UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10−Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2019

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 000-55925

AERKOMM INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

923 Incline Way, #39, Incline Village, NV 89451

(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

(877) 742-3094

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

As of May 14, 2019, there were 9,247,272 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding. This number reflects a reverse split in the ratio of 1 for 5 effective January 16, 2019.

AERKOMM INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

Period Ended March 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

AERKOMM INC.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - Organization

Aerkomm Inc. (formerly Maple Tree Kids Inc.) (“Aerkomm”) was incorporated on August 14, 2013 in the State of Nevada. Aerkomm was a retail distribution company selling all of its products over the internet in the United States, operating in the infant and toddler products business market.

On December 28, 2016, Aircom Pacific Inc. (“Aircom”) purchased 140,000 shares of Aerkomm’s common stock, representing approximately 86.3% of Aerkomm’s issued and outstanding common stock as of the closing date of purchase. As a result of the transaction, Aircom became the controlling shareholder of Aerkomm.

On February 13, 2017, Aerkomm entered into a share exchange agreement (“Exchange Agreement”) with Aircom and its shareholders, pursuant to which Aerkomm acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Aircom in exchange for approximately 99.7% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Aerkomm (or 87.81% on a fully-diluted basis). As a result of the share exchange, Aircom became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Aerkomm, and the former shareholders of Aircom became the holders of approximately 99.7% of Aerkomm’s issued and outstanding capital stock.

Aircom was incorporated on September 29, 2014 under the laws of the State of California.

On December 31, 2014, Aircom acquired a newly incorporated subsidiary, Aircom Pacific Ltd. (“Aircom Seychelles”), a corporation formed under the laws of the Republic of Seychelles. Aircom Seychelles was formed to facilitate Aircom’s global corporate structure for both business operations and tax planning. Presently, Aircom Seychelles has no operations. Aircom is working with corporate and tax advisers in finalizing its global corporate structure and has not yet concluded its final plan.

On October 17, 2016, Aircom acquired a wholly owned subsidiary, Aircom Pacific Inc. Limited (“Aircom HK”), a corporation formed under the laws of Hong Kong. The purpose of Aircom HK is to conduct Aircom’s business and operations in Hong Kong. Presently, its primary function is business development, both with respect to airlines as well as content providers and advertisement partners based in Hong Kong. Aircom HK is also actively seeking strategic partnerships whom Aircom may leverage in order to provide more and better services to its customers. Aircom also plans to provide local supports to Hong Kong-based airlines via Aircom HK and teleports located in Hong Kong.

On December 15, 2016, Aircom acquired a wholly owned subsidiary, Aircom Japan, Inc. (“Aircom Japan”), a corporation formed under the laws of Japan. The purpose of Aircom Japan is to conduct business development and operations located within Japan. Aircom Japan is in the process of applying for, and will be the holder of, Satellite Communication Blanket License in Japan, which is necessary for Aircom to provide services within Japan. Aircom Japan will also provide local supports to airlines operating within the territory of Japan.

Aircom Telecom LLC (“Aircom Taiwan”), which became a wholly owned subsidiary of Aircom in December 2017, was organized under the laws of Taiwan on June 29, 2016. Aircom Taiwan is responsible for Aircom’s business development efforts and general operations within Taiwan.  The Company is currently planning to locate the site of its first ground station in Taiwan and expects to raise sufficient funds to move forward with this project (although that cannot be guaranteed). Aircom Taiwan will play a significant role in building and operating that ground station.

On June 13, 2018, Aerkomm established a new wholly owned subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan Inc. (“Aerkomm Taiwan”), a corporation formed under the laws of Taiwan. The purpose of Aerkomm Taiwan is to purchase a parcel of land for ground station building and operate the ground station for data processing.

On November 15, 2018, Aircom Taiwan acquired a wholly owned subsidiary, Beijing Yatai Communication Co., Ltd. (“Aircom Beijing”), a corporation formed under the laws of China. The purpose of Aircom Beijing is to conduct Aircom’s business and operations in China. Presently, its primary function is business development, both with respect to airlines as well as content providers and advertisement partners based in China as most business conducted in China requires a local registered company. Aircom Beijing is also actively seeking strategic partnerships whom Aircom may leverage in order to provide more and better services to its customers. Aircom also plans to provide local supports to China-based airlines via Aircom Beijing and teleports located in China.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - Organization - Continued

Aircom and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) are full-service, development stage providers of in-flight entertainment and connectivity solutions with their initial market in the Asian Pacific region.

The Company has not generated significant revenues, excluding non-recurring revenues from affiliates in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, and will incur additional expenses as a result of being a public reporting company. Currently, the Company has taken measures that management believes will improve its financial position by financing activities, including through its ongoing public offering, short-term borrowings and equity contributions. On April 23, 2019, the Company filed a post-effective amendment No. 2 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as described in Note 10, paragraph 2), to extend the public offering to attempt to raise the remaining $16.44 million of the originally registered public offering amount, as well as the $9 million over-subscription option amount (see Note 10). Furthermore, two of the Company’s current shareholders (the “Lenders”) each committed to provide to the Company a $10 million bridge loan (together, the “Loans”) for an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, to bridge the Company’s cash flow needs prior to its obtaining a mortgage loan to be secured by a parcel of land (the “Land”) the Company intends to purchase in Taiwan. The Lenders also agreed to an earlier closing of up to 25% of the principal amounts of the Loans upon the Company’s request prior to the time that title to the Land is vested in the Company’s subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan, to pay the outstanding payable to the Company’s vendors (see Note 14). With the $16.44 million to be raised in the remainder of the Company’s ongoing public offering and the $20 million in Loans committed by the Lenders, the Company believes its working capital will be adequate to sustain its operations for the next twelve months.

