10-Q 1 hmst-20190331x10q.htm FORM 10-Q Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
________________________________ 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2019
Commission file number: 001-35424
________________________________ 
HOMESTREET, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________ 
Washington
 
91-0186600
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
 
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
601 Union Street, Suite 2000
Seattle, Washington 98101
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(206) 623-3050
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock
HMST
Nasdaq Global Select Market


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
 
Large Accelerated Filer
 
o
Accelerated Filer
 
x
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated Filer
 
o
Smaller Reporting Company
 
o
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth Company
 
o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 12(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No  x


The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock as of May 8, 2019 was 27,041,106.6.
 




PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
ITEM 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2
 

2




Unless we state otherwise or the content otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to "HomeStreet," "we," "our," "us" or the "Company" refer collectively to HomeStreet, Inc., a Washington corporation, HomeStreet Bank ("Bank"), HomeStreet Capital Corporation ("HomeStreet Capital") and other direct and indirect subsidiaries of HomeStreet, Inc.


3

PART I
ITEM 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents (includes interest-earning instruments of $44,221 and $28,534)
 
$
67,690

 
$
57,982

Investment securities (includes $812,432 and $851,968 carried at fair value)
 
816,878

 
923,253

Loans held for sale (includes $52,946 and $52,186 carried at fair value)
 
56,928

 
77,324

Loans held for investment (net of allowance for loan losses of $43,176 and $41,470; includes $4,830 and $4,057 carried at fair value)
 
5,345,969

 
5,075,371

Mortgage servicing rights (includes $68,250 and $75,047 carried at fair value)
 
95,942

 
103,374

Other real estate owned
 
838

 
455

Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost
 
32,533

 
45,497

Premises and equipment, net
 
85,635

 
88,112

Lease right-of-use assets
 
104,712

 
—

Goodwill
 
29,857

 
22,564

Other assets
 
171,776

 
173,445

Assets of discontinued operations
 
362,647

 
474,844

Total assets
 
$
7,171,405

 
$
7,042,221

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
$
5,178,334

 
$
4,888,558

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
 
599,590

 
932,590

Accounts payable and other liabilities
 
124,365

 
169,160

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 
27,000

 
19,000

Long-term debt
 
125,509

 
125,462

Lease liabilities
 
120,237

 
—

Liabilities of discontinued operations
 
249,339

 
167,931

Total liabilities
 
6,424,374

 
6,302,701

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
 

 

Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, no par value, authorized 10,000 shares, issued and outstanding, 0 shares and 0 shares
 
—

 
—

Common stock, no par value, authorized 160,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding, 27,038,257 shares and 26,995,348 shares
 
511

 
511

Additional paid-in capital
 
342,049

 
342,439

Retained earnings
 
411,826

 
412,009

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(7,355
)
 
(15,439
)
Total shareholders' equity
 
747,031

 
739,520

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
7,171,405

 
$
7,042,221


See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

4

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands, except share data)
2019
 
2018
 
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
62,931

 
$
51,488

 
Investment securities
5,564

 
5,559

 
Other
188

 
64

 
 
68,683

 
57,111

 
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
Deposits
14,312

 
7,788

 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
4,642

 
2,229

 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
304

 
32

 
Long-term debt
1,744

 
1,584

 
Other
124

 
30

 
 
$
21,126

 
$
11,663

 
Net interest income
47,557

 
45,448

 
Provision for credit losses
1,500

 
750

 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
46,057

 
44,698

 
Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities
2,607

 
1,447

 
Loan servicing income
1,043

 
908

 
Depositor and other retail banking fees
1,745

 
1,937

 
Insurance agency commissions
625

 
543

 
(Loss) gain on sale of investment securities available for sale, net
(247
)
 
222

 
Other
2,319

 
2,039

 
 
8,092

 
7,096

 
Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
 
Salaries and related costs
25,279

 
27,205

 
General and administrative
8,182

 
8,366

 
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
333

 
406

 
Legal
(204
)
 
704

 
Consulting
1,408

 
682

 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments
821

 
861

 
Occupancy
4,968

 
4,530

 
Information services
7,088

 
6,810

 
Net (cost)/ benefit from operation and sale of other real estate owned
(29
)
 
(93
)
 
 
47,846

 
49,471

 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
6,303

 
2,323

 
Income tax expense from continuing operations
1,245

 
569

 
Income from continuing operations
$
5,058

 
$
1,754

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes (includes net loss on disposal of $12,224 for the three months ended March 31, 2019)
(8,440
)
 
5,449

 
Income tax (benefit) expense from discontinued operations
(1,667
)
 
1,337

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(6,773
)
 
4,112

 
NET (LOSS) INCOME
$
(1,715
)
 
$
5,866

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.07

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.15

 
Basic earnings per share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.22

 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share
 
 
 
 
  Income from continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.06

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.15

 
Diluted earnings per share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.22

 
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding
27,021,507

 
26,927,464

 
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding
27,185,175

 
27,159,000

 
See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

5

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
$
(1,715
)
 
$
5,866

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the year, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,502 and $(2,658)
9,969

 
(10,000
)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net income, net of tax (benefit) expense of $(52) and $46
195

 
(176
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
10,164

 
(10,176
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
8,449

 
$
(4,310
)

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

6

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

 
(in thousands, except share data)
Number
of shares
 
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Retained
earnings
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 1, 2018
26,888,288

 
$
511

 
$
339,009

 
$
371,982

 
$
(7,122
)
 
$
704,380

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,866

 
—

 
5,866

Common stock issued
83,786

 
—

 
122

 
—

 
—

 
122

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
771

 
—

 
—

 
771

Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(10,176
)
 
(10,176
)
Balance, March 31, 2018
26,972,074

 
$
511

 
$
339,902

 
$
377,848

 
$
(17,298
)
 
$
700,963

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2019
26,995,348

 
$
511

 
$
342,439

 
$
412,009

 
$
(15,439
)
 
$
739,520

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,715
)
 
—

 
(1,715
)
Common stock issued
42,909

 
—

 
62

 
—

 
—

 
62

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
(452
)
 
—

 
—

 
(452
)
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,532

 
(2,080
)
 
(548
)
Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 


 
—

 
10,164

 
10,164

Balance, March 31, 2019
27,038,257

 
$
511

 
$
342,049

 
$
411,826

 
$
(7,355
)
 
$
747,031


See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

7

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
$
(1,715
)
 
$
5,866

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
9,883

 
6,051

Provision for credit losses
1,500

 
750

Net fair value adjustment and gain on sale of loans held for sale
(25,560
)
 
(14,359
)
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights, gross
(6,206
)
 
—

Fair value adjustment of loans held for investment
(85
)
 
124

Origination of mortgage servicing rights
(7,916
)
 
(15,288
)
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights
14,260

 
(21,148
)
Net loss (gain) on sale of investment securities
247

 
(222
)
Net gain on sale of loans originated as held for investment
(1,613
)
 
—

Net fair value adjustment, gain on sale and provision for losses on other real estate owned
(64
)
 
(92
)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
—

 
64

Loss (recovery) on lease abandonment and exit costs
11,425

 
(266
)
Net deferred income tax (benefit) expense
(40,515
)
 
1,906

Share-based compensation (recovery) expense
(390
)
 
882

Origination of loans held for sale
(1,036,635
)
 
(1,450,347
)
Proceeds from sale of loans originated as held for sale
1,047,718

 
1,606,661

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable and other assets
3,077

 
(6,787
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities
20,372

 
(6,539
)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(12,217
)
 
107,256

 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Purchase of investment securities
(6,683
)
 
(70,007
)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities
94,998

 
16,875

Principal repayments and maturities of investment securities
28,022

 
27,383

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned
518

 
459

Proceeds from sale of loans originated as held for investment
148,585

 
—

Proceeds from prior sale of mortgage servicing rights
1,052

 
—

Net cash provided by disposal of discontinued operations
166,250

 
—

Origination of loans held for investment and principal repayments, net
(337,197
)
 
(275,065
)
Purchase of property and equipment
(638
)
 
(3,579
)
Net cash used for acquisitions
(32,554
)
 
—

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
62,353

 
(303,934
)

8

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Increase in deposits, net
$
271,459

 
$
288,026

Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances
2,224,300

 
2,613,400

Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank advances
(2,557,300
)
 
(2,740,900
)
Proceeds from federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
2,967,000

 
495,000

Repayment of federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(2,959,000
)
 
(470,000
)
Repayment of lease principal
(455
)
 
—

Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank stock repurchase
48,632

 
44,307

Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
(35,668
)
 
(39,591
)
Proceeds from stock issuance, net
—

 
11

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(41,032
)
 
190,253

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
9,104

 
(6,425
)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH:
 
 
 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year
58,586

 
73,909

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
67,690

 
67,484

Less restricted cash included in other assets
—

 
1,195

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD
$
67,690


$
66,289

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
22,563

 
$
12,067

Federal and state income taxes (refunded) paid, net
(7,387
)
 
(4
)
Non-cash activities:
 
 
 
Loans held for investment foreclosed and transferred to other real estate owned
180

 
—

Loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale
153,794

 
36,626

Loans transferred from held for sale to held for investment
3,867

 
5,040

Ginnie Mae loans recognized (derecognized) with the right to repurchase, net
(27,278
)
 
8,598

Receivable from sale of mortgage servicing rights
18,315

 
—

Acquisition:
 
 
 
Assets acquired
115,038

 
—

Liabilities assumed
74,942

 
—

Goodwill
7,293

 
—


See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

9

HomeStreet, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1–SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

HomeStreet, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the "Company") is a diversified financial services company serving customers primarily on the West Coast of the United States, including Hawaii. The Company is principally engaged in commercial banking, mortgage banking, and consumer/retail banking activities. The Company's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HomeStreet, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, HomeStreet Capital Corporation, HomeStreet Statutory Trusts and HomeStreet Bank (the "Bank"), and the Bank's subsidiaries, HomeStreet/WMS, Inc., HomeStreet Reinsurance, Ltd., Continental Escrow Company, HomeStreet Foundation, HS Properties, Inc., HS Evergreen Corporate Center LLC, Union Street Holdings LLC, HS Cascadia Holdings LLC and YNB Real Estate LLC. HomeStreet Bank was formed in 1986 and is a state-chartered commercial bank.

The Company's accounting and financial reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods and related disclosures. Some of these estimates require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and result in amounts that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, allowance for credit losses (Note 4, Loans and Credit Quality), valuation of residential mortgage servicing rights and loans held for sale (Note 7, Mortgage Banking Operations), valuation of investment securities (Note 3, Investment Securities), and valuation of derivatives (Note 6, Derivatives and Hedging Activities).

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") adopted a Resolution of Exit or Disposal of Home Loan Center ("HLC") Based Mortgage Banking Operations to sell or abandon the assets and transfer or terminate the personnel associated with the Company's high-volume home loan center-based mortgage origination business. The Company also successfully closed and settled two separate sales of the rights to service $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for others, representing in the aggregate 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio at December 31, 2018. These two actions largely represent the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, the Company determined that the Board decision to sell or abandon the assets and personnel associated with the Company's HLC-related mortgage business and the mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") sales have met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations and its operating results and financial condition have been presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements for the current and all comparative periods which have been recast to conform to the new presentation (see Note 2 Discontinued Operations for additional information). Unless otherwise indicated, information included in these notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited) are presented on a consolidated operations basis, which includes results from both continuing and discontinued operations, for all periods presented.

In connection with the mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") sales and Board resolution regarding the former Mortgage Banking segment, the Company reassessed its reportable operating segments given these changes and associated changes made to its Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) package as of March 31, 2019. The Company concluded that as of March 31, 2019 the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance on a consolidated, entity-wide basis and accordingly has resulted in the elimination of segment reporting. The Company will no longer disclose operating results below the consolidated entity level which is now the reportable segment.

These unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results of operations in the interim financial statements do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K").

Share Repurchase Program
On March 28, 2019, the Board authorized a share repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to $75 million of its issued and outstanding common stock, no par value, at prevailing market rates at the time of such purchase.

10

There were no repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Developments

In April 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825 – Financial Instruments. The new ASU provides narrow-scope amendments to help apply these recent standards. The transition requirements and effective date of this ASU for HomeStreet is January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for certain amendments. The Company is currently assessing this standard’s impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

In October 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. ASU 2018-16 expands the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting by adding the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate. ASU 2018-16 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-16 on January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No.2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU adds, eliminates, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Among the changes, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. Entities are also allowed to elect early adoption of the eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the added disclosure requirements until their effective date. As ASU No. 2018-13 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements to Provide Entities with Relief from the Costs of Implementing Certain Aspects of the New Leasing Standard, ASU No. 2016-02. Specifically, under the amendments in ASU 2018-11 entities may elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to the new leasing standard. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2016-02 (January 1, 2019 for the Company). The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019 and elected the mentioned transition option.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, or ASU 2018-02. The amendments in this update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act"). The update does not have any impact on the underlying ASC 740 guidance that requires the effect of a change in tax law be included in income from continuing operations. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act is recognized. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2019 and reclassified $1.5 million of stranded tax effects from AOCI to retained earnings at that time.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This standard better aligns an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To meet that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedge instruments and the hedged item in the financial statements. Adoption for this ASU is required for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of this guidance on January 1, 2019 and transferred approximately $66.2 million in held to maturity securities to available for sale and recognized $548 thousand in AOCI.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, or ASU 2017-04, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 also

11

eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 is required for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Current U.S. GAAP requires an "incurred loss" methodology for recognizing credit losses that delay recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The main objective of this ASU is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The amendment affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial asset not excluded from the scope that has the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in this ASU replace the incurred loss impairment model in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The amendments in this ASU require a financial asset (or group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The measurement of expected credit losses will be based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The amendments in this ASU broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The use of forecasted information incorporates more timely information in the estimate of expected credit loss, which will be more decision useful to users of the financial statements. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company plans to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2020 and is still evaluating the effects this ASU will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

The Company has formed a cross-functional project team and engaged third-party consultants who have jointly developed an implementation plan to satisfy the requirements of the ASU. The project team continues to work on developing and implementing the currently expected credit loss ("CECL") model including data and assumption validation, identifying key interpretive issues, documenting process flows and internal controls, and beginning parallel testing with our existing allowance model. We also engaged a third-party firm to evaluate our CECL model. The Company anticipates that an increase to the allowance for credit losses will be recognized upon adoption of the ASU to provide for the expected credit losses over the estimated life of the financial assets (principally loans); however, management is still assessing the magnitude of the increase which will depend on economic conditions and the composition and trends in the Company's loan portfolio at the date of adoption. Upon adoption, the Company expects a change in the processes and procedures to calculate the allowance for loan losses. In addition, the current accounting policy and procedures for other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities classified as available for sale will be replaced with an allowance approach. The Company has begun developing and implementing processes to address the provisions of this ASU.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases: 1) a lease liability, which is the present value of a lessee's obligation to make lease payments, and 2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee's right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. All entities will classify leases to determine how to recognize lease-related revenue and expense. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures will be required by lessees and lessors to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The intention is to require enough information to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity's leasing activities. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2018. All entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the date of initial application. The Company elected the transition option provided in ASU No. 2018-11 (see above), the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2019.

The Company elected certain relief options offered in ASU 2016-02, including the package of practical expedients (no reassessment of whether any expired or existing contracts contain a lease, no reassessment of lease classification for any expired or existing leases and no reassessment of initial direct costs for existing leases), and the option not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases (i.e., leases with original terms of twelve months or less). The Company elected the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to reassess their assumptions used when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets. The Company had facility and equipment lease agreements which were previously being accounted for as operating leases and therefore not being recognized on the Company's consolidated statement

12

of condition. The new guidance required these lease agreements to be recognized on the consolidated statements of condition as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. The provisions of ASU No. 2016-02 impacted the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition, along with the Company's regulatory capital ratios. On January 1, 2019, upon adoption of this standard, the Company recognized $120.8 million and $136.9 million increase in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, respectively, based on the present value of the expected remaining lease payments. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses the FHLB Des Moines rate at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.There was no related adjustment to retained earnings. Please see Note 11 Leases for the impact of the adoption of this guidance.


NOTE 2–DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:

On March 29, 2019, the Company successfully closed and settled two sales of the rights to service $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ('Freddie Mac") and Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"), representing 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio as of December 31, 2018. The sale resulted in a $774 thousand pre-tax increase in income from discontinued operations during the quarter. The Company expects to finalize the servicing transfer for these loans in the second and third quarters of 2019, and is subservicing these loans until the transfer dates. These loans are excluded from the Company's MSR portfolio at March 31, 2019.

On March 31, 2019, based on mortgage market conditions and the operating environment, the Board adopted a Resolution of Exit or Disposal of HLC Based Mortgage Banking Operations to sell or abandon the assets and related personnel associated with those operations. The assets being sold or abandoned largely represent the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment, the activities of which related to originating, servicing, underwriting, funding and selling single family residential mortgage loans.

The Company determined that the above actions constitute commitment to a plan of exit or disposal of certain long-lived assets (through sale or abandonment) and termination of employees. Further, the Company has determined that the shift from a large-scale home-loan center based originator and servicer to a branch-focused product offering represents a strategic shift. As a result, the HLC-related mortgage banking operations are reported separately from the continuing operations as held-for-sale or as discontinued operations. In addition, the former Mortgage Banking operating segment and reporting unit has been eliminated and the remaining personnel, assets and liabilities of the segment are incorporated into the other operations of the Company. This has resulted in a recast of the financial statements in the current and all comparative periods as detailed below.

Subsequently, on April 4, 2019 the Company entered into a plan of sale of the HLC based mortgage origination business assets and transfer of personnel to Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. – ("Homebridge").

Assets being sold to Homebridge include up to 50 stand-alone HLCs and the transfer of certain related mortgage personnel. These HLCs, along with certain other mortgage banking related assets and liabilities that are expected to be sold or abandoned separately within one year, are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain components of the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment, including MSRs on certain mortgage loans that were not part of the sales and have been classified as continuing operations in the financial statements because they remain part of the Company's ongoing operations.



13


The following table summarizes the calculation of the net loss on disposal of discontinued operations.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
Proceeds from asset sales
 
$
183,151

 
Book value of asset sales
 
176,944

 
Gain on assets sold
 
6,207

 
Transaction costs
 
6,418

 
Compensation expense related to the transactions
 
1,117

 
Facility and IT related costs
 
10,896

 
Total costs
 
18,431

 
Net loss on disposal
 
$
(12,224
)
 
 
 
 
 


The carrying amount of major classes of assets and liabilities related to discontinued operations consisted of the following.

(in thousands)
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Loans held-for-sale carried at fair value
 
$
307,550

 
$
269,683

Mortgage serving rights
 
—

 
177,121

Premises and equipment, net
 
5,291

 
6,689

Other assets(1)
 
49,806

 
21,351

Assets of discontinued operations
 
$
362,647

 
$
474,844

LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
219,100

 
162,850

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
30,239

 
5,081

Liabilities of discontinued operations
 
$
249,339

 
$
167,931

    
(1) Includes $15.0 million and $15.5 million in derivatives at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


Statements of Operations of Discontinued Operations
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
2,145

 
$
3,012

Noninterest income
 
39,269

 
53,735

Noninterest expense
 
49,854

 
51,298

(Loss) income before income taxes
 
(8,440
)
 
5,449

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(1,667
)
 
1,337

(Loss) income from discontinued operations
 
$
(6,773
)
 
$
4,112




14

Statements of Cash Flow for Discontinued Operations

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
 
$
(31,117
)
 
$
86,228

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
178,096

 
(1,670
)
Net cash provided by discontinued operations
 
$
146,979

 
$
84,558




NOTE 3–INVESTMENT SECURITIES:

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the amortized cost and fair values of our investment securities available for sale and held to maturity.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
116,017

 
$
41

 
$
(3,912
)
 
$
112,146

Commercial
30,524

 
78

 
(220
)
 
30,382

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
159,131

 
440

 
(3,263
)
 
156,308

Commercial
124,572

 
233

 
(1,836
)
 
122,969

Municipal bonds
351,499

 
3,694

 
(3,833
)
 
351,360

Corporate debt securities
18,904

 
50

 
(490
)
 
18,464

U.S. Treasury securities
11,216

 
8

 
(187
)
 
11,037

Agency debentures
9,880

 
—

 
(114
)
 
9,766

 
$
821,743

 
$
4,544

 
$
(13,855
)
 
$
812,432

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELD TO MATURITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal bonds(1)
$
4,446

 
$
46

 
$
—

 
$
4,492

 
$
4,446

 
$
46

 
$
—

 
$
4,492


(1) In conjunction with adopting ASU 2017-12, in Q1 2019, we transferred $66.2 million in HTM securities to AFS.

15

 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
112,852

 
$
19

 
$
(4,910
)
 
$
107,961

Commercial
34,892

 
109

 
(487
)
 
34,514

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
171,412

 
221

 
(4,889
)
 
166,744

Commercial
118,555

 
140

 
(2,021
)
 
116,674

Municipal bonds
393,463

 
1,526

 
(9,334
)
 
385,655

Corporate debt securities
21,177

 
1

 
(1,183
)
 
19,995

U.S. Treasury securities
11,211

 
6

 
(317
)
 
10,900

Agency debentures
9,876

 
—

 
(351
)
 
9,525

 
$
873,438

 
$
2,022

 
$
(23,492
)
 
$
851,968

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELD TO MATURITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
11,071

 
$
—

 
$
(274
)
 
$
10,797

Commercial
17,307

 
30

 
(311
)
 
17,026

Collateralized mortgage obligations
15,624

 
10

 
(65
)
 
15,569

Municipal bonds
27,191

 
190

 
(319
)
 
27,062

Corporate debt securities
92

 
—

 
—

 
92

 
$
71,285

 
$
230

 
$
(969
)
 
$
70,546


Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO") represent securities issued by government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"). Each of the MBS and CMO securities in our investment portfolio are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae or Freddie Mac. Municipal bonds are comprised of general obligation bonds (i.e., backed by the general credit of the issuer) and revenue bonds (i.e., backed by either collateral or revenues from the specific project being financed) issued by various municipal corporations. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all securities held, including municipal bonds and corporate debt securities, were rated investment grade, based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based upon internal ratings which correspond to ratings as defined by Standard and Poor's Rating Services ("S&P") or Moody's Investors Services ("Moody's"). As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, substantially all securities held had ratings available by external ratings agencies.


16

Investment securities available for sale and held to maturity that were in an unrealized loss position are presented in the following tables based on the length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position.

 
At March 31, 2019
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
(in thousands)
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
(428
)
 
$
1,844

 
$
(3,484
)
 
$
106,250

 
$
(3,912
)
 
$
108,094

Commercial
—

 
—

 
(220
)
 
24,580

 
(220
)
 
24,580

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
—

 
—

 
(3,263
)
 
124,299

 
(3,263
)
 
124,299

Commercial
(305
)
 
17,966

 
(1,531
)
 
79,387

 
(1,836
)
 
97,353

Municipal bonds
(11
)
 
8,405

 
(3,822
)
 
183,339

 
(3,833
)
 
191,744

Corporate debt securities
—

 
—

 
(490
)
 
12,475

 
(490
)
 
12,475

U.S. Treasury securities
—

 
—

 
(187
)
 
9,732

 
(187
)
 
9,732

Agency debentures
—

 
—

 
(114
)
 
9,766

 
(114
)
 
9,766

 
$
(744
)
 
$
28,215

 
$
(13,111
)
 
$
549,828

 
$
(13,855
)
 
$
578,043

* There were no held to maturity securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 

 
At December 31, 2018
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
(in thousands)
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
(34
)
 
$
1,269

 
$
(4,876
)
 
$
104,822

 
$
(4,910
)
 
$
106,091

Commercial
—

 
—

 
(487
)
 
18,938

 
(487
)
 
18,938

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
(131
)
 
24,085

 
(4,758
)
 
128,899

 
(4,889
)
 
152,984

Commercial
(350
)
 
22,051

 
(1,671
)
 
73,429

 
(2,021
)
 
95,480

Municipal bonds
(1,283
)
 
85,057

 
(8,051
)
 
201,189

 
(9,334
)
 
286,246

Corporate debt securities
(104
)
 
5,557

 
(1,079
)
 
14,213

 
(1,183
)
 
19,770

U.S. Treasury securities
—

 
—

 
(317
)
 
9,598

 
(317
)
 
9,598

Agency debentures
—

 
—

 
(351
)
 
9,525

 
(351
)
 
9,525

 
$
(1,902
)
 
$
138,019

 
$
(21,590
)
 
$
560,613

 
$
(23,492
)
 
$
698,632

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELD TO MATURITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
(31
)
 
$
2,314

 
$
(243
)
 
$
6,197

 
$
(274
)
 
$
8,511

Commercial
(24
)
 
2,800

 
(287
)
 
11,256

 
(311
)
 
14,056

Collateralized mortgage obligations
(65
)
 
10,597

 
—

 
—

 
(65
)
 
10,597

Municipal bonds
(102
)
 
7,210

 
(217
)
 
11,273

 
(319
)
 
18,483

 
$
(222
)
 
$
22,921

 
$
(747
)
 
$
28,726

 
$
(969
)
 
$
51,647


The Company has evaluated securities available for sale that are in an unrealized loss position and has determined that the decline in value is temporary and is related to the change in market interest rates since purchase. The decline in value is not related to any issuer- or industry-specific credit event. The Company has not identified any expected credit losses on its debt

17

securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had not made a decision to sell any of its debt securities held, nor did the Company consider it more likely than not that it would be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

The following tables present the fair value of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity by contractual maturity along with the associated contractual yield for the periods indicated below. Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations as presented exclude the effect of expected prepayments. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature. The weighted-average yield is computed using the contractual coupon of each security weighted based on the fair value of each security and does not include adjustments to a tax equivalent basis.

 
At March 31, 2019
 
Within one year
 
After one year
through five years
 
After five years
through ten years
 
After
ten years
 
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
6,326

 
1.64
%
 
$
105,820

 
2.12
%
 
$
112,146

 
2.09
%
Commercial
—

 
—

 
18,784

 
2.42

 
7,887

 
2.44

 
3,711

 
3.00

 
30,382

 
2.50

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
156,308

 
2.43

 
156,308

 
2.43

Commercial
—

 
—

 
15,823

 
2.93

 
29,473

 
2.97

 
77,673

 
2.48

 
122,969

 
2.65

Municipal bonds
5,073

 
2.10

 
—

 
—

 
7,658

 
3.23

 
338,629

 
3.61

 
351,360

 
3.58

Corporate debt securities
1,025

 
3.40

 
7,755

 
3.59

 
9,591

 
3.49

 
93

 
6.15

 
18,464

 
3.54

U.S. Treasury securities
—

 
—

 
11,037

 
1.90

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,037

 
1.90

Agency debentures
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9,766

 
2.28

 
—

 
—

 
9,766

 
2.28

Total available for sale
$
6,098

 
2.32
%
 
$
53,399

 
2.63
%
 
$
70,701

 
2.79
%
 
$
682,234

 
2.97
%
 
$
812,432

 
2.93
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELD TO MATURITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal bonds
—

 
—

 
1,801

 
2.88

 
2,691

 
2.03

 
—

 
—

 
4,492

 
2.37

Total held to maturity
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
1,801

 
2.88
%
 
$
2,691

 
2.03
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
4,492

 
2.37
%
 


18

 
At December 31, 2018
 
Within one year
 
After one year
through five years
 
After five years
through ten years
 
After
ten years
 
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
7,094

 
1.62
%
 
$
100,867

 
2.05
%
 
$
107,961

 
2.03
%
Commercial
—

 
—

 
14,175

 
2.20

 
16,737

 
2.99

 
3,602

 
2.90

 
34,514

 
2.66

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
166,744

 
2.43

 
166,744

 
2.43

Commercial
—

 
—

 
9,008

 
2.42

 
29,292

 
2.88

 
78,374

 
2.42

 
116,674

 
2.53

Municipal bonds
5,670

 
2.12

 
16,276

 
2.24

 
30,659

 
2.89

 
333,050

 
3.51

 
385,655

 
3.39

Corporate debt securities
—

 
—

 
3,949

 
2.96

 
13,608

 
3.31

 
2,438

 
3.65

 
19,995

 
3.29

U.S. Treasury securities
—

 
—

 
10,900

 
1.87

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
10,900

 
1.87

Agency debentures
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9,525

 
2.23

 
—

 
—

 
9,525

 
2.23

Total available for sale
$
5,670

 
2.12
%
 
$
54,308

 
2.24
%
 
$
106,915

 
2.81
%
 
$
685,075

 
2.90
%
 
$
851,968

 
2.84
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELD TO MATURITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
10,797

 
2.82
%
 
$
10,797

 
2.82
%
Commercial
—

 
—

 
12,147

 
2.51

 
4,879

 
2.64

 
—

 
—

 
17,026

 
2.55

Collateralized mortgage obligations
—

 
—

 
7,205

 
3.59

 
—

 
—

 
8,364

 
2.94

 
15,569

 
3.24

Municipal bonds
—

 
—

 
1,790

 
2.85

 
5,651

 
2.29

 
19,621

 
3.24

 
27,062

 
3.01

Corporate debt securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
92

 
6.00

 
92

 
6.00

Total held to maturity
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
21,142

 
2.91
%
 
$
10,530

 
2.45
%
 
$
38,874

 
3.07
%
 
$
70,546

 
2.93
%


Sales of investment securities available for sale were as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Proceeds
$
94,998

 
$
16,875

Gross gains
372

 
223

Gross losses
(619
)
 
(1
)


19

The following table summarizes the carrying value of securities pledged as collateral to secure borrowings, public deposits and other purposes as permitted or required by law:

(in thousands)
At March 31,
2019
 
At December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
Federal Home Loan Bank to secure borrowings
$
46,984

 
$
63,179

Washington and California State to secure public deposits
114,491

 
126,565

Securities pledged to secure derivatives in a liability position
623

 
5,077

Other securities pledged
5,014

 
5,147

Total securities pledged as collateral
$
167,112

 
$
199,968



The Company assesses the creditworthiness of the counterparties that hold the pledged collateral and has determined that these arrangements have little risk. There were no securities pledged under repurchase agreements at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Tax-exempt interest income on securities available for sale totaling $2.8 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, was recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.


