75,000,000 Shares 

Crown Electrokinetics Corp.

This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, by Keystone Capital Partners, LLC (“Keystone Capital Partners” or the “Selling Stockholder”) of up to 75,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”).

The shares of common stock to which this prospectus relates consist of shares that have been or may be issued to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to a common stock purchase agreement between us and the Selling Stockholder dated July 20, 2023 (the “Purchase Agreement”). On July 20, 2023, we committed to issue 1,310,429 shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase our common stock under the Purchase Agreement upon effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholder. However, we may receive proceeds of up to an additional $50,000,000 from the sale of the shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, from time to time in our discretion after the date the registration statement that includes this prospectus is declared effective and after satisfaction of other conditions in the Purchase Agreement.

The Selling Stockholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. The Selling Stockholder may sell the shares of common stock described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See “Plan of Distribution” for more information about how the Selling Stockholder may sell the shares of common stock being registered pursuant to this prospectus.

We will pay the expenses of registering the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, but all selling and other expenses incurred by the Selling Stockholder will be paid by the Selling Stockholder. The Selling Stockholder may sell our shares of common stock offered by this prospectus from time to time on terms to be determined at the time of sale through ordinary brokerage transactions or through any other means described in this prospectus under “Plan of Distribution.” The prices at which the Selling Stockholder may sell shares will be determined by the prevailing market price for our common stock or in negotiated transactions.

Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “CRKN.” On July 31, 2023, the last reported sale price for our common stock on Nasdaq was $0.07.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 15 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is August 7, 2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You should read this prospectus and the information and documents incorporated herein by reference carefully. Such documents contain important information you should consider when making your investment decision. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” in this prospectus.

You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Neither we nor the selling stockholder named herein (the “Selling Stockholder”) have authorized anyone to provide you with information different from, or in addition to, that contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus is current only as of their respective dates or on the date or dates that are specified in those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

The Selling Stockholder is not offering to sell or seeking offers to purchase these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the jurisdiction of the United States who come into possession of this prospectus are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this Offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.

If required, each time the Selling Stockholder offers shares of common stock, we will provide you with, in addition to this prospectus, a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize the Selling Stockholder to use one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to that offering. We may also use a prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus to add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. This prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplements, any related free writing prospectuses and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, includes all material information relating to this offering. To the extent that any statement that we make in a prospectus supplement is inconsistent with statements made in this prospectus, the statements made in this prospectus will be deemed modified or superseded by those made in a prospectus supplement. Please carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described below under the section entitled “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” before buying any of the securities offered.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Crown,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Crown Electrokinetics Corp.

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate is based on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources (including industry publications, surveys and forecasts), and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on assumptions made by us upon reviewing such data and our knowledge of such industry and markets, which we believe to be reasonable. Although we believe the data from these third-party sources is reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of the future performance of the industry in which we operate and our future performance are necessarily subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

When used in this prospectus, including the documents that we have incorporated by reference, in future filings with the SEC or in press releases or other written or oral communications, statements which are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). In particular, statements pertaining to our trends, liquidity and capital resources, among others, contain forward-looking statements. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the following:

These statements are necessarily subjective, are based upon our current plans, intentions, objectives, goals, strategies, beliefs, projections and expectations, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements described in or implied by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from expected results described in our forward-looking statements, including with respect to correct measurement and identification of factors affecting our business or the extent of their likely impact, the accuracy and completeness of the publicly-available information with respect to the factors upon which our business strategy is based, or the success of our business.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether, or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and management’s belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause actual results, our performance or achievements, or industry results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in this prospectus as well as other risks and factors identified from time to time in our SEC filings.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a number of risks. Before deciding to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risks described below and discussed under the section captioned “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the information and documents incorporated by reference herein, and in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with an offering. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks described below and in the document referenced above are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business.

Risks Related to this Offering

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the Selling Stockholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

On July 20, 2023, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Keystone Capital Partners, LLC, pursuant to which the Selling Stockholder has committed to purchase up to $50,000,000 in shares of our common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The shares of our common stock that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to the Selling Stockholder at our discretion from time to time over a 24-month period commencing on the Commencement Date.

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our common stock, if any, to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or no additional amount of the shares of our common stock that may be available for us to sell to Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to them under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that the Selling Stockholder will pay for shares purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any.

Moreover, although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $50,000,000 of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder, we are registering 75,000,000 shares of our common stock, which exceeds the 16,552,304 shares of our Common Stock representing the maximum number of shares we may issue and sell under the Purchase Agreement (the “Exchange Cap Limitation”), for resale under this prospectus. The Exchange Cap Limitation includes the 1,310,429 Initial Commitment Shares we have committed to issue, as well as up to 5,244,994 Additional Commitment Shares issuable upon the earlier of (i) thirty (30) days following the closing of the Company’s first public offering of common stock or common stock equivalents following the date of the Purchase Agreement and (ii) October 16, 2023. If after the Commencement Date, we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder all of the 68,444,577 remaining shares of common stock being registered for resale under this prospectus that are available for sale by us to the Selling Stockholder in Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the market prices of our common stock for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of the shares may be substantially less than the $50,000,000 Total Commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more shares than the Exchange Cap Limitation shares being registered for resale under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the Total Commitment of $50,000,000 under the Purchase Agreement, we must first (i) obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, unless the average per share purchase price paid by the Selling Stockholder for all shares of Common Stock sold under the Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $0.0839, in which case the Exchange Cap Limitation will not apply under applicable Nasdaq rules, and (ii) file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of any such additional shares of our common stock over the 75,000,000 shares registered in this Registration Statement that we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

Any issuance and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of common stock in addition to the 75,000,000 shares of our common stock being registered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares of our common stock ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Stockholder is dependent upon the number of shares of common stock, if any, we ultimately sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to the Selling Stockholder. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this Offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this Offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this Offering.

We may require additional financing to sustain our operations and without it we may not be able to continue operations.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, we may, at our discretion, direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase up to $50,000,000 of shares of our common stock under the Purchase Agreement from time-to-time over a 24-month period beginning on the Commencement Date. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $50,000,000 of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder and we are registering 75,000,000 shares of our Common Stock, only 9,996,881 shares of our common stock is available under the Exchange Cap (representing the remaining maximum number of shares we may issue and sell under the Purchase Agreement under the Exchange Cap Limitation less 1,310,429 Initial Commitment Shares, as well as up to 5,244,994 Additional Commitment Shares issuable at the earlier of (i) the date that is thirty (30) days following the closing of the Company’s first public offering of common stock or common stock equivalents and (ii) or October 16, 2023). The purchase price per share for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any. Accordingly, it is not currently possible to predict the number of shares that will be sold to the Selling Stockholder, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for those shares, if any, or the actual gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales.

