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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC  20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the quarterly period endedSeptember 30, 2020
 OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

Commission file number 1-12626

EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware62-1539359
(State or other jurisdiction of(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)Identification no.)
  
200 South Wilcox Drive 
KingsportTennessee37662
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (423) 229-2000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share EMNNew York Stock Exchange
1.50% Notes Due 2023EMN23New York Stock Exchange
1.875% Notes Due 2026EMN26New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐  No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassNumber of Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2020
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share135,467,894
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM PAGE


PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

   

SIGNATURES

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements made or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Forward-looking statements are all statements, other than statements of historical fact, that may be made by Eastman Chemical Company ("Eastman" or the "Company") from time to time. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "expects", "intends", "may", "plans", "projects", "forecasts", "will", "would", and similar expressions or expressions of the negative of these terms. Forward-looking statements may relate to, among other things, such matters as planned and expected capacity increases and utilization; anticipated capital spending; expected depreciation and amortization; environmental matters and opportunities (including potential risks associated with physical impacts of climate change and related voluntary and regulatory carbon requirements); exposure to, and effects of hedging of, raw material and energy prices and costs; foreign currencies and interest rates; disruption or interruption of operations and of raw material or energy supply; global and regional economic, political, and business conditions; competition; growth opportunities; supply and demand, volume, price, cost, margin and sales; pending and future legal proceedings; earnings, cash flow, dividends, stock repurchases and other expected financial results, events, decisions, and conditions; expectations, strategies, and plans for individual assets and products, businesses, and operating segments, as well as for the whole of Eastman; cash sources and requirements and uses of available cash; financing plans and activities; pension expenses and funding; credit ratings; anticipated and other future restructuring, acquisition, divestiture, and consolidation activities; cost reduction and control efforts and targets; the timing and costs of, benefits from the integration of, and expected business and financial performance of acquired businesses as well as the subsequent impairment assessments of acquired long-lived assets; strategic, technology, and product innovation initiatives and development, production, commercialization and acceptance of new products, services and technologies and related costs; asset, business, and product portfolio changes; and expected tax rates and interest costs.

Forward-looking statements are based upon certain underlying assumptions as of the date such statements were made. Such assumptions are based upon internal estimates and other analyses of current market conditions and trends, management expectations, plans, and strategies, economic conditions, and other factors. Forward-looking statements and the assumptions underlying them are necessarily subject to risks and uncertainties inherent in projecting future conditions and results. Actual results could differ materially from expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements if one or more of the underlying assumptions and expectations proves to be inaccurate or is unrealized. The most significant known factors, risks, and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are identified and discussed under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report. Other factors, risks or uncertainties of which management is not aware, or presently deems immaterial, could also cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.

The Company cautions you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date such statements are made. Except as may be required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or alter these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Investors are advised, however, to consult any further public Company disclosures (such as filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Company press releases, or pre-noticed public investor presentations) on related subjects.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS,
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2020201920202019
Sales$2,122 $2,325 $6,287 $7,068 
Cost of sales1,621 1,751 4,838 5,331 
Gross profit501 574 1,449 1,737 
Selling, general and administrative expenses165 163 480 515 
Research and development expenses56 59 169 174 
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net60 2 215 52 
Other components of post-employment (benefit) cost, net(30)(20)(90)(62)
Other (income) charges, net7 3 10 — 
Earnings before interest and taxes243 367 665 1,058 
Net interest expense52 54 159 165 
Early debt extinguishment costs1 — 1 — 
Earnings before income taxes190 313 505 893 
Provision for income taxes25 46 50 158 
Net earnings165 267 455 735 
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest4 1 9 2 
Net earnings attributable to Eastman$161 $266 $446 $733 
Basic earnings per share attributable to Eastman$1.19 $1.95 $3.29 $5.31 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman$1.18 $1.93 $3.27 $5.27 

Comprehensive Income  
Net earnings including noncontrolling interest$165 $267 $455 $735 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:  
Change in cumulative translation adjustment(20)23 (15)40 
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans:  
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits(7)(7)(21)(22)
Derivatives and hedging:  
Unrealized gain (loss) during period(13)10 (9)(2)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net6 6 16 6 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(34)32 (29)22 
Comprehensive income including noncontrolling interest131 299 426 757 
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest4 1 9 2 
Comprehensive income attributable to Eastman$127 $298 $417 $755 
Retained Earnings    
Retained earnings at beginning of period$8,071 $7,848 $7,965 $7,573 
Cumulative effect adjustment resulting from adoption of new accounting standards— — — (20)
Net earnings attributable to Eastman161 266 446 733 
Cash dividends declared(90)(85)(269)(257)
Retained earnings at end of period$8,142 $8,029 $8,142 $8,029 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)20202019
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$650 $204 
Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts1,077 980 
Miscellaneous receivables377 395 
Inventories1,338 1,662 
Other current assets92 80 
Total current assets3,534 3,321 
Properties
Properties and equipment at cost13,332 12,904 
Less: Accumulated depreciation7,843 7,333 
Net properties5,489 5,571 
Goodwill4,443 4,431 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization1,802 2,011 
Other noncurrent assets741 674 
Total assets$16,009 $16,008 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Payables and other current liabilities$1,419 $1,618 
Borrowings due within one year370 171 
Total current liabilities1,789 1,789 
Long-term borrowings5,495 5,611 
Deferred income tax liabilities928 915 
Post-employment obligations939 1,016 
Other long-term liabilities702 645 
Total liabilities9,853 9,976 
Stockholders' equity
Common stock ($0.01 par value – 350,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued – 220,247,546 and 219,638,646 for 2020 and 2019, respectively)2 2 
Additional paid-in capital2,134 2,105 
Retained earnings8,142 7,965 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(243)(214)
10,035 9,858 
Less: Treasury stock at cost (84,830,450 shares for 2020 and 83,696,398 shares for 2019)3,960 3,900 
Total Eastman stockholders' equity6,075 5,958 
Noncontrolling interest81 74 
Total equity6,156 6,032 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$16,009 $16,008 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
First Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Operating activities
Net earnings$455 $735 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization429 462 
Asset impairment charges145 — 
Early debt extinguishment costs1 — 
(Benefit from) provision for deferred income taxes(14)13 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Increase) decrease in trade receivables(90)(50)
(Increase) decrease in inventories316 (122)
Increase (decrease) in trade payables(213)(183)
Pension and other postretirement contributions (in excess of) less than expenses(108)(97)
Variable compensation (in excess of) less than expenses25 (15)
Other items, net103 90 
Net cash provided by operating activities1,049 833 
Investing activities
Additions to properties and equipment(278)(308)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired— (48)
Other items, net(4)(4)
Net cash used in investing activities(282)(360)
Financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper and other borrowings14 149 
Proceeds from borrowings249 335 
Repayment of borrowings (250)(385)
Dividends paid to stockholders(269)(258)
Treasury stock purchases (60)(325)
Other items, net(6)(3)
Net cash used in financing activities(322)(487)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents1 (5)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents446 (19)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period204 226 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$650 $207 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Eastman Chemical Company ("Eastman" or the "Company") in accordance and consistent with the accounting policies stated in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of that report, with the exception of the items noted below. The December 31, 2019 financial position data included herein was derived from the consolidated financial statements included in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP").

In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for fair statement of the interim financial information in conformity with GAAP. These statements contain some amounts that are based upon management estimates and judgments. Future actual results could differ from such current estimates. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include assets, liabilities, sales revenue, and expenses of all majority-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures in which a controlling interest is maintained. Eastman accounts for other joint ventures and investments where it exercises significant influence on the equity basis. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period data has been reclassified in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes to conform to current period presentation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard, and related releases, under the various required transition methods. The amendments require a financial asset (including trade receivables) to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected through the use of allowances for credit losses valuation account. The income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The adoption of this standard did not result in a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement: On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard that is a part of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") disclosure framework project to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The primary changes applicable to Eastman in this update are the disclosures of fair value levels, assessment thereof, and transfers between those levels. The adoption under the various required transition methods did not impact the Company's related disclosures.

ASU 2018-18 Collaborative Arrangements - Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 (Collaborative Arrangements) and Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers): On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard, retrospectively to the date of the initial application of Topic 606 on January 1, 2017, that provides clarification in regards to which contracts are accounted for under Topic 808 and Topic 606 as well as alignment of guidance between the two pronouncements. The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2019-01 Leases - Codification Improvements: On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard which was applied as of the adoption date and under the same transition methodology of ASU 2016-02 Lease previously adopted on January 1, 2019. The FASB issued this update in response to stakeholder inquiries regarding the new leasing standard. The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting: Eastman adopted this standard when issued and effective on March 12, 2020. The FASB issued this update to provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform (the global financial markets transition in contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions away from referencing the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates and toward new reference rates) on financial reporting. As reference reform has not impacted Eastman as of the issuance and effective date, the adoption of this standard did not impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Adopted as of September 30, 2020

ASU 2018-14 Retirement Benefits - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans: In August 2018, the FASB issued this update as a part of its disclosure framework project to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The primary change impacting Eastman is the addition of disclosures related to significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period and weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans. This standard is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Upon adoption, this update is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Management does not expect that changes required by the new standard will materially impact the Company's related disclosures.

ASU 2019-12 Income Taxes - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes: In December 2019, the FASB issued this update as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards which removes certain exceptions and provides simplification to specific tax items. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Adoption methods vary based on the specific items impacted. Management is currently evaluating the impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2020-01 Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815: In January 2020, the FASB issued a clarification that an entity should consider observable transactions that require the application or discontinuance of the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative and clarification that certain forward contracts and purchased options to purchase securities that, upon settlement, would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The update is to be applied prospectively. Management does not expect that changes required by the new standard will materially impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

Working Capital Management and Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since 2019, the Company has been expanding its off balance sheet, uncommitted accounts receivable factoring program under which entire invoices may be sold, without recourse, to third-party financial institutions. Under these agreements, the Company sells the invoices at face value, less a transaction fee, which substantially equals the carrying value and fair value with no gain or loss recognized and no credit loss exposure is retained. Available capacity under these agreements, which the Company uses as a source of working capital funding, is dependent on the level of accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institutions' willingness to purchase such receivables. In addition, certain agreements also require that the Company continue to service, administer, and collect the sold accounts receivable at market rates. The total amounts sold in third quarter 2020 and 2019 were $336 million and $190 million, respectively, and $1.20 billion and $460 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company works with suppliers to optimize payment terms and conditions on accounts payable to enhance timing of working capital and cash flows. As part of these efforts, in 2019 the Company introduced a voluntary supply chain finance program to provide suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from Eastman to a participating financial institution. Eastman's responsibility is limited to making payments on the terms originally negotiated with suppliers, regardless of whether the suppliers sell their receivables to the financial institution. The range of payment terms Eastman negotiates with suppliers are consistent, regardless of whether a supplier participates in the program. All of Eastman's accounts payable and associated payments are reported consistently in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows regardless of whether they are associated with a vendor who participates in the program.



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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2.INVENTORIES
 September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Finished goods$873 $1,114 
Work in process191 220 
Raw materials and supplies510 576 
Total inventories at FIFO or average cost1,574 1,910 
Less: LIFO reserve236 248 
Total inventories$1,338 $1,662 

Inventories valued on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method were approximately 50 percent of total inventories at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. In third quarter 2020, a $10 million LIFO decrement was recognized due to inventory reduction actions, resulting in an increase to "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings and a decrease to "Inventories" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

3.PAYABLES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
 September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Trade creditors$663 $890 
Accrued payroll and variable compensation188 176 
Accrued taxes90 89 
Post-employment obligations139 93 
Dividends payable to shareholders89 90 
Other250 280 
Total payables and other current liabilities$1,419 $1,618 

"Other" consists primarily of accruals for interest payable, the current portion of operating lease liabilities, the current portion of environmental liabilities, the current portion of derivative hedging liabilities, and miscellaneous accruals.

4.INCOME TAXES
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)2020201920202019
$%$%$%$%
Provision for income taxes and tax rate$25 13 %$46 15 %$50 10 %$158 18 %

First nine months 2020 effective tax rate included a $19 million decrease to the provision for income taxes as a result of a decrease in unrecognized tax positions and a $7 million decrease to the provision for income taxes related to adjustments to certain prior year tax returns. Third quarter and first nine months 2019 effective tax rates included adjustments to the tax provision to reflect amendments to and finalization of prior year's income tax returns.

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Eastman had $194 million and $202 million, respectively, in unrecognized tax benefits. At September 30, 2020, it is reasonably possible that, as a result of the resolution of federal, state, and foreign examinations and appeals, and the expiration of various statutes of limitation, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $10 million to $55 million within the next 12 months.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5.BORROWINGS
 September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Borrowings consisted of:
4.5% notes due January 2021 (1)
$185 $185 
3.5% notes due December 2021298 298 
3.6% notes due August 2022743 741 
1.50% notes due May 2023 (2)
876 840 
7 1/4% debentures due January 2024198 198 
7 5/8% debentures due June 202443 43 
3.8% notes due March 2025701 695 
1.875% notes due November 2026 (2)
581 556 
7.60% debentures due February 2027195 195 
4.5% notes due December 2028493 493 
4.8% notes due September 2042493 493 
4.65% notes due October 2044874 874 
Commercial paper and short-term borrowings185 171 
Total borrowings5,865 5,782 
Borrowings due within one year370 171 
Long-term borrowings$5,495 $5,611 
(1)In October 2020, the Company repaid the 4.5% notes due January 2021 ($185 million principal) using available cash.
(2)The carrying value of the euro-denominated 1.50% notes due May 2023 and 1.875% notes due November 2026 will fluctuate with changes in the euro exchange rate. The carrying value of these euro-denominated borrowings have been designated as non-derivative net investment hedges of a portion of the Company's net investments in euro functional-currency denominated subsidiaries to offset foreign currency fluctuations.