On January 16, 2019, the Company completed a 1-for-5 reverse split of the Company’s authorized, issued and outstanding shares of common stock, which was completed by the filing of a Certificate of Change Pursuant to NRS 78.209 with the Nevada Secretary of State on December 26, 2018. All of the references in these financial statements to authorized common stock and issued and outstanding common stock have been adjusted to reflect this reverse split.

NOTE 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Changes in Fiscal Year

On March 18, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from December 31 to March 31. Year-over-year quarterly financial data continue to be comparative to prior periods as the three months that comprise each fiscal quarter in the new fiscal year are the same as those in the Company’s historical financial statements.

On February 12, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from March 31 to December 31. Year-over-year quarterly financial data continue to be comparative to prior periods as the three months that comprise each fiscal quarter in the new fiscal year are the same as those in the Company’s historical financial statements.

Principle of Consolidation

Aerkomm consolidates the accounts of its subsidiaries, Aircom, Aircom Seychelles, Aircom HK, Aircom Japan, Aircom Taiwan, Aerkomm Taiwan and Aircom Beijing. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications of Prior Period Presentation

Certain prior period balance sheet and income statement amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash in banks. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all cash in bank was fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for the Company and no balance of cash in foreign bank exceeded the amount insured by local deposit insurance.

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation of its customers and requires no collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on a review of the collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit losses may differ from management’s estimates.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

Inventories

Inventories are recorded at the lower of weighted-average cost or net realizable value. The Company assesses the impact of changing technology on its inventory on hand and writes off inventories that are considered obsolete. Estimated losses on scrap and slow-moving items are recognized in the allowance for losses. 

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. When value impairment is determined, the related assets are stated at the lower of fair value or book value. Significant additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation is computed by using the straight-line and double declining methods over the following estimated service lives: ground station equipment – 5 years, computer equipment - 3 to 5 years, furniture and fixtures - 5 years, satellite equipment – 5 years, vehicles – 5 years and lease improvement – 5 years.

Construction costs for on-flight entertainment equipment not yet in service are recorded under construction in progress.

Upon sale or disposal of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the corresponding accounts, with any gain or loss credited or charged to income in the period of sale or disposal.

The Company reviews the carrying amount of property and equipment for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. It determined that there was no impairment loss for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019.

Right-of-Use Asset and Lease Liability

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which modifies lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements.

A lessee should recognize the lease liability to make lease payments and the right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For operating leases, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. The amortization of the right-of-use asset is allocated over the lease term generally on a straight-line basis.

For the lease within a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill represents the amount by which the total purchase price paid exceeded the estimated fair value of net assets acquired from acquisition of subsidiaries. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment.

Purchased intangible assets with finite life are amortized on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of respective assets. Purchased intangible assets with indefinite life are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Purchased intangible asset consists of satellite system software and is amortized over 10 years.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company utilizes the three-level valuation hierarchy for the recognition and disclosure of fair value measurements. The categorization of assets and liabilities within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement of fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy consist of the following:

Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs based upon management’s best estimate of inputs market participants could use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date, including assumptions.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, other receivable, short-term loan and other payable approximated their fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. 

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred $416,231 (unaudited) and $90,750 of research and development costs, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Adjustments to prior period’s income tax liabilities are added to or deducted from the current period’s tax provision.

The Company follows FASB guidance on uncertain tax positions and has analyzed its filing positions in all the federal, state and foreign jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as all open tax years in those jurisdictions. The Company files income tax returns in the US federal, state and foreign jurisdictions where it conducts business. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain tax positions have been recorded. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next twelve months.

The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions is to record such items as a component of income before taxes. Penalties and interest paid or received, if any, are recorded as part of other operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

Translation Adjustments

If a foreign subsidiary’s functional currency is the local currency, translation adjustments will result from the process of translating the subsidiary’s financial statements into the reporting currency of the Company. Such adjustments are accumulated and reported under other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include stock warrants and outstanding stock options, shares to be purchased by employees under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events and transactions after the reported period up to May 10, 2019, the date on which these consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. All subsequent events requiring recognition as of March 31, 2019 have been included in these consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements. 

Intangibles

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which goodwill shall be tested at least annually for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2017-04 on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 4 - Inventories

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, inventories consisted of the following:

As of March 31, 2019, the Company transferred construction in progress and Prepayment - Equipment in the amount of $895,014 and $54,625, respectively, to inventories.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 5 - Property and Equipment

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the balances of property and equipment were as follows:

As of December 31, 2018, the balance of construction in progress was $1,311,245 after the Company transferred construction in progress in the amount of $721,799 to R&D expenses and $1,854,027 to ground station equipment. As of March 31, 2019, the balance of construction in progress was $0 after the Company transferred $416,231 to R&D expenses and $895,014 to inventories. The Company also transferred $54,625 of prepayment for equipment to inventory.

On May 1, 2018, the Company and Aerkomm Taiwan entered into a binding memorandum of understanding with Tsai Ming-Yin (the “Seller”) with respect to the acquisition by Aerkomm Taiwan of a parcel of land located in Taiwan. The land is expected to be used to build a satellite ground station and data center. On July 10, 2018, the Company, Aerkomm Taiwan and the Seller entered into a certain real estate sales contract regarding this acquisition. Pursuant to the terms of the contract, and subsequent amendments on July 30, 2018, September 4, 2018, November 2, 2018 and January 3, 2019, the Company paid to the seller in installments refundable prepayment of $33.85 million as of December 31, 2018. The remaining amount of the purchase price, $624,462, which may also be paid in installments, must be paid in full by the Company and Aerkomm Taiwan in cash before January 4, 2019, which was subsequently extended to July 4, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the estimated commission payable for the land purchase in the amount of $1,369,148 was recorded to the cost of land.

