Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________

FORM 10-Q

____________________________



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 28, 2019



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number: 001-38000

____________________________

JELD-WEN Holding, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________



Delaware		93-1273278
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2645 Silver Crescent Drive

Charlotte, North Carolina 28273

(Address of principal executive offices, zip code)

(704) 378-5700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

____________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (par value $0.01 per share)	JELD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The registrant had 100,590,747 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of November 4, 2019.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, Inc.

- Table of Contents –



		Page No.
Part I - Financial Information

Item 1.	Unaudited Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statements of Operations	5
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	7
	Consolidated Statements of Equity	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	40
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	52

Part II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	53
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	54
Item 6.	Exhibits	54

	Signature	55

Glossary of Terms

When the following terms and abbreviations appear in the text of this report, they have the meanings indicated below:



A&L	A&L Windows Pty. Ltd.
ABL Facility	Our $400 million asset-based loan revolving credit facility, dated as of October 15, 2014 and as amended from time to time, with JWI (as hereinafter defined) and JELD-WEN of Canada, Ltd., as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, a syndicate of lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent
ABS	American Building Supply, Inc.
Adjusted EBITDA	A supplemental non-GAAP financial measure of operating performance not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP that we define as net income (loss), adjusted for the following items: loss from discontinued operations, net of tax; equity earnings of non-consolidated entities; income tax (benefit) expense; depreciation and amortization; interest expense, net; impairment and restructuring charges; gain on previously held shares of equity investment; (gain) loss on sale of property and equipment; share-based compensation expense; non-cash foreign exchange transaction/translation (income) loss; other non-cash items; other items; and costs related to debt restructuring and debt refinancing.
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification
ASU	Accounting Standards Update
AUD	Australian Dollar
Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility	Our senior secured credit facility, dated as of October 6, 2015 and as amended from time to time, with certain of our Australian subsidiaries, as borrowers, and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, as lender
BBSY	Bank Bill Swap Bid Rate
Bylaws	Amended and Restated Bylaws of JELD-WEN Holding, Inc.
CAP	Cleanup Action Plan
Charter	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of JELD-WEN Holding, Inc.
Class B-1 Common Stock	Shares of our Class B-1 common stock, par value $0.01 per share, all of which were converted into shares of our Common Stock on February 1, 2017
CMI	CraftMaster Manufacturing, Inc.
COA	Consent Order and Agreement
CODM	Chief Operating Decision Maker
Common Stock	The 900,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, authorized under our Charter
Corporate Credit Facilities	Collectively, our ABL Facility and our Term Loan Facility
Credit Facilities	Collectively, our Corporate Credit Facilities and our Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility as well as other acquired term loans and revolving credit facilities
D&K	D&K Home Security Pty. Ltd.
DKK	Danish Krone
Domoferm	The Domoferm Group of companies
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
Exchange Act	Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
10-K	Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States
GILTI	Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income
IBOR	Interbank Offered Rate
JELD-WEN	JELD-WEN Holding, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries where the context requires
JEM	JELD-WEN Excellence Model
JWA	JELD-WEN of Australia Pty. Ltd.
JWI	JELD-WEN, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Kolder	Kolder Group



LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rate
M&A	Mergers and acquisitions
MD&A	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
NYSE	New York Stock Exchange
Onex	Onex Partners III LP and certain affiliates
PaDEP	Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
Preferred Stock	90,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, authorized under our Charter
PSU	Performance stock unit
R&R	Repair and remodel
RSU	Restricted stock unit
Sarbanes-Oxley	Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act	Securities Act of 1933, as amended
Senior Notes	$800.0 million of unsecured notes issued in December 2017 in a private placement in two tranches: $400.0 million bearing interest at 4.625% and maturing in December 2025 and $400.0 million bearing interest at 4.875% and maturing in December 2027
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	Our Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, Series A-3 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and Series A-4 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, all of which were converted into shares of our common stock on February 1, 2017
SG&A	Selling, general, and administrative expenses
Tax Act	Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Term Loan Facility	Our term loan facility, dated as of October 15, 2014, as amended from time to time with JWI, as borrower, the guarantors party thereto, a syndicate of lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent
U.S.	United States of America
VPI	VPI Quality Windows, Inc.
WADOE	Washington State Department of Ecology

CERTAIN TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS

This 10-Q includes trademarks, trade names, and service marks owned by us. Our U.S. window and door trademarks include JELD-WEN^®, AuraLast^®, MiraTEC^®, Extira^®, LaCANTINA^TM, MMI Door^TM, Karona^TM, ImpactGard^®, JW^®, Aurora^®, IWP^®, True BLU^TM, ABS^TM, and VPI^TM. Our trademarks are either registered or have been used as common law trademarks by us. The trademarks we use outside the U.S. include the Stegbar^®, Regency^®, William Russell Doors^®, Airlite^®, Trend^®, The Perfect Fit^TM, Aneeta^®, Breezway^®, Kolder^TM,Corinthian^® and A&L^TM marks in Australia, and Swedoor^®, Dooria^®, DANA^®, Mattiovi^TM, Alupan^® and Domoferm^® marks in Europe. ENERGY STAR^® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This 10-Q contains additional trademarks, trade names, and service marks of others, which are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names, and service marks referred to in this 10-Q appear without the ^®, ™ or ^SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, trade names, and service marks. We do not intend our use of other parties’ trademarks, trade names, or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 - Unaudited Financial Statements

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net revenues	$	1,091,953		$	1,136,478		$	3,221,200		$	3,255,108
Cost of sales	868,168			895,003			2,549,067			2,560,945
Gross margin	223,785			241,475			672,133			694,163
Selling, general and administrative	161,424			230,291			502,109			570,498
Impairment and restructuring charges	7,935			3,891			17,388			9,378
Operating income	54,426			7,293			152,636			114,287
Interest expense, net	17,571			18,341			53,719			51,832
Other (income) expense	(2,687		)	(7,999		)	(1,288		)	(27,483		)
Income (loss) before taxes and equity earnings	39,542			(3,049		)	100,205			89,938
Income tax expense (benefit)	22,500			(31,686		)	45,030			(13,141		)
Income from continuing operations, net of tax	17,042			28,637			55,175			103,079
Equity earnings of non-consolidated entities	—			—			—			738
Net income	$	17,042		$	28,637		$	55,175		$	103,817

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	100,572,016			104,169,833			100,615,006			105,309,185
Diluted	101,381,976			105,937,429			101,419,770			107,477,049
Net income per share
Basic	$	0.17		$	0.27		$	0.55		$	0.99
Diluted	$	0.17		$	0.27		$	0.54		$	0.97

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net income	$	17,042		$	28,637		$	55,175		$	103,817
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0	(36,633		)	(10,277		)	(38,600		)	(47,779		)
Interest rate hedge adjustments, net of tax benefit of ($4,604), ($51), ($4,831), and ($402), respectively	5,050			574			6,163			1,966
Defined benefit pension plans, net of tax expense of $851, $822, $2,420, and $2,841, respectively	1,373			1,503			4,255			5,484
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(30,210		)	(8,200		)	(28,182		)	(40,329		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(13,168	)	$	20,437		$	26,993		$	63,488

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)



(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	September 28, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	127,857		$	116,991
Restricted cash	3,801			632
Accounts receivable, net	568,573			471,843
Inventories	509,444			508,499
Other current assets	47,389			48,674
Total current assets	1,257,064			1,146,639
Property and equipment, net	842,220			843,403
Deferred tax assets	194,461			209,062
Goodwill	589,983			585,942
Intangible assets, net	248,587			225,553
Operating lease assets, net	176,515			—
Other assets	36,570			36,926
Total assets	$	3,345,400		$	3,047,525
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	281,409		$	249,978
Accrued payroll and benefits	123,581			115,018
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	325,785			252,310
Current maturities of long-term debt	67,817			54,930
Total current liabilities	798,592			672,236
Long-term debt	1,446,547			1,422,962
Unfunded pension liability	101,687			107,522
Operating lease liability	140,900			—
Deferred credits and other liabilities	66,698			72,693
Deferred tax liabilities	10,226			10,478
Total liabilities	2,564,650			2,285,891
Commitments and contingencies (Note 23)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 90,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common Stock: 900,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.01 per share, 100,588,973 shares outstanding as of September 28, 2019; 900,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.01 per share, 101,310,862 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1,006			1,013
Additional paid-in capital	669,944			658,593
Retained earnings	282,787			246,833
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(172,987		)	(144,805		)
Total shareholders’ equity	780,750			761,634
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,345,400		$	3,047,525

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended
	September 28, 2019				September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Shares	Amount			Shares	Amount
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share	—	$	—		—	$	—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
Balance at beginning of period	100,543,160	$	1,005		104,723,933	$	1,048
Shares issued for exercise/vesting of share-based compensation awards	52,799	1			185,162	2
Shares repurchased	—	—			(1,436,677)	(15		)
Shares surrendered for tax obligations for employee share-based transactions	(6,986)	—			(51,459)	(1		)
Balance at period end	100,588,973	$	1,006		103,420,959	$	1,034
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period		$	666,160			$	654,791
Shares issued for exercise/vesting of share-based compensation awards		493				—
Shares surrendered for tax obligations for employee share-based transactions		(139		)		(1,257		)
Amortization of share-based compensation		4,097				4,059
Balance at period end		670,611				657,593
Employee stock notes
Balance at beginning of period		(661		)		(635		)
Net issuances, payments and accrued interest on notes		(6		)		(7		)
Balance at period end		(667		)		(642		)
Balance at period end		$	669,944			$	656,951
Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period		$	265,745			$	258,108
Share repurchased		—				(36,586		)
Net income		17,042				28,637
Balance at period end		$	282,787			$	250,159
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at beginning of period		$	(142,777	)		$	(126,622	)
Foreign currency adjustments		(36,633		)		(10,277		)
Unrealized gain on interest rate hedges		5,050				574
Net actuarial pension gain		1,373				1,503
Balance at period end		$	(172,987	)		$	(134,822	)

Total shareholders’ equity at period end		$	780,750			$	773,322

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(unaudited, continued)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2019				September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Shares	Amount			Shares	Amount
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share	—	$	—		—	$	—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
Balance at beginning of period	101,310,862	$	1,013		105,990,483	$	1,060
Shares issued for exercise/vesting of share-based compensation awards	523,346	6			761,568	8
Shares repurchased	(1,192,419)	(12		)	(3,080,594)	(31		)
Shares surrendered for tax obligations for employee share-based transactions	(52,816)	(1		)	(250,498)	(3		)
Balance at period end	100,588,973	$	1,006		103,420,959	$	1,034
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period		$	659,241			$	653,327
Shares issued for exercise/vesting of share-based compensation awards		1,970				189
Shares surrendered for tax obligations for employee share-based transactions		(1,057		)		(7,940		)
Amortization of share-based compensation		10,457				12,017
Balance at period end		670,611				657,593
Employee stock notes
Balance at beginning of period		(648		)		(661		)
Net issuances, payments and accrued interest on notes		(19		)		19
Balance at period end		(667		)		(642		)
Balance at period end		$	669,944			$	656,951
Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period		$	246,833			$	229,903
Share repurchased		(19,982		)		(83,561		)
Adoption of new accounting standard ASU No. 2016-02		761				—
Net income		55,175				103,817
Balance at period end		$	282,787			$	250,159
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at beginning of period		$	(144,805	)		$	(94,493	)
Foreign currency adjustments		(38,600		)		(47,779		)
Unrealized gain on interest rate hedges		6,163				1,966
Net actuarial pension gain		4,255				5,484
Balance at period end		$	(172,987	)		$	(134,822	)

Total shareholders’ equity at period end		$	780,750			$	773,322

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	55,175		$	103,817
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	99,749			90,279
Deferred income taxes	14,428			(41,484		)
(Gain) loss on sale of business units, property and equipment	(1,428		)	476
Adjustment to carrying value of assets	5,669			1,018
Equity earnings in non-consolidated entities	—			(738		)
Amortization of deferred financing costs	1,446			1,566
Non-cash gain on previously held shares of an equity investment	—			(20,767		)
Stock-based compensation	10,585			12,374
Contributions to U.S. pension plan	(6,198		)	(2,750		)
Amortization of U.S. pension expense	6,675			8,325
Other items, net	3,649			1,489
Net change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(98,525		)	(100,030		)
Inventories	(6,798		)	(29,986		)
Other assets	(1,905		)	(16,311		)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	72,785			89,940
Change in short term and long-term tax liabilities	9,585			(9,249		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	164,892			87,969
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(76,397		)	(68,701		)
Proceeds from sale of business units, property and equipment	7,542			1,580
Purchase of intangible assets	(28,174		)	(11,419		)
Purchases of businesses, net of cash acquired	(57,264		)	(167,136		)
Cash received for notes receivable	353			325
Net cash used in investing activities	(153,940		)	(245,351		)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Change in long-term debt	25,068			151,102
Employee note repayments	—			39
Contingent consideration for acquisitions	—			(3,701		)
Common stock issued for exercise of options	1,976			197
Common stock repurchased	(19,994		)	(82,843		)
Payments to tax authorities for employee share-based compensation	(986		)	(8,133		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,064			56,661
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash	(2,981		)	(3,637		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	14,035			(104,358		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning	117,623			256,234
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, ending	$	131,658		$	151,876
For further information see Note 25 - Supplemental Cash Flow.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Description of Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business – JELD-WEN Holding, Inc., along with its subsidiaries, is a vertically integrated global manufacturer and distributor of windows and doors that derives substantially all of its revenues from the sale of its door and window products. Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all references in these notes to “JELD-WEN,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” are to JELD-WEN Holding, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

We have facilities located in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia, Asia, Mexico, and South America. Our products are marketed primarily under the JELD-WEN brand name in the U.S. and Canada and under JELD-WEN and a variety of acquired brand names in Europe, Australia and Asia.

