424B5 1 f424b5_040620.htm FORM 424B5

The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is effective. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and they are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED APRIL 7, 2020

 

 

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-228926

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(to the Prospectus dated January 30, 2019)

 

 

Common Shares

Series B Warrants to Purchase up to           Common Shares

 

 

We are offering      common shares and Series B warrants, which we refer to as the warrants, to purchase up to      common shares pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The common shares and warrants will be sold in a fixed combination consisting of one common share and      of a warrant to purchase one common share.

 

The warrants will have an exercise price of $       per share, will be immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date. The common shares and the warrants will be issued separately but are being sold together in this offering.

 

Our common shares are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “ZOM.” On April 6, 2020, the last reported sale price of our common shares on the NYSE American was $0.17 per share. There is no established public trading market for the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.

 

As of April 7, 2020, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common shares held by non-affiliates was $31.7 million based on 128,871,732 common shares outstanding, of which 114,535,776 are held by non-affiliates, and a per share price of $0.32, based on the last reported sale price of our common shares on the NYSE American on February 20, 2020. During the twelve calendar month period ending on and including the date of this prospectus supplement (but excluding this offering), we sold $2,500,000.08 of our securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3.

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-9  of this prospectus supplement.

 

We have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC as our exclusive placement agent to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase our common shares and warrants in this offering. The placement agent has no obligation to purchase any of the common shares and warrants from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the common shares and warrants. We have agreed to pay the placement agent the placement agent fees set forth in the table below and to provide certain other compensation to the placement agent. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-29 of this prospectus supplement for more information regarding these arrangements.

 

 

 

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), and, as such, we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Supplement Summary – Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” in this prospectus supplement for more information.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

     

Per Share

and Related Warrant

      Total  
Public offering price   $       $    
Placement agent fees (1)   $       $    
Proceeds to us, before expenses   $       $    

_________________

(1)   We have also agreed to issue warrants to purchase common shares to the placement agent as described under “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus supplement and pay the placement agent certain expenses. For additional information about the compensation paid to the placement agent, see “Plan of Distribution.”

 

We expect that delivery of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will be made on or about April      , 2020, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co.

 

The date of this prospectus supplement is               , 2020.

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Prospectus Supplement

 

  Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT S-1
CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS S-3
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY S-5
RISK FACTORS S-9
USE OF PROCEEDS S-13
DILUTION S-14
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES S-15
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS S-17
CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSDERATIONS S-27
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION S-29
LEGAL MATTERS S-31
EXPERTS S-31
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION S-32

 

Base Prospectus

 

  Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS 1
CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 1
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY 2
RISK FACTORS 3
USE OF PROCEEDS 3
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES 3
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES 6
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS 7
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES 8
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS 14
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS 15
FORMS OF SECURITIES 16
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 18
CERTAIN U.S. AND CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS 19
LEGAL MATTERS 19
EXPERTS 19
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 19

 

 

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus are part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Each time we conduct an offering to sell securities under the accompanying base prospectus we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering, including the price, the amount of securities being offered and the plan of distribution. The shelf registration statement was initially filed with the SEC on December 20, 2018 and was declared effective by the SEC on January 30, 2019. This prospectus supplement describes the specific details regarding this offering and may add, update or change information contained in the accompanying base prospectus. The accompanying base prospectus provides general information about us and our securities, some of which, such as the section entitled “Plan of Distribution,” may not apply to this offering. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus are an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We are not making offers to sell or solicitations to buy our securities in any jurisdiction in which an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making that offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation.

 

If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying base prospectus or the information incorporated by reference with an earlier date, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement, together with the base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus include all material information relating to this offering. We have not, and the placement agent has not, authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information and you must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus is accurate only as of the respective dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the information and documents incorporated by reference herein and therein before making an investment decision. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying base prospectus.

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus contain summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the full text of the actual documents, some of which have been filed or will be filed and incorporated by reference herein. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus supplement. We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

 

S-1

 

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus contain and incorporate by reference certain market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on Company-sponsored studies, independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, estimates as they relate to projections involve numerous assumptions, are subject to risks and uncertainties, and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus and under similar headings in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

 

All references in this prospectus supplement to “Zomedica,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. and its subsidiaries unless we state otherwise, or the context otherwise indicates. Unless otherwise noted herein, all references to “CDN$,” “CAD$,” or “Canadian dollars” are to the currency of Canada and “$,” “dollars,” “US$,” “United States dollars,” or “U.S. dollars” are to the currency of the United States. This prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein and therein contain references to trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other companies. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein and therein, including logos, artwork, and other visual displays, may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, service marks or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein are the property of their respective owners.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-2

 

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated by reference herein and therein contain forward-looking statements, or forward-looking information, as defined under applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively, “forward-looking statements”). In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about:

 

  the success, cost and timing of our research and development activities, validation studies and pivotal trials, including with respect to our lead product candidates, TRUFORMA™, ZM-017, ZM-022, ZM-020, ZM-007, ZM-012 ZM-006, and ZM-011;

 

  our ability to obtain, and the requirements for, regulatory approval from the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Veterinary Medicine and/or the USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics for our pharmaceutical and diagnostic product candidates, as applicable;

 

  our ability to obtain funding for our operations;

 

  the ability of our contract research organizations to appropriately conduct our safety studies and certain development activities;

 

  the ability of our contract manufacturing organizations to manufacture and supply our product candidates in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practices and our clinical needs;

 

  our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates;
     

 

the expected impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic on our operations, including the development and commercialization of our TRUFORMA™ platform and the five initial assays;

 

  our ability to develop and commercialize product candidates that can compete effectively against the product candidates developed and commercialized by our competitors or the current standards of care (including human generic drugs);

 

  the size and growth of the veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics markets;

 

  our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our current and future product candidates;

 

  regulatory developments in the United States;

 

  the loss of key scientific or management personnel;

 

  our expectations regarding the period during which we will be an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act;

 

  the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing; and

 

  our status as a “passive foreign investment company” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

S-3

 

 

These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed under the caption entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020 and other filings we make with the SEC from time to time.

 

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus supplement to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-4

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

 

This prospectus supplement summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding to invest in our securities. You should read this entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus carefully, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-10 and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the other information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, before making an investment decision.

 

Our Company

 

We are a development stage veterinary diagnostic and pharmaceutical company focused on creating point-of-care products for companion animals (canine, feline, and equine) that meet the unmet needs of clinical veterinarians. We believe that we have identified and are developing diagnostics and therapeutics that have the potential to significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases affecting companion animals. We believe that there are significant unmet medical needs for pets, and that the pet diagnostic and therapeutic segments of the animal health industry are likely to grow substantially as new diagnostic tools and treatments are identified, developed, and marketed specifically for companion animals.

 

Together with our strategic partners, we are developing a Bulk Acoustic Wave sensor-based veterinary point-of-care diagnostic platform for diagnosis and treatment management of disorders such as thyroid and adrenal abnormalities, a Raman spectroscopy-based point-of-care diagnostic platform for the detection of pathogens, and liquid biopsy assays for the detection of cancer and related consumables. The regulatory pathway to obtain pre-market regulatory approval of companion animal diagnostics is significantly shorter than for similar diagnostic products intended for human use. In certain cases, pre-market regulatory approval may be unnecessary, depending on the intended use of the diagnostic.

 

We also have identified a number of drugs that have proven safe and effective in humans that we are developing for use in canines and felines. We believe this development approach enables us to reduce the risks associated with obtaining regulatory approval for unproven product candidates and shortens the development timeline necessary to bring our product candidates to market. We have four drug product candidates in early development.

 

Recent Developments

 

In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020, we stated the following expectations with respect to our TRUFORMA™ platform:

 

  verification of TRUFORMA’s™ five initial assays was expected to be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2020;

 

  our goal was to complete validation by the end of the second quarter of 2020; and

 

  we expected to commence commercialization of the five initial assays in select strategic markets by the end of 2020.

 

S-5

 

 

However, the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, pandemic has impacted our expected timing for the development and commercialization of our TRUFORMA™ platform and the five initial assays due to a number of factors, including the following:

 

  our development partner has significantly reduced the number of employees working in its facilities which we expect will delay the completion of the verification of the five initial TRUFORMA™ assays and the manufacturing of commercial quantities of the TRUFORMA™ platform and the related assays;

 

  veterinary hospitals and clinics that had agreed to participate in the validation of our initial TRUFORMA™ assays have either shut down or limited their operations to those involving only life-threatening conditions; and

 

  potential customers have restricted access to their facilities which will affect our ability to perform on-site demonstrations and other marketing activities and to install purchased equipment.

 

We expect to complete the verification of the five initial TRUFORMA™ assays in the near future and we continue to work on other aspects of our TRUFORMA™ platform during this time. However, as a result of the factors described above, we will not be able to complete the various development and commercialization steps summarized above within the timeframes we had anticipated. Once our development partner, validation participants and potential customers are able to return to normal operating procedures, we will assess the impact of the pandemic and update our expected timing accordingly.

 

Corporate Information

 

Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. (formerly, Wise Oakwood Ventures Inc.) was originally incorporated as Wise Oakwood Ventures Inc. on January 7, 2013 under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta). On October 28, 2013, we completed our initial public offering in Canada and became classified as a Capital Pool Company, as defined under the rules of the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSX-V”). On April 21, 2016, we changed our name to Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. and consolidated our common shares on a one-for-two and one-half basis. ZoMedica Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“ZoMedica Inc.”) was incorporated on May 14, 2015 under the Canada Business Corporations Act. On April 21, 2016, we completed a qualifying transaction (the “Qualifying Transaction”) under TSX-V Policy 2.4 – Capital Pool Companies, consisting of a three-cornered amalgamation among our Company, ZoMedica Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiary. Under the Qualifying Transaction, ZoMedica Inc. and our subsidiary were amalgamated to form Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (“Zomedica Ltd.”). As consideration for the amalgamation, shareholders of ZoMedica Inc. became the owners of 97.6% (non-diluted) of our common shares, and ZoMedica Ltd. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Subsequent to the Qualifying Transaction, Zomedica Ltd. was vertically amalgamated into our Company. We have one wholly-owned subsidiary, Zomedica Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware company. Our principal executive offices are located at 100 Phoenix Drive, Suite 180, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, and our telephone number is (734) 369-2555. Our website address is www.zomedica.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this document.

 

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

 

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

 

  not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

 

  reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and

 

  exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

S-6

 

 

We may take advantage of these provisions until December 31, 2022. However, if certain events occur prior to December 31, 2022, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company before such date.

 

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-7

 

 

The Offering

 

The following is a brief summary of the terms of this offering. This summary is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or in the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference. You should carefully read this entire prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, including the risk factors included or incorporated herein by reference, before making a decision to invest in our securities.

 

Common shares offered by us  

         common shares.

 

Warrants offered by us  

Series B warrants to purchase up to         common shares. The warrants will have an exercise price of $ per share, will be immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date.

 

Common shares to be outstanding after this offering

 

          common shares, assuming no exercise of the warrants.

 

Use of proceeds  

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the continued development of our diagnostic platform, including making milestone payments, as they come due, under our existing license and collaboration agreements, and other general corporate and working capital purposes.   See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-13.

 

Risk factors  

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully review and consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-10 of this prospectus supplement and the risk factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

 

NYSE American symbol   “ZOM.” There is no established public trading market for the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.