NOTE 6 - Intangible Asset, Net

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the cost and accumulated amortization for intangible asset were as follows:

NOTE 7 - Operating Lease Right-of-Use Asset

As of March 31, 2019, the cost and accumulated amortization for operating lease right-of-use asset were as follows:

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 8 – Lease Liability

The weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) and discount rate related to the operating leases were as follows:

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use the prime rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments.

NOTE 9 - Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s income tax at statutory tax rate and income tax at effective tax rate for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 9 - Income Taxes - Continued

Deferred tax assets (liability) as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist approximately of:

Management does not believe the deferred tax assets will be utilized in the near future; therefore, a full valuation allowance is provided. The net change in deferred tax assets valuation allowance was an increase of approximately $851,000 the three months ended March 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had federal NOLs of approximately $6,686,000 available to reduce future federal taxable income, expiring in 2037. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, additional federal NOLs of approximately $13,313,000 and $12,515,000, respectively, were generated and will be carried forward indefinitely to reduce future federal taxable income. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had State NOLs of approximately $21,995,000 and $21,049,000 respectively, available to reduce future state taxable income, expiring in 2039.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has Japan NOLs of approximately $323,000 and $319,000 available to reduce future Japan taxable income, expiring in 2029.

As of March 31,2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has Taiwan NOLs of approximately $433,000 and $253,000 available to reduce future Taiwan taxable income, expiring in 2029.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $37,000 and $37,000 of federal research and development tax credit, available to offset future federal income tax. The credit begins to expire in 2034 if not utilized. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $39,000 and $39,000 of California state research and development tax credit available to offset future California state income tax. The credit can be carried forward indefinitely.

The Company’s ability to utilize its federal and state NOLs to offset future income taxes is subject to restrictions resulting from its prior change in ownership as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The Company does not expect to incur the limitation on NOLs utilization in future annual usage.

NOTE 10 - Capital Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with par value of $0.001. As of March 31, 2019, there were no preferred stock shares outstanding. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue preferred stock in one or more series, and in connection with the creation of any such series, by resolutions providing for the issuance of the shares thereof, to determine dividends, voting rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences.

The Company is authorized to issue 90,000,000 shares of common stock, reflecting a reverse split in the ratio of 1 for 5 effective January 16, 2019, with par value of $0.001.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 10 - Capital Stock - Continued

On February 13, 2017, all of Aircom’s 5,513,334 restricted shares were converted to 2,055,947 shares of Aerkomm’s restricted stock at the ratio of 2.681651 to 1, pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (see Note 1). As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the restricted shares consisted of the following:

The unvested shares of restricted stock were recorded under a deposit liability account awaiting future conversion to common stock when they become vested. On December 21, 2018, the Company repurchased and cancelled an aggregate of 104,413 unvested shares of restricted common stock for a purchase price of $0.0067 per share.

On May 14, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Boustead Securities, LLC (“Boustead”) in connection with the public offering (the “Offering”), issuance and sale of up to 1,411,782 shares of the Company’s common stock on a best efforts basis, with a minimum requirement of 117,647 shares, at the public offering price of $42.50 per share (originally $8.5 per share before the 1-to-5 reverse split), less underwriting discounts, for minimum gross proceeds of $5,000,000 and up to a maximum of $60,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company had issued an aggregate of 1,024,980 shares of common stock (including 19 shares that were added as a result of rounding in connection with the one-for-five reverse split concluded on January 16, 2019) for gross proceeds of $43,560,894, or net proceeds of $39,810,204. On April 23, 2019, the Company filed a post-effective amendment No. 2 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to extend the Offering to attempt to raise the remaining $16.44 million of the amount that was originally registered in the Offering, as well as a $9 million over-subscription option amount. 

The Company has entered into a service agreement which provides for the issuance of warrants to purchase shares of its common stock to a service provider as payment for services. The warrants allow the service provider to purchase a number of shares of Aerkomm common stock equal to the service fee value divided by 85% of the share price paid by investors for Aerkomm’s common stock in the first subsequent qualifying equity financing event, at an exercise price of $0.05 per share. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Aerkomm has issued additional stock warrants exercisable for $0 and $26,667, respectively, in value of Aerkomm common stock to the service provider as payment for additional services. As of March 31, 2018, these warrants are equivalent to 4,891 shares of the Company’s common stock.

In connection with the Underwriting Agreement with Boustead, the Company agreed to issue to Boustead warrants to purchase a number of the Company’s shares equal to 6% of the gross proceeds of the public offering, which shall be exercisable, in whole or in part, commencing on April 13, 2018 and expiring on the five-year anniversary at an initial exercise price of $53.125 per share, which is equal to 125% of the offering price paid by investors. As of March 31, 2019, the Company issued warrants to Boustead to purchase 61,498 shares of the Company’s stock and the total warrant value is $125,500.  For the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded $68,200 (unaudited) to decrease additional paid-in capital as the adjustment for the issuance costs of these stock warrants.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 11 - Related Party Transactions

The Company has extensive transactions with its related parties. It is possible that the terms of these transactions are not the same as those which would result from transactions among wholly unrelated parties.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 11 - Related Party Transactions - Continued

On May 25, 2018, Mr. Louis Giordimaina was converted from a consultant to a full-time employee and was appointed as Chief Operating Officer – Aviation. The consulting expense paid for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 in the amount of $134,971 represents the consulting services provided prior to the conversion.

Aircom Japan entered into a lease agreement with Daniel Shih, between August 1, 2014 and July 31, 2016, which was renewed on July 31, 2018. Pursuant to the terms of this lease agreement, Aircom Japan pays Daniel Shih a rental fee of approximately $1,200 per month. The lease will be expired on June 2020.

