give such approval, of any such document, instrument or provision or any addition, deletion or change in any document, instrument or provision.

 

(Adopted on July 8, 2021)

 

Appendix B - 1