Assuming a purchase price of $0.07 per share (which represents the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on July 31, 2023), the purchase by the Selling Stockholder of all of the remaining 9,996,881 shares available under the Exchange Cap Limitation from and after the Commencement Date would result in aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $699,782 which is substantially less than the $50,000,000 Total Commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. After deducting our fees and expenses, the aggregate net proceeds to us from all of such purchases by the Selling Stockholder would be approximately $694,782.

Accordingly, in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $50,000,000 Total Commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement, we would need to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more than the Exchange Cap Limitation, which would require us to first (i) obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, unless the average per share purchase price paid by the Selling Stockholder for all shares of common stock sold under the Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $0.0839, in which case the Exchange Cap Limitation will not apply under applicable Nasdaq rules, and (ii) may have to file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder any such additional shares of our common stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

The extent to which we rely on the Selling Stockholder as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors including, the prevailing market price of our common stock and the extent to which we are able to secure working and other capital from other sources. If obtaining sufficient funding from the Selling Stockholder were to prove unavailable or prohibitively dilutive, we may need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working and other capital needs. Even if we were to sell to the Selling Stockholder all of the shares of common stock available for sale to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, we may still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences may be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder may cause substantial dilution to our existing stockholders, the sale of the shares of our common stock acquired by the Selling Stockholder could cause the price of our common stock to decline, and the actual number of shares we will issue under the Purchase Agreement, at any one time or in total, is uncertain.

This registration statement relates to an aggregate amount of up to $50,000,000 of shares of our common stock that we may sell to the Selling Stockholder from time to time prior to the 24-month anniversary of the Commencement Date. The number of shares ultimately offered for sale to the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus supplement is dependent upon the number of shares we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. See “Committed Equity Financing” for more information about our obligations under the Purchase Agreement.

Depending upon market liquidity at the time, sales of shares of our common stock under the Purchase Agreement may cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. After the Selling Stockholder has acquired shares under the Purchase Agreement, it may sell all, some or none of those shares. Sales to the Selling Stockholder by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement under this prospectus supplement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder in this offering, or anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. However, we have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares to the Selling Stockholder (other than the mandatory purchase notice described above that we are obligated to issue), and the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion without penalty.

The extent to which we rely on the Selling Stockholder as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors, including the prevailing market price of our common stock and the extent to which we are able to secure working capital from other sources. The aggregate number of shares that we can sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement may in no case exceed the Exchange Cap Limitation of 16,552,304 shares of our common stock (which is equal to approximately 19.99% of the common stock outstanding on July 20, 2023) unless the average per share purchase price paid by the Selling Stockholder for all shares of Common Stock sold under the Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $0.0839 or we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules,.

Future sales and issuances of our common stock or other securities might result in significant dilution and could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

To raise capital, we may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions other than those contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. We may sell shares or other securities in another offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.

We cannot predict what effect, if any, sales of shares of our common stock in the public market or the availability of shares for sale will have on the market price of our common stock. However, future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and convertible preferred shares, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from the Offering, and uses may not improve our financial condition or market value.

Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from the Offering to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of such net proceeds and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated hereby. Our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not improve our financial condition or market value.

Risks Related to Financial Performance or General Economic Conditions

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from a small number of customers, and the loss of one or more of these customers could adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, and liquidity. 

Our customer base is highly concentrated. Our industry is highly competitive and the revenue we expect from an existing customer in any market could fail to be realized if competitors who offer comparable services to our customers do so on more favorable terms or have a better relationship with a customer. Additionally, the continued consolidation of the telecommunications industry could result in the loss of a customer if, as a result of a merger or acquisition involving one or more of our customers, the surviving entity chooses to use one of our competitors for the services we currently provide.

The capital and operating expenditure budgets and seasonal spending patterns of our customers affect demand for our services. 

Generally, our customers have no obligation to assign specific amounts of work to us. Customers decide to engage us to provide services based on, among other things, the amount of capital they have available and their spending priorities. Our customers’ capital budgets may change for reasons over which we have no control. These changes may occur quickly and without advance notice. Any fluctuation in the capital or operating expenditure budgets and priorities of our customers could adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, and liquidity. 

Seasonality and adverse weather conditions affect demand for our services. 

Our contract revenues and results of operations exhibit seasonality and are impacted by adverse weather changes as we perform a significant portion of our work outdoors. Consequently, adverse weather, which is more likely to occur with greater frequency, severity, and duration during the winter, as well as reduced daylight hours, impact our operations during the fiscal quarters ending in January and April. Additionally, extreme weather conditions such as major or extended winter storms, droughts and tornados, and natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tropical storms, whether as a result of climate change or otherwise, could also impact the demand for our services, or impact our ability to perform our services.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from multi-year master service agreements and other long-term contracts which our customers may cancel at any time or may reschedule or modify previously assigned work. 

The majority of our long-term contracts are cancellable by our customers with little or no advance notice and for any, or no, reason. Our customers may also have the right to cancel or remove assigned work without canceling the contract or to reschedule or modify previously assigned work. In addition, these contracts typically include a fixed term that is subject to renewal or rebid on a periodic basis. We may be unsuccessful in securing contracts when their fixed terms expire. Our projected revenues assume that definitive work orders have been, or will be, issued by our customer, and that the work will be completed. The potential loss of work under master service agreements and other long-term contracts, or the rescheduling or modification of previously assigned work by a customer, could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows, and liquidity, as well as any projections we provide.

Our contracts contain provisions that may require us to pay damages or incur costs if we fail to meet our contractual obligations.

If we do not meet our contractual obligations our customers may look to us to pay damages or pursue other remedies, including, in some instances, the payment of liquidated damages. Additionally, if we fail to meet our contractual obligations, or if our customer anticipates that we cannot meet our contractual obligations, our customers may, in certain circumstances, seek reimbursement from us to cover the incremental cost of having a third party complete or remediate our work. Our results of operations could be adversely affected if we are required to pay damages or incur costs as a result of a failure to meet our contractual obligations. 

Generally, our customers are not contractually committed to procure specific volumes of services. Contract revenue estimates reflected in our backlog can be subject to change due to a number of factors, including contract cancellations or changes in the amount of work we expect to be performed. In addition, contract revenues reflected in our backlog may be realized in different periods from those previously anticipated due to these factors as well as project accelerations or delays due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, changes in customer spending priorities, project cancellations, regulatory interruptions, scheduling changes, commercial issues, such as permitting, engineering revisions, job site conditions and adverse weather. The amount or timing of our backlog can also be impacted by the merger or acquisition activity of our customers. Our estimates of our customers’ requirements during a future period may prove to be inaccurate. As a result, our backlog as of any particular date is an uncertain estimate of the amount of, and timing of, future revenues and earnings.