NOTE 4–LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY:

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 5, Loans and Credit Quality, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company's portfolio of loans held for investment is divided into two portfolio segments, consumer loans and commercial loans, which are the same segments used to determine the allowance for loan losses. Within each portfolio segment, the Company monitors and assesses credit risk based on the risk characteristics of each of the following loan classes: single family and home equity and other loans within the consumer loan portfolio segment and non-owner occupied commercial real estate, multifamily, construction/land development, owner occupied commercial real estate and commercial business loans within the commercial loan portfolio segment.


20

Loans held for investment consist of the following: 
(in thousands)
At March 31,
2019
 
At December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
1,348,554

 
$
1,358,175

Home equity and other
585,167

 
570,923

Total consumer loans
1,933,721

 
1,929,098

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
780,939

 
701,928

Multifamily
939,656

 
908,015

Construction/land development
837,279

 
794,544

Total commercial real estate loans
2,557,874

 
2,404,487

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
450,450

 
429,158

Commercial business
421,534

 
331,004

             Total commercial and industrial loans
871,984

 
760,162

                  Loans held for investment before deferred fees, costs and allowance
5,363,579

 
5,093,747

Net deferred loan fees and costs
25,566

 
23,094

 
5,389,145

 
5,116,841

Allowance for loan losses
(43,176
)
 
(41,470
)
                      Total loans held for investment
$
5,345,969

 
$
5,075,371

(1)
Includes $4.8 million and $4.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Loans in the amount of $1.93 billion and $2.16 billion at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") as part of our liquidity management strategy. Additionally, loans totaling $449.6 million and $502.7 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank. The FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank do not have the right to sell or re-pledge these loans.

Credit Risk Concentrations

Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities or activities in the same geographic region, or when they have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.

Loans held for investment are primarily secured by real estate located in the Pacific Northwest, California and Hawaii. At March 31, 2019, we had concentrations representing 10% or more of the total portfolio by state and property type for the loan classes of single family and multifamily within the states of Washington and California, which represented 12.5% and 10.2% of the total portfolio, respectively. At December 31, 2018, we had concentrations representing 10% or more of the total portfolio by state and property type for the loan classes of single family and multifamily within the states of Washington and California, which represented 13.1% and 10.2% of the total portfolio, respectively.

Credit Quality

Management considers the level of allowance for loan losses to be appropriate to cover credit losses inherent within the loans held for investment portfolio as of March 31, 2019. In addition to the allowance for loan losses, the Company maintains a separate allowance for losses related to unfunded loan commitments, and this amount is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on our consolidated statements of financial condition. Collectively, these allowances are referred to as the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for unfunded commitments was $1.4 million at both March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018.


21

For further information on the policies that govern the determination of the allowance for loan losses levels, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 5, Loans and Credit Quality, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses was as follows.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses (roll-forward):
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
42,913

 
$
39,116

 
Provision for credit losses
1,500

 
750

 
Recoveries, net of charge-offs
123

 
580

 
Ending balance
$
44,536

 
$
40,446

 


22

Activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan portfolio and loan class was as follows.

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Beginning
balance
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries
 
(Reversal of) Provision
 
Ending
balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
8,217

 
$
—

 
$
85

 
$
(112
)
 
$
8,190

Home equity and other
7,712

 
(46
)
 
73

 
52

 
7,791

            Total consumer loans
15,929

 
(46
)
 
158

 
(60
)
 
15,981

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
5,496

 
—

 
—

 
680

 
6,176

Multifamily
5,754

 
—

 
—

 
606

 
6,360

Construction/land development
9,539

 
—

 
4

 
108

 
9,651

     Total commercial real estate loans
20,789

 
—

 
4

 
1,394

 
22,187

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
3,282

 
—

 
—

 
22

 
3,304

Commercial business
2,913

 
—

 
7

 
144

 
3,064

     Total commercial and industrial loans
6,195

 
—

 
7

 
166

 
6,368

Total allowance for credit losses
$
42,913

 
$
(46
)
 
$
169

 
$
1,500

 
$
44,536


 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Beginning
balance
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries
 
(Reversal of) Provision
 
Ending
balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
9,412

 
$
—

 
$
280

 
$
(484
)
 
$
9,208

Home equity and other
7,081

 
(97
)
 
76

 
(73
)
 
6,987

            Total consumer loans
16,493

 
(97
)
 
356

 
(557
)
 
16,195

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
4,755

 
—

 
—

 
(128
)
 
4,627

Multifamily
3,895

 
—

 
—

 
756

 
4,651

Construction/land development
8,677

 
—

 
171

 
311

 
9,159

     Total commercial real estate loans
17,327

 
—

 
171

 
939

 
18,437

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
2,960

 
—

 
—

 
6

 
2,966

Commercial business
2,336

 
(1
)
 
151

 
362

 
2,848

     Total commercial and industrial loans
5,296

 
(1
)
 
151

 
368

 
5,814

Total allowance for credit losses
$
39,116

 
$
(98
)
 
$
678

 
$
750

 
$
40,446


    
 
 











23

The following tables disaggregate our allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology. 
 
At March 31, 2019
 
(in thousands)
Allowance:
collectively
evaluated for
impairment
 
Allowance:
individually
evaluated for
impairment
 
Total
 
Loans:
collectively
evaluated for
impairment
 
Loans:
individually
evaluated for
impairment
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
8,110

 
$
80

 
$
8,190

 
$
1,274,211

 
$
69,523

 
$
1,343,734

 
Home equity and other
7,752

 
39

 
7,791

 
584,034

 
1,123

 
585,157

 
             Total consumer loans
15,862

 
119

 
15,981

 
1,858,245

 
70,646

 
1,928,891

 
Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
6,176

 
—

 
6,176

 
780,928

 
11

 
780,939

 
Multifamily
6,360

 
—

 
6,360

 
939,168

 
488

 
939,656

 
Construction/land development
9,651

 
—

 
9,651

 
832,604

 
4,675

 
837,279

 
     Total commercial real estate loans
22,187

 
—

 
22,187

 
2,552,700

 
5,174

 
2,557,874

 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
3,304

 
—

 
3,304

 
443,412

 
7,038

 
450,450

 
Commercial business
2,942

 
122

 
3,064

 
419,495

 
2,039

 
421,534

 
     Total commercial and industrial loans
6,246


122


6,368


862,907


9,077


871,984

 
Total loans evaluated for impairment
44,295

 
241

 
44,536

 
5,273,852

 
84,897

 
5,358,749

 
Loans held for investment carried at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,830

(1) 
Total loans held for investment
$
44,295

 
$
241

 
$
44,536

 
$
5,273,852

 
$
84,897

 
$
5,363,579

 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
Allowance:
collectively
evaluated for
impairment
 
Allowance:
individually
evaluated for
impairment
 
Total
 
Loans:
collectively
evaluated for
impairment
 
Loans:
individually
evaluated for
impairment
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
8,151

 
$
66

 
$
8,217

 
$
1,286,556

 
$
67,575

 
$
1,354,131

 
Home equity and other
7,671

 
41

 
7,712

 
569,673

 
1,237

 
570,910

 
            Total consumer loans
15,822

 
107

 
15,929

 
1,856,229

 
68,812

 
1,925,041

 
Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
5,496

 
—

 
5,496

 
701,928

 
—

 
701,928

 
Multifamily
5,754

 
—

 
5,754

 
907,523

 
492

 
908,015

 
Construction/land development
9,539

 
—

 
9,539

 
793,818

 
726

 
794,544

 
     Total commercial real estate loans
20,789

 
—

 
20,789

 
2,403,269

 
1,218

 
2,404,487

 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
3,282

 
—

 
3,282

 
427,938

 
1,220

 
429,158

 
Commercial business
2,787

 
126

 
2,913

 
329,170

 
1,834

 
331,004

 
     Total commercial and industrial loans
6,069

 
126

 
6,195

 
757,108

 
3,054

 
760,162

 
Total loans evaluated for impairment
42,680

 
233

 
42,913

 
5,016,606

 
73,084

 
5,089,690

 
Loans held for investment carried at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,057

(1) 
Total loans held for investment
$
42,680

 
$
233

 
$
42,913

 
$
5,016,606

 
$
73,084

 
$
5,093,747

 
(1)
Comprised of single family loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.


24

Impaired Loans
Loans are classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, in accordance with the terms of the original loan agreement, without unreasonable delay. This includes all loans classified as nonaccrual and troubled debt restructurings. Impaired loans are risk rated for internal and regulatory rating purposes, but presented separately for clarification.

The following tables present impaired loans by loan portfolio segment and loan class.
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Recorded
investment  (1)
 
Unpaid
principal
balance (2)
 
Related
allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family(3)
$
68,067

 
$
68,792

 
$
—

Home equity and other
570

 
596

 
—

                     Total consumer loans
68,637

 
69,388

 
—

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
11

 
69

 
—

Multifamily
488

 
488

 
—

Construction/land development
4,675

 
4,743

 
—

     Total commercial real estate loans
5,174

 
5,300

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
7,038

 
7,371

 
—

Commercial business
1,551

 
2,295

 
—

     Total commercial and industrial loans
8,589

 
9,666

 
—

 
$
82,400

 
$
84,354

 
$
—

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
1,456

 
$
1,464

 
$
80

Home equity and other
553

 
553

 
39

                     Total consumer loans
2,009

 
2,017

 
119

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial business
488

 
488

 
122

     Total commercial and industrial loans
488

 
488

 
122

 
$
2,497

 
$
2,505

 
$
241

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (3)
$
69,523

 
$
70,256

 
$
80

Home equity and other
1,123

 
1,149

 
39

                     Total consumer loans
70,646

 
71,405

 
119

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
11

 
69

 
—

Multifamily
488

 
488

 
—

Construction/land development
4,675

 
4,743

 
—

     Total commercial real estate loans
5,174

 
5,300

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
7,038

 
7,371

 
—

Commercial business
2,039

 
2,783

 
122

     Total commercial and industrial loans
9,077

 
10,154

 
122

Total impaired loans
$
84,897

 
$
86,859

 
$
241


(1)
Includes partial charge-offs and nonaccrual interest paid and purchase discounts and premiums.

25

(2)
Unpaid principal balance does not include partial charge-offs, purchase discounts and premiums or nonaccrual interest paid. Related allowance is calculated on net book balances not unpaid principal balances.
(3)
Includes $67.2 million in single family performing trouble debt restructurings ("TDRs").

 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Recorded
investment (1)
 
Unpaid
principal
balance (2)
 
Related
allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family(3)
$
66,725

 
$
67,496

 
$
—

Home equity and other
743

 
769

 
—

                     Total consumer loans
67,468

 
68,265

 
—

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily
492

 
492

 
—

Construction/land development
726

 
726

 
—

             Total commercial real estate loans
1,218


1,218


—

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
1,220

 
1,543

 
—

Commercial business
1,331

 
2,087

 
—

             Total commercial and industrial loans
2,551

 
3,630

 
—

 
$
71,237

 
$
73,113

 
$
—

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
850

 
$
850

 
$
66

Home equity and other
494

 
494

 
41

                     Total consumer loans
1,344

 
1,344

 
107

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial business
503

 
503

 
126

Total commercial and industrial loans
503

 
503

 
126

 
$
1,847

 
$
1,847

 
$
233

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (3)
$
67,575

 
$
68,346

 
$
66

Home equity and other
1,237

 
1,263

 
41

   Total consumer loans
68,812

 
69,609

 
107

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily
492

 
492

 
—

Construction/land development
726

 
726

 
—

             Total commercial real estate loans
1,218

 
1,218

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
1,220

 
1,543

 
—

Commercial business
1,834

 
2,590

 
126

Total commercial and industrial loans
3,054

 
4,133

 
126

Total impaired loans
$
73,084

 
$
74,960

 
$
233

 
(1)
Includes partial charge-offs and nonaccrual interest paid and purchase discounts and premiums.
(2)
Unpaid principal balance does not include partial charge-offs, purchase discounts and premiums or nonaccrual interest paid. Related allowance is calculated on net book balances not unpaid principal balances.
(3)
Includes $65.8 million in single family performing TDRs.


26


The following tables provide the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by portfolio segment and class.

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
68,548

 
$
706

 
$
72,013

 
$
653

Home equity and other
1,180

 
$
18

 
1,279

 
19

Total consumer loans
69,728

 
724

 
73,292

 
672

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
6

 
—

 
—

 
—

Multifamily
490

 
7

 
804

 
6

Construction/land development
2,701

 
—

 
522

 
5

             Total commercial real estate loans
3,197

 
7

 
1,326

 
11

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
4,128

 
93

 
2,921

 
36

Commercial business
1,937

 
11

 
2,945

 
37

Total commercial and industrial loans
6,065

 
104

 
5,866

 
73

 
$
78,990

 
$
835

 
$
80,484

 
$
756

 

Credit Quality Indicators

Management regularly reviews loans in the portfolio to assess credit quality indicators and to determine appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The Company's risk rating methodology assigns risk ratings ranging from 1 to 10, where a higher rating represents higher risk. The Company differentiates its lending portfolios into homogeneous loans and non-homogeneous loans.

The 10 risk rating categories can be generally described by the following groupings for non-homogeneous loans:

Pass. We have five pass risk ratings which represent a level of credit quality that ranges from no well-defined deficiency or weakness to some noted weakness. However, the risk of default on any loan classified as pass is expected to be remote. The five pass risk ratings are described below:

Minimal Risk. A minimal risk loan, risk rated 1-Exceptional, is to a borrower of the highest quality. The borrower has an unquestioned ability to produce consistent profits and service all obligations and can absorb severe market disturbances with little or no difficulty.

Low Risk. A low risk loan, risk rated 2-Superior, is similar in characteristics to a minimal risk loan. Balance sheet and operations are slightly more prone to fluctuations within the business cycle; however, debt capacity and debt service coverage remains strong. The borrower will have a strong demonstrated ability to produce profits and absorb market disturbances.

Modest Risk. A modest risk loan, risk rated 3-Excellent, is a desirable loan with excellent sources of repayment and no currently identifiable risk associated with collection. The borrower exhibits a very strong capacity to repay the loan in accordance with the repayment agreement. The borrower may be susceptible to economic cycles, but will have cash reserves to weather these cycles.

Average Risk. An average risk loan, risk rated 4-Good, is an attractive loan with sound sources of repayment and no material collection or repayment weakness evident. The borrower has an acceptable capacity to pay in accordance with the agreement. The borrower is susceptible to economic cycles and more efficient competition, but should have modest reserves sufficient to survive all but the most severe downturns or major setbacks.

27


Acceptable Risk. An acceptable risk loan, risk rated 5-Acceptable, is a loan with lower than average, but still acceptable credit risk. These borrowers may have higher leverage, less certain but viable repayment sources, have limited financial reserves and may possess weaknesses that can be adequately mitigated through collateral, structural or credit enhancement. The borrower is susceptible to economic cycles and is less resilient to negative market forces or financial events. Reserves may be insufficient to survive a modest downturn.

Watch. A watch loan, risk rated 6-Watch, is still pass-rated, but represents the lowest level of acceptable risk due to an emerging risk element or declining performance trend. Watch ratings are expected to be temporary, with issues resolved or manifested to the extent that a higher or lower rating would be appropriate. The borrower should have a plausible plan, with reasonable certainty of success, to correct the problems in a short period of time. Borrowers rated watch are characterized by elements of uncertainty, such as:
•
The borrower may be experiencing declining operating trends, strained cash flows or less-than anticipated financial performance. Cash flow should still be adequate to cover debt service, and the negative trends should be identified as being of a short-term or temporary nature.
•
The borrower may have experienced a minor, unexpected covenant violation.
•
The borrower may be experiencing tight working capital or have a cash cushion deficiency.
•
A loan may also be a watch if financial information is late, there is a documentation deficiency, the borrower has experienced unexpected management turnover, or if it faces industry issues that, when combined with performance factors create uncertainty in its future ability to perform.
•
Delinquent payments, increasing and material overdraft activity, request for bulge and/or out-of-formula advances may be an indicator of inadequate working capital and may suggest a lower rating.
•
Failure of the intended repayment source to materialize as expected, or renewal of a loan (other than cash/marketable security secured or lines of credit) without reduction are possible indicators of a watch or worse risk rating.

Special Mention. A special mention loan, risk rated 7-Special Mention, has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans or the institution's credit position at some future date. Loans in this category contain unfavorable characteristics and are generally undesirable. They are currently protected but are potentially weak and constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of a substandard classification. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses, which if not checked or corrected, weaken the loan or inadequately protect the Company's position at some future date. Such weaknesses include:
•
Performance is poor or significantly less than expected. There may be a temporary debt-servicing deficiency or inadequate working capital as evidenced by a cash cushion deficiency, but not to the extent that repayment is compromised. Material violation of financial covenants is common.
•
Loans with unresolved material issues that significantly cloud the debt service outlook, even though a debt servicing deficiency does not currently exist.
•
Modest underperformance or deviation from plan for real estate loans where absorption of rental/sales units is necessary to properly service the debt as structured. Depth of support for interest carry provided by owner/guarantors may mitigate and provide for improved rating.
•
This rating may be assigned when a loan officer is unable to supervise the credit properly, or when there is an inadequate loan agreement, an inability to control collateral, failure to obtain proper documentation, or any other deviation from prudent lending practices.
•
Unlike a substandard credit, there should be a reasonable expectation that these temporary issues will be corrected within the normal course of business, rather than through liquidation of assets, and in a reasonable period of time.

Substandard. A substandard loan, risk rated 8-Substandard, is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the loan. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in individual loans classified substandard. Loans are classified as substandard when they have unsatisfactory characteristics causing unacceptable levels of risk. A substandard loan normally has one or more well-defined weaknesses that could jeopardize repayment of the loan. The likely need to liquidate assets to correct the problem, rather than repayment from successful operations, is the key distinction between special mention and substandard. The following are examples of well-defined weaknesses:

28

•
Cash flow deficiencies or trends are of a magnitude to jeopardize current and future payments with no immediate relief. A loss is not presently expected, however the outlook is sufficiently uncertain to preclude ruling out the possibility.
•
The borrower has been unable to adjust to prolonged and unfavorable industry or economic trends.
•
Material underperformance or deviation from plan for real estate loans where absorption of rental/sales units is necessary to properly service the debt and risk is not mitigated by willingness and capacity of owner/guarantor to support interest payments.
•
Management character or honesty has become suspect. This includes instances where the borrower has become uncooperative.
•
Due to unprofitable or unsuccessful business operations, some form of restructuring of the business, including liquidation of assets, has become the primary source of loan repayment. Cash flow has deteriorated, or been diverted, to the point that sale of collateral is now the Company's primary source of repayment (unless this was the original source of repayment). If the collateral is under the Company's control and is cash or other liquid, highly marketable securities and properly margined, then a more appropriate rating might be special mention or watch.
•
The borrower is involved in bankruptcy proceedings where collateral liquidation values are expected to fully protect the Company against loss.
•
There is material, uncorrectable faulty documentation or materially suspect financial information.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful, risk rated 9-Doubtful, have all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work towards strengthening the loan, classification as a loss (and immediate charge-off) is deferred until more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, liquidation procedures, capital injection, and perfection of liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. In certain circumstances, a doubtful rating will be temporary, while the Company is awaiting an updated collateral valuation. In these cases, once the collateral is valued and appropriate margin applied, the remaining uncollateralized portion will be charged-off. The remaining balance, properly margined, may then be upgraded to substandard, however must remain on non-accrual.

Loss. Loans classified as loss, risk rated 10-Loss, are considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as an active Company asset is not warranted. This rating does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather that the loan should be charged-off now, even though partial or full recovery may be possible in the future.

Homogeneous loans maintain their original risk rating until they are greater than 30 days past due, and risk rating reclassification is based primarily on the past due status of the loan. The risk rating categories can be generally described by the following groupings for commercial and commercial real estate homogeneous loans:

Watch. A homogeneous watch loan, risk rated 6, is 60-89 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Special Mention. A homogeneous special mention loan, risk rated 7, is less than 90 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Substandard. A homogeneous substandard loan, risk rated 8, is more than 90 days or more past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Loss. A homogeneous loss loan, risk rated 10, is 120 days or more past due from the required payment date for non-real estate secured closed-end loans or 180 days or more past due from the required payment date for open-end loans and all loans secured by real estate. These loans are generally charged off in the month in which the applicable time period elapses.


The risk rating categories can be generally described by the following groupings for residential and home equity and other homogeneous loans:

Watch. A homogeneous retail watch loan, risk rated 6, is 60-89 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.


29

Substandard. A homogeneous retail substandard loan, risk rated 8, is 90-180 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Loss. A homogeneous retail loss loan, risk rated 10, is past due 180 cumulative days or more from the contractual due date. These loans are generally charged-off in the month in which the 180 day period elapses.

Residential and home equity loans modified in a troubled debt restructure are not considered homogeneous. The risk rating classification for such loans are based on the non-homogeneous definitions noted above.

The following tables summarize designated loan grades by loan portfolio segment and loan class.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Pass
 
Watch
 
Special mention
 
Substandard
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
1,328,432

(1) 
$
3,874

 
$
8,365

 
$
7,883

 
$
1,348,554

Home equity and other
583,569

 
92

 
539

 
967

 
585,167

Total consumer loans
1,912,001

 
3,966

 
8,904

 
8,850

 
1,933,721

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
774,673

 
2,416

 
3,839

 
11

 
780,939

Multifamily
936,046

 
3,610

 
—

 
—

 
939,656

Construction/land development
807,532

 
24,645

 
356

 
4,746

 
837,279

Total commercial real estate loans
2,518,251

 
30,671

 
4,195

 
4,757

 
2,557,874

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
410,459

 
26,178

 
5,897

 
7,916

 
450,450

Commercial business
385,917

 
18,999

 
14,645

 
1,973

 
421,534

Total commercial and industrial loans
796,376

 
45,177

 
20,542

 
9,889

 
871,984

 
$
5,226,628

 
$
79,814

 
$
33,641

 
$
23,496

 
$
5,363,579

(1)
Includes $4.8 million of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.


30

 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Pass
 
Watch
 
Special mention
 
Substandard
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
1,338,025

(1) 
$
2,882

 
$
8,775

 
$
8,493

 
$
1,358,175

Home equity and other
569,370

 
95

 
510

 
948

 
570,923

Total consumer loans
1,907,395

 
2,977

 
9,285

 
9,441

 
1,929,098

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
695,077

 
1,426

 
5,425

 
—

 
701,928

Multifamily
903,897

 
3,626

 
492

 
—

 
908,015

Construction/land development
767,113

 
21,531

 
1,084

 
4,816

 
794,544

Total commercial real estate loans
2,366,087

 
26,583

 
7,001

 
4,816

 
2,404,487

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
392,273

 
22,928

 
11,087

 
2,870

 
429,158

Commercial business
299,225

 
14,331

 
15,427

 
2,021

 
331,004

Total commercial and industrial loans
691,498

 
37,259

 
26,514

 
4,891

 
760,162

 
$
4,964,980

 
$
66,819

 
$
42,800

 
$
19,148

 
$
5,093,747

(1)
Includes $4.1 million of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, none of the Company's loans were rated Doubtful or Loss. For a detailed discussion on credit quality, see Note 5, Loans and Credit Quality, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of principal and interest is doubtful, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due for principal or interest payment or if part of the principal balance has been charged off. Loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration ("VA") are generally maintained on accrual status even if 90 days or more past due.

31

The following tables present an aging analysis of past due loans by loan portfolio segment and loan class.
 
At March 31, 2019
 
(in thousands)
30-59 days
past due
 
60-89 days
past due
 
90 days or
more
past due
 
Total past
due
 
Current
 
Total
loans
 
90 days or
more past
due and
accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
5,872

 
$
5,416

 
$
37,155

 
$
48,443

 
$
1,300,111

(1) 
$
1,348,554

 
$
29,273

(2) 
Home equity and other
654

 
97

 
967

 
1,718

 
583,449

 
585,167

 
—

 
Total consumer loans
6,526

 
5,513

 
38,122

 
50,161

 
1,883,560

 
1,933,721

 
29,273

 
Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
—

 
—

 
11

 
11

 
780,928

 
780,939

 
—

 
Multifamily
144

 
—

 
—

 
144

 
939,512

 
939,656

 
—

 
Construction/land development
—

 
—

 
4,746

 
4,746

 
832,533

 
837,279

 
—

 
Total commercial real estate loans
144

 
—

 
4,757

 
4,901

 
2,552,973

 
2,557,874

 
—

 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
—

 
2,038

 
364

 
2,402

 
448,048

 
450,450

 
—

 
Commercial business
—

 
—

 
1,904

 
1,904

 
419,630

 
421,534

 
—

 
Total commercial and industrial loans
—

 
2,038

 
2,268

 
4,306

 
867,678

 
871,984

 
—

 
 
$
6,670

 
$
7,551

 
$
45,147

 
$
59,368

 
$
5,304,211

 
$
5,363,579

 
$
29,273

 

 
At December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
30-59 days
past due
 
60-89 days
past due
 
90 days or
more
past due
 
Total past
due
 
Current
 
Total
loans
 
90 days or
more past
due and
accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
9,725

 
$
3,653

 
$
47,609

 
$
60,987

 
$
1,297,188

(1) 
$
1,358,175

 
$
39,116

(2) 
Home equity and other
145

 
100

 
948

 
1,193

 
569,730

 
570,923

 
—

 
Total consumer loans
9,870

 
3,753

 
48,557

 
62,180

 
1,866,918

 
1,929,098

 
39,116

 
Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
701,928

 
701,928

 
—

 
Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
908,015

 
908,015

 
—

 
Construction/land development
—

 
—

 
72

 
72

 
794,472

 
794,544

 
—

 
Total commercial real estate loans
—

 
—

 
72

 
72

 
2,404,415

 
2,404,487

 
—

 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
—

 
—

 
374

 
374

 
428,784

 
429,158

 
—

 
Commercial business
—

 
—

 
1,732

 
1,732

 
329,272

 
331,004

 
—

 
Total commercial and industrial loans
—

 
—

 
2,106

 
2,106

 
758,056

 
760,162

 
—

 
 
$
9,870

 
$
3,753

 
$
50,735

 
$
64,358

 
$
5,029,389

 
$
5,093,747

 
$
39,116

 

(1)
Includes $4.8 million and $4.1 million of loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in our consolidated statements of operations.
(2)
FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss.



32



The following tables present performing and nonperforming loan balances by loan portfolio segment and loan class.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Accrual
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
1,340,672

 
$
7,882

 
$
1,348,554

Home equity and other
584,200

 
967

 
585,167

Total consumer loans
1,924,872

 
8,849

 
1,933,721

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
780,928

 
11

 
780,939

Multifamily
939,656

 
—

 
939,656

Construction/land development
832,533

 
4,746

 
837,279

Total commercial real estate loans
2,553,117

 
4,757

 
2,557,874

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
450,086

 
364

 
450,450

Commercial business
419,630

 
1,904

 
421,534

Total commercial and industrial loans
869,716

 
2,268

 
871,984

 
$
5,347,705

 
$
15,874

 
$
5,363,579



 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Accrual
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
1,349,682

 
$
8,493

 
$
1,358,175

Home equity and other
569,975

 
948

 
570,923

Total consumer loans
1,919,657

 
9,441

 
1,929,098

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
701,928

 
—

 
701,928

Multifamily
908,015

 
—

 
908,015

Construction/land development
794,472

 
72

 
794,544

Total commercial real estate loans
2,404,415


72


2,404,487

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
428,784

 
374

 
429,158

Commercial business
329,272

 
1,732

 
331,004

Total commercial and industrial loans
758,056

 
2,106

 
760,162

 
$
5,082,128

 
$
11,619

 
$
5,093,747


(1)
Includes $4.8 million and $4.1 million of loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.


33

The following tables present information about TDR activity during the periods presented.

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Concession type
 
Number of loan
modifications
 
Recorded
investment
 
Related charge-
offs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
 
5

 
$
1,192

 
$
—

 
Payment restructure
 
48

 
9,761

 
—

Total consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
 
5

 
1,192

 
—

 
Payment restructure
 
48

 
9,761

 
—

 
 
 
53

 
10,953

 
—

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction/land development
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment restructure
 
1

 
4,675

 
—

Total commercial real estate
 
 

 

 
 
 
Payment restructure
 
1

 
4,675

 
—

 
 
 
1

 
4,675

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment restructure
 
1

 
5,840

 
—

Total commercial and industrial
 
 

 

 

 
Payment restructure
 
1

 
5,840

 
—

 
 
 
1

 
5,840

 
—

Total loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
 
5

 
1,192

 
—

 
Payment restructure
 
50

 
20,276

 
—

 
 
 
55

 
$
21,468

 
$
—



34

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Concession type
 
Number of loan
modifications
 
Recorded
investment
 
Related charge-
offs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
 
8

 
$
1,685

 
$
—

 
Payment restructure
 
25

 
5,189

 
—

Total consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
 
8

 
1,685

 
—

 
Payment restructure
 
25

 
5,189

 
—

 
 
 
33

 
6,874

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment restructure
 
2

 
267

 
—

 
 
 
2

 
267

 
—

Total loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
 
8

 
1,685

 
—

 
Payment restructure
 
27

 
5,456

 
—

 
 
 
35

 
$
7,141

 
$
—

 
 
 

The following table presents loans that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and subsequently re-defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A TDR loan is considered re-defaulted when it becomes doubtful that the objectives of the modifications will be met, generally when a consumer loan TDR becomes 60 days or more past due on principal or interest payments or when a commercial loan TDR becomes 90 days or more past due on principal or interest payments.