Our revenues are affected by the level of new housing starts and remodeling activity in each of our markets. Our sales typically follow seasonal new construction and repair and remodeling industry patterns. The peak season for home construction and remodeling in many of our markets generally corresponds with the second and third calendar quarters, and therefore, sales volume is typically higher during those quarters. Our first and fourth quarter sales volumes are generally lower due to reduced repair and remodeling activity and reduced activity in the building and construction industry as a result of colder and more inclement weather in certain of our geographic end markets.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of September 28, 2019 and for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, respectively, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019, or any other period. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from audited financial statements included in the Company’s Form 10-K. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. The consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and statements of cash flows have been revised to reflect the correction of certain errors and other accumulated misstatements as described in Note 27 - Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements. We do not believe the errors corrected were material to our previously issued financial statements.

All U.S. dollar and other currency amounts, except per share amounts, are presented in thousands unless otherwise noted.

Fiscal Year – We operate on a fiscal calendar year, and each interim quarter is comprised of two 4-week periods and one 5-week period, with each week ending on a Saturday. Our fiscal year always begins on January 1 and ends on December 31. As a result, our first and fourth quarters may have more or fewer days included than a traditional 91-day fiscal quarter.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, long-lived assets including goodwill and other intangible assets, employee benefit obligations, income tax uncertainties, contingent assets and liabilities, provisions for bad debt, inventory, warranty liabilities, legal claims, valuation of derivatives, environmental remediation and claims relating to self-insurance. Actual results could differ due to the uncertainty inherent in the nature of these estimates.

Factoring Arrangements – Our ABS subsidiary, acquired in March 2018, has entered into factoring agreements with a U.S.-based financial institution under which it can elect to sell certain of its accounts receivable under non-recourse agreements. These transactions are treated as a sale and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreements transfer effective control over and risk of non-collection to the factor. Thus, cash proceeds from these arrangements are reflected as operating activities, including the change of accounts receivable on our statement of cash flows each period. We do not service any factored accounts after the factoring has occurred and do not have any servicing

assets or liabilities. We utilize factoring arrangements as part of our financing to manage working capital. The aggregate gross amount factored under these arrangements was $57.4 million and $36.6 million for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, respectively. The cost of factoring is reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as interest expense with other financing costs was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million in each of the corresponding periods ended September 29, 2018.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards – In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting treatment for implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements (hosting arrangements) that are service contracts with the requirement for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or acquire internal-use-software. We early adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact to the unaudited consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under ASU No. 2018-07, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019, and the adoption did not have an impact on our unaudited consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. We have chosen not to make any reclassifications under this standard.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The targeted amendments help simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting and result in a more accurate portrayal of the economics of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. For cash flow and net investment hedges as of the adoption date, the guidance requires a modified retrospective approach. In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes, which adds the overnight index swap rate (OIS) based on the secured overnight financing rate as a fifth U.S. benchmark interest rate. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019, and it did not have an impact on our unaudited consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Section A - Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet and retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous lease guidance. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019 including the practical expedients outlined in ASU No. 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842) Land Easement Practical Expedient for transition to ASC 842, the additional transition method and election to combine lease and nonlease components for real estate leases outlined in ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements, and the accounting policy election outlined in ASU No. 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) Narrow-scope Improvements for Lessors. The adoption of the standard has had a significant impact on our unaudited consolidated balance sheet due to the recognition of approximately $200 million of lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets for operating leases. Additionally, we recognized a $0.8 million cumulative effect adjustment credit, net of tax, to retained earnings. The adjustment to retained earnings was driven by a build-to-suit capital lease that transitioned to an operating lease under the new standard. The deferred tax impact on adoption was immaterial.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted – In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which adds, modifies and clarifies several disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other post retirement plans. This guidance is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the effect that this ASU will have on our disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. To simplify the measurement of goodwill impairments, this ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, which required the calculation of the implied fair value of goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The guidance will be effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost and adds an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to (Topic 326), Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, (Topic 815), Derivatives and Hedging, and (Topic 825), Financial Instruments, to clarify and address certain items related to the amendments of ASU No. 2016-13. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently extracting and analyzing historical credit and collections data for our customers to assess the impact of this ASU on our internal processes and our disclosures, which will primarily impact our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Note 2. Acquisitions

In March 2019, we acquired VPI Quality Windows, Inc. VPI is a leading manufacturer of vinyl windows, specializing in customized solutions for mid-rise multi-family, industrial, hospitality and commercial projects, primarily in the western U.S. VPI is located in Spokane, Washington. VPI is now part of our North America segment.

The preliminary fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired of this acquisition are summarized below:



(amounts in thousands)	Preliminary Allocation		Measurement Period Adjustment			Revised Preliminary Allocation
Fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	$	11,417	$	(137	)	$	11,280
Inventories	2,555		(60		)	2,495
Other current assets	261		12			273
Property and equipment	3,166		176			3,342
Identifiable intangible assets	17,702		5,735			23,437
Operating lease assets, net	3,739		—			3,739
Goodwill	26,553		(5,948		)	20,605
Other assets	10		—			10
Total assets	$	65,403	$	(222	)	$	65,181
Accounts payable	2,629		—			2,629
Other current liabilities	1,875		—			1,875
Operating lease liability	3,413		—			3,413
Total liabilities	$	7,917	$	—		$	7,917
Purchase price:
Cash consideration, net of cash acquired	$	57,486	$	(222	)	$	57,264

The revised preliminary goodwill of $20.6 million, calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets, represents operational efficiencies and sales synergies, and the full amount is expected to be tax-deductible. The intangible assets include customer relationships and tradenames and will be amortized over a preliminary estimated weighted average amortization period of 8 years. Total 2019 net revenues and net loss, excluding retention bonuses disclosed below, relating to VPI since the date of acquisition were $30.2 million and $(1.5) million, respectively.

Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expense in our accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations. We incurred no acquisition-related costs during the three months ended September 28, 2019 and $0.4 million during the nine months ended September 28, 2019. Prior to our purchase of VPI, certain employees held employment agreements including retention bonuses with service requirements

extending into the post-acquisition period. As agreed with the former owners, the retention bonuses were prepaid at the acquisition date and any repayments of the retention bonuses under the terms of the employment agreements will accrue to the benefit of the former owners. The cash used to pay the retention bonuses was excluded from our determination of preliminary purchase price. In the second quarter of 2019, we expensed the post-acquisition value of these retention bonuses as acquisition-related cost totaling $7.1 million, which are included in selling, general and administrative expense in our accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 28, 2019.

During 2018 we completed four acquisitions. The fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired of the completed acquisitions are summarized below:



(amounts in thousands)	Preliminary Allocation			Measurement Period Adjustment			Revised Preliminary Allocation
Fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	$	58,714		$	(2,079	)	$	56,635
Inventories	97,305			(8,069		)	89,236
Other current assets	14,910			(6,137		)	8,773
Property and equipment	53,128			26,170			79,298
Identifiable intangible assets	70,057			(1,363		)	68,694
Goodwill	64,950			(4,330		)	60,620
Other assets	7,283			(3,528		)	3,755
Total assets	$	366,347		$	664		$	367,011
Accounts payable	29,512			(6,097		)	23,415
Current maturities of long-term debt	17,278			803			18,081
Other current liabilities	27,595			4,496			32,091
Long-term debt	47,369			5,129			52,498
Other liabilities	17,551			(2,353		)	15,198
Total liabilities	$	139,305		$	1,978		$	141,283
Purchase price:							—
Cash consideration, net of cash acquired	$	169,002		$	(1,314	)	$	167,688
Contingent consideration	3,898			—			3,898
Gain on previously held shares	20,767			—			20,767
Existing investment in acquired entity	33,483			—			33,483
Non-cash consideration related to acquired intercompany balances	(108		)	—			(108		)
Total consideration, net of cash acquired	$	227,042		$	(1,314	)	$	225,728

Goodwill of $60.6 million, calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets, represents operational efficiencies and sales synergies, and no amount is expected to be tax-deductible. The intangible assets include customer relationships, tradenames, patents and software and will be amortized over a weighted average amortization period of 16 years. Acquisition-related costs of $1.6 million and $5.3 million were expensed as incurred and are included in SG&A expense in our accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, respectively. The purchase price allocation was considered complete for the Domoferm, A&L, ABS and D&K acquisitions as of March 30, 2019.

We evaluated these acquisitions quantitatively and qualitatively and determined them to be insignificant both individually and in the aggregate. Therefore, certain pro forma disclosures under ASC 805-10-50 have been omitted.

The results of the acquisitions are included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements from the date of their acquisition.

Note 3. Accounts Receivable

We sell our manufactured products to a large number of customers, primarily in the residential housing construction and remodel sectors, broadly dispersed across many domestic and foreign geographic regions. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers to minimize credit risk. We do not usually require collateral for accounts receivable but will require advance payment, guarantees, a security interest in the products sold to a customer, and/or letters of credit in certain situations. Customer accounts receivable converted to notes receivable are primarily collateralized by inventory or other collateral.

At September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.9 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

The prior period information has been revised. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 4. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	374,724	$	370,124
Work in process	36,785		39,127
Finished goods	97,935		99,248
Total inventories	$	509,444	$	508,499

The prior period information has been revised. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 5. Property and Equipment, Net



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			December 31, 2018
Property and equipment	$	2,006,687		$	1,982,301
Accumulated depreciation	(1,164,467		)	(1,138,898		)
Total property and equipment, net	$	842,220		$	843,403

We monitor all property and equipment for any indicators of potential impairment. We recorded impairment charges of $1.4 million and $2.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively. We recorded impairment charges of $0.3 million and $0.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, respectively.

Depreciation expense was recorded as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Cost of sales	$	21,382	$	20,658	$	62,798	$	61,655
Selling, general and administrative	2,408		2,408		7,342		6,898
Total depreciation expense	$	23,790	$	23,066	$	70,140	$	68,553

Note 6. Goodwill

The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill by reportable segment:



(amounts in thousands)	North America			Europe			Australasia			Total Reportable Segments
Balance as of January 1	$	223,562		$	279,688		$	82,692		$	585,942
Acquisitions - preliminary allocation	26,553			—			—			26,553
Acquisition remeasurements	(4,430		)	—			(1,248		)	(5,678		)
Sale of business unit	(1,343		)	—			—			(1,343		)
Currency translation	169			(12,585		)	(3,075		)	(15,491		)
Balance at end of period	$	244,511		$	267,103		$	78,369		$	589,983

Note 7. Intangible Assets, Net

The cost and accumulated amortization values of our intangible assets were as follows:



	September 28, 2019
(amounts in thousands)	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Customer relationships and agreements	$	152,965	$	(56,618	)	$	96,347
Software	86,782		(16,022		)	70,760
Trademarks and trade names	57,278		(6,682		)	50,596
Patents, licenses and rights	46,742		(15,858		)	30,884
Total amortizable intangibles	$	343,767	$	(95,180	)	$	248,587



	December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Customer relationships and agreements	$	134,999	$	(45,418	)	$	89,581
Software	62,147		(14,053		)	48,094
Trademarks and trade names	57,513		(5,050		)	52,463
Patents, licenses and rights	47,804		(12,389		)	35,415
Total amortizable intangibles	$	302,463	$	(76,910	)	$	225,553

We have capitalized a total of $53.2 million related to the application development stage of our global ERP system implementation, including $24.8 million during the nine months ended September 28, 2019. During the second quarter of 2019, we began amortizing the cost of our global ERP system over its estimated useful life of 15 years.

Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Intangible assets that become fully amortized are removed from the accounts in the period that they become fully amortized. Amortization expense was recorded as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Amortization expense	$	8,764	$	5,120	$	23,557	$	14,987

Note 8. Leases

We lease certain warehouses, distribution centers, office space, land, vehicles and equipment. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Amounts associated with operating leases are included in operating lease assets (“ROU assets”), net, accrued expense and other

current liabilities and noncurrent operating lease liability in our consolidated balance sheet. Amounts associated with finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, current maturities of long-term debt and long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheet.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

If the leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate for operating leases that commenced in the period is determined by using the prior quarter end’s incremental borrowing rates.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, we combine lease and nonlease components.

Certain leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 20 years or more, and the exercise of lease renewal options under these leases is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Lease ROU assets and liabilities at September 28, 2019 were as follows:



(amounts in thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	September 28, 2019
Assets:
Operating	Operating lease assets, net	$	176,515
Finance	Property and equipment, net ⁽¹⁾	3,577
Total lease assets		$	180,092
Liabilities:
Current:
Operating	Accrued expense and other current liabilities	$	43,245
Finance	Current maturities of long-term debt	1,163
Noncurrent:
Operating	Operating lease liability	140,900
Finance	Long-term debt	2,472
Total lease liability		$	187,780

⁽¹⁾ Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $1.2 million as of September 28, 2019.

During the nine months ended September 28, 2019, we obtained $15.2 million in right-of-use assets in exchange for operating lease liabilities.

The components of lease expense for the periods ended September 28, 2019 were as follows:



(amounts in thousands)	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Operating	$	13,454	$	40,928
Short term	3,198		8,607
Variable	963		2,800
Low value	475		1,317
Finance	24		71
Total lease costs	$	18,114	$	53,723



	September 28, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease terms (years):
Operating	6.6
Finance	3.8
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating	4.7%
Finance	4.6%

Future minimum lease payment obligations under operating and capital leases are as follows:



	September 28, 2019
(amounts in thousands)	Operating Leases ⁽¹⁾		Finance Leases		Total
2019 (remaining three months)	$	13,306	$	330	$	13,636
2020	49,834		1,249		51,083
2021	37,128		949		38,077
2022	28,984		599		29,583
2023	23,426		521		23,947
Thereafter	65,025		293		65,318
Total lease payments	217,703		3,941		221,644
Less: Interest	33,558		306		33,864
Present value of lease liability	$	184,145	$	3,635	$	187,780

⁽¹⁾ Operating lease payments include $2.3 million related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.

Disclosures related to period prior to adoption of the Standard

Operating lease rent expense was $16.8 million and $47.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, respectively.