Our profitability is based on delivering services within the estimated costs established when we price our contracts. 

A significant portion of our services are provided under contracts that have discrete pricing for individual tasks. Due to the fixed price nature of the tasks, our profitability could decline if our actual cost to complete each task exceeds our original estimates, as pricing under these contracts is determined based on estimated costs established when we enter into the contracts. A variety of factors could negatively impact the actual cost we incur in performing our work, such as changes made by our customers to the scope and extent of the services that we are to provide under a contract, delays resulting from weather and the COVID-19 pandemic, conditions at work sites differing materially from those anticipated at the time we bid on the contract, higher than expected costs of materials and labor, delays in obtaining necessary permits, under absorbed costs, and lower than anticipated productivity. An increase in costs due to any of these factors, or for other reasons, could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our business is labor-intensive, and we may be unable to attract, retain and ensure the productivity of qualified employees or to pass increased labor and training costs to our customers.

We are highly dependent upon our ability to employ, train, retain, and ensure the productivity of the skilled personnel needed to operate our business. Given the highly specialized work we perform, many of our employees receive training in, and possess, specialized technical skills that are necessary to operate our business and maintain productivity and profitability. We cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain and ensure the productivity of the skilled labor force necessary to operate our business. Our ability to do so depends on a number of factors, such as the general rate of employment, competition for employees possessing the skills we need, the general health and welfare of our employees and the level of compensation required to hire, train and retain qualified employees. In addition, the uncertainty of contract awards and project delays can also present difficulties in appropriately sizing our skilled labor force. Furthermore, due to the fixed price nature of the tasks in our contracts, we may be unable to pass increases in labor and training costs on to our customers. If we are unable to attract or retain qualified employees or incur additional labor and training costs, our results of operations could be adversely affected. 

We may be unable to secure subcontractors to fulfill our obligations, or our subcontractors may fail to satisfy their obligations to us, either of which may adversely affect our relationships with our customers or cause us to incur additional costs. 

We contract with subcontractors to manage fluctuations in work volumes and reduce the amounts that we would otherwise expend on fixed assets and working capital. If we are unable to secure qualified subcontractors who can provide adequate labor resources at a reasonable cost, we may be delayed or unable to complete our work under a contract on a timely basis. In addition, we may have disputes with these subcontractors arising from, among other things, the quality and timeliness of the work they have performed. We may incur additional costs to correct such shortfalls in the work performed by subcontractors. Any of these factors could negatively impact the quality of our service, our ability to perform under certain customer contracts, and our relationships with our customers, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Changes in fuel prices may increase our costs, and we may not be able to pass along increased fuel costs to our customers. 

Fuel prices fluctuate based on events outside of our control. Most of our services are provided under contracts that have discrete pricing for individual tasks and do not allow us to adjust our pricing for higher fuel costs during a contract term. In addition, we may be unable to secure prices that reflect rising costs when renewing or bidding contracts. To the extent we enter into hedge transactions in conjunction with our anticipated fuel purchases, declines in fuel prices below the levels established in the hedges we have in place may require us to make payments to our hedge counterparties. As a result, changes in fuel prices may adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Related to the Operation of Our Business 

Our operations involve activities that are often inherently dangerous and are performed at times in complex or sensitive environments. If our activities result in, or if it is alleged that our activities have resulted in, damage or destruction to the real or personal property of others, or in injury or death to others, we could be exposed to significant financial losses and reputational harm, as well as civil and criminal liabilities. 

Our operations involve dangerous activities such as underground drilling and the use of mechanized equipment. These activities and their effects could result in, or be alleged to have resulted in, damage to the real and personal property of others, and cause personal injury or death to third parties or our employees. In many instances, our activities are performed in close proximity to other utilities which, if damaged, may result in the occurrence of catastrophic events. Additionally, we may perform our activities in environmentally sensitive locations or in locations that may be susceptible to catastrophic events, including wildfires. If our activities cause or contribute to, or are alleged to have caused or contributed to, a catastrophic event, we could be exposed to severe financial losses and reputational harm. We procure insurance coverage to cover many of these risks; however, there can be no assurance that these coverages will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that they are adequate in scope or amount to address financial losses from these risks. As a result, we could incur significant costs to defend any such allegations, defend and indemnify our customers, repair and replace assets, or to compensate third parties; reputational harm could result in the loss of future revenue-generating opportunities; or we may be subject to civil and, in certain situations, criminal liabilities.

Risks Related to Laws and Regulations 

Our failure to comply with occupational health and workplace safety requirements could result in significant liabilities or enforcement actions and adversely impact our ability to perform services for our customers. 

Our operations are subject to strict laws and regulations governing workplace safety. Our workers frequently operate heavy machinery, work on and in the vicinity of electrical and gas lines, perform their work at heights, and engage in other potentially dangerous activities which could subject them and others to injury or death. If, in the course of our operations, it is determined we have violated safety regulations, our operations may be disrupted and we may be subject to penalties, fines or, in extreme cases, criminal sanctions. In addition, if our safety performance were to deteriorate, customers could decide to cancel our contracts or not award us future business. These factors could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. 

Our failure to comply with environmental laws could result in significant liabilities.

A significant portion of the work we perform is associated with the underground networks of our customers and we often operate in close proximity to pipelines, sewer lines, or underground storage tanks that may contain hazardous substances. We could be subject to liabilities in the event that we fail to comply with environmental laws or regulations or if we cause or are responsible for the release of hazardous substances or other environmental damages. These liabilities could result in significant costs including remediation costs, fines, third-party claims for property damage, or personal injury, and, in extreme cases, criminal sanctions. These costs, as well as any direct impact to ongoing operations, could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. In addition, new laws and regulations, altered enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or leaks, or the imposition of new remediation requirements could require us to incur significant costs or create new or increased liabilities that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. 

Risks Related to Our Ability to Grow Our Business

We may not have access in the future to sufficient capital on favorable terms or at all. We may require additional capital to pursue acquisitions, fund capital expenditures, for working capital needs, or to respond to changing business conditions. 

Our existing debt agreements include restrictions on our ability to incur additional debt at certain levels. In addition, if we seek to incur more debt, we may be required to agree to additional covenants that further limit our operational and financial flexibility. If we pursue additional debt or equity financings, we cannot be certain that such funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Our inability to access additional capital could adversely affect our liquidity and may limit our growth and ability to execute our business strategy.

The specialty contracting services industry in which we operate is highly competitive. 