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
Number of loan relationships that re-defaulted
 
Recorded
investment
 
Number of loan relationships that re-defaulted
 
Recorded
investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
5

 
$
1,059

 
6

 
$
884

 



35

NOTE 5–DEPOSITS:

Deposit balances, including stated rates, were as follows.
 
(in thousands)
At March 31,
2019
 
At December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing accounts (1)
$
1,080,855

 
$
914,154

NOW accounts, 0.00% to 1.44% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
415,402

 
376,137

Statement savings accounts, due on demand, 0.05% to 1.13% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
241,747

 
245,795

Money market accounts, due on demand, 0.00% to 2.57% at March 31, 2019 and 0.00% to 2.40% at December 31, 2018
2,014,662

 
1,935,516

Certificates of deposit, 0.10% to 3.80% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
1,644,768

 
1,579,806

 
$
5,397,434

 
$
5,051,408

(1) Includes $219.1 million and $162.8 million in servicing deposits related to discontinued operations at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Interest expense on deposits was as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
$
375

 
$
440

Statement savings accounts
149

 
229

Money market accounts
5,803

 
3,459

Certificates of deposit
7,985

 
3,660

 
$
14,312

 
$
7,788


The weighted-average interest rates on certificates of deposit were 2.11% and 1.87% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Certificates of deposit outstanding mature as follows.
 
(in thousands)
At March 31,
2019
 
 
Within one year
$
1,275,207

One to two years
303,019

Two to three years
35,930

Three to four years
18,632

Four to five years
11,449

Thereafter
531

 
$
1,644,768


The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250 thousand at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $113.9 million and $85.3 million, respectively. There were $731.8 million and $786.1 million of brokered deposits at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


NOTE 6–DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES:

To reduce the risk of significant interest rate fluctuations on the value of certain assets and liabilities, such as certain mortgage loans held for sale or MSRs, the Company utilizes derivatives, such as forward sale commitments, futures, option contracts, interest rate swaps and interest rate swaptions as risk management instruments in its hedging strategy. Derivative transactions

36

are measured in terms of notional amount, which is not recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The notional amount is generally not exchanged and is used as the basis for interest and other contractual payments.

We held no derivatives designated as a fair value, cash flow or foreign currency hedge instrument at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. Derivatives are reported at their respective fair values in the other assets or accounts payable and other liabilities line items on the consolidated statements of financial condition, with changes in fair value reflected in current period earnings.

As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Company nets derivative assets and liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Company and the derivative counterparty, which are documented under industry standard master agreements and credit support annexes. The Company's master netting agreements provide that following an uncured payment default or other event of default, the non-defaulting party may promptly terminate all transactions between the parties and determine a net amount due to be paid to, or by, the defaulting party. An event of default may also occur under a credit support annex if a party fails to make a collateral delivery (which remains uncured following applicable notice and grace periods). The Company's right of offset requires that master netting agreements are legally enforceable and that the exercise of rights by the non-defaulting party under these agreements will not be stayed or avoided under applicable law upon an event of default, including bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding.

The collateral used under the Company's master netting agreements is typically cash, but securities may be used under agreements with certain counterparties. Receivables related to cash collateral that has been paid to counterparties is included in other assets on the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition. Any securities pledged to counterparties as collateral remain on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Refer to Note 3, Investment Securities, for further information on securities collateral pledged. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not hold any collateral received from counterparties under derivative transactions.

For further information on the policies that govern derivative and hedging activities, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 11, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


37

The notional amounts and fair values for derivatives consist of the following.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
 
Notional amount
 
Fair value derivatives
(in thousands)
 
 
Asset
 
Liability
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward sale commitments
$
1,345,905

 
$
2,797

 
$
(4,830
)
Interest rate swaptions
35,000

 
84

 
—

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
615,376

 
14,118

 
(62
)
Interest rate swaps
366,384

 
12,852

 
(4,765
)
Eurodollar futures
1,773,000

 
105

 
—

Total derivatives before netting
$
4,135,665

 
29,956

 
(9,657
)
Netting adjustment/Cash collateral (1)
 
 
(3,478
)
 
8,440

Carrying value on consolidated statements of financial condition(2)
 
 
$
26,478

 
$
(1,217
)


 
At December 31, 2018
 
Notional amount
 
Fair value derivatives
(in thousands)
 
 
Asset
 
Liability
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward sale commitments
$
1,334,947

 
$
3,025

 
$
(5,340
)
Interest rate swaptions
34,000

 
203

 
—

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
390,558

 
10,289

 
(5
)
Interest rate swaps
803,652

 
14,566

 
(11,549
)
Eurodollar futures
3,135,000

 
—

 
(110
)
Total derivatives before netting
$
5,698,157

 
28,083

 
(17,004
)
Netting adjustment/Cash collateral (1)
 
 
(8,329
)
 
12,517

Carrying value on consolidated statements of financial condition
 
 
$
19,754

 
$
(4,487
)
(1)
Includes cash collateral of $5.0 million and $4.2 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as part of netting adjustments which primarily consists of collateral transferred by the Company at the initiation of derivative transactions and held by the counterparty as security.
(2) Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.


38

The following tables present gross and net information about derivative instruments.
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Gross fair value
 
Netting adjustments/ Cash collateral (1)
 
Carrying value
 
Securities not offset in consolidated balance sheet (disclosure-only netting)
 
Net amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets
$
29,956

 
$
(3,478
)
 
$
26,478

 
$
—

 
$
26,478

Derivative liabilities
(9,657
)
 
8,440

 
(1,217
)
 
628

 
(589
)

 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Gross fair value
 
Netting adjustments/ Cash collateral (1)
 
Carrying value
 
Securities not offset in consolidated balance sheet (disclosure-only netting)
 
Net amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets
$
28,083

 
$
(8,329
)
 
$
19,754

 
$
—

 
$
19,754

Derivative liabilities
(17,004
)
 
12,517

 
(4,487
)
 
3,223

 
(1,264
)
(1)
Includes cash collateral of $5.0 million and $4.2 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, as part of the netting adjustments which primarily consists of collateral transferred by the Company at the initiation of derivative transactions and held by the counterparty as security.
The following table presents the net gain (loss) recognized on derivatives, including economic hedge derivatives, within the respective line items in the statement of operations for the periods indicated.

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Recognized in noninterest income:(1)
 
 
 
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities (2)
$
146

 
$
14,125

Loan servicing income (loss) (3)
3,683

 
(30,977
)
Other (4)
9

 
—

 
$
3,838

 
$
(16,852
)
 

(1)
Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.
(2)
Comprised of interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") and forward contracts used as an economic hedge of IRLCs and single family mortgage loans held for sale.
(3)
Comprised of interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, futures and forward contracts used as an economic hedge of single family MSRs.
(4)
Comprised of interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, and forward contracts used as an economic hedge of loans held for investment.


39

NOTE 7–MORTGAGE BANKING OPERATIONS:

Loans held for sale consisted of the following.
 
(in thousands)
At March 31,
2019
 
At December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
360,496

 
$
321,868

Multifamily DUS® (2)
2,421

 
21,974

Small Business Administration ("SBA")
1,561

 
3,165

Total loans held for sale (1)
$
364,478

 
$
347,007


(1)
Includes loans from discontinued operations of $307.6 million and $269.7 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2)
Fannie Mae Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program ("DUS"®) is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae.

Loans sold proceeds consisted of the following.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
 
$
993,619

 
$
1,550,724

Multifamily DUS® (1)
 
21,927

 
32,976

SBA
 
7,109

 
3,548

CRE-Non-DUS® (1)
 
135,035

 
—

Single family (2)
 
11,230

 
—

Total loans sold
 
$
1,168,920

 
$
1,587,248


(1)
Fannie Mae Multifamily DUS® is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae.
(2)
Loans originated as held for investment.


Gain on loan origination and sale activities, including the effects of derivative risk management instruments, consisted of the following.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Single family:
 
 
 
 
Servicing value and secondary market gains (1)
 
$
31,843

 
$
41,427

Loan origination and funding fees
 
3,645

 
5,445

Total single family
 
35,488

 
46,872

Multifamily DUS® (2)
 
534

 
1,146

SBA
 
375

 
301

CRE-Non-DUS® (2)(3)
 
1,751

 
—

Single family (3)
 
(53
)
 
—

Total gain on loan origination and sale activities (4)
 
$
38,095

 
$
48,319


(1)
Comprised of gains and losses on interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments (which considers the value of servicing), single family loans held for sale, forward sale commitments used to economically hedge secondary market activities, and changes in the Company's repurchase liability for loans that have been sold.
(2)
Fannie Mae Multifamily DUS® is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae.
(3) Loans originated as held for investment.
(4) Includes $35.5 million and $46.9 million from discontinued operations at March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

40


The Company's portfolio of loans serviced for others is primarily comprised of loans held in U.S. government and agency MBS issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Loans serviced for others are not included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as they are not assets of the Company.

The composition of loans serviced for others that contribute to loan servicing income is presented below at the unpaid principal balance.
(in thousands)
At March 31,
2019
 
At December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
Single family
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency
$
5,450,159

 
$
19,541,450

Other
602,235

 
610,285

 
6,052,394

 
20,151,735

Commercial
 
 
 
Multifamily DUS® (1)
1,435,036

 
1,458,020

Other
86,561

 
84,457

 
1,521,597

 
1,542,477

Total loans serviced for others
$
7,573,991

 
$
21,694,212


(1)
Fannie Mae Multifamily DUS® is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae.

The Company has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Company may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify loan purchasers due to defects in the origination process of the loan, such as documentation errors, underwriting errors and judgments, appraisal errors, early payment defaults and fraud. For further information on the Company's mortgage repurchase liability, see Note 8, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


41

The following is a summary of changes in the Company's liability for estimated mortgage repurchase losses.

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
3,120

 
$
3,015

Additions, net of adjustments (1)
 
253

 
610

Realized losses (2)
 
(117
)
 
(960
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
3,256

 
$
2,665

 
(1)
Includes additions for new loan sales and changes in estimated probable future repurchase losses on previously sold loans.
(2)
Includes principal losses and accrued interest on repurchased loans, "make-whole" settlements, settlements with claimants and certain related expense.

The Company has agreements with certain investors to advance scheduled principal and interest amounts on delinquent loans. Advances are also made to fund the foreclosure and collection costs of delinquent loans prior to the recovery of reimbursable amounts from investors or borrowers. Advances of $3.3 million and $2.5 million were recorded in other assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

When the Company has the unilateral right to repurchase Ginnie Mae pool loans it has previously sold (generally loans that are more than 90 days past due), the Company records the loan on its consolidated statement of financial condition. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, delinquent or defaulted mortgage loans currently in Ginnie Mae pools that the Company has recognized on its consolidated statements of financial condition totaled $10.4 million and $37.7 million, respectively, with a corresponding amount recorded within accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The recognition of previously sold loans does not impact the accounting for the previously recognized MSRs.

Revenue from mortgage servicing, including the effects of derivative risk management instruments, consisted of the following.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Servicing income, net:
 
 
 
Servicing fees and other
$
17,357

 
$
18,451

Changes in fair value of single family MSRs due to modeled amortization (1)
(8,983
)
 
(8,870
)
Amortization of multifamily and SBA MSRs
(1,376
)
 
(1,049
)
 
6,998

 
8,532

Risk management, single family MSRs:
 
 
 
Changes in fair value of MSRs due to changes in market inputs and/or model updates (2)
(5,278
)
 
30,019

Net gain (loss) from derivatives economically hedging MSR
3,683

 
(30,977
)
 
(1,595
)
 
(958
)
Loan servicing income (3)
$
5,403

 
$
7,574

 
(1)
Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2)
Principally reflects changes in market inputs, which include current market interest rates and prepayment model updates, both of which affect future prepayment speed and cash flow projections.
(3)
Includes $3.6 million and $6.7 million from discontinued operations at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
 
All MSRs are initially measured and recorded at fair value at the time loans are sold. Single family MSRs are subsequently carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings in the periods in which the changes occur, while multifamily and SBA MSRs are subsequently carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

The fair value of MSRs is determined based on the price that would be received to sell the MSRs in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company determines fair value using a valuation model that calculates the net present value of estimated future cash flows. Estimates of future cash flows include contractual servicing

42

fees, ancillary income and costs of servicing, the timing of which are impacted by assumptions, primarily expected prepayment speeds and discount rates, which relate to the underlying performance of the loans.

The initial fair value measurement of MSRs is adjusted up or down depending on whether the underlying loan pool interest rate is at a premium, discount or par. Key economic assumptions used in measuring the initial fair value of capitalized single family MSRs were as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(rates per annum) (1)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Constant prepayment rate ("CPR") (2)
19.84
%
 
13.61
%
Discount rate (3)
9.73
%
 
10.23
%

(1)
Weighted average rates for sales during the period for sales of loans with similar characteristics.
(2)
Represents the expected lifetime average.
(3)
Discount rate is a rate based on market observations.

Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value for single family MSRs to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions were as follows.
(dollars in thousands)
At March 31, 2019
 
 
Fair value of single family MSR
$
68,250

Expected weighted-average life (in years)
5.46

Constant prepayment rate (1)
14.67
%
Impact on fair value of 25 basis points adverse change in interest rates
$
(4,315
)
Impact on fair value of 50 basis points adverse change in interest rates
$
(8,695
)
Discount rate
9.80
%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points increase
$
(4,974
)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points increase
$
(14,492
)
 
(1)
Represents the expected lifetime average.

These sensitivities are hypothetical and subject to key assumptions of the underlying valuation model. As the table above demonstrates, the Company's methodology for estimating the fair value of MSRs is highly sensitive to changes in key assumptions. For example, actual prepayment experience may differ and any difference may have a material effect on MSR fair value. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may be associated with changes in another (for example, decreases in market interest rates may provide an incentive to refinance; however, this may also indicate a slowing economy and an increase in the unemployment rate, which reduces the number of borrowers who qualify for refinancing), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Thus, any measurement of MSR fair value is limited by the conditions existing and assumptions made as of a particular point in time. Those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied to a different point in time.

In March 2019, the Company successfully closed and settled two sales of the rights to service an aggregate of $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac representing 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio as of December 31, 2018. These sales resulted in a $774 thousand pre-tax increase in income from discontinued operations during the quarter. The Company plans to finalize the servicing transfer for these loans in the second and third quarters of 2019. In connection with the MSR sales, the Company has an obligation to reimburse the buyers for loan prepayments 60 days beyond the sales date and has established a reserve for this expected amount.


43

The changes in single family MSRs measured at fair value are as follows.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
252,168

 
$
258,560

Additions and amortization:
 
 
 
 
Originations
 
7,287

 
14,353

Sale of single family MSRs
 
(176,944
)
 
—

Changes due to modeled amortization (1)
 
(8,983
)
 
(8,870
)
Net additions and amortization
 
(178,640
)
 
5,483

Changes in fair value of MSRs due to changes in market inputs and/or model updates (2)
 
(5,278
)
 
30,019

Ending balance
 
$
68,250

 
$
294,062

 
(1)
Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2)
Principally reflects changes in market inputs, which include current market interest rates and prepayment model updates, both of which affect future prepayment speed and cash flow projections.

MSRs resulting from the sale of multifamily loans are recorded at fair value and subsequently carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Multifamily MSRs are amortized in proportion to, and over, the estimated period the net servicing income will be collected.

The changes in multifamily MSRs measured at the lower of amortized cost or fair value were as follows.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
28,328

 
$
26,093

Origination
 
630

 
934

Amortization
 
(1,266
)
 
(985
)
Ending balance
 
$
27,692

 
$
26,042


At March 31, 2019, the expected weighted-average remaining life of the Company's multifamily MSRs was 10.46 years years. Projected amortization expense for the gross carrying value of multifamily MSRs is estimated as follows.
 
(in thousands)
At March 31, 2019
 
 
Remainder of 2019
$
2,944

2020
3,864

2021
3,686

2022
3,441

2023
3,222

2024
2,945

2025 and thereafter
7,590

Carrying value of multifamily MSR
$
27,692




44

NOTE 8–COMMITMENTS, GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENCIES:

Commitments

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers in accordance with predetermined contractual provisions. These commitments may be for specific periods or contain termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee by the borrower. The total amount of unused commitments does not necessarily represent future credit exposure or cash requirements in that commitments may expire without being drawn upon.

The Company makes certain unfunded loan commitments as part of its lending activities that have not been recognized in the Company's financial statements. These include commitments to extend credit made as part of the Company's lending activities on loans the Company intends to hold in its loans held for investment portfolio. The aggregate amount of these unrecognized unfunded loan commitments existing at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $43.2 million and $33.8 million, respectively.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company extends secured and unsecured open-end loans to meet the financing needs of its customers. Undistributed construction loan commitments, where the Company has an obligation to advance funds for construction progress payments, were $541.1 million and $607.2 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Unused home equity and commercial banking funding lines totaled $718.7 million and $662.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses on loan commitments, included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition, of $1.4 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Guarantees

In the ordinary course of business, the Company sells and services loans through the Fannie Mae Multifamily DUS® program and shares in the risk of loss with Fannie Mae under the terms of the DUS® contracts (pari passu loss sharing agreement). Under such agreements, the Company and Fannie Mae share losses on a pro rata basis, where the Company is responsible for losses incurred up to one-third of principal balance on each loan and with two-thirds of the loss covered by Fannie Mae. For loans that have been sold through this program, a liability is recorded for this loss sharing arrangement under the accounting guidance for guarantees. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total unpaid principal balance of loans sold under this program was $1.44 billion and $1.46 billion, respectively. The Company's reserve liability related to this arrangement totaled $2.7 million and $2.5 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no actual losses incurred under this arrangement during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Mortgage Repurchase Liability

In the ordinary course of business, the Company sells residential mortgage loans to GSEs and other entities. In addition, the Company pools FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed mortgage loans into Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. The Company has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Company may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify loan purchasers due to defects in the origination process of the loan, such as documentation errors, underwriting errors and judgments, early payment defaults and fraud.

These obligations expose the Company to mark-to-market and credit losses on the repurchased mortgage loans after accounting for any mortgage insurance that we may receive. Generally, the maximum amount of future payments the Company would be required to make for breaches of these representations and warranties would be equal to the unpaid principal balance of such loans that are deemed to have defects that were sold to purchasers plus, in certain circumstances, accrued and unpaid interest on such loans and certain expenses.

The Company does not typically receive repurchase requests from the FHA or VA. As an originator of FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed loans, the Company is responsible for obtaining the insurance with FHA or the guarantee with the VA. If loans are later found not to meet the requirements of FHA or VA, through required internal quality control reviews or through agency audits, the Company may be required to indemnify FHA or VA against losses. The loans remain in Ginnie Mae pools unless and until they are repurchased by the Company. In general, once an FHA or VA loan becomes 90 days past due, the Company repurchases the FHA or VA residential mortgage loan to minimize the cost of interest advances on the loan. If the loan is cured through borrower efforts or through loss mitigation activities, the loan may be resold into a Ginnie Mae pool. The Company's liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses incorporates probable losses associated with such indemnification.

45


The total unpaid principal balance of loans sold on a servicing-retained basis that were subject to the terms and conditions of these representations and warranties totaled $6.14 billion and $20.24 billion as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had recorded a mortgage repurchase liability for loans sold on a servicing-retained and servicing-released basis, included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition, of $3.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company may have various legal claims and other similar contingent matters outstanding for which a loss may be realized. For these claims, the Company establishes a liability for contingent losses when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. For claims determined to be reasonably possible but not probable of resulting in a loss, there may be a range of possible losses in excess of the established liability. At March 31, 2019, we reviewed our legal claims and determined that there were no material claims that were considered to be probable or reasonably possible of resulting in a material loss. As a result, the Company did not have any material amounts reserved for legal claims as of March 31, 2019.

NOTE 9–FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT:

For a further discussion of fair value measurements, including information regarding the Company's valuation methodologies and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 18, Fair Value Measurement within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Valuation Processes
The Company has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value measurements are reasonably estimated. The Finance Committee of the Board provides oversight and approves the Company's Asset/Liability Management Policy ("ALMP"). The Company's ALMP governs, among other things, the application and control of the valuation models used to measure fair value. On a quarterly basis, the Company's Asset/Liability Management Committee ("ALCO") and the Finance Committee of the Board review significant modeling variables used to measure the fair value of the Company's financial instruments, including the significant inputs used in the valuation of single family MSRs. Additionally, ALCO periodically obtains an independent review of the MSR valuation process and procedures, including a review of the model architecture and the valuation assumptions. The Company obtains an MSR valuation from an independent valuation firm monthly to assist with the validation of the fair value estimate and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in measuring fair value.

The Company's real estate valuations are overseen by the Company's appraisal department, which is independent of the Company's lending and credit administration functions. The appraisal department maintains the Company's appraisal policy and recommends changes to the policy subject to approval by the Company's Loan Committee and the Credit Committee of the Board. The Company's appraisals are prepared by independent third-party appraisers and the Company's internal appraisers. Single family appraisals are generally reviewed by the Company's single family loan underwriters. Single family appraisals with unusual, higher risk or complex characteristics, as well as commercial real estate appraisals, are reviewed by the Company's appraisal department.

We obtain pricing from third party service providers for determining the fair value of a substantial portion of our investment securities available for sale. We have processes in place to evaluate such third party pricing services to ensure information obtained and valuation techniques used are appropriate. For fair value measurements obtained from third party services, we monitor and review the results to ensure the values are reasonable and in line with market experience for similar classes of securities. While the inputs used by the pricing vendor in determining fair value are not provided, and therefore unavailable for our review, we do perform certain procedures to validate the values received, including comparisons to other sources of valuation (if available), comparisons to other independent market data and a variance analysis of prices by Company personnel that are not responsible for the performance of the investment securities.

Estimation of Fair Value
Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available. In cases where a quoted price for an asset or liability is not available, the Company uses valuation models to estimate fair value. These models incorporate inputs such as forward yield curves, loan prepayment assumptions, expected loss assumptions, market volatilities, and pricing spreads utilizing market-based inputs where readily available. The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those that would be used by other market participants. However, imprecision in estimating unobservable inputs and other factors may result in these fair value measurements not reflecting the amount realized in an actual sale or transfer of the asset or liability in a current market exchange.

46


The following table summarizes the fair value measurement methodologies, including significant inputs and assumptions, and classification of the Company's assets and liabilities.
Asset/Liability class
  
Valuation methodology, inputs and assumptions
  
Classification
Investment securities
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale
  
Observable market prices of identical or similar securities are used where available.
 

  
Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
 
 
If market prices are not readily available, value is based on discounted cash flows using the following significant inputs:
 
•      Expected prepayment speeds
 
•      Estimated credit losses
 
•      Market liquidity adjustments
 
Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.
Loans held for sale
  
 
  
 
Single family loans, excluding loans transferred from held for investment
  
Fair value is based on observable market data, including:
 
•       Quoted market prices, where available
 
•       Dealer quotes for similar loans
 
•       Forward sale commitments
  
Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
 
 
When not derived from observable market inputs, fair value is based on discounted cash flows, which considers the following inputs:
•       Benchmark yield curve
  
•       Estimated discount spread to the benchmark yield curve
 
•       Expected prepayment speeds
 
Estimated fair value classified as Level 3.
Mortgage servicing rights
  
 
  
 
Single family MSRs
  
For information on how the Company measures the fair value of its single family MSRs, including key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of fair value to changes in those assumptions, see Note 7, Mortgage Banking Operations.
  
Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.
Derivatives
  
 
  
 
Eurodollar futures
 
Fair value is based on closing exchange prices.
 
Level 1 recurring fair value measurement.
Interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaptions
Forward sale commitments
 
Fair value is based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments, when available.
 
When quoted prices are not available, fair value is based on internally developed modeling techniques, which require the use of multiple observable market inputs including:
 
•       Forward interest rates
 
•       Interest rate volatilities
 
Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
 
The fair value considers several factors including:

•       Fair value of the underlying loan based on quoted prices in the secondary market, when available. 

•       Value of servicing

•       Fall-out factor
 
Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.

 


47

The following table presents the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
(in thousands)
Fair Value at March 31, 2019
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
112,146

 
$
—

 
$
110,302

 
$
1,844

Commercial
30,382

 
—

 
30,382

 
—

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
156,308

 
—

 
156,308

 
—

Commercial
122,969

 
—

 
122,969

 
—

Municipal bonds
351,360

 
—

 
351,360

 
—

Corporate debt securities
18,464

 
—

 
18,371

 
93

U.S. Treasury securities
11,037

 
—

 
11,037

 
—

Agency debentures
9,766

 
—

 
9,766

 
—

Single family mortgage servicing rights
68,250

 
—

 
—

 
68,250

Single family loans held for sale (1)
360,496

 
—

 
355,971

 
4,525

Single family loans held for investment
4,830

 
—

 
—

 
4,830

Derivatives (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eurodollar futures
105

 
105

 
—

 
—

Forward sale commitments
2,797

 
—

 
2,797

 
—

Interest rate swaptions
84

 
—

 
84

 
—

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
14,118

 
—

 
—

 
14,118

Interest rate swaps
12,852

 
—

 
12,852

 
—

Total assets
$
1,275,964

 
$
105

 
$
1,182,199

 
$
93,660

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward sale commitments
$
4,830

 
$
—

 
$
4,830

 
$
—

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
62

 
—

 
—

 
62

Interest rate swaps
4,765

 
—

 
4,765

 
—

Total liabilities
$
9,657

 
$
—

 
$
9,595

 
$
62


(1) Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

48

(in thousands)
Fair Value at December 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
107,961

 
$
—

 
$
107,961

 
$
—

Commercial
34,514

 
—

 
34,514

 
—

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
166,744

 
—

 
166,744

 
—

Commercial
116,674

 
—

 
116,674

 
—

Municipal bonds
385,655

 
—

 
385,655

 
—

Corporate debt securities
19,995

 
—

 
19,995

 
—

U.S. Treasury securities
10,900

 
—

 
10,900

 
—

Agency debentures
9,525

 
—

 
9,525

 
—

Single family mortgage servicing rights
252,168

 
—

 
—

 
252,168

Single family loans held for sale
321,868

 
—

 
319,177

 
2,691

Single family loans held for investment
4,057

 
—

 
—

 
4,057

Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward sale commitments
3,025

 
—

 
3,025

 
—

Interest rate swaptions
203

 
—

 
203

 
—

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
10,289

 
—

 
—

 
10,289

Interest rate swaps
14,566

 
—

 
14,566

 
—

Total assets
$
1,458,144

 
$
—

 
$
1,188,939

 
$
269,205

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eurodollar futures
$
110

 
$
110

 
$
—

 
$
—

Forward sale commitments
5,340

 
—

 
5,340

 
—

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments
5

 
—

 
—

 
5

Interest rate swaps
11,550

 
—

 
11,550

 
—

Total liabilities
$
17,005

 
$
110

 
$
16,890

 
$
5


There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company's Level 3 recurring fair value measurements consist of investment securities available for sale, single family MSRs, single family loans held for investment where fair value option was elected, certain single family loans held for sale, and interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments, which are accounted for as derivatives. For information regarding fair value changes and activity for single family MSRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, see Note 7, Mortgage Banking Operations of this Form 10-Q.

The fair value of interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") considers several factors, including the fair value in the secondary market of the underlying loan resulting from the exercise of the commitment, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan (referred to as the value of servicing) and the probability that the commitment will not be converted into a funded loan (referred to as a fall-out factor). The fair value of IRLCs on loans held for sale, while based on interest rates observable in the market, is highly dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. The significance of the fall-out factor to the fair value measurement of an individual IRLC is generally highest at the time that the rate lock is initiated and declines as closing procedures are performed and the underlying loan gets closer to funding. The fall-out factor applied is based on historical experience. The value of servicing is impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs, and underlying portfolio characteristics. Because these inputs are not observable in market trades, the fall-out factor and value of servicing are considered to be level 3 inputs. The fair value of IRLCs decreases in value upon an increase in the fall-out factor and increases in value upon an increase in the value of servicing. Changes

49

in the fall-out factor and value of servicing do not increase or decrease based on movements in other significant unobservable inputs.

The Company recognizes unrealized gains and losses from the time that an IRLC is initiated until the gain or loss is realized at the time the loan closes, which generally occurs within 30-90 days. For IRLCs that fall out, any unrealized gain or loss is reversed, which generally occurs at the end of the commitment period. The gains and losses recognized on IRLC derivatives generally correlates to volume of single family interest rate lock commitments made during the reporting period (after adjusting for estimated fallout) while the amount of unrealized gains and losses realized at settlement generally correlates to the volume of single family closed loans during the reporting period.

The Company uses the discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of certain loans that have been transferred from held for sale to held for investment and single family loans held for sale when the fair value of the loans is not derived using observable market inputs. The key assumption in the valuation model is the implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve. The implied spread is not directly observable in the market and is derived from third party pricing which is based on market information from comparable loan pools. The fair value estimate of these certain single family loans that have been transferred from held for sale to held for investment and these certain single family loans held for sale is sensitive to changes in the benchmark interest rate which might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The Company transferred certain loans from held for sale to held for investment. These loans were originated as held for sale loans where the Company had elected fair value option. The Company determined these loans to be level 3 recurring assets as the valuation technique included a significant unobservable input. The total amount of held for investment loans where fair value option election was made was $4.8 million and $4.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


50


The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of certain investment securities available for sale.

(dollars in thousands)
At March 31, 2019
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale (1)
$
1,937

 
Income approach
 
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
 
2.00%
 
2.00%
 
2.00%
(1)
In conjunction with adopting ASU 2017-12 in the first quarter of 2019, we transferred $66.2 million HTM securities to AFS, therefore we did not have any similar activity in March 31, 2018.

The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of single family loans held for investment where fair value option was elected.

(dollars in thousands)
At March 31, 2019
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment, fair value option
$
4,830

 
Income approach
 
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
 
3.76%
 
4.91%
 
4.35%

(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2018
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment, fair value option
$
4,057

 
Income approach
 
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
 
3.34%
 
5.15%
 
4.20%


The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of certain single family loans held for sale where fair value option was elected.

