Securities Act File No. 333-122917
ICA No. 811- 21720
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2019
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. _______ | [ ] | ||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,174 | [ X ] |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 1,176 | [ X ] |
(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)
Northern Lights Fund Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
17645 Wright Street
Omaha, NE 68130
Attention: Kevin Wolf
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(402) 895-1600
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
The Corporation Trust Company
Corporate Trust Center
251 Little Falls Drive
Wilmington, DE 19808
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
With a copy to:
JoAnn M. Strasser, Esq. Thompson Hine LLP 41 South High Street, Suite 1700 Columbus, Ohio 43215 614-469-3265 (phone) 513-241-4771 (fax) |
Richard Malinowski Gemini Fund Services, LLC 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110 Hauppauge, New York 11788 (631) 470-2734 |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As Soon As Practical, After Effectiveness of Registration Statement
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
() immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b).
( ) on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b).
(X) 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
( ) on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
( ) 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2).
( ) on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
If appropriate, check the following box:
( ) this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
Title of Securities Being Registered: Shares of Beneficial Interest
[XXX], 2019
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund Class A (RAAAX)
a Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust | |
Prospectus
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ADVISED BY Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. 1200 Prospect
Street |
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This Prospectus provides important information about the Fund that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.
These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports like this one will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Fund’s website www.SierraMutualFunds.com , and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.
If you have already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically anytime by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by following the instructions included with paper Fund documents that have been mailed to you. You may also elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FUND SUMMARY | |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES |
|
Investment Objective | |
Principal Investment Strategies | |
Temporary Investments | |
Description of Principal Investment Risks | |
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure | |
Cybersecurity | |
MANAGEMENT | |
Investment Adviser | |
Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers | |
Sub-Adviser and Sub-Adviser’s Portfolio Managers | |
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED | |
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES | |
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES | |
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES | |
TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | |
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES | |
Distributor | |
Distribution Fees | |
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries | |
Householding | |
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | |
Privacy Notice |
ALTEGRIS/AACA Opportunistic REAL ESTATE FUND SUMMARY
Investment Objectives
The Fund seeks to provide total return through long term capital appreciation and current income by investing, both long and short, in equity securities of real estate and real estate related companies.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $25,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in How to Purchase Shares on page 23 of this Prospectus and Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares on page [69] of the Statement of Additional Information.
Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A |
Class C |
Class I |
Class N |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) |
5.75% | None | None | None |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a % of original purchase price) |
1.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and Other Distributions |
None | None | None | None |
Redemption Fee (as a % of amount redeemed, if sold within 30 days) |
1.00% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 1.00% |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||
Management Fees | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.30% |
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.25% | 1.00% | 0.00% | 0.25% |
Other Expenses | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Interest and Dividends on Securities Sold Short | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Remaining Other Expenses | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
Class | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
A | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] |
C | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] |
I | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] |
N | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] |
You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your Class C Shares:
Class | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
C | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] | [XXX] |
Portfolio Turnover: The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was [34]% of the average value of its portfolio.[to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in both long and short positions in equity securities of “real estate” companies and “real estate related” companies (collectively “real estate companies”) (“80% investment policy”). For purposes of the 80% investment policy, the Fund defines real estate companies are those that derive a significant portion of their revenues from the ownership, construction, development, financing, leasing, management and/or sale of commercial, industrial or residential real estate, companies that have a significant portion of their assets invested these types of real estate related companies, including, for example, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), or companies that may not participate directly in real estate, but which may present an attractive investment opportunity based on the inherent value of their real estate holdings or exposure, or provide sales, leasing or other strategic services to real estate companies. Equity securities of real estate companies will include (1) common stocks, (2) preferred stocks, (3) stock warrants, (4) stock rights and (5) debt securities that are convertible into stock.
The Fund may invest in equity and equity derivative securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. real estate companies, as well as companies located in emerging markets and developing economies, and issuers of any capitalization and in any style (from growth to value). The Fund may invest in convertible debt securities of any maturity or credit quality, including those rated below investment grade (“high yield securities” or “junk bonds”). Below investment grade debt securities are those rated below Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service or equivalently by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in private placement offerings of real estate companies which may be illiquid. The Fund may also invest in preferred stock, options (both covered and uncovered or “naked”), convertible securities, or rights or warrants to buy stocks, and may create long or short positions in exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), other investment companies, or ADRs. The Fund’s investments in ETFs may be made (i) as part of the management of portfolio investments, (ii) to hedge various investments for risk management (see below) and/or (iii) for income enhancement, which is also known as speculation. The Fund concentrates investments in the real estate industry, meaning that under normal circumstances, it invests over 25% of its assets in real estate industry securities.
In addition, the Fund may engage in transactions for the purpose of hedging against changes in the price of other Fund portfolio securities, such as purchasing put options, selling securities short or writing covered call options. Such defensive or hedged positions may also include investments in equity securities of real estate as well as non-real estate companies. Additionally, the Fund may employ leverage by borrowing from banks in an amount of up to 33% of the Fund’s assets (defined as net assets plus borrowing for investment purposes). The Fund is “non-diversified” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), which means that the Fund may invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers and therefore have its investments focused in fewer securities at any one time than a diversified fund. The Fund may engage in frequent trading of the Fund’s portfolio securities.
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. (the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Fund and provides investment advisory and management services, including the selection and monitoring of the sub-adviser to the Fund. The Adviser has selected American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC (“AACA”) to sub-advise the Fund and manage the Fund’s real estate long short investment portfolio. In managing the Fund’s portfolio, the sub-adviser will seek to produce above average, risk-adjusted total returns, including capital appreciation, dividend and interest income and option premiums, through investments both long and short in real estate related securities, including publicly traded securities, REITs, other equities and equity-related derivatives and may also invest in debt and convertible debt and preferred securities. To the extent allowable under applicable regulations, the Fund will use leverage to obtain greater exposure to markets in its investment portfolio. The Fund will not purchase real estate directly, or acquire other forms of direct ownership in real estate.
The Adviser, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Fund and other funds it advises or may advise in the future that are each a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, was granted an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Adviser, with Board of Trustees’ approval, to enter into or amend sub-advisory agreements with sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified within 90 days of the engagement of any different or additional sub-adviser or sub-advisers to manage the Fund’s portfolio.
Principal Investment Risks:
As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose money through your investment in the Fund. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. Many factors affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance.
· | Active and Frequent Trading Risk: Executing the strategies of the Fund may from time to time require frequent trading by the Fund, resulting in substantial brokerage commissions and other transaction fees and expenses. These expenses must be offset by investment gains in order for the Fund to be profitable. Furthermore, because a sub-adviser may utilize “soft dollars” to pay research and brokerage expenses to the extent that the sub-adviser believes is consistent with the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the sub-adviser has an incentive to trade the Fund’s assets in higher volumes than the sub-adviser otherwise would. Active and frequent trading may lead to a greater proportion of the Fund’s gains being treated for federal income tax purposes as short-term capital gains (which are generally taxable as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders) or may cause the Fund to distribute taxable income to its shareholders sooner than it would have distributed income if the investments were held for longer periods of time. |
· | Alternative Strategies Risk: Alternative investment strategies pursued by the Fund may be subject to risks including, but not limited to, derivatives risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, commodities risk and risks associated with the use of leverage. |
· | Convertible Security Risk: The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. |
· | Credit Risk: There is a risk that convertible debt issuers will not make payments on securities held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In addition, the credit quality of convertible debt securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. |
· | Derivatives Risk: The use of derivatives such as options involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities including leverage risk and tracking risk. Long options positions may expire worthless. |
· | Developing and Emerging Markets Risk: In addition to the risks generally associated with investing in foreign securities described below, countries with emerging markets may also have relatively unstable governments, fewer shareholder protections, and more limited economies and securities markets. Securities of issuers in emerging markets securities also tend to be less liquid. |
· | Equity Markets Risk: Common and preferred stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. Warrants and rights may expire worthless if the price of a common stock is below the conversion price of the warrant or right. Convertible bonds may decline in value if the price of a common stock falls below the conversion price. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises. |
· | Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF) Risk: An ETF may represent a portfolio of securities, or may use derivatives in pursuit of its stated objective. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities held by the ETF, although a lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile. ETFs have management fees and other expenses which the Fund will indirectly bear. |
· | Exchange Traded Notes (ETN) Risk: ETNs are subject to the risk that the value of the index may decline sharply or unpredictably. In addition, ETNs are subject to risk of default by the issuer. This is the major distinction between ETFs and ETNs: while ETFs are subject to market risk, ETNs are subject to both market risk and the risk of default by the issuer. ETNs are also subject to the risk that a liquid secondary market for any particular ETN might not be established or maintained. |
· | Foreign Currency Risk: Currency trading risks include market risk, credit risk and country risk. Market risk results from adverse changes in exchange rates in the currencies the Fund is long or short. Credit risk results because a currency-trade counterparty may default. Country risk arises because a government may interfere with transactions in its currency. |
· | Foreign Investment and Foreign Exchange Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Investing in emerging markets imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. |
· | Hedging Risks: Although derivative instruments may be used to offset or hedge against losses on an opposite position, such hedges can also potentially offset any gains on the opposite position. The Fund may also be exposed to the risk it may be required to segregate assets or enter into offsetting positions in connection with investments in derivatives, but such segregation will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss. The Fund may also incur risk with respect to the segregated assets to the extent that, but for the applicable segregation requirement in connection with its investments in derivatives, the Fund would sell the segregated assets. |
· | High Yield or Junk Bond Risk: Lower-quality convertible debt securities, known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price. |
· | High-Growth Company-Related Risks: The Fund may invest in high-growth companies, which may allocate, or may have allocated, greater than usual amounts to research and product development. The securities of these companies may experience above-average price movements associated with the perceived prospects of success of their research and development programs. |
· | Impairment of Collateral Risk: The value of non-cash collateral securing an investment may fluctuate and diverge from the value of the investment. If the value of collateral declines, it may become insufficient to meet an investment counterparty’s obligations to the Fund and/or make it more difficult for the Fund to liquidate collateral. In addition, the Fund’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. |
· | Issuer Concentration Risk: The Fund may hold securities of a single issuer representing up to 5% of that issuer’s total outstanding securities. As such, the Fund has a greater potential to realize losses upon the occurrence of adverse events affecting that issuer or in the event that Fund has to quickly sell its position in that issuer. |
· | Issuer-Specific Risk: The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. |
· | Leverage Risk: The use of leverage by the Fund, such as borrowing money to purchase securities or the use of options, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Fund’s gains or losses. |
· | Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. |
· | Management Risk: The Adviser’s judgments about the investment expertise of the sub-adviser may prove to be inaccurate and may not produce the desired results. The sub-adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation or depreciation of a particular security in which the Fund invests or sells short may prove to be inaccurate and may not produce the desired results. |
· | Market Risk: Overall securities market risks may affect the value of individual instruments in which the Fund invests. Factors such as domestic and foreign economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels, and political events affect the securities and derivatives markets. When the value of the Fund’s investments goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value and you could lose money. |
· | Non-Diversification Risk: As a non-diversified fund, the Fund may invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers. The Fund’s performance may be more sensitive to any single economic, business, political or regulatory occurrence than the value of shares of a diversified investment company. |
· | Options Risk: Because option premiums paid or received by the Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a written option (also known as a short position) if the price of the written option increases in value between the date when the Fund writes the option and the date on which the Fund purchases an offsetting position. The Fund’s losses are potentially significant in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in a written call transaction. |
· | Other Investment Companies Risk: Other Investment Companies are subject to their own expenses which will be indirectly paid by the Fund, thereby increasing the cost of investing in the Fund. |
· | Preferred Stock Risk: Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of preferred stock. Preferred stocks are also subject to credit and default risk, which is the possibility that an issuer of preferred stock will fail to make its dividend payments. |
· | Real Estate Sector Concentration Risk: Under normal circumstances, the Fund will concentrate its investments in securities of real estate or real estate related companies. As such, its portfolio will likely be significantly impacted by the performance of the real estate market and may experience more volatility and be exposed to greater risk than a more diversified portfolio. The value of real estate companies may be affected by various factors, including, but not limited to the following: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. As a result of the Fund’s concentration in securities of real estate companies, investing in the Fund may entail greater risk and experience more volatility than other funds that diversify across multiple sectors. |
· | REIT Risk: Investing in real estate investment trusts, or “REITs”, involves certain unique risks in addition to those associated with the real estate sector generally. REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or region are also subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. By investing in REITs through the Fund, a shareholder will bear expenses of the REITs in addition to Fund expenses. |
· | Reliance on Corporate Management and Financial Reporting Risk: A sub-adviser necessarily relies on the financial information made available by the issuers of the equities in which it invests. The sub-adviser has no ability to independently verify the financial information disseminated by the issuers in which it invests. |
· | Restricted Securities Risk: Rule 144A securities, which are restricted securities, may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. A Rule 144A restricted security carries the risk that the Fund may not be able to sell a security when the portfolio manager considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price. |
· | Short Selling and Short Position Risk: The Fund will engage in short selling and short position derivative activities, which are significantly different from the investment activities commonly associated with conservative stock funds. Positions in shorted securities and derivatives are speculative and more risky than “long” positions (purchases) because the cost of the replacement security or derivative is unknown. Therefore, the potential loss on an uncovered short is unlimited, whereas the potential loss on long positions is limited to the original purchase price. You should be aware that any strategy that includes selling securities short could suffer significant losses. Shorting will also result in higher transaction costs (such as interest and dividends), which reduce the Fund’s return, and may result in higher taxes. In compliance with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, a Fund shareholder’s potential loss can only equal the value of Fund shares held at that time. |
· | Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk: Small and mid-sized companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Equities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general. |
· | Trade Execution Risk: The ability to enter into or exit from derivative trades may be materially impacted by fast moving and volatile markets. There is no guarantee that such trades can be executed. |
Performance
The bar chart and performance table below show the variability of the Fund’s Class I returns, which is some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows performance of the Fund’s Class I shares for each full calendar year since the Fund’s inception in 2011, which includes performance of the Predecessor Fund (as defined below) for periods prior to January 9, 2014. Returns for Class A and N, which are not presented, will vary from the returns of Class I shares. The performance table compares the performance of the Fund’s Class I, Class A, and Class N shares over time to the performance of a broad-based securities market index. Class C Shares of the Opportunistic Real Estate Fund have not yet commenced operations. You should be aware that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) may not be an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information will be available at no cost by visiting www.altegris.com or by calling 1-877-772-5838.
The prior performance shown below includes performance of the Fund’s predecessor limited partnership, American Assets Real Estate Securities Fund, L.P. (“Predecessor Fund”) which was managed by American Assets Investment Management, LLC, (“AAIM”) an affiliate and predecessor firm of AACA Fund’s sub-adviser. The Predecessor Fund was not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (“1940 Act”), and was reorganized as a series of the Trust effective January 9, 2014. The Predecessor Fund, since its inception on February 1, 2011, was managed by AAIM in the same style, and pursuant to substantially identical real estate long-short strategies, investment goals and guidelines, as are presently pursued on behalf of the Fund by AACA as its sub-adviser, as further described herein. The prior annual returns and performance track record that follows includes performance of the Predecessor Fund since its inception (while it was a limited partnership), and is net of applicable management fees (1.50% annually), performance fees and other actual expenses of the Predecessor Fund. The method used to calculate the Predecessor Fund’s performance differs from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) standardized method of calculating performance because the Predecessor Fund employed monthly, rather than daily, valuation and this may produce different results. From its inception on February 1, 2011 through January 9, 2014, the inception date of the Fund, the Predecessor Fund was not subject to certain investment restrictions, diversification requirements, limitations on leverage and other restrictions of the 1940 Act and of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”), which if they had been applicable, might have adversely affected its performance. In addition, the Predecessor Fund was not subject to sales loads which are applicable to certain classes of Fund shares, and which also would have adversely affected performance.
Performance Bar Chart For Class I Shares
Calendar Years Ended December 31
.[to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Best Quarter | First Quarter 2012 | 10.93% |
Worst Quarter | Second Quarter 2015 | (4.70)% |
The following table shows the average annual returns for the Fund’s Class I shares, which includes performance of the Predecessor Fund for periods prior to January 9, 2014 over various periods ended December 31, 2016. The Predecessor Fund was an unregistered limited partnership, did not qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes, did not have a distribution policy, and did not pay annual dividends and distributions. The index information is intended to permit you to compare the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.
Average Annual Total Returns
For Periods ended December 31, 2018
.[to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund |
One Year |
Five Years |
Since Inception (1/09/14) |
Since Inception (2/11/2011)* |
Class I shares return before taxes* | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Class I shares return after taxes on distributions | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Class I shares return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares |
[XXX]%
|
[XXX]%
|
[XXX]%
|
[XXX]%
|
Class A shares return before taxes | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Class N shares return before taxes | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Total Return Index** | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
Standard & Poor’s 500 Total Return Index*** | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% | [XXX]% |
After-tax returns were calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the Fund through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). After tax returns for Class A and Class N shares will vary from Class I shares.
* | The performance of Class I shares reflects performance which includes performance of the Predecessor Fund, since inception February 11, 2011 as described above, and presented on an annualized basis. |
** | The Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Total Return Index (“DJUSRET”) is an unmanaged index considered to be representative of REITs and other companies that invest directly or indirectly in real estate, and reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes. |
*** | The Standard & Poor’s 500 Total Return Index (“S&P 500 TR”) Index is an unmanaged index consisting of 500 stocks chosen for their market size, liquidity and industry representation, and is considered to be representative of the U.S. equity market, and reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes. |
Unlike mutual funds investors cannot invest in an index and the index does not reflect any trading costs or management fees.
Investment Adviser
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C.
Sub-Adviser
American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC.
Portfolio Manager
Burland B. East III, CFA, has served the Fund as the Portfolio Manager since its commencement of operations in 2014, and also served as portfolio manager of the Predecessor Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading by written request, telephone, www.altegris.com, or through your broker. Redemptions will be paid by automated clearing house funds (“ACH”), check or wire transfer. The Fund or its Adviser may waive any of the minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts.
Class | Minimum Investment | |
Initial | Subsequent | |
A | $2,500 | $250 |
C | $5,000 | $250 |
I | $1,000,000 | $250 |
N | $2,500 | $250 |
Tax Information
Dividend and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-deferred plan such as an IRA or 401(k) plan. However, these dividend and capital gain distributions may be taxable upon their eventual withdrawal from tax-deferred plans.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
The investment objective and principal strategies of the Fund are described in this section. The Fund’s investment objective(s) are non-fundamental policies and the Fund’s investment objective(s) may be changed without shareholder approval by the Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees” or “Board of Trustees”) upon 60 days written notice to shareholders. If the Fund’s investment objective is changed, the prospectus will be supplemented to reflect the new investment objective. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective(s). Please see the statement of additional information (“SAI”) for additional information about the securities and investment strategies described in this prospectus and about additional securities and investment strategies that may be used by the Fund.
The 80% investment policies of the Fund may be changed by the Board of Trustees, without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ written notice to the Fund’s shareholders.
Investment Objectives
Fund | Investment Objective(s) |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund (“Opportunistic Real Estate Fund”) |
The Fund seeks to provide total return through long term capital appreciation and current income by investing, both long and short, in equity securities of real estate and real estate related companies. |
Principal Investment Strategies
Adviser’s Investment Process
The Adviser’s investment process with respect to the Fund consists of five primary stages: (1) asset allocation; (2) sourcing; (3) evaluating investment managers; (4) portfolio construction; and (5) ongoing investment monitoring, risk management and reallocation. The Adviser applies this same process as it relates to its analysis of the Other Investment Companies and/or Underlying Pools (and their respective strategies, sub-advisers and investments) into which the Fund will invest a portion of its assets as described above.
The Adviser’s investment process includes what the Adviser believes is a rigorous methodology for sourcing, evaluating and qualifying prospective equity long short, fixed income long short, and real estate long short investment manager candidates for selection to serve as sub-advisers of the respective Funds. This process is coordinated in conjunction with the Adviser’s procedures within asset allocation and portfolio construction. Once an investment manager has been engaged as a sub-adviser to the Fund and begins managing a portion of the assets in the Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser performs extensive ongoing monitoring to assess performance, identify potential style drift, and evaluate core components of risk management. A summary of the Adviser’s process is as follows:
ASSET ALLOCATION |
· Analysis of top down and bottom-up factors affecting asset class · Determine, as applicable, Multi-Strategy Alternative sub-strategy weightings |
SOURCING |
· Analyze investment managers that represent asset class and sub-strategies · Initial investment and operational reviews · Analyze investment vehicles and instruments including Underlying Pools, swaps, and structured notes, as applicable |
EVALUATING |
· Rigorous due diligence - Document collection and review - Investment due diligence - Operational due diligence |
PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION |
· Select and engage sub-advisers from among qualified prospective investment · Quantitative portfolio optimization · Qualitative assessment |
MONITORING, RISK MANAGEMENT & REALLOCATION |
· Ongoing monitoring of sub-adviser and portfolio investment managers · Assess investment results of sub-advisers by assessing: - Returns - Standard deviations - Performance attribution - Style drift - Correlation changes - Counterparty and/or issuer credit quality - Management changes · Rebalance between sub-adviser strategies and/or reallocate to new sub-advisers · Rebalance between sub-adviser strategies and Underlying Pools, swaps, structured notes or other investments, and/or reallocate to new Underlying Pools, swaps, structured notes or other investments, as applicable |
Asset Allocation: The Adviser opportunistically determines the relevant sub-strategies that should comprise the portfolio within an asset allocation framework for the Fund. To determine recommended sub-strategy ranges, the process incorporates a combination of top-down and bottom-up analysis that includes quantitative and qualitative factors. The experience of the Adviser is critical in determining the qualitative rationale of relevant drivers for sub-strategies within available investment options.
Sourcing: The next step in the investment process is the sourcing of initially, and in the case of multi-manager funds, on an ongoing basis, of investment managers as prospective sub-advisers from the large and growing universe of relevant managers. The sourcing of sub-advisers is derived from years of alternative industry experience of the Portfolio Managers, and the Adviser’s management. The Adviser’s network of relationships with investment professionals plays an important role. Specific sources can include alternative investment managers, traders, research analysts, other industry contacts and existing investment manager relationships. Other resources include proprietary and public databases and prime brokers. Once the Adviser has identified investment managers that are of initial interest as candidates for potential engagement as sub-advisers, these managers are presented to an Investment Committee composed of the Adviser’s Portfolio Managers and key members from the Adviser’s research group and management of the Adviser and its affiliates. The Investment Committee reviews the initial due diligence of the prospective sub-advisers performed by the research group to determine which of these initially-reviewed investment managers advance for further evaluation as candidates for engagement as sub-advisers in the next stage of review, or for further evaluation as candidates for engagement of implementation into a Fund’s investment portfolio.
Evaluating: For prospective sub-adviser candidates that advance from the initial review process, the Adviser performs a rigorous due diligence process. In addition to qualitative discussions with the sub-advisers and their respective portfolio managers as well as quantitative analysis of the investment strategies performed during the initial review process, the Adviser conducts further reviews that include (1) documentation collection and review, (2) investment due diligence and (3) operational due diligence.
The list of documentation required and reviewed by the Adviser is lengthy. However, as each investment is unique, not all documentation is required for Investment Committee approval, nor are all documents requested applicable to or available from each prospective sub-adviser candidate. Requested documentation typically encompasses offering or promotional materials for other funds or accounts advised by the sub-adviser candidate pursuant to the same or a similar strategy to that under evaluation by the Adviser, reporting and annual audits for such other funds or accounts, a due diligence questionnaire, investor communications and other materials. The investment and operational due diligence process includes one or more onsite manager visits and multiple interviews, quantitative analysis, background checks and review of the investment strategy, process and risk management as well as business management issues. While due diligence varies across investment managers and investment strategies, the process includes detailed analysis into the investment and operational foundation of a prospective sub-adviser candidate. Among the specifics reviewed by the Adviser are:
1. | Ability of the manager to generate returns within specific risk parameters; |
2. | stability of manager’s investment process and its ability to sustain return; |
3. | expertise of the manager’s firm and its employees; |
4. | differentiating factors that give the manager an investment edge; |
5. | infrastructure of the manager’s firm from research to trading to operations; |
6. | the manager’s risk control procedures, both from a business and investment standpoint; and |
7. | the manager’s overall business organization. |
After numerous contact points, all investment manager information for prospective sub-adviser candidates is documented within a formal report for review and subject to final approval by the Investment Committee.
Portfolio Construction: Investment managers and investment strategies approved by the Investment Committee, within predefined sub-strategies or manager styles, are then available for possible engagement by the Fund as sub-advisers. The construction process includes a combination of quantitative review, along with a qualitative assessment of each prospective sub-adviser and its respective portfolio management personnel.
Monitoring, Risk Management and Reallocation: Upon engagement as sub-adviser to the Fund, tracking and monitoring is a critical component of the Adviser’s approach to maintaining a portfolio designed to capture returns related to manager skill beyond available market beta. The Adviser’s research staff and Portfolio Managers closely monitor the investment results for the Fund and sub-adviser. From a risk management perspective, the Adviser will review underlying daily portfolio holdings and their associated statistical risk at both a total portfolio level and from an individual sub-adviser standpoint. On an ongoing basis, the Adviser performs quantitative analyses of performance against predefined parameters, looking for unexplained differences, including any material sub-adviser portfolio management changes in business or investment strategy (style drift), material changes in operations, service providers and key personnel as well as any other piece of information that may cause the Adviser to re-evaluate a particular sub-adviser. Additionally, the Adviser monitors each sub-adviser’s volatility relative to historical performance and benchmarks, trading frequency, changes in the management and changes in correlation among the returns of the various long short or multi-strategy sub-strategies used by the Fund. The Adviser may, based on market conditions and its assessment of various quantitative and qualitative factors, opportunistically reallocate Fund assets among other sub-advisers approved by the Investment Committee.
Generally, the Adviser’s investment process narrows the universe of potential investment managers through a rigorous screening and assessment process that includes the quantitative and qualitative information regarding prospective investment strategies deployed. The Adviser expects to allocate the Fund’s assets to sub-advisers that represent a diversified portfolio. However, asset allocation will vary by sector and sub-strategy, as determined by the Adviser from time to time. The Fund’s investment portfolio is rebalanced among existing or additional approved sub-advisers as a result of the Adviser’s asset allocation, sourcing, evaluating, portfolio construction and monitoring policies.
Sub-Adviser
The Adviser determines the various percentages of the Fund’s assets to be allocated among each of the sub-advisers and retains the ability to override the sub-adviser’s selection of securities if it believes an investment or allocation is not consistent with the Fund’s investment guidelines. In the case of the Fund, the Adviser has delegated management of the entire portfolio to one sub-adviser. The Adviser is also responsible for ongoing performance evaluation and monitoring of the sub-adviser of the Fund. The Adviser, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the Fund and other funds it advises or may advise in the future that are each a series of the Trust, was granted an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Adviser, with Board of Trustees’ approval, to enter into, replace, or amend, sub-advisory agreements with sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified within 90 days of the engagement of an additional sub-adviser or sub-advisers to manage a portion of the Fund’s portfolios.
While each sub-adviser is subject to the oversight of the Adviser, the Adviser will not attempt to coordinate or manage the day-to-day investments of the sub-advisers. Each sub-adviser has discretion to invest the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to it by the Adviser as it deems appropriate, based on its particular philosophy, style, strategies and views.
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Investment Strategies and Process
The Adviser has delegated to AACA, as the Fund’s sub-adviser, discretion to invest the Fund’s assets based on the sub-adviser’s particular real estate long short philosophies, styles, strategies and views, as described below, subject to the ultimate oversight of the Adviser. In its selection and engagement of AACA as sub-adviser of the Fund, and in its continuing monitoring and evaluation of the Fund’s investment portfolio, the Adviser applies what it believes to be a rigorous methodology for sourcing, evaluation, qualification and selection of effective managers within the real estate long short investment space. This selection and oversight process is coordinated in conjunction with the Adviser’s procedures within asset allocation and portfolio construction, which includes, performing extensive ongoing monitoring to assess performance, identifying potential style drift, and evaluating core components of risk management.
A critical component of the Adviser’s role, in close coordination with the sub-adviser’s implementation of the investment strategies described below, is that of tracking and monitoring portfolio investments to ensure that returns captured by the Fund relate to manager skill beyond available market beta. The Adviser’s research staff and Portfolio Manager closely monitor the investment results from a risk management perspective and review underlying daily portfolio holdings and their associated statistical risks. On an ongoing basis, the Adviser performs quantitative analyses of performance against predefined parameters, looking for any unexplained differences, including any material sub-adviser portfolio management changes in business or investment strategy (style drift), material changes in operations, service providers and key personnel as well as any other piece of information. The Adviser also monitors volatility relative to historical performance and benchmarks and trading frequency.
In managing the Fund’s real estate long short investments portfolio, AACA’s goal as the Fund’s sub-adviser is generation of above-average, risk-adjusted total returns by identifying opportunities of real estate securities trading at less than intrinsic values. In sourcing investment candidates, both long and short, the sub-adviser screens companies and their securities with reference to six key factors: (i) value and characteristics of underlying real estate ownership; (ii) reliability and performance of management teams; (iii) valuation of securities issued by the companies; (iv) financial analysis; (v) transparency of reporting; and (vi) liquidity.
Once potential investment candidates are identified, the sub-adviser pursues a process of fundamental analysis to determine appropriate valuations and selection criteria of securities applying the factors described above, including review of publicly available information including SEC filings, press releases, and conference call records. If determined appropriate, the sub-adviser will also (i) conduct interviews with management, (ii) conduct field research and on-site diligence, and (iii) contact Wall Street securities analysts and other industry experts for their views of the company and any “institutional” bias that may exist. The sub-adviser screens and re-screens securities on a constant basis looking for relative under and over valuation as compared primarily to underlying or intrinsic net asset value, and remains flexible to adjust as economic environments and specific conditions of a company’s buying, selling, building or managing of real estate assets and locations may change.
Selection of portfolio investments will reflect an emphasis on the pursuit of total return, which is a combination of dividends and interest, capital appreciation and options premiums, with dividends and interest given relative priority over potential appreciation. As a result, one of the largest sector components of the portfolio is expected to be the REIT markets, as they must pay out 90% of their taxable income in the form of dividends in order to satisfy REIT qualification requirements. In addition, derivatives, primarily options, will be used to hedge open positions and create additional exposure or income.
It is anticipated that the Fund’s investment portfolio will include at various times approximately 25 to 50 different types of real estate company securities, held both long and short, in addition to index related investment vehicles comprised of multiple underlying securities, such as ETFs, although the Fund may at times be less than fully invested, depending on then-existing market conditions. The Fund generally expects to be long biased and net long, particularly in light of the sub-adviser’s long-term expectation that recovery in commercial real estate markets will continue to occur. Investments in real estate companies will be diversified across sectors and issuers within limitations under the 1940 Act applicable to “non-diversified” mutual funds.
At the portfolio and position level, AACA views risk management to be as critical as individual security selection, and intends to control risk by carefully selling securities that it believes are overpriced, since fully priced or over-priced securities are more likely to experience greater price declines in falling markets than undervalued securities. Exposure to sectors and securities, including on a look-through basis to the underlying tenants of the real estate companies whose securities the Fund owns, will be monitored. Specific fundamental characteristics of portfolio company securities holdings, including company business plans, are analyzed to establish baseline levels of company-specific or security-specific risk, with heightened attention to financial leverage, which could lead a company to report excellent results in good economic climates and very poor results in weak economic environments. Risk may also managed through hedging both specific securities and the investment portfolio as a whole in a variety of manners, including shorting stocks, shorting ETFs, and purchasing negatively correlated ETFs, as well as implementing purchase and sale limit orders and out of the money sell orders on a selective basis.
Temporary Investments
To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments. These short-term debt securities and money market instruments include: shares of money market mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and U.S. Government securities. While the Fund is in defensive positions, the opportunity to achieve its investment objectives will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Fund invests in money market mutual funds for cash positions, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund pays its pro-rata portion of such money market funds’ advisory fees and operational fees. The Fund may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.
Description of Principal Investment Risks
The following risks may apply to the Fund's direct investments as well the Fund’s indirect risks through investing in Underlying Pools, or a Subsidiary.