Future minimum lease payment obligations under operating and capital leases are as follows:



	December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	Operating Leases		Capital Leases ⁽¹⁾		Total
2019	$	49,128	$	862	$	49,990
2020	43,794		826		44,620
2021	30,885		561		31,446
2022	24,020		237		24,257
2023	19,352		225		19,577
Thereafter	33,943		23,968		57,911
Total future minimum lease payment obligations	$	201,122	$	26,679	$	227,801

⁽¹⁾As of December 31, 2018, capital leases included maturities of approximately $24.5 million related to a build-to-suit lease that transitioned to operating lease under the new leasing standard.

Note 9. Other Assets



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019		December 31, 2018
Customer displays	$	13,337	$	15,069
Deposits	6,465		6,627
Long-term notes receivable	4,724		4,902
Cloud computing arrangements	4,290		—
Other prepaid expenses	2,571		5,331
Overfunded pension benefit obligation	1,590		1,517
Debt issuance costs on unused portion of revolver facility	1,588		1,552
Long-term taxes receivable	800		800
Other long-term accounts receivable	835		762
Other long-term assets	370		366
Total other assets	$	36,570	$	36,926

The prior period information has been revised and reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 10. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019		December 31, 2018
Current portion of legal claims provision	$	78,483	$	79,356
Accrued sales and advertising rebates	66,064		68,755
Current portion of operating lease liability (Note 8)	43,245		—
Accrued expenses	30,070		28,261
Non-income related taxes	33,590		21,643
Current portion of warranty liability (Note 11)	20,035		20,529
Accrued interest payable	16,391		2,016
Current portion of accrued claim costs relating to self-insurance programs	11,421		12,319
Current portion of accrued income taxes payable	10,220		1,739
Current portion of deferred revenue (Note 16)	8,794		9,896
Current portion of restructuring accrual (Note 19)	6,093		6,635
Current portion of derivative liability (Note 21)	1,379		1,161
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	325,785	$	252,310

The prior period information has been revised. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

In the table above, the legal claims provision balances relate primarily to the $76.5 million litigation contingency associated with the ongoing antitrust litigation with Steves & Sons, Inc. For further information regarding this litigation, see Note 23 - Commitments and Contingencies.

The accrued sales and advertising rebates, accrued interest payable, and non-income related taxes can fluctuate significantly period over period due to timing of payments.

Note 11. Warranty Liability

Warranty terms vary from one year to lifetime on certain window and door components. Warranties are normally limited to servicing or replacing defective components for the original customer. Product defects arising within six months of sale are classified as manufacturing defects and are not included in the current period expense below. Some warranties are transferable to subsequent owners and are either limited to 10 years from the date of manufacture or require pro-rata payments from the customer. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale based on historical experience and is periodically adjusted to reflect actual experience.

An analysis of our warranty liability is as follows:



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Balance as of January 1	$	46,468		$	46,256
Current period expense	15,180			19,493
Liabilities assumed due to acquisition	79			1,541
Experience adjustments	1,090			500
Payments	(15,937		)	(20,128		)
Currency translation	(68		)	(548		)
Balance at period end	46,812			47,114
Current portion	(20,035		)	(20,954		)
Long-term portion	$	26,777		$	26,160

The most significant component of our warranty liability is in the North America segment, which totaled $41.8 million at September 28, 2019 after discounting future estimated cash flows at rates between 0.76% and 4.75%. Without discounting, the liability would have been higher by approximately $3.0 million.

Note 12. Long-Term Debt

Our long-term debt, net of original issue discount and unamortized debt issuance costs, consisted of the following:



	September 28, 2019	September 28, 2019			December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	Interest Rate	September 28, 2019			December 31, 2018
Senior notes	4.63% - 4.88%	$	800,000		$	800,000
Term loans	1.30% - 4.33%	592,794			474,058
Finance leases and other financing arrangements	1.90% - 6.38%	101,649			98,914
Mortgage notes	1.65%	27,888			30,375
Revolving credit facilities	4.45%	3,017			85,000
Installment notes for stock	5.00%	205			962
Unamortized debt issuance costs and original issue discount		(11,189		)	(11,417		)
		1,514,364			1,477,892
Current maturities of long-term debt		(67,817		)	(54,930		)
Long-term debt		$	1,446,547		$	1,422,962

Summaries of our significant changes to outstanding debt agreements as of September 28, 2019 are as follows:

Senior Notes

In December 2017, we issued $800.0 million of unsecured Senior Notes in two tranches: $400.0 million bearing interest at 4.63% and maturing in December 2025, and $400.0 million bearing interest at 4.88% and maturing in December 2027.

Term Loans

U.S. Facility - In September 2019, we amended the Term Loan Facility to provide for an incremental aggregate principal amount of $125.0 million and used the proceeds to repay $115.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility. The proceeds were net of the original issue discount of 0.5%, or $0.6 million, as well as $0.6 million in fees and expenses associated with the debt issuance. There were no other changes to key terms and the facility maintains its original maturity date in December 2024. At September 28, 2019, the outstanding principal balance, net of original issue discount, was $557.8 million.

Australia Facility - In June 2019, we reallocated AUD 5.0 million from the term loan commitment to the interchangeable commitment of the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility. The amended AUD 50.0 million floating rate term loan facility bears interest at a base rate of BBSY plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.10% and matures in February 2023. In addition, we pay a line fee of 1.25% on the facility, which is secured by guarantees of JWA and had an outstanding principal balance of $33.8 million as of September 28, 2019.

Revolving Credit Facilities

ABL Facility - In December 2018, we amended the $300 million ABL Facility, providing for a $100 million increase in the U.S. revolving credit commitments. The amended $400 million facility matures in December 2022. Extensions of credit are limited by a borrowing base calculated based on specified percentages of the value of eligible accounts receivable and inventory, subject to certain reserves and other adjustments. We pay a fee of 0.25% on the unused portion of the commitments. As of September 28, 2019, we had $3.0 million in borrowings, $36.0 million in letters of credit and $307.1 million available under the ABL Facility.

Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility - In June 2019, we amended the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility to provide for an AUD 35.0 million interchangeable facility to be used for loans of 12 months or less bearing interest at BBSY plus a margin of 1.10%, as well as guarantees and asset financing. The non-term loan portion of the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility no longer has a set maturity date but is instead subject to an annual review. As of September 28, 2019, we had AUD 22.0 million ($14.9 million) available under this facility.

Euro Revolving Facility - In January 2019, we allowed our €39 million Euro Revolving Facility to expire due to operating cash generation in Europe as well as expenses and restrictions associated with the facility.

At September 28, 2019, we had combined borrowing availability of $322.0 million under our revolving credit facilities.

Mortgage Notes – In December 2007, we entered into thirty-year mortgage notes secured by land and buildings with principal payments which began in 2018. At September 28, 2019, we had DKK 190.4 million (or $27.9 million) outstanding under these notes.

Finance leases and other financing arrangements – In addition to finance leases, we include insurance premium financing arrangements and loans secured by equipment in this category. At September 28, 2019, we had $101.6 million outstanding in this category, with maturities ranging from 2019 to 2026. At December 31, 2018, this category included a $24.5 million build-to-suit capital lease that was reclassified as an operating lease under the recently updated leasing standards and is no longer reflected in long-term debt as of January 1, 2019 (Note 8 - Leases). Increases in this category during 2019 were primarily due to additional equipment financing.

As of September 28, 2019, we were in compliance with the terms of all of our credit facilities.

Note 13. Income Taxes

The Company completed its accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act as of December 31, 2018. Although the measurement period has effectively ended, additional guidance and regulations continue to be released or finalized as of September 28, 2019. We have considered these ongoing developments and determined that they have no impact on our tax accounts for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019. Final guidance, once issued, may materially affect our conclusions regarding the net related effects of the Tax Act on our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Until then, management will continue to monitor and work with its tax advisors to interpret any guidance issued.

The effective income tax rate for continuing operations was 56.9% and 44.9% for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively, compared to (1,039.2)% and (14.6)% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, respectively. In accordance with ASC 740-270, we recorded tax expense of $22.5 million and $45.0 million from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively, compared to tax benefit of $31.7 million and $13.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, respectively, by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate to our year-to-date income for includable entities during the respective periods. Our estimated annual effective tax rate for both years includes the impact of the new tax on GILTI. The application of the estimated annual effective tax rate in interim periods may result in a significant variation in the customary relationship between income tax expense and pretax accounting income due to the seasonality of our global business. Entities that are currently generating losses and for which there is a full valuation allowance are excluded from the worldwide effective tax rate calculation and are calculated separately.

The impact of significant discrete items is separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur. The tax expense related to discrete items included in the tax provision for continuing operations for the three months ended September 28, 2019 was $6.2 million, compared to a tax benefit of $59.8 million for the three months ended September 29, 2018. The discrete tax expense for the three months ended September 28, 2019 was comprised primarily of $4.5 million related to the reclassification of stranded tax effect attributable to termination of hedge accounting for the maturity of interest rate swaps within OCI to income tax expense, $0.6 million related to return-to-provision adjustments for various entities for tax filings in the period, $0.4 million attributable to current period interest expense on uncertain tax positions and $0.4 million related to French tax rate changes. The discrete tax benefit for the three months ended September 29, 2018 was comprised primarily of $40.2 million for adjustments to our SAB 118 provisional estimates related to tax reform and $19.6 million for the accrual recorded in connection with the Steves litigation. The tax expense related to discrete items included in the tax provision for continuing operations for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 was $9.1 million, compared to a benefit of $65.1 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The discrete amounts for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 were comprised primarily of the tax expense of $4.5 million related to the reclassification of the stranded tax effect within OCI, a tax expense of $1.2 million related to a shortfall recognized from exercises and forfeitures from share-based compensation awards, $1.0 million related to the establishment of valuation allowance for a Chilean subsidiary, $1.1 million related to return-to-provision adjustments for various entities for tax filings in the period, $0.9 million attributable to current period interest expense on uncertain tax positions, and $0.4 million related to French tax rate changes. The discrete amounts for the nine months ended September 29, 2018 were comprised primarily of $40.2 million for adjustments to our SAB 118 provisional estimates related to tax reform, $19.6 million for the accrual recorded in connection with the Steves litigation, $7.1 million attributable to the write-off of the outside basis difference of an investment formerly held as an equity method investment, and $1.8 million attributable to stock compensation exercises and expirations, offset by tax expense of $2.7 million for a net increase to uncertain tax positions arising from certain tax examinations, including interest, and $0.9 million attributable to interest expense on uncertain tax positions.

Under ASC 740-10, we provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest expense by adjusting unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest accordingly. We recognize potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. We had unrecognized tax benefits of $15.4 million and $16.6 million as of September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The prior period information has been revised. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 14. Segment Information

We report our segment information in the same way management internally organizes the business in assessing performance and making decisions regarding allocation of resources in accordance with ASC 280-10- Segment Reporting. We determined that we have three reportable segments, organized and managed principally by geographic region. Our reportable segments are North America, Europe and Australasia. We report all other business activities in Corporate and unallocated costs. Factors considered in determining the three reportable segments include the nature of business activities, the management structure accountable directly to the CODM, the discrete financial information available and the information regularly reviewed by the CODM. Management reviews net revenues and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), adjusted for the following items: loss from discontinued operations, net of tax; equity earnings of non-consolidated entities; income tax (benefit) expense; depreciation and amortization; interest expense, net; impairment and restructuring charges; gain on previously held shares of equity investment; (gain) loss on sale of property and equipment; share-based compensation expense; non-cash foreign exchange transaction/translation (income) loss; other non-cash items; other items; and costs related to debt restructuring and debt refinancing.

The following tables set forth certain information relating to our segments’ operations:



(amounts in thousands)	North America			Europe			Australasia			Total Operating Segments			Corporate and Unallocated Costs			Total Consolidated
Three Months Ended September 28, 2019
Total net revenues	$	658,705		$	287,703		$	148,281		$	1,094,689		$	—		$	1,094,689
Intersegment net revenues	(268		)	(13		)	(2,455		)	(2,736		)	—			(2,736		)
Net revenues from external customers	$	658,437		$	287,690		$	145,826		$	1,091,953		$	—		$	1,091,953
Impairment and restructuring charges	$	1,133		$	2,258		$	4,513		$	7,904		$	31		$	7,935
Adjusted EBITDA	$	66,671		$	30,184		$	20,343		$	117,198		$	(8,250	)	$	108,948
Three Months Ended September 29, 2018
Total net revenues	$	667,915		$	292,975		$	179,659		$	1,140,549		$	—		$	1,140,549
Intersegment net revenues	(206		)	(66		)	(3,799		)	(4,071		)	—			(4,071		)
Net revenues from external customers	$	667,709		$	292,909		$	175,860		$	1,136,478		$	—		$	1,136,478
Impairment and restructuring charges	$	2,233		$	1,053		$	318		$	3,604		$	287		$	3,891
Adjusted EBITDA	$	84,286		$	27,713		$	26,192		$	138,191		$	(5,562	)	$	132,629



(amounts in thousands)	North America			Europe			Australasia			Total Operating Segments			Corporate and Unallocated Costs			Total Consolidated
Nine Months Ended September 28, 2019
Total net revenues	$	1,893,273		$	888,174		$	447,004		$	3,228,451		$	—		$	3,228,451
Intersegment net revenues	(1,358		)	(133		)	(5,760		)	(7,251		)	—			(7,251		)
Net revenues from external customers	$	1,891,915		$	888,041		$	441,244		$	3,221,200		$	—		$	3,221,200
Impairment and restructuring charges	$	5,281		$	4,210		$	6,932		$	16,423		$	965		$	17,388
Adjusted EBITDA	$	206,985		$	86,810		$	57,981		$	351,776		$	(25,968	)	$	325,808
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2018
Total net revenues	$	1,839,710		$	914,222		$	512,656		$	3,266,588		$	—		$	3,266,588
Intersegment net revenues	(885		)	(930		)	(9,665		)	(11,480		)	—			(11,480		)
Net revenues from external customers	$	1,838,825		$	913,292		$	502,991		$	3,255,108		$	—		$	3,255,108
Impairment and restructuring charges	$	4,425		$	1,758		$	4,068		$	10,251		$	(873	)	$	9,378
Adjusted EBITDA	$	210,958		$	97,340		$	66,978		$	375,276		$	(22,123	)	$	353,153