We compete with other specialty contractors, including numerous local and regional providers, as well as several large corporations that may have financial, technical, and marketing resources exceeding ours. Relatively few barriers to entry exist in the markets in which we operate. Any organization may become a competitor if it has adequate financial resources and access to technical expertise, the ability to engage subcontractors, and the necessary equipment and materials. Additionally, our competitors may develop expertise, experience, and resources to provide services that are equal or superior to our services in price, quality, or availability, and we may be unable to maintain or enhance our competitive position. Furthermore, our customers generally require competitive bidding of our contracts upon the expiration of their terms. If competitors underbid us to procure business, we could be required to lower the prices we charge in order to retain contracts. Our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected if our customers shift a significant portion of our work to a competitor, if we are unsuccessful in bidding or retaining projects, or if our ability to win projects requires us to provide our services at reduced margins.

We face competition from the in-house service organizations of our customers. 

We face competition from the in-house service organizations of our customers whose personnel perform the services that we provide. We can offer no assurance that our existing or prospective customers will continue to outsource specialty contracting services in the future. Our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected if our existing or prospective customers reduce the specialty contracting services that are outsourced to us. 

COMMITTED EQUITY FINANCING

General

On July 20, 2023, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement with Keystone Capital Partners. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to a Total Commitment of $50,000,000 in shares of our Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the SEC to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of shares of common stock that we have issued and may issue to Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

We do not have further right to commence any sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement until the Commencement, which is the time when all of the conditions to our right to commence sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder set forth in the Purchase Agreement have been satisfied, including that the registration statement that includes this prospectus is declared effective by the SEC and the final form of this prospectus is filed with the SEC. From and after the Commencement, we will control the timing and amount of any sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder. Actual sales of shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our company and our operations.

The purchase price per share of the shares of common stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to a Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be equal to ninety-seven percent (97.0%) of the lower of (i) the lowest intraday sale price of the common stock on the Company’s current trading market on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices during the ten (10) trading days immediately preceding the applicable purchase date. There is no upper limit on the price per share that the Selling Stockholder could be obligated to pay for the common stock under the Purchase Agreement.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event may we issue to Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more than the Exchange Cap of 16,552,304 shares of our common stock (including the Commitment Shares), unless we obtain stockholder approval to do so, or unless sales of common stock are made at a price equal to or greater than $0.0839 per share, such that the Exchange Cap limitation would not apply under applicable Nasdaq rules. In any event, the Purchase Agreement specifically provides that we may not issue or sell any shares of our common stock under the Purchase Agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable Nasdaq rules.

The Purchase Agreement also prohibits us from directing the Selling Stockholder to purchase any shares of our common stock if those shares, when aggregated with all other shares of our Common Stock then beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), including the Commitment Shares, would result in the Selling Stockholder beneficially owning more than the Beneficial Ownership Cap of 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock, as of the date of this prospectus it is not possible for us to predict the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for those shares, or the actual gross proceeds to be raised by us from those sales, if any. As of July 31, 2023, there were 90,140,936 shares of our common stock outstanding, of which 88,911,488 shares were held by non-affiliates, which include the 1,310,429 Initial Commitment Shares we have committed to issue to the Selling Stockholder upon effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus, but excludes 5,244,994 shares of our common stock reserved for additional commitment fees and the 68,444,577 remaining shares of the 75,000,000 shares of common stock registered we may, in our sole discretion, sell to the Selling Stockholder from time to time from and after the Commencement Date pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If all of the shares offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2023, such shares would represent approximately 45.4% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding and approximately 45.8% of the total number of outstanding shares held by non-affiliates, in each case as of July 31, 2023.

The net proceeds from sales, if any, under the Purchase Agreement, will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder. To the extent the Company sells shares under the Purchase Agreement, the Company currently plans to use any proceeds therefrom for costs of this transaction, for working capital, strategic and other general corporate purposes.

The issuance of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted. Although the number of shares of our common stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares of our common stock owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares of our common stock after any such issuance.

As consideration for the Selling Stockholder’s irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of common stock upon the terms of and subject to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue to the Selling Stockholder 1,310,429 shares of common stock upon effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus (the “Initial Commitment Shares”). In addition, as consideration for the Selling Stockholder’s irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of common stock upon the terms of and subject to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue up to a maximum of 5,244,994 shares of our common stock at the earlier of (i) the date that is thirty (30) days following the closing of the Company’s first public offering of common stock or common stock equivalents and (ii) October 16, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the Selling Stockholder for the fees and expenses of its counsel, up to a maximum of $5,000.

The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements were made only for purposes of such agreements and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.

Neither the Company nor the Selling Stockholder may assign or transfer its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by the parties.

Purchase of Shares by Keystone Capital Partners, LLC

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period from and after the Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase up to a maximum amount of shares of common stock based on a percentage of total volume on the purchase at the applicable purchase price per share to be calculated on the trading day the Selling Stockholder receives purchase notice from the Company (the “Purchase Date”) in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (each, a “Purchase).

The maximum number of shares of common stock that the Selling Stockholder is required to purchase in any single Purchase under the Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Maximum Amount”) is equal to:

The purchase price per share of the shares of common stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to a Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be equal to ninety-seven percent (97.0%) of the lower of (i) the lowest intraday sale price of the common stock on the Company’s current trading market on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices during the ten (10) trading days immediately preceding the applicable purchase date. There is no upper limit on the price per share that the Selling Stockholder could be obligated to pay for the common stock under the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Price to be paid by Keystone Capital Partners, LLC in a Purchase will be equitably adjusted as set forth in the Purchase Agreement for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction.

The payment for shares in respect of each Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be settled on the third (3^rd) trading day immediately following the delivery of the shares to the Selling Stockholder, which shall occur on the trading day immediately following the applicable Purchase Date.

Conditions Precedent to Commencement and For Delivery of Purchase Notices

Our right to deliver Purchase notices to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, and the Selling Stockholder’s obligation to Purchase notices delivered by us under the Purchase Agreement, are subject to (i) the initial satisfaction, at the Commencement, and (ii) the satisfaction of the conditions precedent thereto set forth in the Purchase Agreement, all of which are entirely outside of the Selling Stockholder’s control, which conditions including the following:

Termination of the Purchase Agreement

Unless earlier terminated as provided in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement will terminate automatically on the earliest to occur of:

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon ten (10) trading days’ prior written notice to the Selling Stockholder. We and the Selling Stockholder may also terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time by mutual written consent.

The Selling Stockholder also has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon ten (10) trading days’ prior written notice to us, but only upon the occurrence of certain events, including:

No termination of the Purchase Agreement by us or by the Selling Stockholder will become effective prior to the first trading day immediately following the applicable settlement date related to any pending Purchase that has not been fully settled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, and will not affect any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement with respect to any pending Purchase (as applicable), and both we and the Selling Stockholder have agreed to complete our respective obligations with respect to any such pending Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. Furthermore, no termination of the Purchase Agreement will affect the Registration Rights Agreement, which will survive any termination of the Purchase Agreement.