Active and Frequent Trading Risk: Executing the strategies of the Fund may from time to time require frequent trading by the Fund, resulting in substantial brokerage commissions and other transaction fees and expenses. These expenses must be offset by investment gains in order for the Fund to be profitable. Furthermore, because a sub-adviser may utilize “soft dollars” to pay research and brokerage expenses to the extent that the sub-adviser believes is consistent with the “safe harbor” provided by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the sub-adviser has an incentive to trade the Fund’s assets in higher volumes than the sub-adviser otherwise would. Active and frequent trading may lead to a greater proportion of the Fund’s gains being treated for federal income tax purposes as short-term capital gains (which are generally taxable as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders) or may cause the Fund to distribute taxable income to its shareholders sooner than it would have distributed income if the investments were held for longer periods of time.
Alternative Strategies Risk: Alternative investment strategies pursued by the Fund may be subject to risks including, but not limited to, derivatives risk, liquidity risk, credit risk and commodities risk. Certain alternative strategies involve the risk that a counterparty to a transaction will not perform as promised, which would result in losses to the Fund. Furthermore, alternative strategies may employ leverage, involve extensive short positions and/or focus on narrow segments of the market, which may magnify the overall risks and volatility associated with such investments.
Convertible Securities Risk: Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to debt security risk and conversion value-related equity risk. Convertible bonds are similar to other fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline as interest rates increase. Convertible bonds are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion to equity feature is small relative to the interest and principal value of the bond. Convertible issuers may not be able to make principal and interest payments on the bond as they become due. Convertible bonds may also be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible bond held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing company’s common stock or cash at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to common stocks especially when their conversion value is greater than the interest and principal value of the bond. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuer’s failure to meet the market’s expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates. When a convertible bond’s value is more closely tied to its conversion to stock feature, it is sensitive to the underlying stock’s price.
Credit Risk: There is a risk that issuers will not make payments on securities held by the Fund, resulting in losses to the Fund. In determining the credit quality of fixed income securities, the Fund relies in part upon rating agencies which assign ratings based on their analysis of the issuer’s financial condition, economic and debt characteristics, and specific revenue sources securing the bond. There is a risk that the national credit rating agencies may be wrong in their determination of an issuer’s financial condition, or the risks associated with a particular security. A change in either the issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of the issuer’s business prospects will affect the value of its outstanding securities. Ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold and may be subject to review, revision, suspension or reduction, or may be withdrawn at any time. In addition, the credit quality of securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of the Fund. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult for the Fund to sell the security. Default, or the market’s perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund, thereby reducing the value of your investment in Fund shares. In addition, default may cause the Fund to incur expenses in seeking recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. Credit risk also exists whenever the Fund enters into a foreign exchange or derivative contract, because the counterparty may not be able or may choose not to perform under the contract. When the Fund invests in foreign currency contracts, or other over-the-counter derivative instruments (including options), it is assuming a credit risk with regard to the party with which it trades and also bears the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from risks associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily mark-to-market and settlement, segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. Relying on a counterparty exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. If a counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease. In addition, to the extent the Fund deals with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the credit risks associated with those counterparties. The Fund is neither restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty nor from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.
Derivatives Risk: The Fund may use derivatives (including swaps, options and futures) to enhance returns or hedge against market declines. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. These risks include: (i) the risk that the counterparty to a derivative transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations; (ii) risk of mispricing or improper valuation; and (iii) the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Derivative prices are highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time. Such prices are influenced by numerous factors that affect the markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events; changes in interest rates; inflation and deflation and changes in supply and demand relationships. Trading derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities including:
- | Leverage and Volatility Risk: Derivative contracts ordinarily have leverage inherent in their terms. The low margin deposits normally required in trading derivatives, including futures contracts, permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the Fund. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations or to meet collateral segregation requirements. The use of leveraged derivatives can magnify the Fund’s potential for gain or loss and, therefore, amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price. Valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil since many investors and market makers may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them. |
- | Liquidity Risk: Although it is anticipated that the derivatives traded by the Fund will be actively traded, it is possible that particular investments might be difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from executing positions at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring them to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy their obligations. Certain derivatives, such as futures, can become illiquid due to exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits. |
- | Risk of Options and Futures: The primary risks associated with the use of options and futures contracts are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by a Fund and the price of the futures contract or option; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Adviser’s or sub-adviser’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and (e) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations. Because option premiums paid or received by the Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities. |
- | Hedging Risks: Although derivative instruments may be used to offset or hedge against losses on an opposite position, such hedges can also potentially offset any gains on the opposite position. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging transactions will be effective. The Fund may also be exposed to the risk it may be required to segregate assets or enter into offsetting positions in connection with investments in derivatives, but such segregation will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss. The Fund may also incur risk with respect to the segregated assets to the extent that, but for the applicable segregation requirement in connection with its investments in derivatives, the Fund would sell the segregated assets. |
- | Tax Risk: The federal income tax treatment of a derivative may not be as favorable as a direct investment in an underlying asset and may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Fund realizes from its investments. As a result, a larger portion of the Fund’s distributions may be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gains. In addition, certain derivatives are subject to mark-to-market or straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If such provisions are applicable, there could be an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund. In addition, the tax treatment of certain derivatives, such as swaps, is unsettled and be subject to future legislature, regulation or administrative pronouncements issued by the Code. |
Developing and Emerging Markets Risk: The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in issuers from countries with newly organized or less developed securities markets. There are typically greater risks involved in investing in emerging markets securities. Generally, economic structures in these countries are less diverse and mature than those in developed countries and their political systems tend to be less stable. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries, therefore, security issuers, including governments, may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market countries also may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Investments in emerging markets countries may be affected by government policies that restrict foreign investment in certain issuers or industries. The potentially smaller size of their securities markets and lower trading volumes can make investments relatively illiquid and potentially more volatile than investments in developed countries, and such securities may be subject to abrupt and severe price declines. Due to this relative lack of liquidity, the Fund may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell a portfolio security at all. An inability to sell a portfolio position can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to meet cash obligations or take advantage of other investment opportunities.
Equity Securities Risk: The Fund will invest primarily in equity securities, including common stock which is susceptible to general stock market fluctuations, and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. The equity markets are speculative and highly issuer-specific. Mismanagement or misconduct by corporate offices can cause the complete loss of an equity investment, and the equity markets may be particularly susceptible to subjective investment factors and market sentiment. An equity security, or stock, represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company’s business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. While both represent proportional share ownership of a company, preferred stocks often pay dividends at a specific rate and have a preference over common stocks in dividend payments and liquidation of assets.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF) Risk: ETFs are a type of investment company bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF may represent a portfolio of securities, or may use derivatives in pursuit of its stated objective. The Fund may use ETFs to hedge its portfolio and there is a risk such investments may not perform as intended. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities held by the ETF, although a lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile. ETFs have management fees and other expenses which the Fund will indirectly bear. The market price of an ETF may be different from the net asset value of such ETF (i.e., an ETF may trade at a discount or premium to its net asset value) and the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by such a differential. In some cases, an ETF may seek to replicate the performance of a particular index by identifying and holding only a subset of the securities in the index or by holding one or more derivative instruments related to the index. In such cases, an investment in the ETF is subject to the risk that the replication strategy used by the ETF will fail to accurately track the performance of the index. In addition, ETFs that use derivatives may be subject to counterparty risk, liquidity risk, and other risks commonly associated with investments in derivatives.
Exchange-Traded Notes (ETN) Risk: ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed income securities and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. This type of debt security differs, however, from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings also may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If the Fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If the Fund holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the Fund a cash amount that would be equal to principal amount, less any applicable charges. ETNs also are subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed income risk.
Foreign Currency Risk: Currency trading involves significant risks, including market risk, interest rate risk, country risk, counterparty credit risk and short sale risk. Market risk results from the price movement of foreign currency values in response to shifting market supply and demand. Since exchange rate changes can readily move in one direction, a currency position carried overnight or over a number of days may involve greater risk than one carried a few minutes or hours. Interest rate risk arises whenever a country changes its stated interest rate target associated with its currency. Country risk arises because virtually every country has interfered with international transactions in its currency. Interference has taken the form of regulation of the local exchange market, restrictions on foreign investment by residents or limits on inflows of investment funds from abroad. Restrictions on the exchange market or on international transactions are intended to affect the level or movement of the exchange rate. This risk could include the country issuing a new currency, effectively making the “old” currency worthless.
Foreign Investment and Foreign Exchange Risk: Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Derivatives trades may take place on foreign markets or on a foreign exchange. Neither existing CFTC regulations nor regulations of any other U.S. governmental agency apply to transactions on foreign markets. Some of these foreign markets, in contrast to U.S. exchanges, are so-called principals’ markets in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual counterparty with whom the trader has entered into a commodity interest transaction and not of the exchange or clearing corporation. In these kinds of markets, there is a credit risk, including risk of bankruptcy or other failure or refusal to perform by the counterparty.
o | Special Risks of Developing and Emerging Markets: The economies of developing or emerging market countries may be more dependent on relatively few industries that may be highly vulnerable to local and global changes. The governments of developing and emerging market countries may also be more unstable than the governments of more developed countries and those countries are more likely to experience instability resulting from rapid changes or developments in social, political and economic conditions. These countries generally have less developed securities markets or exchanges, and less developed legal and accounting systems. Securities may be more difficult to sell at an acceptable price and may be more volatile than securities in countries with more mature markets. The value of developing or emerging market currencies may fluctuate more than the currencies of countries with more mature markets. Investments in developing or emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks of government restrictions, including confiscatory taxation, expropriation or nationalization of a company’s assets, restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies and restrictions on withdrawing assets from the country. Investments in securities of issuers in developing or emerging market countries may be considered speculative. |
o | Currency Risks: The Fund’s investments that are denominated in a foreign currency are subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. |
Hedging Risks: Although derivative instruments may be used to offset or hedge against losses on an opposite position, such hedges can also potentially offset any gains on the opposite position. The Fund may also be exposed to the risk it may be required to segregate assets or enter into offsetting positions in connection with investments in derivatives, but such segregation will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss. The Fund may also incur risk with respect to the segregated assets to the extent that, but for the applicable segregation requirement in connection with its investments in derivatives, the Fund would sell the segregated assets.
High-Growth Company-Related Risks: The Fund may invest in high-growth companies, which may allocate, or may have allocated, greater than usual amounts to research and product development. The securities of these companies may experience above-average price movements associated with the perceived prospects of success of their research and development programs. In addition, companies in which the Fund invests could be adversely affected by the lack of commercial acceptance of a new product or products or by technological change and obsolescence. Many of these companies may participate in undeveloped or limited markets, have limited products, rely on proprietary technology that may be difficult to protect from competitors, have no proven profit-making history, operate at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period, have limited access to capital and/or be in the developmental stages of their businesses.
High Yield or Junk Bond Risk: Lower-quality convertible debt securities, known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default and are considered speculative. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bond’s issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and the Fund’s share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds (liquidity risk). Such securities may also include “Rule 144A” securities, which are subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price.
Impairment of Collateral Risk: The value of collateral that may secure various forms of loans, swaps or other derivatives contracts may result in such transactions being viewed as safer as compared to those that may be unsecured. However, if the collateral posted is non-cash collateral, then what is known as collateral risk may be present. The value of non-cash collateral securing an investment may fluctuate and diverge from the value of the investment. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including credit quality, liquidity, price volatility, and exchange rate fluctuations. If the value of collateral declines, it may become insufficient to meet an investment counterparty’s obligations to the Fund and/or make it more difficult for the Fund to liquidate collateral. In addition, the Fund’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws.
Issuer Concentration Risk: The Fund may hold securities of a single issuer representing up to 5% of that issuer’s total outstanding securities. As such, the Fund has a greater potential to realize losses upon the occurrence of adverse events affecting that issuer or in the event that Fund has to quickly sell its position in that issuer.
Issuer-Specific Risk: The value of a specific security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of securities of smaller issuers can be more volatile than those of larger issuers. The value of certain types of securities can be more volatile due to increased sensitivity to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments. For example, technology companies are often characterized by above-average growth rates combined with rapid technological change and intense competition, causing their valuation to be difficult to predict and their stocks significantly more volatile than the overall equities markets.
Leverage Risk: Using borrowing or derivatives to increase the Fund’s combined long and short position exposure creates leverage, which can amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price and make the Fund’s returns more volatile. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The use of leverage also may cause the Fund to have higher expenses than those of mutual funds that do not use leverage. The Fund’s entry into swap contracts will involve indirect leverage because swap contract payments are based upon notional value rather than the amount invested.
Liquidity Risk: The Fund is subject to liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments of the Fund would be difficult to purchase or sell; possibly preventing the Fund from selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy obligations. A portion of the Fund’s assets will be invested in securities of investment vehicles that are not being traded on public or electronic exchanges. Funds with principal investment strategies that involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, non-U.S. securities, Rule 144A securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk.
Management Risk: The Adviser’s and sub-advisers’ judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes and securities in which the Fund invests or allocations among sub-advisers, strategies, or investments may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results. Additionally, the Adviser’s judgments about the potential performance of the sub-advisers may also prove incorrect and may not produce the desired results. There can be no assurance that either the sub-advisers selected by the adviser or the securities selected by the sub-advisers will produce positive returns. While the investment strategies employed by the sub-advisers are intended to be complementary, they may not in fact by complementary. The interplay of the various strategies employed by the sub-advisers may result in the Fund holding a significant amount of certain types of securities. The degree of correlation among the investment strategies of the sub-advisers and the market as a whole will vary as a result of market conditions and other factors, and certain sub-advisers could have a greater degree of correlation with each other and with the market than other sub-advisers.
o | Fundamental Analysis Risk: Fundamental analysis — which is based on the theory that market mispricings exist because market prices do not incorporate all knowable economic and other relevant data is subject to the risk of inaccurate or incomplete market information, as well as the difficulty of predicting future prices based upon analysis of all known information. Investments made on the basis of fundamental analysis are subject to significant losses when market sentiment leads to investments’ market prices being materially discounted from the expected prices indicated by fundamental analysis (as in the case of “flights to quality” when the demand for valuing certain risky investments plummets) or when technical factors, such as price momentum encouraged by trend following, dominate the market. Fundamental analysis is inherently subject to the risk of not having identified all the relevant economic factors. This risk may be exacerbated by the difficulty of even being aware of all relevant idiosyncratic factors (there may, for example, be dissension among management, illness of one or more key persons, or inaccurate accounting procedures, none of which is within the scope of the universe of data). Also, the macro-economic factors considered by a sub-adviser are difficult to evaluate or implement even by those traders who base their strategies on doing so. Fundamental analysis is also inherently subject to the unpredictable duration of periods during which market prices and “true value” as determined by such analysis will change. A sub-adviser may be entirely correct in its analysis of the idiosyncratic factors affecting the price of a stock, but the market may not reflect “true value” during the period that the sub-adviser determines a position in such stock can be held. Although a sub-adviser’s conviction in a particular position factors into the sub-adviser’s analysis of a likely “event path” through which value will be realized, there can be no assurance that the sub-adviser will correctly identify such “exit strategy” or “event path.” |
o | Limited Use of Technical Analysis Risk: A sub-adviser may use technical analysis (i.e., the analysis of historical and current market data into its investment decisions) only sparingly and as a means of selecting issuers for detailed fundamental analysis. Technical analysis posits that at any point in time the market price movements and patterns represent the collective judgments of likely millions of market participants and are the best source for predicting short- to mid-term price movements. This may be in direct contrast to a sub-adviser’s approach which posits that its analysis of the idiosyncratic factors affecting individual issuers will be able to identify material mispricings in the prevailing market prices. Periods during which technical factors dominate market pricing recur frequently. During such periods, the sub-adviser’s strategy may incur material losses despite having itself been successfully implemented. |
o | Resource-Intensive Strategy Risk: A sub-adviser’s focus on detailed fundamental analysis is resource-intensive. In seeking to identify investment opportunities for the Fund, a sub-adviser may be competing with other managers with resources many times greater than those of the sub-adviser. |
Market Risk: The net asset value of the Fund will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the securities and derivatives in which the Fund invests. The Fund invests in securities and derivatives, which may be more volatile and carry more risk than some other forms of investment. The price of securities and derivatives may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Security and derivative prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of securities and derivatives in broad market segments may be adversely affected by price trends in commodities, interest rates, exchange rates or other factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of an issuer.
Non-Diversification Risk: As a non-diversified fund, the Fund may invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers, and the Multi-Strategy Alternative may also invest in Other Investment Companies and Underlying Pools that are non-diversified. Because a relatively high percentage of the assets of the Fund may be invested in the securities of a limited number of issuers, the value of shares of the Fund may be more sensitive to any single economic, business, political or regulatory occurrence than the value of shares of a diversified investment company. This fluctuation, if significant, may affect the performance of the Fund.
Options Risk: Because option premiums paid or received by the Fund are small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options, buying and selling put and call options can be more speculative than investing directly in securities. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of a written option (also known as a short position) if the price of the written option increases in value between the date when the Fund writes the option and the date on which the Fund purchases an offsetting position. The Fund’s losses are potentially significant in a written put transaction and potentially unlimited in a written call transaction.
Other Investment Companies Risk: Other Investment Companies are subject to their own expenses which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. The cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Other Investment Companies and may be higher than funds that invest directly in only stocks and bonds. Other Investment Companies are subject to their own specific risks, depending on the nature of the strategies they pursue.
Preferred Stock Risk: The value of preferred stocks will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of preferred stock. Preferred stocks are also subject to credit risk, which is the possibility that an issuer of preferred stock will fail to make its dividend payments. Preferred stock prices tend to move more slowly upwards than common stock prices.
Real Estate Sector Concentration Risk: Under normal circumstances, the Real Estate Fund will concentrate its investments in securities of real estate or real estate related companies. As such, its portfolio will likely be significantly impacted by the performance of the real estate market and may experience more volatility and be exposed to greater risk than a more diversified portfolio. The value of real estate companies may be affected by various factors, including, but not limited to the following: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. As a result of the Fund’s concentration in securities of real estate companies, investing in the Fund may entail greater risk and experience more volatility than other funds that diversify across multiple sectors.
REIT Risk: Investing in real estate investment trusts, or “REITs”, involves certain unique risks in addition to those associated with the real estate sector generally. REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or region are also subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. By investing in REITs through the Fund, a shareholder will bear expenses of the REITs in addition to Fund expenses.
Reliance on Corporate Management and Financial Reporting Risk: A sub-adviser necessarily relies on the financial information made available by the issuers of the equities in which it invests. The sub-adviser has no ability to independently verify the financial information disseminated by the issuers in which it invests and is dependent upon the integrity of both the management of these issuers and the financial reporting process in general. Past and recurring events have demonstrated that investors such as the Fund can incur material losses as a result of corporate mismanagement, fraud and accounting irregularities.
Restricted Securities Risk: Rule 144A securities, which are restricted securities, may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. A Rule 144A restricted security carries the risk that the Fund may not be able to sell a security when the portfolio manager considers it desirable to do so and/or may have to sell the security at a lower price. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for Rule 144A securities than for more liquid securities. Although there is a substantial institutional market for Rule 144A securities, it is not possible to predict exactly how the market for Rule 144A securities will develop. A restricted security that when purchased was liquid in the institutional markets may subsequently become illiquid.
Short Selling and Short Position Risk: A short sale is effected by selling a security that the Fund does not own, or selling a security which the Fund owns but that it does not deliver upon consummation of the sale. In order to initiate a “short” sale, a seller must “locate” a source from which the seller can borrow the securities to be sold short and, in order to make delivery to the buyer of a security sold short, the seller must borrow the security. In so doing, the seller incurs the obligation to replace that security, whatever its price may be, at the time it is required to deliver it to the lender. The Fund’s long positions could decline in value at the same time that the value of short positions increase, thereby increasing the Fund’s overall potential for loss. If the Fund sells a security short and subsequently has to buy the security back at a higher price, the Fund will lose money on the transaction. In contrast to the Fund’s long positions, for which the risk of loss is typically limited to the amount invested, the potential loss on short positions is theoretically higher. However, the Fund will be in compliance with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, to ensure that a Fund shareholder will not lose more than the amount invested in the Fund. The use of short sales, which has the effect of leveraging the Fund, could increase the exposure of the Fund to the market, increase losses and increase the volatility of returns. Market factors may prevent the Fund from closing out a short position at the most desirable time or at a favorable price. “Short squeezes” are recurrent market events in which certain traders drive up the price and attempt to acquire a substantial percentage of the trading market in a stock, forcing the short sellers to incur major losses in closing out their short positions. A lender may request that borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an unfavorable price. If this occurs at the same that other short sellers of the same security also want to close out their positions, it is more likely that the Fund will have to cover its short sale at an unfavorable price and potentially reduce or eliminate any gain, or cause a loss, as a result of the short sale. When the Fund sells a security, the Fund must also pay to the lender of the security any dividends or interest payable on the security during the borrowing period and may have to pay a premium for the right to borrow the security. This obligation must, unless the Fund then owns or has the right to obtain, without payment, securities identical to those sold short — which the Fund will generally not do — be collateralized by a deposit of cash or marketable securities with the lender. From time to time, various regulatory authorities have imposed “short-selling bans” in selected securities (often, however, a wide population of securities), making it difficult if not impossible to continue to implement certain long-short (as well as other) equity strategies. In compliance with Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, a Fund shareholder’s potential loss can only equal the value of Fund shares held at that time.
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk: The value of small or medium capitalization company securities may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market in general. These companies may have narrower markets, limited product lines, fewer financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Investing in lesser-known, small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk of volatility of the Fund’s net asset value than is customarily associated with larger, more established companies.
Trade Execution Risk: The ability to enter into or exit from derivative trades may be materially impacted by fast moving and volatile markets. There is no guarantee that such trades can be executed.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
A description of the Fund’s policies regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund may, from time-to-time, make available month-end portfolio holdings information on the website www.altegris.com, including as applicable, information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings, investments in Other Investment Companies, securities issued by Underlying Pools, swaps and structured notes, as well as the alternative investment managers accessed through such investments, to the extent applicable. If month-end portfolio holdings are posted to the website, they are expected to be approximately 30 days old and remain available until new information for the next month is posted. Shareholders may request portfolio holdings schedules at no charge by calling 1-877-772-5838. The Adviser may also make available certain information about the Fund’s portfolio prior to the public dissemination of portfolio holdings, including, but not limited to, a Fund’s portfolio characteristics data; currency and sector exposures; a Fund’s asset class and instrument exposures; and a Fund’s performance attribution, by posting such information on the website www.altegris.com or upon reasonable request made to the Fund or the Adviser.
Cybersecurity
The computer systems, networks and devices used by the Fund and its service providers to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized by the Funds and their service providers, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.
Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate their NAV; impediments to trading; the inability of the Fund, the Adviser, and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information.
Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invest; counterparties with which the Fund engage in transactions; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for the Fund’s shareholders); and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future.
MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400, La Jolla, CA 92037, serves as investment Adviser to the Fund. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for management of the Fund’s investment portfolio including through the sub-advisers. The Adviser is responsible for selecting the Fund’s sub-advisers and assuring that investments are made according to the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions. The Adviser was established in 2010 for the purpose of advising mutual funds. As of December 31, 2018, the Adviser had approximately $[2.51] billion in assets under management. However, management of the Adviser and its affiliates, and the Fund’s Portfolio Managers, have substantial experience in both the selection and evaluation of alternative investment managers, portfolios and strategies, and the structuring, management and distribution of alternative investment products. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days’ written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Adviser, or by holders of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.[to be updated by subsequent amendment]
The Adviser is wholly-owned and controlled by (1) private equity funds managed by Aquiline Capital Partners LLC and its affiliates (“Aquiline”), and by Genstar Capital Management, LLC and its affiliates (“Genstar”), and (2) certain senior management of Altegris and certain of its affiliates. Established in 2005, Aquiline focuses its investments exclusively in the financial services industry. Established in 1988, Genstar focuses its investment efforts across a variety of industries and sectors, including financial services.
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund: Pursuant to an advisory agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, with respect to the Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee equal to 1.30% of the Fund’s average daily net assets, but in 2018 received an annual advisory fee equal to 1.36% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Adviser earned $2,667,077 in advisory fees, of which $134,803 were recaptured. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and/or absorb expenses of the Fund as described in the Fund Summary, until at least December 31, 2019, to ensure that total Annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement (exclusive of (i) any front-end or contingent deferred loads; (ii) brokerage fees and commissions; (iii) acquired fund fees and expenses; (iv) fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses); (v) borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), (vi) taxes, (vii) expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization; and (viii) extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the adviser)) will not exceed certain levels. Waived fees and absorbed expenses are subject to possible recoupment from the Funds in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. This agreement may only be terminated only by the Board of Trustees, on 60 days written notice to the Adviser.
Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Fund’s expenses and boost its performance. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the advisory and sub-advisory agreements are available in the annual shareholder report for the period ended December 31, 2018.
Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers
Sub-Adviser and Sub-Adviser Portfolio Managers
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund: American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC, (“AACA”), 11455 El Camino Real, Suite 140, San Diego, CA 92130, serves as the sub-adviser to the Fund. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and oversight by the Adviser, AACA is responsible for management of the Fund’s real estate company securities portfolio investments according to the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions. Pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and AACA, as a sub-adviser, AACA is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee based on the Fund’s average daily net assets that is paid by the Adviser, not the Fund. AACA is an SEC-registered investment advisory firm offering multiple strategies, including real estate long short investment strategies. The firm focuses on providing total returns through long term capital appreciation and current income. Effective September 2, 2014, as a result of an internal corporate restructuring of American Assets Investment Management, LLC (“AAIM”, the previously appointed sub-adviser to the Fund), AAIM’s real estate related advisory accounts were transferred to AACA, an entity registered with the SEC, in which AAIM is a 50% owner. AAIM served as the general partner and investment manager of the Predecessor Fund, and has served institutional investors since 2002. As of December 31, 2018, AACA had approximately $[293.7] million in assets under management. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Mr. Burland B. East III, CFA
Chief Executive Officer
Mr. East has served as the Chief Executive Officer and a portfolio manager of the sub-adviser since October 2010. From October 2001 to July 2010, he was a Managing Principal of Silver Portal Capital, LLC, a FINRA regulated investment bank specializing in institutional real estate. From August 1992 to February 2001, he served as a Managing Director, Senior Equity Analyst and Group Co-Head at Wachovia Securities (and its predecessor companies, First Union Securities, EVEREN Securities, Inc., Research Division and Kemper Securities Inc.), with primary responsibility for equity research coverage of all forms of publicly traded real estate companies and related investment banking. Mr. East serves on the Board of Advisors of Comunidad Realty Partners. Mr. East served as Independent Director at Excel Trust, Inc. (NYSE: EXL) from April 2010 to 2015. Mr. East is a former NAREIT member and was a Board Associate in 1998/1999. Mr. East served on the Leadership Council of the Lusk Center for Real Estate at the University of Southern California from 2003 to 2014. In 1996, 1997 and 1998, he was recognized among outstanding sell-side analysts by Dow Jones Publishing/Realty Stock Review. He holds a Chartered Financial Analyst designation. Mr. East received a Bachelor’s of Arts in Business and Master’s Degree in Business Administration from Loyola College in Maryland.
The Fund’s “Statement of Additional Information” provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and each portfolio manager’s ownership of Fund shares.
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund: Supplemental Prior Performance Information [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
The following performance chart shows the cumulative returns for the S&P 500 TR Index, the DJUSRET and the Predecessor Fund from the inception of the Predecessor Fund through December 31, 2013. In this chart, the performance of the Predecessor Fund is presented on a pro forma basis reflecting its performance net of the initial estimated fees and expenses of Class I Shares of the Fund (2.07%) – rather than presented net of the Predecessor Fund’s applicable management fees, performance fees and other actual expenses of the Predecessor Fund during this time period. Investors should be aware that from its inception on February 1, 2011 through the date of this Prospectus, the Predecessor Fund was not subject to certain investment restrictions, diversification requirements, limitations on leverage and other restrictions of the 1940 Act and of the Code, which if they had been applicable, might have adversely affected its performance. The method used to calculate the Predecessor Fund’s performance differs from the SEC’s standardized method of calculating performance because the Predecessor Fund employed monthly, rather than daily, valuation and this may produce different results. In addition, the Predecessor Fund was not subject to sales loads which are applicable to certain classes of Fund shares, and which also would have adversely affected performance.
The index information is intended to permit you to compare the Predecessor Fund to broad measures of market performance. The Adviser believes this chart may show investors the risk-management benefits of an investment in the real estate long short strategies previously pursued by the Predecessor Fund, and which are substantially identical to those pursued by the Fund as described herein.
Cumulative Performance Chart
Returns calculated beginning on February 1, 2011 through December 31, 2013, on a pro forma basis to reflect performance net of the initial estimated fees and expenses of Class I Shares of the Fund (2.07%).
The following table shows the average annual returns for the Predecessor Fund, from its inception through the calendar quarter ended December 31, 2013, also presented on a pro forma basis, as described above, reflecting its performance net of the initial estimated fees and expenses of Class I Shares of the Fund (2.07%) – rather than presented net of the Predecessor Fund’s applicable management fees, performance fees and other actual expenses of the Predecessor Fund during this time period.
Average Annual Total Returns
From Inception of Predecessor Fund
through Quarter Ended December 31, 2013
2011* | 2012 | 2013 |
Since Inception** (2-1-11) | |
Predecessor Fund | 4.03% | 23.81% | 6.32% | 11.38% |
Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Total Return Index | 2.20% | 18.94% | 1.78% | 7.57% |
Standard & Poor’s 500 Total Return Index | -0.25% | 15.98% | 32.41% | 15.75% |
* | Partial year, from February 1, 2011; not annualized. |
** | Performance since inception presented on an annualized basis. |
The DJUSRET is an unmanaged index considered to be representative of REITs and other companies that invest directly or indirectly in real estate, and reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes.
The S&P 500 TR Index is an unmanaged index consisting of 500 stocks chosen for their market size, liquidity and industry representation, and is considered to be representative of the U.S. equity market. Unlike mutual funds, indices do not reflect any trading costs or management fees and reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes.
Updated performance information will also be available at no cost by visiting www.altegris.com or by calling 1 (877) 772-5838.
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED
The net asset value (“NAV”) and offering price (NAV plus any applicable sales charges) of each class of shares is determined at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business. NAV is computed by determining, on a per-class basis, the aggregate market value of all assets of the Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding (assets-liabilities]/number of shares = NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV takes into account, on a per-class basis, the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees (if any), which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for a share class for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.
Generally, the Fund’s securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ”) National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Securities that are not traded or dealt in any securities exchange (whether domestic or foreign) and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available generally shall be valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask price on such over-the- counter market. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity.
If the security is not traded on an exchange, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. If market quotations are otherwise not readily available, or deemed unreliable for a security, or if a security’s value may have been materially affected by events occurring after the close of a securities market on which the security principally trades, but before the Fund calculates its NAV, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Adviser and/or relevant sub-adviser in accordance with such procedures approved by the Board. In this respect, the Adviser and/or sub-adviser participate in the valuation process by preparing the fair valuation for any such securities as per approved procedures and pursuant to a fair value process developed in coordination with the Fund’s administrator, auditors, and in some cases certain service providers to the issuers of securities subject to the fair valuation. This process is tested and subject to ongoing and periodic monitoring by the adviser and/or sub-adviser, the Fund’s administrator, and the Board.
Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. This fair value may also vary from valuations determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one or more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) adviser and/or sub-adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.
The Fund and the adviser may use independent
pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Fund’s securities.
In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. Because the
Fund may invest in Underlying Pools which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges, and these exchanges
may trade on weekends or other days when the Underlying Pools do not price their shares, the value of some of the Fund’s
portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares. In computing the NAV, the Fund values
foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing
of the NYSE. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events
materially affecting the value of a security in the Fund’s portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close
of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if
trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price
the security using the Fund’s fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage
of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities
can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing
policies will prevent dilution of the Fund’s NAV by short term traders. The determination of fair value involves subjective
judgments. As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by
other mutual funds to determine net asset value, from the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security, or from
market prices when they become available.