(dollars in thousands)
At March 31, 2019
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale, fair value option
$
4,525

 
Income approach
 
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
 
4.26%
 
4.96%
 
4.63%
 
 
 
 
 
Market price movement from comparable bond
 
0.82%
 
0.92%
 
0.87%

(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2018
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale, fair value option
$
2,691

 
Income approach
 
Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve
 
4.26%
 
4.96%
 
4.40%
 
 
 
 
 
Market price movement from comparable bond
 
0.71%
 
1.09%
 
0.90%


51


The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments.

(dollars in thousands)
At March 31, 2019
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments, net
$
14,056

 
Income approach
 
Fall-out factor
 
—%
 
67.25%
 
12.45%
 
 
 
 
 
Value of servicing
 
0.58%
 
1.79%
 
1.09%

(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2018
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Input
 
Low
 
High
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments, net
$
10,284

 
Income approach
 
Fall-out factor
 
—%
 
67.92%
 
19.84%
 
 
 
 
 
Value of servicing
 
0.54%
 
1.64%
 
0.93%


The following table present fair value changes and activity for Level 3 investment securities available for sale.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Beginning balance
 
Additions
 
Transfers
 
Payoffs/Sales
 
Change in mark to market
 
Ending balance
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale (1)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,379

 
$
(40
)
 
$
(402
)
 
$
1,937

(1)
In conjunction with adopting ASU 2017-12 in the first quarter of 2019, we transferred $66.2 million HTM securities to AFS. therefore we did not have any similar activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The following tables present fair value changes and activity for Level 3 loans held for sale and loans held for investment.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Beginning balance
 
Additions
 
Transfers
 
Payoffs/Sales
 
Change in mark to market
 
Ending balance
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
 
$
2,691

 
$
1,886

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(52
)
 
$
4,525

Loans held for investment
 
4,057

 
725

 
—

 
(3
)
 
51

 
4,830


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Beginning balance
 
Additions
 
Transfers
 
Payoffs/Sales
 
Change in mark to market
 
Ending balance
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
 
$
1,336

 
$
2,045

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(55
)
 
$
3,326

Loans held for investment
 
5,477

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(173
)
 
5,304


 
 
 
 



52

The following table presents fair value changes and activity for Level 3 interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, net
 
$
10,284

 
$
12,925

Total realized/unrealized gains
 
19,665

 
22,514

Settlements
 
(15,893
)
 
(18,763
)
Ending balance, net
 
$
14,056

 
$
16,676


Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets held by the Company are not included in the tables above, but are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include certain loans held for investment and other real estate owned that are carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying collateral, less the estimated cost to sell. The estimated fair values of real estate collateral are generally based on internal evaluations and appraisals of such collateral, which use the market approach and income approach methodologies. All impaired loans are subject to an internal evaluation completed quarterly by management as part of the allowance process.

The fair value of commercial properties are generally based on third-party appraisals that consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income-generating characteristics, adjusted (generally based on unobservable inputs) to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. The Company uses a fair value of collateral technique to apply adjustments to the appraisal value of certain commercial loans held for investment that are collateralized by real estate.

The Company uses a fair value of collateral technique to apply adjustments to the stated value of certain commercial loans held for investment that are not collateralized by real estate. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not apply any adjustment to the appraisal value of OREO.

Residential properties are generally based on unadjusted third-party appraisals. Factors considered in determining the fair value include geographic sales trends, the value of comparable surrounding properties as well as the condition of the property.

These adjustments include management assumptions that are based on the type of collateral dependent loan and may increase or decrease an appraised value. Management adjustments vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each individual property. The quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period-to-period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of the unobservable inputs used. Given these variations, changes in these unobservable inputs are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period.

The following tables present assets that had changes in their recorded fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and assets held at the end of the respective reporting period.

 
At or for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Fair Value of Assets Held at March 31, 2019
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total Gains (Losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment (1)
$
270

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
270

 
$
(4
)
Total
$
270

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
270

 
$
(4
)

 
At or for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Fair Value of Assets Held at March 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total Gains (Losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment (1)
$
607

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
607

 
$
(122
)
Total
$
607

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
607

 
$
(122
)

(1)Represents the carrying value of loans for which adjustments are based on the fair value of the collateral.
 
 

53


Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following presents the carrying value, estimated fair value and the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the Company's financial instruments other than assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
67,690

 
$
67,690

 
$
67,690

 
$
—

 
$
—

Investment securities held to maturity
4,446

 
4,492

 
—

 
4,492

 
—

Loans held for investment
5,341,139

 
5,431,390

 
—

 
—

 
5,431,390

Loans held for sale – multifamily and other
3,982

 
3,982

 
—

 
3,982

 
—

Mortgage servicing rights – multifamily
27,692

 
30,369

 
—

 
—

 
30,369

Federal Home Loan Bank stock
32,533

 
32,533

 
—

 
32,533

 
—

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
$
1,644,768

 
$
1,644,390

 
$
—

 
$
1,644,390

 
$
—

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
599,590

 
601,384

 
—

 
601,384

 
—

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
27,000

 
27,000

 
27,000

 
—

 
—

Long-term debt
125,509

 
113,359

 
—

 
113,359

 
—



 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
57,982

 
$
57,982

 
$
57,982

 
$
—

 
$
—

Investment securities held to maturity
71,285

 
70,546

 
—

 
70,546

 
—

Loans held for investment
5,071,314

 
5,099,960

 
—

 
—

 
5,099,960

Loans held for sale – multifamily and other
25,139

 
25,139

 
—

 
25,139

 
—

Mortgage servicing rights – multifamily
28,328

 
31,168

 
—

 
—

 
31,168

Federal Home Loan Bank stock
45,497

 
45,497

 
—

 
45,497

 
—

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
$
1,579,806

 
$
1,575,139

 
$
—

 
$
1,575,139

 
$
—

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
932,590

 
935,021

 
—

 
935,021

 
—

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
19,000

 
19,021

 
19,021

 
—

 
—

Long-term debt
125,462

 
112,475

 
—

 
112,475

 
—



54

NOTE 10–EARNINGS PER SHARE:

The following table summarizes the calculation of earnings per share.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
5,058

 
$
1,754

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(6,773
)
 
4,112

 
Net (loss) income
$
(1,715
)
 
$
5,866

 
Weighted average shares:
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
27,021,507

 
26,927,464

 
Dilutive effect of outstanding common stock equivalents (1)
163,668

 
231,536

 
Diluted weighted-average number of common stock outstanding
27,185,175

 
27,159,000

 
Basic earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.07

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.15

 
Basic earnings per share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.22

 
Diluted earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.06

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.15

 
Diluted earnings per share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.22

 
 
(1)
Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (due to their antidilutive effect) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were certain stock options and unvested restricted stock issued to key senior management personnel and directors of the Company. The aggregate number of common stock equivalents related to such options and unvested restricted shares, which could potentially be dilutive in future periods, was zero at March 31, 2019 and 53,448 at March 31, 2018.


NOTE 11–LEASES:

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, commercial lending centers, retail deposit branches and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to 20 years, some of which include options which are reasonably certain to be extended. Leases with an initial term of less than a year are not included in the Statement of Financial Condition.

The Company, as sublessor, subleases certain office and retail space in which the terms of the primarily lease and the related subleases end in December 2023. Under all of its executed sublease arrangements, the sublessees are obligated to pay the Company sublease payments of $883 thousand during the remainder of 2019, $1.0 million in 2020, $822 thousand in 2021, $470 thousand in 2022 and $231 thousand in 2023.

The components of lease expense were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
 
Operating lease cost
$
3,951

Finance lease cost:
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets
616

Interest on lease liabilities
94

Short-term lease
4

Variable lease cost
1,768

Sublease income
(339
)
Total lease cost
$
6,094


55

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
Operating cash flows from operating leases
$
4,431

Operating cash flows from finance leases
94

Financing cash flows from finance leases
455

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
 
Operating leases
$
4,836

Finance leases
176



56

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
March 31, 2019
 
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets(1)
$
104,762

Operating lease liabilities (2)
121,997

 


Finance lease right-of-use assets(1)
$
10,783

Finance lease liabilities(2)
11,022

 
 
Weighted Average Remaining lease term in years
 
Operating leases
11.94

Finance leases
13.35

Weighted Average Discount Rate
 
Operating leases
3.48
%
Finance leases
3.51
%

1.) Included in Lease Right of Use Assets and Assets of Discontinued Operations on the Statement of Financial Condition
2.) Included in Lease Liabilities and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations on the Statement of Financial Condition

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
 
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
Year ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
2019 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2019)
 
$
12,808

 
$
1,749

2020
 
15,955

 
2,004

2021
 
14,470

 
1,749

2022
 
13,345

 
667

2023
 
11,411

 
497

2024
 
9,849

 
400

Thereafter
 
73,292

 
7,238

Total lease payments
 
151,130

 
14,304

Less imputed interest
 
29,133

 
3,282

Total
 
$
121,997

 
$
11,022


Future minimum rental payments, prior to the adoption of the new lease guidance, for all non-cancelable leases were as follows at December 31, 2018.
 
(in thousands)
At December 31, 2018
 
 
2019
$
22,770

2020
20,671

2021
18,825

2022
16,418

2023
13,274

2024 and thereafter
40,717

Total minimum payments
$
132,675



NOTE 12–BUSINESS COMBINATIONS:

57

Recent Acquisition Activity
On March 25, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of a branch and its related deposits and loans in San Diego County, from Silvergate Bank along with its business lending team. The purchase accounting remains provisional for the valuation of the acquired loans and will be finalized later this year. The application of the acquisition method of accounting resulted in goodwill of $7.3 million. Pro forma financial information and certain other disclosures for this acquisition have not been presented because it is not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 13–ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):

The following table shows changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax.

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
(15,439
)
 
$
(7,122
)
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards (1)
(2,080
)
 
—

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
9,969

 
(10,000
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
195

 
(176
)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
10,164

 
(10,176
)
Ending balance
$
(7,355
)
 
$
(17,298
)

(1) Reflects the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASU 2018-02 and ASU 2017-12. For additional information see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.


The following table shows the affected line items in the consolidated statements of operations from reclassifications of unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) gain on sale of investment securities available for sale
 
$
(247
)
 
$
222

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(52
)
 
46

Total, net of tax
 
$
(195
)

$
176



NOTE 14–REVENUE:

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606"). We elected to implement Topic 606 using the modified retrospective application, with the cumulative effect recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings at January 1, 2018. Due to immateriality, we had no cumulative effect to record. Since net interest income on financial assets and liabilities is excluded from this guidance, a significant majority of our revenues are not subject to the new guidance.

Our revenue streams that fall within the scope of Topic 606 are presented within noninterest income and are, in general, recognized as revenue as we satisfy our obligation to the customer. Most of the Company's contracts that fall within the scope of this guidance are contracts with customers that are cancelable by either party without penalty and are short-term in nature. These revenues include depositor and other retail and business banking fees, commission income, credit card fees and sales of other real estate owned. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, in scope revenue streams were approximately 2.0% and 2.8% of our total revenues, respectively. As this standard is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements, the Company has omitted certain disclosures in ASU 2014-09, including the disaggregation of revenue table. In-scope noninterest revenue streams are discussed below.

58


Depositor and other retail and business banking fees
Depositor and other retail banking fees consist of monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company's performance obligation for these fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided.
Commission Income
Commission income primarily consists of revenue received on insurance policies and monthly investment management fees earned where the Company has acted as an intermediary between customers and the insurance carriers or investment advisers.
Under Topic 606, the commissions received at the inception of the policy should be deferred and recognized over the course of the policy. The company's performance obligation for commissions is generally satisfied, and the related revenue generally recognized, over the course of the policy or over the period in which the services are provided, generally monthly.
Credit Card Fees
The Company offers credit cards to its customers through a third party and earns a fee on each transaction and a fee for each new account activation on a net basis. Revenue is recognized on a one-month lag when cash is received for these fees which does not vary materially from recognizing revenue over the period the services are performed.
Sale of Other Real Estate Owned
A gain or loss, the difference between the cost basis of the property and its sale price, on other real estate owned is recognized when the performance obligation is met, which is at the time the property title is transferred to the buyer.



59

NOTE 15–RESTRUCTURING:

In the first quarter of 2019, in connection with the Board of Directors approved plan of exit of our stand-alone home loan-center based mortgage origination business and related mortgage servicing, the Company made a plan to restructure certain aspects of its infrastructure and back office operations. The Company plans to realign back office staffing, which will result in certain severance and other employee related costs, and amended certain system contracts in order to improve the Company's efficiency. These employees and systems primarily supported the Company's legacy mortgage banking activities.

Prior to this, in 2017, in response to changing market conditions and forecasts, we implemented restructuring plans in the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency. In June 2018, the Company implemented another restructuring plan in the legacy Mortgage Banking segment to further reduce operating costs and improve profitability.

Restructuring charges consist of facility-related costs and severance costs and are included in the occupancy and the salaries and related costs line items on our consolidated statement of operations for the applicable period for continuing operations and are included in the income (loss) from discontinued operations on our consolidated statement of operations for the applicable period for discontinued operations.

The following tables summarize the restructuring charges, the restructuring costs paid or settled during the first quarter of 2018 and 2019 and the Company's net remaining liability balance at March 31, 2019 for both continuing and discontinued operations.
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Facility-related costs
 
Personnel-related costs
 
Other costs
 
Total
 
Facility-related costs
 
Personnel-related costs
 
Other costs
 
Total
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31,
 
$
1,604

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,604

 
$
1,386

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,386

Restructuring charges (recoveries)
 
(96
)
 
—

 
128

 
32

 
(291
)
 
—

 
—

 
(291
)
Costs paid or otherwise settled
 
(101
)
 
—

 
—

 
(101
)
 
(375
)
 
—

 
—

 
(375
)
Balance at March 31,
 
$
1,407

 
$
—

 
$
128

 
$
1,535

 
$
720

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
720

 



NOTE 16–SUBSEQUENT EVENT:

On April 4, 2019 the Company announced that the Bank executed a definitive agreement for Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. (“Homebridge”) to acquire the assets of up to 50 stand-alone, satellite, and fulfillment offices related to the Bank's home loan center based single family mortgage origination business, and to make offers of employment to certain of HomeStreet's related personnel (the "Transaction"). Homebridge has agreed to a purchase price of the net book value of the acquired assets, which is approximately $4.9 million, plus a premium of $1.0 million, which may be reduced by up to $2.0 million for reimbursement by HomeStreet of certain transaction expenses incurred by Homebridge, as well as the assumption of certain home loan center and fulfillment office lease obligations. In the event Homebridge realizes a certain level of mortgage loan originations for the twelve months following the closing of the Transaction, HomeStreet will be entitled to an additional payment of up to $1.0 million at that time.
The Transaction remains subject to certain employee and branch office state licensing requirements and other customary closing conditions, and is expected to be substantially completed in the second quarter of 2019.



60

ITEM 2
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes presented elsewhere in this report and in HomeStreet, Inc.'s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The following discussion contains certain forward-looking statements, which are statements of expectations and not statements of historical fact. Many forward-looking statements can be identified as using words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "should," "will" and "would" and similar expressions (or the negative of these terms). Such statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company and are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in Item 1A of Part II, "Risk Factors," that could cause actual results to differ significantly from those projected. Although we believe that expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We undertake no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any such obligation to update, or clarify any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or changes to future results over time of otherwise, except as required by law. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Except as otherwise noted, references to "we," "our," "us" or "the Company" refer to HomeStreet, Inc. and its subsidiaries that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes. Statements of knowledge, intention or belief reflect those characteristics of our executive management team based on current facts and circumstances.

You may review a copy of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including exhibits and any schedule filed therewith on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, such as HomeStreet, Inc., that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of our Securities Exchange Act reports also are available from our investor relations website, http://ir.homestreet.com. Information contained in or linked from our websites is not incorporated into and does not constitute a part of this report.




61

Summary Financial Data
 
At or for the Three Months Ended
 
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Mar. 31, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
Sept. 30,
2018
 
June 30,
2018
 
Mar. 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income statement data (for the period ended):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
$
47,557

 
$
48,910

 
$
47,860

 
$
47,745

 
$
45,448

 
Provision for credit losses
1,500

 
500

 
750

 
1,000

 
750

 
Noninterest income
8,092

 
10,382

 
10,650

 
8,405

 
7,096

 
Noninterest expense
47,846

 
47,892

 
47,914

 
49,964

 
49,471

 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
6,303

 
10,900

 
9,846

 
5,186

 
2,323

 
Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations
1,245

 
(1,575
)
 
1,757

 
1,015

 
569

 
Income from continuing operations
5,058

 
12,475

 
8,089

 
4,171

 
1,754

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes
(8,440
)
 
3,959

 
4,561

 
3,641

 
5,449

 
Income tax (benefit) expense from discontinued operations
(1,667
)
 
1,207

 
815

 
713

 
1,337

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(6,773
)
 
2,752

 
3,746

 
2,928

 
4,112

 
Net (loss) income
$
(1,715
)
 
$
15,227

 
$
11,835

 
$
7,099

 
$
5,866

 
Basic income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.46

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.15

 
$
0.07

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.10

 
0.14

 
0.11

 
0.15

 
Basic (loss) income per common share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.56

 
$
0.44

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.22

 
Diluted income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.46

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.15

 
$
0.06

 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.10

 
0.14

 
0.11

 
0.15

 
Diluted (loss) income per common share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.56

 
$
0.44

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.22

 
Common shares outstanding
27,038,257

 
26,995,348

 
26,989,742

 
26,978,229

 
26,972,074

 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
27,021,507

 
26,993,885

 
26,985,425

 
26,976,892

 
26,927,464

 
Diluted
27,185,175

 
27,175,522

 
27,181,688

 
27,156,329

 
27,159,000

 
Shareholders' equity per share
$
27.63


$
27.39


$
26.48


$
26.19


$
25.99

 
Financial position (at period end):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
67,690

 
$
57,982

 
$
59,006

 
$
176,218

 
$
66,289

 
Investment securities
816,878

 
923,253

 
903,685

 
907,457

 
915,483

 
Loans held for sale
56,928

 
77,324

 
103,763

 
110,258

 
112,442

 
Loans held for investment, net
5,345,969

 
5,075,371

 
5,026,301

 
4,883,310

 
4,758,261

 
Loan servicing rights
95,942

 
103,374

 
101,843

 
88,419

 
90,972

 
Other real estate owned
838

 
455

 
751

 
752

 
297

 
Total assets
7,171,405

 
7,042,221

 
7,029,082

 
7,163,877

 
6,924,056

 
Deposits
5,178,334

 
4,888,558

 
4,943,545

 
4,901,164

 
4,803,674

 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
599,590

 
932,590

 
816,591

 
1,008,613

 
851,657

 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
27,000

 
19,000

 
55,000

 
—

 
25,000

 
Shareholders' equity
$
747,031

 
$
739,520

 
$
714,782

 
$
706,459

 
$
700,963

 
Financial position (averages):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities
$
891,813

 
$
917,300

 
$
915,439

 
$
911,678

 
$
915,562

 
Loans held for investment
5,236,387

 
5,035,953

 
4,945,065

 
4,836,644

 
4,641,980

 
Total interest-earning assets
6,471,930

 
6,460,666

 
6,457,129

 
6,369,673

 
6,093,430

 
Total interest-bearing deposits
4,145,778

 
4,212,150

 
4,110,179

 
4,046,297

 
3,834,191

 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
833,478

 
828,648

 
838,569

 
943,539

 
858,451

 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
47,778

 
26,421

 
15,192

 
5,253

 
7,333

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
5,159,853

 
5,192,654

 
5,094,216

 
5,121,085

 
4,825,265

 
Shareholders' equity
$
750,466

 
$
733,969

 
$
760,446

 
$
751,593

 
$
717,742

 


62

Summary Financial Data (continued)

 
At or for the Three Months Ended
 
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Mar. 31, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
Sept. 30,
2018
 
June 30,
2018
 
Mar. 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial performance, continuing and discontinued (7):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average shareholders' equity (1)
(0.91
)%
 
8.30
%
 
6.23
%
 
3.78
%
 
3.27
%
 
Return on average assets
(0.10
)%
 
0.86
%
 
0.66
%
 
0.40
%
 
0.35
%
 
Net interest margin (2)
3.11
 %
 
3.19
%
 
3.20
%
 
3.25
%
 
3.25
%
 
Efficiency ratio (3)
100.66
 %
 
84.64
%
 
86.19
%
 
91.84
%
 
92.20
%
 
Asset quality:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
$
44,536


$
42,913


$
41,854

 
$
40,982

 
$
40,446

 
Allowance for loan losses/total loans (4)
0.80
 %

0.81
%

0.80
%
 
0.80
%
 
0.81
%
 
Allowance for loan losses/nonaccrual loans
271.99
 %
 
356.92
%
 
419.57
%
 
409.97
%
 
359.32
%
 
Total nonaccrual loans (5)(6)
$
15,874

 
$
11,619

 
$
9,638

 
$
9,630

 
$
10,879

 
Nonaccrual loans/total loans
0.29
 %

0.23
%

0.19
%

0.20
%
 
0.23
%
 
Other real estate owned
$
838


$
455


$
751


$
751

 
$
297

 
Total nonperforming assets (6)
$
16,712


$
12,074


$
10,389


$
10,381

 
$
11,176

 
Nonperforming assets/total assets
0.23
 %
 
0.17
%
 
0.15
%
 
0.14
%
 
0.16
%
 
Net (recoveries) charge-offs
$
(123
)
 
$
(559
)
 
$
(122
)
 
$
464

 
$
(580
)
 
Regulatory capital ratios for the Bank:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
11.17
 %
 
10.15
%
 
9.70
%
 
9.72
%
 
9.58
%
 
Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
14.88
 %
 
13.82
%
 
13.26
%
 
12.69
%
 
12.30
%
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
14.88
 %
 
13.82
%
 
13.26
%
 
12.69
%
 
12.30
%
 
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
15.77
 %
 
14.72
%
 
14.15
%
 
13.52
%
 
13.09
%
 
Regulatory capital ratios for the Company:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
10.73
 %
 
9.51
%
 
9.17
%
 
9.18
%
 
9.08
%
 
Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
12.62
 %
 
11.26
%
 
10.84
%
 
10.48
%
 
9.26
%
 
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
13.68
 %
 
12.37
%
 
11.94
%
 
11.56
%
 
10.28
%
 
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
14.58
 %
 
13.27
%
 
12.82
%
 
12.38
%
 
10.97
%
 

(1)
Net earnings available to common shareholders divided by average shareholders' equity.
(2)
Net interest income divided by total average interest-earning assets on a tax equivalent basis.
(3)
Noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income and noninterest income).
(4)
Includes loans acquired with bank acquisitions. Excluding acquired loans, allowance for loan losses /total loans was 0.86%, 0.85%, 0.84%, 0.85% and 0.87% at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.
(5)
Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status when they are 90 or more days past due, unless payment is insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
(6)
Includes $1.7 million, $1.9 million, $1.4 million, $1.4 million and $1.7 million of nonperforming loans guaranteed by the SBA at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.
(7)
Consolidated operations include both continuing and discontinued operations.


63

 
At or for the Three Months Ended
 
(in thousands)
Mar. 31, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
Sept. 30,
2018
 
June 30,
2018
 
Mar. 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans serviced for others:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily DUS® (1)
$
1,435,036


$
1,458,020


$
1,442,727

 
$
1,357,929

 
$
1,323,937

 
Other
86,561


84,457


83,308

 
82,083

 
81,436

 
Single family
6,052,394


20,151,735


19,804,263

 
19,073,176

 
23,219,576

 
Total loans serviced for others
$
7,573,991

 
$
21,694,212

 
$
21,330,298

 
$
20,513,188

 
$
24,624,949

 
(1) Fannie Mae Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program ("DUS"®) is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae.

64

About Us

HomeStreet is a diversified financial services company founded in 1921, headquartered in Seattle, Washington, serving customers primarily on the West Coast of the United States, including Hawaii.

HomeStreet, Inc. is a bank holding company that has elected to be treated as a financial holding company. Our primary subsidiaries are HomeStreet Bank (which we sometimes refer to as the "Bank") and HomeStreet Capital Corporation ("HSC"). We also sell insurance products and services for consumer clients under the name HomeStreet Insurance.

HomeStreet Bank is a Washington state-chartered commercial bank providing commercial and consumer loans, mortgage loans, deposit products, non-deposit investment products, private banking and cash management services and other banking services. Our loan products include commercial business loans and agriculture loans, consumer loans, single family residential mortgages, loans secured by commercial real estate and construction loans for residential and commercial real estate projects. HomeStreet Bank also has partial ownership in WMS Series LLC, an affiliated business arrangement with various owners of Windermere Real Estate Company franchises that operates a single family mortgage origination business from select Windermere Real Estate Offices known as Penrith Home Loans.

HSC, a Washington corporation, sells and services multifamily mortgage loans originated by HomeStreet Bank under the Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program ("DUS®")1.

We generate revenue by earning net interest income and noninterest income. Net interest income is primarily the interest income we earn on loans and investment securities, less the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings. We also earn noninterest income from the origination, sale and servicing of loans and from fees earned on deposit services and investment and insurance sales.

We are in the process of substantially changing our business as part of our long-term strategic plan to become a leading West Coast regional commercial bank. In the first quarter of 2019, we undertook a series of related actions to significantly further this goal.
 
In February 2019, the Company announced that based on mortgage market conditions and the current operating environment for the mortgage business—including an increasing rate environment that has reduced demand for refinance mortgages, a decrease in home affordability in several of the Company's major markets, higher costs driven in part by differences in regulatory oversight between bank and non-bank mortgage lenders and increased competition that has lowered profitability— HomeStreet Bank intended to seek a buyer for its stand-alone home loan centers ("HLC") and related mortgage servicing rights.

During the remainder of the quarter, we focused on fulfilling that goal, culminating in a series of transactions that are expected to substantially reduce the Company's single family mortgage operations. On March 29, 2019, HomeStreet Bank successfully closed and settled two sales of the rights to service an aggregate of $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balances of single family mortgage loans for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, representing 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio as of December 31, 2018. The Company expects to finalize the servicing transfer for these loans in the second and third quarters of 2019 and is subservicing these loans until the transfer date.

This mortgage servicing rights sale combined with the expectation that the Company would shortly enter into an agreement to sell the HLCs led the Company's Board of Directors to adopt a Resolution of Exit or Disposal of HLC Based Mortgage Banking Operations on March 31, 2019, pursuant to which the Company will sell or abandon the assets and personnel associated with the HLC based business. The assets being sold or abandoned largely represent the majority of the Company's prior Mortgage Banking segment, the activities of which related to originating, servicing, underwriting, funding and selling single family residential mortgage loans. The Company does expect to continue to originate mortgages through its bank locations, online banking and affinity relationships, but will have substantially smaller single family lending operations integrated with the commercial and consumer banking business.

The sale of a substantial portion of the Bank's single family mortgage servicing rights, the adoption of a Resolution of Exit or Disposal and the expected entry into an agreement to sell the HLCs constitutes a strategic shift from being a large-scale home-loan center based originator and servicer to a substantially smaller originator and servicer with a bank-focused product offering. This strategic shift, meets the requirements to be considered discontinued operations of the Company. The discontinued mortgage banking operations will be reported as held-for-sale or as discontinued operations and separately from continuing operations. The Mortgage Banking operating segment and reporting unit has been eliminated and the remaining personnel, assets and liabilities of the segment were incorporated into other operations of the Company.

1 DUS® is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae
65
 



As anticipated, shortly after the end of the first fiscal quarter, on April 4, 2019 the Company entered into an agreement to sell the HLC-based mortgage origination business assets and transfer related personnel to Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. ("Homebridge"). Assets being sold to Homebridge include up to 50 HLC, satellite and fulfillment offices and the transfer of related mortgage personnel. Homebridge has agreed to a purchase price of the net book value of the acquired assets, which is approximately $4.9 million, plus a premium of $1.0 million, which may be reduced by up to $2.0 million for reimbursement by HomeStreet of certain transaction expenses incurred by Homebridge, as well as the assumption of certain home loan center and fulfillment office lease obligations. In the event Homebridge realizes a certain level of loan originations for the twelve months following the closing of the Asset Sale, HomeStreet will be entitled to an additional payment of up to $1.0 million at that time.
 
These HLCs, along with certain other mortgage banking related assets and liabilities that are expected to be sold or abandoned separately within one year, are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain components of the Company's Mortgage Banking segment, including MSRs on certain mortgage loans that were not sold as part of the Homebridge sale or the MSR sales described above and are related to previously sold loans, have been classified as continuing operations in the financial statements because they remain part of the Company's ongoing operations.
Included in net loss for the first quarter of 2019 was $9.6 million of loss on exit or disposal and restructuring-related expenses, net of tax, associated with costs related to the plan of exit or disposal. Of the estimated range of total loss on disposal and restructuring costs of approximately $19.5 million to $24.2 million reported in our press release dated April 4, 2019, we recognized $12.9 million in the first quarter of 2019. These costs include severance and benefit related expenses of $1.1 million; facilities, information technology and related expenses of $10.7 million; and $1.1 million of other expenses.
The recent decision to exit the HLC-based mortgage banking business was made only after we felt we had exhausted opportunities to improve performance, and aligns with our long-term strategic goal of reducing the impact of this cyclical and volatile earnings stream. Our remaining single family mortgage origination and servicing business will be reported within continuing operations, it will be substantially smaller, and will be focused on our retail deposit customers and regional markets, and positioned for ongoing profitability.

In connection with this series of transactions, we will be eliminating approximately 100 corporate overhead function positions prior to year-end 2019, primarily during the second and third quarters. We notified affected employees in April, in part to provide transparency and communicate proactively with our employees, but expect to retain enough employees to help us complete the process of closing the sale of the HLC-based business, transferring servicing and winding down the remaining HLC-based mortgage operations not sold to Homebridge during those quarters.