 

S-8

 

 

The number of common shares expected to be outstanding after this offering is based on 128,871,732 common shares outstanding as of April 7, 2020, and excludes, as of that date, the following:

 

  11,991,265 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options with a weighted average exercise price of approximately $0.82 per share;
     
 

21,875,001 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of approximately $0.20 per share;

     
             common shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrants offered hereby;
     
  895,908 common shares available for future issuance under our equity incentive plan;  and
     
           common shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants to be issued to the placement agent as compensation in connections with this offering, as described in “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise indicates, the information in this prospectus supplement assumes no exercise of the warrants offered hereby and the warrants issuable to the placement agent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-9

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below and under the section captioned "Risk Factors" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020, and other filings we make with the SEC from time to time, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, together with other information in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the information incorporated by reference herein and therein. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could suffer materially. In such event, the trading price of our common shares could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment.

 

Risks Related to this Offering

 

You will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of your investment as a result of this offering. Because the combined public offering price per common share and related warrant will be higher than the as adjusted net tangible book value per common share after giving effect to this offering, you will suffer substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common shares you purchase in this offering. For a further description of the dilution that investors in this offering will experience, see “Dilution.” Investors in this offering will also be subject to increased dilution upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants.

 

Sales of our common shares by shareholders may have an adverse effect on the then prevailing market price of our common shares. Sales of a substantial number of our common shares in the public market following this offering could cause the market price of our common shares to decline and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common shares or other equity-related securities would have on the market price of our common shares.

 

Management will have broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively. Our management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds from this offering and our shareholders will not have the opportunity as part of their investment decisions to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. You may not agree with our decisions, and our use of the proceeds may not yield any return on your investment. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. Our failure to apply the net proceeds of this offering effectively could compromise our ability to pursue our growth strategy and we might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, in our investment of these net proceeds. You will not have the opportunity to influence our decisions on how to use our net proceeds from this offering.

 

We have not paid dividends in the past and have no plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to reinvest any future earnings to develop and commercialize our product candidates and to fund our operations. We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common shares for the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our common shares as a dividend. Therefore, you should not expect to receive cash dividends on the common shares we are offering.

 

Our Series 1 Preferred Shares will be reclassified as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet once we begin to recognize revenues which may cause us to fail to meet the NYSE American’s continued listing requirements.

 

Because we are obligated to make annual payments to the holders of our Series 1 Preferred Shares in an amount equal to nine percent of the net sales (as defined in the Series 1 Preferred Shares), if any, of our company and our affiliates, once we begin to recognize revenues from our commercial activities, we will be required under United States general accounting principles to reclassify the Series 1 Preferred Shares as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet. The reclassification will significantly increase our total liabilities and significantly reduce our shareholders’ equity. Under the NYSE American’s continued listing requirements, we are required to maintain shareholders’ equity of at least $4.0 million, which will increase to $6.0 million after December 31, 2020. As a result of the reclassification, we may fail to meet this continued listing requirement. If we are unable to satisfy the NYSE American’s continued listing requirements, our common shares could be delisted from the NYSE American which could adversely affect the liquidity and market price of our common shares.

 

S-10

 

 

We are subject to the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American. If we are unable to comply with such requirements, our common shares would be delisted from the NYSE American, which would limit investors’ ability to effect transactions in our common shares and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

 

Our common shares are currently listed on the NYSE American. In order to maintain our listing, we must maintain certain share prices, financial and share distribution targets, including maintaining a minimum amount of shareholders’ equity and a minimum number of public shareholders. In addition to these objective standards, the NYSE American may delist the securities of any issuer if, in its opinion, the issuer’s financial condition and/or operating results appear unsatisfactory; if it appears that the extent of public distribution or the aggregate market value of the security has become so reduced as to make continued listing on the NYSE American inadvisable; if the issuer sells or disposes of principal operating assets or ceases to be an operating company; if an issuer fails to comply with the NYSE American’s listing requirements; if an issuer’s common stock sells at what the NYSE American considers a “low selling price” (generally trading below $0.20 per share for an extended period of time); or if any other event occurs or any condition exists which makes continued listing on the NYSE American, in its opinion, inadvisable.

 

If the NYSE American delists our common shares from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our common shares would qualify to be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

 

  a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

 

  reduced liquidity for our securities;

 

  a determination that our common shares are a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

 

  a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

 

  a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

 

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our common shares are listed on the NYSE American, our common shares qualify as covered securities under such statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. If we were no longer listed on the NYSE American, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

 

There is no public market for the warrants being offered by us in this offering.

 

There is no established public trading market for the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.

 

S-11

 

 

Holders of the warrants offered hereby will have no rights as common stockholders with respect to the shares our common stock underlying the warrants until such holders exercise their warrants and acquire our common shares, except as otherwise provided in the warrants.

 

Until holders of the warrants acquire our common shares upon exercise thereof, such holders will have no rights with respect to the common shares underlying such warrants, except to the extent that holders of such warrants will have certain rights to participate in distributions or dividends paid on our common shares as set forth in the warrants. Upon exercise of the warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common shareholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

 

We believe that we will be a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for the current taxable year, which could subject certain U.S. investors to materially adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

 

 We believe we were classified as a PFIC during our taxable year ended December 31, 2019, and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we believe we may be a PFIC for the current and future taxable years. If we are a PFIC for any year in which you hold common shares or warrants and you are a U.S. Holder (as defined below, in “Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”), then you generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of such common shares or warrants, or any so-called “excess distribution” received on your common shares, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or distribution. In certain circumstances, the sum of the tax and the interest charge may exceed the total amount of proceeds you realize on the disposition or the amount of the excess distribution you receive. Subject to certain limitations, these tax consequences may be mitigated if you make a timely and effective Qualified Electing Fund election, or QEF Election, or a mark-to-market election, or Mark-to-Market Election. Subject to certain limitations, such elections may be made with respect to our common shares. A U.S. Holder may not make a QEF Election or Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the warrants. If you are a U.S. Holder and make a timely and effective QEF Election, you generally must report on a current basis your share of our net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which we are a PFIC, whether or not we distribute any amount to you, thus giving rise to so-called “phantom income” and to a potential tax liability. However, U.S. Holders should be aware that we do not intend to satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a “qualified electing fund,” or supply U.S. Holders with information that such U.S. Holders require to report under the QEF Election rules, in the event that we are a PFIC and a U.S. Holder wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, if you are a U.S. Holder, you may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to your common shares. If you are a U.S. Holder and make a timely and effective Mark-to-Market Election, you generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of your common shares over your tax basis therein, thus also possibly giving rise to phantom income and a potential tax liability. Ordinary loss generally is recognized only to the extent of net mark-to-market gains previously included in income. This paragraph is qualified in its entirety by the discussion below under the heading “Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.” Each potential investor who is a U.S. taxpayer should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our common shares and warrants.

 

If the Internal Revenue Service determines that we are not a PFIC and you previously paid taxes pursuant to a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election, you may pay more taxes than you legally owe.

 

If the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, makes a determination that we are not a PFIC and you previously paid taxes pursuant to a QEF Election or Mark-to-Market Election, then you may have paid more taxes than you legally owed due to such election. If you do not, or are unable to, file a refund claim before the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, you will not be able to claim a refund for those taxes.

 

S-12

 

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $      million, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and assuming the sale of all of the shares and warrants offered hereby. We will receive additional proceeds of $        if the warrants are exercised in full for cash, if any.

 

We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for the continued development of our diagnostic platform, including making milestone payments, as they come due, under our existing license and collaboration agreements, and other general corporate and working capital purposes. We have not determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for any such purposes. As a result, management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds. Pending the uses described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade interest-bearing securities such as money market accounts, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-13

 

 

DILUTION

 

If you purchase our securities in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the combined public offering price per share in this offering and our as adjusted net tangible book value per common share immediately after giving effect to this offering.

 

Net tangible book value per share represents total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of common shares outstanding. Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019 was approximately $1.6 million, or approximately $0.01 per share.

 

After giving effect to the issuance and sale of common shares and warrants to purchase up to      common shares at a combined public offering price of $        per share, assuming no exercise of the warrants, that no value is attributed to such warrants and that such warrants are classified as and accounted for as equity, and after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019 would have been approximately $     million, or approximately $       per common share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of approximately $       per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of $       per share to new investors purchasing our common shares in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 

Combined public offering price per share and related warrant           $    
Net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2019   $ 0.01          
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors   $            
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2019 after giving effect to this offering           $    
Dilution per share to new investors in this offering           $    

 

The above discussion and table are based on 108,038,398 common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and excludes, as of that date, the following:

 

  7,040,265 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options with a weighted average exercise price of approximately $1.28 per share; and

 

  3,763,574 common shares available for future issuance under our equity incentive plan.

 

To the extent that outstanding warrants and options are exercised, new options are issued under our equity incentive plan, or we issue additional common shares or equity-linked securities in the future, there may be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital because of market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or equity-linked securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our shareholders.

 

S-14

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

 

Common Shares

 

For a description of our common shares, please see the Description of Securities included as Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

Series B Warrants

 

The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Series B warrants, which we refer to as the warrants, that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the warrants, the form of which will be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K we file in connection with this offering.

 

Exercisability. The warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance, and at any time thereafter up to the fifth anniversary of the issuance date. The warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of the common shares underlying the warrants under the Securities Act is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of common shares purchased upon such exercise. If at the time of exercise there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the common shares underlying the warrants, then the warrants may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of common shares determined according to the formula set forth in the warrant.

 

Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or 9.99% upon the request of the holder) of the number of common shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage, provided that any increase will not be effective until the 61st day after such election.

 

Exercise Price. The warrants will have an exercise price of $      per share. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common shares and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our stockholders.

 

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

 

Exchange Listing. There is no established public trading market for the warrants being issued in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.

 

Fundamental Transactions. If a fundamental transaction occurs, then the successor entity will succeed to, and be substituted for us, and may exercise every right and power that we may exercise and will assume all of our obligations under the warrants with the same effect as if such successor entity had been named in the warrant itself. If holders of our common shares are given a choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a fundamental transaction, then the holder shall be given the same choice as to the consideration it receives upon any exercise of the warrant following such fundamental transaction. In addition, in certain circumstances, upon a fundamental transaction, the holder will have the right to require us to repurchase its warrant at its fair value using the Black Scholes option pricing formula; provided, however, that, if the fundamental transaction is not within our control, including not approved by our board of directors, then the holder shall only be entitled to receive the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes value of the unexercised portion of the warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of our common shares in connection with the fundamental transaction.

 

S-15

 

 

Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our common shares, the holder of a warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common shares, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the warrant.

 

Amendment and Waiver. The warrants may be modified or amended or the provisions thereof waived with the written consent of our company and the holders of at least a majority of the common shares issuable upon the exercise of the then-outstanding warrants (determined without giving effect to the exercise limitation provisions of the warrants); provided such modification, amendment or waiver applies to all of the then-outstanding warrants.

 

Certain Representations. By accepting the warrants, the holders thereof will be deemed to make certain representations with respect to Canadian securities law matters. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-16

 

 

MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following summary describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of acquiring, owning, and disposing of our common shares acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement or upon exercise of the warrants acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement, and the exercise, disposition, and lapse of such warrants.

 

Scope of this Summary

 

Tax Consequences Not Addressed

 

This summary does not address all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular U.S. Holder. In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a particular U.S. Holder, including specific tax consequences under an applicable income tax treaty. Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any U.S. Holder. This summary does not address any U.S. federal net investment income, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, or non-U.S. tax considerations. Except as specifically set forth below, this summary does not discuss tax reporting requirements that may be applicable to any particular U.S. Holder. Each prospective U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of our common shares and warrants acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement.