Loan Agreement, Credit Facility, and Commercial Paper Borrowings

In second quarter 2020, the Company borrowed $250 million under a new 364-Day Term Loan Credit Agreement (the "Term Loan") as a precautionary measure due to increased financial market volatility, particularly in the availability and terms of commercial paper, resulting from the COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic ("COVID-19"). In third quarter 2020, the Term Loan was repaid using available cash. The early repayment resulted in a charge of $1 million for early debt extinguishment costs which was primarily attributable to related unamortized issuance costs.

The Company has access to a $1.50 billion revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Facility") expiring October 2023. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are subject to interest at varying spreads above quoted market rates and a commitment fee is paid on the total unused commitment. The Credit Facility provides available liquidity for general corporate purposes and supports commercial paper borrowings. Commercial paper borrowings are classified as short-term. In first quarter 2020, the Company borrowed a total of $400 million under the Credit Facility. In second quarter 2020, the Company repaid a total of $400 million using available cash. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. At September 30, 2020, the Company's commercial paper borrowings were $185 million with a weighted average interest rate of 0.35 percent. At December 31, 2019, the Company's commercial paper borrowings were $170 million with a weighted average interest rate of 2.03 percent.

The Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including requirements to maintain certain financial ratios, that determine the events of default, amounts available, and terms of borrowings. In second quarter 2020, the Company amended the Credit Facility and the Term Loan maximum debt covenants to reflect the higher cash balance to enhance liquidity due to, and the expected negative impact on operating results of, COVID-19 and added a new restrictive covenant prohibiting stock repurchases until June 30, 2021 in the event certain financial ratios are exceeded. The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company did not renew the $250 million accounts receivable securitization agreement (the "A/R Facility") which expired April 2020. Eastman Chemical Financial Corporation ("ECFC"), a subsidiary of the Company, had an agreement to sell interests in trade receivables under the A/R Facility to a third party purchaser. Third party creditors of ECFC had first priority claims on the assets of ECFC before those assets would be available to satisfy the Company's general obligations. Borrowings under the A/R Facility were subject to interest rates based on a spread over the lender's borrowing costs and ECFC paid a fee to maintain availability of the A/R Facility. In first quarter 2020, the Company borrowed a total of $350 million, in two tranches, under the A/R Facility and repaid a total of $350 million using available cash. At December 31, 2019, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the A/R Facility.

Fair Value of Borrowings

Eastman has classified its total borrowings at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 under the fair value hierarchy as defined in the accounting policies in Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The fair value for fixed-rate debt securities is based on quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments and is classified as Level 2. The fair value for the Company's other borrowings, primarily under the Credit Facility and commercial paper, equals the carrying value and is classified as Level 2. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of total borrowings was $6.529 billion and $6.275 billion, respectively. The Company had no borrowings classified as Level 3 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

6.DERIVATIVE AND NON-DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Overview of Hedging Programs

Eastman is exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. To mitigate these market risks and their effects on the cash flows of the underlying transactions and investments in foreign subsidiaries, the Company uses various derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, when appropriate, in accordance with the Company's hedging strategy and policies. Designation is performed on a specific exposure basis to support hedge accounting. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes.

For further information on hedging programs, see Note 9, "Derivative and Non-Derivative Financial Instruments", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Cash Flow Hedges

Cash flow hedges are derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are attributable to a particular risk. The derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge are reported on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value of these hedging instruments are offset in part or in whole by corresponding changes in the anticipated cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The change in the hedge instrument is reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") located in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Cash flows from cash flow hedges are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In first, second, and third quarters 2020, Eastman entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $25 million in each period to mitigate the risk of variability in interest rates for an expected long-term debt issuance by August 2022. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and will be settled upon debt issuance. The total outstanding forward starting swaps as of September 30, 2020 was $75 million.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair Value Hedges

Fair value hedges are defined as derivative or non-derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability or an identified portion thereof that is attributable to a particular risk. The derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value of these hedging instruments are offset in part or in whole by corresponding changes in the anticipated fair value of the underlying exposures being hedged. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying fair value hedges is recognized in earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Cash flows from fair value hedges are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Net Investment Hedges

Net investment hedges are defined as derivative or non-derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the foreign currency exposure of the net investments in certain foreign operations. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying net investment hedges is reported as a component of the "Cumulative Translation Adjustment" ("CTA") within AOCI in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Cash flows from the CTA component are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recognized in CTA is limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation. In the event of a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment, cash flows from net investment hedges are classified as investing activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

For derivative cross-currency interest rate swap net investment hedges, gains and losses representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in CTA within AOCI and recognized in earnings through the periodic swap interest accruals. The cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as net investment hedges are included as part of "Other long-term liabilities", "Other noncurrent assets", "Payables and other current liabilities", or "Other current assets" within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Cash flows from excluded components are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In September 2020, the Company terminated fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps designated to hedge a portion of its net investment in a euro functional currency denominated subsidiary against foreign currency fluctuations. The notional amount terminated was €150 million ($180 million) which was scheduled to mature in January 2021. The termination resulted in a $3 million gain recognized in CTA. The related cash flows were classified as investing activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In September 2020, the Company entered into fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps and designated these swaps to hedge a portion of its net investment in a euro functional currency denominated subsidiary against foreign currency fluctuations. These contracts involve the exchange of fixed U.S. dollars with fixed euro interest payments periodically over the life of the contracts and an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity. The fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps include €152 million ($180 million) maturing December 2028.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Summary of Financial Position and Financial Performance of Hedging Instruments

The following table presents the notional amounts outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 associated with Eastman's hedging programs.
Notional OutstandingSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign Exchange Forward and Option Contracts (in millions)
EUR/USD (in EUR)€549€630
Commodity Forward and Collar Contracts
Feedstock (in million barrels)— 1 
Energy (in million british thermal units)22 27 
Interest rate swaps for the future issuance of debt (in millions)$75— 
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps (in millions)$75$75
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Cross-currency interest rate swaps (in millions)
EUR/USD (in EUR)€853€851
Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Foreign Currency Net Investment Hedges (in millions)
EUR/USD (in EUR)€1,244€1,243

Fair Value Measurements

All the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are currently classified as Level 2. Level 2 fair value is based on estimates using standard pricing models. These standard pricing models use inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves and currency spot and forward rates. The fair value of commodity contracts is derived using forward curves supplied by an industry recognized and unrelated third party. In addition, on an ongoing basis, the Company tests a subset of its valuations against valuations received from transaction counterparties to validate the accuracy of its standard pricing models. The Company had no derivatives classified as Level 3 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Counterparties to these derivative contracts are highly rated financial institutions which the Company believes carry minimal risk of nonperformance, and the Company diversifies its positions among such counterparties to reduce its exposure to counterparty risk and credit losses. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparties on an ongoing basis. The Company did not recognize a credit loss during third quarter and first nine months 2020 or 2019.

All the Company's derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, or similar agreements, which provide for the option to settle contracts on a net basis when they settle on the same day and in the same currency. In addition, these arrangements provide for a net settlement of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event that the arrangement is terminated due to the occurrence of default or a termination event. The Company does not have any cash collateral due under such agreements.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company has elected to present derivative contracts on a gross basis within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The following table presents the financial assets and liabilities valued on a recurring and gross basis and includes where the financial assets and liabilities are within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The Financial Position and Fair Value Measurements of Hedging Instruments on a Gross Basis
(Dollars in millions) 
Derivative TypeStatements of Financial
Position Classification		September 30, 2020
Level 2		December 31, 2019
Level 2
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:   
Commodity contractsOther current assets$5 $— 
Commodity contractsOther noncurrent assets1 — 
Foreign exchange contractsOther current assets1 13 
Foreign exchange contractsOther noncurrent assets1 2 
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swapOther current assets— 1 
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swapOther noncurrent assets4 — 
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Cross-currency interest rate swapsOther noncurrent assets61 68 
Total Derivative Assets$73 $84 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Commodity contractsPayables and other current liabilities$4 $26 
Commodity contractsOther long-term liabilities— 2 
Foreign exchange contractsPayables and other current liabilities8 1 
Foreign exchange contractsOther long-term liabilities7 2 
Forward starting interest rate swap contractsOther long-term liabilities— — 
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Fixed-for-floating interest rate swapLong-term borrowings— 1 
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Cross-currency interest rate swapsOther long-term liabilities13 — 
Total Derivative Liabilities$32 $32 
Total Net Derivative Assets (Liabilities) $41 $52 

In addition to the fair value associated with derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, fair value hedges, and net investment hedges noted in the table above, the Company had non-derivative instruments designated as foreign currency net investment hedges with a carrying value of $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The designated foreign currency-denominated borrowings are included as part of "Long-term borrowings" within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For additional fair value measurement information, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", and Note 9, "Derivative and Non-Derivative Financial Instruments", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following amounts were included in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.
(Dollars in millions)Carrying amount of the hedged liabilitiesCumulative amount of fair value hedging loss adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged liability
Line item in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position in which the hedged item is includedSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Long-term borrowings (1)
$772 $763 $(1)$(7)
(1)At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the cumulative amount of fair value hedging loss adjustment remaining for hedged liabilities for which hedge accounting has been discontinued was $5 million and $7 million, respectively.

The following table presents the effect of the Company's hedging instruments on "Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax" ("OCI") and financial performance for third quarter and first nine months 2020 and 2019.
Change in amount of after tax gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivativesPre-tax amount of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into earnings
(Dollars in millions)Third QuarterFirst Nine MonthsThird QuarterFirst Nine Months
Hedging Relationships20202019202020192020201920202019
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Commodity contracts$10 $(1)$20 $(7)$(5)$(14)$(26)$(25)
Foreign exchange contracts(20)16 (19)10 — 7 12 20 
Forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts2 1 5 3 (2)(2)(7)(4)
Non-derivatives in net investment hedging relationships (pre-tax):
Net investment hedges (62)60 (59)68 — — — — 
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships (pre-tax):
Cross-currency interest rate swaps(44)40 (45)46 — — — — 
Cross-currency interest rate swaps excluded component (13)9 25 22 — — — — 

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for third quarter 2020 and 2019.
Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings from Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Third Quarter
20202019
(Dollars in millions)SalesCost of SalesNet Interest ExpenseSalesCost of SalesNet Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recognized$2,122 $1,621 $52 $2,325 $1,751 $54 
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest contracts (fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps):
Hedged items— 1 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments— (1)
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest contracts (forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts):
Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings(2)(2)
Commodity Contracts:
Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings(5)(14)
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings— 7 

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for first nine months 2020 and 2019.
Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings from Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
First Nine Months
20202019
(Dollars in millions)SalesCost of SalesNet Interest ExpenseSalesCost of SalesNet Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recognized$6,287 $4,838 $159 $7,068 $5,331 $165 
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest contracts (fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps):
Hedged items1 1 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(1)(1)
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest contracts (forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts):
Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings(7)(4)
Commodity Contracts:
Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings(26)(25)
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings12 20 

The Company enters into foreign exchange derivatives denominated in multiple currencies which are transacted and settled in the same quarter. These derivatives are not designated as hedges due to the short-term nature and the gains or losses on these derivatives are marked-to-market in line item "Other (income) charges, net" of the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. As a result of these derivatives, the Company recognized a net loss of $4 million and a net gain of $5 million during third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and recognized a net gain of $4 million and $1 million during first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Pre-tax monetized positions and mark-to-market gains and losses from raw materials and energy, currency, and certain interest rate hedges that were included in AOCI included net losses of $117 million and $50 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Losses recognized between September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 primarily resulted from an increase in foreign currency exchange rates associated with the euro, partially offset by commodity price increases. If recognized, approximately $18 million in pre-tax losses, as of September 30, 2020, would be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months.

7.RETIREMENT PLANS

Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Eastman maintains defined benefit pension plans that provide eligible employees with retirement benefits. In addition, Eastman provides life insurance for eligible retirees hired prior to January 1, 2007. The Company provides a subsidy for pre-Medicare health care and dental benefits to eligible retirees hired prior to January 1, 2007 that will end on December 31, 2021. Company funding is also provided for eligible Medicare retirees hired prior to January 1, 2007 with a health reimbursement arrangement. Costs recognized for these benefits are estimated amounts, which may change as actual costs for the year are determined.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For additional information regarding retirement plans, see Note 10, "Retirement Plans", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost were as follows:
Third Quarter
 Pension PlansOther Postretirement Benefit Plans
2020201920202019
(Dollars in millions)U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.
Service cost$6 $5 $6 $4 $— $— 
Interest cost15 4 19 5 5 6 
Expected return on assets(34)(9)(31)(8)(2)(2)
Amortization of:
Prior service credit, net— — — — (9)(9)
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost$(13)$— $(6)$1 $(6)$(5)
First Nine Months
Pension PlansOther Postretirement Benefit Plans
2020201920202019
(Dollars in millions)U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.
Service cost$19 $13 $20 $11 $— $— 
Interest cost43 11 57 15 14 19 
Expected return on assets(101)(25)(96)(24)(4)(4)
Amortization of:
Prior service credit, net— — — — (28)(29)
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost$(39)$(1)$(19)$2 $(18)$(14)

8.LEASES AND OTHER COMMITMENTS

Leases

There are two types of leases: finance and operating. Both types of leases have associated right-to-use assets and lease liabilities that are valued at the present value of the lease payments and recognized on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The discount rate used in the measurement of a right-to-use asset and lease liability is the rate implicit in the lease whenever that rate is readily determinable. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the collateralized incremental borrowing rate is used. The Company elected the accounting policy not to apply the recognition and measurement requirements to short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less and do not include a bargain purchase option.