Reconciliations of net income to Adjusted EBITDA are as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Net income	$	17,042		$	28,637		$	55,175	$	103,817
Equity earnings of non-consolidated entities	—			—			—		(738		)
Income tax expense	22,500			(31,686		)	45,030		(13,141		)
Depreciation and amortization	34,921			31,248			99,749		90,279
Interest expense, net	17,571			18,341			53,719		51,832
Impairment and restructuring charges	7,935			3,891			17,388		9,378
Gain on previously held shares of equity investment	—			—			—		(20,767		)
Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment	1			(119		)	1,081		154
Share-based compensation expense	4,108			4,133			10,585		12,374
Non-cash foreign exchange transaction/translation (income) loss	(182		)	2,840			3,615		(359		)
Other items⁽¹⁾	5,052			75,154			38,732		107,868
Other non-cash items ⁽²⁾	—			—			734		12,191
Costs relating to debt restructuring and debt refinancing	—			190			—		265
Adjusted EBITDA	$	108,948		$	132,629		$	325,808	$	353,153

(1)

Other non-recurring items not core to ongoing business activity include: (i) in the three months ended September 28, 2019 (1) $3,599 in legal and professional fees relating primarily to litigation, (2) $(3,021) of realized gains on hedges of intercompany notes, (3) $2,839 in facility closure and consolidation costs related to our facility footprint rationalization program, and (4) $1,435 in acquisition and integration costs; (ii) in the three months ended September 29, 2018 (1) $76,500 in litigation contingency accruals, (2) $(3,700) of realized gains on hedges of intercompany notes, and (3) $1,790 in acquisition and integration costs; (iii) in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 (1) $16,877 in facility closure and consolidation costs related to our facility footprint rationalization program, (2) $13,432 in acquisition and integration costs including $7,077 related to purchase price structured by the former owners as retention payments for key employees at a recent acquisition, (3) $9,922 in legal cost and professional fees relating primarily to litigation, (4) $(3,053) of realized gains on hedges of intercompany notes, (5) $842 in other miscellaneous costs, and (6) $625 in costs related to the departure of former executives; (iv) in the nine months ended September 29, 2018 (1) $76,500 in litigation contingency accruals, (2) $25,372 in legal and professional fees relating primarily to litigation, (3) $5,954 in acquisition and integration costs, (4) $(3,700) of realized gains on hedges of intercompany notes, (5) $2,776 in costs related to the departure of former executives, and (6) $445 in stock compensation payroll taxes.


(2)	Other non-cash items include: (i) in the nine months ended September 28, 2019, $734 for inventory adjustments; (ii) in the nine months ended September 29, 2018, $12,191 for initial inventory adjustments related to the ABS acquisition.

The prior period information has been revised and reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 15. Capital Stock

Preferred Stock – Our Board of Directors is authorized to issue Preferred Stock from time to time in one or more series and with such rights, privileges and preferences as the Board may from time to time determine. We have not issued any shares of preferred stock.

Common Stock – Includes the basis of shares outstanding plus amounts recorded as additional paid-in capital. Shares outstanding at both September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018 exclude the 193,941 shares issued to the Employee Benefit Trust that are considered similar to treasury shares. These shares had a total original issuance value of $12.4 million.

In April 2018, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250 million of our Common Stock through December 31, 2019. Purchases are made in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations and may be funded from available liquidity including available cash or borrowings under existing or future credit facilities. The timing

and amount of any repurchases of Common Stock is based on JELD-WEN’s liquidity, general business and market conditions and other factors, including alternative investment opportunities. During the nine months ended September 28, 2019, we repurchased 1,192,419 shares of our Common Stock at an average purchase price of $16.77 per share. No shares were purchased in the three months ended September 28, 2019. As of September 28, 2019, $105.0 million was remaining under the repurchase authorization. On November 4, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to the remaining authorization under the share repurchase program to a total of $175.0 million with no expiration date.

Note 16. Revenue Recognition

We disaggregate revenues based on geographical location. See Note 14 - Segment Information for further information on disaggregated revenue.

Deferred Revenue – We record deferred revenue when we collect pre-payments from customers for performance obligations we expect to fulfill through future performance of a service or delivery of a product. We classify our deferred revenue based on our estimate as to when we expect to satisfy the related performance obligations. Current deferred revenues are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Significant changes in the deferred revenue balances during the period are as follows:



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Balance as of January 1	$	9,896		$	9,970
Increases due to cash received	61,844			61,069
Revenue recognized during the period	(62,607		)	(60,078		)
Liabilities assumed due to acquisition	—			747
Currency translation	(339		)	(738		)
Balance at period end	$	8,794		$	10,970

The prior period information has been revised. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 17. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net earnings per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common share equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method. Common stock options, unvested Common Restricted Stock Units and unvested Common Performance Share Units are considered to be common stock equivalents included in the calculation of diluted net income per share.

The basic and diluted income per share calculations are presented below:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Earnings per share basic:
Income from continuing operations	$	17,042	$	28,637	$	55,175	$	103,079
Equity earnings of non-consolidated entities	—		—		—		738
Net Income	$	17,042	$	28,637	$	55,175	$	103,817

Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock basic	100,572,016		104,169,833		100,615,006		105,309,185

Net income per share - basic	$	0.17	$	0.27	$	0.55	$	0.99



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Earnings per share diluted:
Net income - basic and diluted	$	17,042	$	28,637	$	55,175	$	103,817

Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock basic	100,572,016		104,169,833		100,615,006		105,309,185
Restricted stock units, performance share units and options to purchase common stock	809,960		1,767,596		804,764		2,167,864
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock diluted	101,381,976		105,937,429		101,419,770		107,477,049

Net income per share - diluted	$	0.17	$	0.27	$	0.54	$	0.97

The following table provides the securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2019	September 29, 2018	September 28, 2019	September 29, 2018
Common stock options	1,678,874	1,130,020	1,711,275	806,309
Restricted stock units	40,707	187,144	201,254	30,953
Performance share units	11,525	108,667	299,856	—

The prior period information has been revised. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 18. Stock Compensation

The activity under our incentive plans for the periods presented are reflected in the following tables:



	Three Months Ended
	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Options granted	18,226	$	20.88	21,849	$	28.74
Options canceled	68,940	$	25.79	124,104	$	18.10
Options exercised	72,667	$	12.25	300,084	$	11.93

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
RSUs granted	260,219	$	18.08	31,906	$	27.91
PSUs granted	14,367	$	22.15	—	$	—



	Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Options granted	443,170	$	20.94	838,912	$	32.16
Options canceled	238,142	$	26.36	524,225	$	18.04
Options exercised	459,724	$	9.44	1,305,489	$	14.47

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
RSUs granted	914,207	$	20.02	642,279	$	31.38
PSUs granted	401,935	$	22.21	193,763	$	31.60

Stock-based compensation expense was $4.2 million and $10.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively, and $4.2 million and $12.4 million in the corresponding periods ended September 29, 2018, respectively. As of September 28, 2019, we had $32.7 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.22 years.

Note 19. Impairment and Restructuring Charges

During 2018 and 2019, we engaged in restructuring activity intended to improve productivity, operating margins, and working capital levels. Restructuring costs primarily relate to workforce reductions, repositioning of management structure and costs associated with plant consolidations and closures. Asset impairment charges were recorded in addition to our restructuring costs. In 2019, the asset impairment charges were primarily related to ROU assets held by operations impacted by restructuring.

The following table summarizes the restructuring charges for the periods indicated:



(amounts in thousands)	North America		Europe			Australasia		Corporate and Unallocated Costs			Total Consolidated
Three Months Ended September 28, 2019
Severance costs	$	6	$	2,022		$	1,726	$	44		$	3,798
Other exit costs	16		236			814		(13		)	1,053
Total restructuring costs	22		2,258			2,540		31			4,851
Impairments	1,111		—			1,973		—			3,084
Total impairment and restructuring charges	$	1,133	$	2,258		$	4,513	$	31		$	7,935
Three Months Ended September 29, 2018
Severance costs	$	1,824	$	1,176		$	318	$	195		$	3,513
Other exit costs	107		(123		)	—		92			76
Total restructuring costs	1,931		1,053			318		287			3,589
Impairments	302		—			—		—			302
Total impairment and restructuring charges	$	2,233	$	1,053		$	318	$	287		$	3,891



(amounts in thousands)	North America		Europe			Australasia		Corporate and Unallocated Costs			Total Consolidated
Nine Months Ended September 28, 2019
Severance costs	$	2,166	$	3,693		$	3,262	$	1,005		$	10,126
Other exit costs	50		356			1,227		(40		)	1,593
Total restructuring costs	2,216		4,049			4,489		965			11,719
Impairments	3,065		161			2,443		—			5,669
Total impairment and restructuring charges	$	5,281	$	4,210		$	6,932	$	965		$	17,388
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2018
Severance costs	$	2,495	$	1,881		$	2,035	$	226		$	6,637
Other exit costs	1,469		(123		)	2,033		(1,656		)	1,723
Total restructuring costs	3,964		1,758			4,068		(1,430		)	8,360
Impairments	461		—			—		557			1,018
Total impairment and restructuring charges	$	4,425	$	1,758		$	4,068	$	(873	)	$	9,378

Short-term restructuring accruals are recorded in accrued expenses and totaled $6.1 million and $6.6 million as of September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Long-term restructuring accruals are recorded in deferred credits and other liabilities and totaled $1.2 million and $2.0 million as of September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following is a summary of the restructuring accruals recorded and charges incurred:



(amounts in thousands)	Beginning Accrual Balance		Additions Charged to Expense		Payments or Utilization			Ending Accrual Balance
September 28, 2019
Severance costs	$	5,353	$	10,126	$	(11,067	)	$	4,412
Other exit costs	3,287		1,593		(2,009		)	2,871
Total	$	8,640	$	11,719	$	(13,076	)	$	7,283
September 29, 2018
Severance costs	$	7,232	$	6,638	$	(10,378	)	$	3,492
Other exit costs	3,807		1,722		(2,766		)	2,763
Total	$	11,039	$	8,360	$	(13,144	)	$	6,255

The prior period information has been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Note 20. Other (Income) Expense

The table below summarizes the amounts included in other (income) expense in the accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Foreign currency gains	$	(5,374	)	$	(2,809	)	$	(5,195	)	$	(6,437	)
Pension benefit expense	2,726			2,103			8,126			8,333
Legal settlement income	—			(7,258		)	(1,247		)	(7,340		)
Gain on sale of business	—			—			(2,814		)	—
Gain on previously held shares of an equity investment	—			—			—			(20,767		)
Other items	(39		)	(35		)	(158		)	(1,272		)
Total other income	$	(2,687	)	$	(7,999	)	$	(1,288	)	$	(27,483	)

The gain on previously held shares of an equity investment relates to an equity method investment that was remeasured on the date we acquired the company in 2018.

The prior period information has been revised and reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Please refer to Note 27-Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Note 21. Derivative Financial Instruments

All derivatives are recorded as assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at their respective fair values. For derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting, changes in the fair value related to the effective portion of the hedge are recognized in earnings at the same time as either the change in fair value of the underlying hedged item or the effect of the hedged item’s exposure to the variability of cash flows. Changes in fair value related to the ineffective portion of the hedge are recognized immediately in earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting, or fail to meet the criteria thereafter, are also recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 22 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional information on the fair value of our derivative assets and liabilities.

Foreign currency derivatives – We are exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which we operate. In most of these countries, the exposure to foreign currency movements is limited because the operating revenues and expenses of our business units are substantially denominated in the local currency. To the extent borrowings, sales, purchases or other transactions are not executed in the local currency of the operating unit, we are exposed to foreign currency risk. To mitigate the exposure, we enter into a variety of foreign currency derivative contracts, such as forward contracts, option collars, and cross-currency hedges. We use foreign currency derivative contracts, with a total notional amount of $117.5 million, to manage the effect of exchange fluctuations on forecasted sales, purchases, acquisitions, inventory and capital expenditures and certain intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. We use foreign currency derivative contracts, with a total notional amount of $52.3 million, to hedge the effects of translation gains and losses on intercompany loans and interest. We also use foreign currency derivative contracts, with a total notional amount of $138.3 million, to mitigate the impact to the consolidated earnings of the Company from the effect of the translation of certain subsidiaries’ local currency results into U.S. dollars. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We have not elected hedge accounting for any foreign currency derivative contracts. We record mark-to-market changes in the values of these derivatives in other (income) expense. We recorded mark-to-market gains of $0.1 million and losses of $2.7 million in the three and nine month periods ended September 28, 2019, respectively, and losses of $3.7 million and gains of $4.0 million in the corresponding periods ended September 29, 2018, respectively.

Interest rate derivatives – We are exposed to interest rate risk in connection with our variable rate long-term debt and partially mitigate this risk through interest rate derivatives such as swaps and caps. In conjunction with the December 2017 refinancing of the Term Loan Facility (see Note 12 - Long-Term Debt), we terminated all of the interest rate swaps which had outstanding notional amounts aggregating to $914.3 million and recorded a loss on termination of $3.6 million in consolidated other comprehensive income (loss), which is being amortized as interest expense over the pre-termination life of the interest rate swaps. As of September 28, 2019, the loss on termination has been fully amortized. The unamortized, pre-tax balance of this loss recorded in consolidated other comprehensive income (loss) was $1.3 million at December 31, 2018. We recorded interest expense deriving from the amortization of the loss on termination of interest rate swaps of $0.4 million and $1.3 million in the three and nine month periods ended September 28, 2019, respectively, and $0.5 million and $1.5 million in the corresponding periods ended September 29, 2018, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2019, we entered into two interest rate cap contracts against three-month U.S.-dollar LIBOR, each with a cap rate of 3.00%. These caps have a combined notional amount of $150.0 million, were effective as of March 2019, and terminate in December 2021. We have not elected hedge accounting and have recorded insignificant mark-to-market adjustments in the three and nine month periods ended September 28, 2019.