We have also taken additional steps to reduce total corporate expenses in light of the substantial reduction in the size and complexity of our operations. Our infrastructure was built to support an organization of more than 2,000 employees, two business segments, and growing assets at a compound annual growth rate in excess of 20%. We are executing on an enterprise-wide efficiency improvement project intended to analyze and improve all of our corporate expenses and business processes. As part of this project, we established initiatives to renegotiate contracts and reduce costs related to occupancy and technology. We have taken the further step of engaging an outside consulting firm that specializes in cost management and revenue enhancement to assist us in taking a more critical look at the organization and provide ways to further reduce our costs and improve our efficiency.


In addition to exiting the HLC-based mortgage banking business, in the first quarter of 2019 we also continued to grow our commercial and consumer banking network. We acquired a branch in San Marcos, San Diego County as well as the business lending team of Silvergate Bank in San Diego. We opened two de novo deposit branches in San Jose and Santa Clara, California, and as of March 31, 2019, after giving effect to those branch additions, we had 36 retail branches in the Puget Sound area, 19 retail branches in California and four retail branches each in both Hawaii and Oregon. Our branch network is primarily located in large metropolitan markets of the Western United States which promotes convenience for our customers, and together with the growth of commercial and consumer account deposits at our existing branches, helps build our market share. While we continue to be focused on the growth and strength of our commercial and consumer banking business, as of the second quarter of 2019 we have temporarily suspended future de novo deposit branch openings to slow our growth as we focus on our strategy of improved efficiency and profitability.




66



Management's Overview of First Quarter of 2019 Financial Performance

Results for the first quarter of 2019 reflect the effect of the adoption of a plan of exit or disposal with respect to the stand alone home loan center based mortgage origination and related servicing businesses.
 
At or for the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Percent Change
 
 (in thousands, except per share data and ratios)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected statement of operations data
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue (1)
$
55,649

 
$
52,544

 
6
 %
 
Total noninterest expense
47,846

 
49,471

 
(3
)%
 
Provision for credit losses
1,500

 
750

 
100
 %
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
6,303

 
2,323

 
171
 %
 
Income tax expense for continuing operations
1,245

 
569

 
119
 %
 
Income from continuing operations
5,058

 
1,754

 
188
 %
 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes
(8,440
)
 
5,449

 
(255
)%
 
Income tax (benefit) expense for discontinued operations
(1,667
)
 
1,337

 
(225
)%
 
(Loss) income for discontinued operations
(6,773
)
 
4,112

 
(265
)%
 
Net (loss) income
$
(1,715
)
 
$
5,866

 
(129
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial performance
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted income per share for continuing operations
$
0.19

 
$
0.06

 
 
 
Diluted (loss) income per share for discontinued operations
(0.25
)
 
0.15

 
 
 
Diluted (loss) income per share
$
(0.06
)
 
$
0.22

 
 
 
Return on average common shareholders' equity
(0.91
)%
 
3.27
%
 
 
 
Return on average assets
(0.10
)%
 
0.35
%
 
 
 
Net interest margin
3.11
 %
 
3.25
%
 
 
 
(1)
Total net revenue is net interest income and noninterest income.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company had a net loss of $1.7 million, which includes both continuing and discontinued operations, compared to net income of $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to the $9.6 million of loss on exit or disposal and restructuring-related expenses, net of tax, taken in the quarter. The decrease is partially offset by a reduction in noninterest expense as a result of our 2017 and 2018 cost savings initiatives and an increase in net interest income primarily due to growth in loans held for investment.

Net income from continuing operations in the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to an increase in net interest income. To a lesser extent, the increase also relates to an increase in noninterest income and a reduction in noninterest expense as a result of our 2017 and 2018 cost savings initiatives.

As of March 31, 2019, we had 63 retail deposit branches, 32 primary stand-alone home loan centers and four primary commercial loan centers. We also have one stand-alone insurance office. We expect the majority of our primary stand-alone home loan centers to be acquired by Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. prior to the end of the second quarter pursuant to the Purchase and Assumption Agreement we entered into on April 4, 2019.



67

Regulatory Matters

Under the Basel III standards, the Company and Bank's Tier 1 leverage, common equity risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital ratios are as follows.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
 
 
HomeStreet, Inc.
 
HomeStreet Bank
 
 
Ratio
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
 
10.73
%
 
11.17
%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
12.62

 
14.88

Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
13.68

 
14.88

Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
14.58

 
15.77



 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 
HomeStreet, Inc.
 
HomeStreet Bank
 
 
Ratio
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
 
9.51
%
 
10.15
%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
11.26

 
13.82

Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
12.37

 
13.82

Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
13.27

 
14.72


As part of our ongoing balance sheet and capital management, in the first quarter of 2019, HomeStreet Bank executed two definitive agreements with different buyers to sell a significant portion of its single family MSRs. The series of transactions provided for the sale of the rights to service an aggregate of approximately $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, which represented approximately 71% of HomeStreet’s total single family mortgage loans serviced for others as of December 31, 2018. In addition to increasing certain regulatory capital ratios, this action provided additional regulatory capital to support the continued growth of our commercial and consumer banking business and accelerate the diversification of the Company's net income.

The Company and the Bank remain above current "well-capitalized" regulatory minimums.


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our results of operations and financial condition because they require that we use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Certain of these policies are critical because they require management to make subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies govern:
•
Allowance for Loan Losses
•
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Single Family Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs")

These policies and estimates are described in further detail in Part II, Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


68

Results of Operations
 
Average Balances and Rates

Average balances, together with the total dollar amounts of interest income and expense, on a tax equivalent basis related to such balances and the weighted average rates, were as follows.

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(in thousands)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
58,650

 
$
184

 
1.27
%
 
$
79,026

 
$
179

 
0.92
%
Investment securities
891,813

 
6,048

 
2.71
%
 
915,562

 
6,086

 
2.65
%
Loans held for sale (4)
285,080

 
3,344

 
4.69
%
 
456,862

 
4,653

 
4.10
%
Loans held for investment
5,236,387

 
63,034

 
4.82
%
 
4,641,980

 
51,458

 
4.47
%
Total interest-earning assets
6,471,930

 
72,610

 
4.50
%
 
6,093,430

 
62,376

 
4.12
%
Noninterest-earning assets (2)(4)
721,795

 
 
 
 
 
656,823

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
7,193,725

 
 
 
 
 
$
6,750,253

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits: (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing demand accounts
$
375,530

 
$
375

 
0.41
%
 
$
441,363

 
$
440

 
0.40
%
Savings accounts
240,900

 
150

 
0.25
%
 
293,108

 
230

 
0.31
%
Money market accounts
1,932,317

 
5,803

 
1.21
%
 
1,860,678

 
3,448

 
0.74
%
Certificate accounts
1,597,031

 
8,153

 
2.07
%
 
1,239,042

 
3,844

 
1.24
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
4,145,778

 
14,481

 
1.41
%
 
3,834,191

 
7,962

 
0.83
%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
833,478

 
5,614

 
2.69
%
 
858,451

 
3,636

 
1.70
%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
47,778

 
304

 
2.54
%
 
7,333

 
32

 
1.76
%
Other borrowings
7,339

 
94

 
5.15
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
Long-term debt
125,480

 
1,744

 
5.56
%
 
125,290

 
1,584

 
5.07
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
5,159,853

 
22,237

 
1.74
%
 
4,825,265

 
13,214

 
1.10
%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities (4)
1,283,406

 
 
 
 
 
1,207,246

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
6,443,259

 
 
 
 
 
6,032,511

 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity
750,466

 
 
 
 
 
717,742

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
7,193,725

 
 
 
 
 
$
6,750,253

 
 
 
 
Net interest income (3)
 
 
$
50,373

 
 
 
 
 
$
49,162

 
 
Net interest spread
 
 
 
 
2.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.02
%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources
 
 
 
 
0.35
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.23
%
Net interest margin
 
 
 
 
3.11
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.25
%
(1)
The average balances of nonaccrual assets and related income, if any, are included in their respective categories.
(2)
Includes loan balances that have been foreclosed and are now reclassified to OREO.
(3)
Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities of $670 thousand and $702 thousand for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated federal statutory tax rate was 21% for the periods presented.
(4)
Includes average balances of discontinued operations, which were impractical to remove. For the periods presented, the net interest margin related to discontinued operations is immaterial.
 
 



69

Interest on Nonaccrual Loans

We do not include interest collected on nonaccrual loans in interest income. When we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse the accrued but unpaid interest, which reduces interest income for the period in which the reversal occurs and we stop amortizing any net deferred fees (which are normally amortized over the life of the loan). Additionally, if interest is received on nonaccrual loans, the interest collected on the loan is recognized as an adjustment to the cost basis of the loan. The net decrease to interest income due to adjustments made for nonaccrual loans, including the effect of additional interest income that would have been recorded during the period if the loans had been accruing, was $525 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and $332 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Net Income
Net income, which includes both continuing and discontinued operations, decreased from the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to the $9.6 million of loss on exit or disposal and restructuring-related expenses, net of tax, taken in the quarter. The decrease is partially offset by a reduction in noninterest expense as a result of our cost savings initiatives and an increase in net interest income primarily due to growth in loans held for investment.

Net Income from Continuing Operations
Net income from continuing operations increased from the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to an increase in net interest income. To a lesser extent, the increase also relates to an increase in noninterest income and a reduction in noninterest expense as a result of our 2017 and 2018 cost savings initiatives.
Net Income from Discontinued Operations
Net loss from discontinued operations was $6.8 million compared to the first quarter of 2018 net income of $4.1 million. This decrease is primarily due to $9.6 million, net of tax, in loss on exit or disposal and restructuring related expenses, a decline in single family mortgage net gain on loan origination and sale activities primarily driven by the cyclical decline in mortgage loan production and the continuing reductions in our sales force. This decrease was partially offset by reduced commissions on lower closed loan volume, savings associated with lower headcount and other savings related to our prior cost savings initiatives.

Net Interest Income

Our profitability depends significantly on net interest income, which is the difference between income earned on our interest-earning assets, primarily loans and investment securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Our interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of deposits and borrowed funds, including our outstanding trust preferred securities, senior unsecured notes and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB").

Net interest income on a tax equivalent basis for the first quarter of 2019 was $50.4 million, an increase of $1.2 million, or 2.5%, from the first quarter of 2018. The increase from 2018 was primarily due to growth of loans held for investment. The net interest margin for the first quarter of 2019 decreased to 3.11% from 3.25% for the same period in 2018. The flattening yield curve has adversely affected our net interest margin as a result of the yield on our interest earning assets increasing more slowly than the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities, which are more closely tied to short-term interest rates as compared to our interest earning assets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, total average interest-earning assets increased $378.5 million, or 6.2% from the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of organic loan growth.

Total interest income of $72.6 million on a tax equivalent basis in the first quarter of 2019 increased $10.2 million, or 16.4%, from $62.4 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily the result of higher average balances of loans held for investment, which increased $594.4 million, or 12.8%, from the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Total interest expense in the first quarter of 2019 increased $9.0 million, or 68.3% from $13.2 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase resulted from higher rates on interest-bearing deposits, FHLB advances and wholesale deposits including brokered CDs as market interest rates rise.


70

Provision for Credit Losses

Our provision for credit losses was $1.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to provision for credit losses of $750 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in the provision for credit losses from the first quarter of 2018 was primarily due to higher net loan portfolio growth and lower net recoveries during the quarter.

Net recoveries were $123 thousand in the first three months of 2019 compared to net recoveries of $580 thousand in the first three months of 2018. Overall, the allowance for loan losses (which excludes the allowance for unfunded commitments) was 0.80% and 0.81% of loans held for investment at March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Excluding loans acquired through business combinations, the allowance for loan losses was 0.86% of loans held for investment at March 31, 2019 compared to 0.87% at March 31, 2018.

For a more detailed discussion on our allowance for loan losses and related provision for loan losses, see Credit Risk Management within Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income from continuing operations consisted of the following.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain on loan origination and sale activities (1)
$
2,607

 
$
1,447

 
$
1,160

 
80
 %
 
Loan servicing income
1,043

 
908

 
135

 
15

 
Depositor and other retail banking fees
1,745

 
1,937

 
(192
)
 
(10
)
 
Insurance agency commissions
625

 
543

 
82

 
15

 
(Loss) gain on sale of investment securities available for sale
(247
)
 
222

 
(469
)
 
(211
)
 
Other
2,319

 
2,039

 
280

 
14

 
Total noninterest income
$
8,092

 
$
7,096

 
$
996

 
14
 %
 
(1)
Excluding discontinued operations

The increases in noninterest income in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 is primarily attributable to higher net gain on loan origination and sale activities from an increase in non-Fannie Mae DUS® CRE sales.


71

The significant components of our noninterest income are described in greater detail as follows.


Gain on loan origination and sale activities consisted of the following.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family held for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing value and secondary market gains (1)
$
31,843

 
$
41,427

 
$
(9,584
)
 
(23
)%
 
Loan origination and administrative fees
3,645

 
5,445

 
(1,800
)
 
(33
)
 
Total gain on single family held for sale
35,488

 
46,872

 
(11,384
)
 
(24
)
 
Multifamily DUS®
534

 
1,146

 
(612
)
 
(53
)
 
SBA
375

 
301

 
74

 
25

 
CRE Non-DUS®
1,751

 
—

 
1,751

 
NM

 
Single Family (2)
(53
)
 
—

 
(53
)
 
NM

 
Gain on loan origination and sale activities
$
38,095

 
$
48,319

 
$
(10,224
)
 
(21
)%
 
NM = not meaningful
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Comprised of gains and losses on interest rate lock commitments (which considers the value of servicing), single family loans held for sale, forward sale commitments used to economically hedge secondary market activities, and changes in the Company's repurchase liability for loans that have been sold.
(2)
Loans originated as held for investment

Loans Serviced for Others

(in thousands)
 
Mar. 31, 2019
 
Dec. 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
 
 
Multifamily DUS® (1)
 
$
1,435,036

 
$
1,458,020

Other
 
86,561

 
84,457

Total commercial loans serviced for others
 
1,521,597

 
1,542,477

 
 
 
 
 
Single family (2)
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency
 
5,450,159

 
19,541,450

Other
 
602,235

 
610,285

Total single family loans serviced for others
 
6,052,394

 
20,151,735

Total loans serviced for others
 
$
7,573,991

 
$
21,694,212

 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Fannie Mae Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program ("DUS"®) is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae.
(2)
Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

72


Loan servicing income consisted of the following.


 
 
Quarter Ended
(in thousands)
 
Mar. 31, 2019
 
Mar. 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loan servicing income, net:
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees and other
 
$
2,419

 
$
1,957

Amortization of capitalized MSRs
 
(1,376
)
 
(1,049
)
Commercial loan servicing income
 
1,043

 
908

 
 
 
 
 
Single family servicing income, net:(4)
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees and other
 
14,938

 
16,494

Changes in fair value of single family MSRs due to amortization (1)
 
(8,983
)
 
(8,870
)
 
 
5,955

 
7,624

Risk management, single family MSRs:(4)
 
 
 
 
Changes in fair value of MSR due to changes in model inputs and/or assumptions (2)
 
(5,278
)
(3) 
30,019

Net gain (loss) from derivatives economically hedging MSR
 
3,683

 
(30,977
)
 
 
(1,595
)
 
(958
)
Single Family servicing income
 
4,360

 
6,666

Total loan servicing income
 
$
5,403

 
$
7,574

 
 
 
 
 
  
(1)
Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.
(2)
Principally reflects changes in model assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in mortgage interest rates.
(3)
Includes pre-tax income of $774 thousand, net of transaction costs and prepayment reserves, for the first quarter of 2019 sales of single family MSRs.
(4)
Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

The decrease in loans serviced for others was primarily due to the sale of single family mortgages serviced for others with aggregate unpaid principal balance ("UPB") of $14.26 billion. We entered into two separate transactions with two different parties to sell these assets, both of which were settled on March 29, 2019, and therefore these sales did not materially impact servicing income for the quarter. The assets sold in the first sale were comprised of mortgage servicing rights related to single family mortgage loans held by or pooled in securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with an aggregate UPB of approximately $9.89 billion, and the assets sold in the second sale were mortgage servicing rights related to single family mortgage loans pooled in Ginnie Mae mortgage backed securities with an aggregate UPB of approximately $4.37 billion. Mortgage servicing fees collected in the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased compared to the same period in 2018 primarily as a result of the sale of mortgage servicing rights in the second quarter of 2018. Our loans serviced for others portfolio was $7.57 billion at March 31, 2019 compared to $21.69 billion at December 31, 2018 and $24.62 billion at March 31, 2018.

The decrease in loan servicing income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily due to a lower average UPB of loans serviced for others as a result of our sale of single family mortgage servicing rights in the second quarter of 2018 and lower risk management results. The lower risk management results were primarily driven by a more volatile interest rate environment, the continued flattening of the yield curve, and increased negative convexity cost.

MSR risk management results represent changes in the fair value of single family MSRs due to changes in model inputs and assumptions net of the gain/(loss) from derivatives economically hedging MSRs. The fair value of MSRs is sensitive to changes in interest rates, primarily due to the effect on prepayment speeds. MSRs typically increase in value when interest rates rise because rising interest rates tend to decrease mortgage prepayment speeds, and therefore increase the expected life of the net servicing cash flows of the MSR asset. Certain other changes in MSR fair value relate to factors other than interest rate changes and are generally not within the scope of the Company's MSR economic hedging strategy. These factors may include but are not limited to the impact of changes to the housing price index, prepayment model assumptions, the level of home sales activity, changes to mortgage spreads, valuation discount rates, costs to service and policy changes by U.S. government agencies.

Depositor and other retail banking fees for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased from the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to refunding the overpayment of certain consumer overdraft fees.

73


The following table presents the composition of depositor and other retail banking fees for the periods indicated.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monthly maintenance and deposit-related fees
$
689

 
$
811

 
$
(122
)
 
(15
)%
 
Debit Card/ATM fees
997

 
1,068

 
(71
)
 
(7
)
 
Other fees
64

 
66

 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
Total depositor and other retail banking fees
$
1,750

 
$
1,945

 
$
(195
)
 
(10
)%
 

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense from continuing operations consisted of the following.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Dollar 
Change
 
Percent
Change
 
(in thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and related costs
$
25,279

 
$
27,205

 
$
(1,926
)
 
(7
)%
 
General and administrative
8,182

 
8,366

 
(184
)
 
(2
)
 
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
333

 
406

 
(73
)
 
(18
)
 
Legal
(204
)
 
704

 
(908
)
 
(129
)
 
Consulting
1,408

 
682

 
726

 
106

 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments
821

 
861

 
(40
)
 
(5
)
 
Occupancy
4,968

 
4,530

 
438

 
10

 
Information services
7,088

 
6,810

 
278

 
4

 
Net cost (benefit) of operation and sale of other real estate owned
(29
)
 
(93
)
 
64

 
(69
)
 
Total noninterest expense
$
47,846

 
$
49,471

 
$
(1,625
)
 
(3
)%
 
 
 
The decrease in noninterest expense in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily due to savings associated with lower headcount, along with reductions in non-personnel costs from our cost savings initiatives and a $672 thousand legal expense reimbursement.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate of 19.8% for the first quarter of 2019 differed from the Federal blended state statutory tax rate of 23.6% primarily due to the benefit we received from tax-exempt interest income.


Review of Financial Condition – Comparison of March 31, 2019 to December 31, 2018

Total assets were $7.17 billion at March 31, 2019 compared to $7.04 billion at December 31, 2018, an increase of $129.2 million, or 2%.

Cash and cash equivalents were $67.7 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $58.0 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $9.7 million, or 17%.

Investment securities were $816.9 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $923.3 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $106.4 million.


74

We primarily hold investment securities for liquidity purposes, while also creating a relatively stable source of interest income. We designated the majority of these securities as available for sale. We designated securities having a carrying value of $4.4 million at March 31, 2019 as held to maturity.

The following table details the composition of our investment securities available for sale by dollar amount and as a percentage of the total available for sale securities portfolio.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Percent
 
Fair Value
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
112,146

 
14
%
 
$
107,961

 
13
%
Commercial
30,382

 
4

 
34,514

 
4

Municipal bonds
351,360

 
44

 
385,655

 
45

Collateralized mortgage obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
156,308

 
19

 
166,744

 
20

Commercial
122,969

 
15

 
116,674

 
14

Corporate debt securities
18,464

 
2

 
19,995

 
2

U.S. Treasury securities
11,037

 
1

 
10,900

 
1

Agency debentures
9,766

 
1

 
9,525

 
1

Total investment securities available for sale
$
812,432

 
100
%
 
$
851,968

 
100
%
 
Loans held for sale were $56.9 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $77.3 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $20.4 million, or 26%. Loans held for sale primarily include single family residential loans, typically sold within 30 days of closing the loan. The decrease in the loans held for sale balance was primarily due to an increase in loans sales in the first quarter of 2019.

The following table details the composition of our loans held for investment, net portfolio by dollar amount and as a percentage of our total loan portfolio. 
 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
1,348,554

 
25
%
 
$
1,358,175

 
27
%
Home equity and other
585,167

 
11

 
570,923

 
11

 
1,933,721

 
36

 
1,929,098

 
38

Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
780,939

 
15

 
701,928

 
14

Multifamily
939,656

 
17

 
908,015

 
18

Construction/land development
837,279

 
16

 
794,544

 
16

 
2,557,874

 
48

 
2,404,487

 
48

Commercial and industrial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
450,450

 
8

 
429,158

 
8

Commercial business
421,534

 
8

 
331,004

 
6

 
871,984

 
16

 
760,162

 
14

Total loans before allowance, net deferred loan fees and costs
5,363,579

 
100
%
 
5,093,747

 
100
%
Net deferred loan fees and costs
25,566

 
 
 
23,094

 
 
 
5,389,145

 
 
 
5,116,841

 
 
Allowance for loan losses
(43,176
)
 
 
 
(41,470
)
 
 
 
$
5,345,969

 
 
 
$
5,075,371

 
 
 

75

(1)
Includes $4.8 million and $4.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes in value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Loans held for investment, net increased $270.6 million, or 5.3%, from December 31, 2018. Included in the increase for the quarter were $86.4 million of acquired commercial and industrial loans and $23.5 million of acquired non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. During the quarter, new commitments totaled $546.5 million and included $133.3 million of consumer loans, $45.0 million of non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, $141.7 million of multifamily permanent loans, $79.4 million of commercial and industrial loans and $147.0 million of construction loans. New commitments for construction loans included $88.8 million in residential construction, $50.9 million in single family custom home construction and $7.3 million in multifamily construction.

Mortgage servicing rights were $95.9 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $103.4 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $7.4 million, or 7.2%. During the second quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019, the Company sold the rights to service approximately $4.90 billion and $14.26 billion, respectively, of unpaid principal balance of our single family mortgage loans serviced for others.

Federal Home Loan Bank stock was $32.5 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $45.5 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $13.0 million, or 28.5%. FHLB stock is carried at par value and can only be purchased or redeemed at par value in transactions between the FHLB and its member institutions. Cash dividends received on FHLB stock are reported in earnings.

Other assets were $171.8 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $173.4 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 1.0%.

Deposit balances were as follows for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)
 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing accounts - checking and savings
 
$
683,840

 
13
%
 
$
612,540

 
12
%
Interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
 
415,402

 
8

 
376,137

 
8

Statement savings accounts due on demand
 
241,747

 
4

 
245,795

 
5

Money market accounts due on demand
 
2,014,662

 
38

 
1,935,516

 
38

Total interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits
 
2,671,811

 
50

 
2,557,448

 
51

Total transaction and savings deposits
 
3,355,651

 
63

 
3,169,988

 
63

Certificates of deposit
 
1,644,768

 
30

 
1,579,806

 
31

Noninterest-bearing accounts - other(1)
 
397,015

 
7

 
301,614

 
6

Total deposits
 
$
5,397,434

 
100
%
 
$
5,051,408

 
100
%

(1)
Includes $219.1 million and $162.8 million in servicing deposits related to discontinued operations for the periods ended March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

 
Deposits at March 31, 2019 increased $289.8 million, or 5.9%, from December 31, 2018. The increase in deposits from December 31, 2018 was primarily driven by an increase in consumer deposits. The increase was a result of competitive rates offered on CDs and money markets accounts as well as the implementation of a pro-active pricing strategy in connection with large balances of maturing CDs and rate sensitive CD products. The increase also included $74.5 million in deposits related to the acquisition of a retail deposit branch in San Marcos, San Diego County, California from Silvergate Bank, which was completed in the first quarter of 2019, including $42.7 million of noninterest-bearing accounts and $31.8 million of money market and savings accounts. Consumer deposit growth can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, therefore, the Company has undertaken initiatives to offer more competitive products and rates.

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250 thousand at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $113.9 million and $85.3 million, respectively. There were $731.8 million and $786.1 million of brokered deposits at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


76

Federal Home Loan Bank advances were $599.6 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $932.6 million at December 31, 2018. We use these borrowings primarily to fund single family loans held for sale and secondarily to fund our investment security activities. The reduction in advances was largely offset by an increase in lower cost brokered deposits, which were priced more attractively following the recent short-term interest rate increases.


Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' equity was $747.0 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $739.5 million at December 31, 2018. This increase was primarily related to other comprehensive income of $10.2 million, partially offset by a net loss of $1.7 million and a share-based compensation expense recovery of $452 thousand recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Other comprehensive income (loss) represents unrealized gains and losses, net of tax in the valuation of our available for sale investment securities portfolio at March 31, 2019.

Shareholders' equity, on a per share basis, was $27.63 per share at March 31, 2019, compared to $27.39 per share at December 31, 2018.

Return on Equity and Assets

The following table presents certain information regarding our returns on average equity and average total assets.
 
 
At or For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on assets (1)(4)
(0.10
)%
 
0.35
%
 
Return on equity (2)(4)
(0.91
)%
 
3.27
%
 
Equity to assets ratio (3)
10.43
 %
 
10.63
%
 
(1)
Net income divided by average total assets.
(2)
Net earnings divided by average common shareholders' equity.
(3)
Average equity divided by average total assets.
(4)
Net income includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we are a party to financial instruments that carry off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments (which include commitments to originate loans and commitments to purchase loans) include potential credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. These transactions are designed to (1) meet the financial needs of our customers, (2) manage our credit, market or liquidity risks, (3) diversify our funding sources and/or (4) optimize capital.

For more information on off-balance sheet arrangements, including derivative counterparty credit risk, see the Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies discussions within Part II, Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 13, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 8, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Enterprise Risk Management

Like many financial institutions, we manage and control a variety of business and financial risks that can significantly affect our financial performance. Among these risks are credit risk; market risk, which includes interest rate risk and price risk; liquidity risk; and operational risk. We are also subject to risks associated with compliance/legal, strategic and reputational matters.
For more information on how we manage these business, financial and other risks, see the discussion in "Enterprise Risk Management" within Part II, Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

77

Credit Risk Management

The following discussion highlights developments since December 31, 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the "Credit Risk Management" within Part II, Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Asset Quality and Nonperforming Assets

Credit quality remained strong with nonperforming assets remaining low at $16.7 million, or 0.23% of total assets at March 31, 2019, compared to $12.1 million, or 0.17% of total assets at December 31, 2018. The increase from December 31, 2018 was primarily due to a downgrade of one SBA 504 construction loan of $4.7 million to nonaccrual regarding which construction is complete, the business is operating, and the underlying real estate is contracted for sale. We believe this loan is sufficiently collateralized to avoid potential losses.

Nonaccrual loans were $15.9 million, or 0.29% of total loans at March 31, 2019, an increase of $4.3 million, or 36.6%, from $11.6 million, or 0.23% of total loans at December 31, 2018. Delinquency rates (excluding FHA/VA insured and guaranteed portion of SBA loans) were 0.37% at March 31, 2019 compared to 0.26% at December 31, 2018; the increase was primarily related to the increase in nonaccrual loans.  

Net recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $123 thousand compared to net recoveries of $580 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2019, our loans held for investment portfolio, net of the allowance for loan losses, was $5.35 billion, an increase of $270.6 million from December 31, 2018. The allowance for loan losses was $43.2 million, or 0.80% of loans held for investment, compared to $41.5 million, or 0.81% of loans held for investment at December 31, 2018.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a provision for credit losses of $750 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Management considers the current level of the allowance for loan losses to be appropriate to cover estimated losses inherent within our loans held for investment portfolio.

For information regarding the activity on our allowance for credit losses, which includes the reserves for unfunded commitments, and the amounts that were collectively and individually evaluated for impairment, see Part I, Item 1 Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 4, Loans and Credit Quality, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The following tables present the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for impaired loans, broken down by those with and those without a specific reserve.
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid Principal
Balance (2)
 
Related
Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans with no related allowance recorded
$
82,400

(1) 
$
84,354

 
$
—

Loans with an allowance recorded
2,497

 
2,505

 
241

Total
$
84,897

(1) 
$
86,859

 
$
241

 
 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid Principal
Balance (2)
 
Related
Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
Loans with no related allowance recorded
$
71,237

(1) 
$
73,113

 
$
—

Loans with an allowance recorded
1,847

 
1,847

 
233

Total
$
73,084

(1) 
$
74,960

 
$
233

(1)
Includes $67.2 million and $65.8 million in single family performing troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2)
Unpaid principal balance does not include partial charge-offs, purchase discounts and premiums or nonaccrual interest paid. Related allowance is calculated on net book balances not unpaid principal balances.


78

The Company had 353 impaired loan relationships totaling $84.9 million at March 31, 2019 and 349 impaired loan relationships totaling $73.1 million at December 31, 2018. Included in the total impaired loan amounts were 325 single family TDR loan relationships totaling $69.5 million at March 31, 2019 and 320 single family TDR loan relationships totaling $67.6 million at December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, there were 317 single family impaired loan relationships totaling $67.2 million that were performing per their current contractual terms. Additionally, the impaired loan balance, at March 31, 2019, included $53.9 million of loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. The average recorded investment in these loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $79.0 million compared to $80.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Impaired loans of $2.5 million and $1.8 million had a valuation allowance of $241 thousand and $233 thousand at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of the incurred credit losses inherent within our loan
portfolio. For further discussion related to credit policies and estimates see "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates —
Allowance for Loan Losses" within Part II, Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


79

The following table presents the allowance for credit losses, including reserves for unfunded commitments, by loan class.