The Company has a lease agreement with WWI with monthly rental cost of $450. The lease term was from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 and the lease was not renewed. The Company has another lease agreement with WWI for its office space in Hong Kong with monthly rental cost of HKD 30,000. The lease term is from June 28, 2018 to June 27, 2020.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 - Stock Based Compensation

In March 2014, Aircom’s Board of Directors adopted the 2014 Stock Option Plan (the “Aircom 2014 Plan”). The Aircom 2014 Plan provided for the granting of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options to employees, consultants and outside directors of Aircom. On February 13, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, Aerkomm assumed the options of Aircom 2014 Plan and agreed to issue options for an aggregate of 1,088,882 shares to Aircom’s stock option holders.

One-third of stock option shares will be vested as of the first anniversary of the time the option shares are granted or the employee’s acceptance to serve the Company, and 1/36th of the shares will be vested each month thereafter. Option price is determined by the Board of Directors. The Aircom 2014 Plan became effective upon its adoption by the Board and shall continue in effect for a term of 10 years unless sooner terminated under the terms of Aircom 2014 Plan.

On May 5, 2017, the Board of Directors of Aerkomm adopted the Aerkomm Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Aerkomm 2017 Plan” and together with the Aircom 2015 Plan, the “Plans”)) and the reservation of 1,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan. On June 23, 2017, the Board of Directors voted to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to 2,000,000 shares. The Aerkomm 2017 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options to employees, consultants and outside directors of the Company, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (or, prior to the establishment of the Compensation Committee on January 23, 2018, the Board of Directors).

On June 23, 2017, the Board of Directors agreed to issue options for an aggregate of 291,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to certain officers and directors of the Company. The option agreements are classified into three types of vesting schedule, which includes, 1) 1/6 of the shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 1/60 for the next 60 months on the same day of the month as the vesting start date; 2) 1/4 of the shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 1/36 for the next 36 months on the same day of the month as the vesting start date; 3) 1/3 of the shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the first anniversary of vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 50% each year for the next two years on the same day of the month as the vesting start date.

On July 31, 2017, the Board of Directors approved to issue options for an aggregate of 109,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to 11 of its employees. 1/3 of these shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the first anniversary of vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 50% each year for the next two years on the same day of the month as the vesting start date.

On December 29, 2017, the Board of Directors approved to issue options for an aggregate of 12,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to three of the Company’s independent directors, 4,000 shares each. All of these options were vested immediately upon issuance.

On June 19, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved to issue options for 32,000 and 30,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to two of the Company executives. One-fourth of the 32,000 shares subject to the option shall vest on May 1, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. One-third of the 30,000 shares subject to the option shall vest on May 29, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

On December 29, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved to issue options for an aggregate of 12,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to three of the Company’s independent directors, 4,000 shares each. All of these options were vested immediately upon issuance.

Option price is determined by the Compensation Committee. The Aerkomm 2017 Plan has been adopted by the Board and shall continue in effect for a term of 10 years unless sooner terminated under the terms of Aerkomm 2017 Plan. The Aerkomm 2017 Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders on March 28, 2018. 

Valuation and Expense Information

Measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values is required for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and directors including employee stock options. The Company recognized compensation expense of $313,042 (unaudited) and $275,806 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to such employee stock options.

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 - Stock Based Compensation - Continued

Determining Fair Value

Valuation and amortization method

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing-model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted on the date of grant or modification and amortizes the fair value of stock-based compensation at the date of grant on a straight-line basis for recognizing stock compensation expense over the vesting period of the option.

 Expected term

The expected term is the period of time that granted options are expected to be outstanding. The Company uses the SEC’s simplified method for determining the option expected term based on the Company’s historical data to estimate employee termination and options exercised.

Expected dividends

The Company does not plan to pay cash dividends before the options are expired. Therefore, the expected dividend yield used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is zero.

Expected volatility

Since the Company has no historical volatility, it used the calculated value method which substitutes the historical volatility of a public company in the same industry to estimate the expected volatility of the Company’s share price to measure the fair value of options granted under the Plans.

Risk-free interest rate

The Company based the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model on the market yield in effect at the time of option grant provided in the Federal Reserve Board’s Statistical Releases and historical publications on the Treasury constant maturities rates for the equivalent remaining terms for the Plans.

Forfeitures

The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate option forfeitures and records share-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest.

The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of options granted in 2018 under the Plans as follows:

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 - Stock Based Compensation - Continued

Aircom 2014 Plan

A summary of the number of shares, weighted average exercise price and estimated fair value of options for Aircom 2014 Plan as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 was as follows:

A summary of the status of nonvested shares under Aircom 2014 Plan as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 was as follows:

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 - Stock Based Compensation - Continued

Aerkomm 2017 Plan

A summary of the number of shares, weighted average exercise price and estimated fair value of options under Aerkomm 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 was as follows:

A summary of the status of nonvested shares under Aerkomm 2017 Plan as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were approximately $1,853,000 (unaudited) and $2,174,000, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plans. Total unrecognized compensation cost will be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures. The Company expects to recognize that cost over a weighted average period of 1 - 5 years. 

AERKOMM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 - Commitments

As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s significant contingency is summarized as follow: 

NOTE 14 - Subsequent Events

Public Offering

On April 23, 2019, the Company filed a post-effective amendment No. 2 with SEC to extend the Offering, as described in Note 10, 2), to extend the Offering to attempt to raise the remaining $16.44 million of the originally registered Offering amount, as well as the $9 million over-subscription option amount. 