 

Authorities

 

This summary is based upon the provisions of the Code, the Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary, or proposed) promulgated thereunder, the Convention Between Canada and the United States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the “Canada-U.S. Tax Convention”), and administrative rulings and judicial decisions interpreting the Code and the Treasury Regulations, all as currently in effect, and all subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly on a retroactive basis. We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS regarding any matter discussed herein, and no assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position that is different from, and contrary to, the positions taken in this summary. This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial, of any proposed legislation that, if enacted, could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis.

 

U.S. Holders

 

For purposes of this summary, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of common shares and warrants acquired pursuant to this prospectus that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

·an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States (as determined under U.S. federal income tax rules);
·a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision of the United States;
·an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
·a trust that (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

S-17

 

 

Certain U.S. Holders Not Addressed

 

This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders that:

 

·are tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts;
·are financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies;
·are broker-dealers, dealers, or traders in securities or currencies that elect to apply a mark-to-market accounting method;
·have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar;
·own common shares or warrants as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other arrangement involving more than one position; 
·acquired common shares or warrants in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services;
·hold common shares or warrants other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes);
·own, have owned, or will own (directly, indirectly, or by attribution) 10% or more of the total combined voting power or total value of our outstanding shares;
·are subject to special tax accounting rules with respect to our common shares or warrants;
·are partnerships or other “pass through” entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes (or investors in such partnerships or entities);
·are U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; or
·are subject to taxing jurisdictions other than, or in addition to, the United States.

 

U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income, U.S. net investment income, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of our common shares and warrants.

 

The following summary is not a substitute for careful tax planning and advice. U.S. Holders of common shares and warrants are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the issues discussed herein, in light of their particular circumstances, as well as any considerations arising under the laws of any foreign, state, local, or other taxing jurisdiction.

 

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Acquisition of Common Shares and Warrants

 

The combined public offering price will be allocated between the common shares and the warrants in proportion to the relative fair market values of each at the time of purchase by the U.S. Holder. This allocation of the combined public offering price will establish a U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the common shares and warrants.

 

A U.S. Holder’s allocation of the purchase price between the common shares and the warrants is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and no assurance can be given that the IRS or the courts will agree with a U.S. Holder’s allocation. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the allocation of the offering price.

 

PFIC Status and Related Tax Consequences

 

Status as a PFIC

 

We believe we were classified as a PFIC during our taxable year ended December 31, 2019, and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we believe we will continue to be a PFIC for the current and future taxable years. As a result, certain potentially adverse rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder of acquiring, owning, and disposing of our common shares and warrants. No opinion of legal counsel or ruling from the IRS concerning our status as a PFIC has been obtained or is currently planned to be requested. The determination of whether any corporation was, or will be, a PFIC for a taxable year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. In addition, whether any corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year depends on the assets and income of such corporation calculated on an annual basis and, as a result, cannot be predicted with certainty as of the date of this prospectus supplement. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding our PFIC status.

 

S-18

 

 

A foreign corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC under Section 1297 of the Code in any taxable year in which either of the following tests is met:

 

·at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income,” or the PFIC Income Test; or
·at least 50% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income, based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets, or the PFIC Asset Test.

 

For this purpose, passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, gains from the disposition of passive assets and gains from commodities and securities transactions. Passive assets include cash and liquid securities, even if used as working capital.

 

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns common shares or warrants, such U.S. Holder will be subject to different taxation rules with respect to an investment in our common shares and warrants depending on whether such U.S. Holder makes an election to treat us as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code, or a QEF Election, or makes a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the Code, or a Mark-to-Market Election. A U.S. Holder that does not make either election is referred to in this summary as a “Non-Electing U.S. Holder.”

 

Default PFIC Rules

 

A Non-Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code. Pursuant to these rules, distributions are divided into two categories, “excess distributions” and others. An excess distribution is the amount received in a taxable year that exceeds 125% of the average annual distributions paid on our common shares in the three preceding taxable years. Any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares or warrants is also considered an excess distribution. Under these rules:

 

·the excess distribution is allocated ratably over the holding period (on a daily basis) for the common shares or warrants;
·the amount allocated to prior taxable years is subject to tax at the highest rate of tax applicable to ordinary income in each such year;
·an interest charge for the deemed tax deferral is imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such prior taxable year (a taxpayer that is not a corporation must treat any such interest paid as “personal interest,” which is not deductible); and
·the amount allocated to the current taxable year is taxed as ordinary income and would not be “qualified dividend income” or long-term capital gain (see “General Rules Applicable to the Ownership and Disposition of Common Shares – Distributions on Common Shares” below).

 

In addition, if a Non-Electing U.S. Holder who is an individual dies while owning our common shares the Non-Electing U.S. Holder’s successor would be ineligible to receive a step-up in tax basis of the common shares.

 

To the extent a distribution on our common shares does not constitute an excess distribution to a Non-Electing U.S. Holder, such Non-Electing U.S. Holder generally will be required to include the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that are not allocated to excess distributions, and will not be eligible for the reduced rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” with respect to such distribution.

 

Under proposed Treasury Regulations, if a U.S. Holder has an option, warrant, or other right to acquire stock of a PFIC (such as the warrants being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement), such option, warrant or right is considered to be PFIC stock subject to the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code. Under rules described below, the holding period for the common share acquired upon exercise of a warrant will begin on the date a U.S. Holder acquires the warrant. This will impact the availability of the QEF Election and Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the common shares acquired upon exercise of the warrants. Thus, a U.S. Holder will have to account for common shares acquired in this offering and common shares acquired upon exercise of the warrants under the PFIC rules and the applicable elections differently.

 

S-19

 

 

Although a determination as to our PFIC status will be made annually, an initial determination that we are a PFIC will generally apply for subsequent years to a Non-Electing U.S. Holder who held common shares or warrants while we are a PFIC, whether or not we meet the PFIC Income Test or PFIC Asset Test in those subsequent years. Non-Electing U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to their specific situation.

 

QEF Election

 

A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election with respect to our common shares acquired pursuant to this offering, referred to in this disclosure as an “Electing U.S. Holder,” will not be subject to the default PFIC tax, or Section 1291, and interest charge rules (or the denial of basis step-up at death) discussed above with respect to such shares. Instead, an Electing U.S. Holder must include in income such shareholder’s pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain, if any, for our taxable year that ends with or within the taxable year of the Electing U.S. Holder. The amount so included in income generally will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of such Electing U.S. Holder’s allocable share of the PFIC’s ordinary earnings and as long-term capital gain to the extent of such Electing U.S. Holder’s allocable share of the PFIC’s net capital gains. No portion of any such inclusion of ordinary earnings will be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.” If an Electing U.S. Holder is an individual, any such net capital gain inclusions would be eligible for taxation at the preferential capital gain tax rates. Such income inclusions generally will be treated as income from sources outside the United States for foreign tax credit purposes.

 

An Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such income inclusions for each taxable year in which we are a PFIC, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed to such Electing U.S. Holder. However, an Electing U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, elect to defer payment of current U.S. federal income tax on such amounts, subject to an interest charge. If an Electing U.S. Holder is not a corporation, any such interest will be treated as non-deductible “personal interest.”

 

Any net operating loss or net capital loss of a PFIC will not pass through to the Electing U.S. Holder and will not offset any ordinary earnings or net capital gain of a PFIC recognized by the Electing U.S. Holder in subsequent years (although such losses would ultimately reduce the gain, or increase the loss, recognized by the Electing U.S. Holder on its disposition of the common shares).

 

An Electing U.S. Holder generally (i) may receive a tax-free distribution from us to the extent that such distribution represents our earnings and profits that were previously included in income by the Electing U.S. Holder because of such QEF Election and (ii) will adjust such Electing U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares to reflect the amount included in income or allowed as a tax-free distribution because of such QEF Election. In addition, an Electing U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common shares.

 

If a U.S. Holder does not make a timely and effective QEF Election for the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares, the U.S. Holder may still be able to make a timely and effective QEF Election in a subsequent year if such U.S. Holder meets certain requirements and makes a “purging election” pursuant to Section 1291(d) of the Code recognizing gain as if its common shares were sold for their fair market value on the day the QEF Election is effective (which will be taxed under the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above). If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election but does not make a “purging election,” then such U.S. Holder shall not be subject to the QEF Election rules and shall continue to be subject to tax under the rules of Section 1291 discussed above with respect to its common shares. If a U.S. Holder owns PFIC stock indirectly through another PFIC, separate QEF Elections must be made for the PFIC in which the U.S. Holder is a direct shareholder and the subsidiary PFIC for the QEF rules to apply to both PFICs.

 

S-20

 

 

A QEF Election will apply to the taxable year for which such QEF Election is timely made and to all subsequent taxable years, unless such QEF Election is invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of such QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election and, in a subsequent taxable year we cease to be a PFIC, the QEF Election will remain in effect (although it will not be applicable) during those taxable years in which we are not a PFIC. Accordingly, if we become a PFIC in another subsequent taxable year, the QEF Election will be effective and the Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to the QEF rules described above during any subsequent taxable year in which the Company qualifies as a PFIC.

 

As discussed above, under proposed Treasury Regulations, if a U.S. Holder has an option, warrant, or other right to acquire stock of a PFIC (such as the warrants being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement), such option, warrant or right is considered to be PFIC stock subject to the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code. However, a U.S. Holder of an option, warrant or right to acquire stock of a PFIC may not make a QEF Election that will apply to the option, warrant or other right to acquire PFIC stock. In addition, under proposed Treasury Regulations, if a U.S. Holder holds an option, warrant or other right to acquire stock of a PFIC, the holding period with respect to shares of stock of the PFIC acquired on exercise of such option, warrant or other right will include the period that the option, warrant or other right was held.

 

Consequently, under the proposed Treasury Regulations, if a U.S. Holder of common shares acquired pursuant to this offering makes a QEF Election, such election generally will not be treated as a timely QEF Election with respect to common shares acquired upon exercise of the warrants and the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above will continue to apply with respect to such shares. However, a U.S. Holder of such common shares should be eligible to make a timely QEF Election if such U.S. Holder meets certain requirements and makes the “purging election” discussed above, electing in the year in which such shares are received to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above) as if such shares were sold for fair market value on the date such U.S. Holder acquired them by exercising the corresponding warrants. In addition, gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition (other than by exercise) of the warrants by a U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the application of the PFIC rules to the warrants.

 

A U.S. Holder may make a timely QEF Election with respect to its ownership of our common shares by filing one copy of IRS Form 8621, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, to a timely filed United States federal income tax return for the first year in which it holds our common shares. However, U.S. Holders should be aware that we do not intend to satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a “qualified electing fund,” or supply U.S. Holders with information that such U.S. Holders require to report under the QEF Election rules, in the event that we are a PFIC and a U.S. Holder wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, if you are a U.S. Holder, you may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to your common shares.

 

Mark-to-Market Election

 

Alternatively, if our common shares are “marketable stock,” a U.S. Holder generally would be permitted to make a Mark-to-Market Election. Generally, stock will be considered “marketable stock” if it is “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange” within the meaning of applicable Treasury Regulations. A class of stock is “regularly traded” on an exchange during any calendar year in which such class of stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. A “qualified exchange” includes: (i) a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, (ii) the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or (iii) a foreign securities exchange that is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in which the market is located, provided that (a) such foreign exchange has trading volume, listing, financial disclosure, and surveillance requirements, and meets other requirements and the laws of the country in which such foreign exchange is located, together with the rules of such foreign exchange, ensure that such requirements are actually enforced and (b) the rules of such foreign exchange effectively promote active trading of listed stocks.