 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Loan
Category
as a % of
Total Loans (1)
 
Amount
 
Percent of
Allowance
to Total
Allowance
 
Loan
Category
as a % of
Total Loans (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
8,190

 
18
%
 
25
%
 
$
8,217

 
19
%
 
27
%
Home equity and other
7,791

 
18

 
11

 
7,712

 
18

 
11

 
15,981

 
36

 
36

 
15,929

 
37

 
38

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
6,176

 
14

 
15

 
5,496

 
13

 
14

Multifamily
6,360

 
14

 
17

 
5,754

 
13

 
18

Construction/land development
9,651

 
22

 
16

 
9,539

 
22

 
16

 
22,187

 
50

 
48

 
20,789

 
48

 
48

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
3,304

 
7

 
8

 
3,282

 
8

 
8

Commercial business
3,064

 
7

 
8

 
2,913

 
7

 
6

 
6,368

 
14

 
16

 
6,195

 
15

 
14

Total allowance for credit losses
$
44,536

 
100
%
 
100
%
 
$
42,913

 
100
%
 
100
%
(1)
Excludes loans held for investment balances that are carried at fair value.


The following tables present the composition of TDRs by accrual and nonaccrual status.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Accrual
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
67,175

 
$
2,347

 
$
69,522

Home equity and other
1,124

 
—

 
1,124

 
68,299

 
2,347

 
70,646

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily
488

 
—

 
488

Construction/land development
—

 
4,675

 
4,675

 
488

 
4,675

 
5,163

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
6,674

 
—

 
6,674

Commercial business
81

 
—

 
81

 
6,755

 
—

 
6,755

 
$
75,542

 
$
7,022

 
$
82,564

(1)
Includes loan balances insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA of $53.9 million at March 31, 2019.


80

 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Accrual
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
Single family (1)
$
65,835

 
$
1,740

 
$
67,575

Home equity and other
1,237

 
—

 
1,237

 
67,072

 
1,740

 
68,812

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily
492

 
—

 
492

Construction/land development
726

 
—

 
726

 
1,218

 
—

 
1,218

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
846

 
—

 
846

Commercial business
103

 
164

 
267

 
949

 
164

 
1,113

 
$
69,239

 
$
1,904

 
$
71,143

(1)
Includes loan balances insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA of $52.4 million at December 31, 2018.

The Company had 346 loan relationships classified as TDRs totaling $82.6 million at March 31, 2019 with no related unfunded commitments. The Company had 343 loan relationships classified as TDRs totaling $71.1 million at December 31, 2018 with $15 thousand in related unfunded commitments. TDR loans within the loans held for investment portfolio and the related reserves are included in the impaired loan tables above.

Delinquent loans and other real estate owned by loan type consisted of the following.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
Nonaccrual
 
90 Days or 
More Past Due and Accruing
 
Total
Past Due
Loans
 
Other
Real Estate
Owned
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
5,872

 
$
5,416

 
$
7,882

 
$
29,273

(1) 
$
48,443

 
$
838

Home equity and other
654

 
97

 
967

 
—

 
1,718

 
—

 
6,526

 
5,513

 
8,849

 
29,273

 
50,161

 
838

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-owner occupied commercial loans
—

 
—

 
11

 
—

 
11

 
—

Multifamily
144

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
144

 
—

Construction/land development
—

 
—

 
4,746

 
—

 
4,746

 
—

 
144

 
—

 
4,757

 
—

 
4,901

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied commercial real estate
—

 
2,038

 
364

 
—

 
2,402

 
—

Commercial business
—

 
—

 
1,904

 
—

 
1,904

 
—

 
—

 
2,038

 
2,268

 
—

 
4,306

 
—

Total
$
6,670

 
$
7,551

 
$
15,874

 
$
29,273

 
$
59,368

 
$
838

 

(1)
FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss. At March 31, 2019, these past due loans totaled $29.3 million.


81

 
At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
Nonaccrual
 
90 Days or 
More Past Due and Accruing
 
Total
Past Due
Loans
 
Other
Real Estate
Owned
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family
$
9,725

 
$
3,653

 
$
8,493

 
$
39,116

(1) 
$
60,987

 
$
455

Home equity and other
145

 
100

 
948

 
—

 
1,193

 
—

 
9,870

 
3,753

 
9,441

 
39,116

 
62,180

 
455

Commercial real estate loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction/land development
—

 
—

 
72

 
—

 
72

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
72

 
—

 
72

 
—

Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner occupied commercial real estate
—

 
—

 
374

 
—

 
374

 
—

Commercial business
—

 
—

 
1,732

 
—

 
1,732

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,106

 
—

 
2,106

 
—

Total
$
9,870

 
$
3,753

 
$
11,619

 
$
39,116

 
$
64,358

 
$
455

 

(1)
FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss. At December 31, 2018, these past due loans totaled $39.1 million.

Loan Underwriting Standards

Our underwriting standards for single family and home equity loans require evaluating and understanding a borrower's credit, collateral and ability to repay the loan. Credit is determined based on how well a borrower manages their current and prior debts, documented by a credit report that provides credit scores and the borrower's current and past information about their credit history. Collateral is based on the type and use of property, occupancy and market value, largely determined by property appraisals or evaluations in accordance with our appraisal policy. A borrower's ability to repay the loan is based on several factors, including employment, income, current debt, assets and level of equity in the property. We also consider loan-to-property value and debt-to-income ratios, amount of liquid financial reserves, loan amount and lien position in assessing whether to originate a loan. Single family and home equity borrowers are particularly susceptible to downturns in economic trends that negatively affect housing prices, demand and levels of unemployment.

For commercial, multifamily and construction loans, we consider the same factors with regard to the borrower and the guarantors. In addition, we evaluate liquidity, net worth, leverage, other outstanding indebtedness of the borrower, the amount of cash expected to flow through the borrower (including the outflow to other lenders) and our prior experience with the borrower. We use this information to assess financial capacity, profitability and experience. Ultimate repayment of these loans is sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions, liquidity and availability of long-term financing.

Additional considerations for commercial permanent loans secured by real estate:

Our underwriting standards for commercial permanent loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio for these loans not exceed 75% of appraised value or discounted cash flow value, as appropriate, and that commercial properties attain debt coverage ratios (net operating income divided by annual debt servicing) of 1.25 or better.

Our underwriting standards for multifamily residential permanent loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio for these loans not exceed 80% of appraised value, cost, or discounted cash flow value, as appropriate, and that multifamily residential properties attain debt coverage ratios of 1.15 or better. However, underwriting standards can be influenced by competition and other factors. We endeavor to maintain the highest practical underwriting standards while balancing the need to remain competitive in our lending practices.



82

Additional considerations for commercial construction loans secured by real estate:

We originate a variety of real estate construction loans. Underwriting guidelines for these loans vary by loan type but include loan-to-value limits, term limits, loan advance limits and pre-leasing requirements, as applicable.

Our underwriting guidelines for commercial real estate construction loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio not exceed 75% and attain a stabilized debt coverage ratio of 1.25 or better.

Our underwriting guidelines for multifamily residential construction loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio not exceed 80% and attain a stabilized debt coverage ratio of 1.20 or better.

Our underwriting guidelines for single family residential construction loans to builders generally require that the loan-to-value ratio not exceed 85%.

As noted above, underwriting standards can be influenced by competition and other factors. However, we endeavor to maintain the highest practical underwriting standards while balancing the need to remain competitive in our lending practices.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity risk management is primarily intended to ensure we are able to maintain sources of cash to adequately fund operations and meet our obligations, including demands from depositors, draws on lines of credit and paying any creditors, on a timely and cost-effective basis, in various market conditions. Our liquidity profile is influenced by changes in market conditions, the composition of the balance sheet and risk tolerance levels. HomeStreet, Inc., HSC and the Bank have established liquidity guidelines and operating plans that detail the sources and uses of cash and liquidity.

HomeStreet, Inc., HSC and the Bank have different funding needs and sources of liquidity and separate regulatory capital requirements.

HomeStreet, Inc.

The main source of liquidity for HomeStreet, Inc. is proceeds from dividends from the Bank and HSC. HomeStreet, Inc. has raised capital through the issuance of common stock, senior debt and trust preferred securities. Additionally, we also have an available line of credit from which we can borrow up to $30.0 million. At March 31, 2019, we did not have an outstanding balance on this line of credit.

Historically, the main cash outflows have been distributions to shareholders, interest and principal payments to creditors and payments of operating expenses. HomeStreet, Inc.'s ability to pay dividends to shareholders depends substantially on dividends received from the Bank. We do not currently pay a dividend, and our most recent special dividend to shareholders was declared during the first quarter of 2014. We are generally deploying our capital toward strategic growth, and at this time our Board of Directors has not authorized the payment of a dividend.

On April 4, 2019, HomeStreet, Inc. announced a stock repurchase program of up to $75.0 million of our common stock. Repurchases may be made at management’s discretion from time to time in accordance with all applicable securities and other laws and regulations. The extent to which we repurchase our shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will depend upon a variety of factors, including liquidity, capital needs of the business, market conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations. The Bank approved a dividend to HomeStreet, Inc. of up to $75.0 million funded by a portion of the surplus capital created by the sales of mortgage servicing rights in the first quarter which will be the primary source of liquidity to fund repurchases under this program, although repurchases may be funded from one or a combination of existing cash balances, free cash flow and other available liquidity sources. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any minimum dollar amount or number of shares and may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time.

HomeStreet Capital Corporation

HomeStreet Capital generates positive cash flow from operations from its servicing fee income on the DUS® portfolio, net of its costs to service the DUS® portfolio. Additional uses are HomeStreet Capital's costs to purchase the servicing rights on new production from the Bank. Minimum liquidity and reporting requirements for DUS® lenders such as HomeStreet Capital are set

83

by Fannie Mae. HomeStreet Capital's liquidity management therefore consists of meeting Fannie Mae requirements and its own operational requirements.

HomeStreet Bank

The Bank's primary sources of funds include deposits, advances from the FHLBs, repayments and prepayments of loans, proceeds from the sale of loans and investment securities, interest from our loans and investment securities and capital contributions from HomeStreet, Inc. We have also raised short-term funds through the sale of securities under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased. While scheduled principal repayments on loans are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit inflows and outflows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and competition. The Bank uses the primary liquidity ratio as a measure of liquidity. The primary liquidity ratio is defined as net cash, short-term investments and other marketable assets as a percent of net deposits and short-term borrowings. At March 31, 2019, our primary liquidity ratio was 19.1% compared to 19.4% at December 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Bank had available borrowing capacity of $690.2 million and $492.7 million, respectively, from the FHLB, and $280.1 million and $333.5 million, respectively, from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

84

Cash Flows

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $9.1 million compared to a decrease of $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The following discussion highlights the major activities and transactions that affected our cash flows during these periods.

Cash flows from operating activities

The Company's operating assets and liabilities are used to support our lending activities, including the origination and sale of mortgage loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash of $12.2 million was used in operating activities, primarily from the recognition of deferred taxes from the sale of mortgage servicing rights and the net fair value adjustment and gain on sale of loans held for sale partially offset by cash proceeds from the sale of loans exceeding cash used to fund loans held for sale production. We believe that cash flows from operations, available cash balances and our ability to generate cash through short-term debt are sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash of $107.3 million was provided by operating activities primarily from proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale.

Cash flows from investing activities

The Company's investing activities primarily include available-for-sale securities and loans originated as held for investment. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash of $62.4 million was provided by investing activities, primarily due to $166.3 million in proceeds from the sale of mortgage servicing rights, $148.6 million from proceeds of loans originated as held for investment and $95.0 million proceeds from the sale of investment securities, partially offset by $337.2 million of cash used for the origination of portfolio loans net of principal repayments. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash of $303.9 million was used in investing activities, primarily due to $275.1 million of cash used for the origination of portfolio loans net of principal repayments, $70.0 million of cash used for the purchase of investment securities, and $3.6 million used for the purchase of property and equipment, partially offset by $27.4 million from principal repayments and maturities of investment securities and $16.9 million proceeds from the sale of investment securities.

Cash flows from financing activities

The Company's financing activities are primarily related to customer deposits and net proceeds from FHLB advances. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash of $41.0 million was used in financing activities, primarily due $333.0 million net repayments from FHLB advances, partially offset by $271.5 million growth in deposits. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash of $190.3 million was provided by financing activities, primarily due to $288.0 million of organic growth in deposits, partially offset by $127.5 million net repayments from FHLB advances.

Capital Management

In July 2013, federal banking regulators (including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") and the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") adopted new capital rules (as used in this section, the "Rules"). The Rules apply to both depository institutions (such as the Bank) and their holding companies (such as the Company). The Rules reflect, in part, certain standards initially adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2010 (which standards are commonly referred to as "Basel III") as well as requirements enacted by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"). Since 2015, the Rules have applied to both the Company and the Bank.
The Rules recognize three components, or tiers, of capital: common equity Tier 1 capital, additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. Common equity Tier 1 capital generally consists of retained earnings and common stock instruments (subject to certain adjustments), as well as accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), except to the extent that the Company and the Bank exercise a one-time irrevocable option to exclude certain components of AOCI. Both the Company and the Bank elected this one time option in 2015 to exclude certain components of AOCI. Additional Tier 1 capital generally includes non-cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, subject to certain adjustments and limitations. Tier 2 capital generally includes certain capital instruments (such as subordinated debt) and portions of the amounts of the allowance for loan and lease losses, subject to certain requirements and deductions. The term "Tier 1 capital" means common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital, and the term "total capital" means Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital.
The Rules generally measure an institution's capital using four capital measures or ratios. The leverage ratio is the ratio of the institution's Tier 1 capital to its average total consolidated assets. The common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is the ratio of the institution's common equity Tier 1 capital to its total risk-weighted assets. The Tier 1 risk based capital ratio is the ratio of the

85

institution's total Tier 1 capital to its total risk-weighted assets. The total risk based capital ratio is the ratio of the institution's total capital to its total risk-weighted assets. To determine risk-weighted assets, assets of an institution are generally placed into a risk category and given a percentage weight based on the relative risk of that category. The percentage weights range from 0% to 1250%. An asset's risk-weighted value will generally be its percentage weight multiplied by the asset's value as determined under generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, certain off-balance-sheet items are converted to balance-sheet credit equivalent amounts, and each amount is then assigned to one of the risk categories. An institution's federal regulator may require the institution to hold more capital than would otherwise be required under the Rules if the regulator determines that the institution's capital requirements under the Rules are not commensurate with the institution's credit, market, operational or other risks.
To be classified as "well capitalized," both the Company and the Bank are required to have a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of at least 8.0%, a total risk-based ratio of at least 10.0% and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5.0%. In addition to the preceding requirements, all financial institutions subject to the Rules, including both the Company and the Bank, are required to establish a "conservation buffer" of common equity Tier 1 capital subject to a three year phase-in period that began on January 1, 2016 and would have been fully phased in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5% above the required minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio, the Tier 1 risk-based ratio and the total risk-based ratio. However, in 2017, the FDIC issued a final rule to extend the 2017 transition provision on a go-forward basis, halting certain parts of the full phase in. The required phase-in capital conservation buffer during 2017 was 1.25% and is 1.25% during 2018. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At March 31, 2019, our capital conservation buffers for the Company and the Bank were 6.58% and 7.77%, respectively.
The Rules set forth the manner in which certain capital elements are determined, including but not limited to requiring certain deductions related to mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets. Holding companies with less than $15 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2009 (which includes the Company) are permitted under the rules to continue to include trust preferred securities issued prior to May 19, 2010 in Tier 1 capital, generally up to 25% of other Tier 1 capital. Because our trust preferred securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010, we include those in our Tier 1 capital calculations.
The Rules made changes in the methods of calculating certain risk-based assets, which in turn affects the calculation of risk- based ratios. Higher or more sensitive risk weights are assigned to various categories of assets, including commercial real estate, credit facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property, certain exposures or credits that are 90 days past due or are nonaccrual, foreign exposures, certain corporate exposures, securitization exposures, equity exposures and, in certain cases, MSRs and deferred tax assets.
Certain calculations under the rules related to deductions from capital have phase-in periods through 2018.

Specifically, the capital treatment of MSRs is phased in through the transition periods. Under the prior rules, the Bank deducted 10% of the value of MSRs (net of deferred tax) from Tier 1 capital ratios. However, under Basel III, the Bank and the Company must deduct a much larger portion of the value of MSRs from Tier 1 capital.
•
MSRs (net of deferred tax) in excess of 10% of Tier 1 capital before threshold based deductions must be deducted from common equity. The disallowable portion of MSRs will be phased in incrementally (40% in 2015; 60% in 2016; 80% in 2017 and beyond).
•
In addition, the combined balance of MSRs and deferred tax assets is limited to approximately 15% of the Bank's and the Company's common equity Tier 1 capital. These combined assets must be deducted from common equity to the extent that they exceed the 15% threshold.
•
Any portion of the Bank's and the Company's MSRs that are not deducted from the calculation of common equity Tier 1 is subject to a 100% risk weight.


At March 31, 2019, the Bank's capital ratios continued to meet the regulatory capital category of "well capitalized" as defined by the FDIC's prompt corrective action rules.


86

The following tables present regulatory capital information for HomeStreet, Inc. and HomeStreet Bank.
 
 
At March 31, 2019
HomeStreet Bank
 
Actual
 
For Minimum Capital
Adequacy Purposes
 
To Be Categorized As
"Well Capitalized" Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
(in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
 
$
795,667

 
11.17
%
 
$
284,989

 
4.0
%
 
$
356,236

 
5.0
%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
795,667

 
14.88

 
240,620

 
4.5

 
347,562

 
6.5

Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
795,677

 
14.88

 
320,827

 
6.0

 
427,769

 
8.0

Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
843,468

 
15.77

 
427,769

 
8.0

 
534,712

 
10.0

 
 
At March 31, 2019
HomeStreet, Inc.
 
Actual
 
For Minimum Capital
Adequacy Purposes
 
To Be Categorized As
"Well Capitalized" Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
(in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
 
$
769,783

 
10.73
%
 
$
287,021

 
4.0
%
 
$
358,776

 
5.0
%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
709,821

 
12.62

 
253,188

 
4.5

 
365,716

 
6.5

Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
769,783

 
13.68

 
337,584

 
6.0

 
450,112

 
8.0

Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
820,265

 
14.58

 
450,112

 
8.0

 
562,640

 
10.0

 
 
At December 31, 2018
HomeStreet Bank
 
Actual
 
For Minimum Capital
Adequacy Purposes
 
To Be Categorized As
"Well Capitalized" Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
(in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
 
$
707,710

 
10.15
%
 
$
278,898

 
4.0
%
 
$
348,622

 
5.0
%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
707,710

 
13.82

 
230,471

 
4.5

 
332,902

 
6.5

Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
707,710

 
13.82

 
307,295

 
6.0

 
409,726

 
8.0

Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
753,742

 
14.72

 
409,726

 
8.0

 
512,158

 
10.0


 
 
At December 31, 2018
HomeStreet, Inc.
 
Actual
 
For Minimum Capital
Adequacy Purposes
 
To Be Categorized As
"Well Capitalized" Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
(in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)
 
$
667,301

 
9.51
%
 
$
280,592

 
4.0
%
 
$
350,740

 
5.0
%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
607,388

 
11.26

 
242,832

 
4.5

 
350,757

 
6.5

Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
667,301

 
12.37

 
323,776

 
6.0

 
431,701

 
8.0

Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)
 
715,848

 
13.27

 
431,701

 
8.0

 
539,626

 
10.0


87


Accounting Developments

See the Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for a discussion of Accounting Developments.

88

ITEM 3
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk Management

The following discussion highlights developments since December 31, 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the Market Risk Management discussion within Part II, Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Since December 31, 2018, there have been no material changes in the types of risk management instruments we use or in our hedging strategies.

Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income, fair value measurements and capital to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and other relevant market rates or prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are price and interest rate risks. Price risk is defined as the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from changes in the value of either assets or liabilities that are entered into as part of distributing or managing risk. Interest rate risk is defined as risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates.

For the Company, price and interest rate risks arise from the financial instruments and positions we hold. This includes loans, MSRs, investment securities, deposits, borrowings, long-term debt and derivative financial instruments. Due to the nature of our current operations, we are not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk. Our real estate loan portfolio is subject to risks associated with the local economies of our various markets, in particular, the regional economy of the western United States, including Hawaii.

Our price and interest rate risks are managed by the Bank's Asset/Liability Management Committee ("ALCO"), a management committee that identifies and manages the sensitivity of earnings or capital to changing interest rates to achieve our overall financial objectives. ALCO is a management-level committee whose members include the Chief Investment Officer, acting as the chair, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and other members of management. The committee meets monthly and is responsible for:
•
understanding the nature and level of the Company's interest rate risk and interest rate sensitivity;
•
assessing how that risk fits within our overall business strategies;
•
ensuring an appropriate level of rigor and sophistication in the risk management process for the overall level of risk;
•
complying with and reviewing the asset/liability management policy; and
•
formulating and implementing strategies to improve balance sheet mix and earnings.

The Finance Committee of the Bank's Board provides oversight of the asset/liability management process, reviews the results of interest rate risk analysis and approves submission of the relevant policies to the board.

The spread between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities and the relative dollar amounts of these assets and liabilities are the principal items affecting net interest income. Changes in net interest rates (interest rate risk) are influenced to a significant degree by the repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities (timing risk), the relationship between various rates (basis risk), customer options (option risk) and changes in the shape of the yield curve (time-sensitive risk). We manage the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio while maintaining a balance between risk and return. The Company's funding strategy is to grow core deposits while we efficiently supplement using wholesale borrowings.

We estimate the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates using an interest rate simulation model that includes assumptions related to the level of balance sheet growth, deposit repricing characteristics and the rate of prepayments for multiple interest rate change scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity depends on certain repricing characteristics in our interest-earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the maturity structure of assets and liabilities and their repricing characteristics during the periods of changes in market interest rates. Effective interest rate risk management seeks to ensure both assets and liabilities respond to changes in interest rates within an acceptable timeframe, minimizing the impact of interest rate changes on net interest income and capital. Interest rate sensitivity is measured as the difference between the volume of assets and liabilities, at a point in time, that are subject to repricing at various time horizons, known as interest rate sensitivity gaps.



89

The following table presents sensitivity gaps for these different intervals.
 
 
March 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
3 Mos.
or Less
 
More Than
3 Mos.
to 6 Mos.
 
More Than
6 Mos.
to 12 Mos.
 
More Than
12 Mos.
to 3 Yrs.
 
More Than
3 Yrs.
to 5 Yrs.
 
More Than
5 Yrs.
 
Non-Rate-
Sensitive
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash & cash equivalents
$
67,690

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
67,690

FHLB Stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
32,533

 
—

 
32,533

Investment securities (1)
47,509

 
39,612

 
44,938

 
167,455

 
126,844

 
390,520

 
—

 
816,878

Mortgage loans held for sale (3)
364,478

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
364,478

Loans held for investment (1)
1,621,134

 
399,602

 
557,419

 
1,295,367

 
827,813

 
644,634

 
—

 
5,345,969

Total interest-earning assets
2,100,811

 
439,214

 
602,357

 
1,462,822

 
954,657

 
1,067,687

 
—

 
6,627,548

Non-interest-earning assets
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
543,857

 
543,857

Total assets
$
2,100,811

 
$
439,214

 
$
602,357

 
$
1,462,822

 
$
954,657

 
$
1,067,687

 
$
543,857

 
$
7,171,405

Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts (2)
$
415,402

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
415,402

Statement savings accounts (2)
241,747

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
241,747

Money market
accounts (2)
2,014,662

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,014,662

Certificates of deposit
658,578

 
350,719

 
301,708

 
304,778

 
28,985

 
—

 
—

 
1,644,768

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

FHLB advances
584,000

 
10,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,590

 
—

 
599,590

Other borrowings
27,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
27,000

Long-term debt
60,509

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
65,000

 
—

 
125,509

Total interest-bearing liabilities
4,001,898

 
360,719

 
301,708

 
304,778

 
28,985

 
70,590

 
—

 
5,068,678

Non-interest bearing liabilities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,355,696

 
1,355,696

Equity
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
747,031

 
747,031

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
4,001,898

 
$
360,719

 
$
301,708

 
$
304,778

 
$
28,985

 
$
70,590

 
$
2,102,727

 
$
7,171,405

Interest sensitivity gap
$
(1,901,087
)
 
$
78,495

 
$
300,649

 
$
1,158,044

 
$
925,672

 
$
997,097

 
 
 
 
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap
$
(1,901,087
)
 
$
(1,822,592
)
 
$
(1,521,943
)
 
$
(363,899
)
 
$
561,773

 
$
1,558,870

 
 
 
 
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap as a percentage of total assets
(27
)%
 
(25
)%
 
(21
)%
 
(5
)%
 
8
%
 
22
%
 
 
 
 
Cumulative interest-earning assets as a percentage of cumulative interest-bearing liabilities
52
 %
 
58
 %
 
67
 %
 
93
 %
 
111
%
 
131
%
 
 
 
 

(1)
Based on contractual maturities, repricing dates and forecasted principal payments assuming normal amortization and, where applicable, prepayments.
(2)
Assumes 100% of interest-bearing non-maturity deposits are subject to repricing in three months or less.
(3)
Based on contractual maturity.



90

Changes in the mix of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities can either increase or decrease the net interest margin, without affecting interest rate sensitivity. In addition, the interest rate spread between an earning asset and its funding liability can vary significantly, while the timing of repricing for both the asset and the liability remains the same, thereby impacting net interest income. This characteristic is referred to as basis risk. Varying interest rate environments can create unexpected changes in prepayment levels of assets and liabilities that are not reflected in the interest rate sensitivity analysis. These prepayments may have a significant impact on our net interest margin. Because of these factors, an interest sensitivity gap analysis may not provide an accurate assessment of our actual exposure to changes in interest rates.

The estimated impact on our net interest income over a time horizon of one year and the change in net portfolio value as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are provided in the table below. For the scenarios shown, the interest rate simulation assumes an instantaneous and sustained shift in market interest rates and no change in the composition or size of the balance sheet.

 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Change in Interest Rates
(basis points) (1)
 
Percentage Change
 
Net Interest Income (2)
 
Net Portfolio Value (3)
 
Net Interest Income (2)
 
Net Portfolio Value (3)
+200
 
(4.4
)%
 
(4.5
)%
 
(8.3
)%
 
(13.5
)%
+100
 
(2.0
)
 
(0.9
)
 
(4.1
)
 
(7.0
)
-100
 
1.6

 
(3.8
)
 
5.0

 
(0.8
)
-200
 
1.9
 %
 
(12.4
)%
 
9.0
 %
 
(7.0
)%
 
(1)
For purposes of our model, we assume interest rates will not go below zero. This "floor" limits the effect of a potential negative interest rate shock in a low rate environment like the one we are currently experiencing.
(2)
This percentage change represents the impact to net interest income for a one-year period, assuming there is no change in the structure of the balance sheet.
(3)
This percentage change represents the impact to the net present value of equity, assuming there is no change in the structure of the balance sheet.

At March 31, 2019, we believe our net interest income sensitivity did not exhibit a strong bias to either an increase in interest rates or a decline in interest rates. The changes in interest rate sensitivity between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 reflect the impact of overall balance sheet composition. The changes in sensitivity reflect the impact of both lower market interest rates and changes to overall balance sheet composition. Some of the assumptions made in the simulation model may not materialize and unanticipated events and circumstances will occur. Modeling results in extreme interest rate decline scenarios and may encounter negative rate assumptions which may cause the results to be inherently unreliable. In addition, the simulation model does not take into account any future actions that we could undertake to mitigate an adverse impact due to changes in interest rates from those expected, in the actual level of market interest rates or competitive influences on our deposits.



91

ITEM 4
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our management and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As required by Rule 13a-15(d), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, as disclosed in our financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company sold a significant portion of its single family mortgage servicing rights. The Company’s Board of Directors also authorized the exit or disposal of the Company’s home loan center based origination business which resulted in elimination of segment reporting in the first quarter of 2019. Subsequent to the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company executed a definitive agreement with Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. to sell the assets of up to 50 stand-alone, satellite, and fulfillment offices, which action is related to the Board resolution to exit the Bank’s home loan center-based mortgage origination business. In connection with the adoption of the resolution to exit or dispose of the home loan center-based mortgage business, the sales of single family mortgage servicing rights and entering into a definitive agreement for the sale of assets to Homebridge, the Company adopted discontinued operations accounting for the legacy Mortgage Banking segment. Certain back office infrastructure and operations were also restructured as part of these activities. These combined initiatives, were determined to have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over the financial reporting process. We will continue to monitor internal control over financial reporting throughout the process.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 

ITEM 1
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Because the nature of our business involves the collection of numerous accounts, the validity of liens and compliance with various state and federal lending laws, we are subject to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business related to foreclosures, bankruptcies, condemnation and quiet title actions and alleged statutory and regulatory violations. We are also subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business related to employment matters. We do not expect that these proceedings, taken as a whole, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or our results of operations. There are currently no matters that, in the opinion of management, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operation or liquidity, or for which there would be a reasonable possibility of such a loss based on information known at this time.




92

ITEM 1A
RISK FACTORS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this report.

Risks Related to Our Operations

We may not be able to continue to grow our commercial and consumer banking operations at our recent pace.