The fair values of derivative instruments held are as follows:



	Derivative assets
(amounts in thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	September 28, 2019		December 31, 2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forward contracts	Other current assets	$	5,733	$	8,234
Interest rate cap contracts	Other assets	12		—



	Derivatives liabilities
(amounts in thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	September 28, 2019		December 31, 2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forward contracts	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,379	$	1,161

Note 22. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We record financial assets and liabilities at fair value based on FASB guidance related to fair value measurements. The guidance requires fair value to be determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Quoted market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The recorded carrying amounts and fair values of these instruments were as follows:



	September 28, 2019
(amounts in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Derivative assets, recorded in other current assets	$	5,733	$	5,733	$	—	$	5,733	$	—
Derivative assets, recorded in other assets	12		12		—		12		—
Liabilities:
Senior notes	$	800,000	$	802,000	$	—	$	802,000	$	—
Term loans	592,794		593,492		—		593,492		—
Derivative liabilities, recorded in accrued expenses and deferred credits	1,379		1,379		—		1,379		—



	December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	30	$	30	$	—	$	30	$	—
Derivative assets, recorded in other current assets	8,234		8,234		—		8,234		—
Derivative assets, recorded in other assets	—		—		—		—		—
Liabilities:
Senior notes, recorded in long-term debt	$	800,000	$	692,000	$	—	$	692,000	$	—
Term loans, recorded in long-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt	474,058		455,545		—		455,545		—
Derivative liabilities, recorded in accrued expenses and deferred credits	1,161		1,161		—		1,161		—

Derivative assets and liabilities reported in level 2 include foreign currency and interest rate cap contracts. See Note 21- Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information about our derivative assets and liabilities.

The non-financial assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are presented below:



	September 28, 2019
(amounts in thousands)	Carrying Value		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Losses
Closed operations	$	988	$	988	$	—	$	—	$	988	$	1,586
Total	$	988	$	988	$	—	$	—	$	988	$	1,586



	December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	Carrying Value		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Losses
Continuing operations	$	48	$	48	$	—	$	—	$	48	$	175
Total	$	48	$	48	$	—	$	—	$	48	$	175

Note 23. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation – We are involved in various legal proceedings, claims, and government audits arising in the ordinary course of business. We record our best estimate of a loss when the loss is considered probable and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal judgments and estimated settlements have been included in accrued expenses in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets. When a loss is probable and there is a range of estimated loss with no best estimate within the range, we record the minimum estimated liability related to the lawsuit or claim. As additional information becomes available, we assess the potential liability related to pending litigation and claims and revise our accruals if necessary. Because of uncertainties related to the resolution of lawsuits and claims, the ultimate outcome may differ materially from our estimates.

In the opinion of management and based on the liability accruals provided, other than as described below, as of September 28, 2019, there are no current proceedings or litigation matters involving the Company or its property that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or cash flows, although they could have a material adverse effect on our operating results for a particular reporting period.

Steves & Sons, Inc. vs JELD-WEN – We sell molded door skins to certain customers pursuant to long-term contracts, and these customers in turn use the molded door skins to manufacture interior doors and compete directly against us in the marketplace. We have given notice of termination of one of these contracts and, on June 29, 2016, the counterparty to the agreement, Steves and Sons, Inc. (“Steves”) filed a claim against JWI in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division (“Eastern District of Virginia”), alleging that our acquisition of CMI, a competitor in the molded door skins market, together with subsequent price increases and other alleged acts and omissions, violated antitrust laws and constituted a breach of contract and breach of warranty. Specifically, the complaint alleged that our acquisition of CMI substantially lessened competition in the molded door skins market. The complaint seeks declaratory relief, ordinary and treble damages, and injunctive relief, including divestiture of certain assets acquired in the CMI acquisition.

In February 2018, a jury in the Eastern District of Virginia returned a verdict that was unfavorable to JWI with respect to Steves’ claims that our acquisition of CMI violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act and found that JWI breached the supply agreement between the parties. The verdict awarded Steves $12.2 million for past damages under both the Clayton Act and breach of contract claims and $46.5 million in future lost profits under the Clayton Act claim.

On March 13, 2019, the presiding judge entered an Amended Final Judgment Order awarding $36.5 million in past damages under the Clayton Act (representing a trebling of the jury’s verdict) and granting divestiture of CMI, subject to appeal. The judgment also conditionally awarded damages in the event the judgment is overturned on appeal. Specifically, the court awarded $139.4 million as future antitrust damages in the event the divestiture order is overturned on appeal and $9.9 million as past contract damages in the event both the divestiture and antitrust claims are overturned on appeal. On April 12, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a petition requesting an award of their fees and a bill of costs seeking $28.4 million in attorneys’ fees and $1.7 million in costs. That petition remains pending and subject to further appeal.

On April 12, 2019, JELD-WEN filed a supersedeas bond and notice of appeal of the judgment to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. We continue to believe that Steves’ claims lack merit, Steves’ damages calculations are speculative and excessive, and Steves is not entitled in any event to the extraordinary remedy of divestiture. We believe that multiple pretrial and trial rulings were erroneous and improperly limited the Company’s defenses, and that the judgment in accordance with the verdict was improper for several reasons under applicable law. However, based upon the recent rulings described above, the Company has recorded a charge of $76.5 million associated with this loss contingency. The judgment, if ultimately upheld after exhaustion of our appellate remedies, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results, or cash flows, particularly for the reporting period in which a loss is recorded. Because the operations acquired from CMI have been fully integrated into the Company’s other operations, divestiture of those operations would be difficult if not impossible and, therefore, it is not possible to estimate the cost of any final divestiture order or the extent to which such an order would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows.

During the course of the proceedings in the Eastern District of Virginia, we discovered certain facts that led us to conclude that Steves, its principals and certain former employees of the Company had misappropriated Company trade secrets, violated the terms of various agreements between the Company and those parties and violated other laws. On May 11, 2018, a jury in the Eastern District of Virginia returned a verdict on our trade secrets claims against Steves and awarded damages in the amount of $1.2 million. The presiding judge entered a judgment in our favor for those damages and the entire amount has been paid by Steves. On August 16, 2019, the presiding judge granted Steves’ request for an injunction, prohibiting us from pursuing certain claims against individual defendants pending in Bexar County, Texas. These claims have been stayed pending appeal.

In Re: Interior Molded Doors Antitrust Litigation – On October 19, 2018, Grubb Lumber Company, on behalf of itself and others similarly situated, filed a putative class action lawsuit against us and one of our competitors in the doors market, Masonite Corporation (“Masonite”), in the Eastern District of Virginia. We subsequently received additional complaints from and on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of interior molded doors. The suits have been consolidated into two separate actions, a Direct Purchaser Action and an Indirect Purchaser Action. The suits allege that Masonite and we violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act, and in the Indirect Purchaser Action, related state law antitrust and consumer protection laws, by engaging in a scheme to artificially raise, fix, maintain or stabilize the prices of interior molded doors in the United States. The complaints seek unquantified ordinary and treble damages, declaratory relief, interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. The Company believes the claims lack merit and intends to vigorously defend against the actions. On September 18, 2019, the court denied the defendants’ motions to dismiss the lawsuits in their entirety and granted the defendants’ motions to dismiss various state law claims and to limit all claims to a four-year statute of limitations. As a result, the plaintiffs’ damages period is limited to the four-year period between 2014 and 2018. At this early stage of the proceedings, we are unable to conclude that a loss is probable or to estimate the potential magnitude of any loss in the matters, although a loss could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, consolidated financial position or cash flows.

Self-Insured Risk – We self-insure substantially all of our domestic business liability risks including general liability, product liability, warranty, personal injury, auto liability, workers’ compensation and employee medical benefits. Excess insurance policies from independent insurance companies generally cover exposures between $3.0 million and $250.0 million for domestic product liability risk and exposures between $0.5 million and $250.0 million for auto, general liability, personal injury and workers’ compensation. We have no stop-gap coverage on claims covered by our self-insured domestic employee medical plan and are responsible for all claims thereunder. We estimate our provision for self-insured losses based upon an evaluation of current claim exposure and historical loss experience. Actual self-insurance losses may vary significantly from these estimates. At September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our accrued liability for self-insured risks was $73.5 million and $73.8 million, respectively.

Indemnifications – At September 28, 2019, we had commitments related to certain representations made in contracts for the purchase or sale of businesses or property. These representations primarily relate to past actions such as responsibility for transfer taxes if they should be claimed, and the adequacy of recorded liabilities, warranty matters, employment benefit plans, income tax matters or environmental exposures. These guarantees or indemnification responsibilities typically expire within one to three years. We are not aware of any material amounts claimed or expected to be claimed under these indemnities. From time to time and in limited geographic areas, we have entered into agreements for the sale of our products to certain customers that provide additional indemnifications for liabilities arising from construction or product defects. We cannot estimate the potential magnitude of such exposures, but to the extent specific liabilities have been identified related to product sales, liabilities have been provided in the warranty accrual in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Performance Bonds and Letters of Credit – At times, we are required to provide letters of credit, surety bonds or guarantees to customers, vendors and others. Stand-by letters of credit are provided to certain customers and counterparties in the ordinary course of business as credit support for contractual performance guarantees, advanced payments received from customers and future funding commitments. In the second quarter of 2019 we filed a $40.0 million bond related to the Steve’s and Sons legal issue. The outstanding performance bonds and stand-by letters of credit were as follows:



(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019		December 31, 2018
Self-insurance workers’ compensation	$	24,108	$	22,312
Legal	40,861		861
Liability and other insurance	16,678		18,988
Environmental	8,682		14,552
Other	5,298		10,009
Total outstanding performance bonds and stand-by letters of credit	$	95,627	$	66,722

Prior period balances in the table above have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Environmental Contingencies – We periodically incur environmental liabilities associated with remediating our current and former manufacturing sites as well as penalties for not complying with environmental rules and regulations. We record a liability for remediation costs when it is probable that we will be responsible for such costs and the costs can be reasonably estimated. These environmental liabilities are estimated based on current available facts and current laws and regulations. Accordingly, it is likely that adjustments to the estimated liabilities will be necessary as additional information becomes available. Short-term environmental liabilities and settlements are recorded in accrued expenses in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets and totaled $0.8 million and $0.5 million as of September 28, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Long-term environmental liabilities are recorded in deferred credits and other liabilities in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets. No long-term environmental liabilities were recorded at either September 28, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

Everett, Washington WADOE Action – In 2008, we entered into an Agreed Order with the WADOE to assess historic environmental contamination and remediation feasibility at our former manufacturing site in Everett, Washington. As part of this agreement, we also agreed to develop a CAP, arising from the feasibility assessment. We are currently working with WADOE to finalize our RI/FS (Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study), and, once final, we will develop the CAP. We estimate the remaining cost to complete our RI/FS and develop the CAP at $0.5 million, which we have fully accrued. However, because we cannot at this time reasonably estimate the cost associated with any remedial actions we would be required to undertake, we have not provided accruals for any remedial action in our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Towanda, Pennsylvania Consent Order – In 2015, we entered into a COA with the PaDEP to remove a pile of wood fiber waste from our site in Towanda, Pennsylvania, which we acquired in connection with our acquisition of CMI in 2013, by using it as fuel for a boiler at that site. The COA replaced a 1995 Consent Decree between CMI’s predecessor Masonite, Inc. and PaDEP. Under the COA, we are required to achieve certain periodic removal objectives and ultimately remove the entire pile by August 31, 2022. There are currently $2.3 million in bonds posted in connection with these obligations. If we are unable to remove this pile by August 31, 2022, then the bonds will be forfeited and we may be subject to penalties by PaDEP. We currently anticipate meeting all applicable removal deadlines; however, if our operations at this site decrease and we burn less fuel than currently anticipated, we may not be able to meet such deadlines.

Note 24. Employee Retirement and Pension Benefits

U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plan – Certain U.S. hourly employees participate in our defined benefit pension plan. The plan is not open to new employees. Pension expense, as recorded in the accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations, is determined by using spot rate assumptions made on January 1 of each year as summarized below:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Components of pension benefit expense - U.S. benefit plan:
Administrative cost	$	1,250		$	1,223		$	3,750		$	2,873
Interest cost	3,725			3,300			11,175			10,000
Expected return on plan assets	(4,650		)	(5,200		)	(13,950		)	(14,250		)
Amortization of net actuarial pension loss	2,225			2,325			6,675			8,325
Pension benefit expense	$	2,550		$	1,648		$	7,650		$	6,948

During the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, we made required contributions to our U.S. defined benefit pension plan or (“the Plan”) of $3.1 million and $6.1 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, we made required contributions to the Plan of $1.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, we made voluntary contributions of $0.1 million. We did not make any voluntary contributions during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018. During fiscal year 2019, we expect to make additional cash contributions to the Plan of approximately $1.6 million.

Note 25. Supplemental Cash Flow Information



	Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Cash Operating Activities:
Operating leases	$	41,812		$	—
Finance leases	86			—
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	41,898		$	—

Non-cash Investing Activities:
Property, equipment and intangibles purchased in accounts payable	$	7,657		$	8,331
Property, equipment and intangibles purchased for debt	29,813			13,617
Customer accounts receivable converted to notes receivable	538			110

Cash Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of new debt, net of discount	$	124,375		$	38,823
Borrowings on long-term debt	6,282			142,999
Payments of long-term debt	(104,954		)	(30,648		)
Payments of debt issuance and extinguishment costs, including underwriting fees	(635		)	(72		)
Change in long-term debt	$	25,068		$	151,102

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of finance lease liabilities	$	597		$	—

Non-cash Financing Activities:
Prepaid insurance funded through short-term debt borrowings	$	4,948		$	2,757
Prepaid ERP costs funded through short-term debt borrowings	1,430			—
Shares surrendered for tax obligations for employee share-based transactions in accrued liabilities	79			379
Shares repurchased and cash not yet distributed to shareholders	—			749
Accounts payable converted to installment notes	757			10,134

Other Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash taxes paid, net of refunds	$	21,026		$	37,489
Cash interest paid	38,832			40,833

Note 26. Related Party Transactions

Sale of subsidiary – In May 2019, we sold Creative Media Development, Inc., a subsidiary which was part of our North America segment, for $6.5 million. A minority shareholder of the buying group also serves on our Board of Directors. The impact of this sale was a gain of $2.8 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 included within other expense (income) in the unaudited consolidated statement of operations. At September 28, 2019, there is no amount due from the related party. This sale did not have a material impact on our results of operations.