Bridge Loan

On May 9, 2019, two of the Company’s current shareholders each committed to provide to the Company a $10 million bridge loan for an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, to bridge the Company’s cash flow needs prior to its obtaining a mortgage loan to be secured by certain land (the “Land”) the Company intends to purchase. The Land consists of approximately 6.36 acres of undeveloped land located at the Taishui Grottoes in the Xinyi District of Keelung City, Taiwan. Aerkomm Taiwan has contracted to purchase the Land for NT$1,056,297,507, or US$34,474,462, and the Company has made deposits totaling US$33,850,000 for this acquisition. The Company expects to pay the remaining balance of the purchase price, approximately US$624,462, and to complete the purchase of the Land following its completion of the Offering. The Loans will be secured by the Land with the initial closing date of the Loans to be a date, designated by the Company, within 30 days following the date that the title for the Land is fully transferred to and vested in the Company’s subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan. The Loans shall bear interest, non-compounding, at the Bank of America Prime Rate plus 1%, annually, calculated on the actual number of days the Loans are outstanding and based on a 365-day year and shall be due and payable upon the earlier of (1) the date of the Company’s (or the Company’s subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan) obtaining a mortgage loan secured by the Land with a principal amount of not less than $20 million and (2) one year following the initial closing date of the Loans. The Lenders also agreed to an earlier closing of up to 25% of the principal amounts of the Loans upon the Company’s request prior to the time that title to the Land is vested in the Company’s subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan, provided that the Company provides adequate evidence to the Lenders that the proceeds of such an earlier closing would be applied to pay the Company’s vendors. The Company, of course, cannot provide any assurances that it will be able to raise sufficient additional finds in the Offering to complete its acquisition of the Land or to obtain a mortgage on the Land if and when it is acquired.

Land Commission

On July 10, 2018, in conjunction with the Land acquisition, the Company entered into a binding letter of commitment with Metro Investment Group Limited, or MIGL, pursuant to which we agreed to pay MIGL an agent commission of four percent (4%) of the full purchase price, equivalent to approximately US$1,387,127, for MIGL’s services provided with respect to the acquisition. The commission must be paid to MIGL no later than 90 days following payment in full of the purchase price. If there is a delay in payment, we shall be responsible for punitive liquidated damages at the rate of one tenth of one percent (0.1%) of the commission per day of delay with a maximum cap to these damages of five percent (5%). Under applicable Taiwanese law, the commission is due and payable upon signing of the letter of commitment even if the contract is cancelled for any reason and the acquisition is not completed. We have recorded the estimated commission to the cost of land and will be paying the amount no later than 90 days following full payment of the purchase price. 

On May 9, 2019, the Company amended the binding letter of commitment with MIGL to extend the payment to be paid after the full payment of the Land acquisition price until no later than December 31, 2020.

Use of Terms

Except as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company” are to the combined business of Aerkomm Inc., a Nevada corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Aircom Pacific, Inc., a California corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary, or Aircom; Aircom Pacific Ltd., a Republic of Seychelles company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Aircom; Aircom Pacific Inc. Limited, a Hong Kong company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Aircom; Aircom Japan, Inc., a Japanese company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Aircom; and Aircom Telecom LLC, a Taiwanese company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Aircom, Aircom Taiwan, or Aircom Beijing.

Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements

Certain information contained in this report includes forward-looking statements. The statements herein which are not historical reflect our current expectations and projections about our future results, performance, liquidity, financial condition, prospects and opportunities and are based upon information currently available to us and our interpretation of what is believed to be significant factors affecting the businesses, including many assumptions regarding future events. The following factors, among others, may affect our forward-looking statements:

Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies, and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” or “project” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. Actual results, performance, liquidity, financial condition, prospects and opportunities could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements as a result of various risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the ability to raise sufficient capital to continue our operations. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, without limitation, the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” included in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period from March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, and matters described in this report generally. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this report will in fact occur.

Potential investors should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, there is no undertaking to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason.

The specific discussions herein about our company include financial projections and future estimates and expectations about our business. The projections, estimates and expectations are presented in this report only as a guide about future possibilities and do not represent actual amounts or assured events. All the projections and estimates are based exclusively on our management’s own assessment of our business, the industry in which we work and the economy at large and other operational factors, including capital resources and liquidity, financial condition, fulfillment of contracts and opportunities. The actual results may differ significantly from the projections.

Potential investors should not make an investment decision based solely on our company’s projections, estimates or expectations. 

Overview

We are a full-service development stage provider of IFEC solutions. With advanced technologies and a unique business model, we plan to provide airline passengers with a true broadband in-flight experience that encompasses a wide range of service options. Such options will include Wi-Fi, cellular networks, movies, gaming, live TV, and music. We expect to offer these core services, which we are currently still developing, through both built-in in-flight entertainment systems, such as a seatback display, as well as on passengers’ personal devices. We also expect to provide content management services and e-commerce solutions related to our IFEC offerings.

We plan to partner with airlines and offer airline passengers free IFEC services. We expect to generate revenues through advertising and in-flight passenger transactions.

To complement and facilitate our planned IFEC service offerings, we intend to build satellite ground stations and related data centers within the geographic regions where we expect to be providing IFEC airline services.

Additionally, we have begun to develop and sell internet connectivity systems for hotels primarily located in remote regions. We expect to be providing these systems for maritime use as well.

MJet GMBH General Terms Agreement

On March 6, 2019, we signed a General Terms Agreement (GTA) with MJet GMBH, or MJet, an Airbus Corporate Jets (“ACJ”) customer, with a more definitive agreement to follow. MJet is an ACJ A319 corporate jet owner and operator based in Vienna, Austria. The GTA provides for the provision, installation, testing and certification of our Aerkomm K++ system equipment, including the Airbus Service Bulletin and associated material kit and related connectivity services, on an MJet ACJ A319 aircraft under the supervision of Airbus. Assuming the installation, testing and certification of our AERKOMM®K++ system on the MJet A319 is successful, something we cannot guarantee at this time, MJet will pay us a one-time fee for our equipment and a monthly fee for our connectivity services, and we would also begin charging MJet for the bandwidth required to use the AERKOMM®K++ system services. Assuming the success of this installation, MJet would become the first recurring payment customer of our IFEC AERKOMM®K++ system as well as being the launch customer of our Aerkomm K++ solution.