With respect to any portion of the Fund’s assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, the Fund’s net asset value is calculated based upon the net asset values of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
As a result of investments by a Fund, a Subsidiary, an Underlying Pool or other investment vehicle accessed by a Fund, if any, in foreign securities or other instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the NAV of the Fund’s shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of these instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the NYSE is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
Share Classes
This Prospectus describes 4 classes of shares offered by the Fund: Class A, Class C, Class I and Class N. The Fund offers 4 classes of shares so that you can choose the class that best suits your investment needs. Refer to the information below so that you can choose the class that best suits your investment needs. The main differences between the share classes are sales charges, ongoing fees and minimum investment. Class A charges a maximum sales load of 5.75% for Opportunistic Real Estate Fund and Class A and Class C charges a maximum deferred charge of 1.00%. Class A, Class C and Class N shares pay an annual distribution fee of up to 0.25%, 1.00%, and 0.25% respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to such Class for distribution and shareholder servicing expenses pursuant to the Trust’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1. Class I shares do not pay sales loads or 12b-1 fees. For information on ongoing distribution fees, see Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees on page 32 of this Prospectus. Each class of shares in a Fund represents interest in the same portfolio of investments within the Fund. There is no investment minimum on reinvested distributions and a Fund may change investment minimums at any time. The Funds reserve the right to waive sales charges, as described below, and investment minimums. All share classes may not be available for purchase in all states.
Class A Shares
Class A shares are offered at their public offering price, which is NAV plus the applicable sales charge and are subject to 12b-1 distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.25% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of Class A shares. The 12b-1 fees are accrued and paid monthly. Over time, fees paid under this distribution and service plan will increase the cost of a Class A shareholder’s investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges. The minimum initial investment in Class A shares of the Fund is $2,500 for all accounts. The minimum subsequent investment in Class A shares of the Fund is $250 for all accounts. The sales charge varies, depending on how much you invest. There are no sales charges on reinvested distributions. The following sales charges, apply to your purchases of Class A shares of a Fund unless waived as described under “Sales Charge Waivers”:
Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Amount Invested |
Sales Charge as a % of Offering Price(1) |
Sales Charge as a % of Amount Invested |
Dealer Reallowance |
Under $25,000 | 5.75% | 6.10% | 5.00% |
$25,000 to $49,999 | 5.00% | 5.26% | 4.25% |
$50,000 to $99,999 | 4.75% | 4.99% | 4.00% |
$100,000 to $249,999 | 3.75% | 3.83% | 3.25% |
$250,000 to $499,999 | 2.50% | 2.56% | 2.00% |
$500,000 to $999,999 | 2.00% | 2.04% | 1.75% |
$1,000,000 and above | 0.00% | 0.00% | See below |
(1) | Offering price includes the front-end sales load. The sales charge you pay may differ slightly from the amount set forth above because of rounding that occurs in the calculation used to determine your sales charge. |
A selling broker may receive commissions on purchases of Class A shares over $1 million calculated as follows: 1.00% on purchases between $1 million and $3 million, 0.50% on amounts over $3 million but less than $5 million, 0.25% on amounts over $5 million. The commission rate is determined based on the purchase amount combined with the current market value of existing investments in Class A shares. As shown, investors that purchase $1 million or more of a Fund’s Class A shares will not pay any initial sales charge on the purchase. However, purchases of $1 million or more of Class A shares may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) on shares redeemed during the first 18 months after their purchase in the amount of the commissions paid on the shares redeemed.
How to Reduce Your Sales Charge
You may be eligible to purchase Class A shares at a reduced sales charge. To qualify for these reductions, you must notify the Funds’ distributor, Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the “distributor”), in writing and supply your account number at the time of purchase. You may combine your purchase with those of your “immediate family” (your spouse and your children under the age of 21) for purposes of determining eligibility. If applicable, you will need to provide the account numbers of your spouse and your minor children as well as the ages of your minor children.
Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.
Rights of Accumulation: To qualify for the lower sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases of Class A shares, you may combine your new purchases of Class A shares with Class A shares of a Fund that you already own. The applicable initial sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current value of all other Class A shares that you own. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases and must be requested in writing when you buy your shares.
Shares of a Fund held as follows cannot be combined with your current purchase for purposes of reduced sales charges:
· | shares held indirectly through financial intermediaries other than your current purchase broker-dealer (for example, a different broker-dealer, a bank, a separate insurance company account or an investment adviser); |
· | shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plan (for example, a 401(k) plan) other than employer-sponsored IRAs; and |
· | shares held directly in the Fund account on which the broker-dealer (financial adviser) of record is different than your current purchase broker-dealer. |
Letter of Intent: Under a Letter of Intent (“LOI”), you commit to purchase a specified dollar amount of Class A shares of the Fund, with a minimum of $25,000, during a 13-month period. The 13-month period commences on the day that the LOI is received by the Fund, and you must tell the Fund that later purchases are subject to the LOI. Purchases submitted prior to the date the LOI is received by the Fund are not counted toward the sales charge reduction. The amount you agree to purchase determines the initial sales charge you pay. If the full face amount of the LOI is not invested by the end of the 13-month period, your account will be adjusted to the higher initial sales charge level for the amount actually invested. You are not legally bound by the terms of your LOI to purchase the amount of your shares stated in the LOI. The LOI does, however, authorize the Fund to hold in escrow 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase. If you do not complete the total intended purchase at the end of the 13-month period, the Fund’s transfer agent will redeem the necessary portion of the escrowed shares to make up the difference between the reduced rate sales charge (based on the amount you intended to purchase) and the sales charge that would normally apply (based on the actual amount you purchased).
Repurchase of Class A Shares: If you have redeemed Class A shares of a Fund within the past 120 days, you may repurchase an equivalent amount of Class A shares of the Fund at NAV, without the normal front-end sales charge. In effect, this allows you to reacquire shares that you may have had to redeem, without repaying the front-end sales charge. You may exercise this privilege only once and must notify the Fund that you intend to do so in writing. The Fund must receive your purchase order within 120 days of your redemption. Note that if you reacquire shares through separate installments (e.g., through monthly or quarterly repurchases), the sales charge waiver will only apply to those portions of your repurchase order received within 120 days of your redemption.
Sales Charge Waivers
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts to Class A Shares of the Fund will depend on whether you purchase your Class A Shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures (from those described above for Class A Shares generally) regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive such waivers or discounts.
Effective July 1, 2018, shareholders purchasing Class A Shares of the Fund through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus.
Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A Shares available at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management
The sales charge on purchases of Class A shares is waived for certain types of investors, including:
· | Current and retired directors and officers of the Fund, or the Adviser, or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates, or their families (e.g., spouse, children, mother or father). |
· | Employees of the Adviser and their families, or any full-time employee or registered representative of the distributor or of broker-dealers (each a “Selling Broker”) and their affiliates having dealer agreements with the distributor and their immediate families (or any trust, pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons). |
· | Any full-time employee of a bank, savings and loan, credit union or other financial institution that utilizes a Selling Broker to clear purchases of the fund’s shares and their immediate families. |
· | Participants in certain “wrap-fee” or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor. |
· | Clients of financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the distributor providing for the shares to be used in particular investment products made available to such clients and for which such registered investment advisers may charge a separate fee. |
· | Clients of financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the distributor to offer shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts, whether or not such accounts are subject to transaction fees. |
· | Institutional investors (which may include bank trust departments and registered investment advisers). |
· | Any accounts established on behalf of registered investment advisers or their clients by broker-dealers that charge a transaction fee and that have entered into agreements with the distributor. |
· | Separate accounts used to fund certain unregistered variable annuity contracts or Section 403(b) or 401(a) or (k) accounts. |
The Funds do not waive sales charges for the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of shares of a different fund where those shares were subject to a front-end sales charge (sometimes called “NAV transfer”). Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.
Class C Shares
Class C shares of the Fund are offered at their NAV without an initial sales charge. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Class C shares pay 1.00% on an annualized basis of their average daily net assets as reimbursement or compensation for service and distribution-related activities with respect to the Fund and/or shareholder services which amount is accrued and paid monthly. Over time, fees paid under this distribution and service plan will increase the cost of a Class C shareholder’s investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges.
Brokers that have entered into selling agreements with the Fund’s distributor may receive a commission of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class C at the time of purchase. Brokers may also receive distribution and/or shareholder service fees for Class C shares held for over a year.
If you redeem Class C shares within one year after purchase, you will be charged a CDSC of up to 1.00%. The charge will apply to the lesser of the original cost of the Class C shares being redeemed or the proceeds of your redemption and will be calculated without regard to any redemption fee. When you redeem Class C shares, the redemption order is processed so that the lowest CDSC is charged. Class C shares that are not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first. In addition, you will not be charged a CDSC when you redeem shares that you acquired through reinvestment of Fund dividends or capital gains. Any CDSC paid on the redemptions of Class C shares expressed as a percentage of the applicable redemption amount may be higher or lower than the charge described due to rounding.
The minimum initial investment in the Class C shares is $5,000 and the minimum subsequent investment is $250.
Class N Shares
Class N shares of the Fund are offered at their NAV without an initial sales charge. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Class N shares pay 0.25% on an annualized basis of their average daily net assets as reimbursement or compensation for service and distribution-related activities with respect to the Fund and/or shareholder services, which amount is accrued and paid monthly. Class N shares may not be available to all shareholders and have differing distribution and/or shareholder serving fees that reflect variations in distribution channels. Over time, fees paid under this distribution and service plan will increase the cost of a Class N shareholder’s investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges. The minimum initial investment in Class N shares is $2,500 and the minimum subsequent investment is $250.
Class I Shares
Class I shares of the Fund are sold at NAV without an initial sales charge and are not subject to 12b-1 distribution fees, but have a higher minimum initial investment than Class A, Class C and Class N shares. This means that 100% of your initial investment is placed into shares of the Fund. Unless otherwise waived by the Fund, Class I shares require a minimum initial investment of $1,000,000 and the minimum subsequent investment is $250. Class I shares are offered to investment and institutional clients of the Adviser and its affiliates, to certain persons affiliated with the Adviser, to certain of the Fund’s service providers, and to clients of financial institutions or intermediaries (i) that charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting or similar fee-based charges for financial services or (ii) that have entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor to offer Class I shares through a no-load network or platform.
Exchanges for Class I Shares
Holders of Class A and Class C shares issued by the Fund may exchange their shares for Class I shares provided that they: (1) hold their shares through a Selling Broker or other financial intermediary or institution that has a distribution agreement with the Fund’s distributor to offer Class I shares and which authorizes such an exchange; and (2) are otherwise eligible to invest in Class I shares in accordance with the terms of this Prospectus. Any such exchange is subject to the Funds’ discretion to accept or reject the exchange. Class A shareholders who purchased $1,000,000 or more of shares, and who then exchange them for Class I shares within eighteen months of the original purchase date, will be subject to a CDSC for such exchange in the same manner as would be applicable to a redemption of Class A shares purchased in an amount of $1,000,000 or more and redeemed within eighteen months of the date of original purchase, unless the Adviser in its sole discretion determines to waive the applicable CDSC. Class C shareholders who exchange them for Class I shares within one year of the original purchase date will be subject to a CDSC for such exchange in the same manner as would be applicable to a redemption of Class C shares made within one year of the date of original purchase, unless the Adviser in its sole discretion determines to waive the applicable CDSC. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange of Class A or Class C shares for Class I shares within the same Fund will not result in the recognition of a capital gain or loss.
Factors to Consider when Choosing a Share Class: When deciding which class of shares of a Fund to purchase, you should consider your investment goals, present and future amounts you may invest in the Fund, and the length of time you intend to hold your shares. To help you make a determination as to which class of shares to buy, please refer back to the examples of the Fund’s expenses over time in the “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” section for the Fund in this Prospectus. You also may wish to consult with your financial adviser for advice with regard to which share class would be most appropriate for you.
Purchasing Shares: You may purchase shares of a Fund by sending a completed application form to the following address:
Via Regular Mail | or Overnight Mail |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund C/O Gemini Fund Services, LLC P.O. Box 541150 Omaha, NE 68154 |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund C/O Gemini Fund Services, LLC 17645 Wright Street Suite 200 Omaha, NE 68130 |
The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Funds, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money-laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. As requested on the Application, you should supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing a P.O. Box will not be accepted. This information will assist the Funds in verifying your identity. Until such verification is made, the Funds may temporarily limit additional share purchases. In addition, the Funds may limit additional share purchases or close an account if it is unable to verify a shareholder’s identity. As required by law, the Funds may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.
Note: Gemini Fund Services, LLC, the Funds’ transfer agent, will charge a $25 fee against a shareholder’s account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Funds, for any check returned to the transfer agent for insufficient funds.
Purchase through Brokers: You may invest in the Funds through brokers or agents who have entered into selling agreements with the Funds’ distributor. The brokers and agents are authorized to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Funds. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf. The Funds will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or its designee receives the order. The broker or agent may set their own initial and subsequent investment minimums. You may be charged a fee if you use a broker or agent to buy or redeem shares of the Funds. Finally, various servicing agents use procedures and impose restrictions that may be in addition to, or different from those applicable to investors purchasing shares directly from the Funds. You should carefully read the program materials provided to you by your servicing agent.
Purchase by Wire: If you wish to wire money to make an investment in the Funds, please call the Funds 1-877-772-5838 for wiring instructions and to notify the Fund that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds via wire. The Funds will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Funds’ designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds.
Automatic Investment Plans: You may participate in a Fund’s Automatic Investment Plan, an investment plan that automatically moves money from your bank account and invests it in the Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers or automatic bank drafts. You may elect to make subsequent investments by transfers of a minimum of $500 on specified days of each month into your established Fund account. Please contact the Funds 1-877-772-5838 for more information about the Funds’ Automatic Investment Plans.
The Funds, reserve the right, in their sole discretion, to reject any application to purchase shares. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by a check drawn on a U.S. bank, thrift institutions, or credit union in U.S. funds for the full amount of the shares to be purchased. After you open an account, you may purchase additional shares by sending a check together with written instructions stating the name(s) on the account and the account number, to the above address. Make all checks payable to the Fund in which you choose to invest. The Funds will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Funds will not accept cash, third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares.
When Order is Processed: All shares will be purchased at the NAV per share (plus applicable sales charges, if any) next determined after the Fund receives your application or request in good order. All requests received in good order by the Fund before the close of NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time)) will be processed on that same day. Requests received after the close will be processed on the next business day.
Good Order · The name of the Fund and share class · The dollar amount of shares to be purchased · A completed purchase application or investment stub · Check payable to relevant Fund being purchased: “Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund” |
Retirement
Plans: You may purchase shares of the Funds for your individual retirement plans. Please call the Funds at
1-877-772-5838 for the most current listing and appropriate disclosure documentation on how to open a retirement account.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
Redeeming Shares
You may redeem all or any portion of the shares credited to your account by submitting a written request for redemption to the relevant Fund:
Via Regular Mail | or Overnight Mail |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund C/O Gemini Fund Services, LLC P.O. Box 541150 Omaha, NE 68154 |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund C/O Gemini Fund Services, LLC 17645 Wright Street Suite 200 Omaha, NE 68130 |
The Fund typically expects that it will take up to 7 days following the receipt of your redemption request to pay out redemption proceeds by check or electronic transfer. The Fund typically expects to pay redemptions from cash, cash equivalents, proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, any lines of credit, and then from the sale of portfolio securities. These redemption payment methods will be used in regular and stressed market conditions.
Redemptions by Telephone: The telephone redemption privilege is automatically available to all new accounts except retirement accounts. If you do not want the telephone redemption privilege, you must indicate this in the appropriate area on your account application or you must write to the Fund and instruct it to remove this privilege from your account.
The proceeds will be sent by mail to the address designated on your account or wired directly to your existing account in a bank or brokerage firm in the United States as designated on your application. To redeem by telephone, call 1-877-772-5838. The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of your telephone instructions. IRA accounts are not redeemable by telephone.
The Fund reserves the right to suspend the telephone redemption privileges with respect to your account if the name(s) or the address on the account has been changed within the previous 30 days. Neither the Funds, the transfer agent, nor their respective affiliates will be liable for complying with telephone instructions they reasonably believe to be genuine or for any loss, damage, cost or expense in acting on such telephone instructions and you will be required to bear the risk of any such loss. The Fund or the transfer agent, or both, will employ reasonable procedures to determine that telephone instructions are genuine. If the Funds and/or the transfer agent do not employ these procedures, they may be liable to you for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. These procedures may include, among others, requiring forms of personal identification prior to acting upon telephone instructions, providing written confirmation of the transactions and/or tape recording telephone instructions.
Redemptions through Broker: If shares of the Funds are held by a broker-dealer, financial institution or other servicing agent, you must contact that servicing agent to redeem shares of the Fund. The servicing agent may charge a fee for this service.
Redemptions by Wire: You may request that your redemption proceeds be wired directly to your bank account. The Funds’ transfer agent imposes a $15 fee for each wire redemption and deducts the fee directly from your account. Your bank may also impose a fee for the incoming wire.
When Redemptions are Sent: Once the Funds receives your redemption request in “good order” as described below, it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request. The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of a request in “good order.” If you purchase shares using a check and soon after request a redemption, your redemption proceeds will not be sent until the check used for your purchase has cleared your bank.
Good Order ·
The request should be in writing, unless redeeming by telephone, indicating · The request must identify your account number ·
The request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, · If you request that the redemption proceeds be sent to a person, bank or an address other than that of record or paid to someone other than the record owner(s), or if the address was changed within the last 30 days, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor |
When You Need Medallion Signature Guarantees: If you wish to change the bank or brokerage account that you have designated on your account, you may do so at any time by writing to the Funds with your signature guaranteed. A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account transfers. You will need your signature guaranteed if:
· | you request a redemption to be made payable to a person not on record with the Funds; |
· | you request that a redemption be mailed to an address other than that on record with the Funds; |
· | the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000; |
· | any redemption is transmitted by federal wire transfer to a bank other than the bank of record; or |
· | your address was changed within 30 days of your redemption request. |
Signatures may be guaranteed by any eligible guarantor institution (including banks, brokers and dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations). Further documentation will be required to change the designated account if shares are held by a corporation, fiduciary or other organization. A notary public cannot guarantee signatures.
Retirement Plans: If you own an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on your redemption request whether the Fund should withhold federal income tax. Unless you elect in your redemption request that you do not want to have federal tax withheld, the redemption will be subject to withholding.
Low Balances: If at any time your account balance in a Fund falls below the following amounts per share class, the Funds may notify you that, unless the account is brought up to at least the per-class minimum within 60 days of the notice, your account could be closed. After the notice period, the relevant Fund may redeem all of your shares and close your account by sending you a check to the address of record. Your account will not be closed if the account balance drops below the per-class minimum due to a decline in NAV.
Class A |
Class C |
Class I |
Class N | |
Minimum | $2,500 | $5,000 | $1,000,000 | $2,500 |
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES
The Fund discourages and do not accommodate market timing. Frequent trading into and out of a Fund can harm all Fund shareholders by disrupting the Fund’s investment strategies, increasing Fund expenses, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. The Fund is designed for long-term investors and are not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Accordingly, the Board has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a legitimate need to adjust their Fund investments as their financial needs or circumstances change. The Fund currently uses several methods to reduce the risk of market timing. These methods include:
· | committing staff to review, on a continuing basis, recent trading activity in order to identify trading activity that may be contrary to the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy; |
· | rejecting or limiting specific purchase requests; |
· | rejecting purchase requests from certain investors; and |
· | assessing a redemption fee for short-term trading made within 30 days of purchase. |
Though these methods involve judgments that are inherently subjective and involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to make judgments and applications that are consistent with the interests of a Fund’s shareholders.
Based on the frequency of redemptions in your account, the Adviser or transfer agent may in its sole discretion determine that your trading activity is detrimental to a Fund as described in the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy and elect to reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future purchases or exchanges into the Fund.
The Fund reserves the right to reject or restrict purchase requests for any reason, particularly when the shareholder’s trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Neither a Fund nor the Adviser will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase orders. The Adviser may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investor’s financial adviser) from opening new accounts with a Fund.
Although the Fund’s attempt to limit disruptive trading activities, some investors use a variety of strategies to hide their identities and their trading practices. There can be no guarantee that a Fund will be able to identify or limit these activities. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund. While the Funds will encourage financial intermediaries to apply the Funds’ Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers who invest indirectly in the Fund, the Fund is limited in their ability to monitor the trading activity or enforce the Funds’ Market Timing Trading Policy with respect to customers of financial intermediaries. For example, should it occur, a Fund may not be able to detect market timing that may be facilitated by financial intermediaries or made difficult to identify in the omnibus accounts used by those intermediaries for aggregated purchases, exchanges and redemptions on behalf of all their customers. More specifically, unless the financial intermediaries have the ability to apply the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers through such methods as implementing short-term trading limitations or restrictions and monitoring trading activity for what might be market timing, a Fund may not be able to determine whether trading by customers of financial intermediaries is contrary to the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy. Brokers maintaining omnibus accounts with the Fund has agreed to provide shareholder transaction information to the extent known to the broker to a Fund upon request. If a Fund or its transfer agent or shareholder servicing agent suspects there is market timing activity in the account, the Fund will seek full cooperation from the service provider maintaining the account to identify the underlying participant. At the request of the Adviser, the service providers may take immediate action to stop any further short-term trading by such participants.
TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Any sale or exchange of a Fund’s shares may generate tax liability (unless you are a tax-exempt investor or your investment is in a qualified retirement account). When you redeem your shares you may realize a taxable gain or loss. This is measured by the difference between the proceeds of the sale and the tax basis for the shares you sold. (To aid in computing your tax basis, you generally should retain your account statements for the period that you hold shares in the Fund.)
The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income at least annually and net capital gains annually. Both distributions will be reinvested in shares of the Fund unless you elect to receive cash. Dividends from net investment income (including any excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) are taxable to investors as ordinary income, while distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are generally taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of your holding period for the shares. Any dividends or capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund will normally be taxable to you when made, regardless of whether you reinvest dividends or capital gain distributions or receive them in cash. In addition, you pay taxes on the distribution whether the value of your investment decreased, increased, or remained the same after you bought the shares of a Fund. Purchasing a Fund’s shares in a taxable account shortly before a distribution is sometimes called “buying into a distribution.” A Fund may build up capital gains during the period covered by a distribution (over the course of the year, for example) when securities in the Fund’s portfolio are sold at a profit. After subtracting any capital losses, the Fund distributes those gains to you and other shareholders, even if you did not own the shares when the gains occurred (if you did not own the Fund earlier in the year, for example), and you incur the full tax liability on the distribution. Certain dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December will be taxed to shareholders as if received in December if they are paid during the following January. Each year the Funds will inform you of the amount and type of your distributions. IRAs and other qualified retirement plans are exempt from federal income taxation until retirement proceeds are paid out to the participant.
Your redemptions, including exchanges, may result in a capital gain or loss for federal tax purposes. A capital gain or loss on your investment is the difference between the cost of your shares, including any sales charges, and the amount you receive when you sell them.
On the account application, you will be asked to certify that your social security number or taxpayer identification number is correct and that you are not subject to backup withholding for failing to report income to the IRS. If you are subject to backup withholding or you did not certify your taxpayer identification number, the IRS requires the Fund to withhold a percentage of any dividend, redemption or exchange proceeds. The Fund reserves the right to reject any application that does not include a certified social security or taxpayer identification number. If you do not have a social security number, you should indicate on the purchase form that your application to obtain a number is pending. The Fund is required to withhold taxes if a number is not delivered to the Fund within seven days.
This summary is not intended to be and should not be construed to be legal or tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisers to determine the tax consequences of owning a Fund’s shares.
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES
Distributor
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, 17645 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, is the distributor for the shares of the Funds. The distributor is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). Shares of the Funds are offered on a continuous basis.
Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees
The Trust, with respect to the Fund, has adopted the Trust’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans for each of Class A, Class C, and Class N shares, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act (the “Plans”), pursuant to the Fund may pay the Fund’s distributor an annual fee for distribution and shareholder servicing expenses as indicated in the following table of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to the respective class of shares. Class I shares do not have a Plan. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Class A |
Class C |
Class N | |
12b-1 Fee | 0.25% | 1.00% | 0.25% |
The distributor and other entities, including a broker-dealer affiliate of the Adviser, are paid pursuant to the Plans for distribution and shareholder servicing provided and the expenses borne by the distributor and others in the distribution of Fund shares, including the payment of commissions for sales of the shares and incentive compensation to and expenses of dealers and others who engage in or support distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of a Fund’s shares to other than current shareholders; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. In addition, the distributor or other entities may utilize fees paid pursuant to the Plans to compensate dealers or other entities for their opportunity costs in advancing such amounts, which compensation would be in the form of a carrying charge on any un-reimbursed expenses.
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries
The Funds’ distributor, its affiliates, and the Funds’ Adviser and its affiliates may each, at its own expense and out of its own assets including their legitimate profits from Fund-related activities (and not as an additional charge to a Fund), provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries who sell shares of a Fund. Financial intermediaries include brokers-dealers, financial advisers, financial planners, banks, insurance companies, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators and others. These payments may be in addition to the Rule 12b-1 fees and any sales charges that are disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services, or marketing support. Marketing support may include access to sales meetings, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives, inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs. These payments also may be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Fund shareholders. The distributor may, from time to time, provide promotional incentives to certain investment firms. Such incentives may, at the distributor’s discretion, be limited to investment firms who allow their individual selling representatives to participate in such additional compensation.
Such payments may provide incentives for such parties to make shares of a Fund available to their customers, and may allow the Fund greater access to such parties and their customers than would be the case if no payments were paid. Such access advantages include, but are not limited to, placement of the Fund on a list of mutual funds offered as investment options to the financial intermediary’s customers; access to the financial intermediary’s registered representatives and/or ability to assist in training and educating the financial intermediary’s registered representatives. These payment arrangements will not change the price an investor pays for shares of the Fund or the amount that the Fund receives to invest on behalf of the investor.
The Adviser does not direct the Fund’s portfolio securities transactions, or otherwise compensate broker-dealers in connection with the Fund’s portfolio transactions, in consideration of sales of Fund shares.
Financial intermediary’s that receive these types of payments may have a conflict of interest in recommending or selling the Fund rather than other mutual funds to their client investors, particularly if these payments exceed the amounts paid by other mutual funds.
Householding
To reduce expenses, the Funds mail only one copy of the prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call the Fund at 1-877-772-5838 on days the Fund is open for business or contact your financial institution. The Fund will begin sending you individual copies thirty days after receiving your request.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the period of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. Class C shares of the Opportunistic Real Estate Fund have not yet commenced operations. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The information below for the Fund has been derived from the 2017 financial statements audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, are included in the Funds’ December 31, 2018 annual report, which is available upon request. The information for the years ended prior to 2015 was audited by another independent registered public accounting firm. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Per Share Data and Ratios for a Share of Beneficial Interest Outstanding Throughout Each Year or Period |
Appendix A
Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your Class A shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales charge waivers or CDSC waivers. In all instances, it is the shareholder’s responsibility to notify the Fund or the shareholder’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. This Appendix will be updated based on information provided by the financial intermediaries. Neither the Fund, the adviser nor the distributor supervises the implementation of financial intermediary sales charge waivers, discounts, policies or procedures nor do they verify the intermediaries’ administration of such waivers, discounts, policies or procedures.
For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary listed below, shareholders will have to purchase Class A shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive Fund imposed waivers or discounts. Please see How to Purchase Shares: Class A Shares starting on page 14 of this Prospectus for information about such waivers and discounts.
Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., & Raymond James affiliates (“Raymond James”)
Intermediary-Defined Sales Charge Waiver Policies
The availability of certain initial or deferred sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on the particular financial intermediary or type of account through which you purchase or hold Fund shares.
Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify the fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase fund shares directly from the fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.
Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this fund’s prospectus or SAI.
Front-end sales load waivers on Class A shares available at Raymond James
· | Shares purchased in an investment advisory program. |
· | Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family). |
· | Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James. |
· | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). |
· | A shareholder in the Fund’s Class A shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class I shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James. |
CDSC Waivers on Classes A, B and C shares available at Raymond James
· | Death or disability of the shareholder. |
· | Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund’s prospectus. |
· | Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account. |
· | Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the fund’s prospectus. |
· | Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James. |
· | Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement. |
Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, and/or rights of accumulation
· | Breakpoints as described in this prospectus. |
· | Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the rights of accumulation calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets. |
PRIVACY NOTICE Rev. February 2014
FACTS | WHAT DOES NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION? | ||
Why? | Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do. | ||
What? | The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include: · Social Security Number · Purchase History · Assets · Account Balances · Retirement Assets · Account Transactions · Transaction History · Wire Transfer Instructions · Checking Account Information When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice. | ||
How? | All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday businesses. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons Northern Lights Fund Trust chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing. | ||
Reasons we can share your personal information |
Does Northern Lights Fund Trust share? | Can you limit this sharing? | |
For our everyday business purposes Such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus |
Yes | No | |
For our marketing purposes To offer our products and services to you |
No | We don’t share | |
For joint marketing with other financial companies | No | We don’t share | |
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes Information about your transactions and experiences |
No | We don’t share | |
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes Information about your creditworthiness |
No | We don’t share | |
For non-affiliates to market to you | No | We don’t share | |
Questions? | Call 1-402-493-4603 | ||
Who we are | Who is providing this notice? Northern Lights Fund Trust |
What we do | |
How does Northern Lights Fund Trust protect my personal information? |
To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings. Our service providers are held accountable for adhering to strict policies and procedures to prevent any misuse of your nonpublic personal information. |
How does Northern Lights Fund Trust collect my personal information? |
We collect your personal information, for example, when you · Open an account · Provide account information · Give us your contact information · Make deposits or withdrawals from your account · Make a wire transfer · Tell us where to send the money · Tells us who receives the money · Show your government-issued ID · Show your driver’s license We also collect your personal information from other companies. |
Why can’t I limit all sharing? |
Federal law gives you the right to limit only · Sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness · Affiliates from using your information to market to you · Sharing for non-affiliates to market to you State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing. |
Definitions | |
Affiliates |
Companies related by common ownership
or control. · Northern Lights Fund Trust does not share with our affiliates. |
Non-affiliates |
Companies not related by common ownership
or control. ·
Northern Lights Fund Trust does not share with non-affiliates |
Joint marketing |
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated
financial companies · Northern Lights Fund Trust doesn’t jointly market. |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
Adviser | Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400 La Jolla, CA 92037 |
Distributor |
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC 17645 Wright Street Omaha, NE 68130 |
Independent Registered Public Accountant |
[XXX}
|
Legal Counsel |
Thompson Hine LLP 41 South High Street, Suite 1700 Columbus, OH 43215 |
Custodian |
JPMorgan Chase Bank 270 Park Ave. New York, NY 10017 |
Transfer Agent |
Gemini Fund Services, LLC 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200 Omaha, NE 68130 |
Additional information about the Funds is included in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information dated [XXX] (the “SAI”), as supplemented. The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus). The SAI provides more details about the Funds’ policies and management. Additional information about the Fund’s investments will also be available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Fund’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during its last fiscal year.
To obtain a free copy of the SAI, the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or other information about the Fund, or to make shareholder inquiries about a Fund, please call 1-877-772-5838 or visit www.altegris.com. You may also write to:
ALTEGRIS/AACA OPPORTUNISTIC REAL ESTATE FUND
c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 541150
Omaha, NE 68154
You may review and obtain copies of the
Fund’s information at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Please call
1-202-551-8090 for information relating to the operation of the Public Reference Room. Reports and other information about the
Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the information may
be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing
the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Investment Company Act File # 811-21720
| |
| |
www.altegris.com |
[XXX]
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund Class A
(RAAAX) a Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust |
Statement of Additional Information |
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund (the "Fund") dated [XXX]. You can obtain copies of the Funds’ Prospectus, annual or semi-annual reports without charge by contacting the Fund’s transfer agent, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, Nebraska 68130 or by calling 1.877.772.5838. You may also obtain a Prospectus by visiting the Fund’s website at www.altegris.com.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE FUND | 2 |
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS | 2 |
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS | 25 |
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 27 |
MANAGEMENT | 29 |
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS | 35 |
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS | 37 |
THE DISTRIBUTOR | 40 |
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS | 45 |
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE | 46 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | 47 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS | 47 |
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES | 49 |
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM | 50 |
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES | 50 |
TAX STATUS | 55 |
OTHER REPORTING AND WITHHOLDING REQUIREMENTS | 57 |
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | 61 |
LEGAL COUNSEL | 61 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 61 |
APPENDIX A: PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES | A-1 |
THE FUND
The Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on January 19, 2005 (the "Trust"). The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the "Board" or "Trustees" or “Board of Trustees”).