 

A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Mark Election with respect to common shares generally will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to such shares. However, if a U.S. Holder does not make a Mark-to-Market Election beginning in the first taxable year of such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares for which we are a PFIC and such U.S. Holder has not made a timely QEF Election, the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above will apply to certain dispositions of, and distributions on, the common shares.

 

S-21

 

 

Any Mark-to-Market Election made by a U.S. Holder will apply to common shares acquired upon the exercise of a warrant by such U.S. Holder. As a result, if a Mark-to-Market Election has been made by a U.S. Holder, a common share acquired upon the exercise of a warrant will automatically be marked-to-market in the year of exercise. Because, under the proposed Treasury Regulations, a U.S. Holder’s holding period for such share includes the period during which such U.S. Holder held the warrant, a U.S. Holder will be treated as making a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to such share after the beginning of such U.S. Holder’s holding period for such share unless the share is acquired in the same tax year as the year in which the U.S. Holder acquired its warrant. Consequently, the default rules under Section 1291 described above generally will apply to the mark-to-market gain realized in the tax year in which a share is acquired upon the exercise of a warrant. However, the general mark-to-market rules will apply to subsequent tax years.

 

If a Mark-to-Market Election is made, the U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common shares at the end of the taxable year over such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares. The U.S. Holder would also be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the Mark-to-Mark Election. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares would be adjusted to reflect the amount included in gross income or allowed as a deduction because of the Mark-to-Market Election. Gain realized on the sale, exchange, or other disposition of the common shares would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange, or other disposition of the common shares would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included in income by the U.S. Holder. Losses that exceed this limitation are subject to the rules generally applicable to losses provided in the Code and Treasury Regulations (see “General Rules Applicable to the Ownership and Disposition of Common Shares – Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares” below). Amounts treated as ordinary income are not eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” or long-term capital gains.

 

A U.S. Holder makes a Mark-to-Market Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 to a timely filed United States federal income tax return. A Mark-to-Market Election applies to the taxable year in which such Mark-to-Market Election is made and to each subsequent taxable year, unless the common shares cease to be marketable stock or the IRS consents to revocation of such election. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a Mark-to-Market Election. 

 

Other PFIC Rules

 

Under Section 1291(f) of the Code, the IRS has issued proposed Treasury Regulations that, subject to certain exceptions, would cause a U.S. Holder that had not made a timely QEF Election to recognize gain (but not loss) upon certain transfers of common shares and warrants that would otherwise be tax-deferred (e.g., gifts and exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations). However, the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder may vary based on the manner in which common shares or warrants are transferred.

 

If finalized in their current form, the proposed Treasury Regulations applicable to PFICs would be effective for transactions occurring on or after April 1, 1992. Because the proposed Treasury Regulations have not yet been adopted in final form, they are not currently effective, and there is no assurance that they will be adopted in the form and with the effective date proposed. Nevertheless, the IRS has announced that, in the absence of final Treasury Regulations, taxpayers may apply reasonable interpretations of the Code provisions applicable to PFICs and that it considers the rules set forth in the proposed Treasury Regulations to be reasonable interpretations of those Code provisions. The PFIC rules are complex, and the implementation of certain aspects of the PFIC rules requires the issuance of Treasury Regulations which in many instances have not been promulgated and which, when promulgated, may have retroactive effect. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors about the potential applicability of the proposed Treasury Regulations.

 

Certain additional adverse rules may apply with respect to a U.S. Holder if we are a PFIC, regardless of whether such U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election. For example, under Section 1298(b)(6) of the Code, a U.S. Holder that uses our common shares or warrants as security for a loan will, except as may be provided in Treasury Regulations, be treated as having made a taxable disposition of such common shares or warrants.

 

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Special rules also apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution from a PFIC. Subject to such special rules, foreign taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit. The rules relating to distributions by a PFIC and their eligibility for the foreign tax credit are complicated, and a U.S. Holder should consult with their own tax advisor regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit with respect to distributions by a PFIC.

 

Lastly, if we are not treated as a PFIC, and you paid taxes as if we were a PFIC, then you may be able to claim a refund for taxes you paid in excess of the taxes you actually owed. If you do not timely make such a refund claim, then your refund will be disallowed and you will bear more taxes than you actually owe.

 

The rules dealing with PFICs and with the QEF and Mark-to-Market Election are very complex and are affected by various factors in addition to those described above. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to our common shares and warrants.

 

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Exercise and Disposition of Warrants

 

The following discussion describes the general rules applicable to the ownership and disposition of the warrants but is subject in its entirety to the special rules described above under the heading “PFIC Status and Related Tax Consequences.”

 

Exercise of Warrants

 

A U.S. Holder should not recognize gain or loss on the exercise of warrants and related receipt of common shares (unless cash is received in lieu of the issuance of a fractional common share). A U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in the common share received on the exercise of a warrant should be equal to the sum of (a) such U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in such warrant plus (b) the exercise price paid by such U.S. Holder on the exercise of such warrant. If, as anticipated, we are a PFIC, pursuant to proposed Treasury Regulations a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common share received will begin on the date on which such U.S. holder acquired its warrant.

 

In certain limited circumstances, a U.S. Holder may be permitted to undertake a cashless exercise of warrants into common shares. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise of warrants into common shares is unclear, and the tax consequences of a cashless exercise could differ from the consequences upon the exercise of a warrant described in the preceding paragraph. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of a cashless exercise of warrants.

 

Disposition of Warrants

 

A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of a warrant in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrant sold or otherwise disposed of. Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, any such gain or loss generally will be a capital gain or loss, which will be long-term capital gain or loss if the warrant is held for more than one year. Deductions for capital losses are subject to complex limitations under the Code.

 

Expiration of Warrants without Exercise

 

Upon the lapse or expiration of a warrant, a U.S. Holder will recognize a loss in an amount equal to such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrant. Any such loss generally will be a capital loss and will be long-term capital loss if the warrants are held for more than one year. Deductions for capital losses are subject to complex limitations under the Code.

 

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Certain Adjustments to the Warrants

 

Under Section 305 of the Code, an adjustment to the number of common shares that will be issued on the exercise of the warrants, or an adjustment to the exercise price of the warrants, may be treated as a constructive distribution to a U.S. Holder of the warrants if, and to the extent that, such adjustment has the effect of increasing such U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in our earnings and profits or our assets, depending on the circumstances of such adjustment (for example, if such adjustment is to compensate for a distribution of cash or property to the shareholders). Adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants made pursuant to a bona fide reasonable adjustment formula that has the effect of preventing dilution of the interest of the holders of the warrants should generally not be considered to result in a constructive distribution. Any such constructive distribution would be taxable whether or not there is an actual distribution of cash or other property (see more detailed discussion of the rules applicable to distributions we make at “Distributions on Common Shares” below).

 

General Rules Applicable to the Ownership and Disposition of Common Shares

 

The following discussion describes the general rules applicable to the ownership and disposition of our common shares but is subject in its entirety to the special rules described above under the heading “PFIC Status and Related Tax Consequences.”

 

Distributions on Common Shares

 

The gross amount of any distribution (including amounts, if any, withheld in respect of Canadian withholding tax) actually or constructively received by a U.S. Holder with respect to our common shares (as well as any constructive distribution on a warrant as described above) will be taxable to the U.S. Holder as a dividend to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions to a U.S. Holder in excess of earnings and profits will be treated first as a return of capital that reduces a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such common shares (thereby increasing the amount of gain or decreasing the amount of loss that a U.S. Holder would recognize on a subsequent disposition of our common shares), and then as gain from the sale or exchange of such common shares (see “Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares”). The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of that property on the date of distribution. In the event we make distributions to holders of common shares, we may or may not calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. If we do not do so, any distribution may be required to be regarded as a dividend, even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain. The amount of the dividend will generally be treated as foreign-source dividend income to U.S. Holders.

 

To the extent that we are a “qualified foreign corporation,” the stock on which the dividend is paid is held for a minimum holding period, and other requirements are satisfied, non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, may be eligible for the preferential U.S. federal rate on “qualified dividend income.” A “qualified foreign corporation” includes a foreign corporation that is not a PFIC in the year of the distribution or in the prior taxable year and that is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States that contains an exchange of information provision and has been determined by the United States Treasury Department to be satisfactory for purposes of the legislation (such as the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention).

 

Distributions to U.S. Holders generally will not be eligible for the “dividends received deduction” generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.

 

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares

 

Upon the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange, or other disposition and such U.S. Holder's tax basis in such common shares sold or otherwise disposed of. If the U.S. Holder receives Canadian dollars in the transaction, the amount realized will be the U.S. dollar value of the Canadian dollars received, which is determined for cash basis taxpayers on the settlement date for the transaction and for accrual basis taxpayers on the trade date (although accrual basis taxpayers can also elect the settlement date). A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in common shares generally will be such holder’s U.S. dollar cost for such common shares. Gain or loss recognized on such sale or other disposition generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other disposition, the common shares have been held for more than one year.

 

Preferential tax rates currently apply to long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate, or trust. There are currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain of a corporate U.S. Holder. Deductions for capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code. The gain or loss will generally be U.S.-source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.

 

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Additional Considerations

 

Receipt of Foreign Currency

 

The amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign currency, or on the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common shares or warrants, generally will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate applicable on the date of receipt (regardless of whether such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time). If the foreign currency received is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who converts or otherwise disposes of the foreign currency after the date of receipt may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally will be U.S.-source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Different rules apply to U.S. Holders who use the accrual method of tax accounting. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.

 

Foreign Tax Credit

 

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect to dividends paid on the common shares (or with respect to any constructive dividend on the warrants) generally will be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax paid. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income that is subject to U.S. federal income tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all creditable foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year.

 

Complex limitations apply to the foreign tax credit, including the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability that such U.S. Holder’s foreign- source taxable income bears to such U.S. Holder’s worldwide taxable income. In applying this limitation, a U.S. Holder’s various items of income and deduction must be classified, under complex rules, as either “foreign-source” or “U.S.-source.” Generally, dividends paid by a foreign corporation (including constructive dividends) should be treated as foreign-source for this purpose, and gains recognized on the sale of stock of a foreign corporation by a U.S. Holder should be treated as U.S.-source for this purpose, except as otherwise provided in an applicable income tax treaty, and if an election is properly made under the Code. However, the amount of a distribution with respect to the common shares that is treated as a “dividend” may be lower for U.S. federal income tax purposes than it is for Canadian federal income tax purposes, resulting in a reduced foreign tax credit allowance to a U.S. Holder. In addition, this limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific categories of income. The foreign tax credit rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisors regarding the foreign tax credit rules.

 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

Under U.S. federal income tax law, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a foreign corporation. For example, certain U.S. Holders who hold certain “specified foreign financial assets” that exceed certain thresholds are required to report information relating to such assets. The definition of “specified foreign financial assets” generally includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person, and any interest in a foreign entity. U.S. Holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless their common shares and warrants are held in an account at certain financial institutions. Significant penalties may apply for failure to satisfy applicable reporting obligations.

 

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Distributions paid with respect to common shares and proceeds from a sale, exchange, or redemption of common shares and warrants made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding (at a rate of 24%). Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on IRS Form W-9 or that is a corporation or other entity that is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, and such holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information in a timely manner.