No Short-Selling or Hedging by Keystone Capital Partners, LLC

The Selling Stockholder has agreed that neither it nor any of its affiliates shall engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of our common stock during any time prior to the termination of the Purchase Agreement.

Prohibition on Variable Rate Transactions

Subject to specified exceptions included in the Purchase Agreement, we are limited in our ability to enter into specified variable rate transactions during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Such transactions include, among others, the issuance of convertible securities with a conversion or exercise price that is based upon or varies with the trading price of our Common Stock after the date of issuance.

Effect of Performance of the Purchase Agreement on our Stockholders

All shares of common stock that have been or may be issued or sold by us to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement that are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Stockholder in this offering are expected to be freely tradable. The shares of common stock being registered for resale in this offering (excluding the Initial Commitment Shares and the Additional Commitment Shares) may be issued and sold by us to the Selling Stockholder from time to time at our discretion over a period of up to 24 months commencing on the Commencement Date. The resale by the Selling Stockholder of a significant amount of shares registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of our common stock, if any, by the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or none of the shares of our common stock that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

If and when we do elect to sell shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this Offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this Offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this Offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $50,000,000 of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder, we are registering 75,000,000 shares of our common stock, which exceeds the 16,552,304 shares of our common stock representing the maximum number of shares we may issue and sell under the Purchase Agreement under the Exchange Cap Limitation, for resale under this prospectus. The Exchange Cap Limitation includes the 1,310,429 Initial Commitment Shares we have committed to issue upon effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus, as well as up to 5,244,994 Additional Commitment Shares issuable at the earlier of the date that (i) is thirty (30) days following the closing of the Company’s first public offering of common stock or common stock equivalents and (ii) October 16, 2023. If after the Commencement Date we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder all of the 68,444,577 remaining shares of common stock being registered for resale under this prospectus that are available for sale by us to the Selling Stockholder in Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the market prices of our common stock, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of the shares may be substantially less than the $50,000,000 Total Commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more shares than being registered for resale under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the Total Commitment of $50,000,000 under the Purchase Agreement, we must first (i) obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, and (ii) file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of any such additional shares of our Common Stock over the 75,000,000 shares registered in this Registration Statement that we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Any issuance and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of common stock in addition to the 75,000,000 shares of our common stock being registered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares of our common stock ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Stockholder is dependent upon the number of shares of common stock, if any, we ultimately sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds we would receive from the Selling Stockholder from our sale of shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:

USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to shares of common stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholder. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of shares of common Stock by the Selling Stockholder.

We may receive up to $50 million in gross proceeds pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. See “Plan of Distribution” elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

We intend to use any proceeds from the Selling Stockholder that we receive under the Purchase Agreement for working capital, strategic and general corporate purposes. We cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds that we will have from the sale of our shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Therefore, our management will have broad discretion to determine the specific use for the net proceeds and we may use the proceeds for purposes that are not contemplated at the time of this Offering.

We will incur all costs associated with this prospectus and the registration statement of which it is a part.

SECURITIES

Our authorized capital stock consists of 800,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, including 300 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 1,500 shares of Series B Preferred stock, 600,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, 7,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, 77,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock, 9,073 shares of Series F Preferred Stock, 9,052 shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock, and 9,052 of Series F-2 Preferred Stock. As of July 31, 2023, 90,140,936 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, 251 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, 1,443 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, 500,756 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, 0 shares of Series D Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, 5,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, 5,251 shares of Series F Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, 1,530 shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, and 1,153 shares of Series F-2 Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights. Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters presented to the shareholders for a vote. Holders of shares of common stock have no cumulative voting, preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. All shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to this registration statement will be duly authorized, fully paid and non-assessable. Our Board of Directors determines if and when distributions may be paid out of legally available funds to the holders. To date, we have not declared any dividends with respect to our common stock. Our declaration of any cash dividends in the future will depend on our Board of Directors’ determination as to whether, in light of our earnings, financial position, cash requirements and other relevant factors existing at the time, it appears advisable to do so. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future.

Rights Upon Liquidation. Upon liquidation, subject to the right of any holders of the preferred stock to receive preferential distributions, each outstanding share of common stock may participate pro rata in the assets remaining after payment of, or adequate provision for, all our known debts and liabilities.

Majority Voting. The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock constitute a quorum at any meeting of the shareholders. A plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders elects our directors. The common stock does not have cumulative voting rights. Therefore, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of our directors. In general, a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders must authorize shareholder actions other than the election of directors. Most amendments to our certificate of incorporation require the vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding voting shares.

Preferred Stock

Authority of Board of Directors to Create Series and Fix Rights. Under our certificate of incorporation, as amended, our Board of Directors can issue up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix by resolution as to any series the designation and number of shares of the series, the voting rights, the dividend rights, the redemption price, the amount payable upon liquidation or dissolution, the conversion rights, and any other designations, preferences or special rights or restrictions as may be permitted by law. Unless the nature of a particular transaction and the rules of law applicable thereto require such approval, our Board of Directors has the authority to issue these shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval.

Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock

On January 22, 2021, we filed Amended and Restated Certificates of Designation, Preferences and Rights to create our Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock (collectively, “Preferred Stock”). The preferences, rights and terms of the Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock are identical except for the conversion price associated with each.

Voluntary Conversion. The Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such Preferred Stock (which is $1,000) by the conversion price. The current conversion price is $1.3329 for the Series A Preferred Stock and $0.7149 for the Series B Preferred Stock. The conversion price shall be adjusted in the event that we (i) pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution or distributions payable in shares of our common stock, (ii) subdivide outstanding shares of our common stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combine (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of our common stock into a small number of shares, or (iv) issue, in the event of a reclassification of shares of our common stock, any shares of our capital stock.

Mandatory Conversion. If (i) the closing price of our common stock exceeds 300% of the then-current conversion price for five consecutive trading days, (ii) the daily average trading volume during thirty consecutive trading days was in excess of $100,000 per trading day, (iii) our common stock is DWAC eligible and not subject to a “DTC chill” and (iv) the shares of our common stock are freely tradeable pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, we have the right to require the holders of Preferred Stock to convert all remaining shares of Preferred Stock into shares of common stock.

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights. Holders of Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Each outstanding share of Preferred Stock entitles the holder, from and after the second anniversary of the issuance date thereof, to quarterly dividends at an annual rate of 8% of the Stated Value per share of Preferred Stock (subject to adjustment), payable in either cash or shares of common stock at our discretion.

Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of our assets an amount equal to the Stated Value for each share of Preferred Stock before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of our common stock. Thereafter, the holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive the same amount that a holder of our common stock is entitled to receive if the shares of Preferred Stock were fully converted into shares of our common stock, which amounts are to be paid pari passu with holders of our common stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock.

Series C Preferred Stock

On March 31, 2021, we filed Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights to create our Series C Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”). The preferences, rights and terms of the Series C Preferred Stock are as follows.

Voluntary Conversion. The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such Series C Preferred Stock (which is $1.00) by the conversion price. The conversion price is $0.893 for the Series C Preferred Stock. The conversion price shall be adjusted in the event that we (i) pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution or distributions payable in shares of our common stock, (ii) subdivide outstanding shares of our common stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combine (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of our common stock into a small number of shares, or (iv) issue, in the event of a reclassification of shares of our common stock, any shares of our capital stock.

Mandatory Conversion. If (i) the closing price of our common stock exceeds 300% of the then-current conversion price for five consecutive trading days, (ii) the daily average trading volume during thirty consecutive trading days was in excess of $100,000 per trading day, (iii) our common stock is DWAC eligible and not subject to a “DTC chill” and (iv) the shares of our common stock are freely tradeable pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, we have the right to require the holders of Series C Preferred Stock to convert all remaining shares of Series C Preferred Stock into shares of common stock.

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights. Holders of Series C Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Each outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock entitles the holder, from and after the second anniversary of the issuance date thereof, to quarterly dividends at an annual rate of 8% of the Stated Value per share of Series C Preferred Stock (subject to adjustment), payable in either cash or shares of common stock at our discretion.

Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Series C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of our assets an amount equal to the Stated Value for each share of Series C Preferred Stock before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of our common stock. Thereafter, the holders of Series C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive the same amount that a holder of our common stock is entitled to receive if the shares of Series C Preferred Stock were fully converted into shares of our common stock, which amounts are to be paid pari passu with holders of our common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock.

Series D Preferred Stock

On July 8, 2022, we filed the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights (the “Series D Certificate of Designations”) to create our Series D Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”). On February 1, 2023, we filed Amendment No. 1 to the Series D Certificate of Designations. The preferences, rights and terms of the Series D Preferred Stock, as amended, are as follows.

Voluntary Conversion. The Series D Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such Series D Preferred Stock (which is $1,000) by the conversion price. The conversion price is $0.50 for the Series D Preferred Stock. The conversion price shall be adjusted in the event that we (i) pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution or distributions payable in shares of our common stock, (ii) subdivide outstanding shares of our common stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combine (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of our common stock into a small number of shares, or (iv) issue, in the event of a reclassification of shares of our common stock, any shares of our capital stock.

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights. Holders of Series D Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Each outstanding share of Series D Preferred Stock entitles the holder to cumulative dividends at an annual rate of 12% of the Stated Value per share of Series D Preferred Stock (subject to adjustment), payable in shares of common stock at our discretion.

Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of our assets an amount equal to the Stated Value for each share of Series D Preferred Stock before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of our common stock. Thereafter, the holders of Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive the same amount that a holder of our common stock is entitled to receive if the shares of Series D Preferred Stock were fully converted into shares of our common stock, which amounts are to be paid pari passu with holders of our common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock.

Series E Preferred Stock

On February 1, 2023, we filed the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights to create our Series E Preferred Stock. The preferences, rights and terms of the Series E Preferred Stock are as follows.

Voluntary Conversion. Each share of Series E Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof into 1,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock combinations and the like.

Voting, Dividend and Other Rights. Holders of Series E Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Each outstanding share of Series E Preferred Stock entitles the holder to receive dividends on an as converted basis together with holders of common stock.

Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of our assets the same amount that a holder of common stock would receive if the Series E Preferred Stock were fully converted (disregarding any conversion limitations), which amounts are to be paid pari passu with holders of our common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock.

Series F Preferred Stock

On June 5, 2023, we filed a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series F Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series F COD”). The preferences, rights and terms of the Series F Preferred Stock are as follows.

Designation, Amount, and Par Value. The number of shares of Series F Preferred Stock designated is 9,073. The shares of Series F Preferred Stock have a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value of $1,000 per share.

Conversion Price. The Series F Preferred Stock will be convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.1478 (subject to adjustment pursuant to the Certificate of Designation) (the “Conversion Price”).

Dividends. The Series F Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at a rate of 10% per annum (the “Series F Dividend Rate”) payable on the first calendar day of each month in shares of common stock, cash, or a combination of the two, at the Company’s option. If any shares of Series F Preferred Stock remain outstanding on the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the Initial Issuance Date (as defined in the Series F COD), the Series F Dividend Rate will increase by thirty percent (30%) on the first calendar day of each quarter until no shares of Series F Preferred Stock remain outstanding.

Liquidation. In the event of a Liquidation Event (as defined in the Series F COD), the holders the Series F Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive in cash out of the assets of the Company, before any amount shall be paid to the holders of any other shares of capital stock of the Company, equal to the sum of (i) the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Series F Warrants) with respect to the outstanding portion of all warrants held by such holder of Series F Preferred Stock (without regard to any limitations on the exercise thereof) as of the date of such event and (ii) the greater of (A) 125% of the Series F Conversion Amount (as defined below) on the date of such payment and (B) the amount per share such holder of Series F Preferred Stock would receive if they converted such share of Series F Preferred Stock into common stock immediately prior to the date of such payment

Company Redemption. The Company may redeem all, or any portion, of the Series F Preferred Stock for cash, at a price per share of Series F Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (i) the sum of the stated value plus any declared and unpaid dividends on such share of Series F Preferred Stock (the “Series F Conversion Amount”), and (ii) solely if an Equity Conditions Failure (as defined in the Series F COD) exists, the product of (1) the Series F Conversion Amount divided by the Series F Conversion Price with respect to the amount being redeemed by the Company multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price (as defined in the Series F COD) of the common stock on any trading day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding the notice given by the Company of such redemption and ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made for such redemption.

Maximum Percentage. Holders of Series F Preferred Stock are prohibited from converting shares of Series F Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than a specified percentage (to be initially set at 4.99% and thereafter adjusted by the holder to a number between 4.99% and 9.99%) (the “Series F Maximum Percentage”) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion.

Voting Rights. The holders of Series F Preferred Stock shall have the right to vote with the holders of shares of common stock, voting together as one class, with a number of votes per share of Series F Preferred Stock as is equal to the number of shares of common stock into which it is the Series F Preferred Stock is then convertible (subject to the Series F Maximum Percentage) on all matters in which the holders of Series F Preferred Stock are permitted to vote with the class of shares of common stock pursuant to applicable law. Holders of Series F Preferred Stock are also entitled to vote as a class as expressly provided in the Series F COD and where required pursuant to applicable law.