The Company has operating leases, as a lessee, with customary terms that do not include: significant variable lease payments; significant reasonably certain extensions or options required to be included in the lease term; restrictions; or other covenants for real property, rolling stock, and machinery and equipment. Real property leases primarily consist of office space and rolling stock leases primarily for railcars and fleet vehicles. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, operating right-to-use assets of $174 million and $197 million, respectively, are included as a part of "Other noncurrent assets" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and includes $8 million at both periods of assets previously classified as lease intangibles. Operating lease liabilities are included as a part of "Payables and other current liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As of September 30, 2020, reconciliation of lease payments and operating lease liabilities is provided below:
(Dollars in millions)Operating lease liabilities
Remainder of 2020$17 
202156 
202242 
202329 
202416 
2025 and beyond35 
Total lease payments195 
Less: amounts of lease payments representing interest18 
Present value of future lease payments177 
Less: current obligations under leases54 
Long-term lease obligations$123 

The Company has operating leases, primarily leases for railcars, with terms that require the Company to guarantee a portion of the residual value of the leased assets upon termination of the lease that will expire beginning in first quarter 2021. Residual guarantee payments that become probable and estimable are recognized as rent expense over the remaining life of the applicable lease. Management's current expectation is that the likelihood of material residual guarantee payments is remote.

Lease costs during the period and other information is provided below:
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)2020201920202019
Lease costs:
Operating lease costs$18 $17 $55 $49
Short-term lease costs9 10 28 30
Sublease income(1)— (3)(1)
Total$26 $27 $80 $78
Other operating lease information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities$17 $17 $53 $52
Right-to-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities$10 $15 $40 $36
Weighted-average remaining lease term, in years55
Weighted-average discount rate3.8 %4.1 %

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Debt and Other Commitments

Eastman's obligations are summarized in the following table.
(Dollars in millions)Payments Due for
PeriodDebt SecuritiesCredit Facilities and OtherInterest PayablePurchase ObligationsOperating LeasesOther LiabilitiesTotal
Remainder of 2020$— $185 $52 $57 $17 $129 $440 
2021483 — 184 165 56 81 969 
2022743 — 174 103 42 88 1,150 
2023876 — 155 91 29 87 1,238 
2024241 — 135 94 16 100 586 
2025 and beyond3,337 — 1,407 1,959 35 1,139 7,877 
Total$5,680 $185 $2,107 $2,469 $195 $1,624 $12,260 

Estimated future payments of debt securities assumes the repayment of principal upon stated maturity, and actual amounts and the timing of such payments may differ materially due to repayment or other changes in the terms of such debt prior to maturity.

The Company had various purchase obligations at September 30, 2020, totaling approximately $2.5 billion over a period of approximately 30 years for materials, supplies, and energy incident to the ordinary conduct of business.

Amounts in other liabilities represent the current estimated cash payments required to be made by the Company primarily for pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental matters, accrued compensation benefits, uncertain tax liabilities, and commodity and foreign exchange hedging in the periods indicated. Due to uncertainties in the timing of the effective settlement of tax positions with respect to taxing authorities, management is unable to determine the timing of payments related to uncertain tax liabilities and these amounts are included in the "2025 and beyond" line item.

The amount and timing of pension and other postretirement benefit payments included in other liabilities is dependent upon interest rates, health care cost trends, actual returns on plan assets, retirement and attrition rates of employees, continuation or modification of the benefit plans, and other factors. Such factors can significantly impact the amount and timing of any future contributions by the Company. Excess contributions are periodically made by management in order to keep the plans' funded status above 80 percent under the funding provisions of the Pension Protection Act to avoid partial benefit restrictions on accelerated forms of payment. The Company's U.S. defined benefit pension plans are not currently under any benefit restrictions. See Note 7, "Retirement Plans".

The resolution of uncertainties related to environmental matters included in other liabilities may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations in the period recognized, however, because of the availability of legal defenses, the Company's preliminary assessment of actions that may be required, and, if applicable, the expected sharing of costs, management does not believe that the Company's liability for these environmental matters, individually or in the aggregate, will be material to the Company's consolidated financial position, results or operations, or cash flows. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company's accounting policy for environmental costs and see Note 9, "Environmental Matters and Asset Retirement Obligations".

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Guarantees and claims also arise during the ordinary course of business from relationships with customers, suppliers, joint venture partners, and other parties when the Company undertakes an obligation to guarantee the performance of others if specified triggering events occur. Non-performance under a contract could trigger an obligation of the Company. The Company's current other guarantees include guarantees relating to intellectual property, environmental matters, and other indemnifications and have arisen through the normal course of business. The ultimate effect on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as to the final outcome of these claims, if they were to occur. These other guarantees have terms up to 30 years with maximum potential future payments of approximately $35 million in the aggregate, with none of these guarantees being individually significant to the Company's operating results, financial position, or liquidity. Management's current expectation is that future payment or performance related to non-performance under other guarantees is remote.

9.ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

Certain Eastman manufacturing facilities generate hazardous and nonhazardous wastes, the treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal of which are regulated by various governmental agencies. In connection with the cleanup of various hazardous waste sites, the Company, along with many other entities, has been designated a potentially responsible party ("PRP") by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, which potentially subjects PRPs to joint and several liability for certain cleanup costs. In addition, the Company will incur costs for environmental remediation and closure and post-closure under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Reserves for environmental contingencies have been established in accordance with Eastman's policies described in Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The resolution of uncertainties related to environmental matters included in other liabilities may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations in the period recognized, however, because of the availability of legal defenses, the Company's preliminary assessment of actions that may be required, and, if applicable, the expected sharing of costs, management does not believe that the Company's liability for these environmental matters, individually or in the aggregate, will be material to the Company's consolidated financial position, results or operations, or cash flows. The Company's total reserve for environmental loss contingencies was $287 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Environmental Remediation and Environmental Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company's total environmental reserve that management believes to be probable and reasonably estimable for environmental contingencies, including remediation costs and asset retirement obligations, is included as part of "Payables and other current liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Environmental contingent liabilities, current$15 $20 
Environmental contingent liabilities, long-term272 267 
Total$287 $287 

Environmental Remediation

Estimated future environmental expenditures for undiscounted remediation costs ranged from the best estimate or minimum of $260 million to the maximum of $504 million at September 30, 2020 and from the best estimate or minimum of $260 million to the maximum of $487 million at December 31, 2019. The best estimate or minimum estimated future environmental expenditures are considered to be probable and reasonably estimable and include the amounts recognized at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reserves for environmental remediation include liabilities expected to be paid within approximately 30 years. The amounts charged to pre-tax earnings for environmental remediation and related charges are included within "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. Changes in the reserves for environmental remediation liabilities during first nine months 2020 and full year 2019 are summarized below:
(Dollars in millions)Environmental Remediation Liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2018$271 
Changes in estimates recognized in earnings and other4 
Cash reductions(15)
Balance at December 31, 2019260 
Changes in estimates recognized in earnings and other9 
Cash reductions(9)
Balance at September 30, 2020$260 

Environmental Asset Retirement Obligations

An asset retirement obligation is an obligation for the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset that is incurred upon the acquisition, construction, development, or normal operation of that long-lived asset. The Company recognizes asset retirement obligations in the period in which they are incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The asset retirement obligations are discounted to expected present value and subsequently adjusted for changes in fair value. The associated estimated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying value of the long-lived assets and depreciated over their useful life. Environmental asset retirement obligations consist primarily of closure and post-closure costs. For sites that have environmental asset retirement obligations, the best estimate recognized to date for these environmental asset retirement obligation costs was $27 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. 

Non-Environmental Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company has contractual asset retirement obligations not associated with environmental liabilities. Eastman's non-environmental asset retirement obligations are primarily associated with the future closure of leased manufacturing assets at Pace, Florida and Oulu, Finland. These recognized non-environmental asset retirement obligations were $50 million and $48 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is included as part of "Other long-term liabilities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

10.LEGAL MATTERS

From time to time, Eastman and its operations are parties to, or targets of, lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, asbestos, patent and intellectual property, commercial, contract, environmental, antitrust, health and safety, and employment matters, which are handled and defended in the ordinary course of business. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these matters, it does not believe, based upon currently available facts, that the ultimate resolution of any such pending matters will have a material adverse effect on its overall financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11.STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Reconciliations of the changes in stockholders' equity for third quarter 2020 and 2019 are provided below:
(Dollars in millions, except per share amount)Common Stock at Par ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury Stock at CostTotal Eastman Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal Equity
Balance at June 30, 2020$2 $2,117 $8,071 $(209)$(3,960)$6,021 $77 $6,098 
Net Earnings— — 161 — — 161 4 165 
Cash Dividends Declared (1)
($0.66 per share)
— — (90)— — (90)— (90)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)— — — (34)— (34)— (34)
Share Based Compensation Expense (2)
— 11 — — — 11 — 11 
Stock Option Exercises— 6 — — — 6 — 6 
Balance at September 30, 2020$2 $2,134 $8,142 $(243)$(3,960)$6,075 $81 $6,156 

(Dollars in millions, except per share amount)Common Stock at Par ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury Stock at CostTotal Eastman Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal Equity
Balance at June 30, 2019$2 $2,079 $7,848 $(235)$(3,825)$5,869 $77 $5,946 
Net Earnings— — 266 — — 266 1 267 
Cash Dividends Declared (1)
($0.62 per share)
— — (85)— — (85)— (85)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)— — — 32 — 32 — 32 
Share Based Compensation Expense (2)
— 13 — — — 13 — 13 
Other — — — — — — (1)(1)
Share Repurchase— — — — (75)(75)— (75)
Balance at September 30, 2019$2 $2,092 $8,029 $(203)$(3,900)$6,020 $77 $6,097 
(1)Cash dividends declared consists of cash dividends paid and dividends declared but unpaid.
(2)Share-based compensation expense is the fair value of share-based awards.


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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reconciliations of the changes in stockholders' equity for first nine months 2020 and 2019 are provided below:
(Dollars in millions, except per share amount)Common Stock at Par ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury Stock at CostTotal Eastman Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019$2 $2,105 $7,965 $(214)$(3,900)$5,958 $74 $6,032 
Net Earnings— — 446 — — 446 9 455 
Cash Dividends Declared (1)
($1.98 per share)
— — (269)— — (269)— (269)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)— — — (29)— (29)— (29)
Share-Based Compensation Expense (2)
— 31 — — — 31 — 31 
Stock Option Exercises— 9 — — — 9 — 9 
Other (3)
— (11)— — — (11)1 (10)
Share Repurchases— — — — (60)(60)— (60)
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest— — — — — — (3)(3)
Balance at September 30, 2020$2 $2,134 $8,142 $(243)$(3,960)$6,075 $81 $6,156 

(Dollars in millions, except per share amount)Common Stock at Par ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury Stock at CostTotal Eastman Stockholders' EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018$2 $2,048 $7,573 $(245)$(3,575)$5,803 $75 $5,878 
Cumulative Effect of Adoption of New Accounting Standards (4)
— — (20)20 — — — — 
Net Earnings— — 733 — — 733 2 735 
Cash Dividends Declared (1)
($1.86 per share)
— — (257)— — (257)— (257)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)— — — 22 — 22 — 22 
Share-Based Compensation Expense (2)
— 46 — — — 46 — 46 
Stock Option Exercises— 8 — — — 8 — 8 
Other (3)
— (10)— — — (10)— (10)
Share Repurchases— — — — (325)(325)— (325)
Balance at September 30, 2019$2 $2,092 $8,029 $(203)$(3,900)$6,020 $77 $6,097 
(1)Cash dividends declared consists of cash dividends paid and dividends declared but unpaid.
(2)Share-based compensation expense is the fair value of share-based awards.
(3)Additional paid-in capital consists of value of shares withheld for employees' taxes on vesting of share-based compensation awards.
(4)On January 1, 2019, Eastman adopted ASU 2018-02 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income resulting in the reclassification of $20 million of stranded tax expense from AOCI to retained earnings.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)		Cumulative Translation AdjustmentBenefit Plans Unrecognized Prior Service CreditsUnrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative InstrumentsUnrealized Losses on InvestmentsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2018$(309)$106 $(41)$(1)$(245)
Period change (1)
45 — (14)— 31 
Balance at December 31, 2019(264)106 (55)(1)(214)
Period change(15)(21)7 — (29)
Balance at September 30, 2020$(279)$85 $(48)$(1)$(243)
(1)Benefit plans unrecognized prior service credits includes $29 million reclassification of stranded tax expense from AOCI to retained earnings and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments includes $9 million reclassification of stranded tax benefit from AOCI to retained earnings.

Amounts of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented net of applicable taxes. Eastman recognizes deferred income taxes on the CTA related to branch operations and income from other entities included in the Company's consolidated U.S. tax return. No deferred income taxes are recognized on the CTA of other subsidiaries outside the United States, because the CTA is considered to be a component of indefinitely invested, unremitted earnings of these foreign subsidiaries.

Components of other comprehensive income recognized in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings are presented below, before tax and net of tax effects:
Third Quarter
20202019
(Dollars in millions)Before TaxNet of TaxBefore TaxNet of Tax
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in cumulative translation adjustment$(20)$(20)$23 $23 
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits(9)(7)(9)(7)
Derivatives and hedging:
Unrealized gain (loss) during period(17)(13)13 10 
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net7 6 8 6 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$(39)$(34)$35 $32 
First Nine Months
20202019
(Dollars in millions)Before TaxNet of TaxBefore TaxNet of Tax
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in cumulative translation adjustment$(15)$(15)$40 $40 
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits(28)(21)(29)(22)
Derivatives and hedging:
Unrealized gain (loss) during period(12)(9)(3)(2)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net21 16 8 6 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$(34)$(29)$16 $22 

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12.EARNINGS AND DIVIDENDS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") which are calculated using the treasury stock method:
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(In millions, except per share amounts)2020201920202019
Numerator
Earnings attributable to Eastman, net of tax $161 $266 $446 $733 
Denominator
Weighted average shares used for basic EPS135.3136.8135.5137.9
Dilutive effect of stock options and other awards 1.01.00.91.0
Weighted average shares used for diluted EPS136.3137.8136.4138.9
(Calculated using whole dollars and shares)
EPS
Basic$1.19 $1.95 $3.29 $5.31 
Diluted$1.18 $1.93 $3.27 $5.27 

Shares underlying stock options excluded from third quarter 2020 and 2019 calculations of diluted EPS were 2,247,621 and 2,620,529, respectively, because the grant date exercise price of these options was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock and the effect of including them in the calculation of diluted EPS would have been antidilutive. Third quarter 2019 reflects share repurchases of 1,032,623. There were no shares repurchased in third quarter 2020.