 

The discussion of reporting requirements set forth above is not intended to constitute a complete description of all reporting requirements that may apply to a U.S. Holder. A failure to satisfy certain reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax and, under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any unsatisfied reporting requirement. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations, if any, as a result of their acquisition, ownership, or disposition of our common shares and warrants.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

 

The following summarizes the principal Canadian federal income tax consequences applicable to the holding and disposition of common shares (including a common share issued on the exercise of a warrant) in the capital of the Company and warrants to acquire common shares by a holder who is not, and is not deemed to be, a resident of Canada for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "Tax Act"), and who holds such common shares and warrants solely as capital property and does not use or hold, and is not deemed to use or hold, the common shares and warrants in connection with carrying on a business in Canada, referred to in this summary as a "U.S. Holder". This summary is not applicable to a U.S. Holder that is an insurer carrying on an insurance business in Canada and elsewhere This summary is based on the current provisions of the Tax Act, the regulations thereunder, all amendments thereto publicly proposed by the government of Canada, the published administrative practices of the Canada Revenue Agency, and the current provisions of the Convention Between Canada and the United States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the "Canada-U.S. Tax Convention"). Except as otherwise expressly provided, this summary does not take into account any provincial, territorial or foreign (including without limitation, any United States) tax law or treaty. It has been assumed that all currently proposed amendments will be enacted substantially as proposed and that there is no other relevant change in any governing law or practice, although no assurance can be given in these respects.

 

Each U.S. Holder is advised to obtain tax and legal advice applicable to such U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances.

 

Allocation of Cost

 

A U.S. Holder who acquires common shares and warrants pursuant to this Offering will be required to allocate the price paid for a common share and warrant on a reasonable basis between the common share and the warrant in order to determine their respective costs to such U.S. Holder for the purposes of the Tax Act.

 

For our purposes, we intend to allocate $        to each common share and $0.0001 to each warrant and believe that such allocation is reasonable. The Company's allocation, however, is not binding on the Canada Revenue Agency or on a U.S. Holder.

 

No gain or loss will be realized by a U.S. Holder of a warrant upon the exercise of such warrant. When a warrant is exercised, the U.S. Holder’s cost of the common share acquired thereby will be equal to the adjusted cost base of the warrant to such U.S. Holder, plus the amount paid on the exercise of the warrant.

 

The adjusted cost base to a U.S. Holder of each common share (including a common share acquired on the exercise of a warrant) acquired pursuant to this Offering will be determined by averaging the cost of such common share with the adjusted cost base to such U.S. Holder of all other common shares (if any) held by the U.S. Holder as capital property immediately prior to the acquisition.

 

Dividends

 

Every U.S. Holder is liable to pay a Canadian withholding tax on every dividend that is or is deemed to be paid or credited to the U.S. Holder on the U.S. Holder’s common shares. The statutory rate of withholding tax is 25% of the gross amount of the dividend paid. The Canada-U.S. Tax Convention reduces the statutory rate with respect to dividends paid to a U.S. Holder, if that U.S. Holder is eligible for benefits under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention. Where applicable, the general rate of withholding tax under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention is 15% of the gross amount of the dividend, but if the U.S. Holder is a company that owns at least 10% of the voting stock of the Company and beneficially owns the dividend, the rate of withholding tax is 5% for dividends paid or credited to such corporate U.S. Holder. The Company is required to withhold the applicable tax from the dividend payable to the U.S. Holder, and to remit the tax to the Receiver General of Canada for the account of the U. S. Holder.

 

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Disposition of Common Shares or Warrants

 

A U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of a capital gain realized on the disposition or deemed disposition of a common share (including a common share issued on the exercise of a warrant) or warrant unless such securities constitute "taxable Canadian property" of the U.S. Holder for purposes of the Tax Act and the gain is not exempt from tax pursuant to the terms of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention.

 

Provided that the common shares are listed on a "designated stock exchange" for purposes of the Tax Act (which currently includes the NYSE American) at the time of disposition, the common shares and warrants generally will not constitute "taxable Canadian property" of a U.S. Holder, unless at any time during the 60 month period immediately preceding the disposition: (i) the U.S. Holder, persons with whom the U.S. Holder did not deal at "arm’s length" for the purposes of the Tax Act, partnerships in which the U.S. Holder or a person with whom the U.S. Holder did not deal at “arm’s length” for the purposes of the Tax Act holds a membership interest directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships, or the U.S. Holder together with all such persons, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class of the Company and; (ii) more than 50% of the fair market value of the common shares was derived directly or indirectly from one or any combination of real or immovable property situated in Canada, "Canadian resource properties" (as defined in the Tax Act), "timber resource properties" (as defined in the Tax Act), or options in respect of, or interests in, or for civil law rights in, such property whether or not such property exists. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the common shares may otherwise in certain circumstances be deemed to be taxable Canadian property to a U.S. Holder for the purposes of the Tax Act

 

Even if a common share or warrant is considered to be "taxable Canadian property" to a U.S. Holder, the U.S. Holder may be exempt from tax under the Tax Act if such securities are "treaty-protected property" for the purposes of the Tax Act. Common shares or warrants owned by a U.S. Holder will generally be "treaty-protected property" if the gain from the disposition of such securities would, because of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, be exempt from tax under Part I of the Tax Act.

 

U.S. Holders who may hold common shares or warrants as "taxable Canadian property" should consult their own tax advisors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

Pursuant to an engagement letter dated as of March 31, 2020, and a separate Placement Agent Agreement dated the date of this prospectus supplement, we have retained H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, or Wainwright, to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering. Under the terms of the agreements with Wainwright, Wainwright is not purchasing the securities offered by us in this offering, and is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will assist us in this offering on a reasonable best efforts basis. The terms of this offering were subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, Wainwright and prospective investors. Wainwright will have no authority to bind us by virtue of our agreements with them. Wainwright may engage sub-agents or selected dealers to assist with this offering. We may not sell the entire amount of our common shares and warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement.

 

We will enter into a securities purchase agreement directly with certain institutional investors, at the investors’ option, who purchase our securities in this offering. Investors who do not enter into a securities purchase agreement will rely solely on this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in connection with the purchase of our securities in this offering. The form of securities purchase agreement will be included as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the SEC and that will be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part.

 

We will deliver the common shares being issued to the investors electronically and will mail such investors physical warrant certificates, upon receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the common shares and warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus. We expect to deliver the common shares and warrants to investors on or about April , 2020, subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions.

 

We have agreed to pay Wainwright a cash fee equal to 7.25% of the gross proceeds received from investors purchasing common shares and warrants in the offering. We will also pay Wainwright $25,000 for non-accountable expenses, up to $100,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and $12,900 for certain clearing services. We estimate the total offering expenses of this offering that will be payable by us, excluding the placement agent’s fees, but including the expenses described above, will be approximately $275,000.

 

In addition, we have agreed to issue to Wainwright, or its designees, warrants to purchase up to 5.0% of the aggregate number of common shares sold in this offering (or up to common shares). The placement agent warrants will have substantially the same terms as the warrants being sold to the investors in this offering, except that the placement agent warrants will have a term of five years from the effective date of the offering and an exercise price equal to 125% of the combined public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus supplement. Pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(g), the placement agent warrants and any common shares issued upon exercise of the placement agent warrants shall not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of this offering, except the transfer of any security: (i) by operation of law or by reason of our reorganization; (ii) to any FINRA member firm participating in the offering and the officers or partners thereof, if all securities so transferred remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period; (iii) if the aggregate amount of our securities held by the placement agent or related persons do not exceed 1% of the securities being offered; (iv) that is beneficially owned on a pro-rata basis by all equity owners of an investment fund, provided that no participating member manages or otherwise directs investments by the fund and the participating members in the aggregate do not own more than 10% of the equity in the fund; or (v) the exercise or conversion of any security, if all securities remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period.

 

We have granted Wainwright an 8-month right of first refusal to act as our exclusive underwriter or placement agent for certain future capital raising transactions undertaken by us, provided that this offering is consummated.

 

We have agreed to indemnify Wainwright and specified other persons against certain liabilities relating to or arising out of Wainwright’s activities under the engagement letter and to contribute to payments that Wainwright may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.

 

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Wainwright may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the securities sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, Wainwright would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of common shares by Wainwright acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, Wainwright:

 

  · may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and

 

  · may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.

 

From time to time, Wainwright may provide in the future various advisory, investment and commercial banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. However, except as disclosed in this prospectus supplement, we have no present arrangements with Wainwright for any further services. Wainwright acted as our exclusive placement agent for our February 2020 registered direct offering and received cash compensation of approximately $270,000, warrants to purchase up to 1,041,667 common shares at an exercise price of $0.15 per share, and an 8-month right of first refusal in connection therewith.

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is AST Trust Company (Canada). Our transfer agent’s address is 1 Toronto Street, Suite 1200, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2VC and its telephone number is (416) 682-3844. Our co-transfer agent is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC.

 

Our common shares are listed on NYSE American under the symbol “ZOM” and are not listed on any other exchange. There is no established public trading market for the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.

 

The common shares and warrants are being distributed pursuant to a prospectus exception under applicable Canadian securities laws on the basis that the common shares and warrants are being distributed outside Canada. Either in the securities purchase agreement or by accepting a warrant, each purchaser of securities will provide or be deemed to provide certain representations with respect to Canadian securities matters, including that the purchaser is not buying the securities with a view distribution of them to a resident of Canada or a person in Canada.

 

 

 

 

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of the warrants offered hereby is being passed upon for us by Lowenstein Sandler LLP, New York, New York and the validity of the common shares offered hereby, including the common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants, is being passed upon for us by Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP, Calgary, Alberta. Lowenstein Sandler LLP owns 92,995 common shares. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York is acting as counsel to the placement agent in connection with this offering.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus supplement by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K have been audited by MNP LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance on the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S-31

 

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website, at http://www.sec.gov, that contains registration statements, reports, proxy information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC, including us. Our website address is http://www.zomedica.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this document.

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with it into this prospectus supplement, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus supplement. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus supplement, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede information contained in this prospectus supplement.

 

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below that we have previously filed with the SEC, each of which has Exchange Act File No. 000-38298 unless otherwise noted:

 

  our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2019;
     
  our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 22, 2020, February 13, 2020, April 1, 2020 and April 7, 2020; and

 

  the description of our common shares as set forth in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on November 15, 2017, including any amendments thereto or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description, including the Description of Securities filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report.

 

All reports and other documents that we file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement but prior to the termination of the offering of the securities hereunder will also be considered to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement from the date of the filing of these reports and documents, and will supersede the information herein; provided, however, that all reports, exhibits and other information that we “furnish” to the SEC will not be considered incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement shall be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document that also is incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement or the registration statement.

 

We will provide you without charge, upon your oral or written request, with a copy of any or all reports, proxy statements and other documents we file with the SEC, as well as any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the registration statement (other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents). Requests for such copies should be directed to:

 

Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp.

100 Phoenix Drive, Suite 180

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108

(734) 369-2555

 

S-32

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

$300,000,000

 

Common Shares

Preferred Shares

Warrants

Debt Securities

Subscription Rights

Units

 

We may offer and sell an indeterminate number of our common shares, preferred shares, warrants, debt securities and subscription rights from time to time under this prospectus. We may offer these securities separately or as units, which may include combinations of the securities. We will describe in a prospectus supplement the securities we are offering and selling, as well as the specific terms of the securities.

 

We may offer these securities in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. We may sell the securities directly to you, through agents we select, or through underwriters and dealers we select. If we use agents, underwriters or dealers to sell the securities, we will name them and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement.

 

Our common shares are listed on the NYSE American and the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol “ZOM.” On December 19, 2018, the last reported closing sale price of our common shares on the NYSE American was $1.18 per share. We have not yet determined whether the other securities that may be offered by this prospectus will be listed on any exchange, inter-dealer quotation system or over-the-counter market. If we decide to seek the listing of any such securities upon issuance, the prospectus supplement relating to those securities will disclose the exchange, quotation system or market on which the securities will be listed.