Series F-1 Preferred Stock

On June 13, 2023, we filed a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series F-1 COD”). The preferences, rights and terms of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock are as follows.

Designation, Amount, and Par Value. The number of shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock designated is 9,052. The shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock have a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value of $1,000 per share.

Conversion Price. The Series F-1 Preferred Stock will be convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.1499 (subject to adjustment pursuant to the Series F-1 COD) (the “F-1 Conversion Price”).

Dividends. The Series F-1 Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at a rate of 10% per annum (the “F-1 Dividend Rate”) payable on the first calendar day of each month in shares of common stock, cash, or a combination of the two, at our option. If any shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock remain outstanding on the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the Initial Issuance Date (as defined in the Series F-1 COD), the F-1 Dividend Rate will increase by thirty percent (30%) on the first calendar day of each quarter until no shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock remain outstanding.

Liquidation. In the event of a Liquidation Event (as defined in the Series F-1 COD), the holders the Series F-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive in cash out of the assets of the Company, before any amount shall be paid to the holders of any other shares of capital stock of the Company, equal to the sum of (i) the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Series F-1 Warrants) with respect to the outstanding portion of all Series F-1 Warrants held by such holder of Series F-1 Preferred Stock (without regard to any limitations on the exercise thereof) as of the date of such event and (ii) the greater of (A) 125% of the F-1 Conversion Amount (as defined below) on the date of such payment and (B) the amount per share such holder of Series F-1 Preferred Stock would receive if they converted such share of Series F-1 Preferred Stock into common stock immediately prior to the date of such payment

Company Redemption. The Company may redeem all, or any portion, of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock for cash, at a price per share of Series F-1 Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (i) the sum of the stated value plus any declared and unpaid dividends on such share of Series F-1 Preferred Stock (the “F-1 Conversion Amount”), and (ii) solely if an Equity Conditions Failure (as defined in the Series F-1 COD) exists, the product of (1) the F-1 Conversion Amount divided by the F-1 Conversion Price with respect to the amount being redeemed by the Company multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price (as defined in the Series F-1 COD) of the common stock on any trading day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding the notice given by the Company of such redemption and ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made for such redemption.

Maximum Percentage. Holders of Series F-1 Preferred Stock are prohibited from converting shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than a specified percentage (to be initially set at 4.99% and thereafter adjusted by the holder to a number between 4.99% and 9.99%) (the “F-1 Maximum Percentage”) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion.

Voting Rights. The holders of Series F-1 Preferred Stock shall have the right to vote with the holders of shares of common stock, voting together as one class, with a number of votes per share of Series F-1 Preferred Stock as is equal to the number of shares of common stock into which it is the Series F-1 Preferred Stock is then convertible (subject to the F-1 Maximum Percentage) on all matters in which the holders of Series F-1 Preferred Stock are permitted to vote with the class of shares of common stock pursuant to applicable law. Holders of Series F-1 Preferred Stock are also entitled to vote as a class as expressly provided in the Series F-1 COD and where required pursuant to applicable law.

Series F-2 Preferred Stock

On June 14, 2023, we filed a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series F-2 Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series F-2 COD”). The preferences, rights and terms of the Series F-2 Preferred Stock are as follows.

Designation, Amount, and Par Value. The number of shares of Series F-2 Preferred Stock designated is 9,052. The shares of Series F-2 Preferred Stock have a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value of $1,000 per share.

Conversion Price. The Series F-2 Preferred Stock will be convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.1538 (subject to adjustment pursuant to the Series F-2 COD) (the “F-2 Conversion Price”).

Dividends. The Series F-2 Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at a rate of 10% per annum (the “F-2 Dividend Rate”) payable on the first calendar day of each month in shares of common stock, cash, or a combination of the two, at our option. If any shares of Series F-2 Preferred Stock remain outstanding on the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the Initial Issuance Date (as defined in the Series F-2 COD), the F-2 Dividend Rate will increase by thirty percent (30%) on the first calendar day of each quarter until no shares of Series F-2 Preferred Stock remain outstanding.

Liquidation. In the event of a Liquidation Event (as defined in the Series F-2 COD), the holders the Series F-2 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive in cash out of the assets of the Company, before any amount shall be paid to the holders of any other shares of capital stock of the Company, equal to the sum of (i) the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Series F-2 Warrants) with respect to the outstanding portion of all Series F-2 Warrants held by such holder of Series F-2 Preferred Stock (without regard to any limitations on the exercise thereof) as of the date of such event and (ii) the greater of (A) 125% of the F-2 Conversion Amount (as defined below) on the date of such payment and (B) the amount per share such holder of Series F-2 Preferred Stock would receive if they converted such share of Series F-2 Preferred Stock into common stock immediately prior to the date of such payment

Company Redemption. The Company may redeem all, or any portion, of the Series F-2 Preferred Stock for cash, at a price per share of Series F-2 Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (i) the sum of the stated value plus any declared and unpaid dividends on such share of Series F-2 Preferred Stock (the “F-2 Conversion Amount”), and (ii) solely if an Equity Conditions Failure (as defined in the Series F-2 COD) exists, the product of (1) the F-2 Conversion Amount divided by the F-2 Conversion Price with respect to the amount being redeemed by the Company multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price (as defined in the Series F-2 COD) of the common stock on any trading day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding the notice given by the Company of such redemption and ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made for such redemption.

Maximum Percentage. Holders of Series F-2 Preferred Stock are prohibited from converting shares of Series F-2 Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than a specified percentage (to be initially set at 4.99% and thereafter adjusted by the holder to a number between 4.99% and 9.99%) (the “F-2 Maximum Percentage”) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion.

Voting Rights. The holders of Series F-2 Preferred Stock shall have the right to vote with the holders of shares of common stock, voting together as one class, with a number of votes per share of Series F-2 Preferred Stock as is equal to the number of shares of common stock into which it is the Series F-2 Preferred Stock is then convertible (subject to the F-2 Maximum Percentage) on all matters in which the holders of Series F-2 Preferred Stock are permitted to vote with the class of shares of common stock pursuant to applicable law. Holders of Series F-2 Preferred Stock are also entitled to vote as a class as expressly provided in the Series F-2 COD and where required pursuant to applicable law.

Outstanding Warrants

At June 30, 2023, the following warrants were outstanding:

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Articles of Incorporation, as Amended, and Our Bylaws

Our certificate of incorporation and our Bylaws contain certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions and certain provisions of Delaware law, which are summarized below, may discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions also may encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board of Directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

Undesignated Preferred Stock. As discussed above, our Board of Directors has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in our control or management.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our Board of Directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.