Acquired lease – As part our acquisition of VPI, we assumed operating leases on two buildings. The leases are with a former shareholder of VPI, are at market rates and resulted in an operating lease asset of $3.6 million as of the opening balance sheet. One of the leases was modified in August 2019, which increased the value to $4.0 million at September 28, 2019.

Note 27. Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements

During the quarter ended June 29, 2019, we identified errors relating to accounting for fulfillment costs associated with our installation contracts at one of our European business units. This resulted in errors in accounts receivable, net, other current assets, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The effect of these errors was to overstate accounts receivable, net, other current assets and understate accrued expenses and other current liabilities, cost of sales and SG&A expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, including the related quarterly periods contained therein, and the three-months ended March 30, 2019.

Using the guidance in ASC Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, ASC Topic 270 Interim Financial Reporting, ASC Topic 250-S99-1, Assessing Materiality, and ASC Topic 250-S99-2, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements, we evaluated whether our previously issued consolidated financial statements were materially misstated due to these errors and other accumulated misstatements. Based upon our evaluation of both quantitative and qualitative factors, we believe that the effects of these errors and other accumulated misstatements were not material individually or in the aggregate to any previously reported quarterly or annual period. In addition, we evaluated the relevant internal control deficiencies that led to this error and determined they are a result of our existing material weaknesses.

We have revised the prior period financial statements included in this filing to reflect the correction of these errors and other accumulated misstatements.



	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	As Reported			Correction			As Revised
Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Accounts receivable, net	$	598,398		$	(1,265	)	$	597,133
Inventories	$	519,582		$	(3,941	)	$	515,641
Other current assets	$	51,371		$	1,631		$	53,002
Total current assets	$	1,321,227		$	(3,575	)	$	1,317,652
Deferred tax assets	$	219,669		$	1,160		$	220,829
Other assets	$	33,653		$	(702	)	$	32,951
Total assets	$	3,202,736		$	(3,117	)	$	3,199,619
Accounts payable	$	277,756		$	121		$	277,877
Accrued payroll and benefits	$	137,402		$	614		$	138,016
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	276,278		$	372		$	276,650
Total current liabilities	$	755,961		$	1,107		$	757,068
Deferred credits and other liabilities ⁽¹⁾	$	74,032		$	630		$	74,662
Deferred tax liabilities	$	13,969		$	(216	)	$	13,753
Total liabilities	$	2,424,993		$	1,521		$	2,426,514
Retained earnings	$	254,752		$	(4,593	)	$	250,159
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(134,777	)	$	(45	)	$	(134,822	)
Total shareholders' equity attributable to common shareholders	$	777,960		$	(4,638	)	$	773,322
Total shareholders' equity ⁽¹⁾	$	777,743		$	(4,638	)	$	773,105
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,202,736		$	(3,117	)	$	3,199,619

⁽¹⁾Non-controlling interest of $217 at September 29, 2018 has been reclassified to Deferred credits and other liabilities to conform to the current year’s presentation.



	Nine months ended
	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)	As Reported			Correction			As Revised
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Net revenues	$	3,255,625		$	(517	)	$	3,255,108
Cost of sales	$	2,559,176		$	1,769		$	2,560,945
Gross margin	$	696,449		$	(2,286	)	$	694,163
Selling, general and administrative	$	570,195		$	303		$	570,498
Operating income (loss)	$	116,876		$	(2,589	)	$	114,287
Other (income) expense⁽¹⁾	$	(5,617	)	$	(1,052	)	$	(6,669	)
Income before taxes and equity earnings	$	91,428		$	(1,537	)	$	89,891
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	(12,442	)	$	(699	)	$	(13,141	)
Income from continuing operations, net of tax	$	103,870		$	(838	)	$	103,032
Net income	$	104,608		$	(838	)	$	103,770
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders⁽¹⁾	$	104,655		$	(838	)	$	103,817



	Three months ended
	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)	As Reported			Correction			As Revised
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
Net revenues	$	1,136,949		$	(471	)	$	1,136,478
Cost of sales	$	895,160		$	(157	)	$	895,003
Gross margin	$	241,789		$	(314	)	$	241,475
Selling, general and administrative	$	230,285		$	6		$	230,291
Operating income (loss)	$	7,613		$	(320	)	$	7,293
Other (income) expense⁽¹⁾	$	(8,007	)	$	2		$	(8,005	)
Income before taxes and equity earnings	$	(2,721	)	$	(322	)	$	(3,043	)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	(31,606	)	$	(80	)	$	(31,686	)
Income from continuing operations, net of tax	$	28,885		$	(242	)	$	28,643
Net income	$	28,885		$	(242	)	$	28,643
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders⁽¹⁾	$	28,879		$	(242	)	$	28,637

Weighted Average Common Shares:
Basic	104,169,833			—			104,169,833
Diluted	105,937,429			—			105,937,429
Income (loss) per share from continuing operations:
Basic	$	0.28		$	(0.01	)	$	0.27
Diluted	$	0.27		$	—		$	0.27
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.28		$	(0.01	)	$	0.27
Diluted	$	0.27		$	—		$	0.27

⁽¹⁾Non-controlling interest of $(6) and $47 for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2018, respectively, has been reclassified to Other (income) expense to conform to the current year’s presentation.



	December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	As Reported			Correction			As Revised
Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Accounts receivable, net	$	471,655		$	188		$	471,843
Inventories	$	513,238		$	(4,739	)	$	508,499
Other current assets	$	48,961		$	(287	)	$	48,674
Total current assets	$	1,151,477		$	(4,838	)	$	1,146,639
Deferred tax assets	$	207,065		$	1,997		$	209,062
Other assets	$	37,615		$	(689	)	$	36,926
Total assets	$	3,051,055		$	(3,530	)	$	3,047,525
Accounts payable	$	250,281		$	(303	)	$	249,978
Accrued payroll and benefits	$	114,784		$	234		$	115,018
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	250,274		$	2,036		$	252,310
Total current liabilities	$	670,269		$	1,967		$	672,236
Deferred credits and other liabilities⁽¹⁾	$	72,038		$	672		$	72,710
Deferred tax liabilities	$	10,457		$	21		$	10,478
Total liabilities	$	2,283,248		$	2,660		$	2,285,908
Retained earnings	$	253,041		$	(6,208	)	$	246,833
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(144,823	)	$	18		$	(144,805	)
Total shareholders' equity attributable to common shareholders	$	767,824		$	(6,190	)	$	761,634
Total shareholders' equity⁽¹⁾	$	767,807		$	(6,190	)	$	761,617
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,051,055		$	(3,530	)	$	3,047,525

⁽¹⁾Non-controlling interest of $17 at September 29, 2018 has been reclassified to Deferred credits and other liabilities to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

The errors did not impact the subtotals for cash flows from operating activities, investing activities or financing activities for any of the periods affected.

Reconciliation of pre-tax net income (loss) to Note 14 - Segment Information, Adjusted EBITDA



	Nine months ended
	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	As Reported			Correction			As Revised
Net income	$	104,608		$	(838	)	$	103,770
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(12,442	)	$	(699	)	$	(13,141	)
Non-cash foreign exchange transaction/translation (income) loss	$	905		$	(1,264	)	$	(359	)
Other items	$	107,924		$	212		$	108,136
Adjusted EBITDA	$	355,742		$	(2,589	)	$	353,153



	Three months ended
	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	As Reported			Correction			As Revised
Net income	$	28,885		$	(242	)	$	28,643
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(31,606	)	$	(80	)	$	(31,686	)
Non-cash foreign exchange transaction/translation (income) loss	$	2,838		$	2		$	2,840
Adjusted EBITDA	$	132,949		$	(320	)	$	132,629

Segment Information: Adjusted EBITDA



	Nine months ended
	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	North America		Europe			Australasia			Total Operating Segments			Corporate and Unallocated Costs			Total Consolidated
As Reported	$	210,794	$	99,873		$	67,198		$	377,865		$	(22,123	)	$	355,742
Correction	164		(2,533		)	(220		)	(2,589		)	—			(2,589		)
As Revised	$	210,958	$	97,340		$	66,978		$	375,276		$	(22,123	)	$	353,153



	Three months ended
	September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)	North America		Europe			Australasia			Total Operating Segments			Corporate and Unallocated Costs			Total Consolidated
As Reported	$	84,117	$	28,133		$	26,261		$	138,511		$	(5,562	)	$	132,949
Correction	169		(420		)	(69		)	(320		)	—			(320		)
As Revised	$	84,286	$	27,713		$	26,192		$	138,191		$	(5,562	)	$	132,629

Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this 10-Q are forward-looking statements. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” or “should,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. In particular, statements about the markets in which we operate, including growth of our various markets, and our expectations, beliefs, plans, strategies, objectives, prospects, assumptions, or future events or performance contained under the heading Item 2- Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are forward-looking statements. In addition, statements regarding the potential outcome of appeals on pending litigation are forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates, and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors, including those discussed under the headings Item 1A- Risk Factors in our annual report on Form 10-K and Item 2- Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this 10-Q may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include:


•	negative trends in overall business, financial market and economic conditions, and/or activity levels in our end markets;

•our highly competitive business environment;

•failure to timely identify or effectively respond to consumer needs, expectations or trends;

•failure to maintain the performance, reliability, quality, and service standards required by our customers;

•failure to implement our strategic initiatives, including JEM;

•acquisitions or investments in other businesses that may not be successful;

•declines in our relationships with and/or consolidation of our key customers;


•	increases in interest rates and reduced availability of financing for the purchase of new homes and home construction and improvements;

•fluctuations in the prices of raw materials used to manufacture our products;

•delays or interruptions in the delivery of raw materials or finished goods;

•seasonal business and varying revenue and profit;

•changes in weather patterns;

•political, economic, and other risks that arise from operating a multinational business;

•exchange rate fluctuations;

•disruptions in our operations;

•manufacturing realignments and cost savings programs resulting in a decrease in short-term earnings;

•our new ERP system that we are implementing proving ineffective;

•security breaches and other cybersecurity incidents;

•increases in labor costs, potential labor disputes, and work stoppages at our facilities;


•	changes in building codes that could increase the cost of our products or lower the demand for our windows and doors;

•compliance costs and liabilities under environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations;

•compliance costs with respect to legislative and regulatory proposals to restrict emission of greenhouse gases;


•	lack of transparency, threat of fraud, public sector corruption, and other forms of criminal activity involving government officials;

•product liability claims, product recalls, or warranty claims;

•inability to protect our intellectual property;

•loss of key officers or employees;

•pension plan obligations;

•our current level of indebtedness;

•risks associated with the material weaknesses that have been identified;

•the extent of Onex’s control of us; and


•	other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under Item 1A- Risk Factors in our 10-K.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this 10-Q are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, and events in the industry in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this 10-Q, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.

Any forward-looking statement in this 10-Q speaks only as of the date of this 10-Q or as of the date such statement was made. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise, or to publicly announce any update or revision to, any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this 10-Q to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or “JELD-WEN” mean JELD-WEN Holding, Inc., together with our consolidated subsidiaries where the context requires, including our wholly owned subsidiary JWI.

This discussion should be read in conjunction with our historical financial statements and related notes thereto and the other disclosures contained elsewhere in this 10-Q. The results of operations for the periods reflected herein are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for future periods, and our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those listed under Item 1A- Risk Factors and included elsewhere in this 10-Q.

This MD&A is a supplement to our financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this 10-Q and is provided to enhance your understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. Our discussion of results of operations is presented in millions throughout the MD&A and due to rounding may not sum or calculate precisely to the totals and percentages provided in the tables. Our MD&A is organized as follows:


•	Overview and Background. This section provides a general description of our Company and reportable segments, business and industry trends, our key business strategies and background information on other matters discussed in this MD&A.


•	Consolidated Results of Operations and Operating Results by Business Segment. This section provides our analysis and outlook for the significant line items on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations, as well as other information that we deem meaningful to an understanding of our results of operations on both a consolidated basis and a business segment basis.


•	Liquidity and Capital Resources. This section contains an overview of our financing arrangements and provides an analysis of trends and uncertainties affecting liquidity, cash requirements for our business and sources and uses of our cash.


•	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. This section discusses the accounting policies that we consider important to the evaluation and reporting of our financial condition and results of operations, and whose application requires significant judgments or a complex estimation process.

Overview and Background

We are one of the world’s largest door and window manufacturers, and we hold a leading position by net revenues in the majority of the countries and markets we serve. We design, produce and distribute an extensive range of interior and exterior doors, wood, vinyl, and aluminum windows, and related products for use in the new construction, R&R of residential homes and, to a lesser extent, non-residential buildings.

We operate manufacturing facilities in approximately 20 countries, located primarily in North America, Europe and Australia. For many product lines, our manufacturing processes are vertically integrated, enhancing our range of capabilities, our ability to innovate, and our quality control as well as providing supply chain, transportation, and working capital savings.

Business Segments

Our business is organized in geographic regions to ensure integration across operations serving common end markets and customers. We have three reportable segments: North America (which includes limited activity in Chile and Peru), Europe, and Australasia. Financial information related to our business segments can be found in Note 14 - Segment Information of our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this 10-Q.

Acquisitions

In March 2019, we acquired VPI Quality Windows, Inc. a leading manufacturer of vinyl windows, specializing in customized solutions for mid-rise multi-family, industrial, hospitality and commercial projects, primarily in the western U.S. VPI is located in Spokane, Washington. VPI is now part of our North America segment. We paid approximately $57.3 million in cash (net of cash acquired) for the acquisition of VPI.

In April 2018, we acquired the assets of D&K, a long-standing supplier of cavity sliders to our Corinthian Doors business. D&K is part of our Australasia segment.

In March 2018, we acquired the remaining issued and outstanding shares and membership interests of ABS, headquartered in Sacramento, California. ABS is a premier supplier of value-added services for the millwork industry. ABS is part of our North America segment.

In February 2018, we acquired A&L, a leading Australian manufacturer of residential aluminum windows and patio doors. A&L has a network of manufacturing facilities across the eastern seaboard of Australia, which we expect will deliver synergies through operational savings from the implementation of JEM and by leveraging the benefits of our combined supply chain. A&L is part of our Australasia segment.

In February 2018, we acquired Domoferm, headquartered in Gänserndorf, Austria. Domoferm is a leading European provider of steel doors, steel door frames, and fire doors for commercial and residential markets with four manufacturing sites in Austria, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Domoferm is part of our Europe segment.

For additional information on acquisition activity, see Note 2 - Acquisitions.

Results of Operations

The tables in this section summarize key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated, both in U.S. dollars and as a percentage of our net revenues. Certain percentages presented in this section have been rounded to the nearest whole number. Accordingly, totals may not equal the sum of the line items in the tables below. The results have been revised to reflect the correction of certain errors and other accumulated misstatements as described in Note 27 - Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 28, 2019 to the Three Months Ended September 29, 2018



	Three Months Ended
	September 28, 2019						September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)				% of Net Revenues						% of Net Revenues
Net revenues	$	1,091,953			100.0	%	$	1,136,478			100.0	%
Cost of sales	868,168				79.5	%	895,003				78.8	%
Gross margin	223,785				20.5	%	241,475				21.2	%
Selling, general and administrative	161,424				14.8	%	230,291				20.3	%
Impairment and restructuring charges	7,935				0.7	%	3,891				0.3	%
Operating income	54,426				5.0	%	7,293				0.6	%
Interest expense, net	17,571				1.6	%	18,341				1.6	%
Other (income) expense	(2,687		)		(0.2	)%	(7,999		)		(0.7	)%
Income (loss) before taxes, equity earnings and discontinued operations	39,542				3.6	%	(3,049		)		(0.3	)%
Income tax expense (benefit)	22,500				2.1	%	(31,686		)		(2.8	)%
Income from continuing operations, net of tax	17,042				1.6	%	28,637				2.5	%
Equity earnings of non-consolidated entities	—				—	%	—				—	%
Net income	$	17,042			1.6	%	$	28,637			2.5	%

Consolidated Results

Net Revenues – Net revenues decreased $44.5 million, or 3.9%, to $1,092.0 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $1,136.5 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease in net revenues was driven by a 3% decline in core revenues and a 2% adverse impact from foreign exchange, partially offset by a 1% positive impact from acquisitions. Core revenues, which exclude the impact of foreign exchange and acquisitions completed in the last twelve months, declined by 3% during the quarter, driven by a 5% impact from unfavorable volume/mix, partially offset by a 2% net pricing benefit.

Gross Margin – Gross margin decreased $17.7 million, or 7.3%, to $223.8 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $241.5 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues was 20.5% in the three months ended September 28, 2019 and 21.2% in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease in gross margin percentage was due to increased costs related to manufacturing inefficiencies in North America and unfavorable volume/mix within North America and Australasia, partially offset by favorable pricing.

SG&A Expense – SG&A expense decreased $68.9 million, or 29.9%, to $161.4 million for the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $230.3 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. SG&A expense as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 14.8% for the three months ended September 28, 2019 from 20.3% for the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to a litigation contingency accrual recorded in the prior year of $76.5 million, partially offset by increased IT expenses and professional fees as well as the impact of the VPI acquisition in the current period.

Impairment and Restructuring Charges – Impairment and restructuring charges increased $4.0 million, or 103.9%, to $7.9 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $3.9 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The increase in impairment and restructuring charges was primarily due to ROU assets and property, plant, and equipment impairments for assets held by operations impacted by restructuring.

Interest Expense, Net – Interest expense, net decreased $0.8 million, or 4.2%, to $17.6 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $18.3 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to decreased borrowings during the period.

Other (Income) Expense – Other (income) expense decreased $5.3 million, to income of $2.7 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from income of $8.0 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. Other income in the three months ended September 28, 2019 consisted primarily of foreign currency gains of $5.4 million, offset by pension expense of $2.7 million. Other income in the three months ended September 29, 2018 primarily consisted of legal settlement income of $7.3 million and foreign currency gains of $2.8 million, partially offset by pension expense of $2.1 million.

Income Taxes – Income tax expense in the three months ended September 28, 2019 was $22.5 million, compared to tax benefit of $31.7 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The effective tax rate in the three months ended September 28, 2019 was an expense of 56.9% compared to a benefit of 1,039.2% in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 28, 2019 was heavily impacted by the GILTI provisions of the Tax Act, the reclassification of an other comprehensive income balance as income tax expense, as well as the mix of income/loss between jurisdictions in which the Company does business. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 29, 2018 includes the impact of $40.2 million for adjustments to our SAB 118 provisional estimates related to tax reform and $19.6 million for the accrual recorded in connection with the Steves litigation.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 28, 2019 to the Nine Months Ended September 29, 2018



	Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2019					September 29, 2018
(amounts in thousands)				% of Net Revenues					% of Net Revenues
Net revenues	$	3,221,200		100.0	%	$	3,255,108			100.0	%
Cost of sales	2,549,067			79.1	%	2,560,945				78.7	%
Gross margin	672,133			20.9	%	694,163				21.3	%
Selling, general and administrative	502,109			15.6	%	570,498				17.5	%
Impairment and restructuring charges	17,388			0.5	%	9,378				0.3	%
Operating income	152,636			4.7	%	114,287				3.5	%
Interest expense, net	53,719			1.7	%	51,832				1.6	%
Other (income) expense	(1,288		)	—	%	(27,483		)		(0.8	)%
Income before taxes, equity earnings and discontinued operations	100,205			3.1	%	89,938				2.8	%
Income tax expense (benefit)	45,030			1.4	%	(13,141		)		(0.4	)%
Income from continuing operations, net of tax	55,175			1.7	%	103,079				3.2	%
Equity earnings of non-consolidated entities	—			—	%	738				—	%
Net income	$	55,175		1.7	%	$	103,817			3.2	%

Consolidated Results

Net Revenues – Net revenues decreased $33.9 million, or 1.0%, to $3,221.2 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $3,255.1 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was due to unfavorable foreign exchange impact of 3% and a decline in core revenue of 2%, partially offset by a 4% contribution from acquisitions. Core revenue decline included a 4% decrease in volume/mix, offset by a 2% increase in price.

Gross Margin – Gross margin decreased $22.0 million, or 3.2%, to $672.1 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $694.2 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues was 20.9% in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 and 21.3% in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease in gross margin percentage was due to increased costs related to manufacturing inefficiencies in North America and unfavorable volume/mix within North America and Australasia, partially offset by favorable pricing.

SG&A Expense – SG&A expense decreased $68.4 million, or 12.0%, to $502.1 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $570.5 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. SG&A expense as a percentage of net revenues was 15.6% for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 and 17.5% for the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to a litigation contingency accrual recorded in the prior year of $76.5 million, partially offset by increased IT expenses and professional fees as well as the impact of the VPI acquisition in the current period.

Impairment and Restructuring Charges – Impairment and restructuring charges increased $8.0 million, or 85.4%, to $17.4 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $9.4 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The 2019 charges consisted primarily of plant consolidations in our North America and Australasia segments as well as severance costs across all segments and corporate. The 2018 charges consisted primarily of plant consolidations in our North America and Australasia segments. For more information, refer to Note 19 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this 10-Q.

Interest Expense, Net – Interest expense, net, increased $1.9 million, or 3.6%, to $53.7 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $51.8 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher variable interest rates incurred in the current year and increased borrowings.

Other (Income) Expense – Other (income) expense decreased $26.2 million, to $1.3 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from income of $27.5 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The other income in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 was primarily due to foreign currency gains of $5.2 million, a gain on sale of business of $2.8 million and legal settlement income of $1.2 million, partially offset by pension expense of $8.1 million. Other income in the nine months ended September 29, 2018 was primarily due to a fair value adjustment of $20.8 million associated with our acquisition of the remaining shares outstanding of an equity investment, legal settlement income of $7.3 million and foreign currency gains of $6.4 million, partially offset by pension expense of $8.3 million.

Income Taxes – Income tax expense in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 was $45.0 million, compared to tax benefit of $13.1 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The effective tax rate in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 was an expense of 44.9% compared to a benefit of 14.6% in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The 2019 tax expense of $45.0 million was primarily due to mix of income/loss between taxing jurisdictions and the impact of the GILTI provisions of the Tax Act as well as the reclassification of an other comprehensive income balance as income tax expense. The 2018 tax benefit of $13.1 million was primarily due to the $40.2 million of adjustments to our SAB 118 provisional estimates related to tax reform, $19.6 million for the accrual recorded in connection with the Steves litigation, $7.1 million attributable to the write-off of the outside basis difference of an investment formerly held as an equity method investment, and $1.8 million attributable to stock compensation exercises and expirations, offset by tax expense of $2.7 million for a net increase to uncertain tax positions arising from certain tax examinations, including interest, and $0.9 million attributable to interest expense on uncertain tax positions. The effective tax rate for both periods includes the impact of the GILTI tax.

Segment Results

We report our segment information in the same way management internally organizes the business in assessing performance and making decisions regarding allocation of resources in accordance with ASC 280-10- Segment Reporting. We have determined that we have three reportable segments, organized and managed principally by geographic region. Our reportable segments are North America, Europe and Australasia. We report all other business activities in Corporate and unallocated costs. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), adjusted for the following items: loss from discontinued operations, net of tax; equity earnings of non-consolidated entities; income tax (benefit) expense; depreciation and amortization; interest expense, net; impairment and restructuring charges; gain on previously held shares of equity investment; (gain) loss on sale of property and equipment; share-based compensation expense; non-cash foreign exchange transaction/translation (income) loss; other non-cash items; other items; and costs related to debt restructuring and debt refinancing. For additional information on segment Adjusted EBITDA, see Note 14 - Segment Information to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this 10-Q.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 28, 2019 to the Three Months Ended September 29, 2018



	Three Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net revenues from external customers							% Variance
North America	$	658,437		$	667,709		(1.4	)%
Europe	287,690			292,909			(1.8	)%
Australasia	145,826			175,860			(17.1	)%
Total Consolidated	$	1,091,953		$	1,136,478		(3.9	)%
Percentage of total consolidated net revenues
North America	60.3		%	58.7		%
Europe	26.3		%	25.8		%
Australasia	13.4		%	15.5		%
Total Consolidated	100.0		%	100.0		%
Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾
North America	$	66,671		$	84,286		(20.9	)%
Europe	30,184			27,713			8.9	%
Australasia	20,343			26,192			(22.3	)%
Corporate and unallocated costs	(8,250		)	(5,562		)	48.3	%
Total Consolidated	$	108,948		$	132,629		(17.9	)%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment net revenues
North America	10.1		%	12.6		%
Europe	10.5		%	9.5		%
Australasia	14.0		%	14.9		%
Total Consolidated	10.0		%	11.7		%


(1)	Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. For a discussion of our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, see Note 14 - Segment Information.

North America

Net revenues in North America decreased $9.3 million, or 1.4%, to $658.4 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $667.7 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a 3% decline in core revenues, partially offset by a 2% contribution from acquisitions. Core revenues declined due to a volume/mix headwind of 5%, partially offset by a 2% benefit from pricing.

Adjusted EBITDA in North America decreased $17.6 million, or 20.9%, to $66.7 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $84.3 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes, the non-recurrence of a 2018 legal settlement of $7.3 million, and higher costs related operational inefficiencies.

Europe

Net revenues in Europe decreased $5.2 million, or 1.8%, to $287.7 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $292.9 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a 5% adverse impact from foreign exchange, partially offset by a 3% improvement in core revenues due to improved pricing of 2% and increased volume of 1%.

Adjusted EBITDA in Europe increased $2.5 million, or 8.9%, to $30.2 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $27.7 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The increase was primarily due to improved pricing and favorable productivity.

Australasia

Net revenues in Australasia decreased $30.0 million, or 17.1%, to $145.8 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $175.9 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was due to a 12.0% decrease in core revenue due to lower volumes from market headwinds and a 5% unfavorable impact from foreign exchange.

Adjusted EBITDA in Australasia decreased $5.8 million, or 22.3%, to $20.3 million in the three months ended September 28, 2019 from $26.2 million in the three months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes and inflation.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 28, 2019 to the Nine Months Ended September 29, 2018



	Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net revenues from external customers							% Variance
North America	$	1,891,915		$	1,838,825		2.9	%
Europe	888,041			913,292			(2.8)	%
Australasia	441,244			502,991			(12.3)	%
Total Consolidated	$	3,221,200		$	3,255,108		(1.0)	%
Percentage of total consolidated net revenues
North America	58.7		%	56.5		%
Europe	27.6		%	28.1		%
Australasia	13.7		%	15.4		%
Total Consolidated	100.0		%	100.0		%
Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾
North America	$	206,985		$	210,958		(1.9)	%
Europe	86,810			97,340			(10.8)	%
Australasia	57,981			66,978			(13.4)	%
Corporate and unallocated costs	(25,968		)	(22,123		)	17.4	%
Total Consolidated	$	325,808		$	353,153		(7.7)	%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment net revenues
North America	10.9		%	11.5		%
Europe	9.8		%	10.7		%
Australasia	13.1		%	13.3		%
Total Consolidated	10.1		%	10.8		%


(1)	Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. For a discussion of our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, see Note 14 - Segment Information in our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

North America

Net revenues in North America increased $53.1 million, or 2.9%, to $1,891.9 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $1,838.8 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The increase was primarily due to a 6% increase attributable to the acquisition of ABS and VPI, partially offset by a 3% decrease in core revenues. Core revenue decline included a 6% decrease in volume/mix, offset by a 3% increase in price.

Adjusted EBITDA in North America decreased $4.0 million, or 1.9%, to $207.0 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $211.0 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower core volumes, the non-recurrence of a 2018 legal settlement of $7.3 million, and increased costs related to operating inefficiencies, partially offset by our ABS and VPI acquisitions.

Europe

Net revenues in Europe decreased $25.3 million, or 2.8%, to $888.0 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $913.3 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of 6%, partially offset by a 2% increase attributable to the acquisition of Domoferm and core revenue growth of 1% from price increases.

Adjusted EBITDA in Europe decreased $10.5 million, or 10.8%, to $86.8 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $97.3 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of unfavorable foreign exchange, inflation and operational inefficiencies.

Australasia

Net revenues in Australasia decreased $61.7 million, or 12.3%, to $441.2 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $503.0 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was due primarily to a decrease in core revenues of 8% and unfavorable foreign exchange rates of 7%, partially offset by a 3% increase attributable to the acquisition A&L.

Adjusted EBITDA in Australasia decreased $9.0 million, or 13.4%, to $58.0 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $67.0 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes from market headwinds and inflation, partially offset by the acquisition of A&L.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We have historically funded our operations through a combination of cash from operations, draws on our revolving credit facilities, factoring agreements, and the issuance of non-revolving debt such as our Term Loan Facility and Senior Notes. Working capital, which we define as accounts receivable plus inventory less accounts payable, fluctuates throughout the year and is affected by the seasonality of sales of our products, customer payment patterns, and the translation of the balance sheets of our foreign operations into the U.S. dollar. Typically, working capital increases at the end of the first quarter and beginning of the second quarter in conjunction with, and in preparation for, the peak season for home construction and remodeling in our North America and Europe segments, which represent the substantial majority of our revenues, and decreases starting in the fourth quarter as inventory levels and accounts receivable decline. Inventories fluctuate for raw materials with long delivery lead times, such as steel, as we work through prior shipments and take delivery of new orders.

As of September 28, 2019, we had total liquidity (a non-GAAP measure) of $449.9 million, which included $127.9 million in unrestricted cash, $307.1 million available for borrowing under the ABL Facility, and AUD 22.0 million ($14.9 million) available for borrowing under the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility. This compares to total liquidity of $380.2 million as of December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily due to a repayment of $115.0 million under the ABL Facility in September 2019, partially offset by the expiration of the Euro Revolving Credit Facility.

As of September 28, 2019, our cash balances, including $3.8 million of restricted cash, consisted of $21.9 million in the U.S. and $109.7 million in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Based on our current level of operations, the seasonality of our business and anticipated growth, we believe that cash provided by operations and other sources of liquidity, including cash, cash equivalents and borrowings under our revolving credit facilities, will provide adequate liquidity for ongoing operations, planned capital expenditures and other investments, and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months.

We may, from time to time, refinance, reprice, extend, retire or otherwise modify our outstanding debt to lower our interest payments, reduce our debt or otherwise improve our financial position. These actions may include repricing amendments, extensions, and/or opportunistic refinancing of debt. The amount of debt that may be refinanced, repriced, extended, retired or otherwise modified, if any, will depend on market conditions, trading levels of our debt, our cash position, compliance with debt covenants and other considerations. Our affiliates may also purchase our debt from time to time, through open market purchases or other transactions. In such cases, our debt may not be retired, in which case we would continue to pay interest in accordance with the terms of the debt, and we would continue to reflect the debt as outstanding in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Based on hypothetical variable rate debt that would have resulted from drawing each revolving credit facility up to the full commitment amount, a 1.0% decrease in interest rates would have reduced our interest expense by $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 28, 2019. Due to the mitigating effect of the interest rate caps, a 1.0% rise in interest rates would have increased our interest expense by $7.8 million for the same period.

Borrowings and Refinancings

In December 2017, we issued $800.0 million of unsecured Senior Notes, repriced and amended the Term Loan Facility, and repaid $787.4 million of outstanding term loan borrowings with the net proceeds from the Senior Notes. The December 2017 refinancing transactions reduced our overall interest rates and modified other terms and provisions, including providing for additional covenant flexibility and additional capacity under the Term Loan Facility. In December 2018, we amended the ABL Facility, providing for a $100.0 million increase in the U.S. revolving credit commitments. In September 2019, we amended the Term Loan Facility to provide for an incremental aggregate principal amount of $125.0 million and used the proceeds to repay $115.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility.

In February 2018, we amended the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility to include an additional AUD 55.0 million floating rate term loan facility. In June 2019, we reallocated AUD 5.0 million from the term loan commitment to the interchangeable commitment of the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility.

Our results have been and will continue to be impacted by substantial changes in our net interest expense throughout the periods presented and in the future. See Note 12 - Long-Term Debt in our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Factoring arrangements

Our ABS subsidiary, acquired in March 2018, has entered into factoring agreements with a U.S.-based financial institution under which it can elect to sell certain of its accounts receivable under non-recourse agreements. These transactions are treated as a sale and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreements transfer effective control over and risk of non-collection to the factor. Thus, cash proceeds from these arrangements are reflected as operating activities, including the change of accounts receivable on our statement of cash flows each period. We do not service any factored accounts after the factoring has occurred and do not have any servicing assets or liabilities. We utilize factoring arrangements as part of our financing to manage working capital. The aggregate gross amount factored under these arrangements was $57.4 million and $36.6 million for the nine months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, respectively. The cost of factoring is reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as interest expense with other financing costs and was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million in each of the corresponding periods ended September 29, 2018.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the changes to our cash flows for the periods presented:



	Nine Months Ended
(amounts in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	164,892		$	87,969
Investing activities	(153,940		)	(245,351		)
Financing activities	6,064			56,661
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(2,981		)	(3,637		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	14,035		$	(104,358	)

Cash Flow from Operations

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $76.9 million to $164.9 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $88.0 million in net cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to the change in deferred income taxes and changes in net working capital.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased $91.4 million to $153.9 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 from $245.4 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the cash used for acquisitions and capital expenditures compared to the same period in the prior year.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $6.1 million in the nine months ended September 28, 2019 and was comprised primarily of increased borrowings of $25.1 million, offset by repurchases of our Common Stock of $20.0 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 29, 2018 was $56.7 million and comprised primarily of increased borrowings of $151.1 million, offset by repurchases of our Common Stock of $82.8 million and payments to tax authorities of $8.1 million.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with those accounting principles requires management to use judgments in making estimates and assumptions based on the relevant information available at the end of each period. These estimates and assumptions have a significant effect on reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities because they result primarily from the need to make estimates and assumptions on matters that are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ from estimates.

Except for certain policy changes due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), management believes that there have been no significant policy changes during the nine months ended September 28, 2019. For information about recently issued accounting standards, see Note 1 - Description of Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. For more information on the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, see Note 8 - Leases in our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Holding Company Status

We are a holding company that conducts all of our operations through subsidiaries. The majority of our operating income is derived from JWI, our main operating subsidiary. Consequently, we rely on dividends or advances from our subsidiaries. The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us is subject to applicable local law and may be limited due to the terms of other contractual arrangements, including our Credit Facilities and the Senior Notes.

The Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility also contain restrictions on dividends that limit the amount of cash that the obligors under these facilities can distribute to JWI. Obligors under the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility may pay dividends only to the extent they do not exceed 80% of after tax net profits (with a one-year carryforward of unused amounts) and only while no default is continuing under such agreement. For further information regarding the Australia Senior Secured Credit Facility, see Note 12 - Long-Term Debt in our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

The amount of our consolidated net assets that were available to be distributed under our credit facilities as of September 28, 2019 was $532.0 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various types of market risks, including the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, adverse changes in interest rates, and adverse movements in commodity prices for products we use in our manufacturing. To reduce our exposure to these risks, we maintain risk management controls and policies to monitor these risks and take appropriate actions to attempt to mitigate such forms of market risk. Our market risks have not changed significantly from those disclosed in the 10-K.

Item 4 - Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, including this Report, are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer (“CEO”) and principal financial officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that, due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as described in Item 9A-Controls and Procedures in our Form 10-K, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 28, 2019.

Remediation Plan for Material Weaknesses

As described in Item 9A-Controls and Procedures of our 10-K, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and have begun implementing our remediation plans to address the control deficiencies that led to the material weaknesses identified therein. The remediation plans include the following:


•	Enhance and supplement the finance team in Europe by increasing the number of roles, reassigning responsibilities, and adding additional resources with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience in internal control over financial reporting commensurate with the financial reporting complexities of the organization;


•	Enhance the tone, communication and overall awareness of the importance of internal control over financial reporting from executive management;


•	Evaluate corporate and segment monitoring controls to ensure they are designed and operating at the appropriate level of precision required to support risk mitigation;


•	Implement enhancements to the design of our customer pricing controls in Europe;


•	Implement enhancements to the design of our journal entry controls in Europe;


•	Implement enhancements to the design of our controls related to the reconciliation of subsidiary ledger financial information used in the consolidated financial statements;


•	Strengthen procedures and set guidelines for documentation of controls throughout our domestic and international locations for consistency of application;


•	Institute additional training programs that will continue on a regular basis related to internal control over financial reporting for our world-wide finance and accounting personnel.

During the period ended September 28, 2019, we hired additional personnel in Europe with knowledge and experience in internal control over financial reporting and continue actively recruiting additional experienced resources to supplement our Europe team. We conducted training on internal controls over financial reporting, monitoring controls, and journal entry controls in Europe and we have continued executing our remediation plans during the period. Except for the enhancements to our customer pricing controls in Europe and global monitoring controls, we believe we will complete the remediation plans above for the other material weaknesses identified in our 10-K by the end of 2019. However, the material weaknesses cannot be considered remediated until the controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and until management has concluded, through testing, that the controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the remediation efforts described above under the caption "Remediation Plan for Material Weaknesses," there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the Company’s most recently completed quarter ended September 28, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 - Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal proceedings, claims, and government audits arising in the ordinary course of business. We record our best estimate of a loss when the loss is considered probable and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal judgments and estimated settlements have been included in accrued expenses in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets included in this report. When a loss is probable and there is a range of estimated loss with no best estimate within the range, we record the minimum estimated liability related to the lawsuit or claim. As additional information becomes available, we assess the potential liability related to pending litigation and claims and revise our accruals if necessary. Because of uncertainties related to the resolution of lawsuits and claims, the ultimate outcome may differ materially from our estimates. In the opinion of management, other than as described below, as of September 28, 2019, there are no current proceedings or litigation matters involving the Company or its property that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or cash flows, although they could have a material adverse effect on our operating results for a particular reporting period.

Steves & Sons Litigation

We sell molded door skins to certain customers pursuant to long-term contracts, and these customers in turn use the molded door skins to manufacture interior doors and compete directly against us in the marketplace. We gave notice of termination of one of these contracts and, on June 29, 2016, the counterparty to the agreement, Steves and Sons, Inc. (“Steves”) filed a claim against JWI in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division (“Eastern District of Virginia”). The complaint alleges that our acquisition of CMI, a competitor in the molded door skins market, together with subsequent price increases and other alleged acts and omissions, violated antitrust laws and constituted a breach of contract, and breach of warranty. Specifically, the complaint alleged that our acquisition of CMI substantially lessened competition in the molded door skins market. The complaint sought declaratory relief, ordinary and treble damages, and injunctive relief, including divestiture of certain assets acquired in the CMI acquisition.

In February 2018, a jury in the Eastern District of Virginia returned a verdict that was unfavorable to JWI with respect to Steves’ claims that our acquisition of CMI violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act and found that JWI had breached the supply agreement between the parties. The verdict awarded Steves $12.2 million for past damages under both the Clayton Act and breach of contract claims and $46.5 million in future lost profits under the Clayton Act claim.

On April 12, 2019, JELD-WEN filed a supersedeas bond and notice of appeal of the judgment to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. We continue to believe that Steves’ claims lack merit, Steves’ damages calculations are speculative and excessive, and Steves is not entitled in any event to the extraordinary remedy of divestiture. We believe that multiple pretrial and trial rulings were erroneous and improperly limited the Company’s defenses, and that the judgment in accordance with the verdict was improper for several reasons under applicable law. However, based upon the rulings described above, the Company has recorded a charge of $76.5 million associated with this loss contingency. The judgment, if ultimately upheld after exhaustion of our appellate remedies, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results, or cash flows, particularly for the reporting period in which a loss is recorded. Because the operations acquired from CMI have been fully integrated into the Company’s other operations, divestiture of those operations would be difficult if not impossible and, therefore, it is not possible to estimate the cost of any final divestiture order or the extent to which such an order would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows.

In Re: Interior Molded Doors Antitrust Litigation

On October 19, 2018, Grubb Lumber Company, on behalf of itself and others similarly situated, filed a putative class action lawsuit against us and one of our competitors in the doors market, Masonite Corporation (“Masonite”), in the Eastern District of Virginia. We subsequently received additional complaints from and on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of interior molded doors. The suits have been consolidated into two separate actions, a Direct Purchaser Action and an Indirect Purchaser Action. The suits allege that Masonite and we violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act, and, in the Indirect Purchaser Action, related state law antitrust and consumer protection laws, by engaging in a scheme to artificially raise, fix, maintain or stabilize the prices of interior molded doors in the United States. The complaints seek unquantified ordinary and treble damages, declaratory relief, interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. The Company believes the claims lack merit and intends to vigorously defend against the actions. On September 18, 2019, the court denied the defendants’ motions to dismiss the lawsuits in their entirety and granted the defendants’ motions to dismiss various state law claims and to limit all claims to a four-year statute of limitations. As a result, the plaintiffs’ damages period is limited to the four-year period between 2014 and 2018. At this early stage of the proceedings, we are unable to conclude that a loss is probable or to estimate the potential magnitude of any loss in the matters, although a loss could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, consolidated financial position or cash flows.

Item 1A - Risk Factors

There have been no updates to the risk factors previously disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors” in our 10-K.

Item 6 - Exhibits



Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.1		Amendment No. 5 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, among JELD-WEN Holding, Inc., JELD-WEN, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, dated as of September 20, 2019	8-K	001-38000	10.1	September 20, 2019
31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS*		XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in this Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*		Cover page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*	Filed herewith

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



JELD-WEN HOLDING, INC.
(Registrant)

By:	/s/ John Linker
	John Linker
	Chief Financial Officer

Date: November 6, 2019