The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of the Fund have equal rights and privileges. Each share of a Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each share of a Fund is entitled to participate equally, on a class-specific basis, with other shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by a Fund and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares of the Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.
The Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund is a non-diversified series of the Trust. The Fund's investment objective, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus. The Board may add classes to a Fund, start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time.
This SAI describes the classes of shares offered by the Fund: Class A shares, Class C shares, Class I, and Class N shares. Class C Shares of the Fund has not yet commenced operations. Each share class represents an interest in the same assets of a Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all material respects except that (i) each class of shares may be subject to different (or no) sales loads; (ii) each class of shares may bear different (or no) distribution fees; (iii) each class of shares may have different shareholder features, such as minimum investment amounts; (iv) certain other class-specific expenses will be borne solely by the class to which such expenses are attributable, including transfer agent fees attributable to a specific class of shares, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials to current shareholders of a specific class, registration fees paid by a specific class of shares, the expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a class of shares, Trustees' fees or expenses paid as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares and accounting fees and expenses relating to a specific class of shares; and (v) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to its own distribution arrangements. The Board of Trustees may classify and reclassify the shares of the Fund into additional classes of shares at a future date.
Under the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal. Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders. As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
The investment objective of the Fund and the descriptions of the Fund’s principal investment strategies are set forth under "Additional Information about Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Strategies”, and “Description of Principal Investment Risks" in the Prospectus. A Fund's investment objective(s) is not fundamental and may be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the Fund may invest, the strategies which Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. (the "Adviser") may employ for the Fund, and a summary of related risks. They also contain descriptions of the strategies pursued by the sub-adviser American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC (“AACA”).
Equity Securities
Equity securities in which the Fund may invest include preferred stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions. Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.
Common Stock
Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price.
Preferred Stock
The Fund may invest in preferred stock with no minimum credit rating. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market's perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company's worth.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities with no minimum credit rating. Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer's underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
The Fund may invest in securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are publicly traded corporations or trusts that specialize in acquiring, holding and managing residential, commercial or industrial real estate. A REIT is not taxed at the entity level on income distributed to its shareholders or unitholders if it distributes to shareholders or unitholders at least 95% of its taxable income for each taxable year and complies with regulatory requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets and income.
REITs generally can be classified as “Equity REITs”, “Mortgage REITs” and “Hybrid REITs.” An Equity REIT invests the majority of its assets directly in real property and derives its income primarily from rents and from capital gains on real estate appreciation, which are realized through property sales. A Mortgage REIT invests the majority of its assets in real estate mortgage loans and services its income primarily from interest payments. A Hybrid REIT combines the characteristics of an Equity REIT and a Mortgage REIT. Although the Fund can invest in all three kinds of REITs, its emphasis is expected to be on investments in Equity REITs.
Investments in the real estate industry involve particular risks. The real estate industry has been subject to substantial fluctuations and declines on a local, regional and national basis in the past and may continue to be in the future. Real property values and income from real property continue to be in the future. Real property values and income from real property may decline due to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhoods and in demographics, increases in market interest rates, or other factors. Factors such as these may adversely affect companies that own and operate real estate directly, companies that lend to such companies, and companies that service the real estate industry.
Investments in REITs also involve risks. Equity REITs will be affected by changes in the values of and income from the properties they own, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the credit quality of the mortgage loans they hold. In addition, REITs are dependent on specialized management skills and on their ability to generate cash flow for operating purposes and to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders REITs may have limited diversification and are subject to risks associated with obtaining financing for real property, as well as to the risk of self-liquidation. REITs also can be adversely affected by their failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through treatment of their income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or their failure to maintain an exemption from registration under the 1940 Act. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder bears not only a proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also may indirectly bear similar expenses of some of the REITs in which it invests.
Warrants
The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's exercise price during the life of the warrant. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Many of the risks described below regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.
Foreign Securities
General
Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There also may be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of a Fund held in foreign countries. Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations. The Fund may also invest in exchange traded funds ("ETFs") and other investment companies that hold a portfolio of foreign securities.
To the extent a Fund's currency exchange transactions do not fully protect the Fund against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund's assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund's assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
Emerging Markets Securities
Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by a Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security. The Fund may also purchase ETFs and other funds that invest in emerging market securities.
Foreign Currency Risk
Currency trading involves significant risks, including market risk, interest rate risk, country risk, counterparty credit risk and short sale risk. Market risk results from the price movement of foreign currency values in response to shifting market supply and demand. Since exchange rate changes can readily move in one direction, a currency position carried overnight or over a number of days may involve greater risk than one carried a few minutes or hours. Interest rate risk arises whenever a country changes its stated interest rate target associated with its currency. Country risk arises because virtually every country has interfered with international transactions in its currency. Interference has taken the form of regulation of the local exchange market, restrictions on foreign investment by residents or limits on inflows of investment funds from abroad. Restrictions on the exchange market or on international transactions are intended to affect the level or movement of the exchange rate. This risk could include the country issuing a new currency, effectively making the "old" currency worthless.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers' Acceptances
The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments.
Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers' acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then "accepted" by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Commercial Paper
The Fund may purchase commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. It may be secured by letters of credit, a surety bond or other forms of collateral. Commercial paper is usually repaid at maturity by the issuer from the proceeds of the issuance of new commercial paper. As a result, investment in commercial paper is subject to the risk the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity in certain circumstances. Like all fixed income securities, commercial paper prices are susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates. If interest rates rise, commercial paper prices will decline. The short-term nature of a commercial paper investment makes it less susceptible to interest rate risk than many other fixed income securities because interest rate risk typically increases as maturity lengths increase. Commercial paper tends to yield smaller returns than longer-term corporate debt because securities with shorter maturities typically have lower effective yields than those with longer maturities. As with all fixed income securities, there is a chance that the issuer will default on its commercial paper obligation.
Information on Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes
The Fund may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties.
The commercial paper obligations which the Fund may buy are unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a "Master Note") permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Fund as Lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Fund's Adviser or Sub-Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to the Fund's investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.
Insured Bank Obligations
The Fund may invest in insured bank obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as "banks") up to $250,000. The Fund may purchase bank obligations which are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability.
Borrowing
The Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, but provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
However, as described above, the Fund may enter into many different types of transactions, including for example reverse repurchase agreements or mortgage dollar rolls, that can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing or of a financing transaction by the Fund (i.e., a “senior security”), but to the extent the Fund covers its commitment under such transactions by the segregation or “earmarking” of assets (determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees), equal in value to the amount of the Fund’s commitment, such a transaction will not be considered a “senior security” by the Fund and therefore will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Fund.
Derivative Instruments
The Fund expect to use a number of derivative instruments as part of their investment strategies. Generally, a derivative is a financial contract whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities and related indexes. The Adviser / Sub-Advisers may decide not to employ any of these strategies and there is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a Fund will succeed. Examples of derivative instruments that the Fund may use include (but are not limited to) futures contracts, options contracts, swap transactions and forward currency contracts. Derivatives involve special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser’s or sub adviser’s view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of derivatives could result in significantly greater losses than if they had not been used. Recently, several broker-dealers and other financial institutions have experienced extreme financial difficulty, sometimes resulting in the bankruptcy of the institution. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s counterparties will not experience similar difficulties, possibly resulting in losses to the Fund. Losses resulting from the use of derivatives will reduce a Fund’s NAV, and possibly income, and the losses may be significantly greater than if derivatives had not been used. When used, derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxable distributions paid to shareholders.
Forward Trading
The Fund may trade in spot and forward contracts on currencies. The trading of over-the-counter instruments, subjects the Fund to a variety of risks including: 1) counterparty risk; 2) basis risk; 3) interest rate risk; 4) settlement risk; 5) legal risk; and 6) operational risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the Fund’s counterparties might default on their obligation to pay or perform generally on their obligations. The over-the-counter markets and some foreign markets are “principals’ markets.” That means that performance of the contract is the responsibility only of the individual firm or member on the other side of the trade and not any exchange or clearing corporation. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. Basis risk is the risk attributable to the movements in the spread between the derivative contract price and the future price of the underlying instrument. Interest rate risk is the general risk associated with movements in interest rates. Settlement risk is the risk that a settlement in a transfer system does not take place as expected. Legal risk is the risk that a transaction proves unenforceable in law or because it has been inadequately documented. Operational risk is the risk of unexpected losses arising from deficiencies in a firm’s management information, support and control systems and procedures. Transactions in over-the-counter derivatives may involve other risks as well, as there is no exchange market on which to close out an open position. It may be impossible to liquidate an existing position, to assess the value of a position or to assess the exposure to risk.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
A Fund's investments in exchange-traded funds (“ETF”s), mutual funds and closed-end funds involve certain additional expenses and certain tax results, which would not be present in a direct investment in the underlying fund. Due to legal limitations, each Fund will be prevented from: (1) purchasing more than 3% of an investment company's (including ETFs) outstanding shares; (2) investing more than 5% of the Fund's assets in any single such investment company; and (3) investing more than 10% of the Fund's assets in investment companies overall unless: (i) the underlying investment company and/or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"); and (ii) the underlying investment company and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In the alternative, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% limitation and the 10% limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired fund) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by FINRA for funds of funds. In addition to ETFs, the Fund may invest in other investment companies such as open-end mutual funds or exchange-traded closed-end funds, within the limitations described above. ETFs are generally passive funds that track their related index and have the flexibility of trading like a security. They are managed by professionals and provide the investor with diversification, cost and tax efficiency, liquidity, marginability, are useful for hedging, have the ability to go long and short, and some provide quarterly dividends. Additionally, some ETFs are unit investment trusts (UITs). ETFs typically have two markets. The primary market is where institutions swap "creation units" in block-multiples of, for example, 50,000 shares for in-kind securities and cash in the form of dividends. The secondary market is where individual investors can trade as little as a single share during trading hours on the exchange. This is different from open-ended mutual funds that are traded after hours once the net asset value (NAV) is calculated. ETFs share many similar risks with open-end and closed-end funds.
Closed-End Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in "closed-end" investment companies (or "closed-end funds"), subject to the investment restrictions set forth above. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% and 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (commonly known as "NASDAQ") and, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as the Fund), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.
The Fund generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. The Fund will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses. The Fund would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. The Fund may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser (or a Sub-Adviser), based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end fund's proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if the Fund purchased such securities in the secondary market.
The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share, which is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the "market discount" of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value but rather are subject to the principles of supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.
The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Fund’s shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund.
Closed-end funds may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end fund's common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end fund's common shareholders. The Fund's investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
Open-End Investment Companies
The Fund and any "affiliated persons," as defined by the 1940 Act, may purchase in the aggregate only up to 35% of the total outstanding securities of any underlying fund. Accordingly, when affiliated persons hold shares of any of the underlying fund, the Fund's ability to invest fully in shares of those funds is restricted, and the Adviser (or a Sub-Adviser) must then, in some instances, select alternative investments that would not have been its first preference. The 1940 Act also provides that an underlying fund whose shares are purchased by a Fund will be obligated to redeem shares held by the Fund only in an amount up to 1% of the underlying fund's outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Shares held by a Fund in excess of 1% of an underlying fund's outstanding securities therefore, will be considered not readily marketable securities, which, together with other such securities, may not exceed 15% of the Fund's total assets.
Under certain circumstances an underlying fund may determine to make payment of a redemption by the Fund wholly or partly by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In such cases, the Fund may hold securities distributed by an underlying fund until the Adviser or Sub-Adviser determines that it is appropriate to dispose of such securities.
Investment decisions by the investment advisers of the underlying fund(s) are made independently of the Fund and their Adviser or Sub-Adviser. Therefore, the investment adviser of one underlying fund may be purchasing shares of the same issuer whose shares are being sold by the investment adviser of another such fund. The result would be an indirect expense to the Fund without accomplishing any investment purpose.
High Yield Securities
The Fund may invest in high yield securities. High yield, high risk bonds are securities that are generally rated below investment grade by the primary rating agencies (BB+ or lower by S&P and Ba1 or lower by Moody's). Other terms used to describe such securities include "lower-rated bonds," "non-investment grade bonds," "below investment grade bonds," and "junk bonds." These securities are considered to be high-risk investments. The risks include the following:
Greater Risk of Loss. These securities are regarded as predominately speculative. There is a greater risk that issuers of lower-rated securities will default than issuers of higher-rated securities. Issuers of lower-rated securities generally are less creditworthy and may be highly indebted, financially distressed, or bankrupt. These issuers are more vulnerable to real or perceived economic changes, political changes or adverse industry developments. In addition, high yield securities are frequently subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. If an issuer fails to pay principal or interest, the Fund would experience a decrease in income and a decline in the market value of its investments.
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. The income and market value of lower-rated securities may fluctuate more than higher-rated securities. Although non-investment grade securities tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than investment grade securities, non-investment grade securities are more sensitive to short-term corporate, economic and market developments. During periods of economic uncertainty and change, the market price of the investments in lower-rated securities may be volatile. The default rate for high yield bonds tends to be cyclical, with defaults rising in periods of economic downturn.
Valuation Difficulties. It is often more difficult to value lower-rated securities than higher-rated securities. If an issuer's financial condition deteriorates, accurate financial and business information may be limited or unavailable. In addition, the lower-rated investments may be thinly traded and there may be no established secondary market. Because of the lack of market pricing and current information for investments in lower-rated securities, valuation of such investments is much more dependent on judgment than is the case with higher-rated securities.
Liquidity. There may be no established secondary or public market for investments in lower-rated securities. Such securities are frequently traded in markets that may be relatively less liquid than the market for higher-rated securities. In addition, relatively few institutional purchasers may hold a major portion of an issue of lower-rated securities at times. As a result, the Fund may be required to sell investments at substantial losses or retain them indefinitely when an issuer's financial condition is deteriorating.
Credit Quality. Credit quality of non-investment grade securities can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and even recently-issued credit ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a particular high-yield security.
New Legislation. Future legislation may have a possible negative impact on the market for high yield, high risk bonds. As an example, in the late 1980's, legislation required federally-insured savings and loan associations to divest their investments in high yield, high risk bonds. New legislation, if enacted, could have a material negative effect on the Fund's investments in lower-rated securities.
High yield, high risk investments may include the following:
Straight fixed-income debt securities. These include bonds and other debt obligations that bear a fixed or variable rate of interest payable at regular intervals and have a fixed or resettable maturity date. The particular terms of such securities vary and may include features such as call provisions and sinking funds.
Zero-coupon debt securities. These do not pay periodic interest but are issued at a discount from their value at maturity. When held to maturity, their entire return equals the difference between their issue price and their maturity value.
Zero-fixed-coupon debt securities. These are zero-coupon debt securities that convert on a specified date to periodic interest-paying debt securities.
Pay-in-kind bonds. These are bonds which allow the issuer, at its option, to make current interest payments on the bonds either in cash or in additional bonds. These bonds are typically sold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (The “Securities Act "), usually to a relatively small number of institutional investors.
Convertible Securities. These are bonds or preferred stock that may be converted to common stock.
Preferred Stock. These are stocks that generally pay a dividend at a specified rate and have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and in liquidation.
Loan Participations and Assignments. These are participations in, or assignments of all or a portion of loans to corporations or to governments, including governments of less developed countries ("LDCs").
Securities issued in connection with Reorganizations and Corporate Restructurings. In connection with reorganizing or restructuring of an issuer, an issuer may issue common stock or other securities to holders of its debt securities. The Fund may hold such common stock and other securities even if it does not invest in such securities.
Municipal Government Obligations
In general, municipal obligations are debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States (including the District of Columbia) and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities. Municipal obligations generally include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Certain types of municipal obligations are issued in whole or in part to obtain funding for privately operated facilities or projects. Municipal obligations include general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, industrial development bonds, notes and municipal lease obligations. Municipal obligations also include additional obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax, that may become available in the future as long as the Board determines that an investment in any such type of obligation is consistent with the Fund's investment objectives. Municipal obligations may be fully or partially backed by local government, the credit of a private issuer, current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or domestic or foreign entities providing credit support such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance.
Bonds and Notes. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and principal. Revenue bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a project or facility or from the proceeds of a specified revenue source. Industrial development bonds are generally revenue bonds secured by payments from and the credit of private users. Municipal notes are issued to meet the short-term funding requirements of state, regional and local governments. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, construction loan notes, short-term discount notes, tax-exempt commercial paper, demand notes and similar instruments.
Municipal Lease Obligations. Municipal lease obligations may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase or a conditional sales contract. They are issued by state and local governments and authorities to acquire land, equipment and facilities, such as vehicles, telecommunications and computer equipment and other capital assets. The Fund may invest in funds that purchase these lease obligations directly, or it may purchase participation interests in such lease obligations. States have different requirements for issuing municipal debt and issuing municipal leases. Municipal leases are generally subject to greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds because they usually contain a "non-appropriation" clause, which provides that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each year. Such non-appropriation clauses are required to avoid the municipal lease obligations from being treated as debt for state debt restriction purposes. Accordingly, such obligations are subject to "non-appropriation" risk. Municipal leases may be secured by the underlying capital asset and it may be difficult to dispose of any such asset in the event of non-appropriation or other default.
United States Government Obligations
These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds. Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. The Fund may also invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). TIPS are special types of treasury bonds that were created in order to offer bond investors protection from inflation. The values of the TIPS are automatically adjusted to the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). If the CPI goes up by half a percent, the value of the bond (the TIPS) would also go up by half a percent. If the CPI falls, the value of the bond does not fall because the government guarantees that the original investment will stay the same. TIPS decline in value when real interest rates rise. However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIPS may experience greater losses than other fixed-income securities with similar duration.
United States Government Agencies
These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae" or "GNMA"), Farmer's Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac" or "FHLMC"), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae" or "FNMA") and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., Fannie Mae Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association). On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (the "FHFA") announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed into conservatorship, a statutory process designed to stabilize a troubled institution with the objective of returning the entity to normal business operations. The U.S. Treasury Department and the FHFA at the same time established a secured lending facility and a Secured Stock Purchase Agreement with both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure that each entity had the ability to fulfill its financial obligations. The FHFA announced that it does not anticipate any disruption in pattern of payments or ongoing business operations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (PCs), which represent interests in conventional mortgages from Freddie Mac's national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.
Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities
Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a "pass-through" of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities' weighted average life. Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae) are described as "modified pass-through securities." These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is Ginnie Mae. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A "pool" or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by Ginnie Mae, is offered to investors through securities dealers.
Government-related guarantors of mortgage pass-through securities (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved sellers/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Mortgage pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.
Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a U.S. government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned by stockholders. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates ("PCs "), which represent interests in conventional mortgages from Freddie Mac's national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage pass-through securities.
Resets. The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities ("ARMs") in which the Fund may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost-of-funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Funds, the one-month or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.
Caps and Floors. The underlying mortgages that collateralize the ARMs in which the Fund may invest will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down: (1) per reset or adjustment interval, and (2) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower's monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization. The value of mortgage securities in which the Fund invests may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans. Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Fund invests to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.
Private Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Private mortgage pass-through securities are structured similarly to the Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through securities and are issued by United States and foreign private issuers such as originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. These securities usually are backed by a pool of conventional fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Since private mortgage pass-through securities typically are not guaranteed by an entity having the credit status of Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, such securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit enhancement.
Mortgage assets often consist of a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. There are usually fewer properties in a pool of assets backing commercial mortgage-backed securities than in a pool of assets backing residential mortgage-backed securities; hence they may be more sensitive to the performance of fewer mortgage assets. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, those securities may contain elements of credit support, which fall into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. This protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches. The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in a security. The Fund will not pay any fees for credit support, although the existence of credit support may increase the price of a security.
Stripped Mortgage Securities. Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by federal agencies, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.
Stripped mortgage securities usually are structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distribution of a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of stripped mortgage security will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or "IO" class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). PO classes generate income through the accretion of the deep discount at which such securities are purchased, and, while PO classes do not receive periodic payments of interest, they receive monthly payments associated with scheduled amortization and principal prepayment from the mortgage assets underlying the PO class. The yield to maturity on a PO or an IO class security is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets. A slower than expected rate of principal payments may have an adverse effect on a PO-class security's yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience slower than anticipated principal repayment, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on an IO-class security's yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities.
The Fund may purchase stripped mortgage securities for income, or for hedging purposes to protect the Fund's portfolio against interest rate fluctuations. For example, since an IO class will tend to increase in value as interest rates rise, it may be utilized to hedge against a decrease in value of other fixed-income securities in a rising interest rate environment.
Inverse Floaters. Inverse floaters constitute a class of mortgage-backed securities with a coupon rate that moves inversely to a designated index, such as LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) or 11th District Cost of Funds Index ("COFI"). Inverse floaters have coupon rates that typically change at a multiple of the changes of the relevant index rate. Any rise in the index rate (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate on an inverse floater while any drop in the index rate causes an increase in the coupon rate of an inverse floater. In some circumstances, the coupon on an inverse floater could decrease to zero. In addition, like most other fixed-income securities, the value of inverse floaters will decrease as interest rates increase and their average lives will extend. Inverse floaters exhibit greater price volatility than the majority of mortgage-backed securities. In addition, some inverse floaters display extreme sensitivity to changes in prepayments. As a result, the yield to maturity of an inverse floater is sensitive not only to changes in interest rates but also to changes in prepayment rates on the related underlying mortgage assets. As described above, inverse floaters may be used alone or in tandem with interest-only stripped mortgage instruments.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls. The Fund may enter into mortgage dollar rolls with a bank or a broker-dealer. A mortgage dollar roll is a transaction in which a fund sells mortgage-related securities for immediate settlement and simultaneously purchases the same type of securities for forward settlement at a discount. While a fund begins accruing interest on the newly purchased securities from the purchase or trade date, it is able to invest the proceeds from the sale of its previously owned securities, which will be used to pay for the new securities, in money market investments until a future settlement date. The use of mortgage dollar rolls is a speculative technique involving leverage, and is considered to be a form of borrowing by the Fund.
Securities Options
The Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks. The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 100®. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, the Pacific Stock Exchange and NASDAQ PHLX.
A Fund's obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Fund's execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will have paid a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument or liquidate the assets held in a segregated account, as described below, until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If the Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by the Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by the Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Certain Risks Regarding Options
There are several risks associated with transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Successful use by a Fund of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the Adviser (or a Sub-Adviser) to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. In addition, a fund's ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Fund. Inasmuch as the Fund's securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and the Fund's securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by the Fund.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.
There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, the Fund may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Cover for Options Positions
Transactions using options (other than options that a Fund has purchased) expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. The Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless such Fund owns either (i) an offsetting ("covered") position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above. The Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with a Fund's custodian in the prescribed amount. Under current SEC guidelines, the Fund will segregate assets to cover transactions in which a Fund writes or sells options.
Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option is open, unless
they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Fund's assets to cover or segregated
accounts could impede portfolio management or the Fund's ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options on Futures Contracts
The Fund may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
Dealer Options
The Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer option, it may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless a Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because a Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets, which it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.
Spread Transactions
The Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high-quality and lower-quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.
Credit Default Swaps
The Fund may enter into credit default swaps. In a credit default swap, one party makes a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of a default by a third party, typically an emerging country, on its obligation. The Fund may use credit default swaps to provide a measure of protection against defaults of sovereign issuers (i.e., to reduce risk where the Fund owns or has exposure to the sovereign issuer) and may use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of a particular issuer's default. In connection with these agreements, cash or liquid securities may be set aside as collateral by the Fund's custodian in accordance with the terms of the swap agreement. The Fund earns interest on cash set aside as collateral. Swaps are marked to market daily based upon quotations from market makers and the change in value, if any, is recorded as unrealized gain or loss. These financial instruments are not actively traded on financial markets. The values assigned to these instruments are based upon the best available information and because of the uncertainty of the valuation, these values may differ significantly from the values that would have been realized had a ready market for these instruments existed, and the differences could be material. Payments received or made at the end of the measurement period are recorded as realized gain or loss. Entering into these agreements involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit, market, and documentation risk. Such risks involve the possibility that there will be no liquid market for these agreements, that the counterparty to the agreements may default on its obligation to perform or disagree as to the meaning of contractual terms in the agreements, and that there may be unfavorable changes in interest rates.
Trading in Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are paid when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.
Unlike when a Fund purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain a Fund's open positions in futures contracts, the Fund would be required to deposit with its custodian or futures broker in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, suitable money market instruments, or other liquid securities, known as "initial margin." The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in underlying instrument or index in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. These subsequent payments, called "variation margin," to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to the market." The Fund expects to earn interest income on any margin deposits.
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is affected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or index and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, the Fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.
For example, one contract in the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index future is a contract to buy 25 pounds sterling multiplied by the level of the UK Financial Times 100 Share Index on a given future date. Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying instrument or index. If not in the underlying instrument or index, then settlement will be made on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled "Custodian") will segregate liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to segregate additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of a Fund’s investment objective. Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described, a Fund's liquidity and the ability of the Adviser (or a Sub-Adviser) to manage them may be affected in the event the Fund's forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
Futures trading is speculative and futures prices are highly volatile. Price movements for futures contracts, for example, which may fluctuate substantially during a short period of time, are influenced by numerous factors that affect the securities markets, including, but not limited to: changing supply and demand relationships; government programs and policies; national and international political and economic events and changes in interest rates. Also, the success of many futures trading strategies that use "technical" factors in identifying price moves depends upon the occurrence in the future of price movements. Technical systems will not be profitable and may in fact produce losses if there are no market moves of the kind the system seeks to follow. Any factor that would make it more difficult to execute the trades identified, such as a reduction of liquidity, also would reduce profitability.
Futures trading is highly leveraged. The low margin deposits normally required in trading futures interests permit an extremely high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement in a futures interest may result in an immediate and substantial loss to the investor. Like other leveraged investments, futures trading may result in losses in excess of the amount invested.
Futures contracts may be illiquid. Most U.S. futures exchanges impose daily limits regulating the maximum amount above or below the previous day's settlement price which a futures contract price may fluctuate during a single day. During a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limit. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased to the limit point, it may be difficult, costly or impossible to liquidate a position. Futures prices in particular contracts have occasionally moved the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading. If this occurs, the Fund might be prevented from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions which could result in substantial losses. Those losses could significantly exceed the margin initially committed to the trades involved. In addition, even if prices have not moved the daily limit, or if there are no limits for the contracts traded by the Fund, the Fund may not be able to execute trades at favorable prices if little trading in the contracts is taking place. It is also possible that an exchange or the CFTC may suspend trading in a particular contract, order immediate settlement of a contract or order that trading to the liquidation of open positions only. The CFTC and U.S. exchanges may also impose speculative position limits which, if applicable to the Fund's trading in futures contracts, could require liquidation of positions that could negatively impact profitability.
Futures trading involves counterparty risk. Futures brokers must maintain the Fund's assets (other than assets used to trade foreign futures or options on foreign markets) in a segregated account. If a futures broker goes bankrupt, the Fund could lose money as it may only be able to recover a pro-rata share of the property available for distribution to all of the broker's customers. In addition, even if a futures broker adequately segregates the Fund's assets, the Fund may still be subject to risk of loss of funds on deposit should another customer of the futures broker fail to satisfy deficiencies in such other customer's account. In addition, trading may occur on foreign exchanges and other non-U.S. markets. Neither existing CFTC regulations nor regulations of any other U.S. governmental agency apply to transactions on foreign markets. The Fund, should it trade futures contracts, is at risk for fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currencies in which it trades and U.S. dollars. It also is possible that exchange controls could be imposed in the future. There is no restriction on how much of the Fund's trading might be on foreign markets. In addition, if the Fund chooses to exchange a cash, forward or spot market position outside of regular trading hours for a comparable futures position, such transactions are subject to counterparty creditworthiness risk. The CFTC has permitted the futures exchanges to expand the types of over-the-counter positions that can be part of an exchange for physicals position.
Over-the-Counter Instruments
The trading of over-the-counter instruments subjects a Fund to a variety of risks including: (1) counterparty risk; (2) basis risk; (3) interest rate risk; (4) settlement risk; (5) legal risk; and (6) operational risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that the Fund's counterparties might default on their obligation to pay or perform generally on their obligations. The over-the-counter markets and some foreign markets are "principals' markets." That means that performance of the contract is the responsibility only of the individual firm or member on the other side of the trade and not any exchange or clearing corporation. Such "counterparty risk" is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. Basis risk is the risk attributable to the movements in the spread between the derivative contract price and the future price of the underlying instrument. Interest rate risk is the general risk associated with movements in interest rates. Settlement risk is the risk that a settlement in a transfer system does not take place as expected. Legal risk is the risk that a transaction proves unenforceable in law or because it has been inadequately documented. Operational risk is the risk of unexpected losses arising from deficiencies in a firm's management information, support and control systems and procedures. Transactions in over-the-counter derivatives may involve other risks as well, as there is no exchange market on which to close out an open position. It may be impossible to liquidate an existing position, to assess the value of a position or to assess the exposure to risk.
When Issued, Forward Commitment and Delayed Settlement Purchases
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When a Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of a Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.
Risk of Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives
It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment goals. For example, some legislative and regulatory proposals, such as those in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act ") (which was passed into law in July 2010), and related regulatory developments, will require the clearing and exchange-trading of many standardized OTC derivative instruments that the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and SEC, recently have defined as “swaps”. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing will take place on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC approval of contracts for clearing. Additionally, these regulatory changes would upon implementation impose limits on the maximum position that could be held by a single trader in certain contracts and would subject some derivatives transactions to new forms of regulation that could create barriers to some types of investment activity. Other provisions would require many swaps to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on dealers that enter into swaps with a pension plan, endowment, retirement plan or government entity, and require banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. While many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act must be implemented through future rulemaking, and any regulatory or legislative activity may not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, it is possible that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective.
Sub-Adviser Risks
If the Sub-Adviser manages more money in the future, including money raised in this offering, such additional funds could affect its performance or trading strategies. Also, the Sub-Adviser manages other accounts. This increases the competition for the same trades which the relevant Fund makes. There is no assurance that the Fund's trading will generate the same results as any other accounts managed by the Sub-Adviser.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, an investor (such as the a Fund) purchases a security (known as the "underlying security") from a securities dealer or bank. Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to the Fund on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities. Repurchase agreements must be "fully collateralized," in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price. Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.
Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by the Fund to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses. These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Fund is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
Each Fund may each invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.
Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. The Fund might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. The Fund might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a "safe harbor" from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A and the PORTAL Alliance have produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities. The PORTAL Alliance is an open, industry-wide platform to facilitate over-the-counter trading of 144A equity securities and is intended to enhance the liquidity and transparency of 144A equity securities by creating a source for indicative quotes, trade reporting and issuer information for 144A equity securities.
Under guidelines adopted by the Trust's Board, the Fund's Adviser or a Sub-Adviser may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organizations ("NRSROs") or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser determines that it is of equivalent quality.
Rule 144A securities and Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Adviser (or a Sub-Adviser) to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund's assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.
Lending Portfolio Securities
For the purpose of achieving income, each Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned; (2) the Fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned; (3) the Fund will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities; and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the Fund.
Short Sales
The Fund may sell securities short as an outright investment strategy and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
To the extent a Fund sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales "against the box") will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including the proceeds of the short sale). A short sale is "against the box" to the extent the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a "majority of the outstanding shares" of the Fund which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities. This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund's engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff;
2. Borrow money, except (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund's total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that the Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions;
3. Purchase securities on margin, participate on a joint or joint and several basis in any securities trading account, or underwrite securities. (Does not preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities, and except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities);
4. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate. This limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts);
5. Invest 25% or more of the market value of its assets in the securities of companies engaged in any one industry (except the real estate industry in the case of the Fund). This limitation does not apply to investment in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The Fund takes the position that mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities, whether government-issued or privately issued do not represent interests in any particular "industry " or group of industries, and therefore the 25% concentration restrictions noted above do not apply to such securities. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest over 25% of its assets in the securities of companies in the real estate industry;
6. Purchase or sell commodities (unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments) or commodity futures contracts, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options to the fullest extent permitted under the 1940 Act, sell foreign currency contracts in accordance with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, invest in securities or other instruments backed by commodities, and invest in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities; or
7. Make loans to others, except (a) through the purchase of debt securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (b) to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan; and (c) by loaning portfolio securities.