The provisions of Delaware law and the provisions of our certificate of incorporation and Bylaws, as amended, could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The registrar and transfer agent for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, located at 18 Lafayette Place Woodmere, New York 11598.

SELLING STOCKHOLDER

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale by Keystone Capital Partners of up to 75,000,000 shares of common stock that have been and may be issued by us to Keystone Capital Partners under the Purchase Agreement. For additional information regarding the shares of common stock included in this prospectus, see the section titled “Committed Equity Financing” above. We are registering the shares of common stock included in this prospectus pursuant to the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement we entered into with Keystone Capital Partners on July 20, 2023 in order to permit the Selling Stockholder to offer the shares for resale from time to time. Except for the purchase by Keystone Capital Partners of certain of the Company’s convertible securities, preferred stock, and promissory notes and the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, Keystone Capital Partners has not had any material relationship with us within the past three years. As used in this prospectus, the term “Selling Stockholder” means Keystone Capital Partners, LLC.

The table below presents information regarding the Selling Stockholder and the shares of common stock that may be resold by the Selling Stockholder from time to time under this prospectus. This table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Stockholder, and reflects holdings as of July 24, 2023. The number of shares in the column “Maximum Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Offered Pursuant to this Prospectus” represents all of the shares of common stock being offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus. Selling Stockholder may sell some, all or none of the shares being offered for resale in this offering. We do not know how long the Selling Stockholder will hold the shares before selling them, and we know of no existing arrangements between the Selling Stockholder or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, and includes shares of common stock with respect to which the Selling Stockholder has voting power, including the power to vote or to direct the voting of such shares, and/or investment power, including the power to dispose or to direct the disposition of such shares. The percentage of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder prior to the offering shown in the table below is based on an aggregate of 90,140,936 shares of our common stock outstanding on July 31, 2023.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of common stock that we may, in our discretion, elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder from time to time after the date of this prospectus in Purchases pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock at the times we elect to sell such shares to the Selling Stockholder in Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus and prior to any such Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, the actual number of shares of common stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, which may be fewer than the number of shares of common stock being offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus. The fourth column assumes the resale by the Selling Stockholder of all of the shares of common stock being offered pursuant to this prospectus.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are being offered by the Selling Stockholder, Keystone Capital Partners, LLC.  The shares may be sold or distributed from time to time by the Selling Stockholder directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed. The sale of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus could be effected in one or more of the following methods:

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the shares may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the state’s registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.

Keystone Capital Partners is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

Keystone Capital Partners has informed us that it intends to use one or more registered broker-dealers to effectuate all sales, if any, of our common stock that it has acquired and may in the future acquire from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.  Such sales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price.  Each such registered broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.  Keystone Capital Partners has informed us that each such broker-dealer will receive commissions from Keystone Capital Partners that will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.

Brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from the purchasers, for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent, of the shares sold by the Selling Stockholder through this prospectus. The compensation paid to any such particular broker-dealer by any such purchasers of shares of our common stock sold by the Selling Stockholder may be less than or in excess of customary commissions.  Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive from any purchasers of shares of our common stock sold by the Selling Stockholder.

We know of no existing arrangements between the Selling Stockholder or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus.

We may from time to time file with the SEC one or more supplements to this prospectus or amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to amend, supplement or update information contained in this prospectus, including, if and when required under the Securities Act, to disclose certain information relating to a particular sale of shares offered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholder, including the names of any brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such shares by the Selling Stockholder, any compensation paid by the Selling Stockholder to any such brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents, and any other required information.

We will pay the expenses incident to the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholder. As consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase our common stock under the Purchase Agreement, (i) we will issue to Keystone Capital Partners 1,310,429 shares of our common stock as Initial Commitment Shares upon effectiveness of the registration statement that includes this prospectus and (ii) upon the applicable Additional Commitment Share Trigger Date, we will issue to Keystone Capital Partners a number of Additional Commitment Shares up to a maximum of 5,244,994 shares. We also have agreed to reimburse Keystone Capital Partners for the fees and disbursements of its counsel, payable upon execution of the Purchase Agreement, in an amount not to exceed $5,000.

We also have agreed to indemnify Keystone Capital Partners and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of shares of our common stock offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities.  Keystone Capital Partners has agreed to indemnify us against liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from certain written information furnished to us by Keystone Capital Partners specifically for use in this prospectus or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore, unenforceable.

We estimate that the total expenses for the offering will be approximately $15,000.

Keystone Capital Partners has represented to us that at no time prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement has Keystone Capital Partners or its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of our common stock or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to our common stock.  Keystone Capital Partners has agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, neither Keystone Capital Partners, nor any of its agents, representatives or affiliates will enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any of the foregoing transactions.

We have advised the Selling Stockholder that it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes the Selling Stockholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus.

This offering will terminate on the date that all shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus have been sold by the Selling Stockholder.

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CRKN”. 

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered in this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Pryor Cashman LLP. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us, the Selling Stockholder or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. As appropriate, legal counsel representing the underwriters, dealers or agents will be named in the accompanying prospectus supplement and may opine to certain legal matters.

EXPERTS

Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our financial statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the nine-month period ended December 31, 2021 as set forth in its report included in our annual report on Form 10-K and transition report on Form 10-KT for the twelve and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Marcum LLP’s reports, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities being offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and the exhibits to such registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities offered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and the exhibits to such registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference.

The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at 1110 NE Circle Blvd., Corvallis, Oregon 97330, Attention: Chief Financial Officer or telephoning us at (213) 660-4250.

We are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance with this law, file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available at the SEC’s website referred to above. We also maintain a website at www.crownek.com. You may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents and that the information in this prospectus is not complete and you should read the information incorporated by reference for more detail. We incorporate by reference in two ways. First, we list certain documents that we have already filed with the SEC. The information in these documents is considered part of this prospectus. Second, the information in documents that we file with the SEC in the future will update and supersede the current information in, and incorporated by reference in, this prospectus until we file a post-effective amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the common stock made by this prospectus.

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we will make with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than information furnished in Current Reports on Form 8-K filed under Item 2.02 or 7.01 of such form unless such form expressly provides to the contrary), including those made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement:

The documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus are also available on our corporate website at www.crownek.com. We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus. You may request a copy of this information at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:

Crown Electrokinetic Corp.

Attention: Chief Financial Officer
1110 NE Circle Blvd.

Corvallis, Oregon 97330

(213) 660-4250

75,000,000 Shares

Crown Electrokinetics Corp.

Common Stock

PROSPECTUS

August 7, 2023