Shares underlying stock options excluded from first nine months 2020 and 2019 calculations of diluted EPS were 2,809,028 and 2,219,514, respectively, because the grant date exercise price of these options was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock and the effect of including them in the calculation of diluted EPS would have been antidilutive. First nine months 2020 and 2019 reflects share repurchases of 1,134,052 and 4,282,409, respectively.

The Company declared cash dividends of $0.66 and $0.62 per share for third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.98 and $1.86 per share for first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13.ASSET IMPAIRMENTS AND RESTRUCTURING CHARGES, NET

(Dollars in millions)Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Fixed Asset Impairments2020201920202019
Site optimizations
AFP - Tire additives (1)
$— $— $5 $— 
AM - Performance films (2)
— — 4 — 
AFP - Animal nutrition (3)
— — 3 — 
Discontinuation of growth initiatives (4)
— — 8 — 
— — 20 — 
Intangible Asset Impairments
AFP - Tradenames (5)
— — 123 — 
AFP - Customer relationships (6)
— — 2 — 
— — 125 — 
Severance Charges
Business improvement and cost reduction actions (7)
46 1 46 45 
CI & AFP - Singapore (8)
2 — 5 — 
Site optimizations
AM - Advanced interlayers (9)
3 — 3 — 
AFP - Tire additives (1)
1 — 1 — 
AM - Performance films (2)
— — 3 — 
AFP - Animal nutrition (3)
— — 1 — 
52 1 59 45 
Other Restructuring Costs
Cost reduction initiatives (7)
7 1 7 3 
Discontinuation of growth initiatives contract termination fees (4)
1 — 4 — 
AFP - Discontinued capital project (10)
— — — 4 
8 1 11 7 
Total$60 $2 $215 $52 

(1)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the Additives & Functional Products ("AFP") segment from the closure of a tire additives manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization.
(2)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the Advanced Materials ("AM") segment from the closure of a performance films manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization.
(3)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the AFP segment from the closure of an animal nutrition manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization.
(4)Fixed asset impairments and contract termination fees resulting from management's decision to discontinue growth initiatives for polyester based microfibers, including Avra™ performance fibers, the financial results of which were not allocated to an operating segment and reported in "Other".
(5)Intangible asset impairment charges in the AFP segment tire additives business to reduce the carrying values of the Crystex™ and Santoflex™ tradenames to the estimated fair values. The estimated fair values were determined using an income approach, specifically, the relief from royalty method, including some unobservable inputs. The impairments are primarily the result of weakened demand in transportation markets impacted by COVID-19 and increased competitive pricing pressure as a result of global capacity increases.
(6)Intangible asset impairment charge in the AFP segment for customer relationships.
(7)Severance and related costs as part of business improvement and cost reduction initiatives which were reported in "Other".
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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(8)Severance charges of $1 million and $4 million in third quarter and first nine months 2020, respectively, in the Chemical Intermediates ("CI") segment, and $1 million in both third quarter and first nine months 2020 in the AFP segment, resulting from the previously disclosed plan to discontinue production of certain products at the Singapore manufacturing site. Restructuring charges totaling up to $50 million are expected through 2020 and 2021 for this action.
(9)Severance in the AM segment due to the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization. In addition, accelerated depreciation of $7 million was recognized in "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in third quarter 2020 related to the closure of this facility. Management expects total charges of up to $30 million, mostly in "Cost of sales" and in "Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings, in 2020 and 2021 for the closure of this facility.
(10)Additional restructuring charge related to a capital project in the AFP segment that was discontinued in 2016.

Changes in Reserves

The following table summarizes the changes in asset impairments and restructuring charges, the non-cash reductions attributable to asset impairments, and the cash reductions in restructuring reserves for severance costs and site closure costs paid in first nine months 2020 and full year 2019:
(Dollars in millions)Balance at January 1, 2020Provision/ AdjustmentsNon-cash Reductions/
Additions		Cash ReductionsBalance at September 30, 2020
Non-cash charges$— $145 $(145)$— $— 
Severance costs17 60 — (12)65 
Other restructuring costs11 10 — (8)13 
Total$28 $215 $(145)$(20)$78 


(Dollars in millions)		Balance at January 1, 2019Provision/ AdjustmentsNon-cash Reductions/
Additions		Cash ReductionsBalance at December 31, 2019
Non-cash charges$— $72 $(72)$— $— 
Severance costs6 45 — (34)17 
Other restructuring costs8 9 1 (7)11 
Total$14 $126 $(71)$(41)$28 

Substantially all severance costs remaining are expected to be applied to the reserves within one year.

14.SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION AWARDS

The Company utilizes share-based awards under employee and non-employee director compensation programs. These share-based awards have included restricted and unrestricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, and performance shares. In third quarter 2020 and 2019, $11 million and $13 million, respectively, of compensation expense before tax were recognized in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for all share-based awards. The impact on third quarter 2020 and 2019 net earnings of $8 million and $9 million, respectively, is net of deferred tax expense related to share-based award compensation for each period.

In first nine months 2020 and 2019, $31 million and $46 million, respectively, of compensation expense before tax were recognized in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for all share-based awards. The impact on first nine months 2020 and 2019 net earnings of $23 million and $34 million, respectively, is net of deferred tax expense related to share-based award compensation for each period.

For additional information regarding share-based compensation plans and awards, see Note 17, "Share-Based Compensation Plans and Awards", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
15.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Included in the line item "Other items, net" of the "Operating activities" section of the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are the following changes to Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position:
(Dollars in millions)First Nine Months
 20202019
Other current assets$(1)$23 
Other noncurrent assets(9)13 
Payables and other current liabilities42 79 
Long-term liabilities and equity71 (25)
Total$103 $90 

The above changes resulted primarily from accrued taxes, deferred taxes, environmental liabilities, monetized positions from raw material and energy, currency, and certain interest rate hedges, prepaid insurance, miscellaneous deferrals, value-added taxes, and other miscellaneous receivables and accruals.

16.SEGMENT AND REGIONAL SALES INFORMATION

Eastman's products and operations are managed and reported in four operating segments: Additives & Functional Products ("AFP"), Advanced Materials ("AM"), Chemical Intermediates ("CI"), and Fibers. The economic factors that impact the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows vary among the Company's business operating segments and the geographical regions in which they operate. For disaggregation of revenue by major product lines and regions for each business operating segment, see Note 19, "Segment and Regional Sales Information", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional financial information for each segment, see Part I, Item 1, "Business - Business Segments", in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(Dollars in millions)Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Sales by Segment2020201920202019
Additives & Functional Products$742 $832 $2,249 $2,510 
Advanced Materials668 697 1,850 2,050 
Chemical Intermediates506 579 1,559 1,865 
Fibers206 217 629 643 
Total Sales$2,122 $2,325 $6,287 $7,068 

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NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in millions)Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Earnings (Loss) Before Interest and Taxes by Segment2020201920202019
Additives & Functional Products $107 $144 $194 $437 
Advanced Materials 129 159 293 406 
Chemical Intermediates 31 34 131 170 
Fibers 41 51 140 144 
Total Earnings Before Interest and Taxes by Operating Segment308 388 758 1,157 
Other  
Growth initiatives and businesses not allocated to operating segments(22)(26)(73)(78)
Pension and other postretirement benefits income (expense), net not allocated to operating segments21 12 62 35 
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net(54)(2)(65)(48)
Other income (charges), net not allocated to operating segments(10)(5)(17)(8)
Total Earnings Before Interest and Taxes$243 $367 $665 $1,058 

(Dollars in millions)September 30,December 31,
Assets by Segment (1)
20202019
Additives & Functional Products$6,142 $6,387 
Advanced Materials4,358 4,415 
Chemical Intermediates2,616 2,775 
Fibers986 1,014 
Total Assets by Operating Segment14,102 14,591 
Corporate Assets1,907 1,417 
Total Assets$16,009 $16,008 
(1)Segment assets include accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, goodwill, and intangible assets.

(Dollars in millions)Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Sales by Customer Location2020201920202019
United States and Canada$894 $966 $2,660 $2,961 
Asia Pacific547 602 1,565 1,729 
Europe, Middle East, and Africa556 611 1,713 1,949 
Latin America125 146 349 429 
Total Sales$2,122 $2,325 $6,287 $7,068 


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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Page


  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is based upon the consolidated financial statements of Eastman Chemical Company ("Eastman" or the "Company"), which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements, including related notes, and MD&A contained in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements, including related notes, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All references to earnings per share ("EPS") contained in this report are diluted EPS unless otherwise noted.
 
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Non-GAAP financial measures, and the accompanying reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measures, are presented below in this section and in "Overview", "Results of Operations", "Summary by Operating Segment", and "Liquidity and Other Financial Information" in this MD&A.

Management discloses non-GAAP financial measures, and the related reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP financial measures, because it believes investors use these metrics in evaluating longer term period-over-period performance, and to allow investors to better understand and evaluate the information used by management to assess the Company's and its operating segments' performances, make resource allocation decisions, and evaluate organizational and individual performances in determining certain performance-based compensation. Non-GAAP financial measures do not have definitions under GAAP, and may be defined differently by, and not be comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, management cautions investors not to place undue reliance on any non-GAAP financial measure, but to consider such measures alongside the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Company Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-Core Items and any Unusual or Non-Recurring Items Excluded from Non-GAAP Earnings

In addition to evaluating Eastman's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows as reported in accordance with GAAP, management also evaluates Company and operating segment performance, and makes resource allocation and performance evaluation decisions, excluding the effect of transactions, costs, and losses or gains that do not directly result from Eastman's normal, or "core", business and operations or are otherwise of an unusual or non-recurring nature.

•Non-core transactions, costs, and losses or gains relate to, among other things, cost reductions, growth and profitability improvement initiatives, and other events outside of core business operations, and have included asset impairments and restructuring charges and gains, costs of and related to acquisitions, gains and losses from and costs related to dispositions, closure, or shutdowns of businesses or assets, financing transaction costs, and mark-to-market losses or gains for pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

•In first nine months 2019, the Company recognized an unusual increase to earnings from adjustments of the provision for income taxes resulting from tax law changes, primarily the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Reform Act"), and the tax impact of the related outside-U.S. entity reorganizations. Management considers these actions and associated costs and income unusual because of the infrequent nature of such changes in tax law and resulting actions and the significant one-time impacts on earnings.

Because non-core, unusual, or non-recurring transactions, costs, and losses or gains may materially affect the Company's, or any particular operating segment's, financial condition or results in a specific period in which they are recognized, management believes it is appropriate to evaluate both the financial measures prepared and calculated in accordance with GAAP and the related non-GAAP financial measures excluding the effect on the Company's results of these non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items. In addition to using such measures to evaluate results in a specific period, management evaluates such non-GAAP measures, and believes that investors may also evaluate such measures, because such measures may provide more complete and consistent comparisons of the Company's and its segments' operational performance on a period-over-period historical basis and, as a result, provide a better indication of expected future trends.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Adjusted Tax Rate and Provision for Income Taxes

In interim periods, Eastman discloses non-GAAP earnings with an adjusted effective tax rate and a resulting adjusted provision for income taxes using the Company's forecasted tax rate for the full year as of the end of the interim period. The adjusted effective tax rate and resulting adjusted provision for income taxes are equal to the Company's projected full year effective tax rate and provision for income taxes on earnings excluding non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items for completed periods. The adjusted effective tax rate and resulting adjusted provision for income taxes may fluctuate during the year for changes in events and circumstances that change the Company's forecasted annual effective tax rate and resulting provision for income taxes excluding non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items. Management discloses this adjusted effective tax rate, and the related reconciliation to the GAAP effective tax rate, to provide investors more complete and consistent comparisons of the Company's operational performance on a period-over-period interim basis and on the same basis as management evaluates quarterly financial results to provide a better indication of expected full year results.

Non-GAAP Cash Flow Measures

Eastman regularly evaluates and discloses to investors and securities analysts an alternative non-GAAP measure of "free cash flow", which management defines as cash provided by or used in operating activities less the amount of net capital expenditures (typically the GAAP measure additions to properties and equipment). Such net capital expenditures are generally funded from available cash and, as such, management believes they should be considered in determining free cash flow. Management believes this is an appropriate metric to assess the Company's ability to fund priorities for uses of available cash. The priorities for cash after funding operations include payment of quarterly dividends, repayment of debt, funding targeted growth opportunities, and repurchasing shares. Management believes this metric is useful to investors and securities analysts to provide them with information similar to that used by management in evaluating financial performance and potential future cash available for various initiatives and assessing organizational performance in determining certain performance-based compensation and because management believes investors and securities analysts often use a similar measure of free cash flow to compare the results, and value, of comparable companies. In addition, Eastman may disclose to investors and securities analysts an alternative non-GAAP measure of "free cash flow yield", which management defines as annual free cash flow divided by the Company's market capitalization. Management believes this metric is useful to investors and securities analysts in comparing cash flow generation with that of peer and other companies.