The Fund observes the following policies, which are not deemed fundamental and which may be changed without shareholder vote. The Fund may not:
1. Invest in any issuer for purposes of exercising control or management;
2. Invest in securities of other investment companies except as permitted under the 1940 Act;
3. Invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities which are not readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days to maturity However, if more than 15% of Fund assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) are illiquid, the Fund's investment adviser(s) will reduce illiquid assets such that they do not represent more than 15% of Fund assets, subject to timing and other considerations which are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders;
4. Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in fundamental limitation (2) on the prior page. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation; or
5. 80% Investment Policy. The Fund has adopted an 80% investment policy to invest at least 80% of its assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in equity securities of “real estate” companies and “real estate related” companies, as defined in its then-current Prospectus, under normal market conditions. Shareholders will be provided with at least 60 days’ prior notice of any change in a Fund's 80% investment policy. The notice will be provided in a separate written document containing the following, or similar, statement, in boldface type: "Important Notice Regarding Change in Investment Policy." The statement will also appear on the envelope in which the notice is delivered, unless the notice is delivered separately from other communications to the shareholder.
If a restriction on the Fund's investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of Fund assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in average duration of the Fund's investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of the Fund's total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.
With respect to interpretations of the SEC or its staff described in fundamental restriction number 2 above, the SEC and its staff have identified various securities trading practices and derivative instruments used by mutual funds that give rise to potential senior security issues under Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, which prohibits mutual funds from issuing senior securities. Under the 1940 Act, a mutual fund may borrow from a bank, provided that immediately after any such borrowing there is an asset coverage of at least 300 percent for all borrowings; or from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund's total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. However, rather than rigidly deeming all such practices outside of bank borrowing as impermissible forms of issuing a "senior security" under Section 18(f), the SEC and its staff through interpretive releases, including Investment Company Act Release No. 10666 (April 18, 1979), and no-action letters has developed an evolving series of methods by which a fund may address senior security issues. In particular, the common theme in this line of guidance has been to use methods of "covering" fund obligations that might otherwise create a senior security-type obligation by holding sufficient liquid assets that permit a fund to meet potential trading and derivative-related obligations. Thus, a potential Section 18(f) senior security limitation is not applicable to activities that might be deemed to involve a form of the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund's engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by Section 18 of the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.
It is the Trust's policy to: (1) ensure that any disclosure of portfolio holdings information is in the best interest of shareholders; (2) protect the confidentiality of portfolio holdings information; (3) have procedures in place to guard against personal trading based on the information; and (4) ensure that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information does not create conflicts between the interests of the Trust's shareholders and those of the Trust's affiliates.
The Fund may, from time-to-time, make available month-end portfolio holdings information on the website www.altegris.com, including as applicable, information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings, investments in Other Investment Companies, securities issued by Underlying Pools, swaps and structured notes, as well as the alternative investment managers accessed through such investments, to the extent applicable. If month-end portfolio holdings are posted to the website, they are expected to be approximately 30 days old and remain available until new information for the next month is posted. Shareholders may request portfolio holdings schedules at no charge by calling 1-877-772-5838. The Adviser may also make available certain information about each Fund’s portfolio prior to the public dissemination of portfolio holdings, including, but not limited to, a Fund’s portfolio characteristics data; currency and sector exposures; a Fund’s asset class and instrument exposures; and a Fund’s performance attribution, by posting such information on the website www.altegris.com or upon reasonable request made to the Fund or the Adviser.
The Fund discloses their portfolio holdings by mailing the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period. In addition, the Fund discloses their portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-Q two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period.
The Fund may choose to make portfolio holdings information available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg earlier and more frequently on a confidential basis.
Under limited circumstances, as described below, a Fund's portfolio holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q. In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential and to not trade on any material non-public information.
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser
Personnel of the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, including personnel responsible for managing a Fund's portfolio, may have full daily access to all or a portion of a Fund’s portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for the Adviser and Sub-Adviser to provide their management, administrative, and investment services to the Fund. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, Adviser personnel and each Sub-Adviser's personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC
Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant, administrator and custody administrator for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings because that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
[XXX]
[XXX] is the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Fund’s annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
Thompson Hine LLP
Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Fund; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
Counsel to Independent Trustees
Counsel to the Fund’s Independent Trustees and its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
Additions to List of Approved Recipients
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of a Fund's portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential and to not trade on any materials non-public information. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about a Fund's portfolio holdings.
Compliance with Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to the Fund’s compliance with the Trust's portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
There is no assurance that the Trust's policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.
MANAGEMENT
The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trust's By-laws (the "Governing Documents"), which have been filed with the SEC and are available upon request. The Board consists of six (6) individuals of whom are not "interested persons" (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser ("Independent Trustees"). Pursuant to the Governing Documents of the Trust, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trust's purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
Board Leadership Structure
The Trust is led by Anthony Hertl, an Independent Trustee, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since July 2013. The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Hertl and, five (5) additional Independent Trustees. Additionally, under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for board meetings and (ii) providing information to board members in advance of each board meeting and between board meetings. Generally, the Trust believes it best to have a non-executive Chairman of the Board, who together with the President (principal executive officer), are seen by our shareholders, business partners and other stakeholders as providing strong leadership. The Trust believes that its Chairman, the independent chair of the Audit Committee, and, as an entity, the full Board of Trustees, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust, its Funds and each shareholder.
Board Risk Oversight
The Board of Trustees has a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair, Mark H. Taylor. The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its Chief Compliance Officer at quarterly meetings and on an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary. The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities. Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the Chief Compliance Officer is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information.
Trustee Qualifications
Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills.
Anthony J. Hertl has over 20 years of business experience in financial services industry and related fields including serving as chair of the finance committee for the Borough of Interlaken, New Jersey and Vice President-Finance and Administration of Marymount College, holds a Certified Public Accountant designation, serves or has served as a member of other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other fund boards.
Gary W. Lanzen has over 20 years of business experience in the financial services industry, holds a Master’s degree in Education Administration, is a Certified Financial Planner ("CFP"), serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards.
Mark H. Taylor, has over two decades of academic and professional experience in the accounting and auditing areas, has Doctor of Philosophy, Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees in Accounting, is a Certified Public Accountant and is Professor of Accountancy at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. He serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex, has served a fellowship in the Office of the Chief Accountant at the headquarters of the United States Securities Exchange Commission, served a three-year term on the AICPA Auditing Standards Board (2008-2011), and like the other Board members, possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other mutual fund boards.
John V. Palancia has over 30 years of business experience in financial services industry including serving as the Director of Futures Operations for Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. Mr. Palancia holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics. He also possesses a strong understanding of risk management, balance sheet analysis and the regulatory framework under which regulated financial entities must operate based on service to Merrill Lynch. Additionally, he is well versed in the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate and serves as a member of three other fund boards.
Mark D. Gersten has more than 30 years of experience in the financial services industry, having served in executive roles at AllianceBernstein LP and holding key industry positions at Prudential-Bache Securities and PriceWaterhouseCoopers. He also serves as a member of two other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex. Mr. Gersten is a certified public accountant and holds an MBA in accounting. Like other trustees, his experience has given him a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies operate.
Mark S. Garbin has more than 30 years of experience in corporate balance sheet and income statement risk management for large asset managers, serving as Managing Principal of Coherent Capital Management LLC since 2007. Mr. Garbin has extensive derivatives experience and has provided consulting services to alternative asset managers. He is both a Chartered Financial Analyst and Professional Risk Manager charterholder and holds advanced degrees in international business. The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustee's qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.
The following is a list of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and each person’s principal occupation over the last five years. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, Nebraska 68130.
Independent Trustees
Name, Address and Year of Birth | Position/Term of Office** | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Mark Garbin Born in 1951 |
Trustee Since 2013 |
Managing Principal, Coherent Capital Management LLC (since 2007). |
5
|
Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Two Roads Shared Trust (since 2012); Forethought Variable Insurance Trust (since 2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013); OHA Mortgage Strategies Fund (offshore), Ltd. (2014 - 2017); Altegris KKR Commitments Master Fund (since 2014); OFI Carlyle Global Private Credit Fund (since March 2018); |
Mark D. Gersten Born in 1950 |
Trustee Since 2013 |
Independent Consultant (since 2012); Senior Vice President – Global Fund Administration Mutual Funds & Alternative Funds, AllianceBernstein LP (1985 – 2011). | 5 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2013); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2013); Two Roads Shared Trust (since 2012); Altegris KKR Commitments Master Fund (since 2014); previously, Ramius Archview Credit and Distressed Fund (2015-2017); Schroder Global Series Trust (2012 to 02-2017) |
Anthony J. Hertl Born in 1950 |
Trustee Since 2005; Chairman of the Board since 2013 |
Retired, previously held several positions at a major investment bank including CFO-Specialty Finance Group, Director of Global Taxation and Capital Markets Controller. Prior thereto he spent 10 years at a global public accounting firm in the emergency companies and multi-national audit practices. Consultant to small and emerging businesses (since 2000).
|
5 |
Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2005); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Satuit Capital Management Trust (since 2007); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006); previously, AdvisorOne Funds (2004-2013); The World Funds Trust (2010-2013) |
Gary W. Lanzen Born in 1954 |
Trustee Since 2005 |
Retired since 2012. Formerly, founder, President, and Chief Investment Officer, Orizon Investment Counsel, Inc. (2000-2012). | 5 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2005); AdvisorOne Funds (since 2003); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2006); previously, CLA Strategic Allocation Fund (2014-2015) |
John V. Palancia Born in 1954 |
Trustee Since 2011 |
Retired (since 2011). Formerly, Director of Futures Operations, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. (1975-2011). | 5 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Funds since 2011); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2011); Northern Lights Fund Trust III (since 2012); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2012) |
Mark H. Taylor Born in 1964 |
Trustee Since 2007; Chairman of the Audit Committee since 2013 |
Chair, Department of Accountancy and Andrew D. Braden Professor of Accounting and Auditing, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University (since 2009); Vice President-Finance, American Accounting Association (2017-2020); President, Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association (2012-15). AICPA Auditing Standards Board Member (2009-2012). Former Academic Fellow, United States Securities and Exchange Commission (2005-2006). | 5 | Northern Lights Fund Trust (for series not affiliated with the Fund since 2007); Northern Lights Variable Trust (since 2007); Northern Lights Fund Trust III (since 2012); Alternative Strategies Fund (since 2010) |
Interested Trustees and Officers
Name, Address and Year of Birth | Position/Term of Office* | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Kevin E. Wolf 80 Arkay Drive Hauppauge, NY 11788 Born in 1969 |
President Since June 2017
|
Vice President, The Ultimus Group, LLC and Executive Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2019); President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2012-2019) Treasurer of the Trust
|
N/A | N/A |
Richard Malinowski 80 Arkay Drive Hauppauge, NY 11788 Born in 1983
|
Vice President Since March 2018
|
Senior Vice President (since 2017); Vice President and Counsel (2016-2017) and Assistant Vice President (2012 – 2016), Gemini Fund Services, LLC | N/A | N/A |
James Colantino 80 Arkay Drive Hauppauge, NY 11788 Born in 1969 |
Treasurer Since June 2017 |
Assistant Treasurer of the Trust (2006-June 2017); Senior Vice President - Fund Administration (2012-Present).
|
N/A | N/A |
Stephanie Shearer 80 Arkay Drive Hauppauge, NY 11788 Born in 1979 |
Secretary Since February 2017 |
Assistant Secretary of the Trust (2012-February 2017); Manager of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2018); Senior Paralegal, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (from 2013 - 2018); Paralegal, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2010-2013).
|
N/A | N/A |
Lynn Bowley Born in 1958 |
Chief Compliance Officer
|
Senior Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2007).
|
N/A | N/A |
*The term of office for each Trustee and officer listed above will continue indefinitely until the individual resigns or is removed.
**As of December 31, 2018, the Trust was comprised of 82 active portfolios managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Funds. The Funds do not hold themselves out as related to any other series within the Trust for investment purposes, nor do they share the same investment adviser with any other series.
Board Committees
Audit Committee
The Board has an Audit Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committee's responsibilities include: (i) recommending to the Board the selection, retention or termination of the Trust's independent auditors; (ii) reviewing with the independent auditors the scope, performance and anticipated cost of their audit; (iii) discussing with the independent auditors certain matters relating to the Trust's financial statements, including any adjustment to such financial statements recommended by such independent auditors, or any other results of any audit; (iv) reviewing on a periodic basis a formal written statement from the independent auditors with respect to their independence, discussing with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in the statement that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Trust's independent auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response thereto to satisfy itself of the auditor's independence; and (v) considering the comments of the independent auditors and management's responses thereto with respect to the quality and adequacy of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee Charter. The Audit Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing nominee candidates for consideration as Independent Trustees as is from time to time considered necessary or appropriate. The Audit Committee generally will not consider shareholder nominees. The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing and setting Independent Trustee compensation from time to time when considered necessary or appropriate. During the past fiscal year, the Audit Committee held thirteen meetings.
Compensation
Effective January 1, 2019, each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an investment adviser to any series of the Trust will receive a quarterly fee of $46,250, allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust, for his attendance at the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Trustees, to be paid in advance of each calendar quarter, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred. Previously, each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or an investment adviser to any series of the Trust received a quarterly fee of $35,875. In addition to the quarterly fees and reimbursements, the Chairman of the Board receives a quarterly fee of $11,250 and the Audit Committee Chairman receives a quarterly fee of $8,750.
Additionally, in the event a meeting of the Board of Trustees other than its regularly scheduled meetings (a “Special Meeting”) is required, each Independent Trustee will receive a fee of $2,500 per Special Meeting, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred, to be paid by the relevant series of the Trust or its investment adviser depending on the circumstances necessitating the Special Meeting.
The “interested persons” who serve as Trustees of the Trust receive no compensation for their services as Trustees. None of the executive officers receive compensation from the Trust.
The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Trust during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Each Independent Trustee attended all quarterly meetings during the period. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
NAME AND POSITION | Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | PENSION OR RETIREMENT BENEFITS ACCRUED AS PART OF FUND’S EXPENSES | ESTIMATED ANNUAL BENEFITS UPON RETIREMENT |
TOTAL COMPENSATION FROM FUND COMPLEX*PAID TO DIRECTORS |
Anthony J. Hertl | $2,619 | None | None | $2,619 |
Gary Lanzen | $2,206 | None | None | $2,206 |
Mark H. Taylor | $2,344 | None | None | $2,344 |
John V. Palancia | $2,206 | None | None | $2,206 |
Mark D. Gersten | $2,206 | None | None | $2,206 |
Mark Garbin | $2,206 | None | None | $2,206 |
*The term “Fund Complex” includes the series of Northern Lights Fund Trust (“NLFT”), and Northern Lights Variable Trust (“NLVT”) that are advised by the adviser.
Trustee Ownership
The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Trust as of December 31, 2018.[to be updated by subsequent amendment]
NAME OF TRUSTEE | DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE FUND | AGGREGATE DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN ALL REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES OVERSEEN BY TRUSTEE IN FAMILY OF INVESTMENT COMPANIES |
Anthony J. Hertl | None | None |
Gary Lanzen | None | None |
Mark H. Taylor | None | None |
John V. Palancia | None | None |
Mark D. Gersten | None | None |
Mark Garbin | None | None |
Management Ownership
As of [XXX], 2019, the Trustees and officers, as a group, owned no shares of the Fund and less than 1.00% of the Fund Complex’s outstanding shares.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a fund. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
As of [XXX[, 2019, the following shareholders of record owned 5% or more of a Class of the outstanding shares of each Fund as noted.
Class A Shares
Pershing, LLC | 193,097 | 15.45 | % | |||||
1 Pershing Plaza | ||||||||
Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 | ||||||||
Ameritrade Inc. | 139,215 | 11.14 | % | |||||
PO Box 2226 | ||||||||
Omaha, NE 68103 | ||||||||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC | 85,281 | 6.82 | % | |||||
Harborside Financial Center | ||||||||
Plaza 2 3rd FLR | ||||||||
Jersey City, NJ 07311 | ||||||||
LPL Financial | 74,266 | 5.94 | % | |||||
4707 Executive Drive | ||||||||
San Diego, CA 92121 | ||||||||
Class I Shares | ||||||||
Charles Schwab | 2,866,662 | 16.92 | % | |||||
211 Main Street | ||||||||
San Francisco, CA 94105 | ||||||||
Cuna Mutual | 965,677 | 5.70 | % | |||||
5910 Mineral Point Road | ||||||||
Madison, WI 53705 | ||||||||
Ameritrade Inc. | 1,591,138 | 9.39 | % | |||||
P.O. Box 2226 | ||||||||
Omaha, NE 68103 | ||||||||
Maril & Co FBO SG | 2,765,588 | 16.32 | % | |||||
C/O BMO Harris Bank | ||||||||
11270 West Park Place, Suite 400 | ||||||||
Milwaukee, WI 53224 | ||||||||
LPL Financial | 891,771 | 5.26 | % | |||||
4707 Executive Dr. | ||||||||
San Diego, CA 92121 | ||||||||
Class N Shares | ||||||||
Charles Schwab | 746,090 | 39.93 | % | |||||
211 Main Street | ||||||||
San Francisco, CA 94105 | ||||||||
Ameritrade Inc. | 136,296 | 7.30 | % | |||||
PO Box 2226 | ||||||||
Omaha, NE 68103 | ||||||||
National Financial Services, LLC | 95,816 | 5.13 | % | |||||
499 Washington Blvd. | ||||||||
Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND SUB-ADVISERS
Investment Adviser and Advisory Agreement
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. (the "Adviser"), located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400 La Jolla, CA 92037, serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser was established in 2010 for the purpose of advising mutual funds. The Adviser is wholly-owned and controlled by (i) private equity funds managed by Aquiline Capital Partners LLC and its affiliates (“Aquiline”), and by Genstar Capital Management, LLC and its affiliates (“Genstar”), and (ii) certain senior management of Altegris and certain of its affiliates. Established in 2005, Aquiline focuses its investments exclusively in the financial services industry. Established in 1988, Genstar focuses its investment efforts across a variety of industries and sectors, including financial services. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management of the Fund’s business affairs. Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") with the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of the Trust, and in conformity with the stated policies of the Fund, manages the portfolio investment operations of the Fund.
The Adviser has overall supervisory responsibilities for the general management and investment of the Fund’s securities portfolios, as detailed below, which are subject to review and approval by the Board of Trustees. In general, the Adviser's duties include setting the Fund's overall investment strategies and asset allocation as well as hiring and supervising sub-advisers.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, agrees to invest the assets of the Fund directly in accordance with applicable law and the investment objective, policies and restrictions set forth in the Fund's current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser shall act as the investment adviser to the Fund and, as such shall, directly, (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities hereunder; (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Fund in a manner consistent with its investment objective, policies and restrictions; and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained or lent by the Fund, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser or its designee, directly, will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission or spread than may be charged by other brokers. The Adviser also provides the Fund with all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the Fund's investments, compensates all officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors or employees of the Adviser, and all personnel of the Fund or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities. The Advisory Agreement was most recently renewed by the Board of the Trust, including by a majority of the Independent Trustees, at a meeting held on [August 22-23], 2018.
Pursuant to the advisory agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, the Adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee with respect to each Fund. Currently, the advisory fee is 1.30% for the Fund. The fee is computed daily and payable monthly. The Adviser has agreed contractually to waive its management fee with respect to each Fund and to reimburse expenses, other than expenses relating to any front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, fees and expenses associated with instruments in other collective investment vehicles or derivative instruments (including for example options and swap fees and expenses), borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses, such as litigation expenses (which may include indemnification of Fund officers and Trustees and contractual indemnification of Fund service providers (other than the Adviser)) at least until December 31, 2019, such that net annual fund operating expenses of the Fund do not exceed the percentages in the tables on the following page. Waiver/reimbursement is subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three-year basis (within three years after the end of fiscal year during which the fees were waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. No reimbursement amount will be paid to the Adviser in any fiscal quarter unless the Trust's Board of Trustees has determined in advance that a reimbursement is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Fund's expenses and increase its performance. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund accrued $1,471,926 in advisory fees, of which $78,316 was waived. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund accrued $2,667,077 in advisory fees, of which $134,803 were recaptured. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Fund accrued $[XXX] in advisory fees, of which $[XXX] were recaptured. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | ||
FUND CLASS | EXPENSE CAP | MINIMUM DURATION |
Class A | 1.80% | December 31, 2019 |
Class C | 2.55% | December 31, 2019 |
Class I | 1.55% | December 31, 2019 |
Class N | 1.80% | December 31, 2019 |
The Adviser may be terminated by the Trust’s Board of Trustees or a majority of Fund shareholders, on 60 days’ written
notice to the Adviser. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the advisory and sub-advisory
agreement with respect to the Fund is available in the Fund’s annual report dated December 31, 2018.
Expenses not expressly assumed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement are paid by the Fund. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, each Fund is responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser; (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser or Distributor (as defined under the section entitled ("The Distributor"); (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled "Custodian") and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (as defined under the section entitled "Transfer Agent"), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Fund and of pricing the Fund's shares; (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Fund; (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities transactions; (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Fund to governmental agencies; (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Fund may be a member; (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Fund; (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance; (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and of shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Fund's registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes; (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees' meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Trust who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders; and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund's business.
The Advisory Agreement continued in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (a) a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and by (b) the majority vote of either all of the Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days’ written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Adviser, or by holders of a majority of a Fund’s outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
Sub-Adviser and Sub-Advisory Agreements
The Adviser has (i) engaged American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC, to serve as Sub-Adviser to the Fund. American Assets Investment Management, LLC, an affiliate and predecessor firm of AACA, also served as the general partner and investment manager of American Assets Real Estate Securities, L.P. (“Predecessor Fund”). AACA is owned by Soledad Realty Capital, Inc. and American Assets Investment Management, LLC, and indirectly controlled by Burland B. East III and Ernest Rady, by virtue of his control of the Ernest Rady Trust.
The Sub-Adviser is responsible for selecting investments and assuring that investments are made according to the relevant Fund's investment objective(s), policies and restrictions.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the Sub-Adviser will formulate and implement a continuous investment program for the relevant Fund, in accordance with the Fund's objective(s), policies and limitations and any investment guidelines established by the Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser will, subject to the supervision and control of the Adviser, determine in its discretion which issuers and securities will be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund, and will place orders with and give instruction to brokers and dealers to cause the execution of such transactions. Each Sub-Adviser is required to furnish, at its own expense, all investment facilities necessary to perform its obligations under the respective Sub-Advisory Agreement. Pursuant to the relevant Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser is entitled to receive an annual sub-advisory fee on its portion of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Sub-Advisers are paid by the Adviser, not the Fund.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement shall continue in effect for two (2) years initially and then from year to year, provided it is approved at least annually by a vote of the majority of the Trustees, who are not parties to the agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty at any time by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser on 60 days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its "assignment" (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act).
Codes of Ethics
The Trust, the Adviser, each Sub-Adviser and the Distributor, have each adopted codes of ethics (each a “Code”) under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that governs the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under the Trust's Code the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Fund.
In addition, the Trust has adopted a separate Code, which applies only to the Trust's executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management. The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; ii) full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the SEC and in other public communications made by the Fund; iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations; iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and v) accountability for adherence to the Code.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures ("Policies") on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Adviser or its designee, subject to the Board's continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser or its designee vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser or its designee to present to the Board, at least annually, the Adviser's Proxy Policies, or the proxy policies of the Adviser's designee, and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser or its designee on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. It is anticipated that the Sub-Adviser will vote all proxies that are received on the Fund's behalf with respect to assets managed by the Sub-Adviser.
Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Adviser's or the Sub-Adviser's interests and the Fund's interests, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will resolve the conflict by voting in accordance with the policy guidelines or at the client's directive using the recommendation of an independent third party. If the third party's recommendations are not received in a timely fashion, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser will abstain from voting the securities held by that client's account. A copy of the Adviser’s and the Sub-Adviser's proxy voting policies are attached hereto as Appendix A.
More information. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30 are available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at 1.877.772.5838; and (2) on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures are also available by calling 1.877.772.5838 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, located at 17645 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130 (the "Distributor") serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Trust pursuant to an underwriting agreement with the Trust (the "Underwriting Agreement"). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and each state's securities laws and is a member of FINRA. The offering of each Fund's shares are continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Fund shares, will use reasonable efforts to facilitate the sale of the Fund's shares.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Distributor by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated with respect to a Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 60 days’ written notice to the affected Fund. The Underwriting Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.
The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016:
FUND |
NET UNDERWRITING DISCOUNTS AND COMMISSIONS | COMPENSATION ON REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES | BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS | OTHER COMPENSATION |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | $2,443 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
* The Distributor also received 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled “Rule 12b-1 Plans”.
The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017:
FUND |
NET UNDERWRITING DISCOUNTS AND COMMISSIONS | COMPENSATION ON REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES | BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS | OTHER COMPENSATION |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | $23,830 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
* The Distributor also received 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled “Rule 12b-1 Plans”.
The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018: [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
FUND |
NET UNDERWRITING DISCOUNTS AND COMMISSIONS | COMPENSATION ON REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES | BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS | OTHER COMPENSATION |
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | $ | $0 | $0 | $0 |
* The Distributor also received 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the following section entitled “Rule 12b-1 Plans”.
Rule 12b-1 Plans
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted the Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the each Fund's Class A, Class C, and Class N shares (the "Plans") pursuant to which the Fund pays fees to the Distributor for providing distribution and/or shareholder services to the respective Share Class of the Fund. Under the Plans, Class A, Class C, and Class N shares of the Fund may pay an account maintenance fee for account maintenance services and/or distribution fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25%, 1.00% and 0.25% for Class A, Class C and Class N shares, respectively of the Fund's average net assets attributable to the relevant class as compensation for the Distributor providing account maintenance and distribution services to shareholders. Such fees are to be paid by the Fund monthly, or at such other intervals, as the Board shall determine. Such fees shall be based upon each share class's average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily. The Fund may pay fees to the Distributor at a lesser rate, as agreed upon by the Board of the Trust and the Distributor. The Plans authorize payments to the Distributor as compensation for providing account maintenance services to Fund shareholders, including arranging for certain securities dealers or brokers, administrators and others ("Recipients") to provide these services and paying compensation for these services.
The services to be provided by Recipients may include, but are not limited to, the following: assistance in the offering and sale of each Fund’s Class A, Class C, and Class N shares and in other aspects of the marketing of the shares to clients or prospective clients of the respective recipients; answering routine inquiries concerning the Fund; assisting in the establishment and maintenance of accounts or sub-accounts in the Fund and in processing purchase and redemption transactions; making the Fund's investment plan and shareholder services available; and providing such other information and services to investors in shares of the Fund as the Distributor or the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, may reasonably request. The distribution services shall also include any advertising and marketing services provided by or arranged by the Distributor with respect to the Fund. The Adviser may be compensated by the Distributor for its distribution and marketing efforts.
The Distributor is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to the Plans and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Further, the Distributor will inform the Board of any Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Distributor to Recipients.
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class A 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2016:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $333 |
Payment to dealers | $7,685 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $2,690 |
Total | $10,708 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class C 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2016:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | None |
Payment to dealers | None |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | None |
Total | None |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class N 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2016:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $950 |
Payment to dealers | $2,109 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $7,807 |
Total | $10,866 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class A 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2017:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $1,011 |
Payment to dealers | $13,240 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $8,068 |
Total | $22,319 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class N 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2017:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | $5,477 |
Payment to dealers | $3,381 |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | $43,514 |
Total | $52,372 |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class A 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2018: [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | |
Payment to dealers | |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | |
Total |
The following table displays the allocated distribution related fees pursuant to the Class N 12b-1 Plan the Fund paid during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2018: [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund | |
Advertising/Marketing | None |
Printing/Postage | None |
Payment to distributor | |
Payment to dealers | |
Compensation to sales personnel | None |
Other | |
Total |
The initial term of the each Plan was one year and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board of the Trust and a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust and do not have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Rule 12b-1 Plan ("Rule 12b-1 Trustees") by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan. A Plan may be terminated at any time by the Trust or a Fund by vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund.
The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of the Distributor's compensation to be paid by a Fund, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the affected class of a Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board of the Trust and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on a Rule 12b-1 Plan. During the term of a Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees. The Distributor will preserve copies of the Plans, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.
Any agreement related to the Plans will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the applicable Fund at any time upon sixty days' written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or Fund; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries
Set forth below is a list of the member firms of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) to which the Adviser or certain of its affiliates made payments out of their revenues in connection with the sale and distribution of the Fund’s shares or for services to the Fund and its shareholders. Such payments are in addition to any 12b-1 Plan fees paid to such FINRA member firms. The level of additional compensation payments made to these firms will vary, may be limited to specific share classes and can include various initial and on-going payments. The payments are discussed in detail in the Prospectus under the title “Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries.”
As of the date of this SAI, the Adviser and/or the Fund has entered into arrangements with the following FINRA member firms: Ameriprise Financial Services Inc., Charles Schwab & Co. Inc., Cetera Financial Group, Inc., Fidelity, LPL Financial, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, National Financial Services, Pershing LLC, RBC Capital Markets Corporation, TD Ameritrade, Inc., UBS Financial Services, and Millennium Wave Securities. Inclusion on this list does not imply that the additional compensation paid to such firms necessarily constitutes “special cash compensation” as defined by FINRA Conduct Rule 2830. This list will be updated annually and interim arrangements may not be reflected. The Adviser and the Fund assume no duty to notify any investor whether a firm through which he/she invests should be included on any such listing. Investors are encouraged to review the prospectus for any other compensation arrangements pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. Investors are also encouraged to ask their financial intermediary what compensation that person or the relevant firm may be receiving for the investor’s investment in the Fund.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Burland B. East III is the Sub-Adviser of Fund. As of December 31, 2018, they were responsible for the portfolio management of the following types of accounts in addition to the Fund: [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Sub-Adviser Portfolio Manager
AACA
BURLAND B. EAST III | ||||
OTHER ACCOUNTS BY TYPE |
TOTAL NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS BY ACCOUNT TYPE | TOTAL ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE (IN MILLIONS) |
NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS BY TYPE SUBJECT TO A PERFORMANCE FEE |
TOTAL ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE SUBJECT TO A PERFORMANCE FEE |
Registered Investment Companies | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
Other Accounts | 3 | $353,268,941 | 1 | $50,669,331 |
Conflicts of Interest
When a Portfolio Manager has responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund or Adviser, respectively, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. The procedures to address conflicts of interest, if any, are described below for each Portfolio Manager.
The Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser, manage, or may in the future manage, multiple client accounts and, as such, potential conflicts of interest may arise. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of allocation of resources or of investment opportunities. For instance, the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may receive fees from certain client accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts.
Altegris will attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts. From time to time, Altegris may recommend or cause a client to invest in a security in which another client of Altegris has an ownership position. Altegris has adopted certain procedures intended to treat all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. To the extent that Altegris seeks to purchase or sell the same security for multiple client accounts, Altegris may aggregate, or bunch, these orders where it deems this to be appropriate and consistent with applicable regulatory requirements. When a bunched order is filled in its entirety, each participating client account will participate at the average share prices for the bunched order. When a bunched order is only partially filled, the securities purchased will be allocated on a pro-rata basis to each account participating in the bunched order based upon the initial amount requested for the account, subject to certain exceptions. The participating account will receive the average share price for the bunched order on the same business day. The Sub-Adviser employs substantially similar methods to attempt to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the management of multiple client accounts.
Compensation
For services as portfolio manager to the Fund, Mr. East is compensated through a combination of salary and future profitability of the Sub-Adviser’s real estate related strategies.