Since our initial public offering ("IPO") in February 2012, we have included targeted and opportunistic growth as a key component of our business strategy, and continue to pursue growth strategies for our commercial and consumer banking operations. We have grown our retail deposit branch presence from 20 branches in 2012 to 63 as of March 31, 2019, including expansion into new geographic regions, and have continued to expand our commercial lending operations during that period, resulting in substantial growth overall in total assets, total deposits and total loans. In the first quarter of 2019, we added one branch by acquisition and two de novo branches. However, as the Company is going through the transition of exiting its HLC-based mortgage origination business, the near-term strategic focus is expected to be more on improving efficiency and cost containment. Accordingly, we have determined to temporarily suspend all de novo retail branch openings. This measure, along with other decisions we make as part of our overall focus on improving efficiency and cost, will likely significantly limit our ability to grow our retail deposit bank presence at the same pace that we have grown over recent quarters.

The sale of our Home Loan Center-based mortgage origination business is subject to certain closing conditions, including third party approvals and license requirements, which may not be achieved or may take longer than expected; an inability to meet the closing conditions in a timely manner or at all may result in a termination of the agreement without completion of the transaction and increase the cost of exiting the HLC-based mortgage business. 

On April 4, 2019, HomeStreet Bank entered into a Purchase and Assumption Agreement with Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. for the sale of up to 50 stand-alone home loan center, satellite and operational offices of the Bank (the "HLC Transaction"). In order to complete the HLC Transaction, both the Company and Homebridge have to meet certain closing conditions, including, among other things, having an adequate number of transferring loan officers and loan offices licensed to operate on behalf of an independent mortgage company and receiving consent or approval from certain third parties. If either Homebridge or we are not able to meet these closing conditions in a timely fashion, or at all, the HLC Transaction may be limited to a smaller number of locations or may not be consummated at all. Because HomeStreet has adopted a plan of exit or disposal with respect to these assets and the related personnel, any offices that are not sold will be closed and the employees who are not able to transfer to Homebridge will be terminated by HomeStreet. In the event that some or all of the offices are closed rather than being transferred to Homebridge, the Company may incur additional expenses related to the closure of those offices and termination of those employees, which is likely to have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition and may negatively impact our stock price.

Completing the exit or disposal of our HLC-based mortgage origination business may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected and the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the plan of exit or disposal may not be realized. 

The Company has adopted a plan of exit or disposal with respect to its HLC-based mortgage origination business that contemplates either selling the assets relating to the HLCs and transferring the related employees to the buyer in the HLC Transaction or shutting down those operations and terminating the related employees prior to by June 30, 2019. Completing this plan is expected to take a considerable amount of time and attention of management and staff as we work to achieve the threshold requirements for closing of the HLC Transaction, monitor the possibility that some locations may not transfer, undertake to close any non-transferring location and work with the buyer to transfer assets, technology, information and personnel and enter into a transition services agreement for the buyer to complete the HLC pipeline of loans at the time of closing. It is possible that the exit and disposal could result in substantial disruption of the Company's operations as we may face the unexpected loss of key employees that we rely on to assist with the transition or to work in our continuing operations, disruption of our ongoing businesses, higher than anticipated costs, adverse impacts to our relationships with our customers and employees, or a failure to achieve the anticipated benefits and cost savings. If difficulties with the exit and disposal process are encountered, the anticipated benefits of the HLC Transaction, including the mitigation of exit costs through the expected sale of HLC-related assets, may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. Implementing the plan of exit or disposal will also divert management attention and resources, and could have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to operate efficiently as well as its results of operations and financial condition during the transition period and beyond.


93

Termination of the HLC Transaction could negatively impact the Company. 

Both the Bank and Homebridge have certain rights to terminate the HLC Transaction as to some or all of the HLC assets, including if the transaction is not completed by June 21, 2019. In the event the closing conditions cannot be met, including the requirement that a certain minimum percentage of the loan officers being licensed to originate on behalf of Homebridge and having accepted an offer of employment from Homebridge, the HLC Transaction may not close and Homebridge could terminate the agreement. In the event that the agreement is terminated, we may incur significant additional expense in closing those HLCs that are subject to the plan of exit or disposal without the offset of any purchase price for such assets, and the market price of our common stock could decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the HLC Transaction will be completed in full. In addition, the Company will have incurred substantial costs in connection with negotiating the agreement for the HLC Transaction and completing certain tasks required to be prepared for closing under the HLC Transaction agreement, such as licensing of employees, and would have to recognize those costs without realizing the expected benefits of the HLC Transaction.

Our stock repurchase program may not enhance our long-term shareholder value.
On April 4, 2019, we announced that the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program for up to $75 million of our outstanding common stock, measured as of the date such plan was adopted, March 28, 2019. We cannot be assured that our stock repurchase program will enhance long-term shareholder value. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased, if any, depend on a variety of factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other market conditions. In addition, while we expect to implement this repurchase plan pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan, which allows for trading in closed windows, it cannot be adopted or modified except in an open window period. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program could affect our stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a stock repurchase program could also cause our stock price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, repurchases under our stock repurchase program will diminish our cash reserves, which could impact our ability to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions and could result in lower overall returns on our cash balances. There can be no assurance that any stock repurchases will enhance shareholder value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares of stock. Although our stock repurchase program is intended to enhance long-term shareholder value, short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program's effectiveness.

Even with the expected sale of our home loan center-based mortgage business and related servicing portfolio, we will need to consider additional measures to improve our financial performance.

While the HLC Transaction and MSR Sales are expected to create significant cost savings, generate additional capital for our operations and improve the overall financial health of our organization going forward, the downsizing of those operations combined with the move away from segment reporting will result in an initial increase in overhead expenses for our continuing operations and a corresponding increase in the Company's efficiency ratio (as compared to the efficiency ratio reported in prior quarters for commercial and consumer banking) in the short term. As a result, we will need to undertake additional cost cutting or revenue enhancement measures in order to meet our financial and strategic goals. We may not be successful in reducing our overall expenses and improving our efficiency ratio to the level of our peers in the near term, or at all.

We expect the sale of the assets related to our home loan center-based mortgage banking operations and related mortgage servicing portfolio will be complicated and complex transactions that will require significant attention from management and may incur additional near-term costs associated with the sales.

The proposed sale of the assets related to our home loan center-based mortgage operations and the related portfolio of mortgage servicing rights will require a series of complex transactions relating to the identification of and transfer of mortgage-related assets, the transfer of our unlocked mortgage pipeline, assignment or sublease of a significant number of real estate leases, regulatory approvals, integration of our technology and automation solutions with those of the acquirer, communicating with impacted employees and customers, management of the transfer or termination of a large number of employees in the impacted areas of our operations, rescaling of our corporate and compliance operations to fit the reduced size of our retained mortgage operations and more. Managing these work streams will require significant attention from management and may increase our short-term costs as we incur expenses related to professional services such as outsourced financial advisory, legal and accounting services and costs related to employee retention, severance and outplacement benefits, among other things. These increased costs could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.


94

We adopted discontinued operations reporting with regard to our HLC-based mortgage operations in the first quarter of 2019, which requires us to make certain assumptions regarding allocation of our income and expenses that may not be wholly accurate or that may change in the future. 

Based on our adoption in the first quarter of 2019 of a Plan of Exit or Disposal for our HLC-based mortgage lending operations, the anticipated sale or disposition of substantially all assets related to that business (including 71% of our portfolio of mortgage servicing rights measured as of December 31, 2018), we are required under GAAP to separately report those operations as discontinued operations separately from the continuing operations of the Company for the current and prior comparative periods. This reporting requirement results in a recasting of the financial statements for both current and prior periods based on subjective assumptions about which income and costs are continuing and which are discontinued, which assumptions required a significant amount of judgment from management. Because we will continue to have mortgage operations related to our commercial and consumer banking business, the apportionment of continued and discontinued operations and is not as discrete as it might be in other contexts, such as a divestment. Moreover, it would not be feasible or practical to undertake a comprehensive historical analysis of our operations in prior periods relating to the determination of discontinued operations, therefore management also adopted certain simplifying assumptions in an effort to provide information that deemed more relevant to investors. As a result, our financial reporting for prior years may be less precise than it would otherwise be were we not allocating between continuing and discontinued operations.

In addition, we may find in the future that our assumptions regarding what should have been included in discontinued operations may change or may prove to have been inaccurate, which could result in differences in the amounts reported in the financial statements and related disclosures as continuing and discontinued operations in future periods, including a subsequent recasting of historical periods based on the reallocation of those items. 

We have determined the costs allocated to stranded costs on the basis of our prior corporate overhead segment allocations, which may be less accurate than other approaches in determining which costs should be included in this category.

In our earnings report for the first quarter of 2019, we reported certain of our costs that are not allocable to discontinued operations because they will continue but are not part of our continuing operations as "stranded costs", which is a non-GAAP measure. Those costs identified as stranded costs were estimated in part based on the Company's historical process of allocating corporate overhead costs to the previous business segments. While this approach is reasonable to the Company, a more robust, granular analysis may have resulted in a materially different amount of stranded costs that directly impact the expenses and net income reported for continuing and discontinued operations.

Proxy contests commenced against the Company have caused us to incur substantial costs, divert the attention of the Board of Directors and management, take up management's attention and resources, cause uncertainty about the strategic direction of our business and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, and future proxy contests will do so as well.

In late 2017 through our annual meeting in May 2018, an activist investor, Roaring Blue Lion Capital Management, L.P., and its managing member, Charles W. Griege, Jr., and certain affiliates (the "Blue Lion Parties") engaged in a lengthy proxy fight with respect to the Company in which Mr. Griege and the Blue Lion Parties went to great lengths to try to persuade our shareholders to vote against certain of our directors and proposals. While Blue Lion was not ultimately successful in preventing the election of the Company's nominees, the protracted campaign against the Company was both time-consuming and costly. Although the Company has continued to engage with the Blue Lion Parties on a regular basis as it does with other shareholders, the Blue Lion Parties have provided notice to the Company that they intend to engage in a proxy contest again with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of the Shareholders. We expect the Blue Lion Parties to continue to be critical of the Company's board and management for the foreseeable future.

A proxy contest or other activist campaign and related actions, such as the one discussed above, could have a material and adverse effect on us for the following reasons:

•
Activist investors may attempt to effect changes in the Company's strategic direction and how the Company is governed, or to acquire control over the Company.

•
While the Company welcomes the opinions of all shareholders, responding to proxy contests and related actions by activist investors could be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of our Board of Directors and senior management and employees away from their regular duties and the pursuit of business opportunities. In addition, there may be litigation in connection with a proxy contest, as was the case

95

with our 2018 proxy fight, which would serve as a further distraction to our Board of Directors, senior management and employees and could require the Company to incur significant additional costs.

•
Perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of potential changes to the composition of the Board of Directors may lead to the perception of a change in the strategic direction of the business, instability or lack of continuity which may be exploited by our competitors; may cause concern to our existing or potential customers and employees; may result in the loss of potential business opportunities; and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners.

•
Proxy contests and related actions by activist investors could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.
If we are not able to retain or attract key employees, we could experience a disruption in our ability to implement our strategic plan which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
The Company is going through a time of transition as we seek to divest our HLC-based mortgage business and focus on improved efficiency and slower growth in our continuing operations. This transition has resulted in some uncertainty among our employees as we have also identified a number of corporate positions that will be eliminated as we seek to improve the efficiency of our remaining operations and reduce our overhead expenses, which may cause some employees that we would want to retain, either in the near-term or long-term, to seek other opportunities. If a key employee or a substantial number of employees depart, it may impact our ability to conduct business as usual. The low unemployment rates in many of our primary job markets, including Seattle, may leave us especially vulnerable to the loss of key employees. Similarly, this uncertainty may make it more challenging for us to attract and retain qualified and desirable candidates to fill open positions at the Company. The loss of our key personnel or an inability to continue to attract, retain and motivate key personnel could adversely affect our business.
Our expected sale of the assets related to our home loan center-based mortgage operations could have an adverse impact on our ability to retain certain customers.
Customers or potential customers who are aware of our current strategic direction may decide not to continue to do business with HomeStreet, including seeking out other originators for loans that they have not yet closed or seeking to refinance their existing loan with a different provider. As a result, our mortgage pipeline could fall off sooner than expected, which could impair our financial results for the second quarter. Further, retail customers who are not impacted by a potential sale of the assets related to our home loan center-based mortgage operations may seek to move their deposit accounts away from our institution if they are concerned about the impact of this announcement on our overall operations, our reputation in the community or the future of our organization as a whole. A loss of a substantial number of customers and potential borrowers could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Volatility in mortgage markets, changes in interest rates, competition in our industry, operational costs and other factors beyond our control may adversely impact our profitability.

We have sustained significant losses in the past, and we cannot guarantee that we will remain profitable or be able to maintain profitability at a given level. While we expect to reduce our exposure to the mortgage market by significantly scaling back our mortgage operations, we will still continue to rely on mortgage origination for a portion of our revenues. Challenges in the mortgage market, including an increasing interest rate environment, and a disparity between the supply and demand of houses available for sale, regulatory decisions, increased competition among mortgage originators, a flattening yield curve and other forces of market volatility have the effect of decreasing net interest income, decreasing profitability, increasing the cost of mortgage origination and adversely impacting our hedging strategies. The mortgage banking operations that we expect to retain will still be subject to many of these same pricing and competitive pressures existing in the mortgage industry generally.

We may incur significant losses as a result of ineffective hedging of interest rate risk related to our loans sold with retained servicing rights.

Both the value of our single family mortgage servicing rights, or MSRs, and the value of our single family loans held for sale change with fluctuations in interest rates, among other things, reflecting the changing expectations of mortgage prepayment activity. To mitigate potential losses of fair value of single family loans held for sale and MSRs related to changes in interest rates, we actively hedge this risk with financial derivative instruments. Hedging is a complex process, requiring sophisticated

96

models, experienced and skilled personnel and continual monitoring. Changes in the value of our hedging instruments may not correlate with changes in the value of our single family loans held for sale and MSRs, and our hedging activities may be impacted by unforeseen or unexpected changes, such as the flattening of the yield curve in 2018 at a time when we were rebalancing our hedging position. While we believe that if we significantly reduce the volume of single family loans held for sale and sell off a large portion of our MSRs, our exposure to the risks associated with the impact of interest rate fluctuations on single family loans held for sale and MSRs will decrease but may still have a meaningful impact on our results of operations in mortgage banking. Further, in times of significant financial disruption, as in 2008, hedging counterparties have been known to default on their obligations.

Natural disasters in our geographic markets may impact our financial results.

Each of our primary markets are located in geographic regions that are at a risk for earthquakes, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, floods, mudslides and other natural disasters. Certain communities in our markets have suffered significant losses from natural disasters, including devastating wildfires in California, Oregon and Washington, and volcanic eruptions and hurricanes in Hawaii. While the impact of these recent natural disasters on our business have not been material to date, we have in the past had temporary office closures during these events, and were a more significant disruption to occur in the future, our operations in areas impacted by such disasters could experience an adverse financial impact due to office closures, customers who as a result of their losses may not be able to meet their loan commitments in a timely manner, a reduction in housing inventory due to loss caused by natural disaster and negative impacts to the local economy as it seeks to recover from these disasters.

Our business is geographically confined to certain metropolitan areas of the Western United States, and events and conditions that disproportionately affect those areas may pose a more pronounced risk for our business.

Although we presently have retail deposit branches in four states, with lending offices in these states and two others, a substantial majority of our revenues are derived from operations in the Puget Sound region of Washington, the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the Los Angeles and San Diego metropolitan areas in Southern California. All of our markets are located in the Western United States. Each of our primary markets is subject to various types of natural disasters, and many have experienced disproportionately significant economic volatility compared to the rest of the United States in the past. In addition, many of these areas have been experiencing a constriction in the availability of houses for sale in recent periods as new home construction has not kept pace with population growth in our primary markets, in part due to limitations on permitting and land availability. Economic events or natural disasters that affect the Western United States and our primary markets in that region in particular, or more significantly, may have an unusually pronounced impact on our business and, because our operations are not more geographically diversified, we may lack the ability to mitigate those impacts from operations in other regions of the United States.

The significant concentration of real estate secured loans in our portfolio has had a negative impact on our asset quality and profitability in the past and there can be no assurance that it will not have such impact in the future.

A substantial portion of our loans are secured by real property. Our real estate secured lending is generally sensitive to national, regional and local economic conditions, making loss levels difficult to predict. Declines in real estate sales and prices, significant increases in interest rates, unforeseen natural disasters and a degeneration in prevailing economic conditions may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies, foreclosures, problem loans, other real estate owned ("OREO"), net charge-offs and provisions for credit and OREO losses. Although real estate prices are currently stable in the markets in which we operate, if market values decline significantly, as they did in the last recession, the collateral for our loans may provide less security and, our ability, to recover the principal, interest and costs due on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate will be diminished, leaving us more likely to suffer additional losses on defaulted loans. Such declines may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and capital of financial institutions whose loan portfolios are more diversified.

Worsening conditions in the real estate markets in which we operate and higher than normal delinquency and default rates on loans could cause other adverse consequences for us, including:

•
Reduced cash flows and capital resources, as we are required to make cash advances to meet contractual obligations to investors, process foreclosures, and maintain, repair and market foreclosed properties;

•
Declining mortgage servicing fee revenues because we recognize these revenues only upon collection;

•
Increasing mortgage servicing costs;

•
Declining fair value on our mortgage servicing rights; and

97


•
Declining fair values and liquidity of securities held in our investment portfolio that are collateralized by mortgage obligations.

Changes in government-sponsored enterprises and their ability to insure or to buy our loans in the secondary market may result in significant changes in our ability to recognize income on sale of our loans to third parties.

We originate a substantial portion of our single family mortgage loans for sale to government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE") such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Changes in the types of loans purchased by these GSEs or the program requirements for those entities could adversely impact our ability to sell certain of the loans we originate for sale. For example, as a result of Section 309 of the EGRRCPA, which was enacted into law in May 2018, a few of our VA-qualified loans we had originated for sale to Ginnie Mae were deemed to be ineligible for sale to Ginnie Mae under the revised terms of that entity’s program and we were required to find a different way to sell these loans. Such changes are difficult to predict, and can have a negative impact on our cash flow and results of operations.

We may have deficiencies in internal controls over financial reporting that we have not discovered which may result in our inability to maintain control over our assets or to identify and accurately report our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our internal controls over financial reporting are intended to assure we maintain accurate records, promote the accurate and timely reporting of our financial information, maintain adequate control over our assets, and detect unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets. Effective internal and disclosure controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results may be harmed.

As part of our ongoing monitoring of internal control from time to time we have discovered deficiencies in our internal controls that have required remediation. In the past, these deficiencies have included "material weaknesses," defined as a deficiency or combination of deficiencies that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected.

Management has in place a process to document and analyze all identified internal control deficiencies and implement remedial measures sufficient to resolve those deficiencies. To support our strategic initiatives and to create operating efficiencies, we have implemented, and will continue to implement, new systems and processes. If our project management processes are not sound and adequate resources are not deployed to these implementations, we may experience additional internal control lapses that could expose the Company to operating losses. However, any failure to maintain effective controls or timely effect any necessary improvement of our internal and disclosure controls in the future could harm operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

Our allowance for loan losses may prove inadequate or we may be negatively affected by credit risk exposures. Future additions to our allowance for loan losses, as well as charge-offs in excess of reserves, will reduce our earnings.

Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. As with most financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for loan losses to reflect potential defaults and nonperformance, which represents management's best estimate of probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management's estimate is based on our continuing evaluation of specific credit risks and loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political and regulatory conditions, industry concentrations and other factors that may indicate future loan losses. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and requires us to make estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Generally, our nonperforming loans and OREO reflect operating difficulties of individual borrowers and weaknesses in the economies of the markets we serve. This allowance may not be adequate to cover actual losses, and future provisions for losses could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, as we have acquired new operations, we have added the loans previously held by the acquired companies or related to the acquired branches to our books, including loans acquired from Silvergate Bank in March 2019. If we make additional acquisitions in the future, we may bring additional loans originated by other institutions onto our books. Although we review loan quality as part of our due diligence in considering any acquisition involving loans, the addition of such loans may increase our credit risk exposure, require an increase in our allowance for loan losses, and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows stemming from losses on those additional loans.


98

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we report our financial condition and results of operations, and we use estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be imprecise and result in significant changes in valuation.

A portion of our assets are carried on the balance sheet at fair value, including investment securities available for sale, mortgage servicing rights related to single family loans and single family loans held for sale. Generally, for assets that are reported at fair value, we use quoted market prices or internal valuation models that use observable market data inputs to estimate their fair value. In certain cases, observable market prices and data may not be readily available or their availability may be diminished due to market conditions. We use financial models to value certain of these assets. These models are complex and use asset-specific collateral data and market inputs for interest rates. Although we have processes and procedures in place governing internal valuation models and their testing and calibration, such assumptions are complex as we must make judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Different assumptions could result in significant changes in valuation, which in turn could affect earnings or result in significant changes in the dollar amount of assets reported on the balance sheet. As we grow the expectation for the sophistication of our models will increase and we may need to hire additional personnel with sufficient expertise.

Our funding sources may prove insufficient to replace deposits and support our future growth.

We must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. As a part of our liquidity management, we use a number of funding sources in addition to core deposit growth and repayments and maturities of loans and investments, including Federal Home Loan Bank advances, proceeds from the sale of loans, federal funds purchased, brokered certificates of deposit and issuance of equity or debt securities. Adverse operating results or changes in industry conditions could lead to difficulty or an inability to access these additional funding sources and could make our existing funds more volatile. Our financial flexibility may be materially constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable interest rates. When rates increase, the cost of our funding often increases faster than we can increase our interest income. For example, in recent periods the FHLB has increased rates on their advances in a quick response to increases in rates by the Federal Reserve and implemented those increased costs earlier than we have been able to increase our own interest income. This asymmetry of the speed at which interests rates rise on our liabilities as opposed to our assets may have a negative impact on our net interest income and, in turn, our financial results. If we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our revenues may not increase proportionately to cover our costs. In that case, our operating margins and profitability would be adversely affected. Further, the volatility inherent in some of these funding sources, particularly brokered deposits, may increase our exposure to liquidity risk.

Our management of capital could adversely affect profitability measures and the market price of our common stock and could dilute the holders of our outstanding common stock.

Our capital ratios are higher than regulatory minimums. We may choose to have a lower capital ratio in the future in order to take advantage of growth opportunities, including acquisition and organic loan growth, or in order to take advantage of a favorable investment opportunity. On the other hand, we may again in the future elect to raise capital through a sale of our debt or equity securities in order to have additional resources to pursue our growth, including by acquisition, fund our business needs and meet our commitments, or as a response to changes in economic conditions that make capital raising a prudent choice. In the event the quality of our assets or our economic position were to deteriorate significantly, as a result of market forces or otherwise, we may also need to raise additional capital in order to remain compliant with capital standards.

We may not be able to raise such additional capital at the time when we need it, or on terms that are acceptable to us. Our ability to raise additional capital will depend in part on conditions in the capital markets at the time, which are outside our control, and in part on our financial performance. Further, if we need to raise capital in the future, especially if it is in response to changing market conditions, we may need to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital, which would create competition for investors. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, any capital raising alternatives could dilute the holders of our outstanding common stock and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

The integration of recent and future acquisitions could consume significant resources and may not be successful.

We completed four whole-bank acquisitions and acquired nine stand-alone branches between September 2013 and March 31, 2019, all of which required substantial resources and costs related to the acquisition and integration process. There are certain risks related to the integration of operations of acquired banks and branches, which we may continue to encounter if we acquire other banks or branches in the future, including risks related to the investigation and consideration of the potential acquisition

99

and the costs of undertaking such a transaction, as well as integrating acquired businesses into the Company, including risks that arise after the transaction is completed. Difficulties in pursuing or integrating any new acquisitions, and potential discoveries of additional losses or undisclosed liabilities with respect to the assets and liabilities of acquired companies, may increase our costs and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Further, even if we successfully address these factors and are successful in closing acquisitions and integrating our systems with the acquired systems, we may nonetheless experience customer losses, or we may fail to grow the acquired businesses as we intend or to operate the acquired businesses at a level that would avoid losses or justify our investments in those companies.

In addition, we may choose to issue additional common stock for future acquisitions, or we may instead choose to pay the consideration in cash or a combination of stock and cash. Any issuances of stock relating to an acquisition may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share, book value per share or the percentage ownership of existing shareholders depending on the value of the assets or entity acquired. Alternatively, the use of cash as consideration in any such acquisitions could impact our capital position and may require us to raise additional capital.

If we breach any of the representations or warranties we make to a purchaser or securitizer of our loans or MSRs, we may be liable to the purchaser or securitizer for certain costs and damages.

When we sell or securitize loans, we are required to make certain representations and warranties to the purchaser about the loans and the manner in which they were originated. Our agreements require us to repurchase loans if we have breached any of these representations or warranties, in which case we may be required to repurchase such loan and record a loss upon repurchase and/or bear any subsequent loss on the loan. We may not have any remedies available to us against a third party for such losses, or the remedies available to us may not be as broad as the remedies available to the purchaser of the loan against us. In addition, if there are remedies against a third party available to us, we face further risk that such third party may not have the financial capacity to perform remedies that otherwise may be available to us. Therefore, if a purchaser enforces remedies against us, we may not be able to recover our losses from a third party and may be required to bear the full amount of the related loss.

We recently sold a substantial portion of our MSRs related to our large scale mortgage business, which may increase our exposure to these risks due to the volume of MSR sales outside of our historical ordinary course of business.

If we experience increased repurchase and indemnity demands on loans or MSRs that we sell from our portfolios, due to the increased volume of sales in the first quarter or otherwise, our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

If we breach any representations or warranties or fail to follow guidelines when originating a FHA/HUD-insured loan or a VA-guaranteed loan, we may lose the insurance or guarantee on the loan and suffer losses, pay penalties, and/or be subjected to litigation from the federal government.

We originate and purchase, sell and thereafter service single family loans, some of which are insured by FHA/HUD or guaranteed by the VA. We certify to the FHA/HUD and the VA that the loans meet their requirements and guidelines. The FHA/HUD and VA audit loans that are insured or guaranteed under their programs, including audits of our processes and procedures as well as individual loan documentation. Violations of guidelines can result in monetary penalties or require us to provide indemnifications against loss or loans declared ineligible for their programs. In the past, monetary penalties and losses from indemnifications have not created material losses to the Bank. FHA/HUD perform regular audits, and HUD's Inspector General is active in enforcing FHA regulations with respect to individual loans, including partnering with the Department of Justice ("DOJ") to bring lawsuits against lenders for systemic violations. The penalties resulting from such lawsuits can be severe, since systemic violations can be applied to groups of loans and penalties may be subject to treble damages. The DOJ has used the Federal False Claims Act and other federal laws and regulations in prosecuting these lawsuits. Because of our significant origination of FHA/HUD insured and VA guaranteed loans, if the DOJ were to find potential violations by the Bank, we could be subject to material monetary penalties and/or losses, and may even be subject to lawsuits alleging systemic violations which could result in treble damages.

We may face risk of loss if we purchase loans from a seller that fails to satisfy its indemnification obligations.

We generally receive representations and warranties from the originators and sellers from whom we purchase loans and servicing rights such that if a loan defaults and there has been a breach of such representations and warranties, we may be able to pursue a remedy against the seller of the loan for the unpaid principal and interest on the defaulted loan. However, if the originator and/or seller breaches such representations and warranties and does not have the financial capacity to pay the related damages, we may be subject to the risk of loss for such loan as the originator or seller may not be able to pay such damages or

100

repurchase loans when called upon by us to do so. Currently, we only purchase loans from WMS Series LLC, an affiliated business arrangement with certain Windermere real estate brokerage franchise owners.

Changes in fee structures by third party loan purchasers may decrease our loan production volume and the margin we can recognize on loans and may adversely impact our results of operations.

Changes in the fee structures by third party loan purchasers may increase our costs of doing business and, in turn, increase the cost of loans to our customers and the cost of selling loans to third party loan purchasers. Increases in those costs could in turn decrease our margin and negatively impact our profitability. Were any of our third party loan purchasers to make such changes in the future, it may have a negative impact on our ability to originate loans to be sold because of the increased costs of such loans and may decrease our profitability with respect to loans held for sale. In addition, any significant adverse change in the level of activity in the secondary market or the underwriting criteria of these third party loan purchasers could negatively impact our results of business, operations and cash flows.

We may incur additional costs in placing loans if our third party purchasers discontinue doing business with us for any reason.
We rely on third party purchasers with whom we place loans as a source of funding for the loans we make to customers. Occasionally, third party loan purchasers may go out of business, elect to exit the market or choose to cease doing business with us for a myriad of reasons, including but not limited to the increased burdens on purchasers related to compliance, adverse market conditions or other pressures on the industry. In the event that one or more third party purchasers goes out of business, exits the market or otherwise ceases to do business with us at a time when we have loans that have been placed with such purchaser but not yet sold, we may incur additional costs to sell those loans to other purchasers or may have to retain such loans, which could negatively impact our results of operations and our capital position.
Our real estate lending may expose us to environmental liabilities.

In the course of our business, it is necessary to foreclose and take title to real estate, including commercial real estate which could subject us to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. Hazardous substances or waste, contaminants, pollutants or sources thereof may be discovered on properties during our ownership or after a sale to a third party. We could be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances or chemical releases at such properties. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial and could substantially exceed the value of the real property. In addition, if we were to be an owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. We may be unable to recover costs from any third party. These occurrences may materially reduce the value of the affected property, and we may find it difficult or impossible to use or sell the property prior to or following any environmental remediation. If we become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.


Market-Related Risks

Fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect the value of our assets and reduce our net interest income and noninterest income, thereby adversely affecting our earnings and profitability.

Interest rates may be affected by many factors beyond our control, including general and economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of various governmental and regulatory authorities. For example, unexpected increases in interest rates can result in an increased percentage of rate lock customers closing loans, which would in turn increase our costs relative to income. In addition, increases in interest rates in recent periods has reduced our mortgage revenues by reducing the market for refinancings, which has negatively impacted demand for certain of our residential loan products and the revenue realized on the sale of loans which, in turn, may negatively impact our noninterest income and, to a lesser extent, our net interest income. Market volatility in interest rates can be difficult to predict, as unexpected interest rate changes may result in a sudden impact while anticipated changes in interest rates generally impact the mortgage rate market prior to the actual rate change.