Non-GAAP Debt Measure

Eastman from time to time evaluates and discloses to investors and securities and credit analysts the non-GAAP debt measure "net debt", which management defines as total borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. Management believes this metric is useful to investors and securities and credit analysts to provide them with information similar to that used by management in evaluating the Company's overall financial position, liquidity, and leverage and because management believes investors, securities analysts, credit analysts and rating agencies, and lenders often use a similar measure to assess and compare companies' relative financial position and liquidity.

Non-GAAP Measures in this Quarterly Report

The following non-core items are excluded by management in its evaluation of certain earnings results in this Quarterly Report:
•Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net,
•Accelerated depreciation resulting from the closure of a manufacturing facility as part of ongoing site optimization, and
•Early debt extinguishment costs resulting from repayment of borrowings.

The following unusual item is excluded by management in its evaluation of certain earnings results in this Quarterly Report:
•Adjustments to the provision for income taxes resulting from fourth quarter 2017 tax law changes, primarily the Tax Reform Act, and related outside-U.S. entity reorganizations.

As described above, the alternative non-GAAP measures of cash flow, free cash flow, and of debt, net debt, are also presented in this Quarterly Report.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Excluded Non-Core and Unusual Items and Adjustments to Provision for Income Taxes
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)2020201920202019
Non-core items impacting earnings before interest and taxes:
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net$60 $2 $215 $52 
Accelerated depreciation7 — 7 — 
Total non-core items impacting earnings before interest and taxes67 2 222 52 
Non-core item impacting earnings before income taxes:
Early debt extinguishment costs1 — 1 — 
Total non-core item impacting earnings before income taxes1 — 1 — 
Less: Items impacting provision for income taxes:
Tax effect of non-core items17 1 53 13 
Adjustments from tax law changes and outside-U.S. entity reorganizations— — — (7)
Interim adjustment to tax provision(2)— 9 (13)
Total items impacting provision for income taxes15 1 62 (7)
Total items impacting net earnings attributable to Eastman$53 $1 $161 $59 

This MD&A includes an analysis of the effect of the foregoing on the following GAAP financial measures:

•Gross profit,
•Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT"),
•Provision for income taxes,
•Net earnings attributable to Eastman,
•Diluted EPS, and
•Net cash provided by operating activities.

Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Alternative Non-GAAP Cash Flow Measures

In addition to the non-GAAP measures presented in this Quarterly Report and other periodic reports, management occasionally has evaluated and disclosed to investors and securities analysts the non-GAAP measure cash provided by or used in operating activities excluding certain non-core, unusual, or non-recurring sources or uses of cash or including cash from or used by activities that are managed as part of core business operations ("adjusted cash provided by or used in operating activities") when analyzing, among other things, business performance, liquidity and financial position, and performance-based compensation. Management has used this non-GAAP measure in conjunction with the GAAP measure cash provided by or used in operating activities because it believes it is an appropriate metric to evaluate the cash flows from Eastman's core operations that are available for organic and inorganic growth initiatives and because it allows for a more consistent period-over-period presentation of such amounts. In its evaluation, management generally excludes the impact of certain non-core activities and decisions of management that it considers not core, ongoing components of operations and the decisions to undertake or not to undertake such activities may be made irrespective of the cash generated from operations, and generally includes cash from or used in activities that are managed as operating activities and in business operating decisions. Management has disclosed this non-GAAP measure and the related reconciliation to investors and securities analysts to allow them to better understand and evaluate the information used by management in its decision-making processes and because management believes investors and securities analysts use similar measures to assess Company performance, liquidity, and financial position over multiple periods and to compare these with other companies.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Alternative Non-GAAP Earnings Measures

From time to time, Eastman may also disclose to investors and securities analysts the non-GAAP earnings measures "EBIT Margin", "Adjusted EBITDA", "EBITDA Margin", and "Return on Invested Capital" (or "ROIC"). Management defines EBIT Margin as the GAAP measure EBIT adjusted to exclude the same non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items as are excluded from the Company's other non-GAAP earnings measures for the same periods divided by the GAAP measure sales in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for the same period. Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA (net earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted to exclude the same non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items as are excluded from the Company's other non-GAAP earnings measures for the same periods. EBITDA Margin is Adjusted EBITDA divided by the GAAP measure sales in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for the same periods. Management defines ROIC as net earnings plus interest expense after tax divided by average total borrowings plus average stockholders' equity for the periods presented, each derived from the GAAP measures in the Company's financial statements for the periods presented. Management believes that EBIT Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin, and ROIC are useful as supplemental measures in evaluating the performance of and returns from Eastman's operating businesses, and from time to time uses such measures in internal performance calculations. Further, management understands that investors and securities analysts often use similar measures of EBIT Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin, and ROIC to compare the results, returns, and value of the Company with those of peer and other companies.

OVERVIEW

Eastman's products and operations are managed and reported in four operating segments: Additives & Functional Products ("AFP"), Advanced Materials ("AM"), Chemical Intermediates ("CI"), and Fibers. Eastman uses an innovation-driven growth model which consists of leveraging world class scalable technology platforms, delivering differentiated application development capabilities, and relentlessly engaging the market. The Company's world class technology platforms form the foundation of sustainable growth by differentiated products through significant scale advantages in research and development ("R&D") and advantaged global market access. Differentiated application development converts market complexity into opportunities for growth and accelerates innovation by enabling a deeper understanding of the value of Eastman's products and how they perform within customers' and end-users' products. Key areas of application development include thermoplastic conversion, functional films, coatings formulations, rubber additive formulations, adhesives formulations, nonwovens and textiles, animal nutrition, and chemical and plastics recycling technologies. The Company engages the market by working directly with customers and downstream users, targeting attractive niche markets, and leveraging disruptive macro trends. Management believes that these elements of the Company's innovation-driven growth model, combined with disciplined portfolio management and balanced capital deployment, will result in consistent, sustainable earnings growth and strong cash flow.

The Company generated sales revenue of $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion in third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $6.3 billion and $7.1 billion in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. EBIT was $243 million and $367 million in third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $665 million and $1.058 billion in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Excluding the non-core and unusual items identified in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures", adjusted EBIT was $310 million and $369 million in third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $887 million and $1.11 billion in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Sales revenue decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower selling prices. As overall economic conditions improved through the third quarter, sales volume recovered to five percent below 2019 levels. Sales volume for products serving end-markets negatively impacted by the COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic ("COVID-19"), including transportation, building and construction, and consumer durables, increased compared to second quarter 2020. Sales volume for products used in certain resilient end-markets positively impacted by COVID-19, including consumables, personal care, and medical, declined compared to second quarter 2020. As sales volume improved throughout the third quarter 2020, the Company increased capacity utilization across all available assets. Lower selling prices in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 were primarily due to lower raw material prices. Adjusted EBIT decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 due to lower sales volume, reduced capacity utilization, and less favorable product mix, partially offset by the impact of cost reduction actions.

Further discussion of sales revenue and EBIT changes is presented in "Results of Operations" and "Summary by Operating Segment" in this MD&A.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net earnings and EPS and adjusted net earnings and EPS were as follows:
Third Quarter
20202019
(Dollars in millions, except EPS)$EPS$EPS
Net earnings attributable to Eastman$161 $1.18 $266 $1.93 
Total non-core and unusual items, net of tax51 0.37 1 0.01 
Interim adjustment to tax provision2 0.02 — — 
Adjusted net earnings$214 $1.57 $267 $1.94 
First Nine Months
20202019
(Dollars in millions, except EPS)
 $
EPS
 $
EPS
Net earnings attributable to Eastman$446 $3.27 $733 $5.27 
Total non-core and unusual items, net of tax170 1.24 46 0.34 
Interim adjustment to tax provision(9)(0.06)13 0.09 
Adjusted net earnings$607 $4.45 $792 $5.70 

Cash provided by operating activities was $1.049 billion and $833 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Free cash flow was $771 million and $525 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.

COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Response and Impact

Following the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020, in March 2020 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control issued guidelines to mitigate the spread and health consequences of COVID-19. The Company implemented changes to its operations and business practices to follow the guidelines and minimize physical interaction, including using technology to allow employees to work from home when possible and altering production procedures and schedules.

In response to the uncertainties of the impact of COVID-19 (including on overall business and market conditions; Eastman manufacturing sites and distribution, sales, and service facilities closure or reduced availability; and Eastman products market demand weakness and supply chain disruption), management's focus shifted to cash flow, liquidity, and cost management.

As previously reported, as a precautionary measure due to increased financial market volatility resulting from COVID-19, Eastman took certain liquidity actions, including borrowing $400 million under the revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Facility") in first quarter 2020 and $250 million under a new 364-Day Term Loan Credit Agreement (the "Term Loan") in second quarter 2020. Borrowings under the Credit Facility were repaid in second quarter 2020 and borrowings under the Term Loan were repaid in third quarter 2020. The Company reduced net debt by $363 million in the first nine months 2020, and its cash balance as of September 30, 2020 was $650 million. See "Liquidity and Other Financial Information" for additional information.

In first nine months 2020, capacity utilization was substantially lower due to lower sales volume and the Company's focus on maximizing cash generation by reducing inventories, reducing EBIT approximately $205 million. Cost reduction actions in response to COVID-19, some of which are expected to be structural, included reduced discretionary spending, deferred asset maintenance turnarounds, and adjusted operations to ensure the health and safety of employees and contractors, totaling approximately $115 million in first nine months 2020 and are expected to total approximately $150 million for full year 2020, primarily in "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. See "Summary by Operating Segment" and "Outlook" for additional information.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Sales
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
ChangeChange
(Dollars in millions)20202019 $%20202019 $%
Sales$2,122 $2,325 $(203)(9)%$6,287 $7,068 $(781)(11)%
Volume / product mix effect(117)(5)%(422)(6)%
Price effect(100)(5)%(345)(5)%
Exchange rate effect14 1 %(14)— %

Sales revenue decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 as a result of decreases in all operating segments. Further discussion by operating segment is presented in "Summary by Operating Segment" in this MD&A.

Gross Profit
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019Change20202019Change
Gross profit$501 $574 (13)%$1,449 $1,737 (17)%
Accelerated depreciation7 — 7 — 
Gross profit excluding non-core item$508 $574 (11)%$1,456 $1,737 (16)%

Third quarter and first nine months 2020 EBIT included accelerated depreciation resulting from the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility in North America in the AM segment as part of ongoing site optimization actions. Excluding this non-core item, gross profit decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 as a result of decreases in all operating segments. Further discussion of sales revenue and EBIT changes is presented in "Summary by Operating Segment" in this MD&A.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019Change20202019Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$165 $163 1 %$480 $515 (7)%

Selling, General and Administrative ("SG&A") expenses slightly increased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily as a result of higher variable compensation costs mostly offset by cost reduction actions. SG&A expenses decreased in first nine months 2020 compared to first nine months 2019 primarily as a result of cost reduction actions.

Research and Development Expenses
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019Change20202019Change
Research and development expenses$56 $59 (5)%$169 $174 (3)%

R&D expenses decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 primarily due to cost reduction actions including increased focus on project prioritization.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Asset Impairments and Restructuring Charges, Net

(Dollars in millions)Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Fixed Asset Impairments2020201920202019
Site optimizations
AFP - Tire additives (1)
$— $— $5 $— 
AM - Performance films (2)
— — 4 — 
AFP - Animal nutrition (3)
— — 3 — 
Discontinuation of growth initiatives (4)
— — 8 — 
— — 20 — 
Intangible Asset Impairments
AFP -Tradenames (5)
— — 123 — 
AFP - Customer relationships (6)
— — 2 — 
— — 125 — 
Severance Charges
Business improvement and cost reduction initiatives (7)
46 1 46 45 
CI & AFP - Singapore (8)
2 — 5 — 
Site optimizations
AM - Advanced interlayers (9)
3 — 3 — 
AFP - Tire additives (1)
1 — 1 — 
AM - Performance films (2)
— — 3 — 
AFP - Animal nutrition (3)
— — 1 — 
52 1 59 45 
Other Restructuring Costs
Cost reduction initiatives (7)
7 1 7 3 
Discontinuation of growth initiatives contract termination fees (4)
1 — 4 — 
AFP - Discontinued capital project (10)
— — — 4 
8 1 11 7 
Total$60 $2 $215 $52 

(1)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the AFP segment from the closure of a tire additives manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization.
(2)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the AM segment from the closure of a performance films manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization.
(3)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the AFP segment from the closure of an animal nutrition manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization.
(4)Fixed asset impairments and contract termination fees resulting from management's decision to discontinue growth initiatives for polyester based microfibers, including Avra™ performance fibers, the financial results of which were not allocated to an operating segment and reported in "Other".
(5)Intangible asset impairment charges in the AFP segment tire additives business to reduce the carrying values of the Crystex™ and Santoflex™ tradenames to the estimated fair values. The estimated fair values were determined using an income approach, specifically, the relief from royalty method, including some unobservable inputs. The impairments are primarily the result of weakened demand in transportation markets impacted by COVID-19 and increased competitive pricing pressure as a result of global capacity increases.
(6)Intangible asset impairment charge in the AFP segment for customer relationships.
(7)Severance and related costs as part of business improvement and cost reduction initiatives which were reported in "Other".
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(8)Severance charges of $1 million and $4 million in third quarter and first nine months 2020, respectively, in the CI segment, and $1 million in both third quarter and first nine months 2020 in the AFP segment, resulting from the previously disclosed plan to discontinue production of certain products at the Singapore manufacturing site. Restructuring charges totaling up to $50 million are expected through 2020 and 2021 for this action. This action is projected to result in an estimated annual earnings benefit of approximately $25 million, primarily in the CI segment, beginning mostly in 2021.
(9)Severance in the AM segment due to the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization. In addition, accelerated depreciation of $7 million was recognized in "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in third quarter 2020 related to the closure of this facility. Management expects total charges of up to $30 million, mostly in "Cost of sales" and in "Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings, in 2020 and 2021 for the closure of this facility. This closure is projected to result in an estimated annual earnings benefit between $5 million and $10 million beginning in 2021.
(10)Additional restructuring charge related to a capital project in the AFP segment that was discontinued in 2016.