Ownership of Securities
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the Portfolio Manager in the Fund as of December 31, 2018: [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
NAME OF PORTFOLIO MANGER |
DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE FUND | |
Burland B. East III | $500,001-$1,000,000 | |
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE
Specific decisions to purchase or sell securities for the Fund are made by the Portfolio Managers who are employees of the Adviser or portfolio manager of a Sub-Adviser. The Adviser and Sub-Advisers are authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by them on behalf of the Fund to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Fund or the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser for a Fund's use. Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser may determine.
In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser will take a series of factors, such as but not limited to the following, into consideration:
· | the best net price available; |
· | the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer; |
· | the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and |
· | the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis. |
Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Fund may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided to the Fund. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of the Fund’s transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Fund, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Fund. An affiliated person of the Fund may serve as its broker on an agency basis provided that, among other things, the fee or commission received by such affiliated broker is reasonable and fair compared to the fee or commission received by non-affiliated brokers in connection with comparable transactions. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $226,589. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $315,387. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Fund paid brokerage commissions of $[XXX]. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
A Fund's portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by a Fund. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Fund's portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate was 34%. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate was [XX]%. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Fund Administration, Fund Accounting and Transfer Agent Services
Gemini Fund Services, LLC ("GFS"), which has its principal office at 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110 Hauppauge, New York 11788, serves as administrator, fund accountant and transfer agent for the Fund pursuant to a Fund Services Agreement (the "Agreement") with the Trust and subject to the supervision of the Board. GFS is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. GFS is an affiliate of the Distributor. GFS may also provide persons to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of GFS or its affiliates.
The Agreement became effective on June 22, 2011 and remained in effect for two years from the applicable effective date for the Fund, and will continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board. The Agreement is terminable by the Board or GFS on 90 days’ written notice and may be assigned by either party, provided that the Trust may not assign this agreement without the prior written consent of GFS. The Agreement provides that GFS shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, GFS performs administrative services, including: (1) monitoring the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Trust by others service providers; (2) monitoring Fund holdings and operations for post-trade compliance with the Fund’s registration statement and applicable laws and rules; (3) preparing and coordinating the printing of semi-annual and annual financial statements; (4) preparing selected management reports for performance and compliance analyses; (5) preparing and disseminating materials for and attending and participating in meetings of the Board; (6) determining income and capital gains available for distribution and calculating distributions required to meet regulatory, income, and excise tax requirements; (7) reviewing the Trust's federal, state, and local tax returns as prepared and signed by the Trust's independent public accountants; (8) preparing and maintaining the Trust's operating expense budget to determine proper expense accruals to be charged to each Fund to calculate its daily net asset value; (9) assisting in and monitoring the preparation, filing, printing and where applicable, dissemination to shareholders of amendments to the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, periodic reports to the Trustees, shareholders and the SEC, notices pursuant to Rule 24f-2, proxy materials and reports to the SEC on Forms N-SAR, N-CSR, N-Q and N-PX; (10) coordinating the Trust's audits and examinations by assisting each Fund’s independent public accountants; (11) determining, in consultation with others, the jurisdictions in which shares of the Trust shall be registered or qualified for sale and facilitating such registration or qualification; (12) monitoring sales of shares and ensure that the shares are properly and duly registered with the SEC; (13) monitoring the calculation of performance data for the Fund; (14) preparing, or cause to be prepared, expense and financial reports; (15) preparing authorizations for the payment of Trust expenses and pay, from Trust assets, all bills of the Trust; (16) providing information typically supplied in the investment company industry to companies that track or report price, performance or other information with respect to investment companies; (17) upon request, assisting each Fund in the evaluation and selection of other service providers, such as independent public accountants, printers, EDGAR providers and proxy solicitors (such parties may be affiliates of GFS) and (18) performing other services, recordkeeping and assistance relating to the affairs of the Trust as the Trust may, from time to time, reasonably request.
For the administrative services rendered to the Fund by GFS, the Fund pays GFS a fee equal to the greater of $40,000 minimum or an asset based fee, which scales downward upon net assets. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid $63,194 for administrative fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund paid $62,715 for administrative fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Fund paid $[XXX] for administrative fees. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
GFS, also provides the Fund with accounting services, including: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Fund's listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Fund; (vi) maintenance of certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciliation of account information and balances among the Fund's custodian or Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluation of daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Fund.
For the fund accounting services rendered to the Fund by the Agreement, the Fund pays GFS, an annual fee of $27,000 per fund portfolio, plus, an asset based fee which scales downward upon net assets. Discounts are based on service fee minimums only. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses. During the fiscal period ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid $17,318 for fund accounting fees. During the fiscal period ended December 31, 2017, the Fund paid $18,250 for fund accounting fees. During the fiscal period ended December 31, 2018, the Fund paid $[XXX] for fund accounting fees. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
GFS, also acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund pursuant to the Agreement. Under the Agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer-agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
For such services rendered to the Fund under the Agreement, the Fund pays GFS an annual fee equal to the greater of $15,000 per share class or an asset based fee which scaled downward upon net assets. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid $40,336 for transfer agent fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund paid $46,031 for transfer agent fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Fund paid $[XXX] for transfer agent fees. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Custodian
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017 (the "Custodian") serves as the custodian of the Fund’s assets pursuant to a custody agreement (the "Custody Agreement") by and between the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. The Custodian's responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities and collecting interest and dividends on the Fund’s investments. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian also maintains original entry documents and books of record and general ledgers; posts cash receipts and disbursements; and records purchases and sales based upon communications from the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser. The Fund may employ foreign sub-custodians that are approved by the Board to hold foreign assets.
Compliance Services
Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC ("NLCS"), 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, an affiliate of GFS and the Distributor, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust. NLCS’s compliance services consist primarily of reviewing and assessing the policies and procedures of the Trust and its service providers pertaining to compliance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. The Adviser pays the compliance service fee to NLCS. The Fund also pays NLCS for any out-of-pocket expenses. The Fund also pays NLCS for any out-of-pocket expenses. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund paid $24,231 in compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund paid $27,065 in compliance service fees. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Fund paid $[XXX] in compliance service fees. [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
Each share of beneficial interest of the Trust has one vote in the election of Trustees. Cumulative voting is not authorized for the Trust. This means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so, and, in that event, the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any Trustees.
Shareholders of the Trust and any other future series of the Trust will vote in the aggregate and not by series except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interest of the shareholders of a particular series or classes. Matters such as election of Trustees are not subject to separate voting requirements and may be acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. Each share has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. There are no conversion or preemptive rights applicable to any shares of the Fund. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the "Program") as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ("USA PATRIOT Act"). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust's Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program. The Trust's secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Fund's Distributor and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and providing a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to "freeze" the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
Calculation of Share Price
As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading "Net Asset Value," the net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund's shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund's portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of the Fund.
Generally, the Fund's securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security's primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers' Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ") National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. If market quotations are not readily available, or deemed unreliable for a security, or if a security's value may have been materially affected by events occurring after the close of a securities market on which the security principally trades, but before a Fund calculates its NAV, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board and evaluated by the Board as to the reliability of the fair value method used. In this respect, the Adviser and/or relevant Sub-Adviser participates in the valuation process by preparing the fair valuation for any such securities as per approved procedures and pursuant to a fair value process developed in coordination with the Fund’s administrator and auditors, and in some cases certain service providers to the issuers of securities subject to the fair valuation. This process is tested and subject to ongoing and periodic monitoring by the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator, and the Board as described below.
In cases where a fair valuation of securities is applied, the Fund's NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities' fair value rather than their market price. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. This fair value may also vary from valuations determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available.
The Fund and the Adviser may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Fund's securities. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. In computing the NAV, the Fund values foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the Fund's portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price the security using the Fund's fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund's portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Fund's NAV by short term traders.
With respect to any portion of the Fund's assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, each Fund's net asset value is calculated based upon the net asset values of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity.
Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost. Exchange traded options are valued at the last quoted sales price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on the exchange on which such options are traded. Futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board.
Under certain circumstances, the Fund may use an independent pricing service to calculate the fair market value of foreign equity securities on a daily basis by applying valuation factors to the last sale price or the mean price as noted above. The fair market values supplied by the independent pricing service will generally reflect market trading that occurs after the close of the applicable foreign markets of comparable securities or the value of other instruments that have a strong correlation to the fair-valued securities. The independent pricing service will also take into account the current relevant currency exchange rate. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. Because foreign securities may trade on days when Fund shares are not priced, the value of securities held by the Fund can change on days when Fund shares cannot be redeemed or purchased. In the event that a foreign security’s market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable (for reasons other than because the foreign exchange on which it trades closed before the Fund’s calculation of NAV), the security will be valued at its fair market value as determined in good faith by the Fund’s fair value committee in accordance with procedures approved by the Board as discussed below. Without fair valuation, it is possible that short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that it will prevent dilution of the Fund’s NAV by short-term traders. In addition, because the Fund may invest in underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the underlying ETFs do not price their shares, the value of these portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares.
As a result of the Fund’s investment, if any, in foreign securities or other instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the NAV of the Fund's shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of these instruments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the NYSE is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
Fund shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the "NYSE Close") on each day that the NYSE is open. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day. Domestic fixed income and foreign fixed income securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities.
The Fund may hold securities, such as private placements, interests in commodity pools, other non-traded securities or temporarily illiquid securities, for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable. These securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one of more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.
Fair Value Committee and Valuation Process. The fair value committee is composed of one of more representatives from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser. The applicable investments are valued collectively via inputs from each of these groups. For example, fair value determinations are required for the following securities: (i) securities for which market quotations are insufficient or not readily available on a particular business day (including securities for which there is a short and temporary lapse in the provision of a price by the regular pricing source), (ii) securities for which, in the judgment of the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, the prices or values available do not represent the fair value of the instrument. Factors which may cause the Adviser or Sub-Adviser to make such a judgment include, but are not limited to, the following: only a bid price or an asked price is available; the spread between bid and asked prices is substantial; the frequency of sales; the thinness of the market; the size of reported trades; and actions of the securities markets, such as the suspension or limitation of trading; (iii) securities determined to be illiquid; (iv) securities with respect to which an event that will affect the value thereof has occurred (a “significant event”) since the closing prices were established on the principal exchange on which they are traded, but prior to the Fund’s calculation of its net asset value. Specifically, interests in commodity pools or managed futures pools are valued on a daily basis by reference to the closing market prices of each futures contract or other asset held by a pool, as adjusted for pool expenses. Restricted or illiquid securities, such as private placements or non-traded securities are valued via inputs from the Adviser or Sub-Adviser valuation based upon the current bid for the security from two or more independent dealers or other parties reasonably familiar with the facts and circumstances of the security (who should take into consideration all relevant factors as may be appropriate under the circumstances). If the Adviser or Sub-Adviser is unable to obtain a current bid from such independent dealers or other independent parties, the fair value team shall determine the fair value of such security using the following factors: (i) the type of security; (ii) the cost at date of purchase; (iii) the size and nature of the Fund's holdings; (iv) the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase and subsequent thereto; (v) information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; (vi) the nature and duration of restrictions on disposition of the security and the existence of any registration rights; (vii) how the yield of the security compares to similar securities of companies of similar or equal creditworthiness; (viii) the level of recent trades of similar or comparable securities; (ix) the liquidity characteristics of the security; (x) current market conditions; and (xi) the market value of any securities into which the security is convertible or exchangeable.
Standards For Fair Value Determinations. As a general principle, the fair value of a security is the amount that a Fund might reasonably expect to realize upon its current sale. The Trust has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). In accordance with ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that the Fund would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market of the investment. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, for example, the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value including such a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
Various inputs are used in determining the value of each Fund's investments relating to ASC 820. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.
Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)
Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including a Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).
The fair value committee takes into account the relevant factors and surrounding circumstances, which may include: (i) the nature and pricing history (if any) of the security; (ii) whether any dealer quotations for the security are available; (iii) possible valuation methodologies that could be used to determine the fair value of the security; (iv) the recommendation of a portfolio manager of the Fund with respect to the valuation of the security; (v) whether the same or similar securities are held by other funds managed by the adviser (or Sub-Adviser) or other funds and the method used to price the security in those funds; (vi) the extent to which the fair value to be determined for the security will result from the use of data or formulae produced by independent third parties and (vii) the liquidity or illiquidity of the market for the security.
Board of Trustees Determination. The Board of Trustees meets at least quarterly to consider the valuations provided by the fair value committee and to ratify the valuations made for the applicable securities. The Board of Trustees considers the reports provided by the fair value committee, including follow up studies of subsequent market-provided prices when available, in reviewing and determining in good faith the fair value of the applicable portfolio securities.
The Trust expects that the holidays upon which the NYSE will be closed are as follows: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Purchase of Shares
Orders for shares received by the Fund in good order prior to the close of business on the NYSE on each day during such periods that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at the public offering price, which is NAV plus any sales charge, or at net asset value per share (if no sales charges apply) computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the close of the NYSE, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next-determined net asset value per share plus sales charges, if any.
Redemption of Shares
The Fund will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder's shares of the Fund when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the "Redemptions" section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholder's right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:
(a) when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
(b) when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;
(c) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to fairly to determine the value of net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or
(d) when the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.
In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the net asset value next determined after the termination of the suspension.
Supporting documents in addition to those listed under "Redemptions" in the Prospectus will be required from executors, administrators, trustees, or if redemption is requested by someone other than the shareholder of record. Such documents include, but are not restricted to, stock powers, trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as executor, certificates of corporate authority and waiver of tax required in some states when settling estates.
Deferred Sales Charge – Class A and C Shares
A deferred sales charge of up to 1% may be applied to Class A shares redeemed or exchanged for Class C shares within 18 months of purchase if the initial sales charge has been waived and the Fund's Distributor has paid authorized broker-dealers a commission for selling Fund shares. The deferred sales charge will equal the amount of the commissions paid on those shares redeemed. A deferred sales charge of up to 1% may be applied to Class C shares redeemed or exchanges for Class I Shares within one year of purchase.
Notice to Texas Shareholders
Under section 72.1021(a) of the Texas Property Code, initial investors in a Fund who are Texas residents may designate a representative to receive notices of abandoned property in connection with Fund shares. Texas shareholders who wish to appoint a representative should notify the Trust’s Transfer Agent by writing to the address below to obtain a form for providing written notice to the Trust:
Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund
c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC
17645 Wright Street, Suite 200
Omaha, Nebraska 68130
Redemption Fees
A redemption fee of 1% of the amount redeemed is assessed on shares that have been redeemed within 30 days of purchase.
Waivers of Redemption Fees: The Fund has elected not to impose the redemption fee for:
· | redemptions and exchanges of Fund shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends and distributions; |
· | certain types of redemptions and exchanges of Fund shares owned through participant-directed retirement plans; |
· | redemptions or exchanges in discretionary asset allocation, fee based or wrap programs ("wrap programs") that are initiated by the sponsor/financial advisor as part of a periodic rebalancing; |
· | redemptions or exchanges in a fee based or wrap program that are made as a result of a full withdrawal from the wrap program or as part of a systematic withdrawal plan including the Fund's systematic withdrawal plan; |
· | involuntary redemptions, such as those resulting from a shareholder's failure to maintain a minimum investment in the Fund, or to pay shareholder fees; or |
· | other types of redemptions as the Adviser or the Trust may determine in special situations and approved by the Fund's or the Adviser's Chief Compliance Officer. |
TAX STATUS
The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax adviser regarding their investment in the Fund.
The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau. By so qualifying, the Fund should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Fund will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Code.
Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Fund. Capital losses incurred after January 31, 2011 may now be carried forward indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. Under pre-enacted laws, capital losses could be carried forward to offset any capital gains for eight years, and carried forward as short-term capital, irrespective of the character of the original loss. Capital loss carryforwards are available to offset future realized capital gains. To the extent that these carryforwards are used to offset future capital gains it is probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders.
At December 31, 2018, the Fund had capital loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes available to offset future capital gains as follows: [to be updated by subsequent amendment]
Non-Expiring | |||||||||||
Short-Term | Long-Term | Total | |||||||||
AACA Real Estate | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
The Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be made after the end of each fiscal year, and no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Fund unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.
To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such securities or currencies; and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund's assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Fund's assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer); and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Fund control and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.
If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year, it will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As such, the Fund would be required to pay income taxes on its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Fund generally would not be liable for income tax on the Fund's net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities. Distributions to shareholders, whether from the Fund's net investment income or net realized capital gains, would be treated as taxable dividends to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund.
The Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Fund's ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending October 31 during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Fund during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Fund expects to time its distributions so as to avoid liability for this tax.
The following discussion of tax consequences is for the general information of shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders that are IRAs or other qualified retirement plans are exempt from income taxation under the Code.
Distributions of taxable net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Distributions of net capital gain ("capital gain dividends") generally are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shares of the Fund have been held by such shareholders.
The Fund’s net realized capital gains from securities transactions will be distributed only after reducing the gains by the amount of any available capital loss carry forwards.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals and estates and trusts, will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which should include dividends from the Funds and net gains from the disposition of shares of the Fund. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from an investment in the Fund.
A redemption of Fund shares by a shareholder will result in the recognition of taxable gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder's tax basis in his or her Fund shares. Such gain or loss is treated as a capital gain or loss if the shares are held as capital assets. However, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion of any loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain will be taxable as described above, whether received in additional cash or shares. Shareholders electing to receive distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset value of a share on the reinvestment date.
All distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain, whether received in shares or in cash, must be reported by each taxable shareholder on his or her federal income tax return. Dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December as of a record date in such a month, if any, will be deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31, if paid during January of the following year. Redemptions of shares may result in tax consequences (gain or loss) to the shareholder and also are subject to these reporting requirements.
Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption or exchange of Fund shares, except in the case of certain exempt shareholders. Under the backup withholding provisions of Section 3406 of the Code, distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain and proceeds from the redemption or exchange of the shares of a regulated investment company may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the investment company with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the Fund is notified by the IRS or a broker that withholding is required due to an incorrect TIN or a previous failure to report taxable interest or dividends. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Payments to a shareholder that is either a foreign financial institution (“FFI”) or a non-financial foreign entity (“NFFE”) within the meaning of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on: (a) income dividends paid by a Fund after June 30, 2014 and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares paid by the Fund after December 31, 2016. FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreement or other exemption, if it enters into a valid agreement with the IRS to, among other requirements, report required information about certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reports information relating to them. A Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.
This summary is not intended to be and should not be construed to be legal or tax advice. You should consult your own tax advisors to determine the tax consequences of owning the Fund shares.
Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements
To the extent such investments are permissible for the Fund, the Fund's transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund's securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
To the extent such investments are permissible, certain of the Fund's hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund's book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any) of such excess book income will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund's remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income); (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in the shares; and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Fund's book income is less than taxable income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regular investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
Investment by the Fund in certain "passive foreign investment companies" ("PFICs") could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a "qualified electing fund" ("QEF election"), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the company's income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company.
The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings "to the market" as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund's taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund's total return.
Foreign Currency Transactions
The Fund's transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.
Foreign Taxation
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties and conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may be able to elect to "pass through" to the Fund's shareholders the amount of eligible foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a shareholder generally subject to tax will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his or her pro-rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and may be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his or her pro-rata share of foreign taxes in computing his or her taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his or her U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to certain limitations. In particular, a shareholder must hold his or her shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 more days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a gain dividend. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Each shareholder will be notified within 60 days after the close of the Fund's taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will "pass through" for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder's U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund's income will flow through to shareholders of the Fund. With respect to the Fund’s, gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables will be treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. A shareholder may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of his or her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. The foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the revised alternative minimum tax imposed on corporations and individuals and foreign taxes generally are not deductible in computing alternative minimum taxable income.
Original Issue Discount and Pay-in-Kind Securities
Current federal tax law requires the holder of a U.S. Treasury or other fixed-income zero-coupon security to accrue as income each year a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased, even though the holder receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In addition, pay-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt securities that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount ("OID") is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. A portion of the OID includable in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate debt securities (including certain pay-in-kind securities) may be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the "accrued market discount" on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
Some debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount, or OID in the case of certain types of debt securities. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
A fund that holds the foregoing kinds of securities may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount, which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually receive. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realize net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Shareholders of the Fund may be subject to state and local taxes on distributions received from the Fund and on redemptions of the Fund's shares.
A brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution accompany each distribution. In January of each year the Fund issues to each shareholder a statement of the federal income tax status of all distributions.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisers about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Fund has selected [XXX], located at [695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92636], as their independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year. The firm provides services including (i) audit of annual financial statements, and (ii) other audit-related tax services.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Thompson Hine LLP, 41 South High Street, Suite 1700, Columbus, Ohio 43215 serves as the Trust's legal counsel.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements and report of the independent registered public accounting firm required to be included in this SAI are hereby incorporated by reference to the Annual Report for the Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. You can obtain a copy of the Annual Report without charge by calling the Fund at 1-877-772-5838.
APPENDIX A: PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Summary of the Adviser’s and each Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
ALTEGRIS ADVISORS, L.L.C.
15. | Proxy voting Policy |
Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-6 and Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act, it is a fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act, practice or course of business, within the meaning of Section 206(4) of the Advisers Act, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, unless (A) the adviser has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interests of its clients, (B) the adviser describes its proxy voting procedures to its clients and provides copies on request, and (C) the adviser discloses to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.
15.1 Voting Proxies
With to the Investment Funds, the Adviser does not transact securities transactions on behalf to the Investment Funds except for its allocation (and subsequent subscriptions and redemptions) into each Investment Fund’s respective Underlying Fund(s). These Underlying Funds are privately offered securities. Once allocated, the Adviser does not exercise discretion with respect to the underlying investments purchased for the Investment Funds, by the private investment fund managers. Therefore, it is anticipated that the managers of the Underlying Funds will vote all proxies. However, should an Investment Fund be put in a position to vote a security, the Adviser will adhere to this Proxy Voting Policy.
With respect to the Advisory Funds (other than the Altegris KKR Trusts), the Adviser currently conveys all authority to vote proxies on its behalf to sub-advisers, pursuant to the sub-advisory agreements entered into between the Adviser and each respective sub-adviser. However, should a sub-adviser not be in a position to vote a proxy relating to a security held by an Advisory Fund, the Adviser stands prepared, upon notice and in accordance with applicable proxy voting policies, to take the necessary action. The Adviser will review and maintain a record of the sub-adviser’s policies, procedures, and reporting provided to the NLFT with respect to related matters, including the Form N-PX. The Adviser will review its operations at least annually to confirm compliance with its policies and procedures. With respect to the Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund and the Altegris KKR Trusts, the Adviser will follow the Proxy Voting Policy described above.
The Adviser will vote proxies on behalf of its Clients, as required. In order to fulfill its responsibilities under the Advisers Act, the Adviser has adopted the following policies and procedures for proxy voting with regard to companies in the investment portfolio of Advisory Funds.
A. | All proxies sent to Clients that are actually received by the Adviser (to vote on behalf of the Client) will be provided to the Executive Officers. |
B. | The Executive Officers will generally adhere to the following procedures (subject to limited exception): |
1. | A written record of each proxy received by the Adviser (on behalf of its Clients) will be kept in the Adviser’s files; |
2. | The Executive Officers will determine which of the Adviser’s Clients holds the security to which the proxy relates; |
3. | Prior to voting any proxies, the Executive Officers will determine if there are any conflicts of interest related to the proxy in question in accordance with the general guidelines set forth below. If a conflict is identified, the Executive Officers will then make a determination (which may be in consultation with outside legal counsel) as to whether the conflict is material. |
4. | If no material conflict is identified pursuant to these procedures, the Executive Officers will vote the proxy in accordance with the guidelines set forth below. The Executive Officers will deliver the proxy in accordance with instructions related to such proxy in a timely and appropriate manner. |
5. | If, as a result of a decrease in the outstanding voting securities of an unaffiliated investment company or UIT, the Advisory Group (or a sub-advisory group), each in the aggregate, becomes a holder of 25 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the unaffiliated investment company or UIT, then the Adviser (or the Adviser will cause a sub-adviser) will vote its shares of the unaffiliated investment company or UIT in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of the unaffiliated investment company's or UIT's shares. |
15.2 Conflicts of Interest
A. | As stated above, in evaluating how to vote a proxy, the Executive Officers will first determine whether there is a material conflict of interest related to the proxy in question between Adviser and its Clients. This examination will include (but will not be limited to) an evaluation of whether the Adviser (or any affiliate of the Adviser) has any business or personal relationship with the company (or an affiliate of the company) to which the proxy relates outside of an investment in such company by a Client of the Adviser. |
B. | If a conflict is identified and deemed “material” by the Executive Officers, the Adviser may resolve such conflicts in a variety of ways. In most cases, to the extent that there is little or no discretion to deviate from the Advisory Funds’ policies and procedures on the proposal in question, proxies will be voted in accordance with such pre-determined guidelines. In other situations, the Executive Officers may (a) defer to the voting recommendation of either a non-conflicted party or an independent third party proxy voting service provider; (b) in consultation with legal counsel determine the appropriate method to resolve the conflict of interest; or (c) vote pursuant to client direction. The method selected may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of each situation. Examples of material conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to: a situation where the adviser provides significant investment advisory or other services to a company whose management is soliciting proxies; an officer of the Adviser serves on the board of a charitable organization that receives charitable contributions from the portfolio company and the charitable organization is a client of the Adviser; a portfolio company that is a significant selling agent of the Adviser’s products and services solicits proxies; a broker-dealer or insurance company that controls 5% or more of the Adviser’s assets solicits proxies; the Adviser and the portfolio company have a lending relationship. In each of these situations voting against management may cause the Adviser a loss of revenue or other benefit. |
C. | With respect to ERISA clients whose advisory contract reserves the right to vote proxies when the Adviser has determined that a material conflict exists that affects its best judgment as a fiduciary to the ERISA client, the Adviser will: |
1. | Give the ERISA client the opportunity to vote the proxies in question themselves; or |
2. | Follow designated special proxy voting procedures related to voting proxies pursuant to the terms of the investment management agreement with such ERISA clients (if any). |
15.3 Proxy Voting Guidelines
Proxy proposals received by the Adviser that relate to matters involving Clients’ accounts or investments will be reviewed to determine the relevance of issues presented by the proxies, and the materiality of those issues to Clients. Such determinations will be made by the Executive Officers, or by a department head or other person (a “Designated Officer”) having delegated authority from the Executive Officers to make such determinations. The Executive Officers or a Designated Officer will then: (1) vote the proxy (or determine not to cast a vote) consistent with his, her, or their professional investment judgment as to what course of action best serves the financial and economic interests of Clients affected by the proxy; or (2) instruct an underlying sub-adviser, manager or custodian of Clients’ assets, as applicable, regarding how to vote the proxy (or not to cast a vote) consistent with his, her, or their professional investment judgment as to what course of action best serves the financial and economic interests of Clients affected by the proxy.
As a matter of general policy, the Adviser is likely to vote against any management proposals from publicly-held companies that may, if passed, serve to insulate companies from the discipline of the market, from accountability to shareholders or from prudent regulatory compliance. Although each proxy may present unique issues requiring special consideration, the Adviser’s policies with respect to typical categories of proxies received from time to time in connection with Clients’ investments are set out below.
Operational Proposals. Proxies that relate to this category of proposals are a standard and necessary aspect of business operations of companies in which the Adviser may invest, and often may not have a significant effect on the value of the investment. Factors that may be considered in reviewing these proposals include the financial performance of the company, attendance and independence of board members and committees, and enforcement of strict accounting practices. If the Adviser determines to vote such proxies relating to operational proposals, it generally will be inclined to support company management in such matters, unless in the professional judgment of the Executive Officers or a Designated Officer the particular proposals to be voted on appear not to be in the best interests of Clients. Operations related proposals often relate to matters including, but not limited to: (1) name changes; (2) election of directors; (3) ratification of auditors; (4) maintenance of directors and officer’s indemnification and liability policies; or (5) ratification of employee stock purchase or ownership plans.
Changes in Corporate Structure or Status. Proxies relating to this category of proposals typically involve changes in status, ownership or classes of securities of a corporation, such as proposals regarding: (1) mergers, acquisitions, and restructurings; (2) reincorporations; or (3) changes in capitalization. Proxies falling within this category for which the Adviser determines to cast a vote will be reviewed by the Executive Officers or a Designated Officer, and voted, on a case-by-case basis taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances surrounding each such proposal.
Shareholder Democracy. The Adviser generally will be inclined to support proposals that enhance shareholder democracy, and vote against proposals that attempt to materially limit shareholder democracy or restrict the ability of Clients to realize the value of their investments. Proposals that restrict shareholder democracy may include, for example, proposals endorsing or facilitating: (1) unreasonable increases in indemnification or liability protections for directors and officers; (2) supermajorities or other unequal voting rights proposals; (3) classified or staggered boards of directors; (4) authorization of additional outstanding causing unfair dilution to existing shareholders’ interests; or (5) altered corporate structure or change in corporate domicile disadvantageous to the economic interests of shareholders.
Executive Compensation. The Adviser believes generally that reasonable compensation is appropriate for directors, executives and employees of companies in which the Adviser invests on behalf of Clients. Compensation should be used as an incentive to align the interests of the involved parties with the long-term financial success of a company, but should not be excessive or utilized in a way that compromises independence or creates conflicts of interest. The Adviser will review any proxy proposals relating to executive compensation for which it determines to cast a vote on a case-by-case basis in light of these general principles and the relevant facts and circumstances surrounding each such proposal.
Other Matters. Other categories of proxy proposals include those that address social, environmental, and issues of conscience with regard to the business conduct of a company. As with all proxies, the Adviser will review each issue on a case-by-case basis in accordance with these Proxy Voting Policies to determine what will best benefit the financial and economic interests of any Clients affected by each such proposal.
15.4 Disclosure of Procedures
Clients will be provided with contact information as to how they can obtain information about: (1) the Adviser’s proxy voting procedures (i.e., a copy of these procedures); and (2) how the Adviser voted proxies that are relevant to the affected Client.
15.5 Record-Keeping Requirements
The Executive Officers will be responsible for maintaining files relating to the Adviser’s proxy voting procedures. Records will be maintained and preserved for five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on a record, with records for the first two years kept in the offices of the Adviser. Records of the following will be included in the files:
A. | Copies of these proxy voting policies and procedures, and any amendments thereto; |
B. | A copy of each proxy statement that the Adviser actually received; provided, however, that the Adviser may rely on obtaining a copy of proxy statements from the SEC’s EDGAR system for those proxy statements that are so available; |
C. | A record of each vote that the Adviser casts; |
D. | A copy of any document that the Adviser created that was material to making a decision on how to vote the proxies, or memorializes that decision (if any); and |
A copy of each written request for information on how the Adviser voted such Client’s proxies and a copy of any written response to any request for information on how the Adviser voted proxies on behalf of Clients.
American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures:
Separately Managed Accounts
American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC ("AACA") has adopted the following guidelines (the "Guidelines") pursuant to which it, in the absence of special circumstances, generally shall vote proxies for its separately managed account clients (“Clients”). These Guidelines are designed to reasonably ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of the Clients.
I. Duty to Vote Proxies
AACA views seriously its responsibility to exercise voting authority over securities that are owned by
Clients.
A. | It is the policy of AACA to review each proxy statement on an individual basis and to vote exclusively with the goal to best serve the financial interests of the Client. |
B. | To document that proxies are being voted, AACA will keep a record reflecting when and how each proxy is voted. AACA will keep and maintain such records consistent with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended ("Advisers Act"), and other applicable regulations. AACA will make its proxy voting history and policies and procedures available to Clients upon request. To request a written copy, Clients, or their agents, may contact AACA at (858) 345-1470 or by writing to AACA at 11455 El Camino Real, Suite 140, San Diego, CA 92130. |
C. | AACA may utilize the services of an outside proxy service provider selected by its management at its sole discretion, provided that AACA determines that the instructions given to such outside proxy service provider are in the best interests of its Clients. |
II. Guidelines for Voting Proxies
AACA will generally vote proxies so as to promote the long-term economic value of the underlying securities, and generally will follow the Guidelines provided below. Each proxy proposal should be considered on its own merits, and an independent determination will be made whether to support or oppose management's position. AACA believes that the recommendation of management should be given substantial weight, but AACA will not support management proposals that may be detrimental to the underlying financial value of a stock.
AACA’s portfolio management and legal department will be responsible for administrating and overseeing the proxy voting process.