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act, and, as such, we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary – Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” in this prospectus for more information.

 

Investing in our securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as such risk factors may be updated in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are incorporated by reference herein, and as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The date of this prospectus is January 30, 2019

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS 1
CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 1
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY 2
RISK FACTORS 3
USE OF PROCEEDS 3
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES 3
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES 6
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS 7
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES 8
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS 14
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS 15
FORMS OF SECURITIES 16
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 18
CERTAIN U.S. AND CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS 19
LEGAL MATTERS 19
EXPERTS 19
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 19

 

 (i) 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or in any such free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than their respective dates.

 

Unless the context provides otherwise, references herein to “we,” “our,” “us,” “our company” and “Zomedica” refer to Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. together with, where applicable, our consolidated subsidiary, Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation.

 

Unless otherwise noted herein, all references to “CDN$,” “CAD$,” or “Canadian dollars” are to the currency of Canada and “$,” “dollars,” “US$,” “United States dollars,” or “U.S. dollars” are to the currency of the United States.

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, contains forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed under the caption entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as modified under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018.

 

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations.

 

 1 

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

Our Company

 

We are a development stage veterinary diagnostic and pharmaceutical company creating products for companion animals (canine, feline, and equine) by focusing on the unmet needs of clinical veterinarians. We believe that we have identified and are developing diagnostics and therapeutics that have the potential to significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases affecting companion animals. We believe that there are significant unmet medical needs for pets, and that the pet diagnostic and therapeutic segments of the animal health industry are likely to grow substantially as new diagnostic tools and treatments are identified, developed, and marketed specifically for companion animals.

 

Together with our strategic partners, we are developing a Bulk Acoustic Wave sensor-based veterinary point-of-care diagnostic platform for diagnosis and treatment management of disorders such as thyroid and adrenal abnormalities, a Raman spectroscopy-based point-of-care diagnostic platform for the detection of pathogens, and liquid biopsy assays for the detection of cancer and related consumables. The regulatory pathway to obtain pre-market regulatory approval of companion animal diagnostics is significantly shorter than for similar diagnostic products intended for human use. In certain cases, pre-market regulatory approval may be unnecessary, depending on the intended use of the diagnostic.

 

We also have identified a number of drugs that have proven safe and effective in humans that we are developing for use in canines and felines. We believe this development approach enables us to reduce the risks associated with obtaining regulatory approval for unproven product candidates and shortens the development timeline necessary to bring our product candidates to market. We have four drug product candidates in early development and have identified several other potential product candidates for further investigation.

 

In addition, we are investigating the development of alternative drug delivery technologies for our drug product candidates. Many of the human-approved therapeutics used in companion animals are only available in pill or injectable form. However, it can be difficult to give a companion animal an injection or to assure that the animal has swallowed a pill. As a result, we believe that compliance with treatment regimens is a significant problem for veterinarians and pet owners. The challenges associated with medicating pets are unique, and we believe that developing product candidates that can be easily taken by the pet or easily administered by pet owners will help increase compliance.

 

Corporate Information

 

Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. (formerly, Wise Oakwood Ventures Inc.) was originally incorporated as Wise Oakwood Ventures Inc. on January 7, 2013 under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (“ABCA”). On October 28, 2013, we completed our initial public offering in Canada and became classified as a Capital Pool Company, as defined under the rules of the TSX Venture Exchange, or TSX-V. On April 21, 2016, we changed our name to Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. and consolidated our common shares on a one-for-two and one-half basis. ZoMedica Pharmaceuticals Inc., or ZoMedica Inc., was incorporated on May 14, 2015 under the ABCA. On April 21, 2016, we completed a qualifying transaction, or the Qualifying Transaction, under TSX-V Policy 2.4 – Capital Pool Companies, consisting of a three-cornered amalgamation among our company, ZoMedica Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiary. Under the Qualifying Transaction, ZoMedica Inc. and our subsidiary were amalgamated to form Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Ltd., or Zomedica Ltd. As consideration for the amalgamation, shareholders of ZoMedica Inc. became the owners of 97.6% (non-diluted) of our common shares, and ZoMedica Ltd. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Subsequent to the Qualifying Transaction, Zomedica Ltd. was vertically amalgamated into our company. We have one wholly-owned subsidiary, Zomedica Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware company. Our principal executive offices are located at 100 Phoenix Drive, Suite 190, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, and our telephone number is (734) 369-2555. Our website address is www.zomedica.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this document.

 

 2 

 

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

 

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, enacted in April 2012. An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

 

  · not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

 

  · reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and

 

  · exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

We may take advantage of these provisions until December 31, 2022. However, if certain events occur prior to December 31, 2022, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company before such date.

 

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

 

RISK FACTORS

 

You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus and, in particular, you should evaluate the specific risk factors incorporated by reference herein and included or incorporated by reference in any applicable prospectus supplement.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of the securities will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. When particular securities are offered, the prospectus supplement relating to that offering will set forth our intended use of the net proceeds received from the sale of those securities we sell. Pending the application of the net proceeds for these purposes, we expect to invest the proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing instruments or other investment-grade securities.

 

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES

 

The following is a summary of the rights of our common shares as set forth in our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and By-laws, which are included as exhibits to the registration statement relating to this offering filed by us with the SEC. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of our aforementioned constating documents and by applicable law.

 

Our authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares without nominal or par value and an unlimited number of preferred shares without nominal or par value, which are issuable in series.

 

As of September 30, 2018, 94,596,209 common shares were issued and outstanding as fully paid and non-assessable shares. No preferred shares had been issued as of that date and accordingly, none were issued and outstanding. In addition, as of September 30, 2018, we had outstanding options to purchase an aggregate of 3,687,004 common shares outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $1.33 per share.

 

The additional shares of our authorized stock available for issuance may be issued at times and under circumstances so as to have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and on the equity ownership of the holders of our common shares. The ability of our board of directors to issue additional shares could enhance the board’s ability to negotiate on behalf of the shareholders in a take-over situation but could also be used by the board of directors to make a change-in-control more difficult, thereby denying shareholders the potential to sell their shares at a premium and entrenching current management.

 

Dividend Rights

 

Subject to any rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions which may apply to any series of preferred shares that are issued, holders of our common shares are entitled to receive dividends, if, as and when declared by the board of directors.

 

 3 

 

Voting Rights

 

The holders of the common shares are entitled to receive notice of and attend any meeting of our shareholders and are entitled to cast one vote for each common share held.

 

No Preemptive, Conversion or Redemption Rights

 

Holders of our common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights and our common shares are not subject to conversion or redemption.

 

Rights upon Liquidation

 

On the winding-up, liquidation or dissolution of our company or upon the happening of any other event giving rise to a distribution of our assets other than by way of dividend amongst our shareholders for the purposes of winding-up our affairs, subject to any rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions which may have been determined by the directors to attach to any series of preferred shares, the holders of all common shares shall be entitled to participate pari passu.

 

Action Necessary to Change the Rights of Holders of our Shares

 

Under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (“ABCA”), a company can amend its articles and governing documents via a special resolution of its shareholders. A “special resolution is a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of that resolution or signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution. Items that can be amended via special resolution include (but are not limited to): a change in our name; changing any maximum number of shares that we are authorized to issue; creating new classes of shares; reducing or increasing our stated capital; changing the designation of our shares to add, change or remove any rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions, including rights to accrued dividends, in respect of all or any of our shares, whether issued or unissued; dividing a class of shares, whether issued or unissued, into series and fixing the number of shares in each series and the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions thereof; authorizing the directors to divide any class of unissued shares into series and to fix the number of shares in each series and the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions thereof; authorizing the directors to change the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attached to unissued shares of any series; or adding, changing or removing restrictions on the issue, transfer or ownership of shares.

 

Shareholder Meetings

 

Under the ABCA: (1) We must hold an annual meeting of shareholders not later than 15 months after holding the last preceding annual meeting; (2) the directors may at any time call a special meeting of shareholders; and (3) the holders of not less than 5% of our issued shares that carry the right to vote at a meeting sought to be held may requisition the directors to call a meeting of shareholders for the purposes stated in the requisition. The most recent annual meeting of our shareholders was held on August 15, 2018.

 

The ABCA requires that notice of the time and place of a meeting of shareholders shall be sent not less than 21 days and not more than 50 days before the meeting: (1) to each shareholder on record that is entitled to vote at the meeting; (2) to each director; and (3) to our auditor.

 

We also comply with certain continuous disclosure obligations of a reporting issuer in Canada respecting shareholder meetings, in addition to the rules and policies of the TSX-V. 

 

Certain Take-over Bid Requirements

 

Canadian laws applicable to us provide for early warning disclosure requirements and for take-over bid rules for bids made to security holders in various jurisdictions in Canada, a summary of which is set forth below.

 

In Canada, securities laws are a matter of provincial/territorial jurisdiction and, as a result, bids are governed by applicable corporate and securities legislation in each province or territory in addition to policy and instruments implemented by Canadian Securities Administrators.

 

 4 

 

Under the laws of the Provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, the jurisdictions in Canada in which we are a reporting issuer (as defined under provincial securities law), when any person (an “offeror”) acquires, except pursuant to a formal take-over bid, beneficial ownership of, or the power to exercise control or direction over, or securities convertible into, voting or equity securities of any class of a reporting issuer that, together with such offeror’s securities of that class, would constitute 10% or more of the outstanding securities of that class, the offeror must immediately (i) issue and file a press release announcing the acquisition and (ii) file a report of such acquisition with the applicable securities regulatory authorities within two business days of the acquisition. Once an offeror has filed such report, the offeror is required to issue further press releases and file further reports each time that the offeror, or any person acting jointly or in concert with the offeror, acquires beneficial ownership of, or the power to exercise control or direction over, or securities convertible into, an additional 2% or more of the outstanding securities of the applicable class and upon a change in any other material fact set out in previous reports. Certain institutional investors may elect an alternative monthly reporting system.

 

In Alberta, British Columbia and other Canadian jurisdictions, a take-over bid is generally defined as an offer to acquire outstanding voting or equity securities of a class made to any holder in the jurisdiction of securities subject to the offer to acquire, if the securities subject to the offer to acquire, together with securities held by the offeror and any person acting jointly or in concert with the offeror, constitute in aggregate 20% or more of the outstanding securities of that class of securities at the date of the offer to acquire. Subject to limited exemptions, a take-over bid must generally be made to all holders of securities of the class that is subject to the bid who are in the jurisdiction and must allow such security holders 105 days to accept the bid. Unless exemptions are available, the offeror must deliver to the security holders a take-over bid circular which describes the terms of the take-over bid and the directors of the reporting issuer must deliver a directors’ circular not later than 15 days after the date of the bid, either making or declining to make a recommendation to security holders to accept or reject the bid and the reasons for their making or not making a recommendation. Whilst provincial securities laws in Canada only regulate offers to residents of the particular province, the Canadian Securities Administrators have adopted a policy whereby they may issue a cease trade order against a company if a take-over bid is not made to all Canadian security holders. It should be noted that one exemption from the aforementioned provisions is in the case of a “foreign take-over bid”. Such an exemption may be available where (among other criteria): (a) security holders whose last address as shown on the books of the offeree issuer is in Canada hold less than 10% of the outstanding securities of the class subject to the bid at the commencement of the bid; (b) the offeror reasonably believes that security holders in Canada beneficially own less than 10% of the outstanding securities of the class subject to the bid at the commencement of the bid; (c) the published market on which the greatest volume of trading in securities of that class occurred during the 12 months immediately preceding the commencement of the bid was not in Canada; (d) security holders in the local jurisdiction are entitled to participate in the bid on terms at least as favourable as the terms that apply to the general body of security holders of the same class; (e) at the same time as material relating to the bid is sent by or on behalf of the offeror to security holders of the class that is subject to the bid, the material is filed and sent to security holders whose last address as shown on the books of the offeree issuer is in the local jurisdiction. For a complete description of the foreign take-over bid exemption, readers are referenced to Multilateral Instrument 62-104 – Take-over Bids and Issuer Bids, issued by the Canadian Securities Administrators.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is AST Trust Company (Canada). Our transfer agent’s address is 1 Toronto Street, Suite 1200, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2VC and its telephone number is (416) 682-3844.

 

Our co-transfer agent is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

 

Listing

 

Our common shares are listed on the NYSE American and the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol “ZOM.”

 

 5 

 

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES

 

Our board of directors is authorized, subject to limitations imposed by the ABCA and our Articles of Amalgamation, to issue an unlimited number of preferred shares in one or more series, without shareholder approval, unless shareholder approval is required by applicable law or by the rules of a stock exchange or quotation system on which any series of our preferred shares may be listed or quoted. Our board is authorized to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series and to fix the rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each wholly unissued series and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions.

 

This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions of our preferred shares. When we offer to sell a particular series of preferred shares, we will describe the specific terms of the securities in a supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will also indicate which terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to the particular series of preferred shares. The terms of the preferred shares will be determined by a resolution of the directors, following which we shall file Articles of Amendment with the Corporate Registry of the Province of Alberta. The series of preferred shares will become effective upon the issuance by the foregoing Registry of a Certificate of Amendment. Copies of the Articles and Certificate of Amendment (which will include a complete description of such share capital terms), will be posted under our corporate profile on www.sedar.com.

 

The prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any preferred shares being offered, including:

 

  · the number of shares and designation or title of the shares;

 

  · any liquidation preference per share;

 

  · any date of maturity;

 

  · any redemption, repayment or sinking fund provisions;

 

  · any dividend rate or rates and the dates of payment (or the method for determining the dividend rates or dates of payment);

 

  · any restriction on the repurchase or redemption of shares by us while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends or sinking fund installments;

 

  · any voting rights;

 

  · if other than the currency of the United States, the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which the preferred stock is denominated and/or in which payments will or may be payable;

 

  · whether the preferred shares are convertible or exchangeable and, if so, the securities or rights into which the preferred shares are convertible or exchangeable, and the terms and conditions of conversion or exchange;

 

  · the place or places where dividends and other payments on the preferred shares will be payable; and

 

  · any additional voting, dividend, liquidation, redemption and other rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions.

 

All preferred shares offered will be fully paid and non-assessable. Any preferred shares that are issued will have priority over our common shares with respect to dividend or liquidation rights or both.

 

The transfer agent for each series of preferred shares will be described in the relevant prospectus supplement.

 

 6 

 

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

 

We may issue warrants to purchase our debt or equity securities or securities of third parties or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank, trust company or other financial institution, as warrant agent, or we may issue warrants directly to investors. A description of the terms and material provisions of any warrants we may issue will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

 

  · the title of such warrants;

 

  · the aggregate number of such warrants;

 

  · the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued;

 

  · the currency or currencies in which the price of such warrants will be payable;

 

  · the securities or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing, purchasable upon exercise of such warrants;

 

  · the price at which and the currency or currencies in which the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased;

 

  · the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;

 

  · if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time;

 

  · provision for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price of such warrants, if any;

 

  · if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security;

 

  · if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

 

  · information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

 

  · if applicable, a discussion of any material United States Federal income tax or foreign income tax considerations; and

 

  · any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.

 

 7 

 

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

 

This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions of debt securities that we may offer. The debt securities may be issued pursuant to, in the case of senior debt securities, a senior indenture, and in the case of subordinated debt securities, a subordinated indenture, in each case in the forms filed as exhibits to this registration statement, which we refer to as the “indentures.” The indentures will be entered into between us and a trustee to be named prior to the issuance of any debt securities, which we refer to as the “trustee.” The indentures will not limit the amount of debt securities that can be issued thereunder and will provide that the debt securities may be issued from time to time in one or more series pursuant to the terms of one or more securities resolutions or supplemental indentures creating such series.

 

We have summarized below the material provisions of the indentures and the debt securities or indicated which material provisions will be described in the related prospectus supplement for any offering of debt securities. These descriptions are only summaries, and you should refer to the relevant indenture for the particular offering of debt securities itself which will describe completely the terms and definitions of the offered debt securities and contain additional information about the debt securities.

 

All references in this section, “Description of Debt Securities,” to “Zomedica,” the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our”, the “registrant” or similar words are solely to Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp., and not to its subsidiaries.

 

Terms

 

When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the securities in a prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement will set forth the following terms, as applicable, of the debt securities offered thereby:

 

  · the designation, aggregate principal amount, currency or composite currency and denominations;

 

  · the price at which such debt securities will be issued and, if an index formula or other method is used, the method for determining amounts of principal or interest;

 

  · the maturity date and other dates, if any, on which principal will be payable;

 

  · whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

 

  · whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination;

 

  · the interest rate (which may be fixed or variable), if any;

 

  · the date or dates from which interest will accrue and on which interest will be payable, and the record dates for the payment of interest;

 

  · the manner of paying principal and interest;

 

  · the place or places where principal and interest will be payable;

 

  · the terms of any mandatory or optional redemption by us or any third party including any sinking fund;

 

  · the terms of any conversion or exchange;

 

  · the terms of any redemption at the option of holders or put by the holders;

 

  · any tax indemnity provisions;

 

  · if the debt securities provide that payments of principal or interest may be made in a currency other than that in which debt securities are denominated, the manner for determining such payments;

 

 8 

 

  · the portion of principal payable upon acceleration of a Discounted Debt Security (as defined below);

 

  · whether and upon what terms debt securities may be defeased;

 

  · any events of default or covenants in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in the indentures;

 

  · provisions for electronic issuance of debt securities or for debt securities in uncertificated form; and

 

  · any additional provisions or other special terms not inconsistent with the provisions of the indentures, including any terms that may be required or advisable under United States or other applicable laws or regulations, or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.

 

Debt securities of any series may be issued as registered debt securities or uncertificated debt securities, in such denominations as specified in the terms of the series.

 

Securities may be issued under the indentures as Discounted Debt Securities to be offered and sold at a substantial discount from the principal amount thereof. Special United States federal income tax and other considerations applicable thereto will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such Discounted Debt Securities. “Discounted Debt Security” means a security where the amount of principal due upon acceleration is less than the stated principal amount.

 

We are not obligated to issue all debt securities of one series at the same time and, unless otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement, we may reopen a series, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of that series, for the issuance of additional debt securities of that series. Additional debt securities of a particular series will have the same terms and conditions as outstanding debt securities of such series, except for the date of original issuance and the offering price, and will be consolidated with, and form a single series with, such outstanding debt securities.

 

Ranking

 

The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. Our secured debt, if any, will be effectively senior to the senior debt securities to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of our present and future senior indebtedness to the extent and in the manner described in the prospectus supplement and as set forth in the board resolution, officer’s certificate or supplemental indenture relating to such offering.

 

We have only a stockholder’s claim on the assets of our subsidiaries. This stockholder’s claim is junior to the claims that creditors of our subsidiaries have against our subsidiaries. Holders of our debt securities will be our creditors and not creditors of any of our subsidiaries. As a result, all the existing and future liabilities of our subsidiaries, including any claims of their creditors, will effectively be senior to the debt securities with respect to the assets of our subsidiaries. In addition, to the extent that we issue any secured debt, the debt securities will be effectively subordinated to such secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured debt.

 

The debt securities will be obligations exclusively of Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp. To the extent that our ability to service our debt, including the debt securities, may be dependent upon the earnings of our subsidiaries, our ability to do so will be dependent on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute those earnings to us as dividends, loans or other payments.

 

Certain Covenants

 

Any covenants that may apply to a particular series of debt securities will be described in the prospectus supplement relating thereto.

 

 9 

 

Successor Obligor

 

The indentures provide that, unless otherwise specified in the securities resolution or supplemental indenture establishing a series of debt securities, we shall not consolidate with or merge into, or transfer all or substantially all of our assets to, any person in any transaction in which we are not the survivor, unless:

 

  · the person is organized under the laws of the United States or a jurisdiction within the United States;
  · the person assumes by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the relevant indenture, the debt securities and any coupons;
  · immediately after the transaction no Default (as defined below) exists; and
  · we deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and opinion of counsel stating that the transaction complies with the foregoing requirements.

 

In such event, the successor will be substituted for us, and thereafter all of our obligations under the relevant indenture, the debt securities and any coupons will terminate.

 

Exchange of Debt Securities

 

Registered debt securities may be exchanged for an equal aggregate principal amount of registered debt securities of the same series and date of maturity in such authorized denominations as may be requested upon surrender of the registered debt securities at an agency of the Company maintained for such purpose and upon fulfillment of all other requirements of such agent.

 

Default and Remedies

 

Unless the securities resolution or supplemental indenture establishing the series otherwise provides (in which event the prospectus supplement will so state), an “Event of Default” with respect to a series of debt securities will occur if:

 

  (1) we default in any payment of interest on any debt securities of such series when the same becomes due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days;

 

  (2) we default in the payment of the principal and premium, if any, of any debt securities of such series when the same becomes due and payable at maturity or upon redemption, acceleration or otherwise and such default shall continue for five or more days;

 

  (3) we default in the performance of any of our other agreements applicable to the series and the default continues for 30 days after the notice specified below;

 

  (4) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law (as defined below) that:
     
  (A) is for relief against us in an involuntary case,
     
  (B) appoints a Custodian (as defined below) for us or for all or substantially all of our property, or
     
  (C) orders the liquidation of us, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days;

 

  (5) we pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
     
  (A) commence a voluntary case,
     
  (B) consent to the entry of an order for relief against us in an involuntary case,
     
  (C) consent to the appointment of a Custodian for us or for all or substantially all of our property, or
     
  (D) make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors; or
     
(6) there occurs any other Event of Default provided for in such series.

 

 

 10 

 

The term “Bankruptcy Law” means the applicable law as prescribed under the governing indenture, being: (i) in the United States, Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors; or (ii) in Canada, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or a similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

“Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time would be, an Event of Default. A Default under subparagraph (3) above is not an Event of Default until the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the series notify us of the Default and we do not cure the Default within the time specified after receipt of the notice.

 

The trustee may require indemnity satisfactory to it before it enforces the indentures or the debt securities of the series. Subject to certain limitations, holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of the series may direct the trustee in its exercise of any trust or power with respect to such series. Except in the case of Default in payment on a series, the trustee may withhold from securityholders of such series notice of any continuing Default if the trustee determines that withholding notice is in the interest of such Securityholders. We are required to furnish the trustee annually a brief certificate as to our compliance with all conditions and covenants under the indentures.

 

The indentures do not have cross-default provisions. Thus, a default by us on any other debt, including any other series of debt securities, would not constitute an Event of Default.