Business Development

We are actively working with prospective airline customers to provide services to their passengers utilizing the Airbus certified AERKOMM®K++ system. We have entered into non-binding memoranda of understanding with a number of airlines, including Air Malta Airlines of Malta, PanAfriqiyah of Malta, and Onur Air of Turkey. There can be no assurances, however, that these will lead to actual purchase agreements.

In view of the increasing demand by the airlines for a bigger data throughput, during the course of discussions between us and Airbus, we have revised our strategy to focus primarily on Ka-band IFEC solutions for airlines and have suspended work on our dual band satellite inflight connectivity solution. The Ku-band system will, however, still be retained for other product applications such as remote locations and maritime use.

In connection with the Airbus project, we also identified owners of ACJ aircraft, as potential customers of our AERKOMM®K++ system. ACJ customers, however, would not generate enough internet traffic to make our free-service business model viable. To capitalize on this additional market, we plan to sell our AERKOMM®K++ system hardware for installation on ACJ corporate jets and provide connectivity through subscription based plans. This new corporate jet market would generate additional revenue and income for our company. We are currently in advanced discussions with a number of ACJ customers, some of whom have more than one aircraft in their fleets.

Our AERKOMM®K++ System

Following the course of discussions between us and Airbus and in view of the increasing demand by the airlines for a bigger data throughput, we have revised our strategy to focus primarily on Ka-band satellite connectivity solutions for aviation customers and have suspended work on our dual band satellite connectivity solution. Our AERKOMM®K++ system will operate through Ka/Ka High Throughput Satellites. The Ku-band system will, however, still be retained for the other applications such as remote locations and maritime use.

Our AERKOMM®K++ system will contain a low profile radome (that is, a dome or similar structure protecting our radio equipment) containing two Ka-band antennas, one for transmitting and the other for receiving, and will comply with the ARINC 791 standard of Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated. Our AERKOMM®K++ system also meets Airbus Design Organization Approval.

GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbiting) and LEO (Low Earth Orbiting) Ka-band Satellites

Our initial AERKOMM®K++ system will work only with geostationary earth orbiting, or GEO, Ka-band satellites. Performance of GEO satellites diminishes greatly in the areas near the Earth’s poles. Only low earth orbiting, or LEO, satellites can collect high quality data over the North and South poles. We are developing technologies to work with LEO satellites and plans to partner with Airbus to develop aircraft installation solutions. As new GEO and LEO Ka-band satellites are being regularly launched over the next few years, which, we expect, will enable the provision of worldwide aircraft coverage, we plan to have the necessary technology ready to take advantage of this new trend in Ka-band aviation connectivity, although it cannot assure you that it will be successful in this new area of endeavor.

Ground-based Satellite System Sales

Since our acquisition of Aircom Taiwan in December 2017, this wholly owned subsidiary has been developing ground-based satellite connectivity components which have an application in remote regions that lack regular affordable ground-based communications. In September, 2018, Aircom Taiwan consummated its first sale of such a component, a small cell server terminal, in the amount of $1,730,000. This server terminal will be utilized by the purchaser in the construction of a satellite-based ground communication system which will act as a multicast service extension of existing networks. The system is designed to extend local existing networks, such as ISPs and mobile operators, into rural areas and create better coverage and affordable connectivity in these areas. Aircom Taiwan expects to sell additional satellite connectivity components, systems and services to be used in ground mobile units in the future, although there can be no assurances that it will be successful in these endeavors.

In addition, in September 2018, Aircom Taiwan provided installation and testing services of a satellite-based ground connectivity system to a remote island resort and received service income related to this project in the amount of $15,000. Upon the completion of this system’s testing phase, and assuming that the system operates satisfactorily, Aircom Taiwan expects to begin to sell this system to multiple, remotely located resorts. We can make no assurances at this time however, that this system will operate satisfactorily, that we will be successful in introducing this system as a viable product offering or that we will be able to generate any additional revenue from the sale and deployment of this system.

Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance

We believe that our operating and business performance is driven by various factors that affect the commercial airline industry, including trends affecting the travel industry and trends affecting the customer bases that we target, as well as factors that affect wireless Internet service providers and general macroeconomic factors. Key factors that may affect our future performance include:

Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our shares of common stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Revenue. Our total revenue was $0 and $0 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 as we are still developing our core business in in-flight entertainment and connectivity and there was no non-recurring sale of equipment to related parties during the periods

Cost of sales. Our cost of sales was $0 for both the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 as we did not have any sales during the periods.

Operating expenses. Our operating expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits, professional advisor fees, research and development expenses, cost of promotion, business development, business travel, transportation costs, and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations. Our operating expenses increased by $597,390 to $2,048,289 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, from $1,450,899 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Such increase was mainly due to an increase in research and development expense, payroll and related expenses and depreciation expense of $325,480, $143,288 and $118,531, respectively, which was offset by an decrease in consulting expense of $219,610 The decrease in consulting fee was mainly related to the decrease in fair value of warrants issued to our underwriter for the public offering and termination of one consulting agreement.

Net non-operating expense. We had $331,470 in net non-operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, as compared to net non-operating expense of $4,222 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Net non-operating expense in the three-month period ended Mach 31, 2019 represents loss on foreign exchange translation of $331,197, while net non-operating expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 includes a foreign exchange translation loss of $3,022 and interest expense of $1,268.

Loss before income taxes. Our loss before income taxes decreased by $924,638 to $2,379,759 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, from a loss of $1,455,121 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, as a result of the factors described above.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $3,233 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the income tax expense of $4,062 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

Total comprehensive loss. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, our total comprehensive loss increased by $583,147 to $2,039,396 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, from $1,456,249 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

As of March 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $78,248. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through cash proceeds from financing activities, including through our ongoing public offering, short-term borrowings and equity contributions by our stockholders. 