For more information regarding asset impairments and restructuring charges, net see Note 13, "Asset Impairments and Restructuring Charges, Net", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Other Components of Post-employment (Benefit) Cost, Net
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)2020201920202019
Other components of post-employment (benefit) cost, net$(30)$(20)$(90)$(62)

For more information regarding other components of post-employment (benefit) cost, net see Note 7, "Retirement Plans", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Other (Income) Charges, Net
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)2020201920202019
Foreign exchange transaction (gains) losses, net$8 $4 $14 $6 
(Income) loss from equity investments and other investment (gains) losses, net(3)(2)(10)(8)
Other, net2 1 6 2 
Other (income) charges, net$7 $3 $10 $— 

For more information regarding components of foreign exchange transaction losses, see Note 6, "Derivative and Non-Derivative Financial Instruments", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Earnings Before Interest and Taxes
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019Change20202019Change
Earnings before interest and taxes$243 $367 (34)%$665 $1,058 (37)%
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net60 2 215 52 
Accelerated depreciation7 — 7 — 
Earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core items$310 $369 (16)%$887 $1,110 (20)%

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
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Net Interest Expense
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019Change20202019Change
Gross interest costs$55 $56 (2)%$165 $170 (3)%
Less: Capitalized interest1 1 3 3 
Interest expense54 55 162 167 
Less: Interest income2 1  3 2  
Net interest expense$52 $54 (4)%$159 $165 (4)%

Net interest expense decreased primarily as a result of lower interest rates and prior year repayment of public debt.

Early Debt Extinguishment Costs

In third quarter 2020, the Company repaid the Term Loan using available cash. The early repayment resulted in a charge of $1 million for early debt extinguishment costs for unamortized issuance costs. For additional information regarding the early debt extinguishment costs, see Note 5, "Borrowings" to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Provision for Income Taxes
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
2020201920202019
(Dollars in millions)$%$%$%$%
Provision for income taxes and effective tax rate$25 13 %$46 15 %$50 10 %$158 18 %
Tax provision for non-core items (1)
17 1 53 13 
Adjustments from tax law changes and outside-U.S. entity reorganizations— — — (7)
Interim adjustment to tax provision (2)
(2)— 9 (13)
Adjusted provision for income taxes and effective tax rate$40 16 %$47 15 %$112 16 %$151 16 %
(1)Provision for income taxes for non-core and unusual items is calculated using the tax rate for the jurisdiction where the gains are taxable and the expenses are deductible.
(2)Third quarter 2020 provision for income taxes was adjusted to reflect the current forecasted full year effective tax rate. Third quarter 2019 provision for income taxes was adjusted to reflect the then current forecasted full year effective tax rate. The adjusted provision for income taxes for first nine months 2020 and 2019 are calculated applying the forecasted full year effective tax rates as shown below.
First Nine Months (1)
20202019
Effective tax rate10 %18 %
Tax impact of current year non-core and unusual items (2)
7 %1 %
Changes in tax contingencies and valuation allowances1 %— %
Forecasted full year impact of expected tax events(2)%(3)%
Forecasted full year adjusted effective tax rate16 %16 %
(1)Effective tax rate percentages are rounded to the nearest whole percent. The forecasted full year effective tax rates are 15.5 percent and 16.0 percent for first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)Provision for income taxes for non-core and unusual items is calculated using the tax rate for the jurisdiction where the gains are taxable and the expenses are deductible.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
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Net Earnings Attributable to Eastman and Diluted Earnings per Share
Third Quarter
20202019
(Dollars in millions, except EPS)$EPS$EPS
Net earnings and diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman$161 $1.18 $266 $1.93 
Non-core items, net of tax: (1)
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net45 0.33 1 0.01 
Accelerated depreciation5 0.04 — — 
Early debt extinguishment costs1 — — — 
Interim adjustment to tax provision2 0.02 — — 
Adjusted net earnings and diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman$214 $1.57 $267 $1.94 

First Nine Months
20202019
(Dollars in millions, except EPS)$EPS$EPS
Net earnings and diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman$446 $3.27 $733 $5.27 
Non-core items, net of tax: (1)
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net164 1.20 39 0.29 
Accelerated depreciation5 0.04 — — 
Early debt extinguishment costs1 — — — 
Unusual items, net of tax: (1)
Adjustments from tax law changes and outside-U.S. entity reorganizations— — 7 0.05 
Interim adjustment to tax provision(9)(0.06)13 0.09 
Adjusted net earnings and diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman$607 $4.45 $792 $5.70 
(1)Provision for income taxes for non-core and unusual items is calculated using the tax rate for the jurisdiction where the gains are taxable and the expenses are deductible.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
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SUMMARY BY OPERATING SEGMENT

Eastman's products and operations are managed and reported in four operating segments: Additives & Functional Products ("AFP"), Advanced Materials ("AM"), Chemical Intermediates ("CI"), and Fibers. For additional financial and product information for each operating segment, see Part I, Item 1, "Business - Business Segments" and Part II, Item 8, Note 19, "Segment and Regional Sales Information", in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Additives & Functional Products Segment
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Change  Change
20202019 $%20202019 $%
(Dollars in millions)
Sales$742 $832 $(90)(11)%$2,249 $2,510 $(261)(10)%
Volume / product mix effect(67)(8)%  (142)(6)%
Price effect(30)(4)%  (115)(4)%
Exchange rate effect7 1 %  (4)— %
Earnings before interest and taxes$107 $144 $(37)(26)%$194 $437 $(243)(56)%
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net2 — 2 136 4 132 
Earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core items109 144 (35)(24)%330 441 (111)(25)%

Sales revenue in third quarter 2020 decreased compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume, lower selling prices, and less favorable product mix. The negative impact of COVID-19 on demand resulted in lower sales volume of specialty fluids and coatings and inks additives sold into transportation end-markets resulting in less favorable product mix. Lower selling prices were primarily attributed to increased competition in tire additives product markets. Cost-pass-through contracts, primarily in care chemicals, also contributed to lower selling prices.

Sales revenue in first nine months 2020 decreased compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower selling prices. Lower sales volume was due to lower sales volume of tire additives, coatings and inks additives, and specialty fluids sold into transportation end-markets, partially offset by higher sales volume of care chemicals and adhesives resins products sold into certain consumable and personal care end-markets, resulting in less favorable product mix. Lower selling prices were due to increased competitive activity in tire additives, adhesives resins, and animal nutrition products. Lower raw material prices also contributed to price declines, particularly for cost-pass-through contracts.

Third quarter 2020 EBIT included severance charges of $1 million for closure of a manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization actions and $1 million related to the previously reported plan to discontinue production of certain products at the Singapore manufacturing facility. Excluding these non-core items, EBIT decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to $48 million of lower sales volume, including less favorable product mix, and higher manufacturing costs primarily due to lower capacity utilization and reduction of inventory. These higher costs were offset $17 million by cost reduction actions.

First nine months 2020 EBIT included intangible asset impairment charges of $125 million for tradenames and customer relationships. The impairments are primarily the result of weakened demand in transportation markets impacted by COVID-19 and increased competitive pricing pressure as a result of global capacity increases. First nine months 2020 EBIT also included asset impairments and restructuring charges of $10 million for closure of manufacturing facilities in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization actions and $1 million related to the previously reported plan to discontinue production of certain products at the Singapore manufacturing facility. First nine months 2019 EBIT included a restructuring charge related to a capital project. Excluding these non-core items, EBIT decreased in first nine months 2020 compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to $132 million of lower sales volume and higher manufacturing costs primarily due to lower capacity utilization and reduction of inventory. These higher costs were offset $28 million by cost reduction actions.
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Advanced Materials Segment
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Change  Change
20202019 $%20202019 $%
(Dollars in millions)
Sales$668 $697 $(29)(4)%$1,850 $2,050 $(200)(10)%
Volume / product mix effect(16)(2)%  (140)(7)%
Price effect(18)(3)%  (53)(3)%
Exchange rate effect5 1 %  (7)— %
Earnings before interest and taxes$129 $159 $(30)(19)%$293 $406 $(113)(28)%
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net3 — 3 10 — 10 
Accelerated depreciation7 — 7 7 — 7 
Earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core items139 159 (20)(13)%310 406 (96)(24)%

Sales revenue in third quarter 2020 decreased compared to third quarter 2019 due to lower selling prices, less favorable product mix, and lower sales volume. Lower selling prices were primarily attributed to lower raw material prices, particularly for paraxylene used in copolyester products. The negative impact of COVID-19 on demand resulted in lower sales volume of advanced interlayers products sold into transportation end-markets and lower specialty plastics sales volume, partially offset by increased performance films sales volume attributed to stronger demand.

Sales revenue in first nine months 2020 decreased compared to first nine months 2019 due to lower sales volume and less favorable product mix. The negative impact of COVID-19 on demand resulted in lower sales volume of advanced interlayers products sold into transportation end-markets, and lower specialty plastics sales volume, partially offset by increased sales volume of certain standard copolyester products used in applications for personal care and wellness and consumables end-markets attributed to strengthened demand due to COVID-19.

Third quarter 2020 EBIT included severance charges of $3 million and accelerated depreciation of $7 million resulting from the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization actions. Excluding these non-core items, EBIT in third quarter 2020 decreased compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to $30 million of lower sales volume and higher manufacturing costs due to lower capacity utilization and reduction of inventory and lower selling prices mostly offset by lower raw material and energy costs by $4 million. These higher costs were offset $15 million by cost reduction actions.
First nine months 2020 EBIT included severance charges of $3 million and accelerated depreciation charges of $7 million resulting from the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility, and asset impairments and restructuring charges of $7 million resulting from the closure of a performance films manufacturing facility, both in North America, as part of ongoing site optimization actions. Excluding these non-core items, EBIT in first nine months 2020 decreased compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to $145 million of lower sales volume and higher manufacturing costs due to lower capacity utilization and reduction of inventory. The lower sales volume was primarily due to declines in advanced interlayers products sold into transportation end-markets partially offset by growth in copolyester products sold in consumer durables end-markets, resulting in a less favorable product mix. These higher costs were offset $42 million by cost reduction actions and lower raw material and energy costs offsetting lower selling prices by $18 million.

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Chemical Intermediates Segment
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Change  Change
20202019 $%20202019 $%
(Dollars in millions)
Sales$506 $579 $(73)(13)%$1,559 $1,865 $(306)(16)%
Volume / product mix effect(27)(5)%  (137)(7)%
Price effect(48)(8)%  (167)(9)%
Exchange rate effect2 — %  (2)— %
Earnings before interest and taxes$31 $34 $(3)(9)%$131 $170 $(39)(23)%
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net1 — 1 4 — 4 
Earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core item32 34 (2)(6)%135 170 (35)(21)%

Sales revenue in third quarter 2020 decreased compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower selling prices and lower sales volume across the segment. Lower selling prices resulted from lower raw material prices. Lower sales volume was due to planned maintenance shutdowns and also attributed to the negative impact of COVID-19 on demand, partially offset by licensing revenue of $14 million.

Sales revenue in first nine months 2020 decreased compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower selling prices across the segment attributed to lower raw material prices and lower sales volume in most product lines attributed to the negative impact of COVID-19 on demand and increased competitive pressure.

Third quarter and first nine months 2020 EBIT included severance charges related to the previously reported plan to discontinue production of certain products at the Singapore manufacturing facility. Excluding this non-core item, EBIT decreased compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 primarily due to $24 million and $77 million, respectively, of lower sales volume and higher manufacturing costs due to lower capacity utilization, and lower selling prices partially offset by lower raw material and energy costs, totaling $10 million in both periods. The higher manufacturing costs were offset by $17 million and $32 million of cost reduction actions and $14 million and $18 million of technology licensing earnings in third quarter and first nine months 2020, respectively.

Fibers Segment
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
Change  Change
20202019 $%20202019 $%
(Dollars in millions)
Sales$206 $217 $(11)(5)%$629 $643 $(14)(2)%
Volume / product mix effect(7)(3)%  (3)— %
Price effect(4)(2)%  (10)(2)%
Exchange rate effect— — %  (1)— %
Earnings before interest and taxes$41 $51 $(10)(20)%$140 $144 $(4)(3)%

Sales revenue in third quarter and first nine months 2020 decreased compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower textile products sales volume attributed to the impact of COVID-19 on demand and lower acetate tow selling prices primarily due to previously negotiated multi-year contracts.
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Third quarter 2020 EBIT decreased compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to $8 million of lower sales volume and higher manufacturing costs due to lower capacity utilization and reduction of inventory, and lower selling prices mostly offset by lower raw material and energy costs by $3 million. These higher costs were offset $4 million by cost reduction actions.
First nine months 2020 EBIT decreased compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to $13 million of lower sales volume and higher manufacturing costs due to lower capacity utilization and reduction of inventory. These higher costs were offset $8 million by cost reduction actions.
Other
Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
2020201920202019
(Dollars in millions)
Loss before interest and taxes
Growth initiatives and businesses not allocated to operating segments$(22)$(26)$(73)$(78)
Pension and other postretirement benefits income (expense), net not allocated to operating segments21 12 62 35 
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net(54)(2)(65)(48)
Other income (charges), net not allocated to operating segments(10)(5)(17)(8)
Loss before interest and taxes$(65)$(21)$(93)$(99)
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net54 2 65 48 
Loss before interest and taxes excluding non-core items(11)(19)(28)(51)
Costs related to growth initiatives, R&D costs, certain components of pension and other postretirement benefits, and other expenses and income not identifiable to an operating segment are not included in operating segment results for any of the periods presented and are included in "Other". In third quarter and first nine months 2020, the Company recognized charges of $53 million for severance and related costs as part of business improvement and cost reduction initiatives. Additionally, in third quarter and first nine months 2020 the Company recognized charges of $1 million and $4 million, respectively, for contract termination fees, and in first nine months 2020 charges of $8 million for asset impairments resulting from management's decision to discontinue certain growth initiatives for polyester based microfibers, including Avra™ performance fibers.