Our earnings are also dependent on the difference between the interest earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Changes in market interest rates impact the rates earned on loans and investment securities and the rates paid on deposits and borrowings and may negatively impact our ability to attract deposits, make loans and achieve

101

satisfactory interest rate spreads, which could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. In addition, changes to market interest rates may impact the level of loans, deposits and investments and the credit quality of existing loans.

Asymmetrical changes in interest rates, for example a greater increase in short term rates than in long term rates, could adversely impact our net interest income because our liabilities, including advances from the FHLB and interest payable on our deposits, tend to be more sensitive to short term rates while our assets tend to be more sensitive to long term rates. In addition, it may take longer for our assets to reprice to adjust to a new rate environment because fixed rate loans do not fluctuate with interest rate changes and adjustable rate loans often have a specified period of readjustment. As a result, a flattening or an inversion of the yield curve is likely to have a negative impact on our net interest income.

Our securities portfolio also includes securities that are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises and other securities that are sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. The unrealized gains or losses in our available-for-sale portfolio are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity until realized upon sale. Interest rate fluctuations may impact the value of these securities and as a result, shareholders' equity, and may cause material fluctuations from quarter to quarter. Failure to hold our securities until maturity or until market conditions are favorable for a sale could adversely affect our financial condition.



We are significantly decreasing our mortgage origination operations which may limit our ability to increase our volume significantly in the event of a significant improvement in the mortgage market.

Due primarily to a combination of increases in mortgage rates after many years of record low rates and a nationwide contraction in the number of homes available for sale which is especially acute in our primary markets, the overall number of mortgage products being purchased in the market is significantly reduced from prior periods. In response, we have entered into a series of transactions through which we expect to sell substantially all of the assets related to our HLC-based mortgage origination business, and have further adopted a plan of exit or disposal that calls for the closure of the HLC-related offices and termination of related personnel in the event we are not successful in selling those assets. We therefore will have a significantly smaller mortgage operation going forward. If the mortgage market were to significantly improve, we would not have the capacity to originate mortgages to the volume we have had in recent years, which would limit our ability to capitalize on that market.

The price of our common stock is subject to volatility.
The price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past and may face additional and potentially substantial fluctuations in the future. Among the factors that may impact our stock price are the following:
•
Variances in our operating results;
•
Disparity between our operating results and the operating results of our competitors;
•
Changes in analyst's estimates of our earnings results and future performance, or variances between our actual performance and that forecast by analysts;
•
News releases or other announcements of material events relating to the Company, including but not limited to mergers, acquisitions, expansion plans, restructuring activities or other strategic developments;
•
Statements made by activist investors criticizing our strategy, our management team or our Board of Directors;
•
Future securities offerings by us of debt or equity securities;
•
Addition or departure of key personnel;
•
Market-wide events that may be seen by the market as impacting the Company;
•
The presence or absence of short-selling of our common stock;
•
General financial conditions of the country or the regions in which we operate;
•
Trends in real estate in our primary markets;
•
Trends relating to the economic markets generally; or
•
Changes in laws and regulations affecting financial institutions.

The stock markets in general experience substantial price and trading fluctuations, and such changes may create volatility in the market as a whole or in the stock prices of securities related to particular industries or companies that are unrelated or disproportionate to changes in operating performance of the Company. Such volatility may have an adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.


102

Current economic conditions continue to pose significant challenges for us and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We generate revenue from the interest and fees we charge on the loans and other products and services we sell, and a substantial amount of our revenue and earnings comes from the net interest and noninterest income that we earn from our commercial lending and mortgage banking businesses. Our operations have been, and will continue to be, materially affected by the state of the U.S. economy, particularly unemployment levels and home prices. A prolonged period of slow growth or a pronounced decline in the U.S. economy, or any deterioration in general economic conditions and/or the financial markets resulting from these factors, or any other events or factors that may signal a return to a recessionary economic environment, could dampen consumer confidence, adversely impact the models we use to assess creditworthiness, and materially adversely affect our financial results and condition. If the economy worsens and unemployment rises, which also would likely result in a decrease in consumer and business confidence and spending, the demand for our credit products, including our mortgages, may fall, reducing our net interest and noninterest income and our earnings. Significant and unexpected market developments may also make it more challenging for us to properly forecast our expected financial results.

A change in federal monetary policy could adversely impact our revenues from lending activities.

The Federal Reserve is responsible for regulating the supply of money in the United States, and as a result, its monetary policies strongly influence our costs of funds for lending and investing, as well as the rate of return we are able to earn on those loans and investments, both of which impact our net interest income and net interest margin. Changes in interest rates may increase our cost of capital or decrease the income we receive from interest bearing assets, and asymmetrical changes in short term and long-term interest rates may result in a more rapid increase in the costs related to interest-bearing liabilities such as FHLB advances and interest-bearing deposit accounts without a correlated increase in the income from interest-bearing assets which are typically more sensitive to long-term interest rates. The Federal Reserve Board's interest rate policies can also materially affect the value of financial instruments we hold, including debt securities, MSRs and derivative instruments used to hedge against changes in the value of our MSRs. These monetary policies can also negatively impact our borrowers, which in turn may increase the risk that they will be unable to pay their loans according to the terms or be unable to pay their loans at all. We have no control over the Federal Reserve Board’s policies and cannot predict when changes are expected or what the magnitude of such changes may be.

A portion of our revenue is derived from residential mortgage lending which is a market sector that experiences significant volatility.

Historically a substantial portion of our consolidated net revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income) have been derived from originating and selling residential mortgages. While we have entered into a series of transactions that will significantly decrease the size of our mortgage business, we expect to continue to offer mortgage lending on a smaller scale, and therefore will still be subject to the volatility of that market sector. Residential mortgage lending in general has experienced substantial volatility in recent periods due to changes in interest rates, a significant lack of housing inventory caused by an increase in demand for housing at a time of decreased supply, and other market forces beyond our control. Lack of housing inventory limits our ability to originate purchase mortgages because it may take longer for loan applicants to find a home to buy after being pre-approved for a loan, which results in the Company incurring costs related to the pre-approval without being able to book the revenue from an actual loan. In addition, interest rate changes may result in lower rate locks and higher closed loan volume which can negatively impact our financial results because we book revenue at the time we enter into rate lock agreements after adjusting for the estimated percentage of loans that are not expected to actually close, which we refer to as "fallout". When interest rates rise, the level of fallout as a percentage of rate locks declines, which results in higher costs relative to income for that period, which may adversely impact our earnings and results of operations. In addition, an increase in interest rates may materially and adversely affect our future loan origination volume, margins, and the value of the collateral securing our outstanding loans, may increase rates of borrower default, and may otherwise adversely affect our business.


103

We may incur losses due to changes in prepayment rates.

Our mortgage servicing rights carry interest rate risk because the total amount of servicing fees earned, as well as changes in fair-market value, fluctuate based on expected loan prepayments (affecting the expected average life of a portfolio of residential mortgage servicing rights). The rate of prepayment of residential mortgage loans may be influenced by changing national and regional economic trends, such as recessions or stagnating real estate markets, as well as the difference between interest rates on existing residential mortgage loans relative to prevailing residential mortgage rates. During periods of declining interest rates, many residential borrowers refinance their mortgage loans. Changes in prepayment rates are therefore difficult for us to predict. The loan administration fee income (related to the residential mortgage loan servicing rights corresponding to a mortgage loan) decreases as mortgage loans are prepaid. Consequently, in the event of an increase in prepayment rates, we would expect the fair value of portfolios of residential mortgage loan servicing rights to decrease along with the amount of loan administration income received. In the first quarter of 2019, we sold a significant portion of our mortgage servicing rights, however we will continue to be exposed to such risks on a smaller scale with respect to the servicing rights we expect to retain going forward.


Regulatory-Related Risks

We are subject to extensive regulation that may restrict our activities, including declaring cash dividends or capital distributions or pursuing growth initiatives and acquisition activities, and imposes financial requirements or limitations on the conduct of our business.

Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the FDIC, the Washington Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Board, and to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on part or all of our operations. The laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject evolve and change frequently, including changes that come from judicial or regulatory agency interpretations of laws and regulations outside of the legislative process that may be more difficult to anticipate. We are subject to various examinations by our regulators during the course of the year. Regulatory authorities who conduct these examinations have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the authority to restrict our operations, our growth and our acquisition activity, adversely reclassify our assets, determine the level of deposit insurance premiums assessed, require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, require customer restitution and impose fines or other penalties. The level of discretion, and the extent of potential penalties and other remedies, have increased substantially during recent years. We have, in the past, been subject to specific regulatory orders that constrained our business and required us to take measures that investors may have deemed undesirable, and we may again in the future be subject to such orders if banking regulators were to determine that our operations require such restrictions or if they determine that remediation of operational or other legal or regulatory deficiencies is required.

In addition, recent political shifts in the United States may result in additional significant changes in legislation and regulations that impact us, although the possibility, nature and extent of any repeals or revisions to Dodd-Frank or any other regulations impacting financial institutions are not presently known and we cannot predict whether or not these changes will come to pass. These circumstances lead to additional uncertainty regarding our regulatory environment and the cost and requirements for compliance. We are unable to predict whether federal or state authorities, or other pertinent bodies, will enact legislations, laws, rules or regulations that will impact our business or operations. Further, an increasing amount of the regulatory authority that pertains to financial institutions is in the form of informal "guidance" such as handbooks, guidelines, examination manuals, field interpretations by regulators or similar provisions that will affect our business or require changes in our practices in the future even if they are not formally adopted as laws or regulations. Any such changes could adversely affect our cost of doing business and our profitability.

Changes in regulation of our industry have the potential to create higher costs of compliance, including short-term costs to meet new compliance standards, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities and increase our exposure to potential litigation.


104

Policies and regulations enacted by CFPB may negatively impact our residential mortgage loan business and increase our compliance risk.

Our consumer business, including our mortgage, credit card, and other consumer lending and non-lending businesses, may be adversely affected by the policies enacted or regulations adopted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") which under the Dodd-Frank Act has broad rulemaking authority over consumer financial products and services. For example, in January 2014 federal regulations promulgated by the CFPB took effect which impact how we originate and service residential mortgage loans. Those regulations, among other things, require mortgage lenders to assess and document a borrower's ability to repay their mortgage loan while providing borrowers the ability to challenge foreclosures and sue for damages based on allegations that the lender failed to meet the standard for determining the borrower's ability to repay their loan. While the regulations include presumptions in favor of the lender based on certain loan underwriting criteria, they have not yet been challenged widely in courts and it is uncertain how these presumptions will be construed and applied by courts in the event of litigation. The ultimate impact of these regulations on the lender's enforcement of its loan documents in the event of a loan default, and the cost and expense of doing so, is uncertain, but may be significant. In addition, the secondary market demand for loans that do not fall within the presumptively safest category of a "qualified mortgage" as defined by the CFPB is uncertain. The 2014 regulations also require changes to certain loan servicing procedures and practices, which have resulted in increased foreclosure costs and longer foreclosure timelines in the event of loan default, and failure to comply with the new servicing rules may result in additional litigation and compliance risk.

The CFPB was also given authority over the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, or RESPA, under the Dodd-Frank Act and has, in some cases, interpreted RESPA requirements differently than other agencies, regulators and judicial opinions. As a result, certain practices that have been considered standard in the industry, including relationships that have been established between mortgage lenders and others in the mortgage industry such as developers, realtors and insurance providers, are now being subjected to additional scrutiny under RESPA. Our regulators, including the FDIC, review our practices for compliance with RESPA as interpreted by the CFPB. Changes in RESPA requirements and the interpretation of RESPA requirements by our regulators may result in adverse examination findings by our regulators, which could result in enforcement action, fines, penalties and negatively impact our ability to pursue our growth plans, branch expansion and limit our acquisition activity.

In addition to RESPA compliance, the Bank is also subject to the CFPB's Final Integrated Disclosure Rule, commonly known as TRID, which became effective in October 2015. Among other things, TRID requires lenders to combine the initial Good Faith Estimate and Initial Truth in Lending disclosures into a single new Loan Estimate disclosure and the HUD-1 and Final TIL disclosures into a single new Closing Disclosure. The definition of an application and timing requirements has changed, and a new Closing Disclosure waiting period has been added. These changes, along with other changes required by TRID, require significant systems modifications, process and procedure changes. Failure to comply with these new requirements may result in regulatory penalties for disclosure and other violations under RESPA and the Truth In Lending Act ("TILA"), and private right of action under TILA, and may impact our ability to sell or the price we receive for certain loans.

In addition, the CFPB has adopted and largely implemented additional rules under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ("HMDA") that are intended to improve information reported about the residential mortgage market and increase disclosure about consumer access to mortgage credit. The updates to the HMDA increase the types of dwelling-secured loans that are subject to the disclosure requirements of the rule and expand the categories of information that financial institutions such as the Bank are required to report with respect to such loans and such borrowers, including potentially sensitive customer information. Most of the rule's provisions went into effect on January 1, 2018. These changes increased our compliance costs due to the need for additional resources to meet the enhanced disclosure requirements as well as informational systems to allow the Bank to properly capture and report the additional mandated information. The volume of new data that is required to be reported under the updated rules will also cause the Bank to face an increased risk of errors in the processing of such information. More importantly, because of the sensitive nature of some of the additional customer information to be included in such reports, the Bank may face a higher potential for security breaches resulting in the disclosure of sensitive customer information in the event the HMDA reporting files were obtained by an unauthorized party.


105

Interpretation of federal and state legislation, case law or regulatory action may negatively impact our business.

Regulatory and judicial interpretation of existing and future federal and state legislation, case law, judicial orders and regulations could also require us to revise our operations and change certain business practices, impose additional costs, reduce our revenue and earnings and otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. For instance, judges interpreting legislation and judicial decisions made during the recent financial crisis could allow modification of the terms of residential mortgages in bankruptcy proceedings which could hinder our ability to foreclose promptly on defaulted mortgage loans or expand assignee liability for certain violations in the mortgage loan origination process, any or all of which could adversely affect our business or result in our being held responsible for violations in the mortgage loan origination process. In addition, the exercise by regulators of revised and at times expanded powers under existing or future regulations could materially and negatively impact the profitability of our business, the value of assets we hold or the collateral available for our loans, require changes to business practices, limit our ability to pursue growth strategies or force us to discontinue certain business practices and expose us to additional costs, taxes, liabilities, penalties, enforcement actions and reputational risk.

Such judicial decisions or regulatory interpretations may affect the manner in which we do business and the products and services that we provide, restrict our ability to grow through acquisition, restrict our ability to compete in our current business or expand into any new business, and impose additional fees, assessments or taxes on us or increase our regulatory oversight.

Federal, state and local consumer protection laws may restrict our ability to offer and/or increase our risk of liability with respect to certain products and services and could increase our cost of doing business.

Federal, state and local laws have been adopted that are intended to eliminate certain practices considered "predatory" or "unfair and deceptive". These laws prohibit practices such as steering borrowers away from more affordable products, failing to disclose key features, limitations, or costs related to products and services, failing to provide advertised benefits, selling unnecessary insurance to borrowers, repeatedly refinancing loans, imposing excessive fees for overdrafts, and making loans without a reasonable expectation that the borrowers will be able to repay the loans irrespective of the value of the underlying property. It is our policy not to make predatory loans or engage in deceptive practices, but these laws and regulations create the potential for liability with respect to our lending, servicing, loan investment, deposit taking and other financial activities. As a company with a significant mortgage banking operation, we also, inherently, have a significant amount of risk of noncompliance with fair lending laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are complex and require vigilance to ensure that policies and practices do not create disparate impact on our customers or that our employees do not engage in overt discriminatory practices. Noncompliance can result in significant regulatory actions including, but not limited to, sanctions, fines or referrals to the Department of Justice and restrictions on our ability to execute our growth and expansion plans. These risks are enhanced because of our growth activities as we integrate operations from our acquisitions and expand our geographic markets. As we offer products and services to customers in additional states, we may become subject to additional state and local laws designed to protect consumers. The additional laws and regulations may increase our cost of doing business and ultimately may prevent us from making certain loans, offering certain products, and may cause us to reduce the average percentage rate or the points and fees on loans and other products and services that we do provide.

Significant legal or regulatory actions could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities and reputational harm and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We are from time to time subject to claims and proceedings related to our operations. These claims and legal actions could include supervisory or enforcement actions by our regulators, or criminal proceedings by prosecutorial authorities, or claims by former and current employees, including class, collective and representative actions. Such actions could involve large monetary claims, including civil money penalties or fines imposed by government authorities and significant defense costs. To mitigate the cost of some of these claims, we maintain insurance coverage in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are appropriate for our operations. However, our insurance coverage does not cover any civil money penalties or fines imposed by government authorities and may not cover all other claims that might be brought against us, including certain wage and hour class, collective and representative actions brought by employees or former employees. In addition, such insurance coverage may not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost. As a result, we may be exposed to substantial uninsured liabilities, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could cause significant reputational harm to us and/or could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.



106

We are subject to more stringent capital requirements under Basel III.

As of January 1, 2015, we became subject to new rules relating to capital standards requirements, including requirements contemplated by Section 171 of the Dodd-Frank Act as well as certain standards initially adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which standards are commonly referred to as Basel III. Many of these rules apply to both the Company and the Bank, including increased common equity Tier 1 capital ratios, Tier 1 leverage ratios, Tier 1 risk-based ratios and total risk-based ratios. In addition, beginning in 2016, all institutions subject to Basel III, including the Company and the Bank are required to establish a "conservation buffer" that took full effect on January 1, 2019. This conservation buffer consists of common equity Tier 1 capital and is now required to be 2.5% above existing minimum capital ratio requirements. This means that, in order to prevent certain regulatory restrictions, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement is now 7.0%, the Tier 1 risk-based ratio requirement is 8.5% and the total risk-based capital ratio requirement is 10.5%. Any institution that does not meet the conservation buffer will be subject to restrictions on certain activities including payment of dividends, stock repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers.

Additional prompt corrective action rules implemented in 2015 also apply to the Bank, including higher and new ratio requirements for the Bank to be considered "well-capitalized." The new rules also modify the manner for determining when certain capital elements are included in the ratio calculations, including but not limited to, requiring certain deductions related to MSRs and deferred tax assets. For more on these regulatory requirements and how they apply to the Company and the Bank, see "Business - Regulation and Supervision of HomeStreet Bank - Capital and Prompt Corrective Action Requirements - Capital Requirements" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The application of more stringent capital requirements could, among other things, result in lower returns on invested capital and result in regulatory actions if we were to be unable to comply with such requirements. In addition, if we need to raise additional equity capital in order to meet these more stringent requirements, our shareholders may be diluted.

Changes in accounting standards may require us to increase our Allowance for Loan Losses and could materially impact our financial statements.

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. For example, in June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) which changes, among other things, the way companies must record expected credit losses on financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, available for sale and held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. ASU 2016-13 requires that financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. This differs from current US GAAP which is based on incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio and moves to a current estimate of all expected credit losses based on relevant information about past events including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2020.

For purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination ("PCD assets") that are measured at amortized cost, an allowance for expected credit losses will be recorded as an adjustment to the cost basis of the asset. Subsequent changes in estimated cash flows would be recorded as an adjustment to the allowance and through the statement of income. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct write-down to the security's cost basis. For most debt securities, the transition approach requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period the guidance is effective. For other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities and PCD assets, the guidance will be applied prospectively.

We are currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU to determine the impact and developing appropriate systems to prepare for compliance with this new standard; however, we expect the new standard could have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

HomeStreet, Inc. primarily relies on dividends from the Bank, which may be limited by applicable laws and regulations.

HomeStreet, Inc. is a separate legal entity from the Bank, and although we may receive some dividends from HomeStreet Capital Corporation, the primary source of our funds from which we service our debt, pay any dividends that we may declare to our shareholders and otherwise satisfy our obligations is dividends from the Bank. The availability of dividends from the Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations, capital rules regarding requirements to maintain a "well capitalized" ratio at the bank, as well as by our policy of retaining a significant portion of our earnings to support the Bank's operations. See

107

"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital Management" as well as "Regulation and Supervision of HomeStreet Bank - Capital and Prompt Corrective Action Requirements" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. If the Bank cannot pay dividends to us, we may be limited in our ability to service our debts, fund the Company's operations and acquisition plans and pay dividends to the Company's shareholders. While the Company has paid special dividends in some prior quarters, we have not adopted a policy to pay dividends and in recent years our Board of Directors has elected to retain capital for growth rather than to declare a dividend. While management has recently discussed the possibility of paying dividends in the near future, we have not declared dividends in any recent quarters, and the potential of future dividends is subject to board approval, cash flow limitations, capital requirements, capital and strategic needs and other factors.
    
The financial services industry is highly competitive.

We face pricing competition for loans and deposits. We also face competition with respect to customer convenience, product lines, accessibility of service and service capabilities. Our most direct competition comes from other banks, credit unions, mortgage companies and savings institutions but more recently has also come from financial technology (or "fintech") companies that rely heavily on technology to provide financial services and often target a younger customer demographic. The significant competition in attracting and retaining deposits and making loans as well as in providing other financial services throughout our market area may impact future earnings and growth. Our success depends, in part, on the ability to adapt products and services to evolving industry standards and provide consistent customer service while keeping costs in line. There is increasing pressure to provide products and services at lower prices, which can reduce net interest income and non-interest income from fee-based products and services. New technology-driven products and services are often introduced and adopted, including innovative ways that customers can make payments, access products and manage accounts. We could be required to make substantial capital expenditures to modify or adapt existing products and services or develop new products and services. We may not be successful in introducing new products and services or those new products may not achieve market acceptance. We could lose business, be forced to price products and services on less advantageous terms to retain or attract clients, or be subject to cost increases if we do not effectively develop and implement new technology. In addition, advances in technology such as telephone, text and on-line banking, e-commerce; and self-service automatic teller machines and other equipment, as well as changing customer preferences to access our products and services through digital channels, could decrease the value of our branch network and other assets. As a result of these competitive pressures, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.




Risks Related to Information Systems and Security

A failure in or breach of our security systems or infrastructure, including breaches resulting from cyber-attacks, could disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and cause losses.

Information security risks for financial institutions have increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists, and other external parties. Those parties also may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers, or other users of our systems to disclose confidential information in order to gain access to our data or that of our customers. Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential information in our computer systems and networks, either managed directly by us or through our data processing vendors. In addition, to access our products and services, our customers may use personal computers, smartphones, tablet PCs, and other mobile devices that are beyond our control systems. Although we believe we have robust information security procedures and controls, we rely heavily on our third party vendors, technologies, systems, networks and our customers' devices all of which may become the target of cyber-attacks, computer viruses, malicious code, unauthorized access, hackers or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, theft or destruction of our confidential, proprietary and other information or that of our customers, or disrupt our operations or those of our customers or third parties.

To date we are not aware of any material losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such attacks, breaches and losses in the future. Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats, our plans to continue to evolve our Internet banking and mobile banking channel, our expanding operations and the outsourcing of a significant portion of our business operations. As a result, the continued development and enhancement of our information security controls, processes

108

and practices designed to protect customer information, our systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority for our management. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to insure, modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate important information security vulnerabilities or exposures; however, our measures may be insufficient to prevent all physical and electronic break-ins, denial of service and other cyber-attacks or security breaches.

Disruptions or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support our businesses and customers, or cyber-attacks or security breaches of the networks, systems or devices that our customers use to access our products and services could result in customer attrition, uninsured financial losses, the inability of our customers to transact business with us, employee productivity losses, technology replacement costs, incident response costs, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, additional regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage, litigation, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

We rely on third party vendors and other service providers for certain critical business activities, which creates additional operational and information security risks for us.

Third parties with which we do business or that facilitate our business activities, including exchanges, clearing houses, financial intermediaries or vendors that provide services or security solutions for our operations, could also be sources of operational and information security risk to us, including from interruptions or failures of their own systems, capacity constraints or failures of their own internal controls. Specifically, we receive core systems processing, essential web hosting and other Internet systems and deposit and other processing services from third-party service providers. In late February 2018, one of our vendors provided notice to us that their independent auditors had determined their internal controls to be inadequate. While we do not believe this particular failure of internal controls would have an impact on us due to the strength of our own internal controls, future failures of internal controls of a vendor could have a significant impact on our operations if we do not have controls to cover those issues. To date none of our third party vendors or service providers has notified us of any security breach in their systems that has resulted in an increased vulnerability to us or breached the integrity of our confidential customer data. Such third parties may also be targets of cyber-attacks, computer viruses, malicious code, unauthorized access, hackers or information security breaches that could compromise the confidential or proprietary information of HomeStreet and our customers.

In addition, if any third-party service providers experience difficulties or terminate their services and we are unable to replace them with other service providers, our operations could be interrupted and our operating expenses may materially increase. If an interruption were to continue for a significant period of time, our business financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Some of our primary third party service providers are subject to examination by banking regulators and may be subject to enhanced regulatory scrutiny due to regulatory findings during examinations of such service providers conducted by federal regulators. While we subject such vendors to higher scrutiny and monitor any corrective measures that the vendors are taking or would undertake, we cannot fully anticipate and mitigate all risks that could result from a breach or other operational failure of a vendor's system.

Others provide technology that we use in our own regulatory compliance, including our mortgage loan origination technology. If those providers fail to update their systems or services in a timely manner to reflect new or changing regulations, or if our personnel operate these systems in a non-compliant manner, our ability to meet regulatory requirements may be impacted and may expose us to heightened regulatory scrutiny and the potential for monetary penalties.

In addition, in order to safeguard our online financial transactions, we must provide secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. Our Internet banking system relies on third party encryption and authentication technologies necessary to provide secure transmission of confidential information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptology or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms our third-party service providers use to protect customer data. If any such compromise of security were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The failure to protect our customers' confidential information and privacy could adversely affect our business.

We are subject to federal and state privacy regulations and confidentiality obligations that, among other things restrict the use and dissemination of, and access to, certain information that we produce, store or maintain in the course of our business. We also have contractual obligations to protect certain confidential information we obtain from our existing vendors and customers.

109

These obligations generally include protecting such confidential information in the same manner and to the same extent as we protect our own confidential information, and in some instances may impose indemnity obligations on us relating to unlawful or unauthorized disclosure of any such information.

Recently passed legislation in the European Union (the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR) and in California (the California Privacy Act) may increase the burden and cost of compliance specifically in the realm of consumer data privacy. We are still evaluating the potential impact of these new regulations on our business and do not yet know exactly what the impact may be, but anticipate that there will be at least some added cost and burden as a result of these measures. In addition, other federal, state or local governments may try to implement similar legislation, which could result in different privacy standards for different geographical regions, which could require significantly more resources for compliance.

If we do not properly comply with privacy regulations and contractual obligations that require us to protect confidential information, or if we experience a security breach or network compromise, we could experience adverse consequences, including regulatory sanctions, penalties or fines, increased compliance costs, remedial costs such as providing credit monitoring or other services to affected customers, litigation and damage to our reputation, which in turn could result in decreased revenues and loss of customers, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The network and computer systems on which we depend could fail for reasons not related to security breaches.

Our computer systems could be vulnerable to unforeseen problems other than a cyber-attack or other security breach. Because we conduct a part of our business over the Internet and outsource several critical functions to third parties, operations will depend on our ability, as well as the ability of third-party service providers, to protect computer systems and network infrastructure against damage from fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, physical break-ins or similar catastrophic events. Any damage or failure that causes interruptions in operations may compromise our ability to perform critical functions in a timely manner (or may give rise to perceptions of such compromise) and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations as well as our reputation and customer or vendor relationships.

We continually encounter technological change, and we may have fewer resources than many of our competitors to invest in technological improvements.

The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our clients by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy client demands for convenience, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many national vendors provide turn-key services to community banks, such as Internet banking and remote deposit capture that allow smaller banks to compete with institutions that have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able, however, to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers.

Anti-Takeover Risk

Some provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and certain provisions of Washington law may deter takeover attempts, which may limit the opportunity of our shareholders to sell their shares at a favorable price.

Some provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of deterring or delaying attempts by our shareholders to remove or replace management, to commence proxy contests, or to effect changes in control. These provisions include:
•
A classified Board of Directors so that only approximately one third of our board of directors is elected each year;
•
Elimination of cumulative voting in the election of directors;
•
Procedures for advance notification of shareholder nominations and proposals;
•
The ability of our Board of Directors to amend our bylaws without shareholder approval; and
•
The ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval upon the terms and conditions and with the rights, privileges and preferences as the board of directors may determine.

In addition, as a Washington corporation, we are subject to Washington law which imposes restrictions on business combinations and similar transactions between a corporation and certain significant shareholders. These provisions, alone or together, could have the effect of deterring or delaying changes in incumbent management, proxy contests or changes in

110

control. These restrictions may limit a shareholder's ability to benefit from a change-in-control transaction that might otherwise result in a premium unless such a transaction is favored by our Board of Directors.

ITEM 2
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
On March 28, 2019 the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to $75 million of its issued and outstanding common stock, no par value, at prevailing market rates at the time of such purchase.
There were no repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.


ITEM 3
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5
OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.


111

ITEM 6
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
 
 
10.1†

 
 
 
 
10.2†

 
10.3
 
 
 
 
10.4
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32 (1)
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
101.CAL
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
101.DEF
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
101.LAB
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
101.PRE
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
† The Registrant has redacted portions of this document that constitute confidential information in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10) as revised by the FAST Act effective April 2, 2019.

(1)
This exhibit shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 


112

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Seattle, State of Washington, on May 10, 2019.
 
 
HomeStreet, Inc.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Mark K. Mason
 
 
Mark K. Mason
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)



 
HomeStreet, Inc.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Mark R. Ruh
 
 
Mark R. Ruh
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)


113