The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow:  

Cash Flow

Operating Activities 

Net cash used for operating activities was $534,882 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $367,556 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. In addition to the net loss of $2,382,992, the increase in net cash used for operating activities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 was mainly due to increase in inventory of $380,000, offset by the decrease in accounts receivable and temporary deposit – related party and decrease in accrued expense and other payable - others of $389,900, $100,067, 457,652 and $239,436, respectively. In addition to the net loss of $1,459,183, the increase in net cash used for operating activities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was mainly due to increase in accrued expenses, other payable – related parties and other payable, and decrease in other payable related parties of $243,539, $217,183, $182,850 and $46,743, respectively, offset by the increase in net operating loss and other receivable of $1,459,183 and $14,901, respectively. 

Investing Activities 

Net cash used for investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1,275 as compared to $6,352 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The net cash used for investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was mainly for the purchase of property and equipment. 

Financing Activities 

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $182,500 and $407,707, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were mainly attributable to net proceeds from the borrowing of short-term loans from affiliates in the amount of $182,500. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were mainly attributable to proceeds from the increase in subscribed capital and short-term loans from affiliates in the amount of $56,000 and $325,040, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

On May 14, 2018, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Boustead Securities, LLC in connection with the public offering, issuance and sale of up to 1,411,765 shares of our common stock on a best efforts basis, with a minimum requirement of 117,647 shares, at the public offering price of $42.50 per share, less underwriting discounts, for minimum gross proceeds $5,000,000 and up to a maximum of $60,000,000. We also granted Boustead Securities, LLC an over-subscription option, exercisable on or prior to the offering termination date to extend the offering for an additional 45 days, pursuant to which we may sell up to 211,764 additional shares of the common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts. The material terms of this offering are described in the prospectus, dated May 14, 2018, filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on May 14, 2018 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act. This offering is registered with the SEC pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended and supplemented to date (File No. 333-222208), initially filed by us on December 20, 2017.

As of March 31, 2019, we held 11 closings of this offering, pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of 1,024,980 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $43.56 million, or net proceeds of approximately $39.81 million after underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses payable by us. The offering period for this public offering expired on January 4, 2019 and we filed a post-effective amendment No. 2 with the SEC on April 23, 2019 to extend the public offering to attempt to raise the remaining $16.44 million that has not yet been sold.  The post-effective amendment has not yet been approved by the SEC and we can make no guarantees that we will be able to sell any additional shares on our common stock in the public offering.

On May 9, 2019, two of our current shareholders (the “Lenders”) each committed to provide us a $10 million bridge loan (the “Loans”) for an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, to bridge our cash flow needs prior to our obtaining a mortgage loan to be secured by a parcel of land (the “Land”) we intend to purchase. The Land consists of approximately 6.36 acres of undeveloped land located at the Taishui Grottoes in the Xinyi District of Keelung City, Taiwan. Aerkomm Taiwan has contracted to purchase the Land for NT$1,056,297,507, or US$34,474,462, and we have made deposits totaling US$33,850,000 for this acquisition. We expect to pay the remaining balance of the purchase price, approximately US$624,462, and to complete the purchase of the Land following our completion of our public offering. The Loans will be secured by the Land with the initial closing date of the Loans to be a date, designated by us, within 30 days following the date that the title for the Land is fully transferred to and vested in our subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan. The Loans shall bear interest, non-compounding, at the Bank of America Prime Rate plus 1%, annually, calculated on the actual number of days the Loans are outstanding and based on a 365-day year and shall be due and payable upon the earlier of (1) the date of our (or our subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan) obtaining a mortgage loan secured by the Land with a principal amount of not less than $20 million and (2) one year following the initial closing date of the Loans. The Lenders also agreed to an earlier closing of up to 25% of the principal amounts of the Loans upon our request prior to the time that title to the Land is vested in our subsidiary, Aerkomm Taiwan, provided that we provide adequate evidence to the Lenders that the proceeds of such an earlier closing would be applied to pay our vendors. We, of course, cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to raise sufficient additional finds in our public offering to complete our acquisition of the Land or to obtain a mortgage on the Land if and when it is acquired.

On July 10, 2018, in conjunction with the Land acquisition, we entered into a binding letter of commitment with Metro Investment Group Limited, or MIGL, pursuant to which we agreed to pay MIGL an agent commission of four percent (4%) of the full purchase price of the Land, equivalent to approximately US$1,387,127, for MIGL’s services provided with respect to the acquisition. The commission must be paid to MIGL no later than 90 days following payment in full of the purchase price. If there is a delay in payment, we shall be responsible for punitive liquidated damages at the rate of one tenth of one percent (0.1%) of the commission per day of delay with a maximum cap to these damages of five percent (5%). Under applicable Taiwanese law, the commission is due and payable upon signing of the letter of commitment even if the contract is cancelled for any reason and the acquisition is not completed. We have recorded the estimated commission to the cost of land and will be paying the amount no later than 90 days following full payment of the purchase price.  On May 9, 2019, we amended the binding letter of commitment with MIGL to extend the payment to be paid after the full payment of the Land acquisition price until no later than December 31, 2020.

With the $16.44 million to be raised in the remainder of our ongoing public offering (assuming we are successfully able to complete the public offering) and the $20 million in Loans committed to us by the Lenders, we believe our available working capital will be adequate to sustain our operations at our current levels for the next twelve months. However, even if we successfully raise sufficient capital to satisfy our needs over the next twelve months, following that period we will require additional cash resources for the implementation of our strategy to expand our business or for other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our internal financial resources are insufficient to satisfy our capital requirements, we will need seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities, although there can be no assurances that we will be successful in these efforts. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overall business prospects. 