SALES BY CUSTOMER LOCATION
Sales Revenue
 Third QuarterFirst Nine Months
ChangeChange
(Dollars in millions)20202019$%20202019 $%
United States and Canada$894 $966 $(72)(7)%$2,660 $2,961 $(301)(10)%
Asia Pacific547 602 (55)(9)%1,565 1,729 (164)(9)%
Europe, Middle East, and Africa556 611 (55)(9)%1,713 1,949 (236)(12)%
Latin America125 146 (21)(14)%349 429 (80)(19)%
Total Eastman Chemical Company$2,122 $2,325 $(203)(9)%$6,287 $7,068 $(781)(11)%

Sales revenue in United States and Canada decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower selling prices in all operating segments and lower sales volume in all operating segments, except in the AFP segment. Sales revenue in United States and Canada decreased in first nine months 2020 compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower selling prices in all operating segments and lower sales volume in all operating segments, except in the Fibers segment.

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Sales revenue in Asia Pacific decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower selling prices in all operating segments, particularly in the AFP and CI segments, and lower sales volume in all operating segments. Sales revenue in Asia Pacific decreased in first nine months 2020 compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower selling prices in all operating segments, particularly in the AFP and CI segments, and lower sales volume in all operating segments, except in the Fibers segment.

Sales revenue in Europe, Middle East, and Africa decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume in all operating segments, except in the Fibers segment, and lower selling prices in all operating segments. Sales revenue in Europe, Middle East, and Africa decreased in first nine months 2020 compared to first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower selling prices in all operating segments.

Sales revenue in Latin America decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower selling prices in all operating segments.

LIQUIDITY AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

COVID-19 Liquidity Actions

Priorities for uses of available cash for full year 2020 include payment of the quarterly dividend and the reduction of net debt by more than $600 million. In first quarter and second quarter 2020, as a precautionary measure due to increased financial market volatility resulting from COVID-19, the Company took certain liquidity actions, including borrowing $400 million under its existing Credit Facility and $250 million under a new Term Loan. Borrowings under the Credit Facility were repaid in second quarter 2020 and borrowings under the Term Loan were repaid in third quarter 2020. As previously reported, in second quarter 2020, the Company amended the covenants of both loan agreements to reflect higher cash balances and the expected negative impact on operating results impacted by COVID-19.

Cash Flows

Cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents, and the other sources of liquidity described below are expected to be available and sufficient to meet foreseeable cash requirements. However, the Company's cash flows from operations can be affected by numerous factors including risks associated with global operations, raw material availability and cost, demand for and pricing of Eastman's products, capacity utilization, and other factors described under "Risk Factors" in this MD&A. Management believes maintaining a financial profile consistent with an investment grade credit rating is important to its long-term strategic and financial flexibility.
First Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities$1,049 $833 
Investing activities(282)(360)
Financing activities(322)(487)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents1 (5)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents446 (19)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period204 226 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$650 $207 
 
Cash provided by operating activities increased $216 million in first nine months 2020 compared with first nine months 2019 due to lower increases in net working capital (trade receivables, inventories, and trade payables), primarily due to a decrease in inventories, partially offset by lower net earnings.

Cash used in investing activities decreased $78 million in first nine months 2020 compared with first nine months 2019 due to lower additions to properties and equipment and acquisitions in the AFP and Fibers business segments in first nine months 2019.

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Cash used in financing activities decreased $165 million in first nine months 2020 compared with first nine months 2019 due to lower share repurchases, partially offset by lower net proceeds from borrowings and higher dividend payments.

 First Nine Months
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,049 $833 
Capital expenditures(278)(308)
Free cash flow$771 $525 

Working Capital Management and Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

Eastman applies a proactive and disciplined approach to working capital management to optimize cash flow and to enable a full range of capital allocation options in support of the Company's strategy. Eastman expects to continue utilizing the programs described below to support free cash flow consistent with our past practices.

Since 2019, the Company has been expanding its off balance sheet, uncommitted accounts receivable factoring program under which entire invoices may be sold, without recourse, to third-party financial institutions. Available capacity under these agreements, which the Company uses as a source of working capital funding, is dependent on the level of accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institutions' willingness to purchase such receivables. The total amounts sold in third quarter 2020 and 2019 were $336 million and $190 million, respectively, and $1.20 billion and $460 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Based on the original terms of receivables sold for certain agreements and actual outstanding balance of receivables under service agreements, the Company estimates that $134 million and $169 million of these receivables would have been outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, had they not been sold under these factoring agreements.

Eastman works with suppliers to optimize payment terms and conditions on accounts payable to enhance timing of working capital and cash flows. As part of these efforts, in 2019 the Company introduced a voluntary supply chain finance program to provide suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from Eastman to a participating financial institution. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding both programs.

Debt and Other Commitments
(Dollars in millions)Payments Due for
PeriodDebt SecuritiesCredit Facilities and OtherInterest PayablePurchase ObligationsOperating LeasesOther LiabilitiesTotal
Remainder of 2020$— $185 $52 $57 $17 $129 $440 
2021483 — 184 165 56 81 969 
2022743 — 174 103 42 88 1,150 
2023876 — 155 91 29 87 1,238 
2024241 — 135 94 16 100 586 
2025 and beyond3,337 — 1,407 1,959 35 1,139 7,877 
Total$5,680 $185 $2,107 $2,469 $195 $1,624 $12,260 

In October 2020, the Company repaid the 4.5% notes due January 2021 ($185 million principal) using available cash. For information about debt and related interest, see Note 5, "Borrowings", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

For information about purchase obligations and operating leases, see Note 8, "Leases and Other Commitments", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Amounts in other liabilities represent the current estimated cash payments required to be made by the Company primarily for pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental matters, accrued compensation benefits, uncertain tax liabilities, and commodity and foreign exchange hedging in the periods indicated. Due to uncertainties in the timing of the effective settlement of tax positions with respect to taxing authorities, management is unable to determine the timing of payments related to uncertain tax liabilities and these amounts are included in the "2025 and beyond" line item. See Note 7, "Retirement Plans" and Note 9, "Environmental Matters and Asset Retirement Obligations", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for more information regarding pension and other postretirement benefit obligations and outstanding environmental matters and asset retirement obligations, respectively.

Loan Agreement, Credit Facility, and Commercial Paper Borrowings

In second quarter 2020, the Company borrowed $250 million under a new Term Loan as a precautionary measure due to increased financial market volatility, particularly in the availability and terms of commercial paper, resulting from COVID-19. In third quarter 2020, the Term Loan was repaid using available cash. See Note 5, "Borrowings" to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The Company has access to a $1.50 billion Credit Facility expiring October 2023. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are subject to interest at varying spreads above quoted market rates and a commitment fee is paid on the total unused commitment. The Credit Facility provides available liquidity for general corporate purposes and supports commercial paper borrowings. At September 30, 2020, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. At September 30, 2020, the Company's commercial paper borrowings were $185 million with a weighted average interest rate of 0.35 percent. See Note 5, "Borrowings", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including requirements to maintain certain financial ratios, that determine the events of default, amounts available, and terms of borrowings. The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. As previously reported, in second quarter 2020 the Company amended the Credit Facility and the Term Loan maximum debt covenants to reflect the higher cash balance to enhance liquidity due to, and the expected negative impact on operating results of, COVID-19 and added a new restrictive covenant prohibiting stock repurchases until June 30, 2021 in the event certain financial ratios are exceeded. See the Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 6, 2020 for additional information on the amendments to the Credit Facility and the Term Loan. The total amount of available borrowings under the Credit Facility was approximately $1.50 billion as of September 30, 2020.

In April 2020, management made the decision not to renew the Company's $250 million accounts receivable securitization agreement, determining other available sources of liquidity sufficient to meet foreseeable cash requirements. See Note 5, "Borrowings", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Net Debt
 September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Total borrowings$5,865 $5,782 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents650 204 
Net debt$5,215 $5,578 

In the first nine months 2020 the Company reduced net debt by $363 million.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures were $278 million and $308 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Capital expenditures in first nine months 2020 were primarily for targeted growth initiatives and site modernization projects. The Company expects that 2020 capital expenditures will be between $350 million and $375 million.

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Stock Repurchases and Dividends

In February 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2 billion of the Company's outstanding common stock at such times, in such amounts, and on such terms, as determined by management to be in the best interest of the Company. As of September 30, 2020, a total of 7,887,216 shares have been repurchased under this authorization for a total amount of $633 million.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make decisions which impact the reported amounts and the related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and assumptions on which to base estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, Eastman evaluates its estimates, including those related to impairment of long-lived assets, environmental costs, pension and other postretirement benefits, litigation and contingent liabilities, and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management believes the critical accounting estimates described in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K are the most important to the fair presentation of the Company's financial condition and results. These estimates require management's most significant judgments in the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill is an asset determined as the residual of the purchase price over the fair value of identified assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. As of September 30, 2020, the goodwill balance as reported on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position is $4.4 billion. In accordance with GAAP, Eastman conducts testing of goodwill annually in the fourth quarter of each year or more frequently when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. As a result of the impact on the Company of market deterioration impacted by COVID-19, the Company considered whether these conditions indicated that it was more likely than not that goodwill was impaired for each of its reporting units. Management does not believe it is more likely than not that goodwill was impaired for each of its reporting units as of September 30, 2020.

However, as previously reported in second quarter 2020, the decrease in forecasted revenue and EBIT for the tire additives reporting unit (part of the AFP operating segment as described in Part I, Item 1, "Business", of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K) reduced the fair value such that the estimated fair value approximates the carrying value. The decrease in forecasted revenue and EBIT for the tire additives reporting unit is primarily the result of weakened demand in transportation markets impacted by COVID-19 and increased competitive pricing pressure as a result of global capacity increases. The Company uses an income approach, including some unobservable inputs, and applies a discounted cash flow model in testing the carrying value of goodwill. Key assumptions and estimates used in this impairment testing included projections of revenues and EBIT, the estimated weighted average cost of capital ("WACC"), and a projected long-term growth rate. The Company believes these assumptions are consistent with those a hypothetical market participant would use given circumstances that were present at the time the estimates were made. However, actual results and amounts may be significantly different from the Company's estimates. In addition, the use of different estimates or assumptions could result in materially different estimated fair value. The WACC is calculated incorporating weighted average returns on debt and equity from market participants. Therefore, changes in the market, which are beyond the control of the Company, may have an impact on future calculations of estimated fair value. The Company performed a sensitivity analysis assuming a 25 basis point decrease in the projected long-term growth rate or a 25 basis point increase in the WACC, and both scenarios independently yielded approximately a $50 million decrease to the estimated fair value for the tire additives reporting unit. As of September 30, 2020, goodwill allocated to the tire additives reporting unit is $721 million. Additional declines in the market conditions or forecasted revenue and EBIT could result in an impairment of goodwill, especially for the tire additives reporting unit.


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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

Eastman conducts testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. The carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is considered to be impaired when the fair value, as established by appraisal or based on discounted future cash flows of certain related products, is less than the respective carrying value.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets, consisting primarily of various tradenames, are tested for potential impairment by comparing the estimated fair value to the carrying amount. The Company uses an income approach, specifically the relief from royalty method, including some unobservable inputs, to test indefinite-lived intangible assets. The estimated fair value of tradenames is determined based on an assumed royalty rate savings, discounted by the calculated market participant WACC plus a risk premium.

As previously reported in second quarter 2020, the Company reviewed the indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with the tire additives reporting unit for impairment. As a result of the review, the Company recognized intangible asset impairments of $123 million in second quarter 2020 in the tire additives reporting unit to reduce the carrying value of the Crystex™ and Santoflex™ tradenames to the estimated fair value. After recognizing the impairment, the Company had $371 million in indefinite-lived intangible assets. Amortization began in third quarter 2020 for the remaining tradename carrying value of $42 million for the tire additives reporting unit. Additional declines in the market conditions or forecasted revenue could result in additional impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets.

The Company will continue to monitor both goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for any indication of events, including the continued impact of COVID-19, which might require additional testing before the next annual impairment test and could result in material impairment charges.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

For information regarding the impact of recently issued accounting standards, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

OUTLOOK

The continuing negative impact of COVID-19 (on overall business and market conditions; Eastman manufacturing sites and distribution, sales, and service facilities closure or reduced availability; and Eastman products market demand weakness and supply chain disruption) remains uncertain. Accordingly, in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for first quarter 2020, management withdrew the previous 2020 earnings and cash flow forecasts and underlying expectations disclosed in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Outlook" in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For full year 2020, management expects:
•cost reduction actions in response to COVID-19, some of which are expected to be structural, including reduced discretionary spending, deferred asset maintenance turnarounds, and adjusted operations to ensure the health and safety of employees and contractors, to reduce costs approximately $150 million;
•free cash flow greater than $1 billion enabling more than $600 million of net debt reduction (excluding the impact of currency translation on debt); and
•limiting share repurchases to offset dilution, with no share repurchases in second half of 2020.

Assuming recent overall demand for Eastman products continues in fourth quarter 2020, including sales volume exceeding that of underlying end-markets for more innovative product lines including performance films, specialty plastics, and coatings additives, management expects fourth quarter 2020 adjusted EPS will be similar to fourth quarter 2019 adjusted EPS of $1.42.

The Company's fourth quarter and full year 2020 financial results forecasts do not include non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items. Accordingly, management is unable to reconcile projected earnings excluding non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items to project reported GAAP earnings without unreasonable efforts.