 

Amendments and Waivers

 

The indentures and the debt securities or any coupons of the series may be amended, and any Default may be waived as follows:

 

Unless the securities resolution or supplemental indenture otherwise provides (in which event the applicable prospectus supplement will so state), the debt securities and the indentures may be amended with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of all series affected voting as one class. Unless the securities resolution or supplemental indenture otherwise provides (in which event the applicable prospectus supplement will so state), a Default other than a Default in payment on a particular series may be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of the series. However, without the consent of each securityholder affected, no amendment or waiver may:

 

  · change the fixed maturity of or the time for payment of interest on any debt security;

 

  · reduce the principal, premium or interest payable with respect to any debt security;

 

  · change the place of payment of a debt security or the currency in which the principal or interest on a debt security is payable;

 

  · change the provisions for calculating any redemption or repurchase price with respect to any debt security;

 

  · reduce the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment or waiver;

 

  · make any change that materially adversely affects the right to convert any debt security;

 

  · waive any Default in payment of principal of or interest on a debt security; or

 

  · adversely affect any holder’s rights with respect to redemption or repurchase of a debt security.

 

 11 

 

Without the consent of any securityholder, the indentures or the debt securities may be amended to:

 

  · provide for assumption of our obligations to securityholders in the event of a merger or consolidation requiring such assumption;
     
  · to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;
     
  · to conform the terms of the debt securities to the description thereof in the prospectus and prospectus supplement offering such debt securities;
     
  · to create a series and establish its terms;
     
  · to provide for assumption of our obligations to securityholders in the event of a merger or consolidation requiring such assumption;
     
  · to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any securityholder;
     
  · to add to our covenants; or
     
  · to make any other change to the indentures so long as no debt securities are outstanding.

 

Conversion Rights

 

Any securities resolution or supplemental indenture establishing a series of debt securities may provide that the debt securities of such series will be convertible at the option of the holders thereof into or for our common shares or other equity or debt instruments. The securities resolution or supplemental indenture may establish, among other things, (1) the number or amount of common shares or other equity or debt instruments for which $1,000 aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of the series is convertible, as may be adjusted pursuant to the terms of the relevant indenture and the securities resolution; and (2) provisions for adjustments to the conversion rate and limitations upon exercise of the conversion right. The indentures provide that we will not be required to make an adjustment in the conversion rate unless the adjustment would require a cumulative change of at least 1% in the conversion rate. However, we will carry forward any adjustments that are less than 1% of the conversion rate and take them into account in any subsequent adjustment of the conversion rate.

 

Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

 

Debt securities of a series may be defeased in accordance with their terms and, unless the securities resolution or supplemental indenture establishing the terms of the series otherwise provides, as set forth below. We at any time may terminate as to a series all of our obligations (except for certain obligations, including obligations with respect to the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of a debt security, to replace destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities and coupons and to maintain paying agencies in respect of the debt securities) with respect to the debt securities of the series and any related coupons and the relevant indenture, which we refer to as legal defeasance. We at any time may terminate as to a series our obligations with respect to any restrictive covenants which may be applicable to a particular series, which we refer to as covenant defeasance.

 

We may exercise our legal defeasance option notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option. If we exercise our legal defeasance option, a series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option, a series may not be accelerated by reference to any covenant which may be applicable to a series.

 

To exercise either defeasance option as to a series, we must (1) irrevocably deposit in trust with the trustee (or another trustee) money or U.S. Government Obligations (as defined below), deliver a certificate from a nationally recognized firm of independent accountants expressing their opinion that the payments of principal and interest when due on the deposited U.S. Government Obligations, without reinvestment, plus any deposited money without investment will provide cash at such times and in such amounts as will be sufficient to pay the principal and interest when due on all debt securities of such series to maturity or redemption, as the case may be; and (2) comply with certain other conditions. In particular, we must obtain an opinion of tax counsel that the defeasance will not result in recognition of any gain or loss to holders for federal income tax purposes.

 

“U.S. Government Obligations” means direct obligations of the United States or any agency or instrumentality of the United States, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed by the United States, which, in either case, have the full faith and credit of the United States pledged for payment and which are not callable at the issuer’s option, or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations.

 

 12 

 

Regarding the Trustee

 

Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the trustee will also act as depository of funds, transfer agent, paying agent and conversion agent, as applicable, with respect to the debt securities. We may remove the trustee as the trustee under a given indenture with or without cause if we so notify the trustee three months in advance and if no Default occurs during the three-month period. The indenture trustee may also provide additional unrelated services to us as a depository of funds, registrar, trustee and similar services.

 

Governing Law

 

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by New York law, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is applicable.

 

 13 

 

DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

 

We may issue subscription rights to purchase our common shares, preferred shares or debt securities. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the shareholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

 

The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:

 

  · the price, if any, for the subscription rights;

 

  · the exercise price payable for our common shares, preferred shares or debt securities upon the exercise of the subscription rights;

 

  · the number of subscription rights to be issued to each shareholder;

 

  · the number and terms of our common shares, preferred shares or debt securities which may be purchased per each subscription right;

 

  · the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;

 

  · any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;

 

  · the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;

 

  · the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and

 

  · if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.

 

 14 

 

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

 

We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other classes of securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The units may be issued under unit agreements to be entered into between us and a unit agent, as detailed in the prospectus supplement relating to the units being offered. The prospectus supplement will describe:

 

  · the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

 

  · any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units;

 

  · the terms of the unit agreement governing the units;

 

  · United States federal income tax and/or foreign income tax considerations relevant to the units; and

 

  · whether the units will be issued in fully registered global form.

 

 15 

 

FORMS OF SECURITIES

 

Each debt security and, to the extent applicable, warrant, subscription right and unit, will be represented either by a certificate issued in definitive form to a particular investor or by one or more global securities representing the entire issuance of securities. Certificated securities in definitive form and global securities will be issued in registered form. Definitive securities name you or your nominee as the owner of the security, and in order to transfer or exchange these securities or to receive payments other than interest or other interim payments, you or your nominee must physically deliver the securities to the trustee, registrar, paying agent or other agent, as applicable. Global securities name a depositary or its nominee as the owner of the debt securities or warrants represented by these global securities. The depositary maintains a computerized system that will reflect each investor’s beneficial ownership of the securities through an account maintained by the investor with its broker/dealer, bank, trust company or other representative, as we explain more fully below.

 

Global Securities

 

Registered Global Securities. We may issue the registered debt securities and, to the extent applicable, warrants, subscription rights and units in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or its nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of that depositary or nominee. In those cases, one or more registered global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of the securities to be represented by registered global securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole for securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole by and among the depositary for the registered global security, the nominees of the depositary or any successors of the depositary or those nominees.

 

If not described below, any specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any securities to be represented by a registered global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to those securities. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.

 

Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons, called participants, that have accounts with the depositary or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities beneficially owned by the participants. Any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the securities will designate the accounts to be credited. Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary, with respect to interests of participants, and on the records of participants, with respect to interests of persons holding through participants. The laws of some states may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of these securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.

 

So long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a registered global security, that depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture or warrant agreement. Except as described below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by the registered global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders of the securities under the applicable indenture or warrant agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for that registered global security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture or warrant agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture or warrant agreement, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take that action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through them to give or take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.

 

Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities and any payments to holders with respect to warrants represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the registered global security. None of Zomedica, the trustees, the warrant agents or any other agent of Zomedica, agent of the trustees or agent of the warrant agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those beneficial ownership interests.

 

 16 

 

We expect that the depositary for any of the securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other distribution of underlying securities or other property to holders on that registered global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in that registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security held through participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of those participants.

 

If the depositary for any of these securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90 days, we will issue securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security that had been held by the depositary. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security will be registered in the name or names that the depositary gives to the relevant trustee or warrant agent or other relevant agent of ours or theirs. It is expected that the depositary’s instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the registered global security that had been held by the depositary.

 

 17 

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We may sell the securities being offered hereby in the following manner or any manner specified in a prospectus supplement:

 

  · directly to purchasers;

 

  · through agents;

 

  · through underwriters; and

 

  · through dealers.

 

The prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the offering of such securities, including:

 

  · the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them;

 

  · the initial public offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

 

  · any securities exchanges on which the securities may be listed.

 

We may directly solicit offers to purchase securities, or agents may be designated to solicit such offers. We will, in the prospectus supplement relating to such offering, name any agent that could be viewed as an underwriter under the Securities Act, and describe any commissions that we must pay. Any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment or, if indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, on a firm commitment basis. Agents, dealers and underwriters may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.

 

If any underwriters or agents are utilized in the sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered, we will enter into an underwriting agreement or other agreement with them at the time of sale to them, and we will set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to such offering the names of the underwriters or agents and the terms of the related agreement with them.

 

If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities in respect of which the prospectus is delivered, we will sell such securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell such securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by such dealer at the time of resale.

 

Remarketing firms, agents, underwriters and dealers may be entitled under agreements which they may enter into with us to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.

 

In order to facilitate the offering of the securities, any underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities or any other securities the prices of which may be used to determine payments on such securities. Specifically, any underwriters may overallot in connection with the offering, creating a short position for their own accounts. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of the securities or of any such other securities, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, the securities or any such other securities in the open market. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities above independent market levels. Any such underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.

 

Any underwriter, agent or dealer utilized in the initial offering of any securities issued hereunder will not confirm sales to accounts over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior specific written approval of its customer.

 

 18 

 

CERTAIN U.S. AND CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

Information regarding material Canadian and U.S. federal income tax consequences to persons investing in the Securities offered by this Prospectus will be set forth in an applicable Prospectus Supplement. You are urged to consult your own tax advisors prior to any acquisition of our Securities.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of any common shares or preferred shares offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Tingle Merrett LLP, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Partners and associates of Tingle Merrett LLP own or exert control or direction over an aggregate of 1,300,000 common shares. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the other securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Lowenstein Sandler LLP, New York, New York. Lowenstein Sandler LLP owns 43,613 common shares.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K have been audited by MNP LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance on the report of such firm, given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read or obtain a copy of these reports at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, on official business days during the hours of 10:00 am to 3:00 pm. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room and its copy charges by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website, at http://www.sec.gov, that contains registration statements, reports, proxy information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC, including us. Our website address is http://www.zomedica.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this document.

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with it into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below that we have previously filed with the SEC, each of which has Exchange Act File No. 000-38298 unless otherwise noted:

 

· our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018;

 

· our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018, which were filed with the SEC on May 15, 2018, August 9, 2018 and November 13, 2018, respectively;

 

· our definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on July 5, 2018;

 

· our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2018, May 15, 2018 (excluding materials furnished under Item 2.02 and the related exhibit), June 15, 2018, June 19, 2018, June 29, 2018, August 15, 2018, November 28, 2018, and December 20, 2018; and

 

· the description of our common shares as set forth in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on November 15, 2017, including any amendments thereto or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description.

 

 19 

 

All reports and other documents that we file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus but prior to the termination of the offering of the securities hereunder will also be considered to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus from the date of the filing of these reports and documents, and will supersede the information herein; provided, however, that all reports, exhibits and other information that we “furnish” to the SEC will not be considered incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement shall be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein, therein or in any other subsequently filed document that also is incorporated by reference herein or therein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement.

 

We will provide you without charge, upon your oral or written request, with a copy of any or all reports, proxy statements and other documents we file with the SEC, as well as any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the registration statement (other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents). Requests for such copies should be directed to:

 

Zomedica Pharmaceuticals Corp.

100 Phoenix Drive, Suite 190

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108

(734) 369-2555

 

 

 

 

  

 20 

 

 

 

                      Common Shares

Series B Warrants to Purchase up to          Common Shares

 

_____________________________________________________________________

 

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

_____________________________________________________________________

 

 

H.C. Wainwright & Co.

 

, 2020