The Company has not generated significant revenues, excluding non-recurring revenues from affiliates in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, and will incur additional expenses as a result of being a public reporting company. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, the Company incurred a comprehensive loss of $2,039,396 and had working capital deficiency of $2,892,780 as of March 31, 2019. Currently, the Company has taken measures, as discussed above, that management believes will improve its financial position by financing activities, including through our ongoing public offering, short-term borrowings and equity contributions.

Capital Expenditures

Our operations continue to require significant capital expenditures primarily for technology development, equipment and capacity expansion. Capital expenditures are associated with the supply of airborne equipment to our prospective airline partners, which correlates directly to the roll out and/or upgrade of service to our prospective airline partners’ fleets. Capital spending is also associated with the expansion of our network, ground stations and data centers and includes design, permitting, network equipment and installation costs.

Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were $1,275 and $97,102, respectively.

We anticipate an increase in capital spending in our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and estimate that capital expenditures will range from $6 million to $60 million as we begin airborne equipment installations and continue to execute our expansion strategy.

Inflation

Inflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect our business in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in our industry and continually maintain effective cost control in operations.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to an investor in our securities.

Seasonality

Our operating results and operating cash flows historically have not been subject to significant seasonal variations. This pattern may change, however, as a result of new market opportunities or new product introductions.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements:

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue when performance obligations identified under the terms of contracts with our customers are satisfied, which generally occurs upon the transfer of control in accordance with the contractual terms and conditions of the sale. Our major revenue for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 was the development of a small cell server terminal which will be utilized in the construction of a satellite-based ground communication system networks. We also had minor revenue from providing installation and testing services of a satellite-based ground connectivity system. The majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time when product is shipped or service is provided to the customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods, which includes estimates for variable consideration.

Inventories. Inventories are recorded at the lower of weighted-average cost or net realizable value. We assess the impact of changing technology on our inventory on hand and writes off inventories that are considered obsolete. Estimated losses on scrap and slow-moving items are recognized in the allowance for losses.

Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we incurred approximately $416,231 and $90,750 of research and development costs, respectively.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. When value impairment is determined, the related assets are stated at the lower of fair value or book value. Significant additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed by using the straight-line and double declining method over the following estimated service lives: computer equipment - 3 to 5 years, furniture and fixtures - 5 years, satellite equipment – 5 years, vehicles – 5 years and lease improvement – 5 years. Construction costs for on-flight entertainment equipment not yet in service are recorded under construction in progress. Upon sale or disposal of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the corresponding accounts, with any gain or loss credited or charged to income in the period of sale or disposal. We review the carrying amount of property and equipment for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. We determined that there was no impairment loss for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the amount by which the total purchase price paid exceeded the estimated fair value of net assets acquired from acquisition of subsidiaries. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. Purchased intangible assets with finite life are amortized on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of respective assets. Purchased intangible assets with indefinite life are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Purchased intangible asset consists of satellite system software and is amortized over 10 years.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. We utilize the three-level valuation hierarchy for the recognition and disclosure of fair value measurements. The categorization of assets and liabilities within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement of fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy consist of the following:

Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs based upon management’s best estimate of inputs market participants could use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date, including assumptions.

The carrying amounts of our cash, accounts receivable, other receivable, short-term loans, accounts payable, and other payable approximated their fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

Translation Adjustments.  If a foreign subsidiary’s functional currency is the local currency, translation adjustments will result from the process of translating the subsidiary’s financial statements into the reporting currency of our company. Such adjustments are accumulated and reported under other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholder’s equity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Financial Instruments. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements. 

Intangibles. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which goodwill shall be tested at least annually for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2017-04 on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), which modifies lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing of adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Statement. In February 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income” (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which required deferred tax liabilities and assets to be adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates with effect included in income from continuing operations in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of Tax Cut and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-02 will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the timing of adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2018-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

Stock Compensation. In June 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (Topic 718): Improvement of Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which amends the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 will be effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within the fiscal year. We are currently evaluating the timing of adoption and the impact of adopting ASU 2018-07 on our consolidated financial statements.

Not applicable.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, our management has carried out an evaluation, with the participation and under the supervision of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of March 31, 2019.

Based upon, and as of the date of this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer determined that, because of the material weaknesses described in Item 9A “Controls and Procedures” of our Transition Report on Form 10-KT filed on April 1, 2019 for the transition period from March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 and further referenced below, which we are still in the process of remediating as of March 31, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our processes and systems to improve controls and increase efficiency, while ensuring that we maintain an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, consolidating activities, and migrating processes.

During its evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, our management identified the following material weaknesses:

In order to cure the foregoing material weakness, we have taken or plan to take the following remediation measures:

We intend to complete the remediation of the material weakness discussed above as soon as practicable but we can give no assurance that we will be able to do so. Designing and implementing an effective disclosure controls and procedures is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to devote significant resources to maintain a financial reporting system that adequately satisfies our reporting obligations. The remedial measures that we have taken and intend to take may not fully address the material weakness that we have identified, and material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures may be identified in the future. Should we discover such conditions, we intend to remediate them as soon as practicable. We are committed to taking appropriate steps for remediation, as needed.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Other than in connection with the implementation of the remedial measures described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during quarter ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

There were no material developments during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 to the legal proceedings previously disclosed in Item 3 “Legal Proceedings” of our Transition Report on Form 10-KT filed on April 1, 2019.

For information regarding risk factors, please refer to our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the period from March 31, 2018 through December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019.

We have not sold any equity securities during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 that were not previously disclosed in a current report on Form 8-K that was filed during the quarter.

On December 21, 2018, we repurchased an aggregate of 104,413 unvested shares of our restricted common stock for a purchase price of $0.0067 per share.

None.

Not applicable.

We have no information to disclose that was required to be in a report on Form 8-K during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 but was not reported. There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.