See "Risk Factors" below.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


RISK FACTORS

In addition to factors described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, the following are the most significant known factors, risks, and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report and elsewhere from time to time. See "Forward-Looking Statements".

Continued uncertain conditions in the global economy and the financial markets could negatively impact the Company.

The Company's business and operating results were impacted by the last global recession, and its related impacts, such as the credit market crisis, declining consumer and business confidence, fluctuating commodity prices, volatile exchange rates, and other challenges that impacted the global economy. Similarly, continued uncertainty in the global economy and global capital markets resulting from the current COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic have adversely impacted and are expected to continue to adversely impact demand for certain Eastman products and, accordingly results of operations, and may adversely impact the Company's financial condition and cash flows and ability to access the credit and capital markets under attractive rates and terms and negatively impact the Company's liquidity or ability to pursue certain growth initiatives.

Volatility in costs for strategic raw material and energy commodities or disruption in the supply of these commodities could adversely impact the Company's financial results.

Eastman is reliant on certain strategic raw material and energy commodities for its operations and utilizes risk management tools, including hedging, as appropriate, to mitigate market fluctuations in raw material and energy costs. These risk mitigation measures do not eliminate all exposure to market fluctuations and may limit the Company from fully benefiting from lower raw material costs and, conversely, offset the impact of higher raw material costs. In addition, the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic has adversely impacted and is expected to continue to impact, and natural disasters, plant interruptions, changes in laws or regulations, war or other outbreak of hostilities or terrorism, and breakdown or degradation of transportation and supply chain infrastructure used for delivery of strategic raw material and energy commodities could adversely impact, both the cost and availability of these commodities.

Loss or financial weakness of any of the Company's largest customers could adversely impact the Company's financial results.

Although Eastman has an extensive customer base, loss of, or material financial weakness of, certain of the Company's largest customers could adversely impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations until such business is replaced. No assurances can be made that the Company would be able to regain or replace any lost customers.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Company's business is subject to operating risks common to chemical manufacturing businesses, including cyber security risks, any of which could disrupt manufacturing operations or related infrastructure and adversely impact results of operations.

As a global specialty chemicals manufacturing company, Eastman's business is subject to operating risks common to chemical manufacturing, storage, handling, and transportation, including explosions, fires, inclement weather, natural disasters, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, transportation and supply chain interruptions, remediation, chemical spills, discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous substances or gases. Significant limitation on the Company's ability to manufacture products due to disruption of manufacturing operations or related infrastructure could have a material adverse impact on the Company's sales revenue, costs, results of operations, credit ratings, and financial condition. Disruptions could occur due to internal factors such as computer or equipment malfunction (accidental or intentional), operator error, or process failures; or external factors such as supply chain disruption due to the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic, computer or equipment malfunction at third-party service providers, natural disasters, changes in laws or regulations, war or other outbreak of hostilities or terrorism, cyber attacks, or breakdown or degradation of transportation and supply chain infrastructure used for delivery of supplies to the Company or for delivery of products to customers. The Company has in the past experienced cyber attacks and breaches of its computer information systems, although none of these have had a material adverse impact on the Company's operations. While the Company remains committed to managing cyber related risk, no assurances can be provided that any future disruptions due to these, or other, circumstances will not have a material impact on operations. Unplanned disruptions of manufacturing operations or related infrastructure could be significant in scale and could negatively impact operations, neighbors, and the environment, and could have a negative impact on the Company's results of operations. As previously reported, manufacturing operations and earnings have been negatively impacted by the second quarter 2018 third-party supplier operational disruptions at the Texas City and Longview, Texas manufacturing facilities.

Growth initiatives may not achieve desired business or financial objectives and may require significant resources in addition to or different from those available or in excess of those estimated or budgeted for such initiatives.

Eastman continues to identify and pursue growth opportunities through both organic and inorganic initiatives. These growth opportunities include development and commercialization or licensing of innovative new products and technologies and related employee leadership, expertise, skill development and retention, expansion into new markets and geographic regions, alliances, ventures, and acquisitions that complement and extend the Company's portfolio of businesses and capabilities. Such initiatives are necessarily constrained by available and development of additional resources, including development, attraction, and retention of employee leadership, application development, and sales and marketing talent and capabilities. There can be no assurance that such innovation, development and commercialization or licensing efforts, investments, or acquisitions and alliances (including integration of acquired businesses) will result in financially successful commercialization of products, or acceptance by existing or new customers, or successful entry into new markets or otherwise achieve their underlying strategic business objectives or that they will be beneficial to the Company's results of operations. There also can be no assurance that capital projects for growth efforts can be completed within the time or at the costs projected due, among other things, to demand for and availability of construction materials and labor and obtaining regulatory approvals and operating permits and reaching agreement on terms of key agreements and arrangements with potential suppliers and customers. Any such delays or cost overruns or the inability to obtain such approvals or to reach such agreements on acceptable terms could negatively impact the returns from any proposed or current investments and projects.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Company's substantial global operations subject it to risks of doing business in other countries, including U.S. and non-U.S. trade relations, which could adversely impact its business, financial condition, and results of operations.

More than half of Eastman's sales for 2019 were to customers outside of North America. The Company expects sales from international markets to continue to represent a significant portion of its sales. Also, a significant portion of the Company's manufacturing capacity is located outside of the United States. Accordingly, the Company's business is subject to risks related to the differing legal, political, cultural, social and regulatory requirements, and economic conditions of many jurisdictions. Fluctuations in exchange rates may impact product demand and may adversely impact the profitability in U.S. dollars of products and services provided in foreign countries. In addition, the U.S. or foreign countries have imposed and may impose additional taxes or otherwise tax Eastman's foreign income, or adopt or increase restrictions on foreign trade or investment, including currency exchange controls, tariffs or other taxes, or limitations on imports or exports (including recent and proposed changes in U.S. trade policy and resulting retaliatory actions by other countries, including China, which have recently reduced and which may increasingly reduce demand for and increase costs of impacted products or result in U.S.-based trade counterparties limiting trade with U.S.-based companies or non-U.S. customers limiting their purchases from U.S.-based companies). Certain legal and political risks are also inherent in the operation of a company with Eastman's global scope. For example, it may be more difficult for Eastman to enforce its agreements or collect receivables through foreign legal systems, and the laws of some countries may not protect the Company's intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. Failure of foreign countries to have laws to protect Eastman's intellectual property rights or an inability to effectively enforce such rights in foreign countries could result in loss of valuable proprietary information. There is also risk that foreign governments may nationalize private enterprises in certain countries where Eastman operates. Social and cultural norms in certain countries may not support compliance with Eastman's corporate policies including those that require compliance with substantive laws and regulations. Also, changes in general economic and political conditions (including the U.K. departure from the European Union, also known as "Brexit") in countries where Eastman operates are a risk to the Company's financial performance. As Eastman continues to operate its business globally, its success will depend, in part, on its ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other related risks. There can be no assurance that the consequences of these and other factors relating to its multinational operations will not have an adverse impact on Eastman's business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Legislative, regulatory, or voluntary actions could increase the Company's future health, safety, and environmental compliance costs.

Eastman and its facilities and businesses are subject to complex health, safety, and environmental laws, regulations and related voluntary actions, both in the U.S. and internationally, which require and will continue to require significant expenditures to remain in compliance with such laws, regulations, and voluntary actions. The Company's accruals for such costs and associated liabilities are subject to changes in estimates on which the accruals are based. For example, any amount accrued for environmental matters reflects the Company's assumptions about remediation requirements at the contaminated site, the nature of the remedy, the outcome of discussions with regulatory agencies and other potentially responsible parties at multi-party sites, and the number of and financial viability of other potentially responsible parties. Changes in the estimates on which the accruals are based, unanticipated government enforcement action, or changes in health, safety, environmental, chemical control regulations and actions, and testing requirements could result in higher costs. Specifically, future changes in legislation and regulation and related voluntary actions associated with physical impacts of climate change may increase the likelihood that the Company's manufacturing facilities will in the future be impacted by carbon requirements, regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, and energy policy, and may result in capital expenditures, increases in costs for raw materials and energy, limitations on raw material and energy source and supply choices, and other direct compliance costs.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Significant acquisitions expose the Company to risks and uncertainties, the occurrence of any of which could materially adversely impact the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations.

While acquisitions have been and continue to be a part of Eastman's growth strategy, acquisitions of large companies and businesses (such as the previous acquisitions of Taminco Corporation and Solutia, Inc.) subject the Company to a number of risks and uncertainties, the occurrence of any of which could have a material adverse impact on Eastman. These include, but are not limited to, the possibilities that the actual and projected future financial performance of the acquired business may be significantly worse than expected and that, as reported in "Critical Accounting Estimates - Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Goodwill" in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report, the carrying values of certain assets from acquisitions may, as has been the case for certain acquired assets primarily in the AFP segment, be impaired resulting in charges to future earnings; that significant additional indebtedness may constrain the Company's ability to access the credit and capital markets at attractive interest rates and favorable terms, which may negatively impact the Company's liquidity or ability to pursue certain growth initiatives; that the Company may not be able to achieve the cost, revenue, tax, or other "synergies" expected from any acquisition, or that there may be delays in achieving any such synergies; that management's time and effort may be dedicated to the new business resulting in a loss of focus on the successful operation of the Company's existing businesses; and that the Company may be required to expend significant additional resources in order to integrate any acquired business into Eastman or that the integration efforts will not achieve the expected benefits.

In addition to the foregoing most significant known risk factors to the Company, there may be other factors, not currently known to the Company, which could, in the future, materially adversely impact the Company, its business, financial condition, or results of operations. The foregoing discussion of the most significant risk factors to the Company does not necessarily present them in order of importance. This disclosure, including information under "Outlook" and other forward-looking statements and related disclosures made by the Company in this Quarterly Report and elsewhere from time to time, represents management's best judgment as of the date the information is given. The Company does not undertake responsibility for updating any of such information, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. Investors are advised, however, to consult any further public Company disclosures (such as in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in Company press releases) on related subjects.


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ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Eastman has exposure to various market risks principally due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the pricing of various commodities, and interest rates. In an effort to manage these risks, the Company employs various strategies, including pricing, inventory management, and hedging. The Company enters into derivative contracts which are governed by policies, procedures, and internal processes set forth by its Board of Directors.

The Company determines its exposures to market risk by utilizing sensitivity analyses, which measure the potential losses in fair value resulting from one or more selected hypothetical changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, or interest rates. For more information regarding exposures, refer to Part II, Item 7A of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

There have been no material changes to the Company's market risks from those disclosed in Part II, Item 7A of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Eastman maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that as of September 30, 2020, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed was accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter of 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

General

From time to time, Eastman and its operations are parties to, or targets of, lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, asbestos, patent and intellectual property, commercial, contract, environmental, antitrust, health and safety, and employment matters, which are handled and defended in the ordinary course of business. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these matters, it does not believe, based upon currently available facts, that the ultimate resolution of any such pending matters will have a material adverse effect on its overall financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Solutia Legacy Torts Claims Litigation

Pursuant to an Amended and Restated Settlement Agreement effective February 28, 2008 between Solutia, Inc. ("Solutia") and Monsanto Company ("Monsanto") in connection with Solutia's emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings (the "Monsanto Settlement Agreement"), Monsanto is responsible for the defense and indemnification of Solutia against any Legacy Tort Claims (as defined in the Monsanto Settlement Agreement) and Solutia has agreed to retain responsibility for certain tort claims, if any, that may arise from Solutia's conduct after its spinoff from Pharmacia Corporation (f/k/a Monsanto), which occurred on September 1, 1997. Solutia, which became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eastman upon Eastman's acquisition of Solutia in July 2012, has been named as a defendant in several such proceedings, and has submitted the matters to Monsanto, which was acquired by Bayer AG in June 2018, as Legacy Tort Claims. To the extent these matters are not within the meaning of Legacy Tort Claims, Solutia could potentially be liable thereunder. In connection with the completion of its acquisition of Solutia, Eastman guaranteed the obligations of Solutia and Eastman was added as an indemnified party under the Monsanto Settlement Agreement.

Trenton, Michigan Environmental Proceeding

In December 2018, Solutia, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, received a Notice and Finding of Violations from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Region 5 Office ("EPA") alleging that Solutia's Trenton, Michigan manufacturing operation violated certain federal air quality regulations and certain provisions in the site's Clean Air Act Title V permit. Company representatives recently met with EPA and have determined that it is not reasonably likely that any civil penalty assessed by EPA will be less than $100,000. While the Company intends to vigorously defend against these allegations, this disclosure is made pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K, Item 103, Instruction 5.C., which currently requires disclosure of administrative proceedings commenced under environmental laws that involve governmental authorities as parties and potential monetary sanctions in excess of $100,000. The Company believes that the ultimate resolution of this proceeding will not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS

For identification and discussion of the most significant risks applicable to the Company and its business, see "Risk Factors" in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) Not applicable.



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ITEM 6.EXHIBITS

Exhibits filed as part of this report are listed in the Exhibit Index.


EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit NumberDescription
  
3.01
3.02
4.01
4.02Indenture, dated as of January 10, 1994, between Eastman Chemical Company and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 1994)
4.03
4.04Form of 7 1/4% Debentures due January 15, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4(d) to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 1994)
4.05Officers' Certificate pursuant to Sections 201 and 301 of the Indenture related to 7 5/8% Debentures due 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 8, 1994)
4.06Form of 7 5/8% Debentures due June 15, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4(b) to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 8, 1994)
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit NumberDescription
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
10.01*
31.01 *
31.02 *
32.01 *
32.02 *
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF *Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB *Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE *Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Denotes exhibit filed or furnished herewith.
** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement filed pursuant to Item 601(b) (10) (iii) of Regulation S-K.
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Eastman Chemical Company
Date:November 3, 2020By:/s/ William T. McLain, Jr.
William T. McLain, Jr.
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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