The Guidelines set forth below deal with the two basic categories of proxy proposals. While they are not exhaustive, they do provide a good indication of AACA's general approach to a wide range of issues.
AACA usually will oppose proposals that dilute the economic interest of shareholders, reduce shareholders' voting rights, or otherwise limit their authority. Proxies will be voted in what is believed to be in Client’s best interest and not necessarily always with management. Each situation is considered individually within the general guidelines. Routine proposals normally are voted based on the recommendation of the issuer's management. Non-routine proposals that could meaningfully impact the position of existing shareholders are given special consideration and voted in a manner that is believed to support the interests of the Client.
In certain circumstances, AACA may choose not to exercise its proxy voting authority. For example: when AACA believes that the costs to be incurred in assessing the Client’s best interest are greater than the benefits of exercising voting authority; when AACA has received or delivered a notice of termination of its investment management agreement with a Client, even if AACA retains trading authority for a transitional period; when the Client has provided specific voting instructions in writing as to its proxies; or when the Client has specified in writing that it will retain the authority to vote proxies or that it has delegated the right to a third party.
1. Routine Proposals
Routine proposals are those that do not propose to change the structure, bylaws, or operations of the corporation to the detriment of the shareholders. Given the routine nature of these proposals, proxies will nearly always be voted with management. Traditionally, routine proposals include:
• Approval of auditors election of directors and officers of the corporation
• Indemnification provisions for directors
• Liability limitations of directors
• Name changes
• Declaring stock splits
• Elimination of preemptive rights
• Incentive compensation plans
• Changing the date and/or the location of the annual meetings
• Minor amendments to the articles of incorporation
• | Employment contracts between the company and its executives and remuneration for directors |
• Automatic dividend reinvestment plans
• | Retirement plans, pensions plans and profit sharing plans, creation of and amendments thereto |
2. Non-Routine Proposals
These proposals are more likely to affect the structure and operations of the corporation and, therefore, will have a greater impact on the value of the stock. The portfolio voting the proxy will review each issue in this category on a case-by-case basis. AACA will be especially critical of lavish executive compensation and highly priced merger acquisition proposals, which would tend to lower future corporate earnings potential.
Non-routine proposals typically include:
• Mergers and acquisitions
• Restructuring
• Re-incorporation or formation
• Changes in capitalization
• Increase or decrease in number of directors
• Increase or decrease in preferred stock
• Increase or decrease in common stock
• Stock option plans or other compensation plans
• Social issues
• Poison pills
• Golden parachutes
• Greenmail
• Supermajority voting
• Board classification without cumulative voting
• Confidential voting
AACA will typically accept management's recommendations on shareholder proposed social issues, since it does not have the means to either evaluate the economic impact of such proposals, or determine a consensus among shareholders' social and political viewpoints.
3. Proposals Specific to Mutual Funds
AACA serves as investment adviser to certain investment companies under the Northern Lights Fund Trust. These funds invest in other investment companies that are not affiliated (“Underlying Funds”) and are required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) to handle proxies received from Underlying Funds in a certain manner. Notwithstanding the guidelines provided in these procedures, it is the policy of AACA to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from fund shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act. After properly voted, the proxy materials are placed in a file maintained by the Chief Compliance Officer for future reference.
III. Conflicts of Interests
AACA is sensitive to conflicts of interest that may arise in the proxy decision making process between AACA, its affiliated companies and their clients, or between Clients’ interests and the interests of AACA, AACA’s other clients, and AACA’s affiliated companies. AACA will seek to resolve all conflicts in its clients’ collective best interest. Voting in accordance with the Guidelines described above will generally prevent any conflicts that may appear to exist from affecting AACA’s voting. However, if a conflict of interest with respect to a proxy vote is identified, AACA will not vote the proxy until it has been determined that the conflict of interest is not material, or will take appropriate steps to resolve the conflict of interest. In assessing whether a conflict of interest is material and the steps to resolve the conflict, AACA will consult with senior management, the Chief Compliance Officer, and, as appropriate, an independent consultant or outside counsel in order to act in the collective best interest of AACA’s clients.
IV. Recordkeeping and Reporting
AACA is required to maintain records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204(2) of the Advisers Act and Rule 204-2(c) thereunder. AACA will maintain and make available to Clients for review a copy of its proxy voting policies and procedures, a record of each vote cast, and each written and verbal Client request for proxy voting records.
Proxy voting books and records are maintained by AACA for five years.
If requested in written form, the proxy voting history and policies and procedures shall be sent to a Client within five business
days of such a request. To request a written copy, Clients, or their agents, may contact AACA at (858) 345-1470 or by writing to
AACA at 11455 El Camino Real, Suite 140, San Diego, CA 92130.
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www.altegris.com
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Northern Lights Fund Trust
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 28.
EXHIBITS.
(a)(1) | Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated January 19, 2005, as amended December 14, 2009 previously filed on March 24, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 133, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(a)(2) | Certificate of Trust as filed with the State of Delaware on January 19, 2005. Previously filed on February 18, 2005 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(b) | By-Laws, effective as of January 19, 2005, as amended December 14, 2009, previously filed on March 24, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 133, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(c) | Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders. See Article III, “Shares” and Article V “Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings” of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust. See also, Article II, “Meetings of Shareholders” of the Registrant’s By-Laws. |
(d)(1) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Adaptive Allocation Fund (previously known as Critical Math Fund), and Critical Math Advisors LLC, previously filed on January 30, 2006 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(2) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Biondo Growth Fund, and Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on April 24, 2006 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 11, and hereby incorporated by reference. Amended Investment Advisory Agreement to include The Biondo Focus Fund previously filed on January 14, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 121, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(3) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Changing Parameters Fund, and Changing Parameters, LLC, previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(4) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Pacific Financial Core Equity Fund, the Pacific Financial Explorer Fund, the Pacific Financial International Fund, the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund and the Pacific Financial Tactical Fund, and The Pacific Financial Group, LLC, previously filed on May 10, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(5) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Wright Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(6) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to EAS Crow Point Alternatives Fund and Crow Point Partners, LLC, previously filed on October 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 883, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(7) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to KCM Macro Trends Fund and Kerns Capital Management, Inc., previously filed on October 11, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 542, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(8) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Wade Tactical L/S Fund and Wade Financial Group, previously filed on November 28, 2012 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 436, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(9) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Toews Hedged Core Frontier Fund and Toews Corporation previously filed on May 14, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 87, and hereby incorporated by reference. Amended Investment Advisory Agreement to include Toews Hedged Core W Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Bond Fund, Toews Hedged Core L Fund and Toews Hedged Core S Fund previously filed on June 4, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 156, and hereby incorporated by reference. Amended Investment Advisory to include Toews Hedged Growth Allocation, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund and Toews Hedged Commodities Fund previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(10) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Leader Short Term Bond Fund and Leader Capital Corp., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference. Amended Investment Advisory Agreement to include Leader Total Return Fund previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(11) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Montebello Partners, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the GMG Defensive Beta Fund previously filed on July 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 728, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(12) | Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the BTS Bond Asset Allocation Fund previously filed on July 21, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 94, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(13) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Astor Investment Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Astor Long/Short ETF Fund, the Astor S.T.A.R. ETF Fund and the Astor Active Income ETF Fund, previously filed on March 9, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 694, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(14) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Equinox Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Equinox MutualHedge Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on January 22, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 122, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(15) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Investment Partners Opportunities Fund previously filed on October 30, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 111, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(16) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Princeton Futures Strategy Fund, filed previously filed on July 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 847, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(17) | Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and 6800 Capital, LLC, with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 720, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(18) | Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Congress Asset Management Company, LLP, with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on October 9, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 540, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(19) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Chadwick & D’Amato, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Chadwick & D’Amato Fund previously filed on June 10, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 157, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(20) | Investment Advisory Agreement between 13D Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to 13D Activist Fund previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(21) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Macro Strategy Fund, Altegris Futures Evolution Fund, Altegris Equity Long Short Fund, Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund, Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternatives Fund and Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund previously filed on April 19, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 960, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(22) | Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Power Income Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(23) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Portfolio Strategies, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund and PSI Tactical Growth Fund previously filed on August 27, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 170, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(24) | Investment Advisory Agreement between CWC Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(25) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Traub Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The FX Strategy Fund previously filed on January 20, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 201, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(26) | Investment Advisory Agreement between TransWestern Capital Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on December 2, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 187, and hereby incorporated by reference. Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between TransWestern Capital Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on April 25, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 601, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(27) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between TransWestern Capital Advisors, LLC and Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on December 2, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 187, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(28) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Logan Circle Partners, L.P., and the Registrant, with respect to Fortress Long/Short Credit Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(29) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Beech Hill Advisors, Inc., and the Registrant, with respect to Beech Hill Total Return Fund previously filed on January 5, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 196, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(30) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc., and the Registrant, with respect to Navigator Equity Hedged Fund previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(31) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on March 1, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 226, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(32) | Transfer and Assumption Agreement between Knollwood Investment Advisors, LLC, and Dearborn Capital Management, L.L.C., with respect to the Investment Advisory Agreement specific as to the Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 31, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 491, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(33) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Diversified Risk Parity Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(34) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to Granite Harbor Alternative Fund and Granite Harbor Tactical Fund previously filed on April 21, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 240, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(35) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Zeo Short Duration Income Fund previously filed on May 27, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 261, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(36) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant, with respect to The Giralda Fund previously filed on May 4, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 245, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(37) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Iron Horse Fund previously filed on March 3, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 595, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(38) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Makefield Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Makefield Managed Futures Strategy Fund, previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(39) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Deep Values Convertible Fund and Patriot Fund previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 580, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(40) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Winch Advisory Services, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ginkgo Multi-Strategy Fund previously filed on July 19, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 282, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(41) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Doubleline Capital LP, with respect to Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(42) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to RPG Emerging Market Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on November 28, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 341, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(43) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and F-Squared Institutional Advisors, LLC, with respect to RPG Emerging Market Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on October 9, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 540, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(44) | Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Tactical Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on March 12, 2012 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 363, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(45) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Scotia Partners, LLC, with respect to the CMG Tactical Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on March 12, 2012 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 363, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(46) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Harvest Capital Strategies, LLC, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on October 15, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 543, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(47) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Wright Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Sierra Tactical Core Income Fund previously filed on December 21, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 343, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(48) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, Eagle Global Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund previously filed on October 15, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 543, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(49) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Visium Asset Management LP, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on October 15, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 543, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(50) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on October 15, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 543, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(51) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Sandalwood Securities, Inc., with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on October 15, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 543, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(52) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Deer Park Road Management, LP, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on January 13, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 658, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(53) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Acuity Capital Management, LLC, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on November 20, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 561, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(54) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and MidOcean Credit Fund Management, L.P., with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on April 7, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 598, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(55) | Interim Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Whippoorwill Capital Management LP, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on July 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 729, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(56) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and RockView Management, LLC, with respect to the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund previously filed on December 17, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 570, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(57) | Investment Advisory Agreement between The Pacific Financial Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Pacific Financial Alternative Strategies Fund, Pacific Financial Flexible Growth & Income Fund, Pacific Financial Balanced Fund, Pacific Financial Foundational Asset Allocation Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund, Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Conservative Fund and Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Diversified Growth Fund previously filed on December 17, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 570, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(58) | Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the BTS Hedged Income Fund previously filed on February 12, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 459, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(59) | Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund and CMG Managed High Yield Fund previously filed on May 30, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 488, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(60) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Alpha Simplex Group, LLC, with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund previously filed on October 29, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 648, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(61) | Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund previously filed on December 17, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 570, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(62) | Assignment and Consent between the Registrant, Emerald Asset Advisors, LLC and Crow Point Partners, LLC previously filed on March 7, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 469, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(63) | Advisory Fee Waiver between Traub Capital Management, LLC. and the Registrant, with respect to The FX Strategy Fund previously filed on April 30, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 480, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(64) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Giralda Fund previously filed on May 30, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 488, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(65) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(66) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and Main Point Advisors, Inc., with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(67) | Interim Investment Advisory Agreement between Probabilities Fund Management, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Probabilities Fund previously filed on December 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 789, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(68) | Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the Power Dividend Index Fund previously filed on October 11, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 542, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(69) | Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Iron Horse Fund previously filed on July 25, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 507, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(70) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Portfolio Strategies, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the PSI Calendar Effects Fund previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(71) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to the Grant Park Multi-Alternative Strategy Fund previously filed on December 17, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 570, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(72) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to the Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(73) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and American Assets Investment Management, LLC, with respect to Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund previously filed on March 3, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 595, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(74) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and J.P. Morgan Investment Management, Inc., with respect to Altegris Macro Strategy Fund and Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on October 28, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 551, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(75) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital, LLC, with respect to Anchor Alternative Income Fund previously filed on January 24, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 578, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(76) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital, LLC and Anchor Capital Management, Group, Inc., with respect to Anchor Alternative Income Fund previously filed on January 24, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 578, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(77) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Giralda Risk-Managed Growth Fund previously filed on February 24, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 593, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(78) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the Navigator Sentry Managed Volatility Fund previously filed on February 3, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 591, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(79) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund previously filed on July 11, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 614, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(80) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Astor Investment Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Astor Macro Alternative Fund previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(81) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management and EMC Capital Management, with respect to Grant Park Multi-Alternative Strategies Fund previously filed on July 28, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 617, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(82) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Chilton Investment Company, with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on August 22, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 625, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(83) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Leader Capital Corp., with respect to Leader Global Bond Fund previously filed on July 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 728, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(84) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Genesis Capital LLC, with respect to Anchor Tactical Municipal Fund previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(85) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC and Anchor Capital Management Group, Inc., with respect to the Anchor Tactical Municipal Fund previously filed on May 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 720, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(86) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC with respect to the Athena Value Fund previously filed on May 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 720, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(87) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and AthenaInvest Advisors LLC, with respect to the Athena Value Fund previously filed on October 12, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 881, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(88) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc., and Registrant with respect to the CMG Tactical Bond Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(89) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc., and Registrant with respect to the CMG Global Equity Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(90) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the BTS Hedged Income Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(91) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC, and Registrant with respect to the Ascendant Deep Value Convertibles Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(92) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC, and Registrant with respect to the Granite Harbor Alternative Fund and Granite Harbor Tactical Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(93) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co. Inc., and Registrant with respect to the Power Income Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(94) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(95) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund previously filed on March 9, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 694, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(96) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and MAST Capital Management, LLC, with respect to the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(97) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund and Ladenburg Income Fund previously filed on September 1, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No, 749, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(98) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund previously filed on September 8, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 750, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(99) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, LLC and Registrant with respect to Grant Park Absolute Return Fund and Grant Park Fixed Income Fund previously filed on April 30, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(100) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, LLC and Revolution Capital Management, LLC previously filed on August 7, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 734, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(101) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Deer Park Road Management Company, LP, with respect to Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund previously filed on October 16, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 762, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(102) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, LLC and Middleton Dickinson Capital Management, LLC, with respect to Grant Park Fixed Income Fund previously filed on October 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 762, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(103) | Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Grant Park Fixed Income Fund previously filed on January 25, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 923, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(104) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Registrant with respect to AFES Fund Limited, previously filed on October 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 768, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(105) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Registrant with respect to AGMS Fund Limited, previously filed on October 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 768, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(106) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Registrant with respect to AMFS Fund Limited, previously filed on October 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 768, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (107) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy previously filed on December 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 789, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (108) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between The Pacific Financial Group, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Pacific Financial Strategic Conservative Fund previously filed on December 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 789, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (109) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Genesis Capital, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Armor Alternative Fund previously filed on December 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 789, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (110) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Giralda Risk Managed Fund previously filed on December 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 789, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (111) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on January 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 791, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (112) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to Princeton Premium Fund previously filed on November 2, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 887, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(113) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Horse Cove Partners, LLC, with respect to Princeton Premium Fund previously filed on November 2, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 887, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(114) | Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E Donoghue & Co. Inc., and Power Momentum Index Fund previously filed on May 26, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 833, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(115) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Convector Capital Management, LP with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on April 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 821, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(116) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC with respect to the Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on June 6, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 836, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d) (117) | Interim Sub-Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Shelton Capital Management, with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on July 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 847, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(118) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., and Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund previously filed on January 25, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 923, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(119) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, and Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund previously filed on March 10, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 953, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(120) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Centurion Investment Management, LLC with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(121) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and GSA Capital Partners LLP with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(122) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and QMS Capital Management, LP with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(123) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Three Rock Capital Management, Limited with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(124) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Millburn Corporation with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(125) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and GSA Capital Partners LLP with respect to the Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(126) | Investment Advisory Agreement between AlphaCore Capital, and the Registrant with respect to the AlphaCore Absolute Fund previously filed on December 30, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 913, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(127) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Leader Capital Corporation, and Leader Floating Rate Fund previously filed on January 3, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 917, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(128) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC and AssetOne, LLC with respect to the Ascendant Tactical Yield Fund previously filed on January 25, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 925, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(129) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and Crabel Capital Management, LLC with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(130) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and PhaseCapital LP with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(131) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and Mauldin Solutions, LLC with respect to the CMG Mauldin Solutions Core Fund previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(132) | Investment Advisory Agreement between AlphaCore Capital, LLC and AlphaCore Statistical Arbitrage Fund previously filed on August 9, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 984, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(133) | Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & Co., LLC, Power Floating Rate Index Fund and Power Dividend Mid-Cap Index Fund previously filed on October 30, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,019, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(134) | Investment Advisory Agreement between The Pacific Financial Group, LLC and RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® Tactical 0-30 Fund, RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 0-10 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 15-25 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Balanced 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Aggressive 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Equity 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Global 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG 30+ Fund, RiskPro® 30+ Fund and RiskPro® Aggressive 30+ Fund previously filed on September 15, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,008, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(135) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Toews Corporation and Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF previously filed on August 10, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,109, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(136) | Investment Advisory Agreement between W.E Donoghue & Co., LLC and Power Global Tactical Allocation/JAFlorines Fund previously filed on June 29, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,099, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(137) | Investment Advisory Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and BTS Managed Income Fund previously filed on March 5, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,072, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(138) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund and Altegris/AACA Real Estate Income Fund previously filed on July 27, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,106, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(139) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC with respect to the Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund previously filed on July 27, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,106, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(140) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and American Assets Capital Advisers, LLC with respect to the Altegris/AACA Real Estate Fund previously filed on July 27, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,106, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(d)(141) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Wright Fund Management, LLC and Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund is filed herewith. |
(d)(142) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, LLC and Navigator Ultra Short Term Bond Fund to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(d)(143) | Investment Advisory Agreement between Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC and Zeo Sustainable Credit Fund to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(e)(1) | Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Lights Distributors LLC previously filed on July 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 728, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(e)(2) | Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Foreside Distribution Services, LP with respect to The Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference. Amendment to Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Foreside Distribution Services, LP with respect to Leader Global Bond Fund, Leader Total Return Fund and Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on June 3, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 721, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(e)(3) | Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and ALPS Distribution, Inc. with respect to 13D Activist Fund, previously filed on April 7, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 598, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(f) | Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts - NONE |
(g)(1) | Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, previously filed on October 3, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(g)(2) | Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the First National Bank of Omaha is hereby incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 2, 2007 and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(g)(3) | Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Union Bank, N.A., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(g)(4) | Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Fifth Third Bank, previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(g)(5) | Custody Agreement between the Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. previously filed on August 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 302, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(g)(6) | Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association previously filed on August 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 302, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(1) | Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, dated June 22, 2011, previously filed on June 6, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 721, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(2) | Amended Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Adaptive Allocation Fund and Critical Math Advisors LLC previously filed on July 11, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 614, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(3) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Biondo Growth Fund, and Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on April 29, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 605, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(4) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Pacific Financial Faith & Values Based Moderate Fund was previously filed on August 26, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 628, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(5) | Revised Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Sierra Core Retirement Fund and Wright Fund Management, LLC previously filed on March 9, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 694, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(6) | Custody Administration Agreement between Registrant and the Administrator, with respect to certain Funds of the Trust that use First National Bank of Omaha as Custodian, is hereby incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 2, 2007 and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(7) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to KCM Macro Trends Fund and Kerns Capital Management, Inc., previously filed on April 18, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 41, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(8) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Wade Tactical Long/Short Fund and Wade Financial Group previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(9) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Toews Hedged Core Frontier Fund, Toews Hedged Core W Fund, Toews Hedged High Yield Bond Fund, Toews Hedged Core L Fund, Toews Hedged Core S Fund, Toews Hedged Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund and Toews Unconstrained Income Fund and Toews Corporation previously filed on August 28, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 631, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(10) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Leader Short-Term Bond Fund and Leader Capital Corp., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(11) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Absolute Return Strategies Fund and CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on March 9, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 80, and hereby incorporated by reference. Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the CMG SR Tactical Bond Fund and CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. as last updated on June 17, 2013 previously filed on June 17, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 496, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(12) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the GMG Defensive Beta Fund and Montebello Partners, LLC previously filed on July 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 728, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(13) | Revised Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund and Astor Sector Allocation Fund, and Astor Investment Management, LLC previously filed on March 10, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 953, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(14) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Equinox MutualHedge Futures Strategy Fund and Equinox Fund Management, LLC previously filed on September 1, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No, 749, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(15) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Investment Partners Opportunities Fund and Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. previously filed on April 29, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 606, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(16) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Princeton Futures Strategy Fund and Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 6, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 836, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(17) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Leader Total Return Fund and Leader Capital Corp. previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(18) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., with respect to Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. previously filed on March 9, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 811, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(19) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Power Income Fund and Power Dividend Index Fund W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. previously filed on July 27, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 728, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(20) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth Fund, and PSI Calendar Effects Fund previously filed on October 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 762, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(21) | Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to CWC Small Cap Aggressive Value Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(22) | Amended Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund previously filed on May 29, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 608, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(23) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Logan Circle Partners, L.P. and the Registrant, with respect to Fortress Long/Short Credit Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(24) | Amended Expense Limitation Agreement between Beech Hill Advisors, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Beech Hill Total Return Fund previously filed on May 29, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 608, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(25) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to Navigator Equity Hedged Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(26) | Amended Expense Limitation Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to Grant Park Managed Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 11, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 614, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(27) | Amended Expense Limitation Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, L.L.C. previously filed on May 26, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 833, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(28) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Granite Harbor Alternative Fund and Granite Harbor Tactical Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(29) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Macro Strategy Fund and Altegris Equity Long Short Fund previously filed on March 9, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 811, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(30) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Zeo Short Duration Income Fund was previously filed on August 26, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 628, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(31) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to The Giralda Fund previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(32) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Iron Horse Fund previously filed on January 13, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 658, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(33) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Makefield Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Makefield Managed Futures Strategy Fund, previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(34) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Ascendant Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Deep Value Convertibles Fund and Patriot Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(35) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. and the Registrant, with respect to Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(36) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Risk Paradigm Group, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to RPG Emerging Market Sector Rotation Fund previously filed on November 28, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 341, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(37) | Expense Limitation Agreement between CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant, with respect to the CMG Tactical Equity Strategy Fund, CMG Global Equity Fund and CMG Managed High Yield Fund previously filed on April 30, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 607, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(38) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Wright Fund Management and the Registrant, with respect to the Tactical Core Income Fund previously filed on March 10, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 954, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(39) | Form of Revised Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, Eagle Global Advisors, LLC and the Registrant, with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy previously filed on July 24, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,104, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(40) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, and the Registrant with respect to the Sandalwood Opportunity Fund previously filed on January 28, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Amendment No. 586, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(41) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., and the Registrant with respect to the Altegris Fixed Income Long Short Fund and Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund previously filed on April 30, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 607, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(42) | Expense Limitation Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund previously filed on April 22, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Amendment No. 815, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(43) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund previously filed on January 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 797, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(44) | Interim Expense Limitation Agreement between Probabilities Fund Management, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Probabilities Fund previously filed on January 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 797, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(45) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(46) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Genesis Capital, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Anchor Alternative Income Fund previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(47) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Giralda Advisors, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Giralda Risk-Managed Growth Fund previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(48) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the Navigator Sentry Managed Volatility Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(49) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Astor Investment Management, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Astor Macro Alternative Fund previously filed on October 3, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 876, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(50) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. and the Registrant with respect to the Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund previously filed on January 23, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 659, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(51) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Leader Capital Corp. and the Registrant with respect to the Leader Global Bond Fund previously filed on October 29, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 648, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(52) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Genesis Capital LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Anchor Tactical Municipal Fund previously filed on May 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 720, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(53) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Athena Value Fund previously filed on May 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 720, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(54) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Dearborn Capital Management, LLC and the Registrant with respect to the Grant Park Absolute Return and Grant Park Fixed Income previously filed on January 25, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 923, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(55) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc. and Registrant with respect to the Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund and Ladenburg Income Fund previously filed on December 14, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 906, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(56) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund previously filed on March 10, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 954, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(57) | Consulting Agreement between Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC and Registrant previously filed on August 7, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 734, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(58) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Probabilities Fund Management and Registrant with respect to the Probabilities Fund is previously filed on December 31, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 789, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(59) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Princeton Premium Fund previously filed on June 6, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 836, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(60) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund is previously filed on April 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 821, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(61) | Amended Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Princeton Futures Strategy Fund previously filed on July 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 847, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(62) | Amendment to the Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC previously filed on September 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 873, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(63) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and Registrant with respect to the Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund previously filed on April 19, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 960, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(64) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Toews Corporation and Registrant with respect to the Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund previously filed on October 12, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 881, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(65) | Expense Limitation Agreement between AlphaCore Absolute, LLC, and Registrant with respect to AlphaCore Absolute Return Fund, previously filed on October 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 885, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(69) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, and Registrant with respect to Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund, previously filed on March 10, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 953, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(70) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Leader Capital Corporation, and Registrant with respect to Leader Floating Rate Fund, previously filed on January 3, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 917, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(71) | Expense Limitation Agreement between AlphaCore Capital, LLC, and Registrant with respect to AlphaCore Statistical Arbitrage Fund, previously filed on August 9, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 984, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(72) | Expense Limitation Agreement between W.E. Donoghue & CO., LLC, and Registrant with respect to Power Floating Rate Index Fund and Power Dividend Mid-Cap Index Fund, previously filed on October 30, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,019, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(73) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Toews Corporation and Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF previously filed on August 10, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,109, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(74) | Expense Limitation Agreement between W.E Donoghue & Co., LLC and Power Global Tactical Allocation/JAFlorines Fund previously filed on June 29, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,099, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(75) | Expense Limitation Agreement between BTS Asset Management, Inc. and BTS Managed Income Fund previously filed on March 5, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,072, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(76) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Altegris Advisors, LLC and Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(h)(77) | Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between Wright Fund Management, LLC and Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund previously filed on December 26, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,145, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(h)(78) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Clark Capital Management Group, LLC and Navigator Ultra Short Term Bond Fund to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(h)(79) | Expense Limitation Agreement between Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC and Zeo Sustainable Credit Fund to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(i)(1) | Legal Opinion previously filed on February 12, 2019 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,170, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(i)(2) | Consent of Counsel to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(j)(1) | Consent of Independent Auditor to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(j)(2) | Powers of Attorney of Anthony J. Hertl, Gary W. Lanzen, Mark Taylor, John V. Palancia, Mark D. Gersten, Mark Garbin and Kevin Wolf previously filed on June 30, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 981, and hereby incorporated by reference. Powers of Attorney of Andrew Rogers previously filed on September 1, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,001, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(j)(3) | Powers of Attorney of Anthony J. Hertl, Gary W. Lanzen, Mark Taylor, John V. Palancia, Andrew Rogers, Mark Garbin and Mark D. Gersten with respect to AMA Fund Ltd. previously filed on April 17, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 599, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(k) | Omitted Financial Statements - Not Applicable. |
(l) | Initial Capital Agreements - Not Applicable. |
(m)(1) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class A Shares previously filed on October 10, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 638, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(2) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class A1 Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(3) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class C Shares previously filed on October 10, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 638, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(4) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class I Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(5) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class I1 Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(6) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class N Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(7) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class O Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(8) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class R Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(9) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class R-1 Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(10) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class R-2 Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(11) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class W Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(12) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class Y Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(13) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Institutional Class Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(14) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Investor Class Shares, previously filed on October 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 884, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(15) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Manager Class Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(16) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Non-designated Class Shares previously filed on May 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 720, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(17) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Retail Class Shares previously filed on October 4, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 539, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(18) | Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. with respect to The 13D Activist Fund previously filed on March 3, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 595, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(19) | Master Distribution Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class T Shares previously filed on May 5, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 965, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(m)(20) | Master ETF Distribution Shareholders Servicing Plan, to be filed by subsequent amendment. |
(n) | Rule 18f-3 Plan to add AlphaCore Statistical Arbitrage Fund, previously filed on August 9, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 984, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(n)(1) | Revised Rule 18f-3 Plan to add Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund previously filed on December 26, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,145, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(1) | Code of Ethics of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, previously filed on August 10, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,109, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(2) | Code of Ethics of Critical Math Advisors LLC, previously filed on January 30, 2006 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(3) | Code of Ethics of Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, previously filed on October 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 882, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(5) | Code of Ethics of Changing Parameters, LLC previously filed on January 12, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 16, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(6) | Code of Ethics of The Pacific Financial Group, LLC previously filed on May 10, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 21, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(7) | Code of Ethics of Wright Fund Management, LLC, previously filed on December 17, 2007 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 35, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(8) | Code of Ethics of Crow Point Partners, LLC, previously filed on January 23, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 576, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(9) | Code of Ethics of Kerns Capital Management, Inc. previously filed on October 12, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,128, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(10) | Code of Ethics of Equinox Fund Management, LLC previously filed on September 25, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,126, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(11) | Code of Ethics of Wade Financial Group, previously filed on August 21, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 58, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(12) | Code of Ethics of Toews Corporation previously filed on August 28, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 631, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(13) | Code of Ethics of Leader Capital Corp., previously filed on October 20, 2008 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 66, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(14) | Code of Ethics of CMG Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(15)
|
Code of Ethics of Traub Capital Management, LLC previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(16) | Code of Ethics of Bandon Capital Management, LLC previously filed on August 28, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 631, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(17) | Code of Ethics of Scotia Partners, Ltd. previously filed on April 30, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 84, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(18)
|
Code of Ethics of Summit Portfolios Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 24, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 91, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(19)
|
Code of Ethics of Montebello Partners, LLC previously filed on September 14, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 104, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(20)
|
Code of Ethics of BTS Asset Management, LLC previously filed on October 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 883, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(21)
|
Code of Ethics of National Asset Management, Inc., previously filed on January 23, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 576, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(22) | Code of Ethics of Investment Partners Asset Management, Inc. previously filed on October 2, 2009 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 107, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(23) | Code of Ethics of Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC previously filed on April 7, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 598, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(24) | Code of Ethics of 6800 Capital, LLC previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(25) | Code of Ethics of Congress Asset Management Company, LLP previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(26) | Code of Ethics of Chadwick & D’Amato, LLC previously filed on June 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 162, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(27) | Code of Ethics of 13D Management, LLC previously filed on July 8, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 164, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(28) | Code of Ethics of Altegris Advisors, L.L.C. previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(29) | Code of Ethics of W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc. previously filed on October 24, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,129, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(30) | Code of Ethics of Portfolio Strategies, Inc. previously filed on August 31, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 171, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(31) | Code of Ethics of CWC Advisors, LLC previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(32) | Code of Ethics of TransWestern Capital Advisors, LLC previously filed on October 25, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1130, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(33) | Code of Ethics of Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., previously filed on July 2, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,100, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(34) | Code of Ethics of Beech Hill Advisors, Inc. previously filed on November 30, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 186, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(35) | Code of Ethics of Clark Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on December 2, 2010 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 187, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(36) | Code of Ethics of Dearborn Capital Management, L.L.C., previously filed on January 23, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 576, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(37) | Code of Ethics of Risk Paradigm Group, LLC previously filed on March 14, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 230, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(38) | Code of Ethics of Genesis Capital, LLC previously filed on March 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 232, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(39) | Code of Ethics of CWM, LLC previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(40) | Code of Ethics of Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(41) | Code of Ethics of Giralda Advisors, LLC previously filed on March 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 232, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(42) | Code of Ethics of Van Hulzen Asset Management, LLC previously filed on May 6, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 246, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(43) | Code of Ethics of Ascendant Advisors, LLC previously filed on August 28, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 631, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(44) | Code of Ethics of Winch Advisory Services, LLC previously filed on December 29, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 345, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(45) | Code of Ethics of Absolute Private Wealth Management, LLC previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(46) | Code of Ethics of Horizon Cash Management LLC previously filed on July 1, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 279, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(47) | Code of Ethics of DoubleLine Capital LP was previously filed on October 19, 2011 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 318, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(48) | Code of Ethics of Eagle Global Advisors, LLC previously filed on June 12, 2012 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 386, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(49) | Code of Ethics of Sandalwood Securities, Inc. previously filed on January 23, 2014 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 576, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(50) | Code of Ethics of RockView Management, LLC previously filed on December 18, 2012 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 445, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(51) | Code of Ethics of Alpha Simplex Group, LLC previously filed on October 11, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 542, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(52) | Code of Ethics of Probabilities Fund Management, LLC previously filed on October 11, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 542, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(53) | Code of Ethics of American Assets Investment Management, LLC previously filed on December 23, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 571, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(54) | Code of Ethics of Anchor Capital Management Group, Inc. previously filed on January 24, 2013 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 578, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(55) | Code of Ethics of AthenaInvest Advisors LLC previously filed on April 15, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 697, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(56) | Code of Ethics of Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc. previously filed on June 26, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 725, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(57) | Code of Ethics of Deer Park Road Management, previously filed on July 2, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,100, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(58) | Code of Ethics of Whippoorwill Capital Management LP previously filed on July 28, 2015 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 729, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(59) | Code of Ethics of Main Point Advisers, Inc. previously filed on January 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 797, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(60) | Code of Ethics of Asset One, LLC previously filed on February 19, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 807, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(61) | Code of Ethics of Coe Capital Management, LLC previously filed on February 19, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 807, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(62) | Code of Ethics of Harvest Capital Strategies, LLC previously filed on February 19, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 807, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(63) | Code of Ethics of Critical Math Advisors, LLC previously filed on February 19, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 808, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(64) | Code of Ethics of Mariner Holdings, LLC previously filed on February 19, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 808, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(65) | Code of Ethics of Horse Cove Partners, LLC previously filed on June 6, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 836, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(66) | Code of Ethics of MAST Capital Management, LLC previously filed on April 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 821, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(67) | Code of Ethics of Chilton Investment Company, LLC previously filed on April 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 821, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(68) | Code of Ethics of Convector Capital Management, LP previously filed on April 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 821, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(69) | Code of Ethics of Visium Asset Management, LP previously filed on April 28, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 821, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(70) | Code of Ethics of Middleton Dickinson Capital Management, LLC previously filed on June 6, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 836, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(71) | Code of Ethics of Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC previously filed on June 6, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 836, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(72) | Code of Ethics of Astor Investment Management, LLC previously filed on September 27, 2016 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 873, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(73) | Code of Ethics of AlphaCore, LLC is previously filed on August 21, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,112, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(74) | Code of Ethics of Clinton Retail Investment Management LLC previously filed on August 9, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 984, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
(p)(75) | Code of Ethics of GSA Capital Partners LLP previously filed on August 17, 2018 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,111, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
ITEM 29.
PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT.
None.
ITEM 30.
INDEMNIFICATION.
Article VIII, Section 2(a) of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that to the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of Trustees and officers are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act of 2002, the officers and Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any act or omission of: any agent or employee of the Trust; any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust; or with respect to each Trustee and officer, the act or omission of any other Trustee or officer, respectively. The Trust, out of the Trust Property, is required to indemnify and hold harmless each and every officer and Trustee from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever arising out of or related to such officer’s or Trustee’s performance of his or her duties as an officer or Trustee of the Trust. This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust whether or not such person is a Trustee or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted. Nothing contained in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust indemnifies, holds harmless or protects any officer or Trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
Article VIII, Section 2(b) provides that every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or document whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust, the officers or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in such Person’s capacity as Trustee and/or as officer, and such Trustee or officer, as applicable, shall not be personally liable therefore, except as described in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 2 of Article VIII.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions of Delaware law and the Agreement and Declaration of the Registrant or the By-Laws of the Registrant, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Northern Lights Distributors (NLD), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls NLD within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which NLD, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrant’s failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrant’s failure to provide NLD with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (Foreside), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls Foreside within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which Foreside, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrant’s failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrant’s failure to provide Foreside with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold ALPS Distributors, Inc. (ALPS), its several officers and directors, and any person who controls ALPS within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which ALPS, its officers and directors, or any such controlling persons, may incur under the Securities Act, the 1940 Act, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon: (i) any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact required to be stated in either any Registration Statement or any Prospectus, (ii) any omission, or alleged omission, to state a material fact required to be stated in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or necessary to make the statements in any of them not misleading, (iii) the Registrant’s failure to maintain an effective Registration statement and Prospectus with respect to Shares of the Funds that are the subject of the claim or demand, or (iv) the Registrant’s failure to provide ALPS with advertising or sales materials to be filed with the FINRA on a timely basis.
The Fund Accounting, Transfer Agency and Administration Service Agreements with Gemini Fund Services (GFS) provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify and hold GFS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to the Registrant’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement, or which arise out of the Registrant’s lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Registrant’s performance under or in connection with this Agreement.
The Consulting Agreement with Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS) provides that the Registrant agree to indemnify and hold NLCS harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, reasonable counsel fees, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to the Trust’s refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement, or which arise out of the Trust’s lack of good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Trust’s performance under or in connection with the Agreement. NLCS shall not be liable for, and shall be entitled to rely upon, and may act upon information, records and reports generated by the Trust, advice of the Trust, or of counsel for the Trust and upon statements of the Trust’s independent accountants, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such records and reports.
ITEM 31.
BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER.
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of each Advisor of each series of the Trust is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the respective Prospectus captioned “Investment Advisor” and to the section of the respective Statement of Additional Information captioned “Investment Advisory and Other Services.” The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of each Advisor is incorporated by reference to the Advisor’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Each Advisor’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov, and may be requested by File No. as follows:
Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to The Biondo Focus Fund- File No. 801 - 62775
Changing Parameters, LLC, the Adviser to Changing Parameters Fund -- File No. 801-63495
The Pacific Financial Group, LLC, the Adviser to RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® Tactical 0-30 Fund, RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 0-10 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 15-25 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Balanced 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Aggressive 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Equity 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Global 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG 30+ Fund, RiskPro® 30+ Fund and RiskPro® Aggressive 30+ Fund - File No. 801 - 18151
Wright Fund Management, LLC, the Adviser of Sierra Tactical All Asset Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Fund (formerly Sierra Strategic Income Fund) and Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund – File No. 801- 68554
Kerns Capital Management, Inc., the Adviser of the KCM Macro Trends Fund – File No. 801 – 57482
Equinox Fund Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Equinox MutualHedge Futures Strategy Fund – File No. 801- 67852
Toews Corporation, the Adviser of the Toews Tactical Oceana Fund, Toews Tactical Income Fund, Toews Tactical Monument Fund, Toews Tactical Opportunity Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund, Toews Tactical Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund, Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund, Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF – File No. 801- 47765
Leader Capital Corp., the Adviser of the Leader Short Duration Fund (formerly Leader Short Term Bond Fund), Leader Total Return Fund and Leader Floating Rate Fund – File No. 801- 56684
CMG Capital Management Group, Inc., the Adviser of the CMG Mauldin Core Fund, CMG Tactical Bond Fund and CMG Tactical All Asset Strategy Fund– File No. 801-43455
BTS Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund and BTS Managed Income Fund– File No.801-14895.
Astor Investment Management, LLC, Adviser of the Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund, Astor Sector Rotation Fund and Astor Macro Alternative Fund– File No. 801-60150.
Chadwick & D’Amato, LLC, the Adviser of Chadwick & D’Amato Fund – File No. 801-62604.
13D Management, LLC, the Adviser of 13D Activist Fund – File No. 801-71577.
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., the Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund, Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund and Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund – File No. 801- 71496.
W.E. Donoghue & Co., Inc., the Adviser of Power Income Fund, Power Dividend Index Fund, Power Momentum Fund, Power Floating Rate Index Fund, Power Dividend Mid-Cap Index Fund and Power Global Tactical Allocation/JAFlorines Fund – File No. 801-27959.
Portfolio Strategies, Inc., the Adviser of PSI All Asset Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth Fund and PSI Opportunistic Fund– File No. 801-18475.
Transwestern Capital Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund – File No. 801-67113.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., the Sub-Adviser of the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund – File No. 801-170.
Beech Hill Advisors, Inc., the Adviser of the Beech Hill Total Return Fund – File No. 801-31503.
Clark Capital Management Group Inc., the Adviser of the Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund, Navigator Sentry Managed Volatility Fund, Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund and Navigator Ultra Short Term Bond Fund– File No. 801-28445.
Dearborn Capital Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Grant Park Multi-Alternative Strategies Fund, Grant Park Absolute Return Fund and Grant Park Fixed Income Fund – File No. 801-72068.
Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of the Zeo Short Duration Income Fund and Zeo Sustainable Credit Fund– File No. 801-72287.
Ascendant Advisors, LLC, the Adviser of Patriot Balanced Fund, Ascendant Deep Value Convertibles Fund, Ascendant Tactical Yield and the Patriot Fund – File No. 801-72278.
DoubleLine Capital LP, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund – File 801-70942.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, the Co-Advisor of Eagle MLP Strategy Fund and Adviser to Princeton Futures Strategy Fund, Athena Value Fund, Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund, Princeton Premium Fund and Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund – File No. 801-72525.
Eagle Global Advisors, LLC, the Co-Advisor of Eagle MLP Strategy Fund – File No. 801-53294.
Deer Park Road Management, LP, Sub-Adviser of Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund – File No. 801-74577
Mauldin Solutions, LLC, Sub-Adviser of CMG Mauldin Solutions Core Fund – File No. 801-109018.
Probabilities Fund Management, LLC, the Adviser of the Probabilities Fund – File No.801-77947.
American Assets Investment Management, LLC (DBA AACA), the Sub-Adviser of Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund and Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund – File No. 801-65209
AthenaInvest Advisors LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Athena Value Fund – File No. 801-69258.
Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc., the Adviser of Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund and Ladenburg Income Fund – File No. 801-54909.
Middleton Dickinson Capital Management, LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Grant Park Fixed Income Fund – File No. 801-66187.
Horse Cove Partners LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Princeton Premium Fund – File No. 801-107577.
Centurion Investment Management, LLC, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund – File No. [to be filed by subsequent amendment].
GSA Capital Partners LLP, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund – File No. 801-65491.
Millburn RidgeField Corporation, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund – File No. 801-60938.
QMS Capital Management, LP, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund – File No. 801-79593.
Three Rock Capital Management, Limited, the Sub-Adviser of Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund – File No. [to be filed by subsequent amendment].
AlphaCore Capital, the Adviser of AlphaCore Statistical Arbitrage Fund – File No. 801-108468.
ITEM 32.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
(c) | Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (“NLD”), the principal underwriter to the Trust also acts as principal underwriter for the following: |
AdvisorOne Funds, Arrow DWA Tactical ETF, Arrow QVM Equity Factor ETF, Arrow Reserve Capital Management ETF, Arrow Dogs of the World ETF, Arrow DWA Country Rotation ETF, Arrow ETF Trust, Centerstone Investors Trust, Copeland Trust, Equinox Funds Trust, Forethought Variable Insurance Trust, Miller Investment Trust, Multi-Strategy Growth & Income Fund, Mutual Fund and Variable Insurance Trust, Mutual Fund Series Trust, Neiman Funds, Nile Capital Investment Trust, North Country Funds, Northern Lights Fund Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust II, Northern Lights Fund Trust III, Northern Lights Fund Trust IV, Northern Lights Variable Trust, OCM Mutual Fund, PREDEX, The Saratoga Advantage Trust, Tributary Funds, Inc., Two Roads Shared Trust and Vertical Capital Income Fund.
Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:
1. | ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund |
2. | Absolute Shares Trust |
3. | Active Weighting Funds ETF Trust |
4. | AdvisorShares Trust |
5. | AmericaFirst Quantitative Funds |
6. | American Century ETF Trust |
7. | ARK ETF Trust |
8. | Avenue Mutual Funds Trust |
9. | BP Capital TwinLine Energy Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios |
10. | BP Capital TwinLine MLP Fund, Series of Professionally Managed Portfolios |
11. | Braddock Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
12. | Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
13. | Brinker Capital Destinations Trust |
14. | Calvert Ultra-Short Duration Income NextShares, Series of Calvert Management Series |
15. | Center Coast MLP & Infrastructure Fund |
16. | Center Coast MLP Focus Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
17. | Context Capital Funds |
18. | CornerCap Group of Funds |
19. | Davis Fundamental ETF Trust |
20. | Direxion Shares ETF Trust |
21. | Eaton Vance NextShares Trust |
22. | Eaton Vance NextShares Trust II |
23. | EIP Investment Trust |
24. | Elkhorn ETF Trust |
25. | EntrepreneurShares Series Trust |
26. | Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund |
27. | Exchange Listed Funds Trust (f/k/a Exchange Traded Concepts Trust II) |
28. | FEG Absolute Access Fund I LLC |
29. | Fiera Capital Series Trust |
30. | FlexShares Trust |
31. | Forum Funds |
32. | Forum Funds II |
33. | FQF Trust |
34. | Friess Small Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series |
35. | GraniteShares ETF Trust |
36. | Guinness Atkinson Funds |
37. | Horizons ETF Trust I (f/k/a Recon Capital Series Trust) |
38. | Infinity Core Alternative Fund |
39. | Innovator IBD® 50 ETF, Series of Innovator ETFs Trust |
40. | Innovator IBD® ETF Leaders ETF, Series of Innovator ETFs Trust |
41. | Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
42. | Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
43. | John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust |
44. | Manor Investment Funds |
45. | Miller/Howard Funds Trust |
46. | Miller/Howard High Income Equity Fund |
47. | Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV |
48. | MProved Systematic Long-Short Fund, Series Portfolios Trust |
49. | Mproved Systematic Merger Arbitrage Fund, Series Portfolios Trust |
50. | Mproved Systematic Multi-Strategy Fund, Series Portfolios Trust |
51. | NYSE® Pickens Oil Response™ ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
52. | OSI ETF Trust |
53. | Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund |
54. | Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC |
55. | PENN Capital Funds Trust |
56. | Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
57. | Pine Grove Alternative Institutional Fund |
58. | Plan Investment Fund, Inc. |
59. | PMC Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
60. | Point Bridge GOP Stock Tracker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
61. | Quaker Investment Trust |
62. | Ranger Funds Investment Trust |
63. | Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds |
64. | RMB Investors Trust (f/k/a Burnham Investors Trust) |
65. | Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
66. | Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
67. | Salient MF Trust |
68. | SharesPost 100 Fund |
69. | Sound Shore Fund, Inc. |
70. | Steben Alternative Investment Funds |
71. | Steben Select Multi-Strategy Fund |
72. | Strategy Shares |
73. | The 504 Fund (f/k/a The Pennant 504 Fund) |
74. | The Chartwell Funds |
75. | The Community Development Fund |
76. | The Relative Value Fund |
77. | Third Avenue Trust |
78. | Third Avenue Variable Series Trust |
79. | TIFF Investment Program |
80. | Transamerica ETF Trust |
81. | U.S. Global Investors Funds |
82. | VictoryShares Developed Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
83. | VictoryShares Dividend Accelerator ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
84. | VictoryShares Emerging Market High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
85. | VictoryShares Emerging Market Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
86. | VictoryShares International High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
87. | VictoryShares International Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
88. | VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
89. | VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
90. | VictoryShares US Discovery Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
91. | VictoryShares US EQ Income Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
92. | VictoryShares US Large Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
93. | VictoryShares US Multi-Factor Minimum Volatility ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
94. | VictoryShares US Small Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
95. | VictoryShares US Small Cap Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
96. | Vivaldi Opportunities Fund |
97. | West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust (f/k/a Chilton Realty Income & Growth Fund) |
98. | Wintergreen Fund, Inc. |
99. | WisdomTree Trust |
100. | WST Investment Trust |
ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the 13D Activist Fund, a series of the Trust and the following investment companies: ALPS Series Trust, Arbitrage Funds, AQR Funds, Babson Capital Funds Trust, BBH Trust, BLDRS Index Funds Trust, BPV Family of Funds, Broadview Funds Trust, Brown Management Funds, Caldwell & Orkin Funds, Inc., Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust, Centaur Mutual Funds Trust, Century Capital Management Trust, Columbia ETF Trust, CornerCap Group of Funds, Cortina Funds, Inc., CRM Mutual Fund Trust, Cullen Funds, DBX ETF TRUST, db-X Exchange-Traded Funds Inc., Centre Funds, EGA Emerging Global Shares Trust, EGA Frontier Diversified Core Fund, Financial Investors Trust, Firsthand Funds, Heartland Group, Inc., Henssler Funds, Inc., Holland Balanced Fund, IndexIQ Trust, Index IQ ETF Trust, James Advantage Funds, Laudus Trust, Laudus Institutional Trust, Mairs & Power Funds Trust, Oak Associates Funds, Pax World Series Trust I, Pax World Funds Trust II, PowerShares QQQ 100 Trust Series 1, RiverNorth Funds, Russell Exchange Traded Funds Trust, SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust, SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust, Stadion Investment Trust, Stone Harbor Investment Funds, Transparent Value Trust, Wakefield Alternative Series Trust, Wasatch Funds, WesMark Funds, Westcore Trust, Whitebox Mutual Funds, Williams Capital Liquid Assets Fund, Wilmington Funds and WisdomTree Trust.
(b) NLD is registered with Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal business address of NLD is 17645 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130. NLD is an affiliate of Gemini Fund Services, LLC and is a subsidiary of The Ultimus Group, LLC and companies controlled by it. The following are the officers of NLD:
Name |
Positions and Offices with Underwriter |
Positions and Offices with the Fund |
|
Daniel Applegarth | Treasurer/ FINOP | None | |
Mike Nielsen | Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer | None | |
William J. Strait | President and General Counsel | None | |
Foreside Distribution Services, LP is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The following are the Officers of the Distributor:
Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant |
Richard J. Berthy | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | President, Treasurer and Manager | None |
Mark A. Fairbanks
|
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101
|
Vice President
|
None
|
Jennifer K. DiValerio
|
899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 | Vice President | None |
Nanette K. Chern | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Jennifer E. Hoopes | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None |
ALPS Distributors, Inc. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal address of ALPS is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203. The directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:
Name* | Position with Underwriter | Positions with Fund |
Edmund J. Burke | Director | None |
Jeremy O. May | President, Director | None |
Thomas A. Carter | Executive Vice President, Director | None |
Bradley J. Swenson | Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer | None |
Robert J. Szydlowski | Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer | None |
Eric Parsons | Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer | None |
Steven Price | Vice President, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer | None |
James Stegall | Vice President, Institutional Sales Manager | None |
Gary Ross | Vice President, Director of Sales | None |
Erin D. Nelson | Vice President, Assistant General Counsel | None |
JoEllen Legg | Vice President, Assistant General Counsel | None |
David T. Buhler | Vice President, Senior Associate Counsel | None |
Rhonda A. Mills | Vice President, Associate Counsel | None |
Jennifer T. Welsh | Vice President, Associate Counsel | None |
Paul F. Leone | Vice President, Associate Counsel | None |
Randall D. Young | Secretary | None |
Gregg Wm. Givens | Vice President, Treasurer and Asst. Secretary | None |
* The principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.
©
Not Applicable.
ITEM 33.
LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.
The following entities prepare, maintain and preserve the records required by Section 31 (a) of the 1940 Act for the Registrant. These services are provided to the Registrant for such periods prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act and such records are the property of the entity required to maintain and preserve such records and will be surrendered promptly on request.
Bank of New York Mellon (“BONY”), located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, provides custodian services to Changing Parameters Fund, Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund, Navigator Sentry Managed Volatility Fund, Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund, RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® Tactical 0-30 Fund, RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 0-10 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 15-25 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Balanced 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Aggressive 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Equity 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Global 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG 30+ Fund, RiskPro® 30+ Fund, RiskPro® Aggressive 30+ Fund and Navigator Ultra Short Term Bond Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BONY and the Trust.
First National Bank of Omaha (“FNBO”), located at 1620 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68197, provides custodian services to the Adaptive Allocation Fund, Sierra Tactical All Asset Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Fund and Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between FNBO and the Trust.
MUFG Union Bank, National Association, 400 California Street, San Francisco, California 94104 (“Union”), provides custodian services to the Biondo Focus Fund, Equinox MutualHedge Futures Strategy Fund, Princeton Premium Fund, Power Income Fund, Power Momentum Fund, PSI Market Neutral Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth, PSI Calendar Effects Fund, Chadwick & D’Amato Fund, TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund, 13D Activist Fund, Beech Hill Total Return Fund, Ascendant Balanced Fund, Ascendant Natural Resources Fund, Ascendant Deep Value Convertibles Fund, Patriot Fund, Eagle MLP Strategy Fund, BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund, Power Dividend Index Fund, Probabilities Fund, Astor Macro Alternative Fund, Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund, Astor Sector Rotation Fund, Athena Value Fund and Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund, Ladenburg Income Fund, Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund, AlphaCore Statistical Arbitrage Fund Power Floating Rate Index Fund, Power Dividend Mid-Cap Index Fund, BTS Managed Income Fund, Power Global Tactical Allocation/JAFlorines Fund, Zeo Short Duration Income Fund and Zeo Sustainable Credit Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Union and the Trust.
Fifth Third Bank (“Fifth Third”), 38 Fountain Square Plaza Cincinnati, Ohio 45263, provides custodian services to KCM Macro Trends Fund, Toews Tactical Oceana Fund, Toews Tactical Income Fund, Toews Tactical Monument Fund, Toews Tactical Opportunity Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund, Toews Tactical Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund, Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund, Leader Short Duration Fund, Leader Total Return Fund, Leader Floating Rate Fund, Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Fifth Third and the Trust.
JPMorgan Chase Bank (“JPMorgan”), 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, provides custodian services to Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund, Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund, Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund and Altegris/AACA Opportunistic Real Estate Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between JPMorgan and the Trust.
U.S. Bank, National Association (“US Bank”), 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Milwaukee, WI MK-WI-S302, provides custodian services to Equinox MutualHedge Futures Strategy Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between US Bank and the Trust.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (“BBH”), 50 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, provides custodian and transfer agency services to Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BBH and the Trust.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“GFS”), located at 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, provides transfer agent and dividend disbursing services pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreements between GFS and the Trust. In such capacities, GFS provides pricing for each Fund’s portfolio securities, keeps records regarding securities and other assets in custody and in transfer, bank statements, canceled checks, financial books and records, and keeps records of each shareholder’s account and all disbursement made to shareholders. GFS also maintains all records required pursuant to Administrative Service Agreements with the Trust.
NLD, located at 17645 Wright Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68130, serves as principal underwriter for all series of Northern Lights Fund Trust, except Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, Leader Total Return Fund and 13D Activist Fund, TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund, Leader Global Bond Fund and Princeton Futures Strategy Fund. NLD maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to each Fund’s Distribution Plan and Agreement adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
Foreside Distribution Services, LP, located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101, serves as principal underwriter for Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, Leader Total Return Fund, Leader Global Bond Fund and Princeton Futures Strategy Fund and maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to the Fund’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreements adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
ALPS Distribution Services, Inc., located at 1209 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, CO 80203, serves as principal underwriter for 13D Activist Fund and maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to the Fund’s Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreements adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
Critical Math Advisors LLC, located at 29 Emmons Drive, Suite A-20, Princeton, NJ 08540, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Adaptive Allocation Fund.
Biondo Investment Advisors, LLC, located at 544 Routes 6 & 209, PO Box 909, Milford, Pennsylvania 18337, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Biondo Focus Fund.
Changing Parameters, LLC, located at 250 Oak Grove Avenue, Suite A, Menlo Park, California 94025, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Changing Parameters Fund.
The Pacific Financial Group, LLC, located at 10900 NE 8th Street, Suite 1523, Bellevue, WA 98004, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® Tactical 0-30 Fund, RiskPro® Alternative 0-15 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 0-10 Fund, RiskPro® Dynamic 15-25 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Balanced 20-30 Fund, RiskPro® PFG Aggressive 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Equity 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG Global 30+ Fund, RiskPro® PFG 30+ Fund, RiskPro® 30+ Fund and RiskPro® Aggressive 30+ Fund.
Wright Fund Management, LLC, located at 3420 Ocean Park Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90405, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Sierra Tactical All Asset Fund, Sierra Tactical Core Fund and Sierra Tactical Municipal Fund.
Kerns Capital Management, Inc., located at Galleria Financial Center, 5075 Westheimer Road, Suite 1177, Houston, Texas 77056, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the KCM Macro Trends Fund.
Equinox Fund Management, LLC, 1660 Lincoln Street, Suite 100, Denver, CO 80264, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Equinox MutualHedge Managed Futures Fund.
Toews Corporation, Cornerstone Commerce Center, 1201 New Road, Suite 111, Linwood, NJ 08221, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Toews Tactical Oceana Fund, Toews Tactical Income Fund, Toews Tactical Monument Fund, Toews Tactical Opportunity Fund, Toews Hedged Commodities Fund, Toews Tactical Growth Allocation Fund, Toews Unconstrained Income Fund, Toews Tactical Defensive Alpha Fund, Agility Shares Dynamic Tactical Income ETF and Agility Shares Managed Risk Equity ETF.
Leader Capital Corp., 121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425, Portland, OR 97204, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, Leader Total Return Fund and Leader Floating Rate Fund.
CMG Capital Management Group, LLC, 1000 Continental Drive, Suite 570, King of Prussia, PA 19406, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the CMG Tactical Bond Fund, CMG Mauldin Solutions Core Fund and CMG Tactical All Asset Strategy Fund.
Traub Capital Management, LLC 97 Chapel Street 3rd Floor, Needham, MA 02492, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The FX Strategy Fund.
BTS Asset Management, Inc. located at 420 Bedford Street, Suite 340, Lexington, MA 02420, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the BTS Tactical Fixed Income Fund and BTS Managed Income Fund.
Astor Investment Management LLC., located at 111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 3950, Chicago, IL 60606, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Astor Dynamic Allocation Fund, Astor Sector Allocation Fund and Astor Macro Alternative Fund.
Princeton Fund Advisors, LLC, 1125 17th Street, Suite 1400, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to certain Investment Advisory Agreements with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund, Athena Value Fund, Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund, Princeton Premium Fund and Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund.
Chadwick & D’Amato, LLC, 224 Main Street, PO Box 1978, New London, NH 03257, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Chadwick & D’Amato Fund.
13D Management, LLC, 200 East 61 Street, Suite 17C, New York, NY 10065, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the 13D Activist Fund.
Altegris Advisors, L.L.C., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 400, La Jolla, CA 92037, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund, Altegris Multi-Strategy Alternative Fund, Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund and Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund.
W. E. Donoghue & Inc., 629 Washington Street, Norwood, MA 02062 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Power Income Fund, Power Dividend Index Fund, Power Momentum Fund, Power Floating Rate Index Fund, Power Dividend Mid-Cap Index Fund and Power Global Tactical Allocation/JAFlorines Fund.
Portfolio Strategies, Inc., 1724 W Union Avenue, Suite 200, Tacoma, WA 98405 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the PSI All Asset Fund, PSI Total Return Fund, PSI Strategic Growth Fund, PSI Tactical Growth Fund and PSI Opportunistic Fund.
TransWestern Capital Advisors, LLC, 1743 Wazee Street, Suite 250, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust and as the distributor for such fund, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement and Master Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Agreement adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act with respect to the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund.
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111, pursuant to a Sub- Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the TransWestern Institutional Short Duration Government Bond Fund.
Beech Hill Advisors, Inc., 880 third Ave., 16th Floor, New York, NY 10022 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Beech Hill Total Return Fund.
Clark Capital Management Group, Inc., 1650 Market Street, 53rd Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Navigator Equity Hedged Fund, Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund, Navigator Sentry Managed Volatility Fund and Navigator Tactical Fixed Income Fund.
Main Point Advisers, Inc. One Liberty Place, 1650 Market Street, 53rd Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Navigator Duration Neutral Bond Fund.
Dearborn Capital Management, LLC, 626 W. Jackson Street, Chicago, IL 60661 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Grant Park Multi-Alternative Strategies Fund, Grant Park Absolute Return Fund and Grant Park Fixed Income Fund
Zeo Capital Advisors, LLC, 555 California Street, Suite 5180 San Francisco, CA 94104, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Zeo Short Duration Income Fund and Zeo Sustainable Credit Fund.
Ascendant Advisors, LLC, Four Oaks Place, 1330 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 1550, Houston, TX, 77056, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Patriot Balanced Fund, Ascendant Deep Value Convertibles Fund, Ascendant Tactical Yield Fund and the Patriot Fund.
J.P. Morgan Investment Management, Inc., 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10036, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
DoubleLine Capital LP, 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, CA 90071, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Futures Evolution Strategy Fund.
Eagle Global Advisors, LLC, 5847 San Felipe, Suite 930, Houston TX 77057, pursuant to a Co-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Eagle MLP Strategy Fund.
Deer Park Road Management, LP, 1865 Ski Time Square, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 pursuant to certain Sub-Advisory Agreements, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Deer Park Total Return Credit Fund.
Probabilities Fund Management, LLC, 1665 Union Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA 92101, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Probabilities Fund.
American Assets Investment Management, LLC (dba AACA), 11455 El Camino Real, Suite 140, San Diego, CA 92130, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris/AACA Real Estate Long Short Fund.
AthenaInvest Advisors LLC 5340 S. Quebec Street, Suite 365-N, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Athena Value Fund.
Ladenburg Thalmann Asset Management, Inc. 507 Lexington Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10022, pursuant to an Advisory Agreement, will maintain all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Ladenburg Aggressive Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth Fund, Ladenburg Growth & Income Fund, Ladenburg Income & Growth Fund and Ladenburg Income Fund.
Revolution Capital Management, LLC 1400 16th Street, Suite 510, Denver, CO 80202, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Grant Park Absolute Return Fund.
Middleton Dickinson Capital Management, LLC 200 South Third Street, Geneva, IL 60134, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Grant Park Fixed Income Fund.
Horse Cove Partners LLC, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Suite 120, Atlanta, GA 30339, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Princeton Premium Fund.
AlphaCore Capital, 875 Prospect Street, LaJolla, California 92037, pursuant to an Advisory Agreement, will maintain all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the AlphaCore Statistical Arbitrage Fund.
Centurion Investment Management, LLC, 141 Union Blvd, Suite 350, Lakewood, CO 80228, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
GSA Capital Partners LLP, Stratton House, 5 Stratton Street, London W1J8LA, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Altegris GSA Trend Strategy Fund.
Millburn Corporation, 411 West Putnam Avenue, Suite 305, Greenwich, CT 06830, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
QMS Capital Management, LP, 240 Leigh Farm Road, Suite 230, Durham, NC 27707, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
Three Rock Capital Management, Limited, 149 Francis Street, Dublin 8, Ireland, pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Agreement, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Altegris Managed Futures Strategy Fund.
ITEM 34.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 35.
UNDERTAKINGS.
One or more of the Registrant’s series may invest up to 25% of its respective total assets in a wholly-owned and controlled subsidiary (each a “Subsidiary” and collectively the “Subsidiaries”). Each Subsidiary will operate under the supervision of the Registrant. The Registrant hereby undertakes that the Subsidiaries will submit to inspection by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1,174 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized in the City of Hauppauge, State of New York on the 28th of February 2019.
NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST
(Registrant)
By:/s/ Kevin Wolf
Kevin Wolf*,
President and Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to the Securities Act, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Northern Lights Fund Trust
John V. Palancia* | Trustee | February 28, 2019 |
Gary Lanzen* | Trustee | February 28, 2019 |
Anthony Hertl* | Trustee & Chairman | February 28, 2019 |
Mark Taylor* | Trustee | February 28, 2019 |
Mark D. Gersten* | Trustee | February 28, 2019 |
Mark Garbin* | Trustee | February 28, 2019 |
Jim Colantino* | Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer | February 28, 2019 |
Kevin Wolf
|
President and Principal Executive Officer | February 28, 2019 |
By: Date:
/s/ Kevin Wolf February 28, 2019
Kevin Wolf, President
*Attorney-in-Fact – Pursuant to Powers of Attorney previously filed on April 1, 2011, January 9, 2012, September 27, 2013, September 1, 2016, June 30, 2017 and September 1, 2017 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement in Post-Effective Amendment No. 234, No. 346, No. 535, No. 862, No. 981 and No. 1